id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
12483	1	1	Automated	Automated	NNP
12483	1	2	Fake	Fake	NNP
12483	1	3	News	News	NNP
12483	1	4	Detection	Detection	NNP
12483	1	5	in	in	IN
12483	1	6	the	the	DT
12483	1	7	Age	Age	NNP
12483	1	8	of	of	IN
12483	1	9	Digital	Digital	NNP
12483	1	10	Libraries	Libraries	NNPS
12483	1	11	ARTICLE	ARTICLE	NNP
12483	1	12	Automated	Automated	NNP
12483	1	13	Fake	Fake	NNP
12483	1	14	News	News	NNP
12483	1	15	Detection	Detection	NNP
12483	1	16	in	in	IN
12483	1	17	the	the	DT
12483	1	18	Age	Age	NNP
12483	1	19	of	of	IN
12483	1	20	Digital	Digital	NNP
12483	1	21	Libraries	Libraries	NNP
12483	1	22	Uğur	Uğur	NNP
12483	1	23	Mertoğlu	Mertoğlu	NNP
12483	1	24	and	and	CC
12483	1	25	Burkay	Burkay	NNP
12483	1	26	Genç	Genç	NNP
12483	1	27	INFORMATION	INFORMATION	VBD
12483	1	28	TECHNOLOGY	technology	NN
12483	1	29	AND	and	CC
12483	1	30	LIBRARIES	library	NNS
12483	1	31	|	|	NNS
12483	1	32	DECEMBER	DECEMBER	NNS
12483	1	33	2020	2020	CD
12483	1	34	https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v39i4.12483	https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v39i4.12483	NNP
12483	1	35	Uğur	Uğur	NNP
12483	1	36	Mertoğlu	Mertoğlu	NNP
12483	1	37	(	(	-LRB-
12483	1	38	umertoglu@hacettepe.edu.tr	umertoglu@hacettepe.edu.tr	NNP
12483	1	39	)	)	-RRB-
12483	1	40	is	be	VBZ
12483	1	41	a	a	DT
12483	1	42	PhD	phd	NN
12483	1	43	Candidate	Candidate	NNP
12483	1	44	,	,	,
12483	1	45	Hacettepe	Hacettepe	NNP
12483	1	46	University	University	NNP
12483	1	47	.	.	.
12483	2	1	Burkay	Burkay	NNP
12483	2	2	Genç	Genç	NNP
12483	2	3	(	(	-LRB-
12483	2	4	bgenc@cs.hacettepe.edu.tr	bgenc@cs.hacettepe.edu.tr	NNP
12483	2	5	)	)	-RRB-
12483	2	6	is	be	VBZ
12483	2	7	Assistant	Assistant	NNP
12483	2	8	Professor	Professor	NNP
12483	2	9	,	,	,
12483	2	10	Hacettepe	Hacettepe	NNP
12483	2	11	University	University	NNP
12483	2	12	.	.	.
12483	3	1	©	©	NNP
12483	3	2	2020	2020	CD
12483	3	3	.	.	.
12483	4	1	ABSTRACT	ABSTRACT	NNP
12483	4	2	The	the	DT
12483	4	3	transformation	transformation	NN
12483	4	4	of	of	IN
12483	4	5	printed	print	VBN
12483	4	6	media	medium	NNS
12483	4	7	into	into	IN
12483	4	8	the	the	DT
12483	4	9	digital	digital	JJ
12483	4	10	environment	environment	NN
12483	4	11	and	and	CC
12483	4	12	the	the	DT
12483	4	13	extensive	extensive	JJ
12483	4	14	use	use	NN
12483	4	15	of	of	IN
12483	4	16	social	social	JJ
12483	4	17	media	medium	NNS
12483	4	18	have	have	VBP
12483	4	19	changed	change	VBN
12483	4	20	the	the	DT
12483	4	21	concept	concept	NN
12483	4	22	of	of	IN
12483	4	23	media	medium	NNS
12483	4	24	literacy	literacy	NN
12483	4	25	and	and	CC
12483	4	26	people	people	NNS
12483	4	27	’s	’s	POS
12483	4	28	habits	habit	NNS
12483	4	29	of	of	IN
12483	4	30	news	news	NN
12483	4	31	consumption	consumption	NN
12483	4	32	.	.	.
12483	5	1	While	while	IN
12483	5	2	online	online	JJ
12483	5	3	news	news	NN
12483	5	4	is	be	VBZ
12483	5	5	faster	fast	JJR
12483	5	6	,	,	,
12483	5	7	easier	easy	JJR
12483	5	8	,	,	,
12483	5	9	comparatively	comparatively	RB
12483	5	10	cheaper	cheap	JJR
12483	5	11	,	,	,
12483	5	12	and	and	CC
12483	5	13	offers	offer	VBZ
12483	5	14	convenience	convenience	NN
12483	5	15	in	in	IN
12483	5	16	terms	term	NNS
12483	5	17	of	of	IN
12483	5	18	people	people	NNS
12483	5	19	's	's	POS
12483	5	20	access	access	NN
12483	5	21	to	to	IN
12483	5	22	information	information	NN
12483	5	23	,	,	,
12483	5	24	it	-PRON-	PRP
12483	5	25	speeds	speed	VBZ
12483	5	26	up	up	RP
12483	5	27	the	the	DT
12483	5	28	dissemination	dissemination	NN
12483	5	29	of	of	IN
12483	5	30	fake	fake	JJ
12483	5	31	news	news	NN
12483	5	32	.	.	.
12483	6	1	Due	due	IN
12483	6	2	to	to	IN
12483	6	3	the	the	DT
12483	6	4	free	free	JJ
12483	6	5	production	production	NN
12483	6	6	and	and	CC
12483	6	7	consumption	consumption	NN
12483	6	8	of	of	IN
12483	6	9	large	large	JJ
12483	6	10	amounts	amount	NNS
12483	6	11	of	of	IN
12483	6	12	data	datum	NNS
12483	6	13	,	,	,
12483	6	14	fact	fact	NN
12483	6	15	-	-	HYPH
12483	6	16	checking	check	VBG
12483	6	17	systems	system	NNS
12483	6	18	powered	power	VBN
12483	6	19	by	by	IN
12483	6	20	human	human	JJ
12483	6	21	efforts	effort	NNS
12483	6	22	are	be	VBP
12483	6	23	not	not	RB
12483	6	24	enough	enough	JJ
12483	6	25	to	to	TO
12483	6	26	question	question	VB
12483	6	27	the	the	DT
12483	6	28	credibility	credibility	NN
12483	6	29	of	of	IN
12483	6	30	the	the	DT
12483	6	31	information	information	NN
12483	6	32	provided	provide	VBN
12483	6	33	,	,	,
12483	6	34	or	or	CC
12483	6	35	to	to	TO
12483	6	36	prevent	prevent	VB
12483	6	37	its	-PRON-	PRP$
12483	6	38	rapid	rapid	JJ
12483	6	39	dissemination	dissemination	NN
12483	6	40	like	like	IN
12483	6	41	a	a	DT
12483	6	42	virus	virus	NN
12483	6	43	.	.	.
12483	7	1	Libraries	library	NNS
12483	7	2	,	,	,
12483	7	3	long	long	RB
12483	7	4	known	know	VBN
12483	7	5	as	as	IN
12483	7	6	sources	source	NNS
12483	7	7	of	of	IN
12483	7	8	trusted	trusted	JJ
12483	7	9	information	information	NN
12483	7	10	,	,	,
12483	7	11	are	be	VBP
12483	7	12	facing	face	VBG
12483	7	13	challenges	challenge	NNS
12483	7	14	caused	cause	VBN
12483	7	15	by	by	IN
12483	7	16	misinformation	misinformation	NN
12483	7	17	as	as	IN
12483	7	18	mentioned	mention	VBN
12483	7	19	in	in	IN
12483	7	20	studies	study	NNS
12483	7	21	about	about	IN
12483	7	22	fake	fake	JJ
12483	7	23	news	news	NN
12483	7	24	and	and	CC
12483	7	25	libraries.1	libraries.1	CD
12483	7	26	Considering	consider	VBG
12483	7	27	that	that	IN
12483	7	28	libraries	library	NNS
12483	7	29	are	be	VBP
12483	7	30	undergoing	undergo	VBG
12483	7	31	digitization	digitization	NN
12483	7	32	processes	process	NNS
12483	7	33	all	all	RB
12483	7	34	over	over	IN
12483	7	35	the	the	DT
12483	7	36	world	world	NN
12483	7	37	and	and	CC
12483	7	38	are	be	VBP
12483	7	39	providing	provide	VBG
12483	7	40	digital	digital	JJ
12483	7	41	media	medium	NNS
12483	7	42	to	to	IN
12483	7	43	their	-PRON-	PRP$
12483	7	44	users	user	NNS
12483	7	45	,	,	,
12483	7	46	it	-PRON-	PRP
12483	7	47	is	be	VBZ
12483	7	48	very	very	RB
12483	7	49	likely	likely	JJ
12483	7	50	that	that	IN
12483	7	51	unverified	unverified	JJ
12483	7	52	digital	digital	JJ
12483	7	53	content	content	NN
12483	7	54	will	will	MD
12483	7	55	be	be	VB
12483	7	56	served	serve	VBN
12483	7	57	by	by	IN
12483	7	58	world	world	NN
12483	7	59	’s	’s	POS
12483	7	60	libraries	library	NNS
12483	7	61	.	.	.
12483	8	1	The	the	DT
12483	8	2	solution	solution	NN
12483	8	3	is	be	VBZ
12483	8	4	to	to	TO
12483	8	5	develop	develop	VB
12483	8	6	automated	automate	VBN
12483	8	7	mechanisms	mechanism	NNS
12483	8	8	that	that	WDT
12483	8	9	can	can	MD
12483	8	10	check	check	VB
12483	8	11	the	the	DT
12483	8	12	credibility	credibility	NN
12483	8	13	of	of	IN
12483	8	14	digital	digital	JJ
12483	8	15	content	content	NN
12483	8	16	served	serve	VBD
12483	8	17	in	in	IN
12483	8	18	libraries	library	NNS
12483	8	19	without	without	IN
12483	8	20	manual	manual	JJ
12483	8	21	validation	validation	NN
12483	8	22	.	.	.
12483	9	1	For	for	IN
12483	9	2	this	this	DT
12483	9	3	purpose	purpose	NN
12483	9	4	,	,	,
12483	9	5	we	-PRON-	PRP
12483	9	6	developed	develop	VBD
12483	9	7	an	an	DT
12483	9	8	automated	automated	JJ
12483	9	9	fake	fake	JJ
12483	9	10	news	news	NN
12483	9	11	detection	detection	NN
12483	9	12	system	system	NN
12483	9	13	based	base	VBN
12483	9	14	on	on	IN
12483	9	15	Turkish	turkish	JJ
12483	9	16	digital	digital	JJ
12483	9	17	news	news	NN
12483	9	18	content	content	NN
12483	9	19	.	.	.
12483	10	1	Our	-PRON-	PRP$
12483	10	2	approach	approach	NN
12483	10	3	can	can	MD
12483	10	4	be	be	VB
12483	10	5	modified	modify	VBN
12483	10	6	for	for	IN
12483	10	7	any	any	DT
12483	10	8	other	other	JJ
12483	10	9	language	language	NN
12483	10	10	if	if	IN
12483	10	11	there	there	EX
12483	10	12	is	be	VBZ
12483	10	13	labelled	label	VBN
12483	10	14	training	training	NN
12483	10	15	material	material	NN
12483	10	16	.	.	.
12483	11	1	This	this	DT
12483	11	2	model	model	NN
12483	11	3	can	can	MD
12483	11	4	be	be	VB
12483	11	5	integrated	integrate	VBN
12483	11	6	into	into	IN
12483	11	7	libraries	library	NNS
12483	11	8	’	’	POS
12483	11	9	digital	digital	JJ
12483	11	10	systems	system	NNS
12483	11	11	to	to	IN
12483	11	12	label	label	NNP
12483	11	13	served	serve	VBD
12483	11	14	news	news	NN
12483	11	15	content	content	NN
12483	11	16	as	as	IN
12483	11	17	potentially	potentially	RB
12483	11	18	fake	fake	JJ
12483	11	19	whenever	whenever	WRB
12483	11	20	necessary	necessary	JJ
12483	11	21	,	,	,
12483	11	22	preventing	prevent	VBG
12483	11	23	uncontrolled	uncontrolled	JJ
12483	11	24	falsehood	falsehood	NN
12483	11	25	dissemination	dissemination	NN
12483	11	26	via	via	IN
12483	11	27	libraries	library	NNS
12483	11	28	.	.	.
12483	12	1	INTRODUCTION	introduction	NN
12483	12	2	Collins	Collins	NNP
12483	12	3	dictionary	dictionary	JJ
12483	12	4	which	which	WDT
12483	12	5	chose	choose	VBD
12483	12	6	the	the	DT
12483	12	7	term	term	NN
12483	12	8	“	"	``
12483	12	9	fake	fake	JJ
12483	12	10	news	news	NN
12483	12	11	”	"	''
12483	12	12	as	as	IN
12483	12	13	the	the	DT
12483	12	14	“	"	``
12483	12	15	Word	Word	NNP
12483	12	16	of	of	IN
12483	12	17	the	the	DT
12483	12	18	Year	year	NN
12483	12	19	2017	2017	CD
12483	12	20	,	,	,
12483	12	21	”	"	''
12483	12	22	describes	describe	VBZ
12483	12	23	news	news	NN
12483	12	24	as	as	IN
12483	12	25	the	the	DT
12483	12	26	actual	actual	JJ
12483	12	27	and	and	CC
12483	12	28	objective	objective	JJ
12483	12	29	presentation	presentation	NN
12483	12	30	of	of	IN
12483	12	31	a	a	DT
12483	12	32	current	current	JJ
12483	12	33	event	event	NN
12483	12	34	,	,	,
12483	12	35	information	information	NN
12483	12	36	,	,	,
12483	12	37	or	or	CC
12483	12	38	situation	situation	NN
12483	12	39	that	that	WDT
12483	12	40	is	be	VBZ
12483	12	41	published	publish	VBN
12483	12	42	in	in	IN
12483	12	43	newspapers	newspaper	NNS
12483	12	44	and	and	CC
12483	12	45	broadcast	broadcast	VBN
12483	12	46	on	on	IN
12483	12	47	radio	radio	NN
12483	12	48	,	,	,
12483	12	49	television	television	NN
12483	12	50	,	,	,
12483	12	51	or	or	CC
12483	12	52	online.2	online.2	CD
12483	12	53	We	-PRON-	PRP
12483	12	54	are	be	VBP
12483	12	55	in	in	IN
12483	12	56	an	an	DT
12483	12	57	era	era	NN
12483	12	58	where	where	WRB
12483	12	59	everything	everything	NN
12483	12	60	goes	go	VBZ
12483	12	61	online	online	RB
12483	12	62	,	,	,
12483	12	63	and	and	CC
12483	12	64	news	news	NN
12483	12	65	is	be	VBZ
12483	12	66	not	not	RB
12483	12	67	an	an	DT
12483	12	68	exception	exception	NN
12483	12	69	.	.	.
12483	13	1	Many	many	JJ
12483	13	2	people	people	NNS
12483	13	3	today	today	NN
12483	13	4	prefer	prefer	VBP
12483	13	5	to	to	TO
12483	13	6	read	read	VB
12483	13	7	their	-PRON-	PRP$
12483	13	8	daily	daily	JJ
12483	13	9	news	news	NN
12483	13	10	online	online	RB
12483	13	11	,	,	,
12483	13	12	because	because	IN
12483	13	13	it	-PRON-	PRP
12483	13	14	is	be	VBZ
12483	13	15	a	a	DT
12483	13	16	cost	cost	NN
12483	13	17	-	-	HYPH
12483	13	18	effective	effective	JJ
12483	13	19	and	and	CC
12483	13	20	convenient	convenient	JJ
12483	13	21	way	way	NN
12483	13	22	to	to	TO
12483	13	23	remain	remain	VB
12483	13	24	up	up	IN
12483	13	25	to	to	IN
12483	13	26	date	date	NN
12483	13	27	.	.	.
12483	14	1	Although	although	IN
12483	14	2	this	this	DT
12483	14	3	convenience	convenience	NN
12483	14	4	has	have	VBZ
12483	14	5	lucrative	lucrative	JJ
12483	14	6	benefits	benefit	NNS
12483	14	7	for	for	IN
12483	14	8	society	society	NN
12483	14	9	,	,	,
12483	14	10	it	-PRON-	PRP
12483	14	11	can	can	MD
12483	14	12	also	also	RB
12483	14	13	have	have	VB
12483	14	14	harmful	harmful	JJ
12483	14	15	side	side	JJ
12483	14	16	effects	effect	NNS
12483	14	17	.	.	.
12483	15	1	Having	have	VBG
12483	15	2	access	access	NN
12483	15	3	to	to	IN
12483	15	4	news	news	NN
12483	15	5	from	from	IN
12483	15	6	multiple	multiple	JJ
12483	15	7	sources	source	NNS
12483	15	8	,	,	,
12483	15	9	anytime	anytime	RB
12483	15	10	,	,	,
12483	15	11	anywhere	anywhere	RB
12483	15	12	has	have	VBZ
12483	15	13	become	become	VBN
12483	15	14	an	an	DT
12483	15	15	irresistible	irresistible	JJ
12483	15	16	part	part	NN
12483	15	17	of	of	IN
12483	15	18	our	-PRON-	PRP$
12483	15	19	daily	daily	JJ
12483	15	20	routines	routine	NNS
12483	15	21	.	.	.
12483	16	1	However	however	RB
12483	16	2	,	,	,
12483	16	3	some	some	DT
12483	16	4	of	of	IN
12483	16	5	these	these	DT
12483	16	6	sources	source	NNS
12483	16	7	may	may	MD
12483	16	8	provide	provide	VB
12483	16	9	unverified	unverified	JJ
12483	16	10	content	content	NN
12483	16	11	which	which	WDT
12483	16	12	can	can	MD
12483	16	13	easily	easily	RB
12483	16	14	be	be	VB
12483	16	15	delivered	deliver	VBN
12483	16	16	right	right	RB
12483	16	17	to	to	IN
12483	16	18	your	-PRON-	PRP$
12483	16	19	mobile	mobile	JJ
12483	16	20	device	device	NN
12483	16	21	.	.	.
12483	17	1	Most	most	RBS
12483	17	2	importantly	importantly	RB
12483	17	3	,	,	,
12483	17	4	potential	potential	JJ
12483	17	5	fake	fake	JJ
12483	17	6	news	news	NN
12483	17	7	content	content	NN
12483	17	8	delivered	deliver	VBN
12483	17	9	by	by	IN
12483	17	10	these	these	DT
12483	17	11	sources	source	NNS
12483	17	12	may	may	MD
12483	17	13	mislead	mislead	VB
12483	17	14	society	society	NN
12483	17	15	and	and	CC
12483	17	16	cause	cause	VB
12483	17	17	social	social	JJ
12483	17	18	disturbances	disturbance	NNS
12483	17	19	such	such	JJ
12483	17	20	as	as	IN
12483	17	21	triggering	trigger	VBG
12483	17	22	violence	violence	NN
12483	17	23	against	against	IN
12483	17	24	ethnic	ethnic	JJ
12483	17	25	minorities	minority	NNS
12483	17	26	and	and	CC
12483	17	27	refugees	refugee	NNS
12483	17	28	,	,	,
12483	17	29	causing	cause	VBG
12483	17	30	unnecessary	unnecessary	JJ
12483	17	31	fear	fear	NN
12483	17	32	related	relate	VBN
12483	17	33	to	to	IN
12483	17	34	health	health	NN
12483	17	35	issues	issue	NNS
12483	17	36	,	,	,
12483	17	37	or	or	CC
12483	17	38	even	even	RB
12483	17	39	sometimes	sometimes	RB
12483	17	40	result	result	VB
12483	17	41	in	in	IN
12483	17	42	crisis	crisis	NN
12483	17	43	,	,	,
12483	17	44	devastating	devastating	JJ
12483	17	45	riots	riot	NNS
12483	17	46	and	and	CC
12483	17	47	strikes	strike	NNS
12483	17	48	.	.	.
12483	18	1	Not	not	RB
12483	18	2	having	have	VBG
12483	18	3	a	a	DT
12483	18	4	steady	steady	JJ
12483	18	5	definition	definition	NN
12483	18	6	compared	compare	VBN
12483	18	7	to	to	IN
12483	18	8	news	news	NN
12483	18	9	,	,	,
12483	18	10	fake	fake	JJ
12483	18	11	news	news	NN
12483	18	12	is	be	VBZ
12483	18	13	often	often	RB
12483	18	14	defined	define	VBN
12483	18	15	according	accord	VBG
12483	18	16	to	to	IN
12483	18	17	the	the	DT
12483	18	18	data	datum	NNS
12483	18	19	used	use	VBN
12483	18	20	or	or	CC
12483	18	21	the	the	DT
12483	18	22	limited	limited	JJ
12483	18	23	perspective	perspective	NN
12483	18	24	of	of	IN
12483	18	25	the	the	DT
12483	18	26	study	study	NN
12483	18	27	in	in	IN
12483	18	28	the	the	DT
12483	18	29	literature	literature	NN
12483	18	30	.	.	.
12483	19	1	For	for	IN
12483	19	2	example	example	NN
12483	19	3	;	;	:
12483	19	4	DiFranzo	DiFranzo	NNP
12483	19	5	and	and	CC
12483	19	6	Gloria-	Gloria-	NNP
12483	19	7	Garcia	Garcia	NNP
12483	19	8	defined	define	VBD
12483	19	9	the	the	DT
12483	19	10	fake	fake	JJ
12483	19	11	news	news	NN
12483	19	12	as	as	IN
12483	19	13	“	"	``
12483	19	14	false	false	JJ
12483	19	15	news	news	NN
12483	19	16	stories	story	NNS
12483	19	17	that	that	WDT
12483	19	18	are	be	VBP
12483	19	19	packaged	package	VBN
12483	19	20	and	and	CC
12483	19	21	published	publish	VBN
12483	19	22	as	as	IN
12483	19	23	if	if	IN
12483	19	24	they	-PRON-	PRP
12483	19	25	were	be	VBD
12483	19	26	genuine	genuine	JJ
12483	19	27	.	.	.
