id sid tid token lemma pos 11018 1 1 Articles article NNS 11018 1 2 Weathering weather VBG 11018 1 3 the the DT 11018 1 4 Twitter Twitter NNP 11018 1 5 Storm storm NN 11018 1 6 : : : 11018 1 7 Early early JJ 11018 1 8 Uses use NNS 11018 1 9 of of IN 11018 1 10 Social Social NNP 11018 1 11 Media Media NNP 11018 1 12 as as IN 11018 1 13 a a DT 11018 1 14 Disaster Disaster NNP 11018 1 15 Response Response NNP 11018 1 16 Tool Tool NNP 11018 1 17 for for IN 11018 1 18 Public public JJ 11018 1 19 Libraries Libraries NNPS 11018 1 20 During during IN 11018 1 21 Hurricane Hurricane NNP 11018 1 22 Sandy Sandy NNP 11018 1 23 Sharon Sharon NNP 11018 1 24 Han Han NNP 11018 1 25 INFORMATION INFORMATION NNP 11018 1 26 TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY NNP 11018 1 27 AND and CC 11018 1 28 LIBRARIES LIBRARIES NNP 11018 1 29 | | NNP 11018 1 30 JUNE JUNE NNP 11018 1 31 2019 2019 CD 11018 1 32 37 37 CD 11018 1 33 Sharon Sharon NNP 11018 1 34 Han Han NNP 11018 1 35 ( ( -LRB- 11018 1 36 shrnhan@gmail.com shrnhan@gmail.com ADD 11018 1 37 ) ) -RRB- 11018 1 38 is be VBZ 11018 1 39 Candidate candidate NN 11018 1 40 for for IN 11018 1 41 Master Master NNP 11018 1 42 of of IN 11018 1 43 Science Science NNP 11018 1 44 in in IN 11018 1 45 Library Library NNP 11018 1 46 and and CC 11018 1 47 Information Information NNP 11018 1 48 Science Science NNP 11018 1 49 , , , 11018 1 50 School School NNP 11018 1 51 of of IN 11018 1 52 Information Information NNP 11018 1 53 Sciences Sciences NNPS 11018 1 54 , , , 11018 1 55 University University NNP 11018 1 56 of of IN 11018 1 57 Illinois Illinois NNP 11018 1 58 . . . 11018 2 1 ABSTRACT ABSTRACT NNP 11018 2 2 After after IN 11018 2 3 a a DT 11018 2 4 disaster disaster NN 11018 2 5 , , , 11018 2 6 news news NN 11018 2 7 reports report NNS 11018 2 8 and and CC 11018 2 9 online online JJ 11018 2 10 platforms platform NNS 11018 2 11 often often RB 11018 2 12 document document VBP 11018 2 13 the the DT 11018 2 14 swift swift JJ 11018 2 15 response response NN 11018 2 16 of of IN 11018 2 17 public public JJ 11018 2 18 libraries library NNS 11018 2 19 supporting support VBG 11018 2 20 their -PRON- PRP$ 11018 2 21 communities community NNS 11018 2 22 . . . 11018 3 1 Despite despite IN 11018 3 2 current current JJ 11018 3 3 scholarship scholarship NN 11018 3 4 focused focus VBD 11018 3 5 on on IN 11018 3 6 social social JJ 11018 3 7 media medium NNS 11018 3 8 in in IN 11018 3 9 disasters disaster NNS 11018 3 10 , , , 11018 3 11 early early JJ 11018 3 12 uses use NNS 11018 3 13 of of IN 11018 3 14 social social JJ 11018 3 15 media medium NNS 11018 3 16 as as IN 11018 3 17 an an DT 11018 3 18 extension extension NN 11018 3 19 of of IN 11018 3 20 library library NN 11018 3 21 services service NNS 11018 3 22 require require VBP 11018 3 23 further further JJ 11018 3 24 scrutiny scrutiny NN 11018 3 25 . . . 11018 4 1 The the DT 11018 4 2 Federal Federal NNP 11018 4 3 Emergency Emergency NNP 11018 4 4 Management Management NNP 11018 4 5 Agency Agency NNP 11018 4 6 ( ( -LRB- 11018 4 7 FEMA FEMA NNP 11018 4 8 ) ) -RRB- 11018 4 9 recognized recognize VBD 11018 4 10 Hurricane Hurricane NNP 11018 4 11 Sandy Sandy NNP 11018 4 12 as as IN 11018 4 13 one one CD 11018 4 14 of of IN 11018 4 15 the the DT 11018 4 16 earliest early JJS 11018 4 17 U.S. U.S. NNP 11018 4 18 disasters disaster NNS 11018 4 19 in in IN 11018 4 20 which which WDT 11018 4 21 first first JJ 11018 4 22 responders responder NNS 11018 4 23 used use VBD 11018 4 24 social social JJ 11018 4 25 media medium NNS 11018 4 26 . . . 11018 5 1 This this DT 11018 5 2 study study NN 11018 5 3 specifically specifically RB 11018 5 4 examines examine VBZ 11018 5 5 early early JJ 11018 5 6 uses use NNS 11018 5 7 of of IN 11018 5 8 Twitter Twitter NNP 11018 5 9 by by IN 11018 5 10 selected select VBN 11018 5 11 public public JJ 11018 5 12 libraries library NNS 11018 5 13 as as IN 11018 5 14 an an DT 11018 5 15 information information NN 11018 5 16 tool tool NN 11018 5 17 during during IN 11018 5 18 Sandy Sandy NNP 11018 5 19 ’s ’s POS 11018 5 20 aftermath aftermath NN 11018 5 21 . . . 11018 6 1 Results result NNS 11018 6 2 can can MD 11018 6 3 inform inform VB 11018 6 4 uses use NNS 11018 6 5 of of IN 11018 6 6 social social JJ 11018 6 7 media medium NNS 11018 6 8 in in IN 11018 6 9 library library JJ 11018 6 10 response response NN 11018 6 11 to to IN 11018 6 12 future future JJ 11018 6 13 disasters disaster NNS 11018 6 14 . . . 11018 7 1 INTRODUCTION introduction NN 11018 7 2 In in IN 11018 7 3 the the DT 11018 7 4 Digital Digital NNP 11018 7 5 Age Age NNP 11018 7 6 of of IN 11018 7 7 instantaneous instantaneous JJ 11018 7 8 communication communication NN 11018 7 9 , , , 11018 7 10 when when WRB 11018 7 11 disasters disaster NNS 11018 7 12 hit hit VBP 11018 7 13 , , , 11018 7 14 they -PRON- PRP 11018 7 15 hit hit VBD 11018 7 16 us -PRON- PRP 11018 7 17 all all DT 11018 7 18 . . . 11018 8 1 The the DT 11018 8 2 fall fall NN 11018 8 3 and and CC 11018 8 4 winter winter NN 11018 8 5 of of IN 11018 8 6 2017 2017 CD 11018 8 7 - - SYM 11018 8 8 18 18 CD 11018 8 9 brought bring VBD 11018 8 10 a a DT 11018 8 11 literal literal JJ 11018 8 12 and and CC 11018 8 13 figurative figurative JJ 11018 8 14 deluge deluge NN 11018 8 15 to to IN 11018 8 16 our -PRON- PRP$ 11018 8 17 screens screen NNS 11018 8 18 with with IN 11018 8 19 the the DT 11018 8 20 arrival arrival NN 11018 8 21 of of IN 11018 8 22 hurricanes hurricane NNS 11018 8 23 Harvey Harvey NNP 11018 8 24 , , , 11018 8 25 Irma Irma NNP 11018 8 26 , , , 11018 8 27 and and CC 11018 8 28 Maria Maria NNP 11018 8 29 to to IN 11018 8 30 the the DT 11018 8 31 United United NNP 11018 8 32 States States NNP 11018 8 33 . . . 11018 9 1 Within within IN 11018 9 2 moments moment NNS 11018 9 3 of of IN 11018 9 4 each each DT 11018 9 5 event event NN 11018 9 6 , , , 11018 9 7 websites website NNS 11018 9 8 and and CC 11018 9 9 news news NN 11018 9 10 feeds feed VBZ 11018 9 11 filled fill VBN 11018 9 12 with with IN 11018 9 13 images image NNS 11018 9 14 of of IN 11018 9 15 destruction destruction NN 11018 9 16 and and CC 11018 9 17 cries cry NNS 11018 9 18 for for IN 11018 9 19 help help NN 11018 9 20 . . . 11018 10 1 The the DT 11018 10 2 use use NN 11018 10 3 of of IN 11018 10 4 social social JJ 11018 10 5 media medium NNS 11018 10 6 to to TO 11018 10 7 bring bring VB 11018 10 8 awareness awareness NN 11018 10 9 to to IN 11018 10 10 victims victim NNS 11018 10 11 ’ ’ POS 11018 10 12 situations situation NNS 11018 10 13 through through IN 11018 10 14 hashtags hashtag NNS 11018 10 15 and and CC 11018 10 16 directly directly RB 11018 10 17 tagging tag VBG 11018 10 18 first first JJ 11018 10 19 responders responder NNS 11018 10 20 underscores underscore VBZ 11018 10 21 the the DT 11018 10 22 importance importance NN 11018 10 23 of of IN 11018 10 24 this this DT 11018 10 25 technological technological JJ 11018 10 26 tool tool NN 11018 10 27 in in IN 11018 10 28 the the DT 11018 10 29 twenty twenty CD 11018 10 30 - - HYPH 11018 10 31 first first JJ 11018 10 32 century century NN 11018 10 33 . . . 11018 11 1 In in IN 11018 11 2 fact fact NN 11018 11 3 , , , 11018 11 4 the the DT 11018 11 5 ubiquity ubiquity NN 11018 11 6 of of IN 11018 11 7 social social JJ 11018 11 8 media medium NNS 11018 11 9 in in IN 11018 11 10 documenting document VBG 11018 11 11 Hurricane Hurricane NNP 11018 11 12 Harvey Harvey NNP 11018 11 13 have have VBP 11018 11 14 led lead VBN 11018 11 15 some some DT 11018 11 16 to to TO 11018 11 17 believe believe VB 11018 11 18 that that IN 11018 11 19 it -PRON- PRP 11018 11 20 should should MD 11018 11 21 be be VB 11018 11 22 considered consider VBN 11018 11 23 the the DT 11018 11 24 first first JJ 11018 11 25 “ " `` 11018 11 26 social social JJ 11018 11 27 media medium NNS 11018 11 28 storm storm NN 11018 11 29 . . . 11018 11 30 ”1 ”1 '' 11018 11 31 However however RB 11018 11 32 , , , 11018 11 33 many many JJ 11018 11 34 of of IN 11018 11 35 the the DT 11018 11 36 most most RBS 11018 11 37 popular popular JJ 11018 11 38 social social JJ 11018 11 39 media medium NNS 11018 11 40 platforms platform NNS 11018 11 41 have have VBP 11018 11 42 existed exist VBN 11018 11 43 since since IN 11018 11 44 the the DT 11018 11 45 mid-2000s mid-2000 NNS 11018 11 46 and and CC 11018 11 47 have have VBP 11018 11 48 already already RB 11018 11 49 been be VBN 11018 11 50 used use VBN 11018 11 51 to to TO 11018 11 52 communicate communicate VB 11018 11 53 disaster- disaster- XX 11018 11 54 related related JJ 11018 11 55 information information NN 11018 11 56 since since IN 11018 11 57 well well RB 11018 11 58 before before IN 11018 11 59 Harvey Harvey NNP 11018 11 60 reached reach VBD 11018 11 61 the the DT 11018 11 62 United United NNP 11018 11 63 States States NNP 11018 11 64 ’ ’ POS 11018 11 65 shores shore NNS 11018 11 66 . . . 11018 12 1 Some some DT 11018 12 2 of of IN 11018 12 3 social social JJ 11018 12 4 media medium NNS 11018 12 5 ’s ’s POS 11018 12 6 earliest early JJS 11018 12 7 adapters adapter NNS 11018 12 8 were be VBD 11018 12 9 even even RB 11018 12 10 public public JJ 11018 12 11 libraries library NNS 11018 12 12 who who WP 11018 12 13 had have VBD 11018 12 14 the the DT 11018 12 15 resources resource NNS 11018 12 16 and and CC 11018 12 17 means mean VBZ 11018 12 18 to to TO 11018 12 19 use use VB 11018 12 20 this this DT 11018 12 21 information information NN 11018 12 22 technology technology NN 11018 12 23 as as IN 11018 12 24 a a DT 11018 12 25 method method NN 11018 12 26 of of IN 11018 12 27 connecting connect VBG 11018 12 28 with with IN 11018 12 29 their -PRON- PRP$ 11018 12 30 communities community NNS 11018 12 31 . . . 11018 13 1 Why why WRB 11018 13 2 should should MD 11018 13 3 social social JJ 11018 13 4 media medium NNS 11018 13 5 matter matter NN 11018 13 6 to to IN 11018 13 7 public public JJ 11018 13 8 libraries library NNS 11018 13 9 in in IN 11018 13 10 times time NNS 11018 13 11 of of IN 11018 13 12 disaster disaster NN 11018 13 13 ? ? . 11018 14 1 As as IN 11018 14 2 a a DT 11018 14 3 physical physical JJ 11018 14 4 manifestation manifestation NN 11018 14 5 of of IN 11018 14 6 information information NN 11018 14 7 access access NN 11018 14 8 , , , 11018 14 9 the the DT 11018 14 10 public public JJ 11018 14 11 library library NN 11018 14 12 maintains maintain VBZ 11018 14 13 a a DT 11018 14 14 relationship relationship NN 11018 14 15 with with IN 11018 14 16 its -PRON- PRP$ 11018 14 17 community community NN 11018 14 18 that that WDT 11018 14 19 varies vary VBZ 11018 14 20 across across IN 11018 14 21 regions region NNS 11018 14 22 , , , 11018 14 23 time time NN 11018 14 24 , , , 11018 14 25 and and CC 11018 14 26 context context NN 11018 14 27 . . . 11018 15 1 Currently currently RB 11018 15 2 , , , 11018 15 3 the the DT 11018 15 4 public public JJ 11018 15 5 library library NN 11018 15 6 as as IN 11018 15 7 an an DT 11018 15 8 entity entity NN 11018 15 9 is be VBZ 11018 15 10 in in IN 11018 15 11 an an DT 11018 15 12 interventionist interventionist JJ 11018 15 13 period period NN 11018 15 14 , , , 11018 15 15 according accord VBG 11018 15 16 to to IN 11018 15 17 Jaeger Jaeger NNP 11018 15 18 ’s ’s POS 11018 15 19 article article NN 11018 15 20 “ " `` 11018 15 21 Libraries library NNS 11018 15 22 , , , 11018 15 23 Policy policy NN 11018 15 24 , , , 11018 15 25 and and CC 11018 15 26 Politics Politics NNPS 11018 15 27 in in IN 11018 15 28 a a DT 11018 15 29 Democracy democracy NN 11018 15 30 : : : 11018 15 31 Four four CD 11018 15 32 Historical Historical NNP 11018 15 33 Epochs epoch NNS 11018 15 34 , , , 11018 15 35 ” " '' 11018 15 36 where where WRB 11018 15 37 its -PRON- PRP$ 11018 15 38 roles role NNS 11018 15 39 and and CC 11018 15 40 responsibilities responsibility NNS 11018 15 41 are be VBP 11018 15 42 heavily heavily RB 11018 15 43 influenced influence VBN 11018 15 44 by by IN 11018 15 45 outside outside JJ 11018 15 46 factors factor NNS 11018 15 47 , , , 11018 15 48 especially especially RB 11018 15 49 the the DT 11018 15 50 federal federal JJ 11018 15 51 government.2 government.2 NNP 11018 15 52 From from IN 11018 15 53 tax tax NN 11018 15 54 forms form NNS 11018 15 55 to to IN 11018 15 56 permits permit NNS 11018 15 57 to to IN 11018 15 58 insurance insurance NN 11018 15 59 claims claim NNS 11018 15 60 , , , 11018 15 61 the the DT 11018 15 62 government government NN 11018 15 63 encourages encourage VBZ 11018 15 64 people people NNS 11018 15 65 to to TO 11018 15 66 use use VB 11018 15 67 the the DT 11018 15 68 public public JJ 11018 15 69 library library NN 11018 15 70 to to TO 11018 15 71 find find VB 11018 15 72 and and CC 11018 15 73 use use VB 11018 15 74 information information NN 11018 15 75 necessary necessary JJ 11018 15 76 to to TO 11018 15 77 navigate navigate VB 11018 15 78 American american JJ 11018 15 79 society society NN 11018 15 80 . . . 11018 16 1 Public public JJ 11018 16 2 demand demand NN 11018 16 3 for for IN 11018 16 4 accessing access VBG 11018 16 5 government government NN 11018 16 6 and and CC 11018 16 7 other other JJ 11018 16 8 resources resource NNS 11018 16 9 is be VBZ 11018 16 10 especially especially RB 11018 16 11 apparent apparent JJ 11018 16 12 after after IN 11018 16 13 natural natural JJ 11018 16 14 disasters disaster NNS 11018 16 15 , , , 11018 16 16 which which WDT 11018 16 17 , , , 11018 16 18 due due IN 11018 16 19 to to IN 11018 16 20 their -PRON- PRP$ 11018 16 21 unpredictable unpredictable JJ 11018 16 22 nature nature NN 11018 16 23 , , , 11018 16 24 can can MD 11018 16 25 heighten heighten VB 11018 16 26 WEATHERING WEATHERING NNP 11018 16 27 THE the DT 11018 16 28 TWITTER TWITTER NNP 11018 16 29 STORM storm NN 11018 16 30 | | VBD 11018 16 31 HAN HAN NNP 11018 16 32 38 38 CD 11018 16 33 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v38i2.11018 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v38i2.11018 NN 11018 16 34 community community NN 11018 16 35 uncertainty uncertainty NN 11018 16 36 and and CC 11018 16 37 the the DT 11018 16 38 need need NN 11018 16 39 for for IN 11018 16 40 credible credible JJ 11018 16 41 and and CC 11018 16 42 reliable reliable JJ 11018 16 43 information information NN 11018 16 44 . . . 11018 17 1 Public public JJ 11018 17 2 libraries library NNS 11018 17 3 can can MD 11018 17 4 meet meet VB 11018 17 5 this this DT 11018 17 6 information information NN 11018 17 7 need nee MD 11018 17 8 by by IN 11018 17 9 using use VBG 11018 17 10 social social JJ 11018 17 11 media medium NNS 11018 17 12 as as IN 11018 17 13 one one CD 11018 17 14 strategy strategy NN 11018 17 15 to to TO 11018 17 16 assess assess VB 11018 17 17 and and CC 11018 17 18 provide provide VB 11018 17 19 resources resource NNS 11018 17 20 in in IN 11018 17 21 real real JJ 11018 17 22 time time NN 11018 17 23 . . . 11018 18 1 When when WRB 11018 18 2 Hurricane Hurricane NNP 11018 18 3 Sandy Sandy NNP 11018 18 4 landed land VBD 11018 18 5 on on IN 11018 18 6 New New NNP 11018 18 7 Jersey Jersey NNP 11018 18 8 ’s ’s POS 11018 18 9 shore shore NN 11018 18 10 on on IN 11018 18 11 October October NNP 11018 18 12 29 29 CD 11018 18 13 , , , 11018 18 14 2012 2012 CD 11018 18 15 , , , 11018 18 16 it -PRON- PRP 11018 18 17 prompted prompt VBD 11018 18 18 a a DT 11018 18 19 new new JJ 11018 18 20 era era NN 11018 18 21 for for IN 11018 18 22 societal societal JJ 11018 18 23 response response NN 11018 18 24 to to IN 11018 18 25 emergencies emergency NNS 11018 18 26 and and CC 11018 18 27 community community NN 11018 18 28 needs need NNS 11018 18 29 . . . 11018 19 1 Due due IN 11018 19 2 to to IN 11018 19 3 the the DT 11018 19 4 hurricane hurricane NN 11018 19 5 ’s ’s , 11018 19 6 trajectory trajectory CD 11018 19 7 into into IN 11018 19 8 densely densely RB 11018 19 9 populated populate VBN 11018 19 10 areas area NNS 11018 19 11 of of IN 11018 19 12 the the DT 11018 19 13 American american JJ 11018 19 14 northeast northeast NN 11018 19 15 and and CC 11018 19 16 subsequent subsequent JJ 11018 19 17 widespread widespread JJ 11018 19 18 flooding flooding NN 11018 19 19 , , , 11018 19 20 Hurricane Hurricane NNP 11018 19 21 Sandy Sandy NNP 11018 19 22 was be VBD 11018 19 23 the the DT 11018 19 24 deadliest deadly JJS 11018 19 25 storm storm NN 11018 19 26 of of IN 11018 19 27 2012.3 2012.3 CD 11018 19 28 With with IN 11018 19 29 initial initial JJ 11018 19 30 estimated estimate VBN 11018 19 31 recovery recovery NN 11018 19 32 costs cost NNS 11018 19 33 of of IN 11018 19 34 up up IN 11018 19 35 to to TO 11018 19 36 $ $ $ 11018 19 37 50 50 CD 11018 19 38 billion billion CD 11018 19 39 , , , 11018 19 40 the the DT 11018 19 41 degree degree NN 11018 19 42 of of IN 11018 19 43 damage damage NN 11018 19 44 to to IN 11018 19 45 buildings building NNS 11018 19 46 , , , 11018 19 47 infrastructure infrastructure NN 11018 19 48 , , , 11018 19 49 and and CC 11018 19 50 endangerment endangerment NN 11018 19 51 of of IN 11018 19 52 people people NNS 11018 19 53 ’s ’s POS 11018 19 54 safety safety NN 11018 19 55 made make VBD 11018 19 56 swift swift JJ 11018 19 57 and and CC 11018 19 58 coordinated coordinated JJ 11018 19 59 communication communication NN 11018 19 60 paramount paramount NN 11018 19 61 in in IN 11018 19 62 response response NN 11018 19 63 efforts effort NNS 11018 19 64 . . . 11018 20 1 Thus thus RB 11018 20 2 , , , 11018 20 3 the the DT 11018 20 4 aftermath aftermath NN 11018 20 5 of of IN 11018 20 6 Hurricane Hurricane NNP 11018 20 7 Sandy Sandy NNP 11018 20 8 resulted result VBD 11018 20 9 in in IN 11018 20 10 federal federal JJ 11018 20 11 agencies agency NNS 11018 20 12 using use VBG 11018 20 13 social social JJ 11018 20 14 media medium NNS 11018 20 15 for for IN 11018 20 16 the the DT 11018 20 17 first first JJ 11018 20 18 time time NN 11018 20 19 in in IN 11018 20 20 coordinating coordinate VBG 11018 20 21 and and CC 11018 20 22 implementing implement VBG 11018 20 23 disaster disaster NN 11018 20 24 response.4 response.4 CD 11018 20 25 As as IN 11018 20 26 community community NN 11018 20 27 - - HYPH 11018 20 28 based base VBN 11018 20 29 service service NN 11018 20 30 providers provider NNS 11018 20 31 , , , 11018 20 32 many many JJ 11018 20 33 public public JJ 11018 20 34 libraries library NNS 11018 20 35 responded respond VBD 11018 20 36 to to IN 11018 20 37 the the DT 11018 20 38 hurricane hurricane NN 11018 20 39 by by IN 11018 20 40 sharing share VBG 11018 20 41 available available JJ 11018 20 42 resources resource NNS 11018 20 43 and and CC 11018 20 44 services service NNS 11018 20 45 with with IN 11018 20 46 patrons patron NNS 11018 20 47 . . . 11018 21 1 However however RB 11018 21 2 , , , 11018 21 3 few few JJ 11018 21 4 studies study NNS 11018 21 5 explicitly explicitly RB 11018 21 6 examine examine VBP 11018 21 7 the the DT 11018 21 8 use use NN 11018 21 9 of of IN 11018 21 10 social social JJ 11018 21 11 media medium NNS 11018 21 12 as as IN 11018 21 13 a a DT 11018 21 14 library library NN 11018 21 15 tool tool NN 11018 21 16 to to TO 11018 21 17 support support VB 11018 21 18 their -PRON- PRP$ 11018 21 19 community community NN 11018 21 20 . . . 