12483	19	28	”3	”3	''
12483	19	29	On	on	IN
12483	19	30	the	the	DT
12483	19	31	other	other	JJ
12483	19	32	hand	hand	NN
12483	19	33	,	,	,
12483	19	34	Guess	Guess	NNP
12483	19	35	et	et	FW
12483	19	36	al	al	NNP
12483	19	37	.	.	.
12483	20	1	see	see	VB
12483	20	2	the	the	DT
12483	20	3	term	term	NN
12483	20	4	as	as	IN
12483	20	5	“	"	``
12483	20	6	a	a	DT
12483	20	7	new	new	JJ
12483	20	8	form	form	NN
12483	20	9	of	of	IN
12483	20	10	political	political	JJ
12483	20	11	misinformation	misinformation	NN
12483	20	12	”	"	''
12483	20	13	within	within	IN
12483	20	14	the	the	DT
12483	20	15	domain	domain	NN
12483	20	16	of	of	IN
12483	20	17	politics	politic	NNS
12483	20	18	,	,	,
12483	20	19	whereas	whereas	IN
12483	20	20	Mustafaraj	Mustafaraj	NNPS
12483	20	21	is	be	VBZ
12483	20	22	more	more	RBR
12483	20	23	direct	direct	JJ
12483	20	24	and	and	CC
12483	20	25	defines	define	VBZ
12483	20	26	it	-PRON-	PRP
12483	20	27	as	as	IN
12483	20	28	mailto:umertoglu@hacettepe.edu.tr	mailto:umertoglu@hacettepe.edu.tr	NNP
12483	20	29	mailto:bgenc@cs.hacettepe.edu.tr	mailto:bgenc@cs.hacettepe.edu.tr	NNP
12483	20	30	INFORMATION	INFORMATION	VBD
12483	20	31	TECHNOLOGY	TECHNOLOGY	NNP
12483	20	32	AND	and	CC
12483	20	33	LIBRARIES	library	NNS
12483	20	34	DECEMBER	DECEMBER	NNP
12483	20	35	2020	2020	CD
12483	20	36	AUTOMATED	AUTOMATED	NNP
12483	20	37	FAKE	FAKE	NNP
12483	20	38	NEWS	NEWS	NNP
12483	20	39	DETECTION	detection	VB
12483	20	40	IN	in	IN
12483	20	41	THE	the	DT
12483	20	42	AGE	AGE	NNP
12483	20	43	OF	of	IN
12483	20	44	DIGITAL	DIGITAL	NNP
12483	20	45	LIBRARIES	library	NNS
12483	20	46	|	|	NNP
12483	20	47	MERTOĞLU	MERTOĞLU	NNS
12483	20	48	AND	and	CC
12483	20	49	GENÇ	genç	NN
12483	20	50	2	2	CD
12483	20	51	“	"	``
12483	20	52	lies	lie	NNS
12483	20	53	presented	present	VBN
12483	20	54	as	as	IN
12483	20	55	news	news	NN
12483	20	56	.	.	.
12483	20	57	”4	”4	NNP
12483	20	58	A	a	DT
12483	20	59	comprehensive	comprehensive	JJ
12483	20	60	list	list	NN
12483	20	61	of	of	IN
12483	20	62	12	12	CD
12483	20	63	definitions	definition	NNS
12483	20	64	can	can	MD
12483	20	65	be	be	VB
12483	20	66	found	find	VBN
12483	20	67	in	in	IN
12483	20	68	Egelhofer	Egelhofer	NNP
12483	20	69	and	and	CC
12483	20	70	Lecheler.5	Lecheler.5	NNP
12483	20	71	In	in	IN
12483	20	72	simplified	simplified	JJ
12483	20	73	terms	term	NNS
12483	20	74	,	,	,
12483	20	75	news	news	NN
12483	20	76	which	which	WDT
12483	20	77	is	be	VBZ
12483	20	78	created	create	VBN
12483	20	79	to	to	TO
12483	20	80	deceive	deceive	VB
12483	20	81	or	or	CC
12483	20	82	mislead	mislead	VB
12483	20	83	readers	reader	NNS
12483	20	84	can	can	MD
12483	20	85	be	be	VB
12483	20	86	called	call	VBN
12483	20	87	fake	fake	JJ
12483	20	88	news	news	NN
12483	20	89	.	.	.
12483	21	1	However	however	RB
12483	21	2	,	,	,
12483	21	3	the	the	DT
12483	21	4	concept	concept	NN
12483	21	5	of	of	IN
12483	21	6	fake	fake	JJ
12483	21	7	news	news	NN
12483	21	8	is	be	VBZ
12483	21	9	a	a	DT
12483	21	10	quite	quite	RB
12483	21	11	broad	broad	JJ
12483	21	12	one	one	NN
12483	21	13	that	that	WDT
12483	21	14	needs	need	VBZ
12483	21	15	to	to	TO
12483	21	16	be	be	VB
12483	21	17	specified	specify	VBN
12483	21	18	meticulously	meticulously	RB
12483	21	19	.	.	.
12483	22	1	Fake	fake	JJ
12483	22	2	news	news	NN
12483	22	3	is	be	VBZ
12483	22	4	created	create	VBN
12483	22	5	for	for	IN
12483	22	6	many	many	JJ
12483	22	7	purposes	purpose	NNS
12483	22	8	and	and	CC
12483	22	9	emerges	emerge	VBZ
12483	22	10	in	in	IN
12483	22	11	many	many	JJ
12483	22	12	different	different	JJ
12483	22	13	types	type	NNS
12483	22	14	.	.	.
12483	23	1	Having	have	VBG
12483	23	2	an	an	DT
12483	23	3	interwoven	interwoven	JJ
12483	23	4	structure	structure	NN
12483	23	5	,	,	,
12483	23	6	most	most	JJS
12483	23	7	of	of	IN
12483	23	8	these	these	DT
12483	23	9	types	type	NNS
12483	23	10	are	be	VBP
12483	23	11	shown	show	VBN
12483	23	12	in	in	IN
12483	23	13	figure	figure	NN
12483	23	14	1	1	CD
12483	23	15	.	.	.
12483	24	1	Although	although	IN
12483	24	2	,	,	,
12483	24	3	it	-PRON-	PRP
12483	24	4	is	be	VBZ
12483	24	5	not	not	RB
12483	24	6	easy	easy	JJ
12483	24	7	to	to	TO
12483	24	8	cluster	cluster	VB
12483	24	9	these	these	DT
12483	24	10	types	type	NNS
12483	24	11	into	into	IN
12483	24	12	separate	separate	JJ
12483	24	13	groups	group	NNS
12483	24	14	,	,	,
12483	24	15	they	-PRON-	PRP
12483	24	16	can	can	MD
12483	24	17	be	be	VB
12483	24	18	categorized	categorize	VBN
12483	24	19	according	accord	VBG
12483	24	20	to	to	IN
12483	24	21	the	the	DT
12483	24	22	information	information	NN
12483	24	23	quality	quality	NN
12483	24	24	or	or	CC
12483	24	25	based	base	VBN
12483	24	26	on	on	IN
12483	24	27	the	the	DT
12483	24	28	intention	intention	NN
12483	24	29	as	as	IN
12483	24	30	it	-PRON-	PRP
12483	24	31	is	be	VBZ
12483	24	32	created	create	VBN
12483	24	33	to	to	TO
12483	24	34	deceive	deceive	VB
12483	24	35	deliberately	deliberately	RB
12483	24	36	or	or	CC
12483	24	37	not	not	RB
12483	24	38	,	,	,
12483	24	39	as	as	IN
12483	24	40	Rashkin	Rashkin	NNP
12483	24	41	et	et	FW
12483	24	42	al	al	NNP
12483	24	43	.	.	.
12483	25	1	did.6	did.6	NFP
12483	25	2	We	-PRON-	PRP
12483	25	3	propose	propose	VBP
12483	25	4	the	the	DT
12483	25	5	following	follow	VBG
12483	25	6	classification	classification	NN
12483	25	7	where	where	WRB
12483	25	8	the	the	DT
12483	25	9	two	two	CD
12483	25	10	dimensions	dimension	NNS
12483	25	11	represent	represent	VBP
12483	25	12	the	the	DT
12483	25	13	potential	potential	JJ
12483	25	14	impact	impact	NN
12483	25	15	and	and	CC
12483	25	16	the	the	DT
12483	25	17	speed	speed	NN
12483	25	18	of	of	IN
12483	25	19	propagation	propagation	NN
12483	25	20	.	.	.
12483	26	1	Figure	figure	NN
12483	26	2	1	1	CD
12483	26	3	.	.	.
12483	27	1	The	the	DT
12483	27	2	volatile	volatile	JJ
12483	27	3	distribution	distribution	NN
12483	27	4	of	of	IN
12483	27	5	the	the	DT
12483	27	6	fake	fake	JJ
12483	27	7	news	news	NN
12483	27	8	types	type	NNS
12483	27	9	(	(	-LRB-
12483	27	10	clustered	cluster	VBN
12483	27	11	in	in	IN
12483	27	12	four	four	CD
12483	27	13	regions	region	NNS
12483	27	14	:	:	:
12483	27	15	sr	sr	NNP
12483	27	16	,	,	,
12483	27	17	Sr	Sr	NNP
12483	27	18	,	,	,
12483	27	19	Sr	Sr	NNP
12483	27	20	,	,	,
12483	27	21	SR	SR	NNP
12483	27	22	)	)	-RRB-
12483	27	23	with	with	IN
12483	27	24	respect	respect	NN
12483	27	25	to	to	IN
12483	27	26	two	two	CD
12483	27	27	dimensions	dimension	NNS
12483	27	28	:	:	:
12483	27	29	speed	speed	NN
12483	27	30	of	of	IN
12483	27	31	propagation	propagation	NN
12483	27	32	and	and	CC
12483	27	33	potential	potential	JJ
12483	27	34	impact	impact	NN
12483	27	35	.	.	.
12483	28	1	The	the	DT
12483	28	2	four	four	CD
12483	28	3	regions	region	NNS
12483	28	4	visualized	visualize	VBN
12483	28	5	are	be	VBP
12483	28	6	clustered	cluster	VBN
12483	28	7	according	accord	VBG
12483	28	8	to	to	IN
12483	28	9	their	-PRON-	PRP$
12483	28	10	dangerousness	dangerousness	NN
12483	28	11	.	.	.
12483	29	1	First	first	RB
12483	29	2	of	of	IN
12483	29	3	all	all	DT
12483	29	4	,	,	,
12483	29	5	it	-PRON-	PRP
12483	29	6	should	should	MD
12483	29	7	be	be	VB
12483	29	8	noted	note	VBN
12483	29	9	that	that	IN
12483	29	10	to	to	TO
12483	29	11	order	order	VB
12483	29	12	types	type	NNS
12483	29	13	of	of	IN
12483	29	14	fake	fake	JJ
12483	29	15	news	news	NN
12483	29	16	in	in	IN
12483	29	17	a	a	DT
12483	29	18	stable	stable	JJ
12483	29	19	precision	precision	NN
12483	29	20	is	be	VBZ
12483	29	21	quite	quite	PDT
12483	29	22	a	a	DT
12483	29	23	challenging	challenging	JJ
12483	29	24	task	task	NN
12483	29	25	.	.	.
12483	30	1	The	the	DT
12483	30	2	variations	variation	NNS
12483	30	3	within	within	IN
12483	30	4	the	the	DT
12483	30	5	field	field	NN
12483	30	6	highly	highly	RB
12483	30	7	depend	depend	VBP
12483	30	8	on	on	IN
12483	30	9	dynamic	dynamic	JJ
12483	30	10	factors	factor	NNS
12483	30	11	such	such	JJ
12483	30	12	as	as	IN
12483	30	13	timespan	timespan	NN
12483	30	14	,	,	,
12483	30	15	actors	actor	NNS
12483	30	16	,	,	,
12483	30	17	and	and	CC
12483	30	18	echo-	echo-	NNP
12483	30	19	chamber	chamber	NN
12483	30	20	effect	effect	NN
12483	30	21	.	.	.
12483	31	1	Hence	hence	RB
12483	31	2	,	,	,
12483	31	3	this	this	DT
12483	31	4	figure	figure	NN
12483	31	5	should	should	MD
12483	31	6	be	be	VB
12483	31	7	considered	consider	VBN
12483	31	8	as	as	IN
12483	31	9	a	a	DT
12483	31	10	clustering	cluster	VBG
12483	31	11	effort	effort	NN
12483	31	12	.	.	.
12483	32	1	There	there	EX
12483	32	2	are	be	VBP
12483	32	3	possible	possible	JJ
12483	32	4	intersecting	intersect	VBG
12483	32	5	areas	area	NNS
12483	32	6	of	of	IN
12483	32	7	types	type	NNS
12483	32	8	within	within	IN
12483	32	9	the	the	DT
12483	32	10	regions	region	NNS
12483	32	11	.	.	.
12483	33	1	We	-PRON-	PRP
12483	33	2	will	will	MD
12483	33	3	now	now	RB
12483	33	4	give	give	VB
12483	33	5	examples	example	NNS
12483	33	6	for	for	IN
12483	33	7	two	two	CD
12483	33	8	regions	region	NNS
12483	33	9	,	,	,
12483	33	10	“	"	``
12483	33	11	sr	sr	NNP
12483	33	12	”	"	''
12483	33	13	and	and	CC
12483	33	14	“	"	``
12483	33	15	SR	SR	NNP
12483	33	16	.	.	.
12483	33	17	”	"	''
12483	33	18	For	for	IN
12483	33	19	example	example	NN
12483	33	20	,	,	,
12483	33	21	the	the	DT
12483	33	22	SR	SR	NNP
12483	33	23	grouping	grouping	NN
12483	33	24	shows	show	VBZ
12483	33	25	characteristics	characteristic	NNS
12483	33	26	of	of	IN
12483	33	27	high	high	JJ
12483	33	28	-	-	HYPH
12483	33	29	risk	risk	NN
12483	33	30	levels	level	NNS
12483	33	31	and	and	CC
12483	33	32	fast	fast	JJ
12483	33	33	dissemination	dissemination	NN
12483	33	34	.	.	.
12483	34	1	This	this	DT
12483	34	2	includes	include	VBZ
12483	34	3	varieties	variety	NNS
12483	34	4	of	of	IN
12483	34	5	fake	fake	JJ
12483	34	6	news	news	NN
12483	34	7	such	such	JJ
12483	34	8	as	as	IN
12483	34	9	propaganda	propaganda	NN
12483	34	10	,	,	,
12483	34	11	manipulation	manipulation	NN
12483	34	12	,	,	,
12483	34	13	misinformation	misinformation	NN
12483	34	14	,	,	,
12483	34	15	hate	hate	NN
12483	34	16	news	news	NN
12483	34	17	,	,	,
12483	34	18	INFORMATION	INFORMATION	NNP
12483	34	19	TECHNOLOGY	TECHNOLOGY	NNP
12483	34	20	AND	and	CC
12483	34	21	LIBRARIES	library	NNS
12483	34	22	DECEMBER	DECEMBER	NNP
12483	34	23	2020	2020	CD
12483	34	24	AUTOMATED	AUTOMATED	NNP
12483	34	25	FAKE	FAKE	NNP
12483	34	26	NEWS	NEWS	NNP
12483	34	27	DETECTION	detection	VB
12483	34	28	IN	in	IN
12483	34	29	THE	the	DT
12483	34	30	AGE	AGE	NNP
12483	34	31	OF	of	IN
12483	34	32	DIGITAL	DIGITAL	NNP
12483	34	33	LIBRARIES	library	NNS
12483	34	34	|	|	NNP
12483	34	35	MERTOĞLU	MERTOĞLU	NNS
12483	34	36	AND	and	CC
12483	34	37	GENÇ	genç	VBP
12483	34	38	3	3	CD
12483	34	39	provocative	provocative	JJ
12483	34	40	news	news	NN
12483	34	41	,	,	,
12483	34	42	etc	etc	FW
12483	34	43	.	.	.
12483	35	1	We	-PRON-	PRP
12483	35	2	usually	usually	RB
12483	35	3	encounter	encounter	VBP
12483	35	4	this	this	DT
12483	35	5	in	in	IN
12483	35	6	the	the	DT
12483	35	7	domain	domain	NN
12483	35	8	of	of	IN
12483	35	9	politics	politic	NNS
12483	35	10	.	.	.
12483	36	1	This	this	DT
12483	36	2	kind	kind	NN
12483	36	3	of	of	IN
12483	36	4	news	news	NN
12483	36	5	may	may	MD
12483	36	6	cause	cause	VB
12483	36	7	critical	critical	JJ
12483	36	8	and	and	CC
12483	36	9	nonrecoverable	nonrecoverable	JJ
12483	36	10	results	result	NNS
12483	36	11	in	in	IN
12483	36	12	politics	politic	NNS
12483	36	13	,	,	,
12483	36	14	the	the	DT
12483	36	15	economy	economy	NN
12483	36	16	,	,	,
12483	36	17	etc	etc	FW
12483	36	18	.	.	FW
12483	36	19	,	,	,
12483	36	20	in	in	IN
12483	36	21	a	a	DT
12483	36	22	short	short	JJ
12483	36	23	period	period	NN
12483	36	24	of	of	IN
12483	36	25	time	time	NN
12483	36	26	.	.	.
12483	37	1	The	the	DT
12483	37	2	rise	rise	NN
12483	37	3	of	of	IN
12483	37	4	the	the	DT
12483	37	5	term	term	NN
12483	37	6	fake	fake	JJ
12483	37	7	news	news	NN
12483	37	8	itself	-PRON-	PRP
12483	37	9	can	can	MD
12483	37	10	also	also	RB
12483	37	11	be	be	VB
12483	37	12	attributed	attribute	VBN
12483	37	13	to	to	IN
12483	37	14	this	this	DT
12483	37	15	kind	kind	NN
12483	37	16	of	of	IN
12483	37	17	news	news	NN
12483	37	18	.	.	.
12483	38	1	On	on	IN
12483	38	2	the	the	DT
12483	38	3	other	other	JJ
12483	38	4	hand	hand	NN
12483	38	5	,	,	,
12483	38	6	the	the	DT
12483	38	7	relatively	relatively	RB
12483	38	8	less	less	RBR
12483	38	9	severe	severe	JJ
12483	38	10	group	group	NN
12483	38	11	(	(	-LRB-
12483	38	12	sr	sr	NNP
12483	38	13	)	)	-RRB-
12483	38	14	of	of	IN
12483	38	15	fake	fake	JJ
12483	38	16	news	news	NN
12483	38	17	,	,	,
12483	38	18	comprising	comprise	VBG
12483	38	19	of	of	IN
12483	38	20	satire	satire	NN
12483	38	21	,	,	,
12483	38	22	hoax	hoax	NNP
12483	38	23	,	,	,
12483	38	24	click	click	NNP
12483	38	25	-	-	HYPH
12483	38	26	bait	bait	NN
12483	38	27	,	,	,
12483	38	28	etc	etc	FW
12483	38	29	.	.	.
12483	38	30	,	,	,
12483	38	31	has	have	VBZ
12483	38	32	low	low	JJ
12483	38	33	-	-	HYPH
12483	38	34	risk	risk	NN
12483	38	35	levels	level	NNS
12483	38	36	and	and	CC
12483	38	37	a	a	DT
12483	38	38	slow	slow	JJ
12483	38	39	speed	speed	NN
12483	38	40	of	of	IN
12483	38	41	dissemination	dissemination	NN
12483	38	42	.	.	.
12483	39	1	A	a	DT
12483	39	2	frequently	frequently	RB
12483	39	3	used	use	VBN
12483	39	4	type	type	NN
12483	39	5	of	of	IN
12483	39	6	this	this	DT
12483	39	7	group	group	NN
12483	39	8	,	,	,
12483	39	9	click	click	NN
12483	39	10	-	-	HYPH
12483	39	11	bait	bait	NN
12483	39	12	,	,	,
12483	39	13	is	be	VBZ
12483	39	14	a	a	DT
12483	39	15	sensational	sensational	JJ
12483	39	16	headline	headline	NN
12483	39	17	or	or	CC
12483	39	18	link	link	NN
12483	39	19	that	that	WDT
12483	39	20	urges	urge	VBZ
12483	39	21	the	the	DT
12483	39	22	reader	reader	NN
12483	39	23	to	to	TO
12483	39	24	click	click	VB
12483	39	25	on	on	IN
12483	39	26	a	a	DT
12483	39	27	post	post	NN
12483	39	28	,	,	,
12483	39	29	link	link	NN
12483	39	30	,	,	,
12483	39	31	article	article	NN
12483	39	32	,	,	,
12483	39	33	image	image	NN
12483	39	34	,	,	,
12483	39	35	or	or	CC
12483	39	36	video	video	NN
12483	39	37	.	.	.
12483	40	1	These	these	DT
12483	40	2	kinds	kind	NNS
12483	40	3	of	of	IN
12483	40	4	news	news	NN
12483	40	5	have	have	VBP
12483	40	6	a	a	DT
12483	40	7	repetitive	repetitive	JJ
12483	40	8	style	style	NN
12483	40	9	.	.	.
12483	41	1	It	-PRON-	PRP
12483	41	2	can	can	MD
12483	41	3	be	be	VB
12483	41	4	said	say	VBN
12483	41	5	that	that	IN
12483	41	6	readers	reader	NNS
12483	41	7	become	become	VBP
12483	41	8	aware	aware	JJ
12483	41	9	of	of	IN
12483	41	10	falsehood	falsehood	NN
12483	41	11	after	after	IN
12483	41	12	experiencing	experience	VBG
12483	41	13	a	a	DT
12483	41	14	few	few	JJ
12483	41	15	times	time	NNS
12483	41	16	.	.	.