11018 22 1 This this DT 11018 22 2 paper paper NN 11018 22 3 explores explore VBZ 11018 22 4 the the DT 11018 22 5 role role NN 11018 22 6 of of IN 11018 22 7 social social JJ 11018 22 8 media medium NNS 11018 22 9 and and CC 11018 22 10 its -PRON- PRP$ 11018 22 11 impact impact NN 11018 22 12 on on IN 11018 22 13 public public JJ 11018 22 14 library library NN 11018 22 15 services service NNS 11018 22 16 in in IN 11018 22 17 response response NN 11018 22 18 to to IN 11018 22 19 Hurricane Hurricane NNP 11018 22 20 Sandy Sandy NNP 11018 22 21 as as IN 11018 22 22 a a DT 11018 22 23 measure measure NN 11018 22 24 of of IN 11018 22 25 libraries library NNS 11018 22 26 using use VBG 11018 22 27 digital digital JJ 11018 22 28 mediums medium NNS 11018 22 29 to to TO 11018 22 30 support support VB 11018 22 31 their -PRON- PRP$ 11018 22 32 communities community NNS 11018 22 33 . . . 11018 23 1 Using use VBG 11018 23 2 Twitter Twitter NNP 11018 23 3 posts post NNS 11018 23 4 from from IN 11018 23 5 three three CD 11018 23 6 separate separate JJ 11018 23 7 public public JJ 11018 23 8 libraries library NNS 11018 23 9 impacted impact VBN 11018 23 10 by by IN 11018 23 11 the the DT 11018 23 12 hurricane hurricane NN 11018 23 13 , , , 11018 23 14 their -PRON- PRP$ 11018 23 15 content content NN 11018 23 16 is be VBZ 11018 23 17 analyzed analyze VBN 11018 23 18 and and CC 11018 23 19 compared compare VBN 11018 23 20 to to IN 11018 23 21 reported report VBN 11018 23 22 library library JJ 11018 23 23 services service NNS 11018 23 24 after after IN 11018 23 25 the the DT 11018 23 26 storm storm NN 11018 23 27 . . . 11018 24 1 The the DT 11018 24 2 analysis analysis NN 11018 24 3 will will MD 11018 24 4 then then RB 11018 24 5 be be VB 11018 24 6 used use VBN 11018 24 7 to to TO 11018 24 8 discuss discuss VB 11018 24 9 the the DT 11018 24 10 use use NN 11018 24 11 of of IN 11018 24 12 social social JJ 11018 24 13 media medium NNS 11018 24 14 as as IN 11018 24 15 a a DT 11018 24 16 library library NN 11018 24 17 tool tool NN 11018 24 18 and and CC 11018 24 19 recommendations recommendation NNS 11018 24 20 for for IN 11018 24 21 social social JJ 11018 24 22 media medium NNS 11018 24 23 implementation implementation NN 11018 24 24 in in IN 11018 24 25 future future JJ 11018 24 26 disaster disaster NN 11018 24 27 response response NN 11018 24 28 . . . 11018 25 1 BACKGROUND BACKGROUND NNP 11018 25 2 INFORMATION INFORMATION VBD 11018 25 3 Library library JJ 11018 25 4 Response Response NNP 11018 25 5 to to IN 11018 25 6 Disasters disaster NNS 11018 25 7 According accord VBG 11018 25 8 to to IN 11018 25 9 the the DT 11018 25 10 Institute Institute NNP 11018 25 11 of of IN 11018 25 12 Museum Museum NNP 11018 25 13 and and CC 11018 25 14 Library Library NNP 11018 25 15 Services Services NNP 11018 25 16 ’ ’ POS 11018 25 17 Public Public NNP 11018 25 18 Library Library NNP 11018 25 19 Data Data NNP 11018 25 20 from from IN 11018 25 21 2009 2009 CD 11018 25 22 to to IN 11018 25 23 2011 2011 CD 11018 25 24 , , , 11018 25 25 over over IN 11018 25 26 half half NN 11018 25 27 of of IN 11018 25 28 all all DT 11018 25 29 public public JJ 11018 25 30 libraries library NNS 11018 25 31 are be VBP 11018 25 32 located locate VBN 11018 25 33 within within IN 11018 25 34 declared declare VBN 11018 25 35 “ " `` 11018 25 36 disaster disaster NN 11018 25 37 counties county NNS 11018 25 38 . . . 11018 25 39 ”5 ”5 '' 11018 25 40 This this DT 11018 25 41 value value NN 11018 25 42 implicates implicate VBZ 11018 25 43 disaster disaster NN 11018 25 44 response response NN 11018 25 45 as as IN 11018 25 46 an an DT 11018 25 47 important important JJ 11018 25 48 topic topic NN 11018 25 49 within within IN 11018 25 50 public public JJ 11018 25 51 librarianship librarianship NN 11018 25 52 discourse discourse NN 11018 25 53 . . . 11018 26 1 In in IN 11018 26 2 addition addition NN 11018 26 3 to to IN 11018 26 4 assessing assess VBG 11018 26 5 damages damage NNS 11018 26 6 to to IN 11018 26 7 buildings building NNS 11018 26 8 and and CC 11018 26 9 collections collection NNS 11018 26 10 , , , 11018 26 11 libraries library NNS 11018 26 12 must must MD 11018 26 13 also also RB 11018 26 14 meet meet VB 11018 26 15 the the DT 11018 26 16 needs need NNS 11018 26 17 of of IN 11018 26 18 its -PRON- PRP$ 11018 26 19 community community NN 11018 26 20 . . . 11018 27 1 Information information NN 11018 27 2 needs need NNS 11018 27 3 are be VBP 11018 27 4 heightened heighten VBN 11018 27 5 after after IN 11018 27 6 a a DT 11018 27 7 disaster disaster NN 11018 27 8 , , , 11018 27 9 as as IN 11018 27 10 the the DT 11018 27 11 destruction destruction NN 11018 27 12 results result VBZ 11018 27 13 in in IN 11018 27 14 information information NN 11018 27 15 uncertainty uncertainty NN 11018 27 16 and and CC 11018 27 17 loss loss NN 11018 27 18 of of IN 11018 27 19 important important JJ 11018 27 20 resources resource NNS 11018 27 21 such such JJ 11018 27 22 as as IN 11018 27 23 power power NN 11018 27 24 and and CC 11018 27 25 telecommunication telecommunication NN 11018 27 26 services.6 services.6 NNP 11018 27 27 Consistent consistent JJ 11018 27 28 and and CC 11018 27 29 increased increase VBN 11018 27 30 use use NN 11018 27 31 of of IN 11018 27 32 public public JJ 11018 27 33 libraries library NNS 11018 27 34 is be VBZ 11018 27 35 not not RB 11018 27 36 unusual unusual JJ 11018 27 37 post post NN 11018 27 38 - - NN 11018 27 39 disaster disaster NN 11018 27 40 . . . 11018 28 1 For for IN 11018 28 2 example example NN 11018 28 3 , , , 11018 28 4 despite despite IN 11018 28 5 35 35 CD 11018 28 6 percent percent NN 11018 28 7 of of IN 11018 28 8 Louisiana Louisiana NNP 11018 28 9 libraries library NNS 11018 28 10 being be VBG 11018 28 11 closed close VBN 11018 28 12 after after IN 11018 28 13 Hurricane Hurricane NNP 11018 28 14 Katrina Katrina NNP 11018 28 15 in in IN 11018 28 16 2004 2004 CD 11018 28 17 , , , 11018 28 18 a a DT 11018 28 19 study study NN 11018 28 20 found find VBD 11018 28 21 that that IN 11018 28 22 overall overall JJ 11018 28 23 library library NN 11018 28 24 visitor visitor NN 11018 28 25 counts count VBZ 11018 28 26 only only RB 11018 28 27 decreased decrease VBD 11018 28 28 by by IN 11018 28 29 1 1 CD 11018 28 30 percent.7 percent.7 CD 11018 28 31 Frequent frequent JJ 11018 28 32 use use NN 11018 28 33 of of IN 11018 28 34 library library JJ 11018 28 35 resources resource NNS 11018 28 36 after after IN 11018 28 37 a a DT 11018 28 38 disaster disaster NN 11018 28 39 can can MD 11018 28 40 be be VB 11018 28 41 attributed attribute VBN 11018 28 42 to to IN 11018 28 43 the the DT 11018 28 44 library library NN 11018 28 45 ’s ’s POS 11018 28 46 free free JJ 11018 28 47 and and CC 11018 28 48 low low JJ 11018 28 49 - - HYPH 11018 28 50 cost cost NN 11018 28 51 resources resource NNS 11018 28 52 , , , 11018 28 53 as as RB 11018 28 54 well well RB 11018 28 55 as as IN 11018 28 56 the the DT 11018 28 57 institution institution NN 11018 28 58 ’s ’s POS 11018 28 59 reputation reputation NN 11018 28 60 as as IN 11018 28 61 a a DT 11018 28 62 source source NN 11018 28 63 for for IN 11018 28 64 reliable reliable JJ 11018 28 65 and and CC 11018 28 66 credible credible JJ 11018 28 67 information.8 information.8 CD 11018 28 68 Libraries library NNS 11018 28 69 also also RB 11018 28 70 extend extend VBP 11018 28 71 their -PRON- PRP$ 11018 28 72 resources resource NNS 11018 28 73 and and CC 11018 28 74 services service NNS 11018 28 75 beyond beyond IN 11018 28 76 their -PRON- PRP$ 11018 28 77 walls wall NNS 11018 28 78 . . . 11018 29 1 Library library JJ 11018 29 2 bookmobiles bookmobile NNS 11018 29 3 and and CC 11018 29 4 delivery delivery NN 11018 29 5 programs program NNS 11018 29 6 provide provide VBP 11018 29 7 services service NNS 11018 29 8 to to IN 11018 29 9 those those DT 11018 29 10 who who WP 11018 29 11 are be VBP 11018 29 12 unable unable JJ 11018 29 13 to to TO 11018 29 14 physically physically RB 11018 29 15 visit visit VB 11018 29 16 the the DT 11018 29 17 library library NN 11018 29 18 . . . 11018 30 1 Some some DT 11018 30 2 libraries library NNS 11018 30 3 use use VBP 11018 30 4 their -PRON- PRP$ 11018 30 5 skills skill NNS 11018 30 6 in in IN 11018 30 7 information information NN 11018 30 8 management management NN 11018 30 9 and and CC 11018 30 10 communication communication NN 11018 30 11 to to TO 11018 30 12 assist assist VB 11018 30 13 local local JJ 11018 30 14 disaster disaster NN 11018 30 15 preparedness preparedness NN 11018 30 16 groups group NNS 11018 30 17 and and CC 11018 30 18 response response VB 11018 30 19 teams.9 teams.9 NNP 11018 30 20 In in IN 11018 30 21 2011 2011 CD 11018 30 22 , , , 11018 30 23 the the DT 11018 30 24 Federal Federal NNP 11018 30 25 Emergency Emergency NNP 11018 30 26 Management Management NNP 11018 30 27 Agency Agency NNP 11018 30 28 ( ( -LRB- 11018 30 29 FEMA FEMA NNP 11018 30 30 ) ) -RRB- 11018 30 31 declared declare VBD 11018 30 32 public public JJ 11018 30 33 libraries library NNS 11018 30 34 eligible eligible JJ 11018 30 35 for for IN 11018 30 36 temporary temporary JJ 11018 30 37 relocation relocation NN 11018 30 38 funds fund NNS 11018 30 39 in in IN 11018 30 40 the the DT 11018 30 41 event event NN 11018 30 42 of of IN 11018 30 43 an an DT 11018 30 44 emergency emergency NN 11018 30 45 , , , 11018 30 46 a a DT 11018 30 47 distinction distinction NN 11018 30 48 once once RB 11018 30 49 limited limit VBN 11018 30 50 to to IN 11018 30 51 first first JJ 11018 30 52 responders responder NNS 11018 30 53 , , , 11018 30 54 hospitals hospital NNS 11018 30 55 , , , 11018 30 56 utilities utility NNS 11018 30 57 , , , 11018 30 58 and and CC 11018 30 59 schools.10 schools.10 NNP 11018 30 60 Former Former NNP 11018 30 61 Executive Executive NNP 11018 30 62 Director Director NNP 11018 30 63 of of IN 11018 30 64 the the DT 11018 30 65 American American NNP 11018 30 66 Library Library NNP 11018 30 67 Association Association NNP 11018 30 68 ’s ’s , 11018 30 69 ( ( -LRB- 11018 30 70 ALA ALA NNP 11018 30 71 ) ) -RRB- 11018 30 72 Washington Washington NNP 11018 30 73 Office Office NNP 11018 30 74 , , , 11018 30 75 Emily Emily NNP 11018 30 76 Sheketoff Sheketoff NNP 11018 30 77 , , , 11018 30 78 stated state VBD 11018 30 79 such such PDT 11018 30 80 a a DT 11018 30 81 distinction distinction NN 11018 30 82 recognizes recognize VBZ 11018 30 83 libraries library NNS 11018 30 84 as as IN 11018 30 85 “ " `` 11018 30 86 essential essential JJ 11018 30 87 community community NN 11018 30 88 organizations organization NNS 11018 30 89 . . . 11018 30 90 ”11 ”11 NNP 11018 30 91 In in IN 11018 30 92 context context NN 11018 30 93 with with IN 11018 30 94 Jaeger Jaeger NNP 11018 30 95 ’s ’s POS 11018 30 96 interventionist interventionist JJ 11018 30 97 period period NN 11018 30 98 , , , 11018 30 99 it -PRON- PRP 11018 30 100 benefits benefit VBZ 11018 30 101 libraries library NNS 11018 30 102 and and CC 11018 30 103 government government NN 11018 30 104 agencies agency NNS 11018 30 105 alike alike RB 11018 30 106 to to TO 11018 30 107 have have VB 11018 30 108 libraries library NNS 11018 30 109 open open JJ 11018 30 110 to to TO 11018 30 111 serve serve VB 11018 30 112 communities community NNS 11018 30 113 after after IN 11018 30 114 a a DT 11018 30 115 disaster disaster NN 11018 30 116 . . . 11018 31 1 INFORMATION INFORMATION NNP 11018 31 2 TECHNOLOGY technology NN 11018 31 3 AND and CC 11018 31 4 LIBRARIES LIBRARIES NNP 11018 31 5 | | NNP 11018 31 6 JUNE JUNE NNP 11018 31 7 2019 2019 CD 11018 31 8 39 39 CD 11018 31 9 In in IN 11018 31 10 the the DT 11018 31 11 aftermath aftermath NN 11018 31 12 of of IN 11018 31 13 Hurricane Hurricane NNP 11018 31 14 Sandy Sandy NNP 11018 31 15 , , , 11018 31 16 communities community NNS 11018 31 17 suffered suffer VBD 11018 31 18 from from IN 11018 31 19 varying vary VBG 11018 31 20 degrees degree NNS 11018 31 21 of of IN 11018 31 22 damage damage NN 11018 31 23 , , , 11018 31 24 such such JJ 11018 31 25 as as IN 11018 31 26 flooding flooding NN 11018 31 27 , , , 11018 31 28 power power NN 11018 31 29 outages outage NNS 11018 31 30 , , , 11018 31 31 debris debris NN 11018 31 32 , , , 11018 31 33 and and CC 11018 31 34 downed down VBD 11018 31 35 trees.12 trees.12 NNP 11018 31 36 The the DT 11018 31 37 impact impact NN 11018 31 38 of of IN 11018 31 39 the the DT 11018 31 40 storm storm NN 11018 31 41 drove drive VBD 11018 31 42 many many JJ 11018 31 43 community community NN 11018 31 44 members member NNS 11018 31 45 to to IN 11018 31 46 their -PRON- PRP$ 11018 31 47 local local JJ 11018 31 48 libraries library NNS 11018 31 49 to to TO 11018 31 50 seek seek VB 11018 31 51 shelter shelter NN 11018 31 52 , , , 11018 31 53 charge charge VB 11018 31 54 their -PRON- PRP$ 11018 31 55 electronics electronic NNS 11018 31 56 , , , 11018 31 57 file file NN 11018 31 58 insurance insurance NN 11018 31 59 claims claim NNS 11018 31 60 and and CC 11018 31 61 other other JJ 11018 31 62 e e NN 11018 31 63 - - NN 11018 31 64 government government NN 11018 31 65 forms form NNS 11018 31 66 , , , 11018 31 67 drop drop VB 11018 31 68 off off RP 11018 31 69 or or CC 11018 31 70 pick pick VB 11018 31 71 up up RP 11018 31 72 donations donation NNS 11018 31 73 , , , 11018 31 74 and and CC 11018 31 75 obtain obtain VB 11018 31 76 entertainment.13 entertainment.13 NNP 11018 31 77 Despite despite IN 11018 31 78 the the DT 11018 31 79 many many JJ 11018 31 80 stories story NNS 11018 31 81 of of IN 11018 31 82 libraries library NNS 11018 31 83 serving serve VBG 11018 31 84 disaster disaster NN 11018 31 85 victims victim NNS 11018 31 86 and and CC 11018 31 87 working work VBG 11018 31 88 with with IN 11018 31 89 first first JJ 11018 31 90 responders responder NNS 11018 31 91 , , , 11018 31 92 such such JJ 11018 31 93 actions action NNS 11018 31 94 have have VBP 11018 31 95 yet yet RB 11018 31 96 to to TO 11018 31 97 be be VB 11018 31 98 translated translate VBN 11018 31 99 into into IN 11018 31 100 widespread widespread JJ 11018 31 101 library library NN 11018 31 102 policy policy NN 11018 31 103 and and CC 11018 31 104 procedures procedure NNS 11018 31 105 . . . 11018 32 1 ALA ALA NNP 11018 32 2 provides provide VBZ 11018 32 3 a a DT 11018 32 4 “ " `` 11018 32 5 Disaster Disaster NNP 11018 32 6 Preparedness Preparedness NNP 11018 32 7 and and CC 11018 32 8 Recovery Recovery NNP 11018 32 9 ” " '' 11018 32 10 resources resource NNS 11018 32 11 webpage webpage VBP 11018 32 12 , , , 11018 32 13 but but CC 11018 32 14 it -PRON- PRP 11018 32 15 primarily primarily RB 11018 32 16 focuses focus VBZ 11018 32 17 on on IN 11018 32 18 addressing address VBG 11018 32 19 material material NN 11018 32 20 and and CC 11018 32 21 structural structural JJ 11018 32 22 needs need NNS 11018 32 23 after after IN 11018 32 24 a a DT 11018 32 25 disaster disaster NN 11018 32 26 , , , 11018 32 27 such such JJ 11018 32 28 as as IN 11018 32 29 mitigating mitigating JJ 11018 32 30 water water NN 11018 32 31 damage damage NN 11018 32 32 to to IN 11018 32 33 collections.14 collections.14 NNP 11018 32 34 Other other JJ 11018 32 35 studies study NNS 11018 32 36 also also RB 11018 32 37 note note VBP 11018 32 38 a a DT 11018 32 39 majority majority NN 11018 32 40 of of IN 11018 32 41 library library JJ 11018 32 42 disaster disaster NN 11018 32 43 response response NN 11018 32 44 literature literature NN 11018 32 45 remains remain VBZ 11018 32 46 focused focused JJ 11018 32 47 on on IN 11018 32 48 protecting protect VBG 11018 32 49 materials.15 materials.15 NNP 11018 32 50 Such such PDT 11018 32 51 a a DT 11018 32 52 limited limited JJ 11018 32 53 perspective perspective NN 11018 32 54 is be VBZ 11018 32 55 highlighted highlight VBN 11018 32 56 in in IN 11018 32 57 a a DT 11018 32 58 national national JJ 11018 32 59 survey survey NN 11018 32 60 in in IN 11018 32 61 which which WDT 11018 32 62 the the DT 11018 32 63 majority majority NN 11018 32 64 of of IN 11018 32 65 librarian librarian JJ 11018 32 66 respondents respondent NNS 11018 32 67 believed believe VBD 11018 32 68 protecting protect VBG 11018 32 69 library library NN 11018 32 70 materials material NNS 11018 32 71 and and CC 11018 32 72 performing perform VBG 11018 32 73 daily daily JJ 11018 32 74 services service NNS 11018 32 75 were be VBD 11018 32 76 their -PRON- PRP$ 11018 32 77 primary primary JJ 11018 32 78 goals goal NNS 11018 32 79 in in IN 11018 32 80 the the DT 11018 32 81 event event NN 11018 32 82 of of IN 11018 32 83 an an DT 11018 32 84 emergency.16 emergency.16 NNP 11018 32 85 As as IN 11018 32 86 a a DT 11018 32 87 result result NN 11018 32 88 , , , 11018 32 89 library library JJ 11018 32 90 communication communication NN 11018 32 91 with with IN 11018 32 92 the the DT 11018 32 93 community community NN 11018 32 94 and and CC 11018 32 95 local local JJ 11018 32 96 organizations organization NNS 11018 32 97 remains remain VBZ 11018 32 98 a a DT 11018 32 99 relatively relatively RB 11018 32 100 unexplored unexplored JJ 11018 32 101 subject subject NN 11018 32 102 in in IN 11018 32 103 context context NN 11018 32 104 with with IN 11018 32 105 disaster disaster NN 11018 32 106 response.17 response.17 NNP 11018 32 107 While while IN 11018 32 108 trade trade NN 11018 32 109 journals journal NNS 11018 32 110 and and CC 11018 32 111 websites website NNS 11018 32 112 publish publish VBP 11018 32 113 stories story NNS 11018 32 114 of of IN 11018 32 115 individual individual JJ 11018 32 116 libraries library NNS 11018 32 117 serving serve VBG 11018 32 118 their -PRON- PRP$ 11018 32 119 communities community NNS 11018 32 120 , , , 11018 32 121 formal formal JJ 11018 32 122 studies study NNS 11018 32 123 and and CC 11018 32 124 research research NN 11018 32 125 are be VBP 11018 32 126 comparatively comparatively RB 11018 32 127 scarce scarce JJ 11018 32 128 . . . 11018 33 1 With with IN 11018 33 2 the the DT 11018 33 3 widespread widespread JJ 11018 33 4 use use NN 11018 33 5 of of IN 11018 33 6 technology technology NN 11018 33 7 and and CC 11018 33 8 the the DT 11018 33 9 Internet internet NN 11018 33 10 , , , 11018 33 11 one one CD 11018 33 12 method method NN 11018 33 13 of of IN 11018 33 14 communication communication NN 11018 33 15 stands stand VBZ 11018 33 16 out out RP 11018 33 17 as as IN 11018 33 18 an an DT 11018 33 19 important important JJ 11018 33 20 tool tool NN 11018 33 21 for for IN 11018 33 22 library library JJ 11018 33 23 outreach outreach NN 11018 33 24 and and CC 11018 33 25 study study NN 11018 33 26 : : : 11018 33 27 social social JJ 11018 33 28 media medium NNS 11018 33 29 . . . 11018 34 1 Disaster disaster NN 11018 34 2 Response Response NNP 11018 34 3 through through IN 11018 34 4 Social Social NNP 11018 34 5 Media Media NNP 11018 34 6 As as IN 11018 34 7 information information NN 11018 34 8 providers provider NNS 11018 34 9 and and CC 11018 34 10 advocates advocate NNS 11018 34 11 of of IN 11018 34 12 communication communication NN 11018 34 13 technology technology NN 11018 34 14 , , , 11018 34 15 libraries library NNS 11018 34 16 should should MD 11018 34 17 use use VB 11018 34 18 social social JJ 11018 34 19 media medium NNS 11018 34 20 to to TO 11018 34 21 connect connect VB 11018 34 22 with with IN 11018 34 23 their -PRON- PRP$ 11018 34 24 communities community NNS 11018 34 25 . . . 