12483	42	1	So	so	RB
12483	42	2	,	,	,
12483	42	3	risk	risk	NN
12483	42	4	level	level	NN
12483	42	5	is	be	VBZ
12483	42	6	lower	low	JJR
12483	42	7	,	,	,
12483	42	8	and	and	CC
12483	42	9	dissemination	dissemination	NN
12483	42	10	is	be	VBZ
12483	42	11	slower	slow	JJR
12483	42	12	.	.	.
12483	43	1	Vosoughi	Vosoughi	NNP
12483	43	2	et	et	NNP
12483	43	3	al	al	NNP
12483	43	4	.	.	.
12483	44	1	stated	state	VBD
12483	44	2	the	the	DT
12483	44	3	assumption	assumption	NN
12483	44	4	that	that	IN
12483	44	5	“	"	``
12483	44	6	Falsehood	falsehood	NN
12483	44	7	diffuses	diffuse	NNS
12483	44	8	significantly	significantly	RB
12483	44	9	farther	farther	RB
12483	44	10	,	,	,
12483	44	11	faster	fast	RBR
12483	44	12	,	,	,
12483	44	13	deeper	deep	JJR
12483	44	14	,	,	,
12483	44	15	and	and	CC
12483	44	16	more	more	RBR
12483	44	17	broadly	broadly	RB
12483	44	18	than	than	IN
12483	44	19	the	the	DT
12483	44	20	truth	truth	NN
12483	44	21	.	.	.
12483	44	22	”7	”7	''
12483	44	23	So	so	RB
12483	44	24	indeed	indeed	RB
12483	44	25	,	,	,
12483	44	26	just	just	RB
12483	44	27	one	one	CD
12483	44	28	piece	piece	NN
12483	44	29	of	of	IN
12483	44	30	fake	fake	JJ
12483	44	31	news	news	NN
12483	44	32	may	may	MD
12483	44	33	affect	affect	VB
12483	44	34	many	many	JJ
12483	44	35	more	more	JJR
12483	44	36	people	people	NNS
12483	44	37	than	than	IN
12483	44	38	thousands	thousand	NNS
12483	44	39	of	of	IN
12483	44	40	true	true	JJ
12483	44	41	news	news	NN
12483	44	42	items	item	NNS
12483	44	43	do	do	VBP
12483	44	44	because	because	IN
12483	44	45	of	of	IN
12483	44	46	the	the	DT
12483	44	47	dramatic	dramatic	JJ
12483	44	48	circulation	circulation	NN
12483	44	49	of	of	IN
12483	44	50	fake	fake	JJ
12483	44	51	news	news	NN
12483	44	52	.	.	.
12483	45	1	In	in	IN
12483	45	2	their	-PRON-	PRP$
12483	45	3	recent	recent	JJ
12483	45	4	survey	survey	NN
12483	45	5	about	about	IN
12483	45	6	fake	fake	JJ
12483	45	7	news	news	NN
12483	45	8	,	,	,
12483	45	9	Zhou	Zhou	NNP
12483	45	10	and	and	CC
12483	45	11	Zafarani	Zafarani	NNP
12483	45	12	highlighted	highlight	VBD
12483	45	13	that	that	IN
12483	45	14	fake	fake	JJ
12483	45	15	news	news	NN
12483	45	16	is	be	VBZ
12483	45	17	a	a	DT
12483	45	18	major	major	JJ
12483	45	19	concern	concern	NN
12483	45	20	for	for	IN
12483	45	21	many	many	JJ
12483	45	22	different	different	JJ
12483	45	23	research	research	NN
12483	45	24	disciplines	discipline	NNS
12483	45	25	especially	especially	RB
12483	45	26	information	information	NN
12483	45	27	technologies	technology	NNS
12483	45	28	.	.	.
12483	46	1	8	8	LS
12483	46	2	Being	be	VBG
12483	46	3	a	a	DT
12483	46	4	trusted	trust	VBN
12483	46	5	source	source	NN
12483	46	6	of	of	IN
12483	46	7	information	information	NN
12483	46	8	for	for	IN
12483	46	9	a	a	DT
12483	46	10	long	long	JJ
12483	46	11	time	time	NN
12483	46	12	,	,	,
12483	46	13	libraries	library	NNS
12483	46	14	will	will	MD
12483	46	15	play	play	VB
12483	46	16	an	an	DT
12483	46	17	important	important	JJ
12483	46	18	role	role	NN
12483	46	19	in	in	IN
12483	46	20	fighting	fighting	NN
12483	46	21	against	against	IN
12483	46	22	fake	fake	JJ
12483	46	23	news	news	NN
12483	46	24	problem	problem	NN
12483	46	25	.	.	.
12483	47	1	Kattimani	Kattimani	NNP
12483	47	2	et	et	FW
12483	47	3	al	al	NNP
12483	47	4	.	.	.
12483	48	1	claims	claim	NNS
12483	48	2	that	that	IN
12483	48	3	the	the	DT
12483	48	4	modern	modern	JJ
12483	48	5	librarian	librarian	NN
12483	48	6	must	must	MD
12483	48	7	be	be	VB
12483	48	8	equipped	equip	VBN
12483	48	9	with	with	IN
12483	48	10	necessary	necessary	JJ
12483	48	11	digital	digital	JJ
12483	48	12	skills	skill	NNS
12483	48	13	and	and	CC
12483	48	14	tools	tool	NNS
12483	48	15	to	to	TO
12483	48	16	handle	handle	VB
12483	48	17	both	both	DT
12483	48	18	printed	print	VBN
12483	48	19	collections	collection	NNS
12483	48	20	and	and	CC
12483	48	21	newly	newly	RB
12483	48	22	emerging	emerge	VBG
12483	48	23	digital	digital	NNP
12483	48	24	resources.9	resources.9	NNP
12483	48	25	Similarly	similarly	RB
12483	48	26	,	,	,
12483	48	27	we	-PRON-	PRP
12483	48	28	foresee	foresee	VBP
12483	48	29	that	that	IN
12483	48	30	digital	digital	JJ
12483	48	31	libraries	library	NNS
12483	48	32	,	,	,
12483	48	33	which	which	WDT
12483	48	34	can	can	MD
12483	48	35	be	be	VB
12483	48	36	defined	define	VBN
12483	48	37	as	as	IN
12483	48	38	collections	collection	NNS
12483	48	39	of	of	IN
12483	48	40	digital	digital	JJ
12483	48	41	content	content	NN
12483	48	42	licensed	license	VBN
12483	48	43	and	and	CC
12483	48	44	maintained	maintain	VBN
12483	48	45	by	by	IN
12483	48	46	libraries	library	NNS
12483	48	47	,	,	,
12483	48	48	can	can	MD
12483	48	49	be	be	VB
12483	48	50	a	a	DT
12483	48	51	part	part	NN
12483	48	52	of	of	IN
12483	48	53	the	the	DT
12483	48	54	solution	solution	NN
12483	48	55	as	as	IN
12483	48	56	an	an	DT
12483	48	57	authority	authority	NN
12483	48	58	service	service	NN
12483	48	59	with	with	IN
12483	48	60	a	a	DT
12483	48	61	collective	collective	JJ
12483	48	62	effort	effort	NN
12483	48	63	.	.	.
12483	49	1	Connaway	Connaway	NNP
12483	49	2	et	et	FW
12483	49	3	al	al	NNP
12483	49	4	.	.	.
12483	50	1	point	point	NN
12483	50	2	to	to	IN
12483	50	3	the	the	DT
12483	50	4	key	key	JJ
12483	50	5	role	role	NN
12483	50	6	of	of	IN
12483	50	7	information	information	NN
12483	50	8	professionals	professional	NNS
12483	50	9	such	such	JJ
12483	50	10	as	as	IN
12483	50	11	librarians	librarian	NNS
12483	50	12	,	,	,
12483	50	13	archivists	archivist	NNS
12483	50	14	,	,	,
12483	50	15	journalists	journalist	NNS
12483	50	16	,	,	,
12483	50	17	and	and	CC
12483	50	18	information	information	NN
12483	50	19	architects	architect	NNS
12483	50	20	in	in	IN
12483	50	21	helping	help	VBG
12483	50	22	society	society	NN
12483	50	23	use	use	VB
12483	50	24	the	the	DT
12483	50	25	products	product	NNS
12483	50	26	and	and	CC
12483	50	27	services	service	NNS
12483	50	28	related	relate	VBN
12483	50	29	to	to	IN
12483	50	30	news	news	NN
12483	50	31	in	in	IN
12483	50	32	a	a	DT
12483	50	33	convenient	convenient	JJ
12483	50	34	way	way	NN
12483	50	35	.	.	.
12483	51	1	10	10	CD
12483	51	2	As	as	IN
12483	51	3	libraries	library	NNS
12483	51	4	all	all	RB
12483	51	5	over	over	IN
12483	51	6	the	the	DT
12483	51	7	world	world	NN
12483	51	8	are	be	VBP
12483	51	9	transitioning	transition	VBG
12483	51	10	into	into	IN
12483	51	11	digital	digital	JJ
12483	51	12	content	content	NN
12483	51	13	delivery	delivery	NN
12483	51	14	services	service	NNS
12483	51	15	,	,	,
12483	51	16	they	-PRON-	PRP
12483	51	17	should	should	MD
12483	51	18	implement	implement	VB
12483	51	19	mechanisms	mechanism	NNS
12483	51	20	to	to	TO
12483	51	21	avoid	avoid	VB
12483	51	22	fake	fake	JJ
12483	51	23	and	and	CC
12483	51	24	misleading	misleading	JJ
12483	51	25	content	content	NN
12483	51	26	being	be	VBG
12483	51	27	disseminated	disseminate	VBN
12483	51	28	through	through	IN
12483	51	29	them	-PRON-	PRP
12483	51	30	under	under	IN
12483	51	31	the	the	DT
12483	51	32	guidance	guidance	NN
12483	51	33	of	of	IN
12483	51	34	information	information	NN
12483	51	35	professionals	professional	NNS
12483	51	36	.	.	.
12483	52	1	To	to	TO
12483	52	2	lay	lay	VB
12483	52	3	out	out	RP
12483	52	4	proper	proper	JJ
12483	52	5	future	future	JJ
12483	52	6	directions	direction	NNS
12483	52	7	for	for	IN
12483	52	8	the	the	DT
12483	52	9	solution	solution	NN
12483	52	10	strategy	strategy	NN
12483	52	11	,	,	,
12483	52	12	a	a	DT
12483	52	13	clear	clear	JJ
12483	52	14	understanding	understanding	NN
12483	52	15	of	of	IN
12483	52	16	interaction	interaction	NN
12483	52	17	between	between	IN
12483	52	18	library	library	NN
12483	52	19	and	and	CC
12483	52	20	information	information	NN
12483	52	21	science	science	NN
12483	52	22	(	(	-LRB-
12483	52	23	LIS	LIS	NNP
12483	52	24	)	)	-RRB-
12483	52	25	community	community	NN
12483	52	26	and	and	CC
12483	52	27	fake	fake	JJ
12483	52	28	news	news	NN
12483	52	29	must	must	MD
12483	52	30	be	be	VB
12483	52	31	addressed	address	VBN
12483	52	32	.	.	.
12483	53	1	Sullivan	Sullivan	NNP
12483	53	2	states	state	VBZ
12483	53	3	that	that	IN
12483	53	4	the	the	DT
12483	53	5	LIS	LIS	NNP
12483	53	6	community	community	NN
12483	53	7	has	have	VBZ
12483	53	8	been	be	VBN
12483	53	9	affected	affect	VBN
12483	53	10	deeply	deeply	RB
12483	53	11	in	in	IN
12483	53	12	the	the	DT
12483	53	13	aftermath	aftermath	NN
12483	53	14	of	of	IN
12483	53	15	the	the	DT
12483	53	16	2016	2016	CD
12483	53	17	US	US	NNP
12483	53	18	presidential	presidential	JJ
12483	53	19	elections.11	elections.11	NNP
12483	53	20	Moreover	moreover	RB
12483	53	21	,	,	,
12483	53	22	he	-PRON-	PRP
12483	53	23	quotes	quote	VBZ
12483	53	24	many	many	JJ
12483	53	25	other	other	JJ
12483	53	26	scientists	scientist	NNS
12483	53	27	,	,	,
12483	53	28	emphasizing	emphasize	VBG
12483	53	29	libraries	library	NNS
12483	53	30	’	'	''
12483	53	31	and	and	CC
12483	53	32	librarians	librarian	NNS
12483	53	33	’	’	POS
12483	53	34	role	role	NN
12483	53	35	in	in	IN
12483	53	36	the	the	DT
12483	53	37	fight	fight	NN
12483	53	38	against	against	IN
12483	53	39	fake	fake	JJ
12483	53	40	news	news	NN
12483	53	41	.	.	.
12483	54	1	For	for	IN
12483	54	2	example	example	NN
12483	54	3	,	,	,
12483	54	4	Finley	Finley	NNP
12483	54	5	et	et	NNP
12483	54	6	al	al	NNP
12483	54	7	.	.	.
12483	55	1	say	say	VBP
12483	55	2	that	that	IN
12483	55	3	libraries	library	NNS
12483	55	4	are	be	VBP
12483	55	5	the	the	DT
12483	55	6	direct	direct	JJ
12483	55	7	antithesis	antithesis	NN
12483	55	8	of	of	IN
12483	55	9	fake	fake	JJ
12483	55	10	news	news	NN
12483	55	11	,	,	,
12483	55	12	the	the	DT
12483	55	13	American	American	NNP
12483	55	14	Library	Library	NNP
12483	55	15	Association	Association	NNP
12483	55	16	(	(	-LRB-
12483	55	17	ALA	ALA	NNP
12483	55	18	)	)	-RRB-
12483	55	19	called	call	VBD
12483	55	20	fake	fake	JJ
12483	55	21	news	news	NN
12483	55	22	an	an	DT
12483	55	23	anathema	anathema	NN
12483	55	24	to	to	IN
12483	55	25	the	the	DT
12483	55	26	ethics	ethic	NNS
12483	55	27	of	of	IN
12483	55	28	librarianship	librarianship	NN
12483	55	29	in	in	IN
12483	55	30	2017	2017	CD
12483	55	31	,	,	,
12483	55	32	Rochlin	Rochlin	NNP
12483	55	33	emphasizes	emphasize	VBZ
12483	55	34	the	the	DT
12483	55	35	role	role	NN
12483	55	36	of	of	IN
12483	55	37	librarians	librarian	NNS
12483	55	38	in	in	IN
12483	55	39	this	this	DT
12483	55	40	fight	fight	NN
12483	55	41	,	,	,
12483	55	42	and	and	CC
12483	55	43	talks	talk	NNS
12483	55	44	about	about	IN
12483	55	45	the	the	DT
12483	55	46	need	need	NN
12483	55	47	to	to	TO
12483	55	48	adopt	adopt	VB
12483	55	49	fake	fake	JJ
12483	55	50	news	news	NN
12483	55	51	as	as	IN
12483	55	52	a	a	DT
12483	55	53	central	central	JJ
12483	55	54	concern	concern	NN
12483	55	55	in	in	IN
12483	55	56	librarianship	librarianship	NN
12483	55	57	and	and	CC
12483	55	58	many	many	JJ
12483	55	59	other	other	JJ
12483	55	60	researchers	researcher	NNS
12483	55	61	name	name	VBP
12483	55	62	librarians	librarian	NNS
12483	55	63	in	in	IN
12483	55	64	the	the	DT
12483	55	65	front	front	JJ
12483	55	66	lines	line	NNS
12483	55	67	of	of	IN
12483	55	68	the	the	DT
12483	55	69	fight	fight	NN
12483	55	70	against	against	IN
12483	55	71	fake	fake	JJ
12483	55	72	news.12	news.12	NNP
12483	55	73	Today	Today	NNP
12483	55	74	,	,	,
12483	55	75	the	the	DT
12483	55	76	struggle	struggle	NN
12483	55	77	to	to	TO
12483	55	78	detect	detect	VB
12483	55	79	fake	fake	JJ
12483	55	80	news	news	NN
12483	55	81	and	and	CC
12483	55	82	prevent	prevent	VB
12483	55	83	their	-PRON-	PRP$
12483	55	84	spread	spread	NN
12483	55	85	is	be	VBZ
12483	55	86	so	so	RB
12483	55	87	popular	popular	JJ
12483	55	88	that	that	IN
12483	55	89	competitions	competition	NNS
12483	55	90	are	be	VBP
12483	55	91	being	be	VBG
12483	55	92	organized	organize	VBN
12483	55	93	(	(	-LRB-
12483	55	94	e.g.	e.g.	RB
12483	55	95	,	,	,
12483	55	96	http://www.fakenewschallenge.org/	http://www.fakenewschallenge.org/	ADD
12483	55	97	)	)	-RRB-
12483	55	98	and	and	CC
12483	55	99	conferences	conference	NNS
12483	55	100	are	be	VBP
12483	55	101	being	be	VBG
12483	55	102	held	hold	VBN
12483	55	103	(	(	-LRB-
12483	55	104	e.g.	e.g.	RB
12483	55	105	,	,	,
12483	55	106	Bobcatsss	Bobcatsss	NNP
12483	55	107	2020	2020	CD
12483	55	108	)	)	-RRB-
12483	55	109	.	.	.
12483	56	1	The	the	DT
12483	56	2	struggle	struggle	NN
12483	56	3	against	against	IN
12483	56	4	fake	fake	JJ
12483	56	5	news	news	NN
12483	56	6	can	can	MD
12483	56	7	be	be	VB
12483	56	8	classified	classify	VBN
12483	56	9	under	under	IN
12483	56	10	three	three	CD
12483	56	11	main	main	JJ
12483	56	12	venues	venue	NNS
12483	56	13	:	:	:
12483	56	14	•	•	VB
12483	56	15	Reader	reader	NN
12483	56	16	awareness	awareness	NN
12483	56	17	•	•	VBP
12483	56	18	Fact	fact	NN
12483	56	19	-	-	HYPH
12483	56	20	checking	check	VBG
12483	56	21	organizations	organization	NNS
12483	56	22	and	and	CC
12483	56	23	websites	website	NNS
12483	56	24	•	•	VBP
12483	56	25	Automated	automate	VBN
12483	56	26	detection	detection	NN
12483	56	27	systems	system	VBZ
12483	56	28	The	the	DT
12483	56	29	first	first	JJ
12483	56	30	item	item	NN
12483	56	31	requires	require	VBZ
12483	56	32	awareness	awareness	NN
12483	56	33	of	of	IN
12483	56	34	individuals	individual	NNS
12483	56	35	against	against	IN
12483	56	36	fake	fake	JJ
12483	56	37	news	news	NN
12483	56	38	and	and	CC
12483	56	39	a	a	DT
12483	56	40	collective	collective	JJ
12483	56	41	conscience	conscience	NN
12483	56	42	within	within	IN
12483	56	43	the	the	DT
12483	56	44	society	society	NN
12483	56	45	against	against	IN
12483	56	46	spreading	spread	VBG
12483	56	47	fake	fake	JJ
12483	56	48	news	news	NN
12483	56	49	.	.	.
12483	57	1	To	to	IN
12483	57	2	this	this	DT
12483	57	3	end	end	NN
12483	57	4	,	,	,
12483	57	5	visual	visual	JJ
12483	57	6	and	and	CC
12483	57	7	textual	textual	JJ
12483	57	8	checklists	checklist	NNS
12483	57	9	,	,	,
12483	57	10	frameworks	framework	NNS
12483	57	11	,	,	,
12483	57	12	and	and	CC
12483	57	13	guidance	guidance	NN
12483	57	14	lists	list	NNS
12483	57	15	are	be	VBP
12483	57	16	being	be	VBG
12483	57	17	published	publish	VBN
12483	57	18	by	by	IN
12483	57	19	official	official	JJ
12483	57	20	organizations	organization	NNS
12483	57	21	,	,	,
12483	57	22	such	such	JJ
12483	57	23	as	as	IN
12483	57	24	IFLA’s13	ifla’s13	FW
12483	57	25	http://www.fakenewschallenge.org/	http://www.fakenewschallenge.org/	VB
12483	57	26	INFORMATION	INFORMATION	NNP
12483	57	27	TECHNOLOGY	TECHNOLOGY	NNP
12483	57	28	AND	and	CC
12483	57	29	LIBRARIES	library	NNS
12483	57	30	DECEMBER	DECEMBER	NNP
12483	57	31	2020	2020	CD
12483	57	32	AUTOMATED	AUTOMATED	NNP
12483	57	33	FAKE	FAKE	NNP
12483	57	34	NEWS	NEWS	NNP
12483	57	35	DETECTION	detection	VB
12483	57	36	IN	in	IN
12483	57	37	THE	the	DT
12483	57	38	AGE	AGE	NNP
12483	57	39	OF	of	IN
12483	57	40	DIGITAL	DIGITAL	NNP
12483	57	41	LIBRARIES	library	NNS
12483	57	42	|	|	NNP
12483	57	43	MERTOĞLU	MERTOĞLU	NNS
12483	57	44	AND	and	CC
12483	57	45	GENÇ	genç	NN
12483	57	46	4	4	CD
12483	57	47	(	(	-LRB-
12483	57	48	International	International	NNP
12483	57	49	Federation	Federation	NNP
12483	57	50	of	of	IN
12483	57	51	Library	Library	NNP
12483	57	52	Associations	Associations	NNPS
12483	57	53	)	)	-RRB-
12483	57	54	infographic	infographic	JJ
12483	57	55	which	which	WDT
12483	57	56	contains	contain	VBZ
12483	57	57	eight	eight	CD
12483	57	58	steps	step	NNS
12483	57	59	to	to	TO
12483	57	60	spot	spot	VB
12483	57	61	fake	fake	JJ
12483	57	62	news	news	NN
12483	57	63	.	.	.
12483	58	1	The	the	DT
12483	58	2	RADAR	RADAR	NNS
12483	58	3	framework	framework	NN
12483	58	4	and	and	CC
12483	58	5	the	the	DT
12483	58	6	Currency	Currency	NNP
12483	58	7	,	,	,
12483	58	8	Relevance	Relevance	NNP
12483	58	9	,	,	,
12483	58	10	Authority	Authority	NNP
12483	58	11	,	,	,
12483	58	12	Accuracy	Accuracy	NNP
12483	58	13	,	,	,
12483	58	14	and	and	CC
12483	58	15	Purpose	Purpose	NNP
12483	58	16	(	(	-LRB-
12483	58	17	CRAAP	CRAAP	NNP
12483	58	18	)	)	-RRB-
12483	58	19	test	test	NN
12483	58	20	are	be	VBP
12483	58	21	some	some	DT
12483	58	22	of	of	IN
12483	58	23	the	the	DT
12483	58	24	efforts	effort	NNS
12483	58	25	trying	try	VBG
12483	58	26	to	to	TO
12483	58	27	increase	increase	VB
12483	58	28	reader	reader	NN
12483	58	29	-	-	HYPH
12483	58	30	awareness	awareness	NN
12483	58	31	of	of	IN
12483	58	32	fake	fake	JJ
12483	58	33	news.14	news.14	NNP
12483	58	34	Unfortunately	unfortunately	RB
12483	58	35	,	,	,
12483	58	36	due	due	IN
12483	58	37	to	to	IN
12483	58	38	the	the	DT
12483	58	39	nature	nature	NN
12483	58	40	of	of	IN
12483	58	41	fake	fake	JJ
12483	58	42	news	news	NN
12483	58	43	and	and	CC
12483	58	44	the	the	DT
12483	58	45	clever	clever	JJ
12483	58	46	way	way	NN
12483	58	47	they	-PRON-	PRP
12483	58	48	are	be	VBP
12483	58	49	created	create	VBN
12483	58	50	triggering	trigger	VBG
12483	58	51	people	people	NNS
12483	58	52	’s	’s	POS
12483	58	53	hunger	hunger	NN
12483	58	54	to	to	TO
12483	58	55	spread	spread	VB
12483	58	56	sensational	sensational	JJ
12483	58	57	information	information	NN
12483	58	58	,	,	,
12483	58	59	it	-PRON-	PRP
12483	58	60	is	be	VBZ
12483	58	61	very	very	RB
12483	58	62	difficult	difficult	JJ
12483	58	63	to	to	TO
12483	58	64	achieve	achieve	VB
12483	58	65	full	full	JJ
12483	58	66	control	control	NN
12483	58	67	via	via	IN
12483	58	68	this	this	DT
12483	58	69	strategy	strategy	NN
12483	58	70	.	.	.
12483	59	1	Some	some	DT
12483	59	2	studies	study	NNS
12483	59	3	explicitly	explicitly	RB
12483	59	4	showed	show	VBD
12483	59	5	that	that	IN
12483	59	6	humans	human	NNS
12483	59	7	are	be	VBP
12483	59	8	prone	prone	JJ
12483	59	9	to	to	TO
12483	59	10	get	get	VB
12483	59	11	confused	confused	JJ
12483	59	12	when	when	WRB
12483	59	13	it	-PRON-	PRP
12483	59	14	comes	come	VBZ
12483	59	15	to	to	IN
12483	59	16	spotting	spot	VBG
12483	59	17	lies	lie	NNS
12483	59	18	or	or	CC
12483	59	19	deciding	decide	VBG
12483	59	20	whether	whether	IN
12483	59	21	a	a	DT
12483	59	22	news	news	NN
12483	59	23	item	item	NN
12483	59	24	is	be	VBZ
12483	59	25	fake	fake	JJ
12483	59	26	or	or	CC
12483	59	27	not.15	not.15	NNP
12483	59	28	Furthermore	furthermore	RB
12483	59	29	,	,	,
12483	59	30	people	people	NNS
12483	59	31	often	often	RB
12483	59	32	overlook	overlook	VBP
12483	59	33	facts	fact	NNS
12483	59	34	that	that	WDT
12483	59	35	conflict	conflict	NN
12483	59	36	with	with	IN
12483	59	37	their	-PRON-	PRP$
12483	59	38	current	current	JJ
12483	59	39	belief	belief	NN
12483	59	40	,	,	,
12483	59	41	especially	especially	RB
12483	59	42	in	in	IN
12483	59	43	politics	politic	NNS
12483	59	44	and	and	CC
12483	59	45	controversial	controversial	JJ
12483	59	46	social	social	JJ
12483	59	47	issues.16	issues.16	NNP
12483	59	48	The	the	DT
12483	59	49	second	second	JJ
12483	59	50	strategy	strategy	NN
12483	59	51	focuses	focus	VBZ
12483	59	52	on	on	IN
12483	59	53	third	third	JJ
12483	59	54	-	-	HYPH
12483	59	55	party	party	NN
12483	59	56	manually	manually	RB
12483	59	57	driven	drive	VBN
12483	59	58	systems	system	NNS
12483	59	59	for	for	IN
12483	59	60	checking	checking	NN
12483	59	61	and	and	CC
12483	59	62	labelling	labelling	NN
12483	59	63	content	content	NN
12483	59	64	as	as	IN
12483	59	65	fake	fake	JJ
12483	59	66	or	or	CC
12483	59	67	valid	valid	JJ
12483	59	68	.	.	.
12483	60	1	Recently	recently	RB
12483	60	2	,	,	,
12483	60	3	we	-PRON-	PRP
12483	60	4	have	have	VBP
12483	60	5	seen	see	VBN
12483	60	6	many	many	JJ
12483	60	7	examples	example	NNS
12483	60	8	of	of	IN
12483	60	9	offline	offline	NN
12483	60	10	and	and	CC
12483	60	11	online	online	JJ
12483	60	12	organizations	organization	NNS
12483	60	13	trying	try	VBG
12483	60	14	to	to	TO
12483	60	15	work	work	VB
12483	60	16	according	accord	VBG
12483	60	17	to	to	IN
12483	60	18	this	this	DT
12483	60	19	strategy	strategy	NN
12483	60	20	,	,	,
12483	60	21	such	such	JJ
12483	60	22	as	as	IN
12483	60	23	a	a	DT
12483	60	24	growing	grow	VBG
12483	60	25	body	body	NN
12483	60	26	of	of	IN
12483	60	27	fact	fact	NN
12483	60	28	-	-	HYPH
12483	60	29	checking	check	VBG
12483	60	30	organizations	organization	NNS
12483	60	31	,	,	,
12483	60	32	start	start	NN
12483	60	33	-	-	HYPH
12483	60	34	ups	up	NNS
12483	60	35	(	(	-LRB-
12483	60	36	Storyzy	Storyzy	NNP
12483	60	37	,	,	,
12483	60	38	Factmata	Factmata	NNP
12483	60	39	,	,	,
12483	60	40	etc	etc	FW
12483	60	41	.	.	.
12483	61	1	)	)	-RRB-
12483	61	2	,	,	,
12483	61	3	and	and	CC
12483	61	4	other	other	JJ
12483	61	5	projects	project	NNS
12483	61	6	with	with	IN
12483	61	7	similar	similar	JJ
12483	61	8	purposes.17	purposes.17	NNP
12483	61	9	Unfortunately	unfortunately	RB
12483	61	10	,	,	,
12483	61	11	these	these	DT
12483	61	12	manually	manually	RB
12483	61	13	powered	power	VBN
12483	61	14	systems	system	NNS
12483	61	15	can	can	MD
12483	61	16	not	not	RB
12483	61	17	cope	cope	VB
12483	61	18	with	with	IN
12483	61	19	the	the	DT
12483	61	20	huge	huge	JJ
12483	61	21	amounts	amount	NNS
12483	61	22	of	of	IN
12483	61	23	digital	digital	JJ
12483	61	24	content	content	NN
12483	61	25	being	be	VBG
12483	61	26	steadily	steadily	RB
12483	61	27	produced	produce	VBN
12483	61	28	.	.	.
12483	62	1	Therefore	therefore	RB
12483	62	2	,	,	,
12483	62	3	they	-PRON-	PRP
12483	62	4	focus	focus	VBP
12483	62	5	only	only	RB
12483	62	6	on	on	IN
12483	62	7	a	a	DT
12483	62	8	subset	subset	NN
12483	62	9	of	of	IN
12483	62	10	digital	digital	JJ
12483	62	11	content	content	NN
12483	62	12	that	that	WDT
12483	62	13	they	-PRON-	PRP
12483	62	14	classify	classify	VBP
12483	62	15	as	as	IN
12483	62	16	having	have	VBG
12483	62	17	higher	high	JJR
12483	62	18	priority	priority	NN
12483	62	19	.	.	.
12483	63	1	Even	even	RB
12483	63	2	for	for	IN
12483	63	3	this	this	DT
12483	63	4	subset	subset	NN
12483	63	5	of	of	IN
12483	63	6	content	content	NN
12483	63	7	,	,	,
12483	63	8	their	-PRON-	PRP$
12483	63	9	reaction	reaction	NN
12483	63	10	speed	speed	NN
12483	63	11	is	be	VBZ
12483	63	12	much	much	RB
12483	63	13	slower	slow	JJR
12483	63	14	than	than	IN
12483	63	15	the	the	DT
12483	63	16	fake	fake	JJ
12483	63	17	information	information	NN
12483	63	18	’s	’s	,
12483	63	19	spread	spread	VBD
12483	63	20	speed	speed	NN
12483	63	21	.	.	.
12483	64	1	Therefore	therefore	RB
12483	64	2	,	,	,
12483	64	3	automated	automate	VBN
12483	64	4	and	and	CC
12483	64	5	verified	verify	VBD
12483	64	6	systems	system	NNS
12483	64	7	emerge	emerge	VBP
12483	64	8	as	as	IN
12483	64	9	an	an	DT
12483	64	10	inevitable	inevitable	JJ
12483	64	11	last	last	JJ
12483	64	12	option	option	NN
12483	64	13	.	.	.
12483	65	1	The	the	DT
12483	65	2	third	third	JJ
12483	65	3	strategy	strategy	NN
12483	65	4	offers	offer	VBZ
12483	65	5	automated	automate	VBD
12483	65	6	fact	fact	NN
12483	65	7	-	-	HYPH
12483	65	8	checking	check	VBG
12483	65	9	systems	system	NNS
12483	65	10	,	,	,
12483	65	11	which	which	WDT
12483	65	12	once	once	RB
12483	65	13	trained	train	VBD
12483	65	14	,	,	,
12483	65	15	can	can	MD
12483	65	16	deliver	deliver	VB
12483	65	17	content	content	NN
12483	65	18	labelling	labelling	NN
12483	65	19	at	at	IN
12483	65	20	unprecedented	unprecedented	JJ
12483	65	21	speeds	speed	NNS
12483	65	22	.	.	.
12483	66	1	Today	today	NN
12483	66	2	,	,	,
12483	66	3	many	many	JJ
12483	66	4	researchers	researcher	NNS
12483	66	5	are	be	VBP
12483	66	6	researching	research	VBG
12483	66	7	automated	automate	VBN
12483	66	8	solutions	solution	NNS
12483	66	9	and	and	CC
12483	66	10	building	building	NN
12483	66	11	models	model	NNS
12483	66	12	with	with	IN
12483	66	13	different	different	JJ
12483	66	14	methodologies.18	methodologies.18	NNP
12483	66	15	Notwithstanding	Notwithstanding	NNP
12483	66	16	the	the	DT
12483	66	17	latest	late	JJS
12483	66	18	studies	study	NNS
12483	66	19	,	,	,
12483	66	20	there	there	EX
12483	66	21	is	be	VBZ
12483	66	22	still	still	RB
12483	66	23	a	a	DT
12483	66	24	lot	lot	NN
12483	66	25	to	to	TO
12483	66	26	do	do	VB
12483	66	27	in	in	IN
12483	66	28	the	the	DT
12483	66	29	realm	realm	NN
12483	66	30	of	of	IN
12483	66	31	automated	automate	VBN
12483	66	32	fake	fake	JJ
12483	66	33	news	news	NN
12483	66	34	detection	detection	NN
12483	66	35	.	.	.
12483	67	1	Automated	automate	VBN
12483	67	2	fact	fact	NN
12483	67	3	-	-	HYPH
12483	67	4	checking	check	VBG
12483	67	5	systems	system	NNS
12483	67	6	will	will	MD
12483	67	7	be	be	VB
12483	67	8	detailed	detail	VBN
12483	67	9	in	in	IN
12483	67	10	the	the	DT
12483	67	11	rest	rest	NN
12483	67	12	of	of	IN
12483	67	13	the	the	DT
12483	67	14	paper	paper	NN
12483	67	15	.	.	.
12483	68	1	Thanks	thank	NNS
12483	68	2	to	to	IN
12483	68	3	the	the	DT
12483	68	4	internet	internet	NN
12483	68	5	,	,	,
12483	68	6	the	the	DT
12483	68	7	collections	collection	NNS
12483	68	8	of	of	IN
12483	68	9	digital	digital	JJ
12483	68	10	content	content	NN
12483	68	11	served	serve	VBN
12483	68	12	by	by	IN
12483	68	13	digital	digital	JJ
12483	68	14	libraries	library	NNS
12483	68	15	can	can	MD
12483	68	16	be	be	VB
12483	68	17	accessed	access	VBN
12483	68	18	by	by	IN
12483	68	19	a	a	DT
12483	68	20	great	great	JJ
12483	68	21	number	number	NN
12483	68	22	of	of	IN
12483	68	23	users	user	NNS
12483	68	24	without	without	IN
12483	68	25	distance	distance	NN
12483	68	26	and	and	CC
12483	68	27	time	time	NN
12483	68	28	limits	limit	NNS
12483	68	29	.	.	.
12483	69	1	Therefore	therefore	RB
12483	69	2	,	,	,
12483	69	3	we	-PRON-	PRP
12483	69	4	propose	propose	VBP
12483	69	5	a	a	DT
12483	69	6	solution	solution	NN
12483	69	7	to	to	IN
12483	69	8	the	the	DT
12483	69	9	problem	problem	NN
12483	69	10	by	by	IN
12483	69	11	positioning	position	VBG
12483	69	12	digital	digital	JJ
12483	69	13	libraries	library	NNS
12483	69	14	as	as	IN
12483	69	15	automated	automate	VBN
12483	69	16	fact	fact	NN
12483	69	17	-	-	HYPH
12483	69	18	checking	check	VBG
12483	69	19	services	service	NNS
12483	69	20	,	,	,
12483	69	21	which	which	WDT
12483	69	22	label	label	VBP
12483	69	23	digital	digital	JJ
12483	69	24	news	news	NN
12483	69	25	content	content	NN
12483	69	26	as	as	IN
12483	69	27	fake	fake	JJ
12483	69	28	or	or	CC
12483	69	29	valid	valid	JJ
12483	69	30	as	as	RB
12483	69	31	soon	soon	RB
12483	69	32	as	as	IN
12483	69	33	or	or	CC
12483	69	34	before	before	IN
12483	69	35	it	-PRON-	PRP
12483	69	36	is	be	VBZ
12483	69	37	served	serve	VBN
12483	69	38	through	through	IN
12483	69	39	library	library	NN
12483	69	40	systems	system	NNS
12483	69	41	.	.	.
12483	70	1	The	the	DT
12483	70	2	main	main	JJ
12483	70	3	reason	reason	NN
12483	70	4	we	-PRON-	PRP
12483	70	5	associate	associate	VBP
12483	70	6	this	this	DT
12483	70	7	approach	approach	NN
12483	70	8	with	with	IN
12483	70	9	digital	digital	JJ
12483	70	10	libraries	library	NNS
12483	70	11	is	be	VBZ
12483	70	12	their	-PRON-	PRP$
12483	70	13	access	access	NN
12483	70	14	to	to	IN
12483	70	15	a	a	DT
12483	70	16	wide	wide	JJ
12483	70	17	variety	variety	NN
12483	70	18	of	of	IN
12483	70	19	digital	digital	JJ
12483	70	20	content	content	NN
12483	70	21	which	which	WDT
12483	70	22	can	can	MD
12483	70	23	be	be	VB
12483	70	24	used	use	VBN
12483	70	25	to	to	TO
12483	70	26	train	train	VB
12483	70	27	the	the	DT
12483	70	28	proposed	propose	VBN
12483	70	29	mathematical	mathematical	JJ
12483	70	30	models	model	NNS
12483	70	31	,	,	,
12483	70	32	as	as	RB
12483	70	33	well	well	RB
12483	70	34	as	as	IN
12483	70	35	their	-PRON-	PRP$
12483	70	36	role	role	NN
12483	70	37	in	in	IN
12483	70	38	the	the	DT
12483	70	39	society	society	NN
12483	70	40	as	as	IN
12483	70	41	the	the	DT
12483	70	42	publisher	publisher	NN
12483	70	43	of	of	IN
12483	70	44	trusted	trusted	JJ
12483	70	45	information	information	NN
12483	70	46	.	.	.
12483	71	1	To	to	IN
12483	71	2	this	this	DT
12483	71	3	end	end	NN
12483	71	4	,	,	,
12483	71	5	we	-PRON-	PRP
12483	71	6	develop	develop	VBP
12483	71	7	a	a	DT
12483	71	8	mathematical	mathematical	JJ
12483	71	9	model	model	NN
12483	71	10	that	that	WDT
12483	71	11	is	be	VBZ
12483	71	12	trained	train	VBN
12483	71	13	using	use	VBG
12483	71	14	existing	exist	VBG
12483	71	15	news	news	NN
12483	71	16	content	content	NN
12483	71	17	served	serve	VBN
12483	71	18	by	by	IN
12483	71	19	digital	digital	JJ
12483	71	20	libraries	library	NNS
12483	71	21	,	,	,
12483	71	22	and	and	CC
12483	71	23	capable	capable	JJ
12483	71	24	of	of	IN
12483	71	25	labelling	label	VBG
12483	71	26	news	news	NN
12483	71	27	content	content	NN
12483	71	28	as	as	IN
12483	71	29	fake	fake	JJ
12483	71	30	or	or	CC
12483	71	31	valid	valid	JJ
12483	71	32	with	with	IN
12483	71	33	unprecedented	unprecedented	JJ
12483	71	34	accuracy	accuracy	NN
12483	71	35	.	.	.
12483	72	1	The	the	DT
12483	72	2	proposed	propose	VBN
12483	72	3	solution	solution	NN
12483	72	4	uses	use	VBZ
12483	72	5	machine	machine	NN
12483	72	6	learning	learning	NN
12483	72	7	techniques	technique	NNS
12483	72	8	with	with	IN
12483	72	9	an	an	DT
12483	72	10	optimized	optimized	JJ
12483	72	11	set	set	NN
12483	72	12	of	of	IN
12483	72	13	extracted	extract	VBN
12483	72	14	features	feature	NNS
12483	72	15	and	and	CC
12483	72	16	annotated	annotate	VBD
12483	72	17	labels	label	NNS
12483	72	18	of	of	IN
12483	72	19	existing	exist	VBG
12483	72	20	digital	digital	JJ
12483	72	21	news	news	NN
12483	72	22	content	content	NN
12483	72	23	.	.	.
12483	73	1	Our	-PRON-	PRP$
12483	73	2	study	study	NN
12483	73	3	mainly	mainly	RB
12483	73	4	contributes	contribute	VBZ
12483	73	5	(	(	-LRB-
12483	73	6	a	a	LS
12483	73	7	)	)	-RRB-
12483	73	8	a	a	DT
12483	73	9	new	new	JJ
12483	73	10	set	set	NN
12483	73	11	of	of	IN
12483	73	12	features	feature	NNS
12483	73	13	highly	highly	RB
12483	73	14	applicable	applicable	JJ
12483	73	15	for	for	IN
12483	73	16	agglutinative	agglutinative	JJ
12483	73	17	languages	language	NNS
12483	73	18	,	,	,
12483	73	19	(	(	-LRB-
12483	73	20	b	b	LS
12483	73	21	)	)	-RRB-
12483	73	22	the	the	DT
12483	73	23	first	first	JJ
12483	73	24	hybrid	hybrid	JJ
12483	73	25	model	model	NN
12483	73	26	combining	combine	VBG
12483	73	27	a	a	DT
12483	73	28	lexicon	lexicon	NN
12483	73	29	/	/	SYM
12483	73	30	dictionary-	dictionary-	NNP
12483	73	31	based	base	VBN
12483	73	32	approach	approach	NN
12483	73	33	with	with	IN
12483	73	34	machine	machine	NN
12483	73	35	learning	learning	NN
12483	73	36	methods	method	NNS
12483	73	37	to	to	TO
12483	73	38	detect	detect	VB
12483	73	39	fake	fake	JJ
12483	73	40	news	news	NN
12483	73	41	,	,	,
12483	73	42	and	and	CC
12483	73	43	(	(	-LRB-
12483	73	44	c	c	NN
12483	73	45	)	)	-RRB-
12483	73	46	a	a	DT
12483	73	47	benchmark	benchmark	JJ
12483	73	48	dataset	dataset	NN
12483	73	49	prepared	prepare	VBN
12483	73	50	in	in	IN
12483	73	51	Turkish	Turkish	NNP
12483	73	52	for	for	IN
12483	73	53	fake	fake	JJ
12483	73	54	news	news	NN
12483	73	55	detection	detection	NN
12483	73	56	.	.	.