11018 35 1 Although although IN 11018 35 2 libraries library NNS 11018 35 3 were be VBD 11018 35 4 early early JJ 11018 35 5 adopters adopter NNS 11018 35 6 of of IN 11018 35 7 social social JJ 11018 35 8 media medium NNS 11018 35 9 prior prior RB 11018 35 10 to to IN 11018 35 11 Hurricane Hurricane NNP 11018 35 12 Sandy Sandy NNP 11018 35 13 , , , 11018 35 14 their -PRON- PRP$ 11018 35 15 use use NN 11018 35 16 of of IN 11018 35 17 these these DT 11018 35 18 tools tool NNS 11018 35 19 tends tend VBZ 11018 35 20 to to TO 11018 35 21 focus focus VB 11018 35 22 on on IN 11018 35 23 one one CD 11018 35 24 - - HYPH 11018 35 25 way way NN 11018 35 26 information information NN 11018 35 27 sharing sharing NN 11018 35 28 instead instead RB 11018 35 29 of of IN 11018 35 30 a a DT 11018 35 31 dialogue dialogue NN 11018 35 32 with with IN 11018 35 33 their -PRON- PRP$ 11018 35 34 community.18 community.18 NNP 11018 35 35 Social social JJ 11018 35 36 media medium NNS 11018 35 37 in in IN 11018 35 38 context context NN 11018 35 39 of of IN 11018 35 40 disaster disaster NN 11018 35 41 response response NN 11018 35 42 may may MD 11018 35 43 upend upend VB 11018 35 44 traditional traditional JJ 11018 35 45 library library JJ 11018 35 46 social social JJ 11018 35 47 media medium NNS 11018 35 48 use use NN 11018 35 49 , , , 11018 35 50 which which WDT 11018 35 51 is be VBZ 11018 35 52 why why WRB 11018 35 53 this this DT 11018 35 54 topic topic NN 11018 35 55 needs need VBZ 11018 35 56 further further JJ 11018 35 57 examination examination NN 11018 35 58 . . . 11018 36 1 Social social JJ 11018 36 2 media medium NNS 11018 36 3 coupled couple VBN 11018 36 4 with with IN 11018 36 5 mobile mobile JJ 11018 36 6 technology technology NN 11018 36 7 has have VBZ 11018 36 8 created create VBN 11018 36 9 a a DT 11018 36 10 society society NN 11018 36 11 in in IN 11018 36 12 which which WDT 11018 36 13 information information NN 11018 36 14 sharing sharing NN 11018 36 15 and and CC 11018 36 16 communication communication NN 11018 36 17 are be VBP 11018 36 18 constant constant JJ 11018 36 19 and and CC 11018 36 20 instantaneous.19 instantaneous.19 NNP 11018 36 21 Since since IN 11018 36 22 social social JJ 11018 36 23 networking networking NN 11018 36 24 is be VBZ 11018 36 25 a a DT 11018 36 26 relatively relatively RB 11018 36 27 new new JJ 11018 36 28 form form NN 11018 36 29 of of IN 11018 36 30 media medium NNS 11018 36 31 , , , 11018 36 32 formal formal JJ 11018 36 33 studies study NNS 11018 36 34 on on IN 11018 36 35 its -PRON- PRP$ 11018 36 36 impact impact NN 11018 36 37 on on IN 11018 36 38 social social JJ 11018 36 39 behaviors behavior NNS 11018 36 40 have have VBP 11018 36 41 only only RB 11018 36 42 come come VBN 11018 36 43 about about RP 11018 36 44 in in IN 11018 36 45 the the DT 11018 36 46 last last JJ 11018 36 47 decade.20 decade.20 NNP 11018 36 48 Within within IN 11018 36 49 this this DT 11018 36 50 young young JJ 11018 36 51 body body NN 11018 36 52 of of IN 11018 36 53 literature literature NN 11018 36 54 , , , 11018 36 55 however however RB 11018 36 56 , , , 11018 36 57 social social JJ 11018 36 58 media medium NNS 11018 36 59 use use VBP 11018 36 60 in in IN 11018 36 61 disaster disaster NN 11018 36 62 response response NN 11018 36 63 and and CC 11018 36 64 recovery recovery NN 11018 36 65 is be VBZ 11018 36 66 a a DT 11018 36 67 popular popular JJ 11018 36 68 topic topic NN 11018 36 69 for for IN 11018 36 70 researchers researcher NNS 11018 36 71 , , , 11018 36 72 organizations organization NNS 11018 36 73 , , , 11018 36 74 and and CC 11018 36 75 federal federal JJ 11018 36 76 agencies.21 agencies.21 NNP 11018 36 77 Alexander Alexander NNP 11018 36 78 claims claim VBZ 11018 36 79 that that IN 11018 36 80 social social JJ 11018 36 81 media medium NNS 11018 36 82 provides provide VBZ 11018 36 83 the the DT 11018 36 84 following follow VBG 11018 36 85 benefits benefit NNS 11018 36 86 during during IN 11018 36 87 disaster disaster NN 11018 36 88 response response NN 11018 36 89 : : : 11018 36 90 • • NNP 11018 36 91 Provides provide VBZ 11018 36 92 an an DT 11018 36 93 outlet outlet NN 11018 36 94 to to TO 11018 36 95 listen listen VB 11018 36 96 and and CC 11018 36 97 share share VB 11018 36 98 thoughts thought NNS 11018 36 99 , , , 11018 36 100 emotions emotion NNS 11018 36 101 , , , 11018 36 102 opinions opinion NNS 11018 36 103 ; ; : 11018 36 104 • • VB 11018 36 105 Monitors monitor VBZ 11018 36 106 a a DT 11018 36 107 situation situation NN 11018 36 108 ; ; : 11018 36 109 • • NNP 11018 36 110 Integrates integrate VBZ 11018 36 111 social social JJ 11018 36 112 media medium NNS 11018 36 113 into into IN 11018 36 114 emergency emergency NN 11018 36 115 plans plan NNS 11018 36 116 ; ; : 11018 36 117 • • NN 11018 36 118 Crowdsources crowdsource NNS 11018 36 119 information information NN 11018 36 120 ; ; : 11018 36 121 • • NNP 11018 36 122 Creates create VBZ 11018 36 123 social social JJ 11018 36 124 cohesion cohesion NN 11018 36 125 and and CC 11018 36 126 promoting promote VBG 11018 36 127 therapeutic therapeutic JJ 11018 36 128 initiatives initiative NNS 11018 36 129 ; ; : 11018 36 130 • • NNP 11018 36 131 Furthers Furthers NNP 11018 36 132 causes cause VBZ 11018 36 133 ; ; : 11018 36 134 and and CC 11018 36 135 • • NNP 11018 36 136 Creates Creates NNPS 11018 36 137 research research NN 11018 36 138 data.22 data.22 NNP 11018 36 139 Such such PDT 11018 36 140 a a DT 11018 36 141 comprehensive comprehensive JJ 11018 36 142 list list NN 11018 36 143 is be VBZ 11018 36 144 beneficial beneficial JJ 11018 36 145 to to IN 11018 36 146 this this DT 11018 36 147 study study NN 11018 36 148 because because IN 11018 36 149 it -PRON- PRP 11018 36 150 provides provide VBZ 11018 36 151 a a DT 11018 36 152 framework framework NN 11018 36 153 through through IN 11018 36 154 which which WDT 11018 36 155 library library JJ 11018 36 156 social social JJ 11018 36 157 media medium NNS 11018 36 158 use use NN 11018 36 159 can can MD 11018 36 160 be be VB 11018 36 161 examined examine VBN 11018 36 162 . . . 11018 37 1 These these DT 11018 37 2 benefits benefit NNS 11018 37 3 stem stem VBP 11018 37 4 from from IN 11018 37 5 the the DT 11018 37 6 sharing sharing NN 11018 37 7 of of IN 11018 37 8 information information NN 11018 37 9 with with IN 11018 37 10 people people NNS 11018 37 11 or or CC 11018 37 12 entities entity NNS 11018 37 13 , , , 11018 37 14 which which WDT 11018 37 15 is be VBZ 11018 37 16 a a DT 11018 37 17 large large JJ 11018 37 18 component component NN 11018 37 19 of of IN 11018 37 20 library library JJ 11018 37 21 disaster disaster NN 11018 37 22 response response NN 11018 37 23 , , , 11018 37 24 as as IN 11018 37 25 discussed discuss VBN 11018 37 26 in in IN 11018 37 27 the the DT 11018 37 28 previous previous JJ 11018 37 29 section section NN 11018 37 30 . . . 11018 38 1 Using use VBG 11018 38 2 Alexander Alexander NNP 11018 38 3 ’s ’s POS 11018 38 4 list list NN 11018 38 5 as as IN 11018 38 6 a a DT 11018 38 7 reference reference NN 11018 38 8 , , , 11018 38 9 the the DT 11018 38 10 three three CD 11018 38 11 main main JJ 11018 38 12 benefits benefit NNS 11018 38 13 this this DT 11018 38 14 study study NN 11018 38 15 examines examine VBZ 11018 38 16 in in IN 11018 38 17 context context NN 11018 38 18 with with IN 11018 38 19 library library JJ 11018 38 20 disaster disaster NN 11018 38 21 response response NN 11018 38 22 are be VBP 11018 38 23 : : : 11018 38 24 WEATHERING weather VBG 11018 38 25 THE the DT 11018 38 26 TWITTER TWITTER NNP 11018 38 27 STORM storm NN 11018 38 28 | | VBD 11018 38 29 HAN HAN NNP 11018 38 30 40 40 CD 11018 38 31 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v38i2.11018 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v38i2.11018 NN 11018 38 32 1 1 CD 11018 38 33 . . . 11018 39 1 Monitors monitor NNS 11018 39 2 a a DT 11018 39 3 situation situation NN 11018 39 4 . . . 11018 40 1 A a DT 11018 40 2 survey survey NN 11018 40 3 of of IN 11018 40 4 library library JJ 11018 40 5 patrons patron NNS 11018 40 6 impacted impact VBN 11018 40 7 by by IN 11018 40 8 the the DT 11018 40 9 2015 2015 CD 11018 40 10 South South NNP 11018 40 11 Carolina Carolina NNP 11018 40 12 floods flood NNS 11018 40 13 revealed reveal VBD 11018 40 14 all all DT 11018 40 15 respondents respondent NNS 11018 40 16 used use VBD 11018 40 17 social social JJ 11018 40 18 media medium NNS 11018 40 19 to to TO 11018 40 20 learn learn VB 11018 40 21 about about IN 11018 40 22 the the DT 11018 40 23 flooding flooding NN 11018 40 24 and and CC 11018 40 25 impacted impact VBD 11018 40 26 areas.23 areas.23 NNP 11018 40 27 People People NNS 11018 40 28 now now RB 11018 40 29 frequently frequently RB 11018 40 30 use use VBP 11018 40 31 social social JJ 11018 40 32 media medium NNS 11018 40 33 to to TO 11018 40 34 get get VB 11018 40 35 updates update NNS 11018 40 36 on on IN 11018 40 37 situations situation NNS 11018 40 38 , , , 11018 40 39 whether whether IN 11018 40 40 they -PRON- PRP 11018 40 41 were be VBD 11018 40 42 directly directly RB 11018 40 43 or or CC 11018 40 44 indirectly indirectly RB 11018 40 45 impacted impact VBN 11018 40 46 by by IN 11018 40 47 the the DT 11018 40 48 natural natural JJ 11018 40 49 disaster disaster NN 11018 40 50 itself -PRON- PRP 11018 40 51 . . . 11018 41 1 Disaster disaster NN 11018 41 2 response response NN 11018 41 3 groups group NNS 11018 41 4 also also RB 11018 41 5 monitor monitor VBP 11018 41 6 social social JJ 11018 41 7 media medium NNS 11018 41 8 feeds feed VBZ 11018 41 9 to to TO 11018 41 10 assess assess VB 11018 41 11 and and CC 11018 41 12 allocate allocate VB 11018 41 13 resources resource NNS 11018 41 14 to to IN 11018 41 15 those those DT 11018 41 16 in in IN 11018 41 17 need.24 need.24 NNP 11018 41 18 Libraries Libraries NNP 11018 41 19 can can MD 11018 41 20 use use VB 11018 41 21 social social JJ 11018 41 22 media medium NNS 11018 41 23 feeds feed VBZ 11018 41 24 to to TO 11018 41 25 assess assess VB 11018 41 26 resources resource NNS 11018 41 27 and and CC 11018 41 28 services service NNS 11018 41 29 use use VBP 11018 41 30 , , , 11018 41 31 plan plan VBP 11018 41 32 outreach outreach NN 11018 41 33 opportunities opportunity NNS 11018 41 34 , , , 11018 41 35 and and CC 11018 41 36 even even RB 11018 41 37 inform inform VB 11018 41 38 the the DT 11018 41 39 public public NN 11018 41 40 about about IN 11018 41 41 its -PRON- PRP$ 11018 41 42 own own JJ 11018 41 43 status status NN 11018 41 44 during during IN 11018 41 45 the the DT 11018 41 46 disaster disaster NN 11018 41 47 . . . 11018 42 1 2 2 LS 11018 42 2 . . . 11018 43 1 Integrates integrate VBZ 11018 43 2 social social JJ 11018 43 3 media medium NNS 11018 43 4 into into IN 11018 43 5 emergency emergency NN 11018 43 6 plans plan NNS 11018 43 7 . . . 11018 44 1 Social social JJ 11018 44 2 media media NN 11018 44 3 is be VBZ 11018 44 4 a a DT 11018 44 5 low low JJ 11018 44 6 - - HYPH 11018 44 7 cost cost NN 11018 44 8 and and CC 11018 44 9 effective effective JJ 11018 44 10 way way NN 11018 44 11 to to TO 11018 44 12 coordinate coordinate VB 11018 44 13 disaster disaster NN 11018 44 14 response response NN 11018 44 15 between between IN 11018 44 16 organizations organization NNS 11018 44 17 and and CC 11018 44 18 people people NNS 11018 44 19 . . . 11018 45 1 Much much JJ 11018 45 2 like like IN 11018 45 3 bookmobiles bookmobile NNS 11018 45 4 , , , 11018 45 5 social social JJ 11018 45 6 media medium NNS 11018 45 7 serves serve VBZ 11018 45 8 as as IN 11018 45 9 outreach outreach NN 11018 45 10 for for IN 11018 45 11 librarians librarian NNS 11018 45 12 to to TO 11018 45 13 improve improve VB 11018 45 14 service service NN 11018 45 15 accessibility accessibility NN 11018 45 16 . . . 11018 46 1 Librarians librarian NNS 11018 46 2 can can MD 11018 46 3 use use VB 11018 46 4 platforms platform NNS 11018 46 5 like like IN 11018 46 6 Twitter Twitter NNP 11018 46 7 and and CC 11018 46 8 Facebook Facebook NNP 11018 46 9 to to TO 11018 46 10 help help VB 11018 46 11 coordinate coordinate VB 11018 46 12 their -PRON- PRP$ 11018 46 13 activities activity NNS 11018 46 14 and and CC 11018 46 15 services service NNS 11018 46 16 alongside alongside RB 11018 46 17 with with IN 11018 46 18 other other JJ 11018 46 19 responders responder NNS 11018 46 20 in in IN 11018 46 21 the the DT 11018 46 22 community community NN 11018 46 23 . . . 11018 47 1 Having have VBG 11018 47 2 an an DT 11018 47 3 established establish VBN 11018 47 4 plan plan NN 11018 47 5 of of IN 11018 47 6 action action NN 11018 47 7 where where WRB 11018 47 8 the the DT 11018 47 9 library library NN 11018 47 10 ’s ’s POS 11018 47 11 role role NN 11018 47 12 and and CC 11018 47 13 responsibilities responsibility NNS 11018 47 14 are be VBP 11018 47 15 clearly clearly RB 11018 47 16 outlined outline VBN 11018 47 17 will will MD 11018 47 18 result result VB 11018 47 19 in in IN 11018 47 20 more more JJR 11018 47 21 effective effective JJ 11018 47 22 service service NN 11018 47 23 and and CC 11018 47 24 efficient efficient JJ 11018 47 25 response response NN 11018 47 26 to to IN 11018 47 27 community community NN 11018 47 28 needs.25 needs.25 NNP 11018 47 29 3 3 CD 11018 47 30 . . . 11018 48 1 Creates create VBZ 11018 48 2 social social JJ 11018 48 3 cohesion cohesion NN 11018 48 4 and and CC 11018 48 5 promoting promote VBG 11018 48 6 therapeutic therapeutic JJ 11018 48 7 initiatives initiative NNS 11018 48 8 . . . 11018 49 1 In in IN 11018 49 2 alignment alignment NN 11018 49 3 with with IN 11018 49 4 the the DT 11018 49 5 library library NN 11018 49 6 ’s ’s POS 11018 49 7 mission mission NN 11018 49 8 of of IN 11018 49 9 creating create VBG 11018 49 10 and and CC 11018 49 11 serving serve VBG 11018 49 12 communities community NNS 11018 49 13 , , , 11018 49 14 social social JJ 11018 49 15 media medium NNS 11018 49 16 can can MD 11018 49 17 act act VB 11018 49 18 as as IN 11018 49 19 an an DT 11018 49 20 extra extra JJ 11018 49 21 method method NN 11018 49 22 of of IN 11018 49 23 fostering foster VBG 11018 49 24 connections connection NNS 11018 49 25 in in IN 11018 49 26 times time NNS 11018 49 27 of of IN 11018 49 28 need need NN 11018 49 29 . . . 11018 50 1 Disaster disaster NN 11018 50 2 victims victim NNS 11018 50 3 can can MD 11018 50 4 take take VB 11018 50 5 advantage advantage NN 11018 50 6 of of IN 11018 50 7 social social JJ 11018 50 8 media medium NNS 11018 50 9 ’s ’s POS 11018 50 10 speed speed NN 11018 50 11 and and CC 11018 50 12 ubiquity ubiquity NN 11018 50 13 to to TO 11018 50 14 check check VB 11018 50 15 in in RP 11018 50 16 with with IN 11018 50 17 family family NN 11018 50 18 , , , 11018 50 19 tell tell VB 11018 50 20 them -PRON- PRP 11018 50 21 they -PRON- PRP 11018 50 22 are be VBP 11018 50 23 safe safe JJ 11018 50 24 , , , 11018 50 25 and and CC 11018 50 26 participate participate VB 11018 50 27 in in IN 11018 50 28 relief relief NN 11018 50 29 efforts.26 efforts.26 NNP 11018 50 30 Social social JJ 11018 50 31 cohesion cohesion NN 11018 50 32 through through IN 11018 50 33 platforms platform NNS 11018 50 34 such such JJ 11018 50 35 as as IN 11018 50 36 Twitter Twitter NNP 11018 50 37 can can MD 11018 50 38 also also RB 11018 50 39 create create VB 11018 50 40 participatory participatory NN 11018 50 41 discourse discourse NN 11018 50 42 between between IN 11018 50 43 people people NNS 11018 50 44 and and CC 11018 50 45 organizations organization NNS 11018 50 46 . . . 11018 51 1 For for IN 11018 51 2 example example NN 11018 51 3 , , , 11018 51 4 then then RB 11018 51 5 - - HYPH 11018 51 6 FEMA FEMA NNP 11018 51 7 administrator administrator NN 11018 51 8 Chris Chris NNP 11018 51 9 Furgate Furgate NNP 11018 51 10 ’s ’s POS 11018 51 11 recommendation recommendation NN 11018 51 12 to to TO 11018 51 13 read read VB 11018 51 14 to to IN 11018 51 15 children child NNS 11018 51 16 during during IN 11018 51 17 the the DT 11018 51 18 hurricane hurricane NN 11018 51 19 prompted prompt VBD 11018 51 20 the the DT 11018 51 21 hashtag hashtag NN 11018 51 22 # # $ 11018 51 23 StormReads StormReads NNP 11018 51 24 to to TO 11018 51 25 trend trend VB 11018 51 26 on on IN 11018 51 27 Twitter Twitter NNP 11018 51 28 , , , 11018 51 29 as as IN 11018 51 30 many many JJ 11018 51 31 accounts account NNS 11018 51 32 — — : 11018 51 33 libraries library NNS 11018 51 34 included include VBD 11018 51 35 — — : 11018 51 36 shared share VBD 11018 51 37 their -PRON- PRP$ 11018 51 38 recommended recommend VBN 11018 51 39 titles.27 titles.27 NNP 11018 51 40 Library Library NNP 11018 51 41 use use NN 11018 51 42 of of IN 11018 51 43 social social JJ 11018 51 44 media medium NNS 11018 51 45 can can MD 11018 51 46 also also RB 11018 51 47 address address VB 11018 51 48 growing grow VBG 11018 51 49 concerns concern NNS 11018 51 50 about about IN 11018 51 51 rumors rumor NNS 11018 51 52 and and CC 11018 51 53 misinformation misinformation NN 11018 51 54 spread spread NN 11018 51 55 during during IN 11018 51 56 disasters.28 disasters.28 NNP 11018 51 57 As as IN 11018 51 58 providers provider NNS 11018 51 59 of of IN 11018 51 60 reliable reliable JJ 11018 51 61 and and CC 11018 51 62 accurate accurate JJ 11018 51 63 information information NN 11018 51 64 , , , 11018 51 65 libraries library NNS 11018 51 66 help help VBP 11018 51 67 establish establish VB 11018 51 68 source source NN 11018 51 69 credibility credibility NN 11018 51 70 and and CC 11018 51 71 push push VB 11018 51 72 more more RBR 11018 51 73 accurate accurate JJ 11018 51 74 resources resource NNS 11018 51 75 to to IN 11018 51 76 misinformed misinformed JJ 11018 51 77 and and CC 11018 51 78 unaware unaware JJ 11018 51 79 community community NN 11018 51 80 members member NNS 11018 51 81 . . . 11018 52 1 Although although IN 11018 52 2 there there EX 11018 52 3 is be VBZ 11018 52 4 a a DT 11018 52 5 substantial substantial JJ 11018 52 6 amount amount NN 11018 52 7 of of IN 11018 52 8 research research NN 11018 52 9 focused focus VBN 11018 52 10 on on IN 11018 52 11 libraries library NNS 11018 52 12 responding respond VBG 11018 52 13 to to IN 11018 52 14 disasters disaster NNS 11018 52 15 and and CC 11018 52 16 social social JJ 11018 52 17 media medium NNS 11018 52 18 use use NN 11018 52 19 during during IN 11018 52 20 disasters disaster NNS 11018 52 21 separately separately RB 11018 52 22 , , , 11018 52 23 there there EX 11018 52 24 is be VBZ 11018 52 25 a a DT 11018 52 26 gap gap NN 11018 52 27 in in IN 11018 52 28 library library NN 11018 52 29 science science NN 11018 52 30 literature literature NN 11018 52 31 examining examine VBG 11018 52 32 social social JJ 11018 52 33 media medium NNS 11018 52 34 as as IN 11018 52 35 a a DT 11018 52 36 method method NN 11018 52 37 of of IN 11018 52 38 library library JJ 11018 52 39 disaster disaster NN 11018 52 40 response response NN 11018 52 41 . . . 11018 53 1 Interestingly interestingly RB 11018 53 2 , , , 11018 53 3 formal formal JJ 11018 53 4 studies study NNS 11018 53 5 that that WDT 11018 53 6 mention mention VBP 11018 53 7 library library NN 11018 53 8 disaster disaster NN 11018 53 9 response response NN 11018 53 10 note note VB 11018 53 11 an an DT 11018 53 12 explicit explicit JJ 11018 53 13 absence absence NN 11018 53 14 of of IN 11018 53 15 social social JJ 11018 53 16 media medium NNS 11018 53 17 as as IN 11018 53 18 a a DT 11018 53 19 form form NN 11018 53 20 of of IN 11018 53 21 emergency emergency NN 11018 53 22 communication.29 communication.29 NNP 11018 53 23 Despite despite IN 11018 53 24 the the DT 11018 53 25 current current JJ 11018 53 26 dearth dearth NN 11018 53 27 , , , 11018 53 28 library library JJ 11018 53 29 social social JJ 11018 53 30 media medium NNS 11018 53 31 studies study NNS 11018 53 32 can can MD 11018 53 33 develop develop VB 11018 53 34 quickly quickly RB 11018 53 35 thanks thank NNS 11018 53 36 to to IN 11018 53 37 the the DT 11018 53 38 abundant abundant JJ 11018 53 39 amount amount NN 11018 53 40 of of IN 11018 53 41 data datum NNS 11018 53 42 available available JJ 11018 53 43 on on IN 11018 53 44 social social JJ 11018 53 45 media medium NNS 11018 53 46 platforms platform NNS 11018 53 47 . . . 