12483	74	1	LITERATURE	LITERATURE	NNP
12483	74	2	REVIEW	REVIEW	NNP
12483	74	3	Contemporary	Contemporary	NNP
12483	74	4	studies	study	NNS
12483	74	5	have	have	VBP
12483	74	6	indicated	indicate	VBN
12483	74	7	that	that	IN
12483	74	8	social	social	JJ
12483	74	9	,	,	,
12483	74	10	economic	economic	JJ
12483	74	11	,	,	,
12483	74	12	and	and	CC
12483	74	13	political	political	JJ
12483	74	14	events	event	NNS
12483	74	15	in	in	IN
12483	74	16	recent	recent	JJ
12483	74	17	years	year	NNS
12483	74	18	,	,	,
12483	74	19	especially	especially	RB
12483	74	20	after	after	IN
12483	74	21	the	the	DT
12483	74	22	2016	2016	CD
12483	74	23	US	US	NNP
12483	74	24	presidential	presidential	JJ
12483	74	25	elections	election	NNS
12483	74	26	,	,	,
12483	74	27	are	be	VBP
12483	74	28	increasingly	increasingly	RB
12483	74	29	associated	associate	VBN
12483	74	30	with	with	IN
12483	74	31	the	the	DT
12483	74	32	concept	concept	NN
12483	74	33	of	of	IN
12483	74	34	fake	fake	JJ
12483	74	35	news.19	news.19	NNP
12483	74	36	Since	since	IN
12483	74	37	then	then	RB
12483	74	38	,	,	,
12483	74	39	fake	fake	JJ
12483	74	40	news	news	NN
12483	74	41	has	have	VBZ
12483	74	42	begun	begin	VBN
12483	74	43	to	to	TO
12483	74	44	be	be	VB
12483	74	45	used	use	VBN
12483	74	46	as	as	IN
12483	74	47	a	a	DT
12483	74	48	tool	tool	NN
12483	74	49	in	in	IN
12483	74	50	many	many	JJ
12483	74	51	domains	domain	NNS
12483	74	52	.	.	.
12483	75	1	On	on	IN
12483	75	2	the	the	DT
12483	75	3	other	other	JJ
12483	75	4	hand	hand	NN
12483	75	5	,	,	,
12483	75	6	researchers	researcher	NNS
12483	75	7	motivated	motivate	VBN
12483	75	8	by	by	IN
12483	75	9	finding	find	VBG
12483	75	10	automated	automate	VBN
12483	75	11	solutions	solution	NNS
12483	75	12	started	start	VBD
12483	75	13	to	to	TO
12483	75	14	make	make	VB
12483	75	15	use	use	NN
12483	75	16	of	of	IN
12483	75	17	machine	machine	NN
12483	75	18	learning	learning	NN
12483	75	19	,	,	,
12483	75	20	deep	deep	JJ
12483	75	21	learning	learning	NN
12483	75	22	,	,	,
12483	75	23	hybrid	hybrid	JJ
12483	75	24	models	model	NNS
12483	75	25	,	,	,
12483	75	26	and	and	CC
12483	75	27	other	other	JJ
12483	75	28	methodologies	methodology	NNS
12483	75	29	for	for	IN
12483	75	30	their	-PRON-	PRP$
12483	75	31	solutions	solution	NNS
12483	75	32	.	.	.
12483	76	1	https://storyzy.com/	https://storyzy.com/	CD
12483	76	2	INFORMATION	INFORMATION	NNP
12483	76	3	TECHNOLOGY	technology	NN
12483	76	4	AND	and	CC
12483	76	5	LIBRARIES	library	NNS
12483	76	6	DECEMBER	DECEMBER	NNP
12483	76	7	2020	2020	CD
12483	76	8	AUTOMATED	AUTOMATED	NNP
12483	76	9	FAKE	FAKE	NNP
12483	76	10	NEWS	NEWS	NNP
12483	76	11	DETECTION	detection	VB
12483	76	12	IN	in	IN
12483	76	13	THE	the	DT
12483	76	14	AGE	AGE	NNP
12483	76	15	OF	of	IN
12483	76	16	DIGITAL	DIGITAL	NNP
12483	76	17	LIBRARIES	library	NNS
12483	76	18	|	|	NNP
12483	76	19	MERTOĞLU	MERTOĞLU	NNS
12483	76	20	AND	and	CC
12483	76	21	GENÇ	genç	NN
12483	76	22	5	5	CD
12483	76	23	Although	although	IN
12483	76	24	computational	computational	JJ
12483	76	25	deception	deception	NN
12483	76	26	detection	detection	NN
12483	76	27	studies	study	NNS
12483	76	28	applying	apply	VBG
12483	76	29	NLP	NLP	NNP
12483	76	30	(	(	-LRB-
12483	76	31	Natural	Natural	NNP
12483	76	32	Language	Language	NNP
12483	76	33	Processing	Processing	NNP
12483	76	34	)	)	-RRB-
12483	76	35	operations	operation	NNS
12483	76	36	are	be	VBP
12483	76	37	not	not	RB
12483	76	38	new	new	JJ
12483	76	39	,	,	,
12483	76	40	textual	textual	JJ
12483	76	41	deception	deception	NN
12483	76	42	in	in	IN
12483	76	43	the	the	DT
12483	76	44	context	context	NN
12483	76	45	of	of	IN
12483	76	46	text	text	NN
12483	76	47	-	-	HYPH
12483	76	48	based	base	VBN
12483	76	49	news	news	NN
12483	76	50	is	be	VBZ
12483	76	51	a	a	DT
12483	76	52	new	new	JJ
12483	76	53	topic	topic	NN
12483	76	54	for	for	IN
12483	76	55	the	the	DT
12483	76	56	field	field	NN
12483	76	57	of	of	IN
12483	76	58	journalism.20	journalism.20	NNP
12483	76	59	Accordingly	accordingly	RB
12483	76	60	,	,	,
12483	76	61	we	-PRON-	PRP
12483	76	62	believe	believe	VBP
12483	76	63	that	that	IN
12483	76	64	there	there	EX
12483	76	65	is	be	VBZ
12483	76	66	a	a	DT
12483	76	67	hidden	hidden	JJ
12483	76	68	body	body	NN
12483	76	69	language	language	NN
12483	76	70	of	of	IN
12483	76	71	news	news	NN
12483	76	72	text	text	NN
12483	76	73	,	,	,
12483	76	74	which	which	WDT
12483	76	75	has	have	VBZ
12483	76	76	linguistic	linguistic	JJ
12483	76	77	clues	clue	NNS
12483	76	78	indicating	indicate	VBG
12483	76	79	whether	whether	IN
12483	76	80	the	the	DT
12483	76	81	news	news	NN
12483	76	82	is	be	VBZ
12483	76	83	fake	fake	JJ
12483	76	84	or	or	CC
12483	76	85	not	not	RB
12483	76	86	.	.	.
12483	77	1	Thus	thus	RB
12483	77	2	,	,	,
12483	77	3	lexical	lexical	JJ
12483	77	4	,	,	,
12483	77	5	syntactic	syntactic	JJ
12483	77	6	,	,	,
12483	77	7	semantic	semantic	JJ
12483	77	8	,	,	,
12483	77	9	and	and	CC
12483	77	10	rhetorical	rhetorical	JJ
12483	77	11	analysis	analysis	NN
12483	77	12	when	when	WRB
12483	77	13	used	use	VBN
12483	77	14	with	with	IN
12483	77	15	machine	machine	NN
12483	77	16	learning	learning	NN
12483	77	17	and	and	CC
12483	77	18	deep	deep	JJ
12483	77	19	learning	learning	NN
12483	77	20	techniques	technique	NNS
12483	77	21	offers	offer	VBZ
12483	77	22	encouraging	encourage	VBG
12483	77	23	directions	direction	NNS
12483	77	24	.	.	.
12483	78	1	The	the	DT
12483	78	2	textual	textual	JJ
12483	78	3	deception	deception	NN
12483	78	4	spread	spread	VBD
12483	78	5	over	over	IN
12483	78	6	a	a	DT
12483	78	7	wide	wide	JJ
12483	78	8	spectrum	spectrum	NN
12483	78	9	and	and	CC
12483	78	10	the	the	DT
12483	78	11	studies	study	NNS
12483	78	12	have	have	VBP
12483	78	13	utilized	utilize	VBN
12483	78	14	many	many	JJ
12483	78	15	different	different	JJ
12483	78	16	techniques	technique	NNS
12483	78	17	.	.	.
12483	79	1	There	there	EX
12483	79	2	are	be	VBP
12483	79	3	some	some	DT
12483	79	4	prominent	prominent	JJ
12483	79	5	studies	study	NNS
12483	79	6	which	which	WDT
12483	79	7	took	take	VBD
12483	79	8	the	the	DT
12483	79	9	problem	problem	NN
12483	79	10	as	as	IN
12483	79	11	a	a	DT
12483	79	12	binary	binary	JJ
12483	79	13	classification	classification	NN
12483	79	14	problem	problem	NN
12483	79	15	utilizing	utilize	VBG
12483	79	16	linguistic	linguistic	JJ
12483	79	17	clues.21	clues.21	NNP
12483	79	18	Although	although	IN
12483	79	19	it	-PRON-	PRP
12483	79	20	is	be	VBZ
12483	79	21	still	still	RB
12483	79	22	early	early	JJ
12483	79	23	to	to	TO
12483	79	24	say	say	VB
12483	79	25	the	the	DT
12483	79	26	linguistic	linguistic	JJ
12483	79	27	characteristics	characteristic	NNS
12483	79	28	of	of	IN
12483	79	29	fake	fake	JJ
12483	79	30	news	news	NN
12483	79	31	are	be	VBP
12483	79	32	fully	fully	RB
12483	79	33	understood	understand	VBN
12483	79	34	,	,	,
12483	79	35	research	research	NN
12483	79	36	into	into	IN
12483	79	37	fake	fake	JJ
12483	79	38	-	-	HYPH
12483	79	39	news	news	NN
12483	79	40	detection	detection	NN
12483	79	41	in	in	IN
12483	79	42	English	English	NNP
12483	79	43	-	-	HYPH
12483	79	44	language	language	NN
12483	79	45	texts	text	NNS
12483	79	46	is	be	VBZ
12483	79	47	relatively	relatively	RB
12483	79	48	advanced	advanced	JJ
12483	79	49	compared	compare	VBN
12483	79	50	to	to	IN
12483	79	51	that	that	DT
12483	79	52	in	in	IN
12483	79	53	other	other	JJ
12483	79	54	languages	language	NNS
12483	79	55	.	.	.
12483	80	1	In	in	IN
12483	80	2	contrast	contrast	NN
12483	80	3	,	,	,
12483	80	4	agglutinative	agglutinative	JJ
12483	80	5	languages	language	NNS
12483	80	6	such	such	JJ
12483	80	7	as	as	IN
12483	80	8	Turkish	turkish	JJ
12483	80	9	have	have	VBP
12483	80	10	been	be	VBN
12483	80	11	little	little	RB
12483	80	12	researched	research	VBN
12483	80	13	when	when	WRB
12483	80	14	it	-PRON-	PRP
12483	80	15	comes	come	VBZ
12483	80	16	to	to	IN
12483	80	17	fake	fake	JJ
12483	80	18	news	news	NN
12483	80	19	detection	detection	NN
12483	80	20	.	.	.
12483	81	1	Agglutinative	agglutinative	JJ
12483	81	2	languages	language	NNS
12483	81	3	enable	enable	VBP
12483	81	4	the	the	DT
12483	81	5	construction	construction	NN
12483	81	6	of	of	IN
12483	81	7	words	word	NNS
12483	81	8	by	by	IN
12483	81	9	adding	add	VBG
12483	81	10	various	various	JJ
12483	81	11	morphemes	morpheme	NNS
12483	81	12	,	,	,
12483	81	13	which	which	WDT
12483	81	14	means	mean	VBZ
12483	81	15	that	that	IN
12483	81	16	words	word	NNS
12483	81	17	that	that	WDT
12483	81	18	are	be	VBP
12483	81	19	not	not	RB
12483	81	20	practically	practically	RB
12483	81	21	in	in	IN
12483	81	22	use	use	NN
12483	81	23	may	may	MD
12483	81	24	exist	exist	VB
12483	81	25	theoretically	theoretically	RB
12483	81	26	.	.	.
12483	82	1	For	for	IN
12483	82	2	example	example	NN
12483	82	3	,	,	,
12483	82	4	“	"	``
12483	82	5	gerek	gerek	JJ
12483	82	6	-	-	HYPH
12483	82	7	siz	siz	JJ
12483	82	8	-	-	HYPH
12483	82	9	leş	leş	NN
12483	82	10	-	-	HYPH
12483	82	11	tir	tir	NN
12483	82	12	-	-	HYPH
12483	82	13	ebil-	ebil-	NN
12483	82	14	ecek	ecek	NNP
12483	82	15	-	-	HYPH
12483	82	16	leri	leri	NN
12483	82	17	-	-	HYPH
12483	82	18	miz	miz	NN
12483	82	19	-	-	HYPH
12483	82	20	den	den	NNP
12483	82	21	-	-	HYPH
12483	82	22	dir	dir	NNP
12483	82	23	,	,	,
12483	82	24	”	"	''
12483	82	25	is	be	VBZ
12483	82	26	a	a	DT
12483	82	27	theoretically	theoretically	RB
12483	82	28	possible	possible	JJ
12483	82	29	word	word	NN
12483	82	30	that	that	DT
12483	82	31	means	mean	VBZ
12483	82	32	“	"	``
12483	82	33	it	-PRON-	PRP
12483	82	34	is	be	VBZ
12483	82	35	one	one	CD
12483	82	36	of	of	IN
12483	82	37	the	the	DT
12483	82	38	things	thing	NNS
12483	82	39	that	that	WDT
12483	82	40	we	-PRON-	PRP
12483	82	41	will	will	MD
12483	82	42	be	be	VB
12483	82	43	able	able	JJ
12483	82	44	to	to	TO
12483	82	45	make	make	VB
12483	82	46	redundant	redundant	JJ
12483	82	47	,	,	,
12483	82	48	”	"	''
12483	82	49	but	but	CC
12483	82	50	it	-PRON-	PRP
12483	82	51	is	be	VBZ
12483	82	52	not	not	RB
12483	82	53	a	a	DT
12483	82	54	practical	practical	JJ
12483	82	55	one	one	NN
12483	82	56	.	.	.
12483	83	1	Shu	Shu	NNP
12483	83	2	et	et	NNP
12483	83	3	al	al	NNP
12483	83	4	.	.	.
12483	84	1	classified	classify	VBD
12483	84	2	the	the	DT
12483	84	3	models	model	NNS
12483	84	4	for	for	IN
12483	84	5	the	the	DT
12483	84	6	detection	detection	NN
12483	84	7	of	of	IN
12483	84	8	fake	fake	JJ
12483	84	9	news	news	NN
12483	84	10	in	in	IN
12483	84	11	their	-PRON-	PRP$
12483	84	12	study.22	study.22	NNP
12483	84	13	According	accord	VBG
12483	84	14	to	to	IN
12483	84	15	this	this	DT
12483	84	16	study	study	NN
12483	84	17	,	,	,
12483	84	18	the	the	DT
12483	84	19	automated	automate	VBN
12483	84	20	approaches	approach	NNS
12483	84	21	can	can	MD
12483	84	22	focus	focus	VB
12483	84	23	on	on	IN
12483	84	24	four	four	CD
12483	84	25	types	type	NNS
12483	84	26	of	of	IN
12483	84	27	attributes	attribute	NNS
12483	84	28	to	to	TO
12483	84	29	detect	detect	VB
12483	84	30	fake	fake	JJ
12483	84	31	news	news	NN
12483	84	32	:	:	:
12483	84	33	knowledge	knowledge	NN
12483	84	34	based	base	VBN
12483	84	35	,	,	,
12483	84	36	style	style	NN
12483	84	37	based	base	VBN
12483	84	38	,	,	,
12483	84	39	stance	stance	NN
12483	84	40	based	base	VBN
12483	84	41	,	,	,
12483	84	42	or	or	CC
12483	84	43	propagation	propagation	NN
12483	84	44	based	base	VBN
12483	84	45	.	.	.
12483	85	1	Among	among	IN
12483	85	2	these	these	DT
12483	85	3	,	,	,
12483	85	4	it	-PRON-	PRP
12483	85	5	can	can	MD
12483	85	6	be	be	VB
12483	85	7	said	say	VBN
12483	85	8	that	that	IN
12483	85	9	the	the	DT
12483	85	10	most	most	RBS
12483	85	11	useful	useful	JJ
12483	85	12	approaches	approach	NNS
12483	85	13	are	be	VBP
12483	85	14	the	the	DT
12483	85	15	ones	one	NNS
12483	85	16	which	which	WDT
12483	85	17	focus	focus	VBP
12483	85	18	on	on	IN
12483	85	19	the	the	DT
12483	85	20	textual	textual	JJ
12483	85	21	news	news	NN
12483	85	22	content	content	NN
12483	85	23	.	.	.
12483	86	1	Th	Th	NNP
12483	86	2	e	e	DT
12483	86	3	textual	textual	JJ
12483	86	4	content	content	NN
12483	86	5	can	can	MD
12483	86	6	be	be	VB
12483	86	7	studied	study	VBN
12483	86	8	by	by	IN
12483	86	9	an	an	DT
12483	86	10	automated	automated	JJ
12483	86	11	process	process	NN
12483	86	12	to	to	TO
12483	86	13	extract	extract	VB
12483	86	14	features	feature	NNS
12483	86	15	that	that	WDT
12483	86	16	can	can	MD
12483	86	17	be	be	VB
12483	86	18	very	very	RB
12483	86	19	helpful	helpful	JJ
12483	86	20	in	in	IN
12483	86	21	classifying	classify	VBG
12483	86	22	content	content	NN
12483	86	23	as	as	IN
12483	86	24	fake	fake	JJ
12483	86	25	or	or	CC
12483	86	26	valid	valid	JJ
12483	86	27	.	.	.
12483	87	1	Many	many	JJ
12483	87	2	scholars	scholar	NNS
12483	87	3	have	have	VBP
12483	87	4	tried	try	VBN
12483	87	5	to	to	TO
12483	87	6	build	build	VB
12483	87	7	models	model	NNS
12483	87	8	for	for	IN
12483	87	9	automatic	automatic	JJ
12483	87	10	detection	detection	NN
12483	87	11	and	and	CC
12483	87	12	prediction	prediction	NN
12483	87	13	of	of	IN
12483	87	14	fake	fake	JJ
12483	87	15	news	news	NN
12483	87	16	using	use	VBG
12483	87	17	machine	machine	NN
12483	87	18	learning	learn	VBG
12483	87	19	algorithms	algorithm	NNS
12483	87	20	,	,	,
12483	87	21	deep	deep	JJ
12483	87	22	learning	learning	NN
12483	87	23	algorithms	algorithm	NNS
12483	87	24	,	,	,
12483	87	25	and	and	CC
12483	87	26	other	other	JJ
12483	87	27	techniques	technique	NNS
12483	87	28	.	.	.
12483	88	1	These	these	DT
12483	88	2	scholars	scholar	NNS
12483	88	3	approach	approach	VBP
12483	88	4	the	the	DT
12483	88	5	detection	detection	NN
12483	88	6	of	of	IN
12483	88	7	fake	fake	JJ
12483	88	8	news	news	NN
12483	88	9	from	from	IN
12483	88	10	many	many	JJ
12483	88	11	different	different	JJ
12483	88	12	perspectives	perspective	NNS
12483	88	13	and	and	CC
12483	88	14	domains	domain	NNS
12483	88	15	.	.	.
12483	89	1	For	for	IN
12483	89	2	example	example	NN
12483	89	3	,	,	,
12483	89	4	in	in	IN
12483	89	5	one	one	CD
12483	89	6	of	of	IN
12483	89	7	the	the	DT
12483	89	8	studies	study	NNS
12483	89	9	,	,	,
12483	89	10	scientific	scientific	JJ
12483	89	11	news	news	NN
12483	89	12	and	and	CC
12483	89	13	conspiracy	conspiracy	NN
12483	89	14	news	news	NN
12483	89	15	were	be	VBD
12483	89	16	used.23	used.23	NNP
12483	89	17	In	in	IN
12483	89	18	Shu	Shu	NNP
12483	89	19	et	et	NNP
12483	89	20	al	al	NNP
12483	89	21	.	.	NNP
12483	89	22	’s	’s	NNP
12483	89	23	study	study	NN
12483	89	24	based	base	VBN
12483	89	25	on	on	IN
12483	89	26	credibility	credibility	NN
12483	89	27	of	of	IN
12483	89	28	news	news	NN
12483	89	29	,	,	,
12483	89	30	the	the	DT
12483	89	31	headlines	headline	NNS
12483	89	32	were	be	VBD
12483	89	33	used	use	VBN
12483	89	34	to	to	TO
12483	89	35	determine	determine	VB
12483	89	36	whether	whether	IN
12483	89	37	the	the	DT
12483	89	38	article	article	NN
12483	89	39	was	be	VBD
12483	89	40	clickbait	clickbait	JJ
12483	89	41	or	or	CC
12483	89	42	not	not	RB
12483	89	43	.	.	.
12483	90	1	In	in	IN
12483	90	2	another	another	DT
12483	90	3	study	study	NN
12483	90	4	,	,	,
12483	90	5	Reis	Reis	NNP
12483	90	6	et	et	NNP
12483	90	7	al	al	NNP
12483	90	8	.	.	.
12483	91	1	worked	work	VBN
12483	91	2	on	on	IN
12483	91	3	Buzzfeed	Buzzfeed	NNP
12483	91	4	articles	article	NNS
12483	91	5	linked	link	VBN
12483	91	6	to	to	IN
12483	91	7	the	the	DT
12483	91	8	2016	2016	CD
12483	91	9	US	US	NNP
12483	91	10	election	election	NN
12483	91	11	using	use	VBG
12483	91	12	machine	machine	NN
12483	91	13	learning	learning	NN
12483	91	14	techniques	technique	NNS
12483	91	15	with	with	IN
12483	91	16	a	a	DT
12483	91	17	supervised	supervise	VBN
12483	91	18	learning	learn	VBG
12483	91	19	approach.24	approach.24	NNP
12483	91	20	Studies	Studies	NNP
12483	91	21	which	which	WDT
12483	91	22	try	try	VBP
12483	91	23	to	to	TO
12483	91	24	detect	detect	VB
12483	91	25	satire	satire	NN
12483	91	26	and	and	CC
12483	91	27	sarcasm	sarcasm	NN
12483	91	28	can	can	MD
12483	91	29	be	be	VB
12483	91	30	attributed	attribute	VBN
12483	91	31	to	to	IN
12483	91	32	subcategories	subcategorie	NNS
12483	91	33	of	of	IN
12483	91	34	fake	fake	JJ
12483	91	35	news	news	NN
12483	91	36	detection.25	detection.25	NNP
12483	91	37	Our	-PRON-	PRP$
12483	91	38	observation	observation	NN
12483	91	39	,	,	,
12483	91	40	in	in	IN
12483	91	41	line	line	NN
12483	91	42	with	with	IN
12483	91	43	the	the	DT
12483	91	44	general	general	JJ
12483	91	45	view	view	NN
12483	91	46	,	,	,
12483	91	47	is	be	VBZ
12483	91	48	that	that	DT
12483	91	49	satire	satire	NN
12483	91	50	is	be	VBZ
12483	91	51	not	not	RB
12483	91	52	always	always	RB
12483	91	53	recognizable	recognizable	JJ
12483	91	54	and	and	CC
12483	91	55	can	can	MD
12483	91	56	be	be	VB
12483	91	57	misunderstood	misunderstand	VBN
12483	91	58	for	for	IN
12483	91	59	real	real	JJ
12483	91	60	news.26	news.26	NNP
12483	91	61	For	for	IN
12483	91	62	this	this	DT
12483	91	63	reason	reason	NN
12483	91	64	,	,	,
12483	91	65	we	-PRON-	PRP
12483	91	66	included	include	VBD
12483	91	67	satirical	satirical	JJ
12483	91	68	news	news	NN
12483	91	69	in	in	IN
12483	91	70	our	-PRON-	PRP$
12483	91	71	dataset	dataset	NN
12483	91	72	.	.	.
12483	92	1	It	-PRON-	PRP
12483	92	2	should	should	MD
12483	92	3	be	be	VB
12483	92	4	noted	note	VBN
12483	92	5	that	that	IN
12483	92	6	although	although	IN
12483	92	7	satire	satire	NN
12483	92	8	or	or	CC
12483	92	9	sarcasm	sarcasm	NN
12483	92	10	can	can	MD
12483	92	11	be	be	VB
12483	92	12	classified	classify	VBN
12483	92	13	by	by	IN
12483	92	14	automated	automate	VBN
12483	92	15	detection	detection	NN
12483	92	16	systems	system	NNS
12483	92	17	,	,	,
12483	92	18	experts	expert	NNS
12483	92	19	should	should	MD
12483	92	20	still	still	RB
12483	92	21	evaluate	evaluate	VB
12483	92	22	the	the	DT
12483	92	23	results	result	NNS
12483	92	24	of	of	IN
12483	92	25	the	the	DT
12483	92	26	classification	classification	NN
12483	92	27	.	.	.
12483	93	1	While	while	IN
12483	93	2	some	some	DT
12483	93	3	scholars	scholar	NNS
12483	93	4	used	use	VBD
12483	93	5	specific	specific	JJ
12483	93	6	models	model	NNS
12483	93	7	focusing	focus	VBG
12483	93	8	on	on	IN
12483	93	9	unique	unique	JJ
12483	93	10	characteristics	characteristic	NNS
12483	93	11	,	,	,
12483	93	12	some	some	DT
12483	93	13	others	other	NNS
12483	93	14	such	such	JJ
12483	93	15	as	as	IN
12483	93	16	Ruchansky	Ruchansky	NNP
12483	93	17	et	et	FW
12483	93	18	al	al	NNP
12483	93	19	.	.	.
12483	94	1	proposed	propose	VBN
12483	94	2	hybrid	hybrid	JJ
12483	94	3	deep	deep	JJ
12483	94	4	models	model	NNS
12483	94	5	for	for	IN
12483	94	6	fake	fake	JJ
12483	94	7	news	news	NN
12483	94	8	detection	detection	NN
12483	94	9	making	make	VBG
12483	94	10	use	use	NN
12483	94	11	of	of	IN
12483	94	12	multiple	multiple	JJ
12483	94	13	kinds	kind	NNS
12483	94	14	of	of	IN
12483	94	15	features	feature	NNS
12483	94	16	such	such	JJ
12483	94	17	as	as	IN
12483	94	18	temporal	temporal	JJ
12483	94	19	engagement	engagement	NN
12483	94	20	between	between	IN
12483	94	21	users	user	NNS
12483	94	22	and	and	CC
12483	94	23	news	news	NN
12483	94	24	articles	article	NNS
12483	94	25	over	over	IN
12483	94	26	time	time	NN
12483	94	27	and	and	CC
12483	94	28	generated	generate	VBD
12483	94	29	a	a	DT
12483	94	30	labelling	labelling	NN
12483	94	31	methodology	methodology	NN
12483	94	32	based	base	VBN
12483	94	33	on	on	IN
12483	94	34	those	those	DT
12483	94	35	features.27	features.27	NNP
12483	94	36	In	in	IN
12483	94	37	related	related	JJ
12483	94	38	studies	study	NNS
12483	94	39	,	,	,
12483	94	40	many	many	JJ
12483	94	41	features	feature	NNS
12483	94	42	such	such	JJ
12483	94	43	as	as	IN
12483	94	44	automatic	automatic	JJ
12483	94	45	extracted	extract	VBN
12483	94	46	features	feature	NNS
12483	94	47	,	,	,
12483	94	48	hand	hand	NN
12483	94	49	-	-	HYPH
12483	94	50	crafted	craft	VBN
12483	94	51	features	feature	NNS
12483	94	52	,	,	,
12483	94	53	social	social	JJ
12483	94	54	features	feature	NNS
12483	94	55	,	,	,
12483	94	56	network	network	NN
12483	94	57	information	information	NN
12483	94	58	,	,	,
12483	94	59	visual	visual	JJ
12483	94	60	features	feature	NNS
12483	94	61	,	,	,
12483	94	62	and	and	CC
12483	94	63	some	some	DT
12483	94	64	others	other	NNS
12483	94	65	such	such	JJ
12483	94	66	as	as	IN
12483	94	67	psycholinguistic	psycholinguistic	JJ
12483	94	68	features	feature	NNS
12483	94	69	,	,	,
12483	94	70	are	be	VBP
12483	94	71	applied	apply	VBN
12483	94	72	by	by	IN
12483	94	73	researchers.28	researchers.28	NNP
12483	94	74	In	in	IN
12483	94	75	this	this	DT
12483	94	76	work	work	NN
12483	94	77	,	,	,
12483	94	78	we	-PRON-	PRP
12483	94	79	focused	focus	VBD
12483	94	80	on	on	IN
12483	94	81	news	news	NN
12483	94	82	content	content	NN
12483	94	83	features	feature	NNS
12483	94	84	,	,	,
12483	94	85	however	however	RB
12483	94	86	the	the	DT
12483	94	87	social	social	JJ
12483	94	88	context	context	NN
12483	94	89	features	feature	NNS
12483	94	90	can	can	MD
12483	94	91	also	also	RB
12483	94	92	be	be	VB
12483	94	93	adapted	adapt	VBN
12483	94	94	using	use	VBG
12483	94	95	different	different	JJ
12483	94	96	tiers	tier	NNS
12483	94	97	such	such	JJ
12483	94	98	as	as	IN
12483	94	99	user	user	NN
12483	94	100	activity	activity	NN
12483	94	101	patterns	pattern	NNS
12483	94	102	,	,	,
12483	94	103	INFORMATION	INFORMATION	VBD
12483	94	104	TECHNOLOGY	technology	NN
12483	94	105	AND	and	CC
12483	94	106	LIBRARIES	library	NNS
12483	94	107	DECEMBER	DECEMBER	NNP
12483	94	108	2020	2020	CD
12483	94	109	AUTOMATED	AUTOMATED	NNP
12483	94	110	FAKE	FAKE	NNP
12483	94	111	NEWS	NEWS	NNP
12483	94	112	DETECTION	detection	VB
12483	94	113	IN	in	IN
12483	94	114	THE	the	DT
12483	94	115	AGE	AGE	NNP
12483	94	116	OF	of	IN
12483	94	117	DIGITAL	DIGITAL	NNP
12483	94	118	LIBRARIES	library	NNS
12483	94	119	|	|	NNP
12483	94	120	MERTOĞLU	MERTOĞLU	NNS
12483	94	121	AND	and	CC
12483	94	122	GENÇ	genç	VBP
12483	94	123	6	6	CD
12483	94	124	analysis	analysis	NN
12483	94	125	of	of	IN
12483	94	126	user	user	NN
12483	94	127	interaction	interaction	NN
12483	94	128	,	,	,
12483	94	129	profile	profile	NN
12483	94	130	metadata	metadata	NN
12483	94	131	,	,	,
12483	94	132	social	social	JJ
12483	94	133	network	network	NN
12483	94	134	/	/	SYM
12483	94	135	graph	graph	NN
12483	94	136	analysis	analysis	NN
12483	94	137	etc	etc	FW
12483	94	138	.	.	.
12483	95	1	to	to	TO
12483	95	2	extract	extract	VB
12483	95	3	features	feature	NNS
12483	95	4	.	.	.
12483	96	1	We	-PRON-	PRP
12483	96	2	also	also	RB
12483	96	3	have	have	VBP
12483	96	4	some	some	DT
12483	96	5	of	of	IN
12483	96	6	these	these	DT
12483	96	7	features	feature	NNS
12483	96	8	in	in	IN
12483	96	9	our	-PRON-	PRP$
12483	96	10	data	datum	NNS
12483	96	11	but	but	CC
12483	96	12	not	not	RB
12483	96	13	having	have	VBG
12483	96	14	ground	ground	NN
12483	96	15	truth	truth	NN
12483	96	16	quantitatively	quantitatively	RB
12483	96	17	,	,	,
12483	96	18	we	-PRON-	PRP
12483	96	19	avoided	avoid	VBD
12483	96	20	using	use	VBG
12483	96	21	these	these	DT
12483	96	22	features	feature	NNS
12483	96	23	.	.	.
12483	97	1	METHODOLOGY	METHODOLOGY	NNP
12483	97	2	In	in	IN
12483	97	3	this	this	DT
12483	97	4	section	section	NN
12483	97	5	,	,	,
12483	97	6	we	-PRON-	PRP
12483	97	7	present	present	VBP
12483	97	8	our	-PRON-	PRP$
12483	97	9	motivation	motivation	NN
12483	97	10	for	for	IN
12483	97	11	this	this	DT
12483	97	12	work	work	NN
12483	97	13	which	which	WDT
12483	97	14	we	-PRON-	PRP
12483	97	15	visualized	visualize	VBD
12483	97	16	in	in	IN
12483	97	17	a	a	DT
12483	97	18	framework	framework	NN
12483	97	19	and	and	CC
12483	97	20	named	name	VBN
12483	97	21	Global	Global	NNP
12483	97	22	Library	Library	NNP
12483	97	23	and	and	CC
12483	97	24	Information	Information	NNP
12483	97	25	Science	Science	NNP
12483	97	26	(	(	-LRB-
12483	97	27	GLIS_1.0	glis_1.0	CD
12483	97	28	)	)	-RRB-
12483	97	29	.	.	.
12483	98	1	Subsequently	subsequently	RB
12483	98	2	,	,	,
12483	98	3	we	-PRON-	PRP
12483	98	4	discuss	discuss	VBP
12483	98	5	the	the	DT
12483	98	6	construction	construction	NN
12483	98	7	of	of	IN
12483	98	8	the	the	DT
12483	98	9	automated	automate	VBN
12483	98	10	detection	detection	NN
12483	98	11	system	system	NN
12483	98	12	as	as	IN
12483	98	13	the	the	DT
12483	98	14	key	key	JJ
12483	98	15	element	element	NN
12483	98	16	of	of	IN
12483	98	17	the	the	DT
12483	98	18	GLIS_1.0	glis_1.0	CD
12483	98	19	framework	framework	NN
12483	98	20	.	.	.
12483	99	1	We	-PRON-	PRP
12483	99	2	explain	explain	VBP
12483	99	3	the	the	DT
12483	99	4	framework	framework	NN
12483	99	5	,	,	,
12483	99	6	model	model	NN
12483	99	7	,	,	,
12483	99	8	dataset	dataset	NN
12483	99	9	,	,	,
12483	99	10	features	feature	NNS
12483	99	11	,	,	,
12483	99	12	and	and	CC
12483	99	13	the	the	DT
12483	99	14	techniques	technique	NNS
12483	99	15	used	use	VBN
12483	99	16	in	in	IN
12483	99	17	this	this	DT
12483	99	18	section	section	NN
12483	99	19	.	.	.
12483	100	1	Framework	framework	VB
12483	100	2	The	the	DT
12483	100	3	main	main	JJ
12483	100	4	structure	structure	NN
12483	100	5	of	of	IN
12483	100	6	the	the	DT
12483	100	7	proposed	propose	VBN
12483	100	8	framework	framework	NN
12483	100	9	is	be	VBZ
12483	100	10	shown	show	VBN
12483	100	11	in	in	IN
12483	100	12	figure	figure	NN
12483	100	13	2	2	CD
12483	100	14	.	.	.
12483	101	1	This	this	DT
12483	101	2	framework	framework	NN
12483	101	3	consists	consist	VBZ
12483	101	4	of	of	IN
12483	101	5	highly	highly	RB
12483	101	6	cohesive	cohesive	JJ
12483	101	7	but	but	CC
12483	101	8	flexible	flexible	JJ
12483	101	9	layers	layer	NNS
12483	101	10	.	.	.
12483	102	1	Figure	figure	NN
12483	102	2	2	2	CD
12483	102	3	.	.	.
12483	103	1	The	the	DT
12483	103	2	GLIS_1.0	glis_1.0	CD
12483	103	3	framework	framework	NN
12483	103	4	main	main	JJ
12483	103	5	structure	structure	NN
12483	103	6	.	.	.
12483	104	1	In	in	IN
12483	104	2	the	the	DT
12483	104	3	presentation	presentation	NN
12483	104	4	layer	layer	NN
12483	104	5	one	one	PRP
12483	104	6	can	can	MD
12483	104	7	find	find	VB
12483	104	8	the	the	DT
12483	104	9	different	different	JJ
12483	104	10	sources	source	NNS
12483	104	11	of	of	IN
12483	104	12	news	news	NN
12483	104	13	that	that	WDT
12483	104	14	are	be	VBP
12483	104	15	publicly	publicly	RB
12483	104	16	available	available	JJ
12483	104	17	.	.	.
12483	105	1	These	these	DT
12483	105	2	sources	source	NNS
12483	105	3	can	can	MD
12483	105	4	be	be	VB
12483	105	5	accessed	access	VBN
12483	105	6	directly	directly	RB
12483	105	7	using	use	VBG
12483	105	8	their	-PRON-	PRP$
12483	105	9	websites	website	NNS
12483	105	10	or	or	CC
12483	105	11	can	can	MD
12483	105	12	be	be	VB
12483	105	13	searched	search	VBN
12483	105	14	for	for	IN
12483	105	15	via	via	IN
12483	105	16	search	search	NN
12483	105	17	engines	engine	NNS
12483	105	18	.	.	.
12483	106	1	The	the	DT
12483	106	2	news	news	NN
12483	106	3	is	be	VBZ
12483	106	4	received	receive	VBN
12483	106	5	by	by	IN
12483	106	6	fact	fact	NN
12483	106	7	-	-	HYPH
12483	106	8	checking	check	VBG
12483	106	9	organizations	organization	NNS
12483	106	10	which	which	WDT
12483	106	11	classify	classify	VBP
12483	106	12	them	-PRON-	PRP
12483	106	13	manually	manually	RB
12483	106	14	,	,	,
12483	106	15	digital	digital	JJ
12483	106	16	libraries	library	NNS
12483	106	17	which	which	WDT
12483	106	18	archives	archive	VBZ
12483	106	19	and	and	CC
12483	106	20	serves	serve	VBZ
12483	106	21	them	-PRON-	PRP
12483	106	22	,	,	,
12483	106	23	and	and	CC
12483	106	24	automated	automate	VBD
12483	106	25	detection	detection	NN
12483	106	26	systems	system	NNS
12483	106	27	(	(	-LRB-
12483	106	28	ADS	ADS	NNP
12483	106	29	)	)	-RRB-
12483	106	30	which	which	WDT
12483	106	31	classify	classify	VBP
12483	106	32	them	-PRON-	PRP
12483	106	33	automatically	automatically	RB
12483	106	34	.	.	.
12483	107	1	Digital	digital	JJ
12483	107	2	libraries	library	NNS
12483	107	3	work	work	VBP
12483	107	4	together	together	RB
12483	107	5	with	with	IN
12483	107	6	fact	fact	NN
12483	107	7	-	-	HYPH
12483	107	8	checking	check	VBG
12483	107	9	organizations	organization	NNS
12483	107	10	and	and	CC
12483	107	11	ADSs	ads	NNS
12483	107	12	to	to	TO
12483	107	13	present	present	VB
12483	107	14	clean	clean	JJ
12483	107	15	and	and	CC
12483	107	16	valid	valid	JJ
12483	107	17	news	news	NN
12483	107	18	to	to	IN
12483	107	19	the	the	DT
12483	107	20	public	public	NN
12483	107	21	.	.	.
12483	108	1	Moreover	moreover	RB
12483	108	2	,	,	,
12483	108	3	search	search	NN
12483	108	4	engines	engine	NNS
12483	108	5	use	use	VBP
12483	108	6	digital	digital	JJ
12483	108	7	libraries	library	NNS
12483	108	8	systems	system	NNS
12483	108	9	to	to	TO
12483	108	10	label	label	VB
12483	108	11	their	-PRON-	PRP$
12483	108	12	results	result	NNS
12483	108	13	as	as	IN
12483	108	14	fake	fake	JJ
12483	108	15	or	or	CC
12483	108	16	valid	valid	JJ
12483	108	17	.	.	.
12483	109	1	INFORMATION	INFORMATION	NNP
12483	109	2	TECHNOLOGY	technology	NN
12483	109	3	AND	and	CC
12483	109	4	LIBRARIES	library	NNS
12483	109	5	DECEMBER	DECEMBER	NNP
12483	109	6	2020	2020	CD
12483	109	7	AUTOMATED	AUTOMATED	NNP
12483	109	8	FAKE	FAKE	NNP
12483	109	9	NEWS	NEWS	NNP
12483	109	10	DETECTION	detection	VB
12483	109	11	IN	in	IN
12483	109	12	THE	the	DT
12483	109	13	AGE	AGE	NNP
12483	109	14	OF	of	IN
12483	109	15	DIGITAL	DIGITAL	NNP
12483	109	16	LIBRARIES	library	NNS
12483	109	17	|	|	NNP
12483	109	18	MERTOĞLU	MERTOĞLU	NNS
12483	109	19	AND	and	CC
12483	109	20	GENÇ	genç	VBP
12483	109	21	7	7	CD
12483	109	22	Fact	fact	NN
12483	109	23	-	-	HYPH
12483	109	24	checking	check	VBG
12483	109	25	organizations	organization	NNS
12483	109	26	should	should	MD
12483	109	27	also	also	RB
12483	109	28	benefit	benefit	VB
12483	109	29	from	from	IN
12483	109	30	the	the	DT
12483	109	31	output	output	NN
12483	109	32	of	of	IN
12483	109	33	ADSs	ads	NNS
12483	109	34	,	,	,
12483	109	35	as	as	RB
12483	109	36	instead	instead	RB
12483	109	37	of	of	IN
12483	109	38	manually	manually	RB
12483	109	39	checking	check	VBG
12483	109	40	heaps	heap	NNS
12483	109	41	of	of	IN
12483	109	42	news	news	NN
12483	109	43	content	content	NN
12483	109	44	,	,	,
12483	109	45	they	-PRON-	PRP
12483	109	46	could	could	MD
12483	109	47	now	now	RB
12483	109	48	focus	focus	VB
12483	109	49	on	on	IN
12483	109	50	news	news	NN
12483	109	51	labeled	label	VBN
12483	109	52	as	as	IN
12483	109	53	potentially	potentially	RB
12483	109	54	fake	fake	JJ
12483	109	55	by	by	IN
12483	109	56	an	an	DT
12483	109	57	ADS	ADS	NNP
12483	109	58	.	.	.
12483	110	1	Through	through	IN
12483	110	2	GLIS	GLIS	NNP
12483	110	3	,	,	,
12483	110	4	ADSs	ads	NNS
12483	110	5	make	make	VBP
12483	110	6	the	the	DT
12483	110	7	life	life	NN
12483	110	8	of	of	IN
12483	110	9	fact	fact	NN
12483	110	10	-	-	HYPH
12483	110	11	checking	check	VBG
12483	110	12	organizations	organization	NNS
12483	110	13	and	and	CC
12483	110	14	digital	digital	JJ
12483	110	15	libraries	library	NNS
12483	110	16	much	much	RB
12483	110	17	easier	easy	JJR
12483	110	18	,	,	,
12483	110	19	all	all	PDT
12483	110	20	the	the	DT
12483	110	21	while	while	IN
12483	110	22	increasing	increase	VBG
12483	110	23	the	the	DT
12483	110	24	quality	quality	NN
12483	110	25	of	of	IN
12483	110	26	news	news	NN
12483	110	27	served	serve	VBD
12483	110	28	to	to	IN
12483	110	29	the	the	DT
12483	110	30	public	public	NN
12483	110	31	.	.	.