11018 54 1 As as IN 11018 54 2 libraries library NNS 11018 54 3 continue continue VBP 11018 54 4 to to TO 11018 54 5 respond respond VB 11018 54 6 to to IN 11018 54 7 disasters disaster NNS 11018 54 8 , , , 11018 54 9 they -PRON- PRP 11018 54 10 will will MD 11018 54 11 require require VB 11018 54 12 more more RBR 11018 54 13 deliberate deliberate JJ 11018 54 14 and and CC 11018 54 15 planned planned JJ 11018 54 16 use use NN 11018 54 17 of of IN 11018 54 18 social social JJ 11018 54 19 media medium NNS 11018 54 20 as as IN 11018 54 21 a a DT 11018 54 22 communication communication NN 11018 54 23 tool tool NN 11018 54 24 . . . 11018 55 1 Such such PDT 11018 55 2 a a DT 11018 55 3 need need NN 11018 55 4 demands demand VBZ 11018 55 5 a a DT 11018 55 6 closer close JJR 11018 55 7 examination examination NN 11018 55 8 of of IN 11018 55 9 how how WRB 11018 55 10 libraries library NNS 11018 55 11 have have VBP 11018 55 12 historically historically RB 11018 55 13 used use VBN 11018 55 14 social social JJ 11018 55 15 media medium NNS 11018 55 16 during during IN 11018 55 17 disasters disaster NNS 11018 55 18 . . . 11018 56 1 CASE CASE NNP 11018 56 2 STUDIES study NNS 11018 56 3 : : : 11018 56 4 THREE three CD 11018 56 5 PUBLIC public NN 11018 56 6 LIBRARIES library NNS 11018 56 7 AND and CC 11018 56 8 TWITTER TWITTER NNP 11018 56 9 This this DT 11018 56 10 study study NN 11018 56 11 will will MD 11018 56 12 examine examine VB 11018 56 13 the the DT 11018 56 14 social social JJ 11018 56 15 media medium NNS 11018 56 16 feeds feed VBZ 11018 56 17 of of IN 11018 56 18 three three CD 11018 56 19 public public JJ 11018 56 20 libraries library NNS 11018 56 21 during during IN 11018 56 22 and and CC 11018 56 23 immediately immediately RB 11018 56 24 after after IN 11018 56 25 Hurricane Hurricane NNP 11018 56 26 Sandy Sandy NNP 11018 56 27 landed land VBD 11018 56 28 on on IN 11018 56 29 the the DT 11018 56 30 northeastern northeastern JJ 11018 56 31 coast coast NN 11018 56 32 as as IN 11018 56 33 a a DT 11018 56 34 measure measure NN 11018 56 35 of of IN 11018 56 36 social social JJ 11018 56 37 media medium NNS 11018 56 38 ’s ’s POS 11018 56 39 impact impact NN 11018 56 40 on on IN 11018 56 41 communication communication NN 11018 56 42 and and CC 11018 56 43 information information NN 11018 56 44 - - HYPH 11018 56 45 sharing sharing NN 11018 56 46 amongst amongst IN 11018 56 47 libraries library NNS 11018 56 48 , , , 11018 56 49 patrons patron NNS 11018 56 50 , , , 11018 56 51 and and CC 11018 56 52 first first JJ 11018 56 53 responders responder NNS 11018 56 54 . . . 11018 57 1 Due due IN 11018 57 2 to to IN 11018 57 3 its -PRON- PRP$ 11018 57 4 frequent frequent JJ 11018 57 5 use use NN 11018 57 6 for for IN 11018 57 7 sharing share VBG 11018 57 8 up up RB 11018 57 9 - - HYPH 11018 57 10 to to IN 11018 57 11 - - HYPH 11018 57 12 date date NN 11018 57 13 information information NN 11018 57 14 , , , 11018 57 15 Twitter Twitter NNP 11018 57 16 was be VBD 11018 57 17 the the DT 11018 57 18 selected selected JJ 11018 57 19 social social JJ 11018 57 20 media medium NNS 11018 57 21 platform platform NN 11018 57 22 to to IN 11018 57 23 study.30 study.30 NNP 11018 57 24 The the DT 11018 57 25 public public JJ 11018 57 26 library library NN 11018 57 27 systems system NNS 11018 57 28 were be VBD 11018 57 29 selected select VBN 11018 57 30 for for IN 11018 57 31 this this DT 11018 57 32 analysis analysis NN 11018 57 33 based base VBN 11018 57 34 on on IN 11018 57 35 their -PRON- PRP$ 11018 57 36 varying varying NN 11018 57 37 characteristics characteristic NNS 11018 57 38 and and CC 11018 57 39 available available JJ 11018 57 40 literature literature NN 11018 57 41 describing describe VBG 11018 57 42 their -PRON- PRP$ 11018 57 43 actions action NNS 11018 57 44 after after IN 11018 57 45 the the DT 11018 57 46 hurricane hurricane NN 11018 57 47 . . . 11018 58 1 New New NNP 11018 58 2 York York NNP 11018 58 3 INFORMATION INFORMATION VBD 11018 58 4 TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY NNP 11018 58 5 AND and CC 11018 58 6 LIBRARIES LIBRARIES NNP 11018 58 7 | | NNP 11018 58 8 JUNE JUNE NNP 11018 58 9 2019 2019 CD 11018 58 10 41 41 CD 11018 58 11 Public Public NNP 11018 58 12 Library Library NNP 11018 58 13 ( ( -LRB- 11018 58 14 NYPL NYPL NNP 11018 58 15 , , , 11018 58 16 @NYPL @NYPL NNP 11018 58 17 ) ) -RRB- 11018 58 18 , , , 11018 58 19 Princeton Princeton NNP 11018 58 20 Public Public NNP 11018 58 21 Library Library NNP 11018 58 22 ( ( -LRB- 11018 58 23 PPL PPL NNP 11018 58 24 , , , 11018 58 25 @PrincetonPL @PrincetonPL NNP 11018 58 26 ) ) -RRB- 11018 58 27 , , , 11018 58 28 and and CC 11018 58 29 Queens Queens NNP 11018 58 30 Library Library NNP 11018 58 31 ( ( -LRB- 11018 58 32 QL QL NNP 11018 58 33 , , , 11018 58 34 @QueensLibrary @QueensLibrary . 11018 58 35 ) ) -RRB- 11018 58 36 have have VBP 11018 58 37 Twitter Twitter NNP 11018 58 38 accounts account NNS 11018 58 39 that that WDT 11018 58 40 were be VBD 11018 58 41 at at RB 11018 58 42 least least RBS 11018 58 43 two two CD 11018 58 44 years year NNS 11018 58 45 old old JJ 11018 58 46 by by IN 11018 58 47 October October NNP 11018 58 48 2012 2012 CD 11018 58 49 . . . 11018 59 1 All all DT 11018 59 2 accounts account NNS 11018 59 3 were be VBD 11018 59 4 active active JJ 11018 59 5 during during IN 11018 59 6 the the DT 11018 59 7 time time NN 11018 59 8 period period NN 11018 59 9 of of IN 11018 59 10 interest interest NN 11018 59 11 , , , 11018 59 12 although although IN 11018 59 13 they -PRON- PRP 11018 59 14 were be VBD 11018 59 15 closed close VBN 11018 59 16 when when WRB 11018 59 17 Hurricane Hurricane NNP 11018 59 18 Sandy Sandy NNP 11018 59 19 landed land VBD 11018 59 20 . . . 11018 60 1 NYPL NYPL NNP 11018 60 2 and and CC 11018 60 3 QL QL NNP 11018 60 4 were be VBD 11018 60 5 closed close VBN 11018 60 6 an an DT 11018 60 7 additional additional JJ 11018 60 8 two two CD 11018 60 9 days day NNS 11018 60 10 due due JJ 11018 60 11 to to IN 11018 60 12 damages damage NNS 11018 60 13 to to IN 11018 60 14 several several JJ 11018 60 15 branch branch NN 11018 60 16 libraries.31 libraries.31 NNP 11018 60 17 These these DT 11018 60 18 library library NN 11018 60 19 systems system NNS 11018 60 20 serve serve VBP 11018 60 21 varied varied JJ 11018 60 22 communities community NNS 11018 60 23 . . . 11018 61 1 NYPL NYPL NNP 11018 61 2 and and CC 11018 61 3 QL QL NNP 11018 61 4 are be VBP 11018 61 5 urban urban JJ 11018 61 6 libraries library NNS 11018 61 7 located locate VBN 11018 61 8 in in IN 11018 61 9 New New NNP 11018 61 10 York York NNP 11018 61 11 City City NNP 11018 61 12 , , , 11018 61 13 with with IN 11018 61 14 91 91 CD 11018 61 15 and and CC 11018 61 16 62 62 CD 11018 61 17 branches branch NNS 11018 61 18 respectively respectively RB 11018 61 19 , , , 11018 61 20 and and CC 11018 61 21 PPL PPL NNP 11018 61 22 is be VBZ 11018 61 23 a a DT 11018 61 24 one one CD 11018 61 25 branch branch NN 11018 61 26 library library NN 11018 61 27 located locate VBN 11018 61 28 in in IN 11018 61 29 downtown downtown NN 11018 61 30 Princeton Princeton NNP 11018 61 31 , , , 11018 61 32 New New NNP 11018 61 33 Jersey Jersey NNP 11018 61 34 . . . 11018 62 1 The the DT 11018 62 2 larger large JJR 11018 62 3 library library NN 11018 62 4 systems system NNS 11018 62 5 reported report VBD 11018 62 6 flooding flooding NN 11018 62 7 and and CC 11018 62 8 power power NN 11018 62 9 outages outage NNS 11018 62 10 at at IN 11018 62 11 several several JJ 11018 62 12 branches branch NNS 11018 62 13 from from IN 11018 62 14 the the DT 11018 62 15 hurricane hurricane NN 11018 62 16 , , , 11018 62 17 while while IN 11018 62 18 PPL PPL NNP 11018 62 19 sustained sustain VBD 11018 62 20 no no DT 11018 62 21 structural structural JJ 11018 62 22 or or CC 11018 62 23 internal internal JJ 11018 62 24 damages.32 damages.32 NNP 11018 62 25 However however RB 11018 62 26 , , , 11018 62 27 all all DT 11018 62 28 library library NN 11018 62 29 systems system NNS 11018 62 30 were be VBD 11018 62 31 in in IN 11018 62 32 communities community NNS 11018 62 33 where where WRB 11018 62 34 large large JJ 11018 62 35 numbers number NNS 11018 62 36 of of IN 11018 62 37 households household NNS 11018 62 38 lost lose VBD 11018 62 39 electricity electricity NN 11018 62 40 and and CC 11018 62 41 Internet internet NN 11018 62 42 access access NN 11018 62 43 , , , 11018 62 44 and and CC 11018 62 45 sustained sustain VBD 11018 62 46 damages damage NNS 11018 62 47 from from IN 11018 62 48 fallen fall VBN 11018 62 49 trees tree NNS 11018 62 50 and and CC 11018 62 51 flooding.33 flooding.33 NNP 11018 62 52 The the DT 11018 62 53 library library NN 11018 62 54 systems system NNS 11018 62 55 were be VBD 11018 62 56 mentioned mention VBN 11018 62 57 in in IN 11018 62 58 news news NN 11018 62 59 reports report NNS 11018 62 60 for for IN 11018 62 61 services service NNS 11018 62 62 to to IN 11018 62 63 library library NN 11018 62 64 patrons patron NNS 11018 62 65 affected affect VBN 11018 62 66 by by IN 11018 62 67 the the DT 11018 62 68 storm storm NN 11018 62 69 , , , 11018 62 70 including include VBG 11018 62 71 providing provide VBG 11018 62 72 charging charge VBG 11018 62 73 stations station NNS 11018 62 74 for for IN 11018 62 75 electronics electronic NNS 11018 62 76 , , , 11018 62 77 helping help VBG 11018 62 78 people people NNS 11018 62 79 fill fill VB 11018 62 80 out out RP 11018 62 81 FEMA FEMA NNP 11018 62 82 insurance insurance NN 11018 62 83 forms form NNS 11018 62 84 , , , 11018 62 85 running run VBG 11018 62 86 programs program NNS 11018 62 87 for for IN 11018 62 88 children child NNS 11018 62 89 and and CC 11018 62 90 adults adult NNS 11018 62 91 , , , 11018 62 92 and and CC 11018 62 93 having have VBG 11018 62 94 public public JJ 11018 62 95 computers computer NNS 11018 62 96 and and CC 11018 62 97 wireless wireless JJ 11018 62 98 connections connection NNS 11018 62 99 to to TO 11018 62 100 access access VB 11018 62 101 the the DT 11018 62 102 Internet.34 Internet.34 . 11018 62 103 The the DT 11018 62 104 libraries library NNS 11018 62 105 ’ ' '' 11018 62 106 coupled couple VBN 11018 62 107 use use NN 11018 62 108 of of IN 11018 62 109 Twitter Twitter NNP 11018 62 110 and and CC 11018 62 111 active active JJ 11018 62 112 provision provision NN 11018 62 113 of of IN 11018 62 114 disaster disaster NN 11018 62 115 response response NN 11018 62 116 services service NNS 11018 62 117 make make VBP 11018 62 118 them -PRON- PRP 11018 62 119 ideal ideal JJ 11018 62 120 candidates candidate NNS 11018 62 121 for for IN 11018 62 122 examining examine VBG 11018 62 123 the the DT 11018 62 124 correlation correlation NN 11018 62 125 between between IN 11018 62 126 the the DT 11018 62 127 two two CD 11018 62 128 activities activity NNS 11018 62 129 . . . 11018 63 1 METHODOLOGY METHODOLOGY NNP 11018 63 2 This this DT 11018 63 3 study study NN 11018 63 4 used use VBD 11018 63 5 a a DT 11018 63 6 filtered filter VBN 11018 63 7 search search NN 11018 63 8 on on IN 11018 63 9 Twitter Twitter NNP 11018 63 10 to to TO 11018 63 11 identify identify VB 11018 63 12 tweets tweet NNS 11018 63 13 from from IN 11018 63 14 each each DT 11018 63 15 library library NN 11018 63 16 ’s ’s POS 11018 63 17 feed feed NN 11018 63 18 within within IN 11018 63 19 the the DT 11018 63 20 time time NN 11018 63 21 period period NN 11018 63 22 of of IN 11018 63 23 interest interest NN 11018 63 24 . . . 11018 64 1 Within within IN 11018 64 2 searches search NNS 11018 64 3 , , , 11018 64 4 each each DT 11018 64 5 tweet tweet NN 11018 64 6 was be VBD 11018 64 7 recorded record VBN 11018 64 8 and and CC 11018 64 9 categorized categorize VBN 11018 64 10 based base VBN 11018 64 11 on on IN 11018 64 12 content content NN 11018 64 13 and and CC 11018 64 14 message message NN 11018 64 15 format format NN 11018 64 16 . . . 11018 65 1 A a DT 11018 65 2 single single JJ 11018 65 3 tweet tweet NN 11018 65 4 could could MD 11018 65 5 have have VB 11018 65 6 more more JJR 11018 65 7 than than IN 11018 65 8 one one CD 11018 65 9 category category NN 11018 65 10 . . . 11018 66 1 Common common JJ 11018 66 2 content content NN 11018 66 3 subcategories subcategorie NNS 11018 66 4 were be VBD 11018 66 5 identified identify VBN 11018 66 6 to to TO 11018 66 7 improve improve VB 11018 66 8 analysis analysis NN 11018 66 9 . . . 11018 67 1 Defined define VBN 11018 67 2 categories category NNS 11018 67 3 are be VBP 11018 67 4 as as IN 11018 67 5 follows follow VBZ 11018 67 6 : : : 11018 67 7 • • NNP 11018 67 8 Hurricane Hurricane NNP 11018 67 9 Information information NN 11018 67 10 : : : 11018 67 11 Information information NN 11018 67 12 on on IN 11018 67 13 the the DT 11018 67 14 hurricane hurricane NN 11018 67 15 ’s ’s POS 11018 67 16 status status NN 11018 67 17 and and CC 11018 67 18 impact impact NN 11018 67 19 from from IN 11018 67 20 news news NN 11018 67 21 and and CC 11018 67 22 government government NN 11018 67 23 agencies agency NNS 11018 67 24 . . . 11018 68 1 • • NNP 11018 68 2 Library library JJ 11018 68 3 Policies policy NNS 11018 68 4 : : : 11018 68 5 Information information NN 11018 68 6 on on IN 11018 68 7 library library JJ 11018 68 8 policies policy NNS 11018 68 9 . . . 11018 69 1 • • NNP 11018 69 2 Library Library NNP 11018 69 3 Policies Policies NNPS 11018 69 4 , , , 11018 69 5 Renewals Renewals NNP 11018 69 6 / / SYM 11018 69 7 Fines Fines NNPS 11018 69 8 : : : 11018 69 9 Information information NN 11018 69 10 on on IN 11018 69 11 renewals renewal NNS 11018 69 12 and and CC 11018 69 13 fines fine NNS 11018 69 14 during during IN 11018 69 15 the the DT 11018 69 16 studied study VBN 11018 69 17 time time NN 11018 69 18 period period NN 11018 69 19 . . . 11018 70 1 • • VB 11018 70 2 Library library JJ 11018 70 3 Status status NN 11018 70 4 : : : 11018 70 5 Information information NN 11018 70 6 on on IN 11018 70 7 library library JJ 11018 70 8 branch branch NN 11018 70 9 closures closure NNS 11018 70 10 . . . 11018 71 1 • • NNP 11018 71 2 Library Library NNP 11018 71 3 Event Event NNP 11018 71 4 / / SYM 11018 71 5 Service Service NNP 11018 71 6 Related relate VBN 11018 71 7 to to IN 11018 71 8 Hurricane Hurricane NNP 11018 71 9 : : : 11018 71 10 Event event NN 11018 71 11 or or CC 11018 71 12 service service NN 11018 71 13 specifically specifically RB 11018 71 14 planned plan VBN 11018 71 15 in in IN 11018 71 16 response response NN 11018 71 17 to to IN 11018 71 18 hurricane hurricane NN 11018 71 19 . . . 11018 72 1 • • NNP 11018 72 2 Library Library NNP 11018 72 3 Event Event NNP 11018 72 4 / / SYM 11018 72 5 Service Service NNP 11018 72 6 NOT not RB 11018 72 7 Related relate VBN 11018 72 8 to to IN 11018 72 9 Hurricane Hurricane NNP 11018 72 10 : : . 11018 72 11 Regular regular JJ 11018 72 12 library library JJ 11018 72 13 programming programming NN 11018 72 14 ; ; : 11018 72 15 included include VBD 11018 72 16 event event NN 11018 72 17 / / SYM 11018 72 18 service service NN 11018 72 19 cancellations cancellation NNS 11018 72 20 as as IN 11018 72 21 an an DT 11018 72 22 indirect indirect JJ 11018 72 23 / / SYM 11018 72 24 direct direct JJ 11018 72 25 result result NN 11018 72 26 of of IN 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library NN 11018 74 11 to to IN 11018 74 12 another another DT 11018 74 13 Twitter Twitter NNP 11018 74 14 user user NN 11018 74 15 . . . 11018 75 1 • • NNP 11018 75 2 Social Social NNP 11018 75 3 Interactions Interactions NNPS 11018 75 4 : : : 11018 75 5 Non non JJ 11018 75 6 - - JJ 11018 75 7 informative informative JJ 11018 75 8 and and CC 11018 75 9 informative informative JJ 11018 75 10 tweets tweet NNS 11018 75 11 aimed aim VBN 11018 75 12 at at IN 11018 75 13 conversing converse VBG 11018 75 14 with with IN 11018 75 15 people people NNS 11018 75 16 or or CC 11018 75 17 organizations organization NNS 11018 75 18 in in IN 11018 75 19 a a DT 11018 75 20 social social JJ 11018 75 21 manner manner NN 11018 75 22 . . . 11018 76 1 Selected select VBN 11018 76 2 categories category NNS 11018 76 3 were be VBD 11018 76 4 then then RB 11018 76 5 associated associate VBN 11018 76 6 with with IN 11018 76 7 a a DT 11018 76 8 corresponding corresponding JJ 11018 76 9 benefit benefit NN 11018 76 10 from from IN 11018 76 11 three three CD 11018 76 12 of of IN 11018 76 13 Alexander Alexander NNP 11018 76 14 ’s ’s POS 11018 76 15 defined define VBN 11018 76 16 benefits benefit NNS 11018 76 17 ( ( -LRB- 11018 76 18 table table NN 11018 76 19 1).35 1).35 NNP 11018 76 20 After after IN 11018 76 21 categorizing categorize VBG 11018 76 22 , , , 11018 76 23 the the DT 11018 76 24 collected collect VBN 11018 76 25 data datum NNS 11018 76 26 was be VBD 11018 76 27 organized organize VBN 11018 76 28 for for IN 11018 76 29 analysis analysis NN 11018 76 30 and and CC 11018 76 31 comparison comparison NN 11018 76 32 . . . 11018 77 1 WEATHERING weather VBG 11018 77 2 THE the DT 11018 77 3 TWITTER TWITTER NNP 11018 77 4 STORM storm NN 11018 77 5 | | VBD 11018 77 6 HAN HAN NNS 11018 77 7 42 42 CD 11018 77 8 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v38i2.11018 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v38i2.11018 NN 11018 77 9 Table table NN 11018 77 10 1 1 CD 11018 77 11 . . . 11018 78 1 Categories category NNS 11018 78 2 organized organize VBN 11018 78 3 by by IN 11018 78 4 social social JJ 11018 78 5 media medium NNS 11018 78 6 benefits.36 benefits.36 NNP 11018 78 7 Benefit Benefit NNP 11018 78 8 Twitter Twitter NNP 11018 78 9 Content Content NNP 11018 78 10 Categories Categories NNPS 11018 78 11 Monitoring monitor VBG 11018 78 12 a a DT 11018 78 13 situation situation NN 11018 78 14 § § ADD 11018 78 15 Hurricane hurricane NN 11018 78 16 information information NN 11018 78 17 § § '' 11018 78 18 Library library JJ 11018 78 19 event event NN 11018 78 20 / / SYM 11018 78 21 service service NN 11018 78 22 related relate VBN 11018 78 23 to to IN 11018 78 24 hurricane hurricane NN 11018 78 25 § § -LRB- 11018 78 26 Replies reply NNS 11018 78 27 Integrating integrate VBG 11018 78 28 social social JJ 11018 78 29 media medium NNS 11018 78 30 into into IN 11018 78 31 emergency emergency NN 11018 78 32 plans plan NNS 11018 78 33 § § `` 11018 78 34 Library library JJ 11018 78 35 policies policy NNS 11018 78 36 § § CD 11018 78 37 Library library JJ 11018 78 38 status status NN 11018 78 39 § § -LRB- 11018 78 40 Non non JJ 11018 78 41 - - JJ 11018 78 42 library library JJ 11018 78 43 event event NN 11018 78 44 / / SYM 11018 78 45 service service NN 11018 78 46 related relate VBN 11018 78 47 to to IN 11018 78 48 hurricane hurricane NN 11018 78 49 Creating create VBG 11018 78 50 social social JJ 11018 78 51 cohesion cohesion NN 11018 78 52 and and CC 11018 78 53 promoting promote VBG 11018 78 54 therapeutic therapeutic JJ 11018 78 55 initiatives initiative NNS 11018 78 56 § § . 