12483	111	1	Considering	consider	VBG
12483	111	2	this	this	DT
12483	111	3	is	be	VBZ
12483	111	4	a	a	DT
12483	111	5	high	high	JJ
12483	111	6	-	-	HYPH
12483	111	7	level	level	NN
12483	111	8	overview	overview	NN
12483	111	9	of	of	IN
12483	111	10	a	a	DT
12483	111	11	structure	structure	NN
12483	111	12	given	give	VBN
12483	111	13	in	in	IN
12483	111	14	figure	figure	NN
12483	111	15	2	2	CD
12483	111	16	,	,	,
12483	111	17	there	there	EX
12483	111	18	may	may	MD
12483	111	19	be	be	VB
12483	111	20	many	many	JJ
12483	111	21	other	other	JJ
12483	111	22	components	component	NNS
12483	111	23	,	,	,
12483	111	24	mechanisms	mechanism	NNS
12483	111	25	,	,	,
12483	111	26	or	or	CC
12483	111	27	layers	layer	NNS
12483	111	28	,	,	,
12483	111	29	but	but	CC
12483	111	30	the	the	DT
12483	111	31	key	key	JJ
12483	111	32	elements	element	NNS
12483	111	33	of	of	IN
12483	111	34	this	this	DT
12483	111	35	structure	structure	NN
12483	111	36	are	be	VBP
12483	111	37	automated	automate	VBN
12483	111	38	detection	detection	NN
12483	111	39	systems	system	NNS
12483	111	40	and	and	CC
12483	111	41	the	the	DT
12483	111	42	digital	digital	JJ
12483	111	43	libraries	library	NNS
12483	111	44	.	.	.
12483	112	1	A	a	DT
12483	112	2	critical	critical	JJ
12483	112	3	approach	approach	NN
12483	112	4	to	to	IN
12483	112	5	this	this	DT
12483	112	6	framework	framework	NN
12483	112	7	can	can	MD
12483	112	8	be	be	VB
12483	112	9	why	why	WRB
12483	112	10	we	-PRON-	PRP
12483	112	11	need	need	VBP
12483	112	12	such	such	PDT
12483	112	13	an	an	DT
12483	112	14	authority	authority	NN
12483	112	15	mechanism	mechanism	NN
12483	112	16	.	.	.
12483	113	1	The	the	DT
12483	113	2	answer	answer	NN
12483	113	3	will	will	MD
12483	113	4	be	be	VB
12483	113	5	quite	quite	RB
12483	113	6	simple	simple	JJ
12483	113	7	,	,	,
12483	113	8	technological	technological	JJ
12483	113	9	progress	progress	NN
12483	113	10	is	be	VBZ
12483	113	11	not	not	RB
12483	113	12	the	the	DT
12483	113	13	only	only	JJ
12483	113	14	solution	solution	NN
12483	113	15	.	.	.
12483	114	1	On	on	IN
12483	114	2	the	the	DT
12483	114	3	contrary	contrary	NN
12483	114	4	,	,	,
12483	114	5	tech	tech	NN
12483	114	6	giants	giant	NNS
12483	114	7	have	have	VBP
12483	114	8	already	already	RB
12483	114	9	been	be	VBN
12483	114	10	subject	subject	JJ
12483	114	11	to	to	IN
12483	114	12	regulatory	regulatory	JJ
12483	114	13	scrutiny	scrutiny	NN
12483	114	14	for	for	IN
12483	114	15	how	how	WRB
12483	114	16	they	-PRON-	PRP
12483	114	17	handle	handle	VBP
12483	114	18	personal	personal	JJ
12483	114	19	information.29	information.29	NNP
12483	114	20	Also	also	RB
12483	114	21	,	,	,
12483	114	22	their	-PRON-	PRP$
12483	114	23	policy	policy	NN
12483	114	24	related	relate	VBN
12483	114	25	to	to	IN
12483	114	26	political	political	JJ
12483	114	27	ads	ad	NNS
12483	114	28	has	have	VBZ
12483	114	29	been	be	VBN
12483	114	30	questioned	question	VBN
12483	114	31	.	.	.
12483	115	1	Furthermore	furthermore	RB
12483	115	2	,	,	,
12483	115	3	they	-PRON-	PRP
12483	115	4	are	be	VBP
12483	115	5	often	often	RB
12483	115	6	blamed	blame	VBN
12483	115	7	for	for	IN
12483	115	8	failing	fail	VBG
12483	115	9	to	to	TO
12483	115	10	fight	fight	VB
12483	115	11	fake	fake	JJ
12483	115	12	news	news	NN
12483	115	13	.	.	.
12483	116	1	Indeed	indeed	RB
12483	116	2	,	,	,
12483	116	3	there	there	EX
12483	116	4	is	be	VBZ
12483	116	5	an	an	DT
12483	116	6	urgent	urgent	JJ
12483	116	7	need	need	NN
12483	116	8	for	for	IN
12483	116	9	a	a	DT
12483	116	10	global	global	JJ
12483	116	11	action	action	NN
12483	116	12	more	more	RBR
12483	116	13	than	than	IN
12483	116	14	ever	ever	RB
12483	116	15	.	.	.
12483	117	1	Digital	digital	JJ
12483	117	2	libraries	library	NNS
12483	117	3	are	be	VBP
12483	117	4	much	much	RB
12483	117	5	more	more	JJR
12483	117	6	than	than	IN
12483	117	7	a	a	DT
12483	117	8	technological	technological	JJ
12483	117	9	advancement	advancement	NN
12483	117	10	.	.	.
12483	118	1	Hence	hence	RB
12483	118	2	,	,	,
12483	118	3	they	-PRON-	PRP
12483	118	4	should	should	MD
12483	118	5	be	be	VB
12483	118	6	considered	consider	VBN
12483	118	7	as	as	IN
12483	118	8	institutions	institution	NNS
12483	118	9	or	or	CC
12483	118	10	services	service	NNS
12483	118	11	which	which	WDT
12483	118	12	can	can	MD
12483	118	13	be	be	VB
12483	118	14	a	a	DT
12483	118	15	great	great	JJ
12483	118	16	authority	authority	NN
12483	118	17	service	service	NN
12483	118	18	to	to	TO
12483	118	19	provide	provide	VB
12483	118	20	news	news	NN
12483	118	21	to	to	IN
12483	118	22	society	society	NN
12483	118	23	since	since	IN
12483	118	24	the	the	DT
12483	118	25	printed	print	VBN
12483	118	26	media	media	NN
12483	118	27	disappears	disappear	VBZ
12483	118	28	day	day	NN
12483	118	29	by	by	IN
12483	118	30	day	day	NN
12483	118	31	.	.	.
12483	119	1	The	the	DT
12483	119	2	threats	threat	NNS
12483	119	3	caused	cause	VBN
12483	119	4	by	by	IN
12483	119	5	fake	fake	JJ
12483	119	6	news	news	NN
12483	119	7	are	be	VBP
12483	119	8	real	real	JJ
12483	119	9	and	and	CC
12483	119	10	dangerous	dangerous	JJ
12483	119	11	,	,	,
12483	119	12	but	but	CC
12483	119	13	only	only	RB
12483	119	14	recently	recently	RB
12483	119	15	have	have	VBP
12483	119	16	researchers	researcher	NNS
12483	119	17	from	from	IN
12483	119	18	different	different	JJ
12483	119	19	disciplines	discipline	NNS
12483	119	20	been	be	VBN
12483	119	21	trying	try	VBG
12483	119	22	to	to	TO
12483	119	23	find	find	VB
12483	119	24	possible	possible	JJ
12483	119	25	solutions	solution	NNS
12483	119	26	such	such	JJ
12483	119	27	as	as	IN
12483	119	28	educational	educational	JJ
12483	119	29	,	,	,
12483	119	30	technological	technological	JJ
12483	119	31	,	,	,
12483	119	32	regulatory	regulatory	JJ
12483	119	33	,	,	,
12483	119	34	or	or	CC
12483	119	35	political	political	JJ
12483	119	36	.	.	.
12483	120	1	Digital	digital	JJ
12483	120	2	librarianship	librarianship	NN
12483	120	3	can	can	MD
12483	120	4	be	be	VB
12483	120	5	the	the	DT
12483	120	6	intersection	intersection	NN
12483	120	7	of	of	IN
12483	120	8	all	all	PDT
12483	120	9	these	these	DT
12483	120	10	solutions	solution	NNS
12483	120	11	for	for	IN
12483	120	12	promoting	promote	VBG
12483	120	13	information	information	NN
12483	120	14	/	/	SYM
12483	120	15	media	medium	NNS
12483	120	16	literacy	literacy	NN
12483	120	17	.	.	.
12483	121	1	Hence	hence	RB
12483	121	2	,	,	,
12483	121	3	digital	digital	JJ
12483	121	4	librarianship	librarianship	NN
12483	121	5	will	will	MD
12483	121	6	make	make	VB
12483	121	7	use	use	NN
12483	121	8	of	of	IN
12483	121	9	many	many	JJ
12483	121	10	automated	automate	VBN
12483	121	11	detection	detection	NN
12483	121	12	systems	system	NNS
12483	121	13	(	(	-LRB-
12483	121	14	ADS	ADS	NNP
12483	121	15	)	)	-RRB-
12483	121	16	to	to	TO
12483	121	17	serve	serve	VB
12483	121	18	qualified	qualified	JJ
12483	121	19	news	news	NN
12483	121	20	.	.	.
12483	122	1	In	in	IN
12483	122	2	the	the	DT
12483	122	3	following	following	JJ
12483	122	4	section	section	NN
12483	122	5	,	,	,
12483	122	6	we	-PRON-	PRP
12483	122	7	discuss	discuss	VBP
12483	122	8	ADS	ADS	NNP
12483	122	9	in	in	IN
12483	122	10	detail	detail	NN
12483	122	11	.	.	.
12483	123	1	Model	Model	NNP
12483	123	2	An	an	DT
12483	123	3	overview	overview	NN
12483	123	4	of	of	IN
12483	123	5	our	-PRON-	PRP$
12483	123	6	model	model	NN
12483	123	7	of	of	IN
12483	123	8	automated	automate	VBN
12483	123	9	detection	detection	NN
12483	123	10	system	system	NN
12483	123	11	solution	solution	NN
12483	123	12	which	which	WDT
12483	123	13	is	be	VBZ
12483	123	14	very	very	RB
12483	123	15	critical	critical	JJ
12483	123	16	for	for	IN
12483	123	17	the	the	DT
12483	123	18	framework	framework	NN
12483	123	19	is	be	VBZ
12483	123	20	shown	show	VBN
12483	123	21	in	in	IN
12483	123	22	figure	figure	NN
12483	123	23	3	3	CD
12483	123	24	.	.	.
12483	124	1	Our	-PRON-	PRP$
12483	124	2	fake	fake	JJ
12483	124	3	news	news	NN
12483	124	4	detection	detection	NN
12483	124	5	model	model	NN
12483	124	6	consists	consist	VBZ
12483	124	7	of	of	IN
12483	124	8	two	two	CD
12483	124	9	phases	phase	NNS
12483	124	10	.	.	.
12483	125	1	First	first	RB
12483	125	2	is	be	VBZ
12483	125	3	the	the	DT
12483	125	4	Language	Language	NNP
12483	125	5	Model	Model	NNP
12483	125	6	/	/	SYM
12483	125	7	Lexicon	Lexicon	NNP
12483	125	8	Generation	Generation	NNP
12483	125	9	and	and	CC
12483	125	10	the	the	DT
12483	125	11	second	second	JJ
12483	125	12	is	be	VBZ
12483	125	13	Machine	Machine	NNP
12483	125	14	Learning	Learning	NNP
12483	125	15	Integration	Integration	NNP
12483	125	16	.	.	.
12483	126	1	In	in	IN
12483	126	2	this	this	DT
12483	126	3	work	work	NN
12483	126	4	,	,	,
12483	126	5	we	-PRON-	PRP
12483	126	6	used	use	VBD
12483	126	7	machine	machine	NN
12483	126	8	learning	learn	VBG
12483	126	9	algorithms	algorithm	NNS
12483	126	10	via	via	IN
12483	126	11	supervised	supervise	VBN
12483	126	12	learning	learning	NN
12483	126	13	techniques	technique	NNS
12483	126	14	which	which	WDT
12483	126	15	learn	learn	VBP
12483	126	16	from	from	IN
12483	126	17	labeled	label	VBN
12483	126	18	news	news	NN
12483	126	19	data	datum	NNS
12483	126	20	(	(	-LRB-
12483	126	21	training	training	NN
12483	126	22	)	)	-RRB-
12483	126	23	and	and	CC
12483	126	24	helps	help	VBZ
12483	126	25	us	-PRON-	PRP
12483	126	26	to	to	TO
12483	126	27	predict	predict	VB
12483	126	28	outcomes	outcome	NNS
12483	126	29	for	for	IN
12483	126	30	unforeseen	unforeseen	JJ
12483	126	31	news	news	NNP
12483	126	32	data	datum	NNS
12483	126	33	(	(	-LRB-
12483	126	34	test	test	NN
12483	126	35	)	)	-RRB-
12483	126	36	.	.	.
12483	127	1	Dataset	dataset	FW
12483	127	2	We	-PRON-	PRP
12483	127	3	collected	collect	VBD
12483	127	4	our	-PRON-	PRP$
12483	127	5	data	datum	NNS
12483	127	6	from	from	IN
12483	127	7	three	three	CD
12483	127	8	sources	source	NNS
12483	127	9	:	:	:
12483	127	10	•	•	VB
12483	127	11	The	the	DT
12483	127	12	primary	primary	JJ
12483	127	13	source	source	NN
12483	127	14	is	be	VBZ
12483	127	15	the	the	DT
12483	127	16	GDELT	GDELT	NNP
12483	127	17	(	(	-LRB-
12483	127	18	Global	Global	NNP
12483	127	19	Database	Database	NNP
12483	127	20	of	of	IN
12483	127	21	Events	Events	NNPS
12483	127	22	,	,	,
12483	127	23	Language	Language	NNP
12483	127	24	and	and	CC
12483	127	25	Tone	Tone	NNP
12483	127	26	)	)	-RRB-
12483	127	27	Project	Project	NNP
12483	127	28	(	(	-LRB-
12483	127	29	https://www.gdeltproject.org/	https://www.gdeltproject.org/	NNP
12483	127	30	)	)	-RRB-
12483	127	31	,	,	,
12483	127	32	a	a	DT
12483	127	33	massive	massive	JJ
12483	127	34	global	global	JJ
12483	127	35	news	news	NN
12483	127	36	media	medium	NNS
12483	127	37	archive	archive	JJ
12483	127	38	offering	offer	VBG
12483	127	39	free	free	JJ
12483	127	40	access	access	NN
12483	127	41	to	to	IN
12483	127	42	news	news	NN
12483	127	43	text	text	NN
12483	127	44	metadata	metadata	NN
12483	127	45	for	for	IN
12483	127	46	researchers	researcher	NNS
12483	127	47	worldwide	worldwide	RB
12483	127	48	.	.	.
12483	128	1	It	-PRON-	PRP
12483	128	2	can	can	MD
12483	128	3	almost	almost	RB
12483	128	4	be	be	VB
12483	128	5	considered	consider	VBN
12483	128	6	a	a	DT
12483	128	7	digital	digital	JJ
12483	128	8	library	library	NN
12483	128	9	of	of	IN
12483	128	10	news	news	NN
12483	128	11	in	in	IN
12483	128	12	its	-PRON-	PRP$
12483	128	13	own	own	JJ
12483	128	14	right	right	NN
12483	128	15	.	.	.
12483	129	1	However	however	RB
12483	129	2	,	,	,
12483	129	3	GDELT	GDELT	NNP
12483	129	4	does	do	VBZ
12483	129	5	not	not	RB
12483	129	6	provide	provide	VB
12483	129	7	the	the	DT
12483	129	8	actual	actual	JJ
12483	129	9	news	news	NN
12483	129	10	text	text	NN
12483	129	11	and	and	CC
12483	129	12	only	only	RB
12483	129	13	serves	serve	VBZ
12483	129	14	processed	process	VBN
12483	129	15	metadata	metadata	NN
12483	129	16	along	along	IN
12483	129	17	with	with	IN
12483	129	18	the	the	DT
12483	129	19	URL	url	NN
12483	129	20	of	of	IN
12483	129	21	the	the	DT
12483	129	22	news	news	NN
12483	129	23	item	item	NN
12483	129	24	.	.	.
12483	130	1	GDELT	GDELT	NNP
12483	130	2	normally	normally	RB
12483	130	3	does	do	VBZ
12483	130	4	not	not	RB
12483	130	5	check	check	VB
12483	130	6	for	for	IN
12483	130	7	the	the	DT
12483	130	8	validity	validity	NN
12483	130	9	of	of	IN
12483	130	10	any	any	DT
12483	130	11	news	news	NN
12483	130	12	items	item	NNS
12483	130	13	.	.	.
12483	131	1	However	however	RB
12483	131	2	,	,	,
12483	131	3	we	-PRON-	PRP
12483	131	4	have	have	VBP
12483	131	5	only	only	RB
12483	131	6	used	use	VBN
12483	131	7	news	news	NN
12483	131	8	from	from	IN
12483	131	9	approved	approve	VBN
12483	131	10	news	news	NN
12483	131	11	agencies	agency	NNS
12483	131	12	and	and	CC
12483	131	13	completely	completely	RB
12483	131	14	ignored	ignore	VBN
12483	131	15	news	news	NN
12483	131	16	from	from	IN
12483	131	17	local	local	JJ
12483	131	18	and	and	CC
12483	131	19	lesser	less	JJR
12483	131	20	-	-	HYPH
12483	131	21	known	know	VBN
12483	131	22	sources	source	NNS
12483	131	23	to	to	TO
12483	131	24	maximize	maximize	VB
12483	131	25	the	the	DT
12483	131	26	validity	validity	NN
12483	131	27	of	of	IN
12483	131	28	the	the	DT
12483	131	29	news	news	NN
12483	131	30	we	-PRON-	PRP
12483	131	31	have	have	VBP
12483	131	32	automatically	automatically	RB
12483	131	33	obtained	obtain	VBN
12483	131	34	through	through	IN
12483	131	35	GDELT	GDELT	NNP
12483	131	36	.	.	.
12483	132	1	Moreover	moreover	RB
12483	132	2	,	,	,
12483	132	3	we	-PRON-	PRP
12483	132	4	have	have	VBP
12483	132	5	post	post	VBN
12483	132	6	-	-	VBN
12483	132	7	processed	process	VBN
12483	132	8	the	the	DT
12483	132	9	obtained	obtain	VBN
12483	132	10	texts	text	NNS
12483	132	11	by	by	IN
12483	132	12	cross	cross	JJ
12483	132	13	-	-	JJ
12483	132	14	validating	validate	VBG
12483	132	15	with	with	IN
12483	132	16	teyit.org	teyit.org	CD
12483	132	17	data	datum	NNS
12483	132	18	to	to	TO
12483	132	19	clean	clean	VB
12483	132	20	any	any	DT
12483	132	21	potential	potential	JJ
12483	132	22	fake	fake	JJ
12483	132	23	news	news	NN
12483	132	24	obtained	obtain	VBN
12483	132	25	through	through	IN
12483	132	26	GDELT	GDELT	NNP
12483	132	27	links	link	NNS
12483	132	28	.	.	.
12483	133	1	https://www.gdeltproject.org/	https://www.gdeltproject.org/	NNP
12483	133	2	INFORMATION	INFORMATION	NNP
12483	133	3	TECHNOLOGY	TECHNOLOGY	NNP
12483	133	4	AND	and	CC
12483	133	5	LIBRARIES	library	NNS
12483	133	6	DECEMBER	DECEMBER	NNP
12483	133	7	2020	2020	CD
12483	133	8	AUTOMATED	AUTOMATED	NNP
12483	133	9	FAKE	FAKE	NNP
12483	133	10	NEWS	NEWS	NNP
12483	133	11	DETECTION	detection	VB
12483	133	12	IN	in	IN
12483	133	13	THE	the	DT
12483	133	14	AGE	AGE	NNP
12483	133	15	OF	of	IN
12483	133	16	DIGITAL	DIGITAL	NNP
12483	133	17	LIBRARIES	library	NNS
12483	133	18	|	|	NNP
12483	133	19	MERTOĞLU	MERTOĞLU	NNS
12483	133	20	AND	and	CC
12483	133	21	GENÇ	genç	NN
12483	133	22	8	8	CD
12483	133	23	Figure	figure	NN
12483	133	24	3	3	CD
12483	133	25	.	.	.
12483	134	1	Integrated	integrate	VBN
12483	134	2	fake	fake	JJ
12483	134	3	news	news	NN
12483	134	4	detection	detection	NN
12483	134	5	model	model	NN
12483	134	6	with	with	IN
12483	134	7	main	main	JJ
12483	134	8	phases	phase	NNS
12483	134	9	combining	combine	VBG
12483	134	10	language	language	NN
12483	134	11	-	-	HYPH
12483	134	12	model	model	NN
12483	134	13	based	base	VBN
12483	134	14	approach	approach	NN
12483	134	15	with	with	IN
12483	134	16	machine	machine	NN
12483	134	17	learning	learning	NN
12483	134	18	approach	approach	NN
12483	134	19	.	.	.
12483	135	1	•	•	VB
12483	135	2	The	the	DT
12483	135	3	second	second	JJ
12483	135	4	source	source	NN
12483	135	5	is	be	VBZ
12483	135	6	teyit.org	teyit.org	ADD
12483	135	7	which	which	WDT
12483	135	8	is	be	VBZ
12483	135	9	a	a	DT
12483	135	10	fact	fact	NN
12483	135	11	-	-	HYPH
12483	135	12	checking	check	VBG
12483	135	13	organization	organization	NN
12483	135	14	based	base	VBN
12483	135	15	in	in	IN
12483	135	16	Turkey	Turkey	NNP
12483	135	17	,	,	,
12483	135	18	compliant	compliant	JJ
12483	135	19	to	to	IN
12483	135	20	the	the	DT
12483	135	21	principles	principle	NNS
12483	135	22	of	of	IN
12483	135	23	IFCN	IFCN	NNP
12483	135	24	(	(	-LRB-
12483	135	25	International	International	NNP
12483	135	26	Fact	Fact	NNP
12483	135	27	-	-	HYPH
12483	135	28	Checking	Checking	NNP
12483	135	29	Network	Network	NNP
12483	135	30	)	)	-RRB-
12483	135	31	aiming	aim	VBG
12483	135	32	to	to	TO
12483	135	33	prevent	prevent	VB
12483	135	34	spreading	spreading	NN
12483	135	35	of	of	IN
12483	135	36	false	false	JJ
12483	135	37	information	information	NN
12483	135	38	through	through	IN
12483	135	39	online	online	JJ
12483	135	40	channels	channel	NNS
12483	135	41	.	.	.
12483	136	1	Manually	manually	RB
12483	136	2	analyzing	analyze	VBG
12483	136	3	each	each	DT
12483	136	4	INFORMATION	INFORMATION	NNP
12483	136	5	TECHNOLOGY	technology	NN
12483	136	6	AND	and	CC
12483	136	7	LIBRARIES	library	NNS
12483	136	8	DECEMBER	DECEMBER	NNP
12483	136	9	2020	2020	CD
12483	136	10	AUTOMATED	AUTOMATED	NNP
12483	136	11	FAKE	FAKE	NNP
12483	136	12	NEWS	NEWS	NNP
12483	136	13	DETECTION	detection	VB
12483	136	14	IN	in	IN
12483	136	15	THE	the	DT
12483	136	16	AGE	AGE	NNP
12483	136	17	OF	of	IN
12483	136	18	DIGITAL	DIGITAL	NNP
12483	136	19	LIBRARIES	library	NNS
12483	136	20	|	|	NNP
12483	136	21	MERTOĞLU	MERTOĞLU	NNS
12483	136	22	AND	and	CC
12483	136	23	GENÇ	genç	VBP
12483	136	24	9	9	CD
12483	136	25	news	news	NN
12483	136	26	item	item	NN
12483	136	27	,	,	,
12483	136	28	they	-PRON-	PRP
12483	136	29	tag	tag	VBP
12483	136	30	them	-PRON-	PRP
12483	136	31	as	as	IN
12483	136	32	fake	fake	JJ
12483	136	33	,	,	,
12483	136	34	true	true	JJ
12483	136	35	,	,	,
12483	136	36	or	or	CC
12483	136	37	uncertain	uncertain	JJ
12483	136	38	.	.	.
12483	137	1	We	-PRON-	PRP
12483	137	2	used	use	VBD
12483	137	3	their	-PRON-	PRP$
12483	137	4	results	result	NNS
12483	137	5	to	to	TO
12483	137	6	automatically	automatically	RB
12483	137	7	download	download	VB
12483	137	8	and	and	CC
12483	137	9	label	label	VB
12483	137	10	each	each	DT
12483	137	11	news	news	NN
12483	137	12	text	text	NN
12483	137	13	.	.	.
12483	138	1	•	•	NNP
12483	138	2	Lastly	lastly	RB
12483	138	3	,	,	,
12483	138	4	our	-PRON-	PRP$
12483	138	5	team	team	NN
12483	138	6	collected	collect	VBD
12483	138	7	manually	manually	RB
12483	138	8	curated	curate	VBN
12483	138	9	and	and	CC
12483	138	10	verified	verify	VBN
12483	138	11	fake	fake	JJ
12483	138	12	and	and	CC
12483	138	13	valid	valid	JJ
12483	138	14	news	news	NN
12483	138	15	obtained	obtain	VBN
12483	138	16	from	from	IN
12483	138	17	various	various	JJ
12483	138	18	online	online	JJ
12483	138	19	sources	source	NNS
12483	138	20	and	and	CC
12483	138	21	named	name	VBD
12483	138	22	it	-PRON-	PRP
12483	138	23	as	as	IN
12483	138	24	MVN	MVN	NNP
12483	138	25	(	(	-LRB-
12483	138	26	Manually	Manually	NNP
12483	138	27	Verified	Verified	NNP
12483	138	28	News	News	NNP
12483	138	29	)	)	-RRB-
12483	138	30	.	.	.
12483	139	1	This	this	DT
12483	139	2	set	set	NN
12483	139	3	includes	include	VBZ
12483	139	4	fake	fake	JJ
12483	139	5	and	and	CC
12483	139	6	valid	valid	JJ
12483	139	7	news	news	NN
12483	139	8	that	that	WDT
12483	139	9	we	-PRON-	PRP
12483	139	10	have	have	VBP
12483	139	11	manually	manually	RB
12483	139	12	accumulated	accumulate	VBN
12483	139	13	in	in	IN
12483	139	14	time	time	NN
12483	139	15	during	during	IN
12483	139	16	our	-PRON-	PRP$
12483	139	17	studies	study	NNS
12483	139	18	and	and	CC
12483	139	19	that	that	WDT
12483	139	20	were	be	VBD
12483	139	21	not	not	RB
12483	139	22	overlapping	overlap	VBG
12483	139	23	with	with	IN
12483	139	24	the	the	DT
12483	139	25	news	news	NN
12483	139	26	obtained	obtain	VBN
12483	139	27	from	from	IN
12483	139	28	GDELT	GDELT	NNP
12483	139	29	and	and	CC
12483	139	30	teyit.org	teyit.org	NNP
12483	139	31	sources	source	NNS
12483	139	32	.	.	.
12483	140	1	We	-PRON-	PRP
12483	140	2	named	name	VBD
12483	140	3	our	-PRON-	PRP$
12483	140	4	dataset	dataset	JJ
12483	140	5	TRFN	TRFN	NNP
12483	140	6	.	.	.
12483	141	1	In	in	IN
12483	141	2	Phase	Phase	NNP
12483	141	3	2	2	CD
12483	141	4	,	,	,
12483	141	5	the	the	DT
12483	141	6	data	data	NN
12483	141	7	is	be	VBZ
12483	141	8	very	very	RB
12483	141	9	similar	similar	JJ
12483	141	10	to	to	IN
12483	141	11	the	the	DT
12483	141	12	one	one	NN
12483	141	13	we	-PRON-	PRP
12483	141	14	used	use	VBD
12483	141	15	in	in	IN
12483	141	16	Phase	Phase	NNP
12483	141	17	1	1	CD
12483	141	18	.	.	.
12483	142	1	However	however	RB
12483	142	2	,	,	,
12483	142	3	to	to	TO
12483	142	4	see	see	VB
12483	142	5	the	the	DT
12483	142	6	effectiveness	effectiveness	NN
12483	142	7	of	of	IN
12483	142	8	model	model	NN
12483	142	9	,	,	,
12483	142	10	we	-PRON-	PRP
12483	142	11	made	make	VBD
12483	142	12	modifications	modification	NNS
12483	142	13	to	to	TO
12483	142	14	exclude	exclude	VB
12483	142	15	old	old	JJ
12483	142	16	news	news	NN
12483	142	17	before	before	IN
12483	142	18	2017	2017	CD
12483	142	19	and	and	CC
12483	142	20	added	add	VBD
12483	142	21	new	new	JJ
12483	142	22	items	item	NNS
12483	142	23	from	from	IN
12483	142	24	2019	2019	CD
12483	142	25	.	.	.
12483	143	1	The	the	DT
12483	143	2	news	news	NN
12483	143	3	in	in	IN
12483	143	4	our	-PRON-	PRP$
12483	143	5	dataset	dataset	NN
12483	143	6	span	span	VBP
12483	143	7	a	a	DT
12483	143	8	time	time	NN
12483	143	9	frame	frame	NN
12483	143	10	between	between	IN
12483	143	11	2017	2017	CD
12483	143	12	–	–	:
12483	143	13	2019	2019	CD
12483	143	14	and	and	CC
12483	143	15	are	be	VBP
12483	143	16	uniformly	uniformly	RB
12483	143	17	distributed	distribute	VBN
12483	143	18	.	.	.
12483	144	1	Table	table	NN
12483	144	2	1	1	CD
12483	144	3	outlines	outline	VBZ
12483	144	4	the	the	DT
12483	144	5	dataset	dataset	JJ
12483	144	6	statistics	statistic	NNS
12483	144	7	,	,	,
12483	144	8	namely	namely	RB
12483	144	9	where	where	WRB
12483	144	10	the	the	DT
12483	144	11	news	news	NN
12483	144	12	text	text	NN
12483	144	13	comes	come	VBZ
12483	144	14	from	from	IN
12483	144	15	,	,	,
12483	144	16	its	-PRON-	PRP$
12483	144	17	class	class	NN
12483	144	18	(	(	-LRB-
12483	144	19	fake	fake	JJ
12483	144	20	or	or	CC
12483	144	21	valid	valid	JJ
12483	144	22	)	)	-RRB-
12483	144	23	,	,	,
12483	144	24	the	the	DT
12483	144	25	amount	amount	NN
12483	144	26	of	of	IN
12483	144	27	distinct	distinct	JJ
12483	144	28	texts	text	NNS
12483	144	29	and	and	CC
12483	144	30	the	the	DT
12483	144	31	corresponding	corresponding	JJ
12483	144	32	data	datum	NNS
12483	144	33	collection	collection	NN
12483	144	34	method	method	NN
12483	144	35	.	.	.
12483	145	1	It	-PRON-	PRP
12483	145	2	can	can	MD
12483	145	3	be	be	VB
12483	145	4	seen	see	VBN
12483	145	5	from	from	IN
12483	145	6	the	the	DT
12483	145	7	table	table	NN
12483	145	8	that	that	IN
12483	145	9	most	most	JJS
12483	145	10	of	of	IN
12483	145	11	our	-PRON-	PRP$
12483	145	12	valid	valid	JJ
12483	145	13	news	news	NN
12483	145	14	come	come	VBP
12483	145	15	from	from	IN
12483	145	16	the	the	DT
12483	145	17	GDELT	GDELT	NNP
12483	145	18	source	source	NN
12483	145	19	,	,	,
12483	145	20	whereas	whereas	IN
12483	145	21	teyit.org	teyit.org	NNP
12483	145	22	,	,	,
12483	145	23	a	a	DT
12483	145	24	fact	fact	NN
12483	145	25	-	-	HYPH
12483	145	26	checking	check	VBG
12483	145	27	organization	organization	NN
12483	145	28	,	,	,
12483	145	29	contributes	contribute	VBZ
12483	145	30	only	only	RB
12483	145	31	fake	fake	JJ
12483	145	32	news	news	NN
12483	145	33	.	.	.
12483	146	1	Table	table	NN
12483	146	2	1	1	CD
12483	146	3	.	.	.
12483	147	1	TRFN	TRFN	NNP
12483	147	2	Dataset	Dataset	NNP
12483	147	3	Summary	Summary	NNP
12483	147	4	after	after	IN
12483	147	5	cleaning	clean	VBG
12483	147	6	and	and	CC
12483	147	7	duplicate	duplicate	VBP
12483	147	8	removal	removal	NN
12483	147	9	.	.	.
12483	148	1	Dataset	Dataset	NNP
12483	148	2	Class	Class	NNP
12483	148	3	Size	Size	NNP
12483	148	4	of	of	IN
12483	148	5	Processed	Processed	NNP
12483	148	6	Data	Data	NNP
12483	148	7	Collection	Collection	NNP
12483	148	8	Method	Method	NNP
12483	148	9	GDELT	GDELT	NNP
12483	148	10	NON	NON	NNP
12483	148	11	-	-	JJ
12483	148	12	FAKE	fake	JJ
12483	148	13	82708	82708	CD
12483	148	14	Automated	Automated	NNP
12483	148	15	Teyit.org	Teyit.org	NNP
12483	148	16	FAKE	FAKE	NNP
12483	148	17	1026	1026	CD
12483	148	18	MVN	MVN	NNP
12483	148	19	NON	NON	NNP
12483	148	20	-	-	JJ
12483	148	21	FAKE	fake	JJ
12483	148	22	1049	1049	CD
12483	148	23	Manual	Manual	NNP
12483	148	24	FAKE	fake	NN
12483	148	25	400	400	CD
12483	148	26	All	all	DT
12483	148	27	news	news	NN
12483	148	28	items	item	NNS
12483	148	29	were	be	VBD
12483	148	30	processed	process	VBN
12483	148	31	through	through	IN
12483	148	32	Zemberek	Zemberek	NNP
12483	148	33	(	(	-LRB-
12483	148	34	http://code.google.com/p/zemberek	http://code.google.com/p/zemberek	NNP
12483	148	35	)	)	-RRB-
12483	148	36	,	,	,
12483	148	37	the	the	DT
12483	148	38	Turkish	Turkish	NNP
12483	148	39	NLP	NLP	NNP
12483	148	40	engine	engine	NN
12483	148	41	for	for	IN
12483	148	42	extracting	extract	VBG
12483	148	43	different	different	JJ
12483	148	44	morphological	morphological	JJ
12483	148	45	properties	property	NNS
12483	148	46	of	of	IN
12483	148	47	words	word	NNS
12483	148	48	within	within	IN
12483	148	49	texts	text	NNS
12483	148	50	.	.	.
12483	149	1	After	after	IN
12483	149	2	this	this	DT
12483	149	3	processing	processing	NN
12483	149	4	phase	phase	NN
12483	149	5	,	,	,
12483	149	6	all	all	DT
12483	149	7	obtained	obtain	VBN
12483	149	8	features	feature	NNS
12483	149	9	were	be	VBD
12483	149	10	converted	convert	VBN
12483	149	11	into	into	IN
12483	149	12	tabular	tabular	JJ
12483	149	13	format	format	NN
12483	149	14	and	and	CC
12483	149	15	made	make	VBN
12483	149	16	available	available	JJ
12483	149	17	for	for	IN
12483	149	18	future	future	JJ
12483	149	19	studies	study	NNS
12483	149	20	.	.	.
12483	150	1	This	this	DT
12483	150	2	dataset	dataset	NN
12483	150	3	is	be	VBZ
12483	150	4	now	now	RB
12483	150	5	available	available	JJ
12483	150	6	for	for	IN
12483	150	7	scholarly	scholarly	JJ
12483	150	8	studies	study	NNS
12483	150	9	upon	upon	IN
12483	150	10	request	request	NN
12483	150	11	.	.	.
12483	151	1	In	in	IN
12483	151	2	a	a	DT
12483	151	3	study	study	NN
12483	151	4	of	of	IN
12483	151	5	this	this	DT
12483	151	6	nature	nature	NN
12483	151	7	,	,	,
12483	151	8	the	the	DT
12483	151	9	verifiability	verifiability	NN
12483	151	10	of	of	IN
12483	151	11	the	the	DT
12483	151	12	data	datum	NNS
12483	151	13	used	use	VBN
12483	151	14	is	be	VBZ
12483	151	15	important	important	JJ
12483	151	16	.	.	.
12483	152	1	As	as	IN
12483	152	2	we	-PRON-	PRP
12483	152	3	have	have	VBP
12483	152	4	already	already	RB
12483	152	5	mentioned	mention	VBN
12483	152	6	,	,	,
12483	152	7	most	most	JJS
12483	152	8	of	of	IN
12483	152	9	the	the	DT
12483	152	10	data	datum	NNS
12483	152	11	we	-PRON-	PRP
12483	152	12	used	use	VBD
12483	152	13	comes	come	VBZ
12483	152	14	from	from	IN
12483	152	15	verified	verified	JJ
12483	152	16	sources	source	NNS
12483	152	17	such	such	JJ
12483	152	18	as	as	IN
12483	152	19	mainstream	mainstream	JJ
12483	152	20	news	news	NN
12483	152	21	agencies	agency	NNS
12483	152	22	accessed	access	VBN
12483	152	23	through	through	IN
12483	152	24	GDELT	GDELT	NNP
12483	152	25	and	and	CC
12483	152	26	teyit.org	teyit.org	CD
12483	152	27	archives	archive	NNS
12483	152	28	which	which	WDT
12483	152	29	are	be	VBP
12483	152	30	verified	verify	VBN
12483	152	31	by	by	IN
12483	152	32	teyit.org	teyit.org	NN
12483	152	33	staff	staff	NN
12483	152	34	.	.	.
12483	153	1	All	all	DT
12483	153	2	data	datum	NNS
12483	153	3	used	use	VBN
12483	153	4	in	in	IN
12483	153	5	training	train	VBG
12483	153	6	the	the	DT
12483	153	7	mathematical	mathematical	JJ
12483	153	8	models	model	NNS
12483	153	9	which	which	WDT
12483	153	10	are	be	VBP
12483	153	11	to	to	TO
12483	153	12	be	be	VB
12483	153	13	explained	explain	VBN
12483	153	14	in	in	IN
12483	153	15	the	the	DT
12483	153	16	rest	rest	NN
12483	153	17	of	of	IN
12483	153	18	the	the	DT
12483	153	19	paper	paper	NN
12483	153	20	are	be	VBP
12483	153	21	either	either	RB
12483	153	22	directly	directly	RB
12483	153	23	or	or	CC
12483	153	24	indirectly	indirectly	RB
12483	153	25	verified	verify	VBD
12483	153	26	.	.	.
12483	154	1	Another	another	DT
12483	154	2	important	important	JJ
12483	154	3	issue	issue	NN
12483	154	4	was	be	VBD
12483	154	5	generalizability	generalizability	NN
12483	154	6	of	of	IN
12483	154	7	the	the	DT
12483	154	8	dataset	dataset	NN
12483	154	9	,	,	,
12483	154	10	which	which	WDT
12483	154	11	determines	determine	VBZ
12483	154	12	whether	whether	IN
12483	154	13	the	the	DT
12483	154	14	results	result	NNS
12483	154	15	of	of	IN
12483	154	16	the	the	DT
12483	154	17	study	study	NN
12483	154	18	are	be	VBP
12483	154	19	only	only	RB
12483	154	20	applicable	applicable	JJ
12483	154	21	to	to	IN
12483	154	22	specific	specific	JJ
12483	154	23	domains	domain	NNS
12483	154	24	or	or	CC
12483	154	25	to	to	IN
12483	154	26	all	all	DT
12483	154	27	available	available	JJ
12483	154	28	domains	domain	NNS
12483	154	29	.	.	.
12483	155	1	Although	although	IN
12483	155	2	focusing	focus	VBG
12483	155	3	on	on	IN
12483	155	4	a	a	DT
12483	155	5	specific	specific	JJ
12483	155	6	news	news	NN
12483	155	7	domain	domain	NN
12483	155	8	would	would	MD
12483	155	9	clearly	clearly	RB
12483	155	10	improve	improve	VB
12483	155	11	our	-PRON-	PRP$
12483	155	12	accuracies	accuracy	NNS
12483	155	13	,	,	,
12483	155	14	we	-PRON-	PRP
12483	155	15	preferred	prefer	VBD
12483	155	16	to	to	TO
12483	155	17	work	work	VB
12483	155	18	in	in	IN
12483	155	19	the	the	DT
12483	155	20	general	general	JJ
12483	155	21	domain	domain	NN
12483	155	22	and	and	CC
12483	155	23	included	include	VBD
12483	155	24	news	news	NN
12483	155	25	from	from	IN
12483	155	26	all	all	DT
12483	155	27	specific	specific	JJ
12483	155	28	domains	domain	NNS
12483	155	29	.	.	.
12483	156	1	The	the	DT
12483	156	2	distribution	distribution	NN
12483	156	3	of	of	IN
12483	156	4	domains	domain	NNS
12483	156	5	in	in	IN
12483	156	6	our	-PRON-	PRP$
12483	156	7	dataset	dataset	NN
12483	156	8	is	be	VBZ
12483	156	9	visualized	visualize	VBN
12483	156	10	in	in	IN
12483	156	11	figure	figure	NN
12483	156	12	4	4	CD
12483	156	13	.	.	.
12483	157	1	This	this	DT
12483	157	2	distribution	distribution	NN
12483	157	3	closely	closely	RB
12483	157	4	matches	match	VBZ
12483	157	5	the	the	DT
12483	157	6	distribution	distribution	NN
12483	157	7	one	one	CD
12483	157	8	would	would	MD
12483	157	9	experience	experience	VB
12483	157	10	reading	read	VBG
12483	157	11	daily	daily	JJ
12483	157	12	news	news	NN
12483	157	13	in	in	IN
12483	157	14	Turkey	Turkey	NNP
12483	157	15	.	.	.
12483	158	1	Hence	hence	RB
12483	158	2	,	,	,
12483	158	3	we	-PRON-	PRP
12483	158	4	have	have	VBP
12483	158	5	no	no	DT
12483	158	6	domain	domain	NN
12483	158	7	specific	specific	JJ
12483	158	8	bias	bias	NN
12483	158	9	in	in	IN
12483	158	10	our	-PRON-	PRP$
12483	158	11	training	training	NN
12483	158	12	dataset	dataset	NN
12483	158	13	.	.	.
12483	159	1	http://code.google.com/p/zemberek	http://code.google.com/p/zemberek	ADD
12483	159	2	INFORMATION	INFORMATION	NNP
12483	159	3	TECHNOLOGY	technology	NN
12483	159	4	AND	and	CC
12483	159	5	LIBRARIES	library	NNS
12483	159	6	DECEMBER	DECEMBER	NNP
12483	159	7	2020	2020	CD
12483	159	8	AUTOMATED	AUTOMATED	NNP
12483	159	9	FAKE	FAKE	NNP
12483	159	10	NEWS	NEWS	NNP
12483	159	11	DETECTION	detection	VB
12483	159	12	IN	in	IN
12483	159	13	THE	the	DT
12483	159	14	AGE	AGE	NNP
12483	159	15	OF	of	IN
12483	159	16	DIGITAL	DIGITAL	NNP
12483	159	17	LIBRARIES	library	NNS
12483	159	18	|	|	NNP
12483	159	19	MERTOĞLU	