11018 78 57 Library library JJ 11018 78 58 event event NN 11018 78 59 / / SYM 11018 78 60 service service NN 11018 78 61 related relate VBN 11018 78 62 to to IN 11018 78 63 hurricane hurricane NN 11018 78 64 § § . 11018 78 65 Library library JJ 11018 78 66 event event NN 11018 78 67 / / SYM 11018 78 68 service service NN 11018 78 69 NOT not RB 11018 78 70 related relate VBN 11018 78 71 to to IN 11018 78 72 hurricane hurricane NN 11018 78 73 § § . 11018 78 74 Non non JJ 11018 78 75 - - JJ 11018 78 76 library library JJ 11018 78 77 event event NN 11018 78 78 / / SYM 11018 78 79 service service NN 11018 78 80 related relate VBN 11018 78 81 to to IN 11018 78 82 hurricane hurricane NN 11018 78 83 § § -LRB- 11018 78 84 Replies Replies NNP 11018 78 85 § § ADD 11018 78 86 Social social JJ 11018 78 87 interactions interaction NNS 11018 78 88 RESULTS results NN 11018 78 89 From from IN 11018 78 90 October October NNP 11018 78 91 29 29 CD 11018 78 92 - - SYM 11018 78 93 31 31 CD 11018 78 94 , , , 11018 78 95 each each DT 11018 78 96 library library NN 11018 78 97 used use VBD 11018 78 98 Twitter Twitter NNP 11018 78 99 regularly regularly RB 11018 78 100 to to TO 11018 78 101 provide provide VB 11018 78 102 information information NN 11018 78 103 or or CC 11018 78 104 to to TO 11018 78 105 communicate communicate VB 11018 78 106 with with IN 11018 78 107 library library JJ 11018 78 108 followers follower NNS 11018 78 109 . . . 11018 79 1 Tweet Tweet NNP 11018 79 2 frequencies frequency NNS 11018 79 3 were be VBD 11018 79 4 counted count VBN 11018 79 5 and and CC 11018 79 6 compared compare VBN 11018 79 7 over over IN 11018 79 8 the the DT 11018 79 9 five- five- JJ 11018 79 10 day day NN 11018 79 11 period period NN 11018 79 12 across across IN 11018 79 13 libraries library NNS 11018 79 14 ( ( -LRB- 11018 79 15 figure figure NN 11018 79 16 1 1 CD 11018 79 17 ) ) -RRB- 11018 79 18 . . . 11018 80 1 While while IN 11018 80 2 NYPL NYPL NNP 11018 80 3 and and CC 11018 80 4 QL QL NNP 11018 80 5 averaged average VBD 11018 80 6 almost almost RB 11018 80 7 11 11 CD 11018 80 8 tweets tweet NNS 11018 80 9 per per IN 11018 80 10 day day NN 11018 80 11 , , , 11018 80 12 PPL PPL NNP 11018 80 13 had have VBD 11018 80 14 nearly nearly RB 11018 80 15 double double PDT 11018 80 16 their -PRON- PRP$ 11018 80 17 numbers number NNS 11018 80 18 , , , 11018 80 19 at at IN 11018 80 20 about about RB 11018 80 21 18 18 CD 11018 80 22 tweets tweet NNS 11018 80 23 per per IN 11018 80 24 day day NN 11018 80 25 . . . 11018 81 1 NYPL NYPL NNP 11018 81 2 and and CC 11018 81 3 QL QL NNP 11018 81 4 had have VBD 11018 81 5 a a DT 11018 81 6 generally generally RB 11018 81 7 increasing increase VBG 11018 81 8 trendline trendline NN 11018 81 9 in in IN 11018 81 10 tweets tweet NNS 11018 81 11 , , , 11018 81 12 while while IN 11018 81 13 PPL PPL NNP 11018 81 14 ’s ’s , 11018 81 15 Twitter Twitter NNP 11018 81 16 use use NN 11018 81 17 fluctuated fluctuate VBN 11018 81 18 greatly greatly RB 11018 81 19 . . . 11018 82 1 NYPL NYPL NNP 11018 82 2 and and CC 11018 82 3 QL QL NNP 11018 82 4 ’s ’s CD 11018 82 5 low low JJ 11018 82 6 tweet tweet NN 11018 82 7 count count NN 11018 82 8 during during IN 11018 82 9 the the DT 11018 82 10 studied study VBN 11018 82 11 time time NN 11018 82 12 frame frame NN 11018 82 13 may may MD 11018 82 14 be be VB 11018 82 15 attributed attribute VBN 11018 82 16 to to IN 11018 82 17 library library NN 11018 82 18 - - HYPH 11018 82 19 wide wide JJ 11018 82 20 closures closure NNS 11018 82 21 , , , 11018 82 22 although although IN 11018 82 23 only only JJ 11018 82 24 QL QL NNP 11018 82 25 ’s ’s POS 11018 82 26 tweet tweet NN 11018 82 27 count count NN 11018 82 28 increased increase VBD 11018 82 29 significantly significantly RB 11018 82 30 upon upon IN 11018 82 31 reopening reopen VBG 11018 82 32 . . . 11018 83 1 Figure figure NN 11018 83 2 1 1 CD 11018 83 3 . . . 11018 84 1 Number number NN 11018 84 2 of of IN 11018 84 3 tweets tweet NNS 11018 84 4 per per IN 11018 84 5 day day NN 11018 84 6 by by IN 11018 84 7 library library NN 11018 84 8 . . . 11018 85 1 Content content JJ 11018 85 2 analysis analysis NN 11018 85 3 illustrated illustrate VBN 11018 85 4 variations variation NNS 11018 85 5 in in IN 11018 85 6 Twitter Twitter NNP 11018 85 7 use use VBP 11018 85 8 across across RB 11018 85 9 all all DT 11018 85 10 three three CD 11018 85 11 libraries library NNS 11018 85 12 ( ( -LRB- 11018 85 13 figure figure NN 11018 85 14 2 2 CD 11018 85 15 ) ) -RRB- 11018 85 16 . . . 11018 86 1 NYPL NYPL NNP 11018 86 2 tweeted tweet VBD 11018 86 3 the the DT 11018 86 4 most most JJS 11018 86 5 about about IN 11018 86 6 their -PRON- PRP$ 11018 86 7 library library NN 11018 86 8 status status NN 11018 86 9 and and CC 11018 86 10 renewal renewal NN 11018 86 11 / / SYM 11018 86 12 fine fine JJ 11018 86 13 policy policy NN 11018 86 14 , , , 11018 86 15 with with IN 11018 86 16 21 21 CD 11018 86 17 and and CC 11018 86 18 17 17 CD 11018 86 19 tweets tweet NNS 11018 86 20 , , , 11018 86 21 INFORMATION INFORMATION VBD 11018 86 22 TECHNOLOGY technology NN 11018 86 23 AND and CC 11018 86 24 LIBRARIES LIBRARIES NNP 11018 86 25 | | NNP 11018 86 26 JUNE JUNE NNP 11018 86 27 2019 2019 CD 11018 86 28 43 43 CD 11018 86 29 respectively respectively RB 11018 86 30 . . . 11018 87 1 PPL PPL NNP 11018 87 2 focused focus VBD 11018 87 3 more more RBR 11018 87 4 on on IN 11018 87 5 advertising advertise VBG 11018 87 6 library library NN 11018 87 7 events event NNS 11018 87 8 and and CC 11018 87 9 services service NNS 11018 87 10 such such JJ 11018 87 11 as as IN 11018 87 12 electrical electrical JJ 11018 87 13 outlets outlet NNS 11018 87 14 , , , 11018 87 15 heat heat NN 11018 87 16 , , , 11018 87 17 Internet internet NN 11018 87 18 , , , 11018 87 19 and and CC 11018 87 20 entertainment entertainment NN 11018 87 21 . . . 11018 88 1 They -PRON- PRP 11018 88 2 also also RB 11018 88 3 used use VBD 11018 88 4 Twitter Twitter NNP 11018 88 5 heavily heavily RB 11018 88 6 for for IN 11018 88 7 social social JJ 11018 88 8 interactions interaction NNS 11018 88 9 , , , 11018 88 10 35 35 CD 11018 88 11 percent percent NN 11018 88 12 of of IN 11018 88 13 PPL PPL NNP 11018 88 14 ’s ’s NNP 11018 88 15 112 112 CD 11018 88 16 tweets tweet NNS 11018 88 17 , , , 11018 88 18 including include VBG 11018 88 19 asking ask VBG 11018 88 20 questions question NNS 11018 88 21 , , , 11018 88 22 recommending recommend VBG 11018 88 23 books book NNS 11018 88 24 , , , 11018 88 25 thanking thank VBG 11018 88 26 concerned concerned JJ 11018 88 27 patrons patron NNS 11018 88 28 , , , 11018 88 29 and and CC 11018 88 30 even even RB 11018 88 31 apologizing apologize VBG 11018 88 32 for for IN 11018 88 33 retweeting retweete VBG 11018 88 34 too too RB 11018 88 35 many many JJ 11018 88 36 news news NN 11018 88 37 articles article NNS 11018 88 38 about about IN 11018 88 39 the the DT 11018 88 40 hurricane hurricane NN 11018 88 41 . . . 11018 89 1 QL QL NNP 11018 89 2 ’s ’s , 11018 89 3 Twitter Twitter NNP 11018 89 4 use use NN 11018 89 5 was be VBD 11018 89 6 more more JJR 11018 89 7 of of IN 11018 89 8 a a DT 11018 89 9 mix mix NN 11018 89 10 , , , 11018 89 11 often often RB 11018 89 12 posting post VBG 11018 89 13 about about IN 11018 89 14 library library NN 11018 89 15 status status NN 11018 89 16 and and CC 11018 89 17 socially socially RB 11018 89 18 interacting interact VBG 11018 89 19 with with IN 11018 89 20 other other JJ 11018 89 21 Twitter Twitter NNP 11018 89 22 users user NNS 11018 89 23 . . . 11018 90 1 Figure figure NN 11018 90 2 2 2 CD 11018 90 3 . . . 11018 91 1 Twitter twitt JJR 11018 91 2 content content NN 11018 91 3 by by IN 11018 91 4 library library NN 11018 91 5 . . . 11018 92 1 Each each DT 11018 92 2 library library NN 11018 92 3 also also RB 11018 92 4 differed differ VBD 11018 92 5 in in IN 11018 92 6 least least JJS 11018 92 7 common common JJ 11018 92 8 content content NN 11018 92 9 tweeted tweet VBN 11018 92 10 . . . 11018 93 1 NYPL NYPL NNP 11018 93 2 had have VBD 11018 93 3 the the DT 11018 93 4 fewest few JJS 11018 93 5 tweets tweet NNS 11018 93 6 about about IN 11018 93 7 the the DT 11018 93 8 hurricane hurricane NN 11018 93 9 , , , 11018 93 10 non non JJ 11018 93 11 - - JJ 11018 93 12 library library JJ 11018 93 13 services service NNS 11018 93 14 and and CC 11018 93 15 events event NNS 11018 93 16 related relate VBN 11018 93 17 to to IN 11018 93 18 the the DT 11018 93 19 hurricane hurricane NN 11018 93 20 , , , 11018 93 21 other other JJ 11018 93 22 library library NN 11018 93 23 policies policy NNS 11018 93 24 , , , 11018 93 25 and and CC 11018 93 26 social social JJ 11018 93 27 interactions interaction NNS 11018 93 28 . . . 11018 94 1 PPL PPL NNP 11018 94 2 also also RB 11018 94 3 had have VBD 11018 94 4 few few JJ 11018 94 5 tweets tweet NNS 11018 94 6 with with IN 11018 94 7 information information NN 11018 94 8 about about IN 11018 94 9 the the DT 11018 94 10 hurricane hurricane NN 11018 94 11 and and CC 11018 94 12 rarely rarely RB 11018 94 13 tweeted tweet VBN 11018 94 14 about about IN 11018 94 15 fines fine NNS 11018 94 16 and and CC 11018 94 17 renewals renewal NNS 11018 94 18 . . . 11018 95 1 QL QL NNP 11018 95 2 had have VBD 11018 95 3 no no DT 11018 95 4 tweets tweet NNS 11018 95 5 about about IN 11018 95 6 the the DT 11018 95 7 hurricane hurricane NN 11018 95 8 , , , 11018 95 9 nor nor CC 11018 95 10 did do VBD 11018 95 11 they -PRON- PRP 11018 95 12 tweet tweet VB 11018 95 13 about about IN 11018 95 14 any any DT 11018 95 15 library library JJ 11018 95 16 events event NNS 11018 95 17 or or CC 11018 95 18 programs program NNS 11018 95 19 that that WDT 11018 95 20 were be VBD 11018 95 21 unrelated unrelated JJ 11018 95 22 to to IN 11018 95 23 their -PRON- PRP$ 11018 95 24 disaster disaster NN 11018 95 25 response response NN 11018 95 26 . . . 11018 96 1 DISCUSSION DISCUSSION NNP 11018 96 2 The the DT 11018 96 3 data datum NNS 11018 96 4 collected collect VBN 11018 96 5 was be VBD 11018 96 6 analyzed analyze VBN 11018 96 7 to to TO 11018 96 8 determine determine VB 11018 96 9 whether whether IN 11018 96 10 each each DT 11018 96 11 library library NN 11018 96 12 fulfilled fulfil VBD 11018 96 13 the the DT 11018 96 14 three three CD 11018 96 15 identified identify VBN 11018 96 16 benefits benefit NNS 11018 96 17 of of IN 11018 96 18 social social JJ 11018 96 19 media medium NNS 11018 96 20 that that WDT 11018 96 21 directly directly RB 11018 96 22 relate relate VBP 11018 96 23 to to IN 11018 96 24 the the DT 11018 96 25 library library NN 11018 96 26 ’s ’s POS 11018 96 27 mission mission NN 11018 96 28 of of IN 11018 96 29 information information NN 11018 96 30 access access NN 11018 96 31 and and CC 11018 96 32 community community NN 11018 96 33 building building NN 11018 96 34 : : : 11018 96 35 monitoring monitor VBG 11018 96 36 a a DT 11018 96 37 situation situation NN 11018 96 38 , , , 11018 96 39 integrating integrate VBG 11018 96 40 social social JJ 11018 96 41 media medium NNS 11018 96 42 into into IN 11018 96 43 emergency emergency NN 11018 96 44 plans plan NNS 11018 96 45 , , , 11018 96 46 and and CC 11018 96 47 creating create VBG 11018 96 48 social social JJ 11018 96 49 cohesion cohesion NN 11018 96 50 and and CC 11018 96 51 promoting promote VBG 11018 96 52 therapeutic therapeutic JJ 11018 96 53 initiatives initiative NNS 11018 96 54 . . . 11018 97 1 Each each DT 11018 97 2 library library NN 11018 97 3 ’s ’ VBZ 11018 97 4 consistent consistent JJ 11018 97 5 responses response NNS 11018 97 6 to to IN 11018 97 7 Twitter Twitter NNP 11018 97 8 users user NNS 11018 97 9 , , , 11018 97 10 status status NN 11018 97 11 updates update NNS 11018 97 12 , , , 11018 97 13 and and CC 11018 97 14 information information NN 11018 97 15 about about IN 11018 97 16 library library NN 11018 97 17 services service NNS 11018 97 18 illustrates illustrate VBZ 11018 97 19 they -PRON- PRP 11018 97 20 all all DT 11018 97 21 monitored monitor VBD 11018 97 22 their -PRON- PRP$ 11018 97 23 communities community NNS 11018 97 24 ’ ’ POS 11018 97 25 situations situation NNS 11018 97 26 and and CC 11018 97 27 responded respond VBD 11018 97 28 accordingly accordingly RB 11018 97 29 through through IN 11018 97 30 services service NNS 11018 97 31 and and CC 11018 97 32 programs program NNS 11018 97 33 , , , 11018 97 34 as as IN 11018 97 35 evidenced evidence VBN 11018 97 36 in in IN 11018 97 37 news news NN 11018 97 38 reports report NNS 11018 97 39 . . . 11018 98 1 Libraries library NNS 11018 98 2 also also RB 11018 98 3 used use VBD 11018 98 4 Twitter Twitter NNP 11018 98 5 to to TO 11018 98 6 engage engage VB 11018 98 7 with with IN 11018 98 8 others other NNS 11018 98 9 and and CC 11018 98 10 WEATHERING weather VBG 11018 98 11 THE the DT 11018 98 12 TWITTER TWITTER NNP 11018 98 13 STORM storm NN 11018 98 14 | | VBD 11018 98 15 HAN HAN NNP 11018 98 16 44 44 CD 11018 98 17 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v38i2.11018 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v38i2.11018 NN 11018 98 18 create create VB 11018 98 19 a a DT 11018 98 20 social social JJ 11018 98 21 network network NN 11018 98 22 of of IN 11018 98 23 library library NN 11018 98 24 patrons patron NNS 11018 98 25 and and CC 11018 98 26 local local JJ 11018 98 27 institutions institution NNS 11018 98 28 . . . 11018 99 1 Based base VBN 11018 99 2 on on IN 11018 99 3 the the DT 11018 99 4 lack lack NN 11018 99 5 of of IN 11018 99 6 information information NN 11018 99 7 about about IN 11018 99 8 the the DT 11018 99 9 storm storm NN 11018 99 10 itself -PRON- PRP 11018 99 11 and and CC 11018 99 12 few few JJ 11018 99 13 recommendations recommendation NNS 11018 99 14 for for IN 11018 99 15 non non JJ 11018 99 16 - - JJ 11018 99 17 library library JJ 11018 99 18 disaster disaster NN 11018 99 19 response response NN 11018 99 20 group group NN 11018 99 21 resources resource NNS 11018 99 22 , , , 11018 99 23 it -PRON- PRP 11018 99 24 is be VBZ 11018 99 25 not not RB 11018 99 26 apparent apparent JJ 11018 99 27 libraries library NNS 11018 99 28 integrated integrate VBD 11018 99 29 social social JJ 11018 99 30 media medium NNS 11018 99 31 as as IN 11018 99 32 part part NN 11018 99 33 of of IN 11018 99 34 their -PRON- PRP$ 11018 99 35 emergency emergency NN 11018 99 36 policy policy NN 11018 99 37 and and CC 11018 99 38 procedures procedure NNS 11018 99 39 . . . 11018 100 1 This this DT 11018 100 2 also also RB 11018 100 3 resulted result VBD 11018 100 4 in in IN 11018 100 5 a a DT 11018 100 6 dissonance dissonance NN 11018 100 7 between between IN 11018 100 8 library library JJ 11018 100 9 action action NN 11018 100 10 and and CC 11018 100 11 their -PRON- PRP$ 11018 100 12 online online JJ 11018 100 13 communication communication NN 11018 100 14 . . . 11018 101 1 One one CD 11018 101 2 notable notable JJ 11018 101 3 example example NN 11018 101 4 : : : 11018 101 5 many many JJ 11018 101 6 news news NN 11018 101 7 reports report NNS 11018 101 8 described describe VBD 11018 101 9 librarians librarian NNS 11018 101 10 aiding aid VBG 11018 101 11 patrons patron NNS 11018 101 12 with with IN 11018 101 13 finding find VBG 11018 101 14 and and CC 11018 101 15 filling fill VBG 11018 101 16 out out RP 11018 101 17 FEMA FEMA NNP 11018 101 18 insurance insurance NN 11018 101 19 forms form NNS 11018 101 20 , , , 11018 101 21 but but CC 11018 101 22 only only RB 11018 101 23 one one CD 11018 101 24 of of IN 11018 101 25 the the DT 11018 101 26 196 196 CD 11018 101 27 tweets tweet NNS 11018 101 28 analyzed analyze VBN 11018 101 29 in in IN 11018 101 30 this this DT 11018 101 31 study study NN 11018 101 32 advertised advertise VBD 11018 101 33 FEMA FEMA NNP 11018 101 34 assistance assistance NN 11018 101 35 at at IN 11018 101 36 the the DT 11018 101 37 library.37 library.37 NNP 11018 101 38 PPL PPL NNP 11018 101 39 tweeted tweet VBD 11018 101 40 several several JJ 11018 101 41 posts post NNS 11018 101 42 illustrating illustrate VBG 11018 101 43 library library NN 11018 101 44 use use NN 11018 101 45 by by IN 11018 101 46 affected affected JJ 11018 101 47 patrons patron NNS 11018 101 48 , , , 11018 101 49 but but CC 11018 101 50 also also RB 11018 101 51 emphasized emphasize VBD 11018 101 52 they -PRON- PRP 11018 101 53 were be VBD 11018 101 54 at at IN 11018 101 55 capacity capacity NN 11018 101 56 due due IN 11018 101 57 to to IN 11018 101 58 large large JJ 11018 101 59 visitor visitor NN 11018 101 60 numbers number NNS 11018 101 61 and and CC 11018 101 62 shortages shortage NNS 11018 101 63 in in IN 11018 101 64 charging charge VBG 11018 101 65 stations station NNS 11018 101 66 and and CC 11018 101 67 Internet internet NN 11018 101 68 bandwidth bandwidth NN 11018 101 69 . . . 11018 102 1 PPL PPL NNP 11018 102 2 also also RB 11018 102 3 failed fail VBD 11018 102 4 to to TO 11018 102 5 offer offer VB 11018 102 6 alternatives alternative NNS 11018 102 7 on on IN 11018 102 8 Twitter Twitter NNP 11018 102 9 to to TO 11018 102 10 meet meet VB 11018 102 11 patron patron NN 11018 102 12 information information NN 11018 102 13 needs need VBZ 11018 102 14 . . . 11018 103 1 The the DT 11018 103 2 lack lack NN 11018 103 3 of of IN 11018 103 4 a a DT 11018 103 5 coordinated coordinated JJ 11018 103 6 effort effort NN 11018 103 7 perhaps perhaps RB 11018 103 8 can can MD 11018 103 9 be be VB 11018 103 10 explained explain VBN 11018 103 11 in in IN 11018 103 12 two two CD 11018 103 13 parts part NNS 11018 103 14 . . . 11018 104 1 First first RB 11018 104 2 , , , 11018 104 3 as as IN 11018 104 4 no no DT 11018 104 5 two two CD 11018 104 6 disasters disaster NNS 11018 104 7 are be VBP 11018 104 8 alike alike RB 11018 104 9 , , , 11018 104 10 library library JJ 11018 104 11 response response NN 11018 104 12 is be VBZ 11018 104 13 often often RB 11018 104 14 a a DT 11018 104 15 direct direct JJ 11018 104 16 reaction reaction NN 11018 104 17 to to IN 11018 104 18 the the DT 11018 104 19 event event NN 11018 104 20 and and CC 11018 104 21 damages damage NNS 11018 104 22 to to IN 11018 104 23 their -PRON- PRP$ 11018 104 24 institution institution NN 11018 104 25 and and CC 11018 104 26 community community NN 11018 104 27 . . . 11018 105 1 A a DT 11018 105 2 busy busy JJ 11018 105 3 library library NN 11018 105 4 would would MD 11018 105 5 logically logically RB 11018 105 6 place place VB 11018 105 7 social social JJ 11018 105 8 media medium NNS 11018 105 9 communication communication NN 11018 105 10 and and CC 11018 105 11 coordination coordination NN 11018 105 12 as as IN 11018 105 13 a a DT 11018 105 14 lower low JJR 11018 105 15 priority priority NN 11018 105 16 than than IN 11018 105 17 other other JJ 11018 105 18 immediate immediate JJ 11018 105 19 , , , 11018 105 20 tangible tangible JJ 11018 105 21 needs need NNS 11018 105 22 . . . 11018 106 1 Second second JJ 11018 106 2 , , , 11018 106 3 librarians librarian NNS 11018 106 4 may may MD 11018 106 5 not not RB 11018 106 6 make make VB 11018 106 7 a a DT 11018 106 8 concerted concerted JJ 11018 106 9 effort effort NN 11018 106 10 to to TO 11018 106 11 use use VB 11018 106 12 social social JJ 11018 106 13 media medium NNS 11018 106 14 if if IN 11018 106 15 they -PRON- PRP 11018 106 16 are be VBP 11018 106 17 trained train VBN 11018 106 18 to to TO 11018 106 19 prioritize prioritize VB 11018 106 20 protecting protect VBG 11018 106 21 library library NN 11018 106 22 collections collection NNS 11018 106 23 and and CC 11018 106 24 conducting conduct VBG 11018 106 25 regular regular JJ 11018 106 26 services.38 services.38 NNP 11018 106 27 While while IN 11018 106 28 digital digital JJ 11018 106 29 and and CC 11018 106 30 outreach outreach JJ 11018 106 31 services service NNS 11018 106 32 such such JJ 11018 106 33 as as IN 11018 106 34 bookmobiles bookmobile NNS 11018 106 35 have have VBP 11018 106 36 been be VBN 11018 106 37 common common JJ 11018 106 38 components component NNS 11018 106 39 of of IN 11018 106 40 libraries library NNS 11018 106 41 , , , 11018 106 42 there there EX 11018 106 43 is be VBZ 11018 106 44 still still RB 11018 106 45 a a DT 11018 106 46 noticeable noticeable JJ 11018 106 47 gap gap NN 11018 106 48 in in IN 11018 106 49 libraries library NNS 11018 106 50 extending extend VBG 11018 106 51 these these DT 11018 106 52 same same JJ 11018 106 53 services service NNS 11018 106 54 using use VBG 11018 106 55 online online JJ 11018 106 56 tools tool NNS 11018 106 57 . . . 11018 107 1 The the DT 11018 107 2 libraries library NNS 11018 107 3 in in IN 11018 107 4 this this DT 11018 107 5 study study NN 11018 107 6 used use VBD 11018 107 7 social social JJ 11018 107 8 media medium NNS 11018 107 9 as as IN 11018 107 10 a a DT 11018 107 11 part part NN 11018 107 12 of of IN 11018 107 13 their -PRON- PRP$ 11018 107 14 disaster disaster NN 11018 107 15 response response NN 11018 107 16 , , , 11018 107 17 but but CC 11018 107 18 the the DT 11018 107 19 lack lack NN 11018 107 20 of of IN 11018 107 21 planning planning NN 11018 107 22 resulted result VBD 11018 107 23 in in IN 11018 107 24 each each DT 11018 107 25 library library NN 11018 107 26 ’s ’s . 11018 107 27 Twitter Twitter NNP 11018 107 28 feed feed NN 11018 107 29 acting act VBG 11018 107 30 more more RBR 11018 107 31 as as IN 11018 107 32 a a DT 11018 107 33 “ " `` 11018 107 34 triage triage NN 11018 107 35 center center NN 11018 107 36 , , , 11018 107 37 ” " '' 11018 107 38 providing provide VBG 11018 107 39 basic basic JJ 11018 107 40 assistance assistance NN 11018 107 41 as as IN 11018 107 42 the the DT 11018 107 43 need need NN 11018 107 44 arose arise VBD 11018 107 45 , , , 11018 107 46 rather rather RB 11018 107 47 than than IN 11018 107 48 an an DT 11018 107 49 extension extension NN 11018 107 50 of of IN 11018 107 51 in in IN 11018 107 52 - - HYPH 11018 107 53 house house NN 11018 107 54 services service NNS 11018 107 55 . . . 11018 108 1 TAKEAWAYS TAKEAWAYS NNP 11018 108 2 AND and CC 11018 108 3 FURTHER further JJ 11018 108 4 RESEARCH research NN 11018 108 5 While while IN 11018 108 6 these these DT 11018 108 7 libraries library NNS 11018 108 8 provided provide VBD 11018 108 9 much much JJ 11018 108 10 needed need VBN 11018 108 11 services service NNS 11018 108 12 in in IN 11018 108 13 the the DT 11018 108 14 aftermath aftermath NN 11018 108 15 of of IN 11018 108 16 Hurricane Hurricane NNP 11018 108 17 Sandy Sandy NNP 11018 108 18 , , , 11018 108 19 their -PRON- PRP$ 11018 108 20 implementation implementation NN 11018 108 21 of of IN 11018 108 22 social social JJ 11018 108 23 media medium NNS 11018 108 24 as as IN 11018 108 25 a a DT 11018 108 26 communication communication NN 11018 108 27 and and CC 11018 108 28 information information NN 11018 108 29 - - HYPH 11018 108 30 sharing share VBG 11018 108 31 tool tool NN 11018 108 32 illustrates illustrate VBZ 11018 108 33 opportunities opportunity NNS 11018 108 34 to to TO 11018 108 35 develop develop VB 11018 108 36 more more RBR 11018 108 37 coordinated coordinated JJ 11018 108 38 efforts effort NNS 11018 108 39 . . . 11018 109 1 As as IN 11018 109 2 library library JJ 11018 109 3 presence presence NN 11018 109 4 on on IN 11018 109 5 and and CC 11018 109 6 use use NN 11018 109 7 of of IN 11018 109 8 social social JJ 11018 109 9 media medium NNS 11018 109 10 continues continue VBZ 11018 109 11 to to TO 11018 109 12 grow grow VB 11018 109 13 , , , 11018 109 14 it -PRON- PRP 11018 109 15 should should MD 11018 109 16 be be VB 11018 109 17 considered consider VBN 11018 109 18 as as IN 11018 109 19 a a DT 11018 109 20 necessary necessary JJ 11018 109 21 component component NN 11018 109 22 of of IN 11018 109 23 library library JJ 11018 109 24 disaster disaster NN 11018 109 25 response response NN 11018 109 26 and and CC 11018 109 27 collaboration collaboration NN 11018 109 28 with with IN 11018 109 29 other other JJ 11018 109 30 government government NN 11018 109 31 agencies agency NNS 11018 109 32 and and CC 11018 109 33 first first JJ 11018 109 34 responders responder NNS 11018 109 35 . . . 11018 110 1 While while IN 11018 110 2 libraries library NNS 11018 110 3 are be VBP 11018 110 4 qualified qualified JJ 11018 110 5 for for IN 11018 110 6 FEMA FEMA NNP 11018 110 7 funding funding NN 11018 110 8 , , , 11018 110 9 it -PRON- PRP 11018 110 10 is be VBZ 11018 110 11 uncertain uncertain JJ 11018 110 12 that that IN 11018 110 13 local local JJ 11018 110 14 first first JJ 11018 110 15 responder responder NN 11018 110 16 groups group NNS 11018 110 17 are be VBP 11018 110 18 aware aware JJ 11018 110 19 of of IN 11018 110 20 the the DT 11018 110 21 services service NNS 11018 110 22 and and CC 11018 110 23 benefits benefit NNS 11018 110 24 libraries library NNS 11018 110 25 provide provide VBP 11018 110 26 post post JJ 11018 110 27 - - JJ 11018 110 28 disaster disaster NN 11018 110 29 at at RB 11018 110 30 all all RB 11018 110 31 . . . 11018 111 1 As as IN 11018 111 2 of of IN 11018 111 3 2013 2013 CD 11018 111 4 , , , 11018 111 5 the the DT 11018 111 6 U.S. U.S. NNP 11018 111 7 Department Department NNP 11018 111 8 of of IN 11018 111 9 Homeland Homeland NNP 11018 111 10 Security Security NNP 11018 111 11 ’s ’s POS 11018 111 12 Virtual virtual JJ 11018 111 13 Social Social NNP 11018 111 14 Media medium NNS 11018 111 15 Working Working NNP 11018 111 16 Group Group NNP 11018 111 17 did do VBD 11018 111 18 not not RB 11018 111 19 include include VB 11018 111 20 any any DT 11018 111 21 library library NN 11018 111 22 organizations organization NNS 11018 111 23 , , , 11018 111 24 which which WDT 11018 111 25 leaves leave VBZ 11018 111 26 libraries library NNS 11018 111 27 out out IN 11018 111 28 of of IN 11018 111 29 crucial crucial JJ 11018 111 30 conversations conversation NNS 11018 111 31 in in IN 11018 111 32 designing design VBG 11018 111 33 comprehensive comprehensive JJ 11018 111 34 disaster disaster NN 11018 111 35 response response NN 11018 111 36 plans.39 plans.39 NNP 11018 111 37 In in IN 11018 111 38 an an DT 11018 111 39 effort effort NN 11018 111 40 to to TO 11018 111 41 participate participate VB 11018 111 42 in in IN 11018 111 43 productive productive JJ 11018 111 44 discourse discourse NN 11018 111 45 , , , 11018 111 46 librarians librarian NNS 11018 111 47 also also RB 11018 111 48 need need VBP 11018 111 49 to to TO 11018 111 50 improve improve VB 11018 111 51 their -PRON- PRP$ 11018 111 52 social social JJ 11018 111 53 media medium NNS 11018 111 54 use use NN 11018 111 55 to to TO 11018 111 56 better better RB 11018 111 57 align align VB 11018 111 58 with with IN 11018 111 59 their -PRON- PRP$ 11018 111 60 practice practice NN 11018 111 61 when when WRB 11018 111 62 serving serve VBG 11018 111 63 distressed distressed JJ 11018 111 64 communities community NNS 11018 111 65 . . . 11018 112 1 While while IN 11018 112 2 the the DT 11018 112 3 exact exact JJ 11018 112 4 reasons reason NNS 11018 112 5 for for IN 11018 112 6 librarians librarian NNS 11018 112 7 ’ ’ POS 11018 112 8 lack lack NN 11018 112 9 of of IN 11018 112 10 effective effective JJ 11018 112 11 social social JJ 11018 112 12 media medium NNS 11018 112 13 use use NN 11018 112 14 in in IN 11018 112 15 disaster disaster NN 11018 112 16 response response NN 11018 112 17 remains remain VBZ 11018 112 18 speculative speculative JJ 11018 112 19 , , , 11018 112 20 other other JJ 11018 112 21 research research NN 11018 112 22 has have VBZ 11018 112 23 shown show VBN 11018 112 24 that that IN 11018 112 25 training training NN 11018 112 26 opportunities opportunity NNS 11018 112 27 for for IN 11018 112 28 social social JJ 11018 112 29 media medium NNS 11018 112 30 use use NN 11018 112 31 in in IN 11018 112 32 libraries library NNS 11018 112 33 remain remain VBP 11018 112 34 scarce scarce JJ 11018 112 35 and and CC 11018 112 36 not not RB 11018 112 37 very very RB 11018 112 38 effective.40 effective.40 NNP 11018 112 39 Since since IN 11018 112 40 Hurricane Hurricane NNP 11018 112 41 Sandy Sandy NNP 11018 112 42 , , , 11018 112 43 social social JJ 11018 112 44 media media NN 11018 112 45 has have VBZ 11018 112 46 only only RB 11018 112 47 grown grow VBN 11018 112 48 as as IN 11018 112 49 a a DT 11018 112 50 powerful powerful JJ 11018 112 51 tool tool NN 11018 112 52 for for IN 11018 112 53 people people NNS 11018 112 54 and and CC 11018 112 55 communities community NNS 11018 112 56 , , , 11018 112 57 rendering render VBG 11018 112 58 it -PRON- PRP 11018 112 59 an an DT 11018 112 60 essential essential JJ 11018 112 61 skill skill NN 11018 112 62 for for IN 11018 112 63 librarians librarian NNS 11018 112 64 today today NN 11018 112 65 . . . 11018 113 1 This this DT 11018 113 2 should should MD 11018 113 3 motivate motivate VB 11018 113 4 librarians librarian NNS 11018 113 5 , , , 11018 113 6 library library JJ 11018 113 7 associations association NNS 11018 113 8 , , , 11018 113 9 and and CC 11018 113 10 other other JJ 11018 113 11 professional professional JJ 11018 113 12 groups group NNS 11018 113 13 to to TO 11018 113 14 consider consider VB 11018 113 15 developing develop VBG 11018 113 16 effective effective JJ 11018 113 17 training training NN 11018 113 18 and and CC 11018 113 19 workshops workshop NNS 11018 113 20 geared gear VBN 11018 113 21 towards towards IN 11018 113 22 intentional intentional JJ 11018 113 23 use use NN 11018 113 24 of of IN 11018 113 25 social social JJ 11018 113 26 media medium NNS 11018 113 27 . . . 11018 114 1 Despite despite IN 11018 114 2 its -PRON- PRP$ 11018 114 3 power power NN 11018 114 4 , , , 11018 114 5 social social JJ 11018 114 6 media medium NNS 11018 114 7 should should MD 11018 114 8 be be VB 11018 114 9 seen see VBN 11018 114 10 as as IN 11018 114 11 a a DT 11018 114 12 complementary complementary JJ 11018 114 13 tool tool NN 11018 114 14 to to TO 11018 114 15 enhance enhance VB 11018 114 16 information information NN 11018 114 17 services service NNS 11018 114 18 for for IN 11018 114 19 community community NN 11018 114 20 members member NNS 11018 114 21 . . . 11018 115 1 It -PRON- PRP 11018 115 2 will will MD 11018 115 3 optimize optimize VB 11018 115 4 the the DT 11018 115 5 library library NN 11018 115 6 ’s ’s POS 11018 115 7 reach reach NN 11018 115 8 , , , 11018 115 9 but but CC 11018 115 10 it -PRON- PRP 11018 115 11 can can MD 11018 115 12 not not RB 11018 115 13 completely completely RB 11018 115 14 replace replace VB 11018 115 15 current current JJ 11018 115 16 methods method NNS 11018 115 17 of of IN 11018 115 18 outreach outreach NN 11018 115 19 , , , 11018 115 20 nor nor CC 11018 115 21 should should MD 11018 115 22 it -PRON- PRP 11018 115 23 . . . 11018 116 1 This this DT 11018 116 2 is be VBZ 11018 116 3 especially especially RB 11018 116 4 important important JJ 11018 116 5 when when WRB 11018 116 6 considering consider VBG 11018 116 7 INFORMATION information NN 11018 116 8 TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY NNP 11018 116 9 AND and CC 11018 116 10 LIBRARIES LIBRARIES NNP 11018 116 11 | | NNP 11018 116 12 JUNE JUNE NNP 11018 116 13 2019 2019 CD 11018 116 14 45 45 CD 11018 116 15 who who WP 11018 116 16 benefits benefit VBZ 11018 116 17 the the DT 11018 116 18 most most JJS 11018 116 19 from from IN 11018 116 20 libraries library NNS 11018 116 21 , , , 11018 116 22 many many DT 11018 116 23 of of IN 11018 116 24 whom whom WP 11018 116 25 do do VBP 11018 116 26 not not RB 11018 116 27 necessarily necessarily RB 11018 116 28 have have VB 11018 116 29 consistent consistent JJ 11018 116 30 access access NN 11018 116 31 to to IN 11018 116 32 social social JJ 11018 116 33 media.41 media.41 NNP 11018 116 34 Social social JJ 11018 116 35 media medium NNS 11018 116 36 use use VBP 11018 116 37 varies vary VBZ 11018 116 38 across across IN 11018 116 39 age age NN 11018 116 40 , , , 11018 116 41 socioeconomic socioeconomic JJ 11018 116 42 status status NN 11018 116 43 , , , 11018 116 44 digital digital JJ 11018 116 45 access access NN 11018 116 46 , , , 11018 116 47 and and CC 11018 116 48 education education NN 11018 116 49 levels level NNS 11018 116 50 , , , 11018 116 51 making make VBG 11018 116 52 it -PRON- PRP 11018 116 53 important important JJ 11018 116 54 for for IN 11018 116 55 librarians librarian NNS 11018 116 56 to to TO 11018 116 57 consider consider VB 11018 116 58 whose whose WP$ 11018 116 59 information information NN 11018 116 60 needs need NNS 11018 116 61 are be VBP 11018 116 62 and and CC 11018 116 63 are be VBP 11018 116 64 not not RB 11018 116 65 being be VBG 11018 116 66 met meet VBN 11018 116 67 online online RB 11018 116 68 . . . 11018 117 1 Considering consider VBG 11018 117 2 such such JJ 11018 117 3 limitations limitation NNS 11018 117 4 , , , 11018 117 5 learning learn VBG 11018 117 6 impactful impactful JJ 11018 117 7 social social JJ 11018 117 8 media medium NNS 11018 117 9 skills skill NNS 11018 117 10 and and CC 11018 117 11 creating create VBG 11018 117 12 a a DT 11018 117 13 support support NN 11018 117 14 network network NN 11018 117 15 amongst amongst IN 11018 117 16 disaster disaster NN 11018 117 17 response response NN 11018 117 18 groups group NNS 11018 117 19 will will MD 11018 117 20 enable enable VB 11018 117 21 libraries library NNS 11018 117 22 to to TO 11018 117 23 effectively effectively RB 11018 117 24 develop develop VB 11018 117 25 outreach outreach NN 11018 117 26 strategies strategy NNS 11018 117 27 and and CC 11018 117 28 improve improve VB 11018 117 29 disaster disaster NN 11018 117 30 response response NN 11018 117 31 services service NNS 11018 117 32 . . . 11018 118 1 The the DT 11018 118 2 discussion discussion NN 11018 118 3 and and CC 11018 118 4 takeaways takeaways RB 11018 118 5 highlight highlight VBP 11018 118 6 the the DT 11018 118 7 necessity necessity NN 11018 118 8 for for IN 11018 118 9 further further JJ 11018 118 10 research research NN 11018 118 11 on on IN 11018 118 12 social social JJ 11018 118 13 media medium NNS 11018 118 14 use use NN 11018 118 15 in in IN 11018 118 16 library library JJ 11018 118 17 disaster disaster NN 11018 118 18 response response NN 11018 118 19 . . . 11018 119 1 As as IN 11018 119 2 the the DT 11018 119 3 history history NN 11018 119 4 of of IN 11018 119 5 library library JJ 11018 119 6 development development NN 11018 119 7 and and CC 11018 119 8 service service NN 11018 119 9 informs inform VBZ 11018 119 10 the the DT 11018 119 11 direction direction NN 11018 119 12 of of IN 11018 119 13 libraries library NNS 11018 119 14 today today NN 11018 119 15 , , , 11018 119 16 so so RB 11018 119 17 too too RB 11018 119 18 should should MD 11018 119 19 historic historic VB 11018 119 20 uses use NNS 11018 119 21 of of IN 11018 119 22 social social JJ 11018 119 23 media medium NNS 11018 119 24 as as IN 11018 119 25 a a DT 11018 119 26 library library NN 11018 119 27 service service NN 11018 119 28 tool tool NN 11018 119 29 guide guide NN 11018 119 30 future future JJ 11018 119 31 work work NN 11018 119 32 . . . 11018 120 1 Continuing continue VBG 11018 120 2 research research NN 11018 120 3 may may MD 11018 120 4 include include VB 11018 120 5 case case NN 11018 120 6 studies study NNS 11018 120 7 of of IN 11018 120 8 public public JJ 11018 120 9 library library JJ 11018 120 10 response response NN 11018 120 11 to to IN 11018 120 12 recent recent JJ 11018 120 13 disasters disaster NNS 11018 120 14 , , , 11018 120 15 which which WDT 11018 120 16 would would MD 11018 120 17 provide provide VB 11018 120 18 better well JJR 11018 120 19 insight insight NN 11018 120 20 into into IN 11018 120 21 the the DT 11018 120 22 developing develop VBG 11018 120 23 use use NN 11018 120 24 of of IN 11018 120 25 social social JJ 11018 120 26 media medium NNS 11018 120 27 . . . 11018 121 1 The the DT 11018 121 2 identified identified JJ 11018 121 3 patterns pattern NNS 11018 121 4 and and CC 11018 121 5 strengths strength NNS 11018 121 6 can can MD 11018 121 7 be be VB 11018 121 8 used use VBN 11018 121 9 to to TO 11018 121 10 guide guide VB 11018 121 11 future future JJ 11018 121 12 work work NN 11018 121 13 in in IN 11018 121 14 incorporating incorporate VBG 11018 121 15 effective effective JJ 11018 121 16 social social JJ 11018 121 17 media medium NNS 11018 121 18 policies policy NNS 11018 121 19 and and CC 11018 121 20 protocols protocol NNS 11018 121 21 in in IN 11018 121 22 library library JJ 11018 121 23 disaster disaster NN 11018 121 24 plans plan NNS 11018 121 25 . . . 11018 122 1 Considering consider VBG 11018 122 2 social social JJ 11018 122 3 media medium NNS 11018 122 4 usage usage NN 11018 122 5 by by IN 11018 122 6 first first JJ 11018 122 7 responders responder NNS 11018 122 8 and and CC 11018 122 9 federal federal JJ 11018 122 10 agencies agency NNS 11018 122 11 , , , 11018 122 12 future future JJ 11018 122 13 research research NN 11018 122 14 should should MD 11018 122 15 also also RB 11018 122 16 include include VB 11018 122 17 a a DT 11018 122 18 closer close JJR 11018 122 19 examination examination NN 11018 122 20 of of IN 11018 122 21 relationships relationship NNS 11018 122 22 between between IN 11018 122 23 public public JJ 11018 122 24 libraries library NNS 11018 122 25 , , , 11018 122 26 first first JJ 11018 122 27 responders responder NNS 11018 122 28 , , , 11018 122 29 and and CC 11018 122 30 disaster disaster NN 11018 122 31 information information NN 11018 122 32 providers provider NNS 11018 122 33 in in IN 11018 122 34 improving improve VBG 11018 122 35 coordinated coordinated JJ 11018 122 36 response response NN 11018 122 37 efforts effort NNS 11018 122 38 . . . 11018 123 1 CONCLUSION CONCLUSION NNP 11018 123 2 When when WRB 11018 123 3 disaster disaster NN 11018 123 4 strikes strike NNS 11018 123 5 , , , 11018 123 6 many many JJ 11018 123 7 communities community NNS 11018 123 8 exhibit exhibit VBP 11018 123 9 a a DT 11018 123 10 great great JJ 11018 123 11 need need NN 11018 123 12 for for IN 11018 123 13 resources resource NNS 11018 123 14 and and CC 11018 123 15 information information NN 11018 123 16 . . . 11018 124 1 Despite despite IN 11018 124 2 libraries library NNS 11018 124 3 providing provide VBG 11018 124 4 much much JJ 11018 124 5 needed need VBN 11018 124 6 service service NN 11018 124 7 and and CC 11018 124 8 resources resource NNS 11018 124 9 to to IN 11018 124 10 community community NN 11018 124 11 members member NNS 11018 124 12 after after IN 11018 124 13 natural natural JJ 11018 124 14 disasters disaster NNS 11018 124 15 , , , 11018 124 16 their -PRON- PRP$ 11018 124 17 use use NN 11018 124 18 of of IN 11018 124 19 social social JJ 11018 124 20 media medium NNS 11018 124 21 platforms platform NNS 11018 124 22 as as IN 11018 124 23 a a DT 11018 124 24 tool tool NN 11018 124 25 remains remain VBZ 11018 124 26 overlooked overlook VBN 11018 124 27 . . . 11018 125 1 This this DT 11018 125 2 study study NN 11018 125 3 examines examine VBZ 11018 125 4 historical historical JJ 11018 125 5 use use NN 11018 125 6 of of IN 11018 125 7 social social JJ 11018 125 8 media medium NNS 11018 125 9 as as IN 11018 125 10 a a DT 11018 125 11 communication communication NN 11018 125 12 and and CC 11018 125 13 service service NN 11018 125 14 tool tool NN 11018 125 15 between between IN 11018 125 16 libraries library NNS 11018 125 17 , , , 11018 125 18 community community NN 11018 125 19 members member NNS 11018 125 20 , , , 11018 125 21 and and CC 11018 125 22 disaster disaster NN 11018 125 23 response response NN 11018 125 24 groups group NNS 11018 125 25 in in IN 11018 125 26 the the DT 11018 125 27 aftermath aftermath NN 11018 125 28 of of IN 11018 125 29 Hurricane Hurricane NNP 11018 125 30 Sandy Sandy NNP 11018 125 31 . . . 11018 126 1 The the DT 11018 126 2 effectiveness effectiveness NN 11018 126 3 of of IN 11018 126 4 social social JJ 11018 126 5 media medium NNS 11018 126 6 use use NN 11018 126 7 was be VBD 11018 126 8 evaluated evaluate VBN 11018 126 9 using use VBG 11018 126 10 Alexander Alexander NNP 11018 126 11 ’s ’s POS 11018 126 12 review review NN 11018 126 13 of of IN 11018 126 14 social social JJ 11018 126 15 media medium NNS 11018 126 16 benefits benefit NNS 11018 126 17 and and CC 11018 126 18 compared compare VBN 11018 126 19 with with IN 11018 126 20 descriptions description NNS 11018 126 21 of of IN 11018 126 22 post post JJ 11018 126 23 - - JJ 11018 126 24 Sandy sandy JJ 11018 126 25 library library NN 11018 126 26 resources resource NNS 11018 126 27 and and CC 11018 126 28 services service NNS 11018 126 29 described describe VBN 11018 126 30 in in IN 11018 126 31 the the DT 11018 126 32 literature literature NN 11018 126 33 . . . 11018 127 1 The the DT 11018 127 2 study study NN 11018 127 3 found find VBD 11018 127 4 social social JJ 11018 127 5 media medium NNS 11018 127 6 use use NN 11018 127 7 to to TO 11018 127 8 be be VB 11018 127 9 highly highly RB 11018 127 10 variable variable JJ 11018 127 11 based base VBN 11018 127 12 on on IN 11018 127 13 content content NN 11018 127 14 and and CC 11018 127 15 correlations correlation NNS 11018 127 16 with with IN 11018 127 17 reported report VBN 11018 127 18 in in IN 11018 127 19 - - HYPH 11018 127 20 house house NN 11018 127 21 library library NN 11018 127 22 services service NNS 11018 127 23 . . . 11018 128 1 There there EX 11018 128 2 was be VBD 11018 128 3 no no DT 11018 128 4 sign sign NN 11018 128 5 of of IN 11018 128 6 a a DT 11018 128 7 coordinated coordinated JJ 11018 128 8 effort effort NN 11018 128 9 with with IN 11018 128 10 other other JJ 11018 128 11 disaster disaster NN 11018 128 12 response response NN 11018 128 13 groups group NNS 11018 128 14 , , , 11018 128 15 and and CC 11018 128 16 the the DT 11018 128 17 primary primary JJ 11018 128 18 objective objective NN 11018 128 19 of of IN 11018 128 20 their -PRON- PRP$ 11018 128 21 Twitter Twitter NNP 11018 128 22 accounts account NNS 11018 128 23 was be VBD 11018 128 24 connecting connect VBG 11018 128 25 with with IN 11018 128 26 patrons patron NNS 11018 128 27 and and CC 11018 128 28 other other JJ 11018 128 29 organizations organization NNS 11018 128 30 through through IN 11018 128 31 social social JJ 11018 128 32 interactions interaction NNS 11018 128 33 . . . 11018 129 1 Improvements improvement NNS 11018 129 2 to to IN 11018 129 3 social social JJ 11018 129 4 media medium NNS 11018 129 5 use use NN 11018 129 6 could could MD 11018 129 7 be be VB 11018 129 8 achieved achieve VBN 11018 129 9 through through IN 11018 129 10 intentional intentional JJ 11018 129 11 coordination coordination NN 11018 129 12 with with IN 11018 129 13 first first JJ 11018 129 14 responders responder NNS 11018 129 15 , , , 11018 129 16 directed direct VBD 11018 129 17 training training NN 11018 129 18 , , , 11018 129 19 and and CC 11018 129 20 evaluating evaluate VBG 11018 129 21 social social JJ 11018 129 22 media medium NNS 11018 129 23 ’s ’s POS 11018 129 24 strengths strength NNS 11018 129 25 and and CC 11018 129 26 limitations limitation NNS 11018 129 27 in in IN 11018 129 28 disaster disaster NN 11018 129 29 response response NN 11018 129 30 . . . 11018 130 1 If if IN 11018 130 2 libraries library NNS 11018 130 3 wish wish VBP 11018 130 4 to to TO 11018 130 5 continue continue VB 11018 130 6 providing provide VBG 11018 130 7 pertinent pertinent JJ 11018 130 8 information information NN 11018 130 9 , , , 11018 130 10 they -PRON- PRP 11018 130 11 need need VBP 11018 130 12 to to TO 11018 130 13 adapt adapt VB 11018 130 14 to to IN 11018 130 15 communication communication NN 11018 130 16 methods method NNS 11018 130 17 used use VBN 11018 130 18 by by IN 11018 130 19 their -PRON- PRP$ 11018 130 20 community community NN 11018 130 21 . . . 11018 131 1 With with IN 11018 131 2 social social JJ 11018 131 3 media medium NNS 11018 131 4 ’s ’s POS 11018 131 5 strong strong JJ 11018 131 6 presence presence NN 11018 131 7 in in IN 11018 131 8 society society NN 11018 131 9 , , , 11018 131 10 suburban suburban JJ 11018 131 11 and and CC 11018 131 12 urban urban JJ 11018 131 13 libraries library NNS 11018 131 14 such such JJ 11018 131 15 as as IN 11018 131 16 the the DT 11018 131 17 ones one NNS 11018 131 18 examined examine VBN 11018 131 19 in in IN 11018 131 20 this this DT 11018 131 21 study study NN 11018 131 22 should should MD 11018 131 23 improve improve VB 11018 131 24 their -PRON- PRP$ 11018 131 25 use use NN 11018 131 26 of of IN 11018 131 27 social social JJ 11018 131 28 media medium NNS 11018 131 29 as as IN 11018 131 30 an an DT 11018 131 31 effective effective JJ 11018 131 32 information information NN 11018 131 33 sharing sharing NN 11018 131 34 and and CC 11018 131 35 communication communication NN 11018 131 36 tool tool NN 11018 131 37 . . . 11018 132 1 Continuing continue VBG 11018 132 2 to to TO 11018 132 3 examine examine VB 11018 132 4 and and CC 11018 132 5 assess assess VB 11018 132 6 uses use NNS 11018 132 7 of of IN 11018 132 8 social social JJ 11018 132 9 media medium NNS 11018 132 10 as as IN 11018 132 11 a a DT 11018 132 12 disaster disaster NN 11018 132 13 response response NN 11018 132 14 tool tool NN 11018 132 15 can can MD 11018 132 16 help help VB 11018 132 17 shape shape VB 11018 132 18 policies policy NNS 11018 132 19 and and CC 11018 132 20 procedures procedure NNS 11018 132 21 that that WDT 11018 132 22 will will MD 11018 132 23 enable enable VB 11018 132 24 libraries library NNS 11018 132 25 to to TO 11018 132 26 better better RB 11018 132 27 serve serve VB 11018 132 28 their -PRON- PRP$ 11018 132 29 communities community NNS 11018 132 30 . . . 11018 133 1 REFERENCES reference NNS 11018 133 2 1 1 CD 11018 133 3 Maya Maya NNP 11018 133 4 Rhodan Rhodan NNP 11018 133 5 , , , 11018 133 6 “ " `` 11018 133 7 ‘ ' `` 11018 133 8 Please please UH 11018 133 9 Send send VB 11018 133 10 Help help NN 11018 133 11 . . . 11018 133 12 ’ ' '' 11018 133 13 Hurricane Hurricane NNP 11018 133 14 Harvey Harvey NNP 11018 133 15 Victims Victims NNPS 11018 133 16 Turn turn VBP 11018 133 17 to to IN 11018 133 18 Twitter Twitter NNP 11018 133 19 and and CC 11018 133 20 Facebook Facebook NNP 11018 133 21 , , , 11018 133 22 ” " '' 11018 133 23 Time time NN 11018 133 24 , , , 11018 133 25 Aug. August NNP 11018 133 26 30 30 CD 11018 133 27 , , , 11018 133 28 2017 2017 CD 11018 133 29 , , , 11018 133 30 http://time.com/4921961/hurricane-harvey-twitter-facebook-social- http://time.com/4921961/hurricane-harvey-twitter-facebook-social- NN 11018 133 31 media/. media/. JJ 11018 134 1 WEATHERING weather VBG 11018 134 2 THE the DT 11018 134 3 TWITTER TWITTER NNP 11018 134 4 STORM storm NN 11018 134 5 | | VBD 11018 134 6 HAN HAN NNP 11018 134 7 46 46 CD 11018 134 8 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v38i2.11018 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v38i2.11018 NN 11018 134 9 2 2 CD 11018 134 10 Paul Paul NNP 11018 134 11 T. T. NNP 11018 134 12 Jaeger Jaeger NNP 11018 134 13 et et NNP 11018 134 14 al al NNP 11018 134 15 . . NNP 11018 134 16 , , , 11018 134 17 “ " `` 11018 134 18 Libraries library NNS 11018 134 19 , , , 11018 134 20 Policy policy NN 11018 134 21 , , , 11018 134 22 and and CC 11018 134 23 Politics Politics NNPS 11018 134 24 in in IN 11018 134 25 a a DT 11018 134 26 Democracy democracy NN 11018 134 27 : : : 11018 134 28 Four four CD 11018 134 29 Historical Historical NNP 11018 134 30 Epochs epoch NNS 11018 134 31 , , , 11018 134 32 ” " '' 11018 134 33 Library Library NNP 11018 134 34 Quarterly Quarterly NNP 11018 134 35 83 83 CD 11018 134 36 , , , 11018 134 37 no no UH 11018 134 38 . . . 11018 135 1 2 2 LS 11018 135 2 ( ( -LRB- 11018 135 3 Apr. April NNP 11018 136 1 2013 2013 CD 11018 136 2 ) ) -RRB- 11018 136 3 : : : 11018 136 4 166–81 166–81 CD 11018 136 5 , , , 11018 136 6 https://doi.org/10.1086/669559 https://doi.org/10.1086/669559 NN 11018 136 7 . . . 11018 137 1 3 3 CD 11018 137 2 Virtual virtual JJ 11018 137 3 Social social JJ 11018 137 4 Media medium NNS 11018 137 5 Working Working NNP 11018 137 6 Group Group NNP 11018 137 7 and and CC 11018 137 8 DHS DHS NNP 11018 137 9 First First NNP 11018 137 10 Responders Responders NNPS 11018 137 11 Group Group NNP 11018 137 12 , , , 11018 137 13 “ " `` 11018 137 14 Lessons lesson NNS 11018 137 15 Learned learn VBN 11018 137 16 : : : 11018 137 17 Social Social NNP 11018 137 18 Media Media NNP 11018 137 19 and and CC 11018 137 20 Hurricane Hurricane NNP 11018 137 21 Sandy Sandy NNP 11018 137 22 " " '' 11018 137 23 , , , 11018 137 24 U.S. U.S. NNP 11018 137 25 Department Department NNP 11018 137 26 of of IN 11018 137 27 Homeland Homeland NNP 11018 137 28 Security Security NNP 11018 137 29 , , , 11018 137 30 June June NNP 11018 137 31 2013 2013 CD 11018 137 32 , , , 11018 137 33 https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Lessons%20Learned%20Social%20Me https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Lessons%20Learned%20Social%20Me NNP 11018 137 34 dia%20and%20Hurricane%20Sandy.pdf dia%20and%20Hurricane%20Sandy.pdf NNP 11018 137 35 . . . 11018 138 1 4 4 CD 11018 138 2 Virtual virtual JJ 11018 138 3 Social social JJ 11018 138 4 Media medium NNS 11018 138 5 Working Working NNP 11018 138 6 Group Group NNP 11018 138 7 and and CC 11018 138 8 DHS DHS NNP 11018 138 9 First First NNP 11018 138 10 Responders Responders NNPS 11018 138 11 Group Group NNP 11018 138 12 . . . 11018 139 1 5 5 CD 11018 139 2 Bradley Bradley NNP 11018 139 3 W. W. NNP 11018 139 4 Bishop Bishop NNP 11018 139 5 and and CC 11018 139 6 Shari Shari NNP 11018 139 7 R. R. NNP 11018 139 8 Veil Veil NNP 11018 139 9 , , , 11018 139 10 “ " `` 11018 139 11 Public Public NNP 11018 139 12 Libraries Libraries NNPS 11018 139 13 as as IN 11018 139 14 Post Post NNP 11018 139 15 - - NNP 11018 139 16 Crisis Crisis NNP 11018 139 17 Information Information NNP 11018 139 18 Hubs Hubs NNP 11018 139 19 , , , 11018 139 20 ” " '' 11018 139 21 Public Public NNP 11018 139 22 Library Library NNP 11018 139 23 Quarterly Quarterly NNP 11018 139 24 32 32 CD 11018 139 25 ( ( -LRB- 11018 139 26 2013 2013 CD 11018 139 27 ) ) -RRB- 11018 139 28 : : : 11018 139 29 33–45 33–45 CD 11018 139 30 , , , 11018 139 31 https://doi.org/10.1080/01616846.2013.760390 https://doi.org/10.1080/01616846.2013.760390 NNP 11018 139 32 . . . 11018 140 1 6 6 CD 11018 140 2 Bishop Bishop NNP 11018 140 3 and and CC 11018 140 4 Veil Veil NNP 11018 140 5 . . . 11018 141 1 7 7 CD 11018 141 2 Bishop Bishop NNP 11018 141 3 and and CC 11018 141 4 Veil Veil NNP 11018 141 5 . . . 11018 142 1 8 8 CD 11018 142 2 Bishop Bishop NNP 11018 142 3 and and CC 11018 142 4 Veil Veil NNP 11018 142 5 ; ; : 11018 142 6 Jingjing Jingjing NNP 11018 142 7 Liu Liu NNP 11018 142 8 et et NNP 11018 142 9 al al NNP 11018 142 10 . . NNP 11018 142 11 , , , 11018 142 12 “ " `` 11018 142 13 Social Social NNP 11018 142 14 Media Media NNP 11018 142 15 as as IN 11018 142 16 a a DT 11018 142 17 Tool Tool NNP 11018 142 18 Connecting connect VBG 11018 142 19 with with IN 11018 142 20 Library library JJ 11018 142 21 Users Users NNPS 11018 142 22 in in IN 11018 142 23 Disasters disaster NNS 11018 142 24 : : : 11018 142 25 A a DT 11018 142 26 Case Case NNP 11018 142 27 Study Study NNP 11018 142 28 of of IN 11018 142 29 the the DT 11018 142 30 2015 2015 CD 11018 142 31 Catastrophic Catastrophic NNP 11018 142 32 Flooding Flooding NNP 11018 142 33 in in IN 11018 142 34 South South NNP 11018 142 35 Carolina Carolina NNP 11018 142 36 , , , 11018 142 37 ” " '' 11018 142 38 Science Science NNP 11018 142 39 & & CC 11018 142 40 Technology Technology NNP 11018 142 41 Libraries Libraries NNP 11018 142 42 36 36 CD 11018 142 43 , , , 11018 142 44 no no UH 11018 142 45 . . . 11018 143 1 3 3 LS 11018 143 2 ( ( -LRB- 11018 143 3 July July NNP 11018 143 4 2017 2017 CD 11018 143 5 ) ) -RRB- 11018 143 6 : : : 11018 143 7 274–87 274–87 CD 11018 143 8 , , , 11018 143 9 https://doi.org/10.1080/0194262X.2017.1358128 https://doi.org/10.1080/0194262x.2017.1358128 ADD 11018 143 10 . . . 11018 144 1 9 9 CD 11018 144 2 Charles Charles NNP 11018 144 3 R. R. NNP 11018 144 4 McClure McClure NNP 11018 144 5 et et NNP 11018 144 6 al al NNP 11018 144 7 . . NNP 11018 144 8 , , , 11018 144 9 “ " `` 11018 144 10 Hurricane Hurricane NNP 11018 144 11 Preparedness Preparedness NNP 11018 144 12 and and CC 11018 144 13 Response Response NNP 11018 144 14 for for IN 11018 144 15 Florida Florida NNP 11018 144 16 Public Public NNP 11018 144 17 Libraries Libraries NNPS 11018 144 18 : : : 11018 144 19 Best good JJS 11018 144 20 Practices Practices NNPS 11018 144 21 and and CC 11018 144 22 Strategies strategy NNS 11018 144 23 , , , 11018 144 24 ” " '' 11018 144 25 Florida Florida NNP 11018 144 26 Libraries Libraries NNP 11018 144 27 52 52 CD 11018 144 28 , , , 11018 144 29 no no UH 11018 144 30 . . . 11018 145 1 1 1 CD 11018 145 2 ( ( -LRB- 11018 145 3 2009 2009 CD 11018 145 4 ) ) -RRB- 11018 145 5 : : : 11018 145 6 4–7 4–7 CD 11018 145 7 . . . 11018 146 1 10 10 CD 11018 146 2 Michael Michael NNP 11018 146 3 Kelley Kelley NNP 11018 146 4 , , , 11018 146 5 “ " `` 11018 146 6 ALA ALA NNP 11018 146 7 Midwinter Midwinter NNP 11018 146 8 2011 2011 CD 11018 146 9 : : : 11018 146 10 FEMA FEMA NNP 11018 146 11 Recognizes recognize VBZ 11018 146 12 Libraries library NNS 11018 146 13 as as IN 11018 146 14 Essential Essential NNP 11018 146 15 Community Community NNP 11018 146 16 Organizations Organizations NNP 11018 146 17 , , , 11018 146 18 ” " '' 11018 146 19 School School NNP 11018 146 20 Library Library NNP 11018 146 21 Journal Journal NNP 11018 146 22 , , , 11018 146 23 Jan. January NNP 11018 146 24 11 11 CD 11018 146 25 , , , 11018 146 26 2011 2011 CD 11018 146 27 , , , 11018 146 28 http://lj.libraryjournal.com/2011/01/industry-news/ala-midwinter-2011-fema-recognizes- http://lj.libraryjournal.com/2011/01/industry-news/ala-midwinter-2011-fema-recognizes- NNP 11018 146 29 libraries library NNS 11018 146 30 - - : 11018 146 31 as as IN 11018 146 32 - - HYPH 11018 146 33 essential essential JJ 11018 146 34 - - HYPH 11018 146 35 community community NN 11018 146 36 - - HYPH 11018 146 37 organizations/. organizations/. NN 11018 147 1 11 11 CD 11018 147 2 Kelley Kelley NNP 11018 147 3 . . . 11018 148 1 12 12 CD 11018 148 2 Maureen Maureen NNP 11018 148 3 M. M. NNP 11018 148 4 Garvey Garvey NNP 11018 148 5 , , , 11018 148 6 “ " `` 11018 148 7 Serving serve VBG 11018 148 8 A a DT 11018 148 9 Public Public NNP 11018 148 10 Library Library NNP 11018 148 11 Community Community NNP 11018 148 12 After after IN 11018 148 13 A A NNP 11018 148 14 Natural Natural NNP 11018 148 15 Disaster disaster NN 11018 148 16 : : : 11018 148 17 Recovering recover VBG 11018 148 18 From from IN 11018 148 19 ‘ ' `` 11018 148 20 Hurricane Hurricane NNP 11018 148 21 Sandy Sandy NNP 11018 148 22 , , , 11018 148 23 ’ ' '' 11018 148 24 ” " '' 11018 148 25 Journal Journal NNP 11018 148 26 of of IN 11018 148 27 the the DT 11018 148 28 Leadership Leadership NNP 11018 148 29 & & CC 11018 148 30 Management Management NNP 11018 148 31 Section Section NNP 11018 148 32 11 11 CD 11018 148 33 , , , 11018 148 34 no no UH 11018 148 35 . . . 11018 149 1 2 2 LS 11018 149 2 ( ( -LRB- 11018 149 3 Spring Spring NNP 11018 149 4 2015 2015 CD 11018 149 5 ) ) -RRB- 11018 149 6 : : : 11018 149 7 22–31 22–31 LS 11018 149 8 ; ; : 11018 149 9 Cathleen Cathleen NNP 11018 149 10 A. a. NN 11018 149 11 Merenda Merenda NNP 11018 149 12 , , , 11018 149 13 “ " `` 11018 149 14 How how WRB 11018 149 15 the the DT 11018 149 16 Westbury Westbury NNP 11018 149 17 Library Library NNP 11018 149 18 Helped help VBD 11018 149 19 the the DT 11018 149 20 Community Community NNP 11018 149 21 after after IN 11018 149 22 Hurricane Hurricane NNP 11018 149 23 Sandy Sandy NNP 11018 149 24 , , , 11018 149 25 ” " '' 11018 149 26 Journal Journal NNP 11018 149 27 of of IN 11018 149 28 the the DT 11018 149 29 Leadership Leadership NNP 11018 149 30 & & CC 11018 149 31 Management Management NNP 11018 149 32 Section Section NNP 11018 149 33 11 11 CD 11018 149 34 , , , 11018 149 35 no no UH 11018 149 36 . . . 11018 150 1 2 2 LS 11018 150 2 ( ( -LRB- 11018 150 3 Spring Spring NNP 11018 150 4 2015 2015 CD 11018 150 5 ) ) -RRB- 11018 150 6 : : : 11018 150 7 32 32 CD 11018 150 8 – – : 11018 150 9 34 34 CD 11018 150 10 . . . 11018 151 1 13 13 CD 11018 151 2 Sarah Sarah NNP 11018 151 3 Bayliss Bayliss NNP 11018 151 4 , , , 11018 151 5 Shelley Shelley NNP 11018 151 6 Vale Vale NNP 11018 151 7 , , , 11018 151 8 and and CC 11018 151 9 Mahnaz Mahnaz NNP 11018 151 10 Dar Dar NNP 11018 151 11 , , , 11018 151 12 “ " `` 11018 151 13 Libraries librarie VBZ 11018 151 14 Respond Respond NNP 11018 151 15 to to IN 11018 151 16 Hurricane Hurricane NNP 11018 151 17 Sandy Sandy NNP 11018 151 18 , , , 11018 151 19 Offering Offering NNP 11018 151 20 Refuge Refuge NNP 11018 151 21 , , , 11018 151 22 WiFi WiFi NNP 11018 151 23 , , , 11018 151 24 and and CC 11018 151 25 Services Services NNPS 11018 151 26 to to IN 11018 151 27 Needy Needy NNP 11018 151 28 Communities Communities NNPS 11018 151 29 , , , 11018 151 30 ” " '' 11018 151 31 School School NNP 11018 151 32 Library Library NNP 11018 151 33 Journal Journal NNP 11018 151 34 , , , 11018 151 35 Nov. November NNP 11018 151 36 1 1 CD 11018 151 37 , , , 11018 151 38 2012 2012 CD 11018 151 39 , , , 11018 151 40 http://www.slj.com/2012/11/public-libraries/libraries-respond-to-hurricane-sandy-offering- http://www.slj.com/2012/11/public-libraries/libraries-respond-to-hurricane-sandy-offering- NNP 11018 151 41 refuge refuge NN 11018 151 42 - - HYPH 11018 151 43 wifi wifi NN 11018 151 44 - - HYPH 11018 151 45 and and CC 11018 151 46 - - HYPH 11018 151 47 services service NNS 11018 151 48 - - HYPH 11018 151 49 to to IN 11018 151 50 - - HYPH 11018 151 51 needy needy NN 11018 151 52 - - HYPH 11018 151 53 communities/ communities/ NN 11018 151 54 ; ; : 11018 151 55 Joel Joel NNP 11018 151 56 Rose Rose NNP 11018 151 57 , , , 11018 151 58 “ " `` 11018 151 59 For for IN 11018 151 60 Disaster Disaster NNP 11018 151 61 Preparedness preparedness NN 11018 151 62 : : : 11018 151 63 Pack pack VB 11018 151 64 A a DT 11018 151 65 Library library NN 11018 151 66 Card card NN 11018 151 67 ? ? . 11018 152 1 : : : 11018 152 2 NPR NPR NNP 11018 152 3 , , , 11018 152 4 ” " '' 11018 152 5 NPR NPR NNP 11018 152 6 , , , 11018 152 7 Aug. August NNP 11018 152 8 12 12 CD 11018 152 9 , , , 11018 152 10 2013 2013 CD 11018 152 11 , , , 11018 152 12 https://www.npr.org/2013/08/12/210541233/for-disasters-pack-a-first-aid-kit-bottled- https://www.npr.org/2013/08/12/210541233/for-disasters-pack-a-first-aid-kit-bottled- CD 11018 152 13 water water NN 11018 152 14 - - HYPH 11018 152 15 and and CC 11018 152 16 - - HYPH 11018 152 17 a a DT 11018 152 18 - - HYPH 11018 152 19 library library NN 11018 152 20 - - HYPH 11018 152 21 card card NN 11018 152 22 . . . 11018 153 1 14 14 CD 11018 153 2 “ " `` 11018 153 3 Disaster Disaster NNP 11018 153 4 Preparedness Preparedness NNP 11018 153 5 and and CC 11018 153 6 Recovery Recovery NNP 11018 153 7 , , , 11018 153 8 ” " '' 11018 153 9 ALA ALA NNP 11018 153 10 Advocacy Advocacy NNP 11018 153 11 , , , 11018 153 12 Legislation Legislation NNP 11018 153 13 & & CC 11018 153 14 Issues Issues NNP 11018 153 15 , , , 11018 153 16 2017 2017 CD 11018 153 17 , , , 11018 153 18 http://www.ala.org/advocacy/govinfo/disasterpreparedness http://www.ala.org/advocacy/govinfo/disasterpreparedness NNP 11018 153 19 . . . 11018 154 1 INFORMATION INFORMATION NNP 11018 154 2 TECHNOLOGY technology NN 11018 154 3 AND and CC 11018 154 4 LIBRARIES LIBRARIES NNP 11018 154 5 | | NNP 11018 154 6 JUNE JUNE NNP 11018 154 7 2019 2019 CD 11018 154 8 47 47 CD 11018 154 9 15 15 CD 11018 154 10 Bishop Bishop NNP 11018 154 11 and and CC 11018 154 12 Veil Veil NNP 11018 154 13 , , , 11018 154 14 “ " `` 11018 154 15 Public Public NNP 11018 154 16 Libraries Libraries NNPS 11018 154 17 as as IN 11018 154 18 Post Post NNP 11018 154 19 - - NNP 11018 154 20 Crisis Crisis NNP 11018 154 21 Information Information NNP 11018 154 22 Hubs Hubs NNP 11018 154 23 . . . 11018 154 24 ” " '' 11018 154 25 16 16 CD 11018 154 26 Lisl Lisl NNP 11018 154 27 Zach Zach NNP 11018 154 28 , , , 11018 154 29 “ " `` 11018 154 30 What what WP 11018 154 31 Do do VBP 11018 154 32 I -PRON- PRP 11018 154 33 Do do VB 11018 154 34 in in IN 11018 154 35 an an DT 11018 154 36 Emergency emergency NN 11018 154 37 ? ? . 11018 155 1 The the DT 11018 155 2 Role Role NNP 11018 155 3 of of IN 11018 155 4 Public public JJ 11018 155 5 Libraries Libraries NNPS 11018 155 6 in in IN 11018 155 7 Providing provide VBG 11018 155 8 Information information NN 11018 155 9 During during IN 11018 155 10 Times Times NNP 11018 155 11 of of IN 11018 155 12 Crisis Crisis NNP 11018 155 13 , , , 11018 155 14 ” " '' 11018 155 15 Science Science NNP 11018 155 16 & & CC 11018 155 17 Technology Technology NNP 11018 155 18 Libraries Libraries NNP 11018 155 19 30 30 CD 11018 155 20 , , , 11018 155 21 no no UH 11018 155 22 . . . 11018 156 1 4 4 LS 11018 156 2 ( ( -LRB- 11018 156 3 Sept. September NNP 11018 156 4 2011 2011 CD 11018 156 5 ) ) -RRB- 11018 156 6 : : : 11018 156 7 404–13 404–13 CD 11018 156 8 , , , 11018 156 9 https://doi.org/10.1080/0194262X.2011.626341 https://doi.org/10.1080/0194262x.2011.626341 ADD 11018 156 10 . . . 11018 157 1 17 17 CD 11018 157 2 Bishop Bishop NNP 11018 157 3 and and CC 11018 157 4 Veil Veil NNP 11018 157 5 , , , 11018 157 6 “ " `` 11018 157 7 Public Public NNP 11018 157 8 Libraries Libraries NNPS 11018 157 9 as as IN 11018 157 10 Post Post NNP 11018 157 11 - - NNP 11018 157 12 Crisis Crisis NNP 11018 157 13 Information Information NNP 11018 157 14 Hubs Hubs NNP 11018 157 15 . . . 11018 157 16 ” " '' 11018 157 17 18 18 CD 11018 157 18 Liu Liu NNP 11018 157 19 et et NNP 11018 157 20 al al NNP 11018 157 21 . . NNP 11018 157 22 , , , 11018 157 23 “ " `` 11018 157 24 Social Social NNP 11018 157 25 Media Media NNP 11018 157 26 as as IN 11018 157 27 a a DT 11018 157 28 Tool Tool NNP 11018 157 29 Connecting connect VBG 11018 157 30 with with IN 11018 157 31 Library library JJ 11018 157 32 Users Users NNPS 11018 157 33 in in IN 11018 157 34 Disasters disaster NNS 11018 157 35 : : : 11018 157 36 A a DT 11018 157 37 Case Case NNP 11018 157 38 Study Study NNP 11018 157 39 of of IN 11018 157 40 the the DT 11018 157 41 2015 2015 CD 11018 157 42 Catastrophic Catastrophic NNP 11018 157 43 Flooding Flooding NNP 11018 157 44 in in IN 11018 157 45 South South NNP 11018 157 46 Carolina Carolina NNP 11018 157 47 ” " '' 11018 157 48 ; ; : 11018 157 49 Zach zach VB 11018 157 50 , , , 11018 157 51 “ " `` 11018 157 52 What what WP 11018 157 53 Do do VBP 11018 157 54 I -PRON- PRP 11018 157 55 Do do VB 11018 157 56 in in IN 11018 157 57 an an DT 11018 157 58 Emergency emergency NN 11018 157 59 ? ? . 11018 157 60 ” " '' 11018 157 61 19 19 CD 11018 157 62 Virtual virtual JJ 11018 157 63 Social social JJ 11018 157 64 Media medium NNS 11018 157 65 Working Working NNP 11018 157 66 Group Group NNP 11018 157 67 and and CC 11018 157 68 DHS DHS NNP 11018 157 69 First First NNP 11018 157 70 Responders Responders NNPS 11018 157 71 Group Group NNP 11018 157 72 , , , 11018 157 73 “ " `` 11018 157 74 Lessons lesson NNS 11018 157 75 Learned learn VBN 11018 157 76 . . . 11018 157 77 ” " '' 11018 157 78 20 20 CD 11018 157 79 David David NNP 11018 157 80 Alexander Alexander NNP 11018 157 81 , , , 11018 157 82 “ " `` 11018 157 83 Social Social NNP 11018 157 84 Media Media NNP 11018 157 85 in in IN 11018 157 86 Disaster Disaster NNP 11018 157 87 Risk Risk NNP 11018 157 88 Reduction Reduction NNP 11018 157 89 and and CC 11018 157 90 Crisis Crisis NNP 11018 157 91 Management Management NNP 11018 157 92 , , , 11018 157 93 ” " '' 11018 157 94 Science Science NNP 11018 157 95 & & CC 11018 157 96 Engineering Engineering NNP 11018 157 97 Ethics Ethics NNP 11018 157 98 20 20 CD 11018 157 99 , , , 11018 157 100 no no UH 11018 157 101 . . . 11018 158 1 3 3 LS 11018 158 2 ( ( -LRB- 11018 158 3 Sept. September NNP 11018 158 4 2014 2014 CD 11018 158 5 ) ) -RRB- 11018 158 6 : : : 11018 158 7 717–33 717–33 CD 11018 158 8 , , , 11018 158 9 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-013-9502- https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-013-9502- NFP 11018 158 10 z. z. NNP 11018 159 1 21 21 CD 11018 159 2 Alexander Alexander NNP 11018 159 3 ; ; : 11018 159 4 Liu Liu NNP 11018 159 5 et et NNP 11018 159 6 al al NNP 11018 159 7 . . NNP 11018 159 8 , , , 11018 159 9 “ " `` 11018 159 10 Social Social NNP 11018 159 11 Media Media NNP 11018 159 12 as as IN 11018 159 13 a a DT 11018 159 14 Tool Tool NNP 11018 159 15 ” " '' 11018 159 16 ; ; : 11018 159 17 Virtual virtual JJ 11018 159 18 Social social JJ 11018 159 19 Media medium NNS 11018 159 20 Working Working NNP 11018 159 21 Group Group NNP 11018 159 22 and and CC 11018 159 23 DHS DHS NNP 11018 159 24 First First NNP 11018 159 25 Responders Responders NNPS 11018 159 26 Group Group NNP 11018 159 27 , , , 11018 159 28 “ " `` 11018 159 29 Lessons lesson NNS 11018 159 30 Learned learn VBN 11018 159 31 . . . 11018 159 32 ” " '' 11018 159 33 22 22 CD 11018 159 34 Alexander Alexander NNP 11018 159 35 , , , 11018 159 36 “ " `` 11018 159 37 Social Social NNP 11018 159 38 Media Media NNP 11018 159 39 in in IN 11018 159 40 Disaster Disaster NNP 11018 159 41 Risk Risk NNP 11018 159 42 Reduction Reduction NNP 11018 159 43 . . . 11018 159 44 ” " '' 11018 159 45 23 23 CD 11018 159 46 Liu Liu NNP 11018 159 47 et et NNP 11018 159 48 al al NNP 11018 159 49 . . NNP 11018 159 50 , , , 11018 159 51 “ " `` 11018 159 52 Social Social NNP 11018 159 53 Media Media NNP 11018 159 54 as as IN 11018 159 55 a a DT 11018 159 56 Tool Tool NNP 11018 159 57 . . . 11018 159 58 ” " '' 11018 159 59 24 24 CD 11018 159 60 Alexander Alexander NNP 11018 159 61 , , , 11018 159 62 “ " `` 11018 159 63 Social Social NNP 11018 159 64 Media Media NNP 11018 159 65 in in IN 11018 159 66 Disaster Disaster NNP 11018 159 67 Risk Risk NNP 11018 159 68 Reduction Reduction NNP 11018 159 69 . . . 11018 159 70 ” " '' 11018 159 71 25 25 CD 11018 159 72 Bishop Bishop NNP 11018 159 73 and and CC 11018 159 74 Veil Veil NNP 11018 159 75 , , , 11018 159 76 “ " `` 11018 159 77 Public Public NNP 11018 159 78 Libraries Libraries NNPS 11018 159 79 as as IN 11018 159 80 Post Post NNP 11018 159 81 - - NNP 11018 159 82 Crisis Crisis NNP 11018 159 83 Information Information NNP 11018 159 84 Hubs Hubs NNP 11018 159 85 . . . 11018 159 86 ” " '' 11018 159 87 26 26 CD 11018 159 88 Alexander Alexander NNP 11018 159 89 , , , 11018 159 90 “ " `` 11018 159 91 Social Social NNP 11018 159 92 Media Media NNP 11018 159 93 in in IN 11018 159 94 Disaster Disaster NNP 11018 159 95 Risk Risk NNP 11018 159 96 Reduction Reduction NNP 11018 159 97 . . . 11018 159 98 ” " '' 11018 159 99 27 27 CD 11018 159 100 Bayliss Bayliss NNP 11018 159 101 , , , 11018 159 102 Vale Vale NNP 11018 159 103 , , , 11018 159 104 and and CC 11018 159 105 Dar Dar NNP 11018 159 106 , , , 11018 159 107 “ " `` 11018 159 108 Libraries librarie VBZ 11018 159 109 Respond Respond NNP 11018 159 110 . . . 11018 159 111 ” " '' 11018 159 112 28 28 CD 11018 159 113 Liu Liu NNP 11018 159 114 et et NNP 11018 159 115 al al NNP 11018 159 116 . . NNP 11018 159 117 , , , 11018 159 118 “ " `` 11018 159 119 Social Social NNP 11018 159 120 Media Media NNP 11018 159 121 as as IN 11018 159 122 a a DT 11018 159 123 Tool Tool NNP 11018 159 124 . . . 11018 159 125 ” " '' 11018 159 126 29 29 CD 11018 159 127 Liu Liu NNP 11018 159 128 et et NNP 11018 159 129 al al NNP 11018 159 130 . . . 11018 160 1 ; ; : 11018 160 2 Zach zach VB 11018 160 3 , , , 11018 160 4 “ " `` 11018 160 5 What what WP 11018 160 6 Do do VBP 11018 160 7 I -PRON- PRP 11018 160 8 Do do VB 11018 160 9 in in IN 11018 160 10 an an DT 11018 160 11 Emergency emergency NN 11018 160 12 ? ? . 11018 160 13 ” " '' 11018 160 14 30 30 CD 11018 160 15 Deborah Deborah NNP 11018 160 16 D. D. NNP 11018 160 17 Halsted Halsted NNP 11018 160 18 , , , 11018 160 19 Library Library NNP 11018 160 20 as as IN 11018 160 21 Safe Safe NNP 11018 160 22 Haven Haven NNP 11018 160 23 : : : 11018 160 24 Disaster Disaster NNP 11018 160 25 Planning Planning NNP 11018 160 26 , , , 11018 160 27 Response Response NNP 11018 160 28 , , , 11018 160 29 and and CC 11018 160 30 Recovery recovery NN 11018 160 31 : : : 11018 160 32 A a DT 11018 160 33 How How NNP 11018 160 34 - - HYPH 11018 160 35 to- to- NNP 11018 160 36 Do do VB 11018 160 37 - - : 11018 160 38 It -PRON- PRP 11018 160 39 Manual Manual NNP 11018 160 40 for for IN 11018 160 41 Librarians Librarians NNPS 11018 160 42 , , , 11018 160 43 First First NNP 11018 160 44 Edition Edition NNP 11018 160 45 ( ( -LRB- 11018 160 46 Chicago Chicago NNP 11018 160 47 : : : 11018 160 48 American American NNP 11018 160 49 Library Library NNP 11018 160 50 Association Association NNP 11018 160 51 , , , 11018 160 52 2014 2014 CD 11018 160 53 ) ) -RRB- 11018 160 54 . . . 11018 161 1 31 31 CD 11018 161 2 George George NNP 11018 161 3 M. M. NNP 11018 161 4 Eberhart Eberhart NNP 11018 161 5 , , , 11018 161 6 “ " `` 11018 161 7 Libraries library NNS 11018 161 8 Weather weather VBP 11018 161 9 the the DT 11018 161 10 Superstorm superstorm NN 11018 161 11 , , , 11018 161 12 ” " '' 11018 161 13 American American NNP 11018 161 14 Libraries Libraries NNP 11018 161 15 Magazine Magazine NNP 11018 161 16 , , , 11018 161 17 Nov. November NNP 11018 161 18 4 4 CD 11018 161 19 , , , 11018 161 20 2012 2012 CD 11018 161 21 , , , 11018 161 22 https://americanlibrariesmagazine.org/2012/11/04/libraries-weather-the- https://americanlibrariesmagazine.org/2012/11/04/libraries-weather-the- NNP 11018 161 23 superstorm/ superstorm/ NN 11018 161 24 ; ; : 11018 161 25 Rose Rose NNP 11018 161 26 , , , 11018 161 27 “ " `` 11018 161 28 For for IN 11018 161 29 Disaster Disaster NNP 11018 161 30 Preparedness Preparedness NNP 11018 161 31 . . . 11018 161 32 ” " '' 11018 161 33 32 32 CD 11018 161 34 Bayliss Bayliss NNP 11018 161 35 , , , 11018 161 36 Vale Vale NNP 11018 161 37 , , , 11018 161 38 and and CC 11018 161 39 Dar Dar NNP 11018 161 40 , , , 11018 161 41 “ " `` 11018 161 42 Libraries librarie VBZ 11018 161 43 Respond Respond NNP 11018 161 44 ” " '' 11018 161 45 ; ; : 11018 161 46 Eberhart eberhart VB 11018 161 47 , , , 11018 161 48 “ " `` 11018 161 49 Libraries library NNS 11018 161 50 Weather weather VBP 11018 161 51 the the DT 11018 161 52 Superstorm superstorm NN 11018 161 53 ” " '' 11018 161 54 ; ; : 11018 161 55 Rose Rose NNP 11018 161 56 , , , 11018 161 57 “ " `` 11018 161 58 For for IN 11018 161 59 Disaster Disaster NNP 11018 161 60 Preparedness Preparedness NNP 11018 161 61 . . . 11018 161 62 ” " '' 11018 161 63 33 33 CD 11018 161 64 Bayliss Bayliss NNP 11018 161 65 , , , 11018 161 66 Vale Vale NNP 11018 161 67 , , , 11018 161 68 and and CC 11018 161 69 Dar Dar NNP 11018 161 70 , , , 11018 161 71 “ " `` 11018 161 72 Libraries librarie VBZ 11018 161 73 Respond Respond NNP 11018 161 74 . . . 11018 161 75 ” " '' 11018 161 76 WEATHERING weather VBG 11018 161 77 THE the DT 11018 161 78 TWITTER TWITTER NNP 11018 161 79 STORM storm NN 11018 161 80 | | VBD 11018 161 81 HAN HAN NNP 11018 161 82 48 48 CD 11018 161 83 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v38i2.11018 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v38i2.11018 CD 11018 161 84 34 34 CD 11018 161 85 Bayliss Bayliss NNP 11018 161 86 , , , 11018 161 87 Vale Vale NNP 11018 161 88 , , , 11018 161 89 and and CC 11018 161 90 Dar Dar NNP 11018 161 91 ; ; : 11018 161 92 Eberhart Eberhart NNP 11018 161 93 , , , 11018 161 94 “ " `` 11018 161 95 Libraries library NNS 11018 161 96 Weather weather VBP 11018 161 97 the the DT 11018 161 98 Superstorm superstorm NN 11018 161 99 ” " '' 11018 161 100 ; ; : 11018 161 101 Lisa Lisa NNP 11018 161 102 Epps Epps NNP 11018 161 103 and and CC 11018 161 104 Kelvin Kelvin NNP 11018 161 105 Watson Watson NNP 11018 161 106 , , , 11018 161 107 “ " `` 11018 161 108 EMERGENCY emergency NN 11018 161 109 ! ! . 11018 162 1 How how WRB 11018 162 2 Queens Queens NNP 11018 162 3 Library Library NNP 11018 162 4 Came come VBD 11018 162 5 to to IN 11018 162 6 Patrons patron NNS 11018 162 7 ’ ’ POS 11018 162 8 Rescue Rescue NNP 11018 162 9 After after IN 11018 162 10 Hurricane Hurricane NNP 11018 162 11 Sandy Sandy NNP 11018 162 12 , , , 11018 162 13 ” " '' 11018 162 14 Computers computer NNS 11018 162 15 in in IN 11018 162 16 Libraries Libraries NNP 11018 162 17 34 34 CD 11018 162 18 , , , 11018 162 19 no no UH 11018 162 20 . . . 11018 163 1 10 10 CD 11018 163 2 ( ( -LRB- 11018 163 3 Dec. December NNP 11018 163 4 2014 2014 CD 11018 163 5 ) ) -RRB- 11018 163 6 : : : 11018 163 7 3–30 3–30 NNP 11018 163 8 ; ; : 11018 163 9 Rose Rose NNP 11018 163 10 , , , 11018 163 11 “ " `` 11018 163 12 For for IN 11018 163 13 Disaster Disaster NNP 11018 163 14 Preparedness Preparedness NNP 11018 163 15 . . . 11018 163 16 ” " '' 11018 163 17 35 35 CD 11018 163 18 Alexander Alexander NNP 11018 163 19 , , , 11018 163 20 “ " `` 11018 163 21 Social Social NNP 11018 163 22 Media Media NNP 11018 163 23 in in IN 11018 163 24 Disaster Disaster NNP 11018 163 25 Risk Risk NNP 11018 163 26 Reduction Reduction NNP 11018 163 27 . . . 11018 163 28 ” " '' 11018 163 29 36 36 CD 11018 163 30 Benefits benefit NNS 11018 163 31 listed list VBN 11018 163 32 and and CC 11018 163 33 defined define VBN 11018 163 34 in in IN 11018 163 35 Alexander Alexander NNP 11018 163 36 , , , 11018 163 37 David David NNP 11018 163 38 . . . 11018 164 1 “ " `` 11018 164 2 Social Social NNP 11018 164 3 Media Media NNP 11018 164 4 in in IN 11018 164 5 Disaster Disaster NNP 11018 164 6 Risk Risk NNP 11018 164 7 Reduction Reduction NNP 11018 164 8 and and CC 11018 164 9 Crisis Crisis NNP 11018 164 10 Management Management NNP 11018 164 11 . . . 11018 164 12 ” " '' 11018 164 13 Science Science NNP 11018 164 14 & & CC 11018 164 15 Engineering Engineering NNP 11018 164 16 Ethics Ethics NNP 11018 164 17 20 20 CD 11018 164 18 , , , 11018 164 19 no no UH 11018 164 20 . . . 11018 165 1 3 3 LS 11018 165 2 ( ( -LRB- 11018 165 3 Sept. September NNP 11018 165 4 2014 2014 CD 11018 165 5 ) ) -RRB- 11018 165 6 : : : 11018 165 7 717–33 717–33 CD 11018 165 8 . . . 11018 166 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-013-9502-z https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-013-9502-z NNP 11018 166 2 . . . 11018 167 1 37 37 CD 11018 167 2 Eberhart Eberhart NNP 11018 167 3 , , , 11018 167 4 “ " `` 11018 167 5 Libraries library NNS 11018 167 6 Weather weather VBP 11018 167 7 the the DT 11018 167 8 Superstorm superstorm NN 11018 167 9 ” " '' 11018 167 10 ; ; : 11018 167 11 Rose Rose NNP 11018 167 12 , , , 11018 167 13 “ " `` 11018 167 14 For for IN 11018 167 15 Disaster Disaster NNP 11018 167 16 Preparedness Preparedness NNP 11018 167 17 . . . 11018 167 18 ” " '' 11018 167 19 38 38 CD 11018 167 20 Zach Zach NNP 11018 167 21 , , , 11018 167 22 “ " `` 11018 167 23 What what WP 11018 167 24 Do do VBP 11018 167 25 I -PRON- PRP 11018 167 26 Do do VB 11018 167 27 in in IN 11018 167 28 an an DT 11018 167 29 Emergency emergency NN 11018 167 30 ? ? . 11018 167 31 ” " '' 11018 167 32 39 39 CD 11018 167 33 Virtual virtual JJ 11018 167 34 Social social JJ 11018 167 35 Media medium NNS 11018 167 36 Working Working NNP 11018 167 37 Group Group NNP 11018 167 38 and and CC 11018 167 39 DHS DHS NNP 11018 167 40 First First NNP 11018 167 41 Responders Responders NNPS 11018 167 42 Group Group NNP 11018 167 43 , , , 11018 167 44 “ " `` 11018 167 45 Lessons lesson NNS 11018 167 46 Learned learn VBN 11018 167 47 . . . 11018 167 48 ” " '' 11018 167 49 40 40 CD 11018 167 50 Rachel Rachel NNP 11018 167 51 N. N. NNP 11018 167 52 Simons Simons NNP 11018 167 53 , , , 11018 167 54 Melissa Melissa NNP 11018 167 55 G. G. NNP 11018 167 56 Ocepek Ocepek NNP 11018 167 57 , , , 11018 167 58 and and CC 11018 167 59 Lecia Lecia NNP 11018 167 60 J. J. NNP 11018 167 61 Barker Barker NNP 11018 167 62 , , , 11018 167 63 “ " `` 11018 167 64 Teaching teach VBG 11018 167 65 Tweeting tweeting NN 11018 167 66 : : : 11018 167 67 Recommendations recommendation NNS 11018 167 68 for for IN 11018 167 69 Teaching teach VBG 11018 167 70 Social Social NNP 11018 167 71 Media Media NNPS 11018 167 72 Work Work NNP 11018 167 73 in in IN 11018 167 74 LIS LIS NNP 11018 167 75 and and CC 11018 167 76 MSIS MSIS NNP 11018 167 77 Programs Programs NNPS 11018 167 78 , , , 11018 167 79 ” " '' 11018 167 80 Journal Journal NNP 11018 167 81 of of IN 11018 167 82 Education Education NNP 11018 167 83 for for IN 11018 167 84 Library Library NNP 11018 167 85 and and CC 11018 167 86 Information Information NNP 11018 167 87 Science Science NNP 11018 167 88 57 57 CD 11018 167 89 , , , 11018 167 90 no no UH 11018 167 91 . . . 11018 168 1 1 1 LS 11018 168 2 ( ( -LRB- 11018 168 3 Dec. December NNP 11018 168 4 1 1 CD 11018 168 5 , , , 11018 168 6 2016 2016 CD 11018 168 7 ) ) -RRB- 11018 168 8 : : : 11018 168 9 21–30 21–30 NNP 11018 168 10 , , , 11018 168 11 https://doi.org/10.3138/jelis.57.1.21 https://doi.org/10.3138/jelis.57.1.21 ADD 11018 168 12 . . . 11018 169 1 41 41 CD 11018 169 2 Alexander Alexander NNP 11018 169 3 , , , 11018 169 4 “ " `` 11018 169 5 Social Social NNP 11018 169 6 Media Media NNP 11018 169 7 in in IN 11018 169 8 Disaster Disaster NNP 11018 169 9 Risk Risk NNP 11018 169 10 Reduction Reduction NNP 11018 169 11 . . . 11018 169 12 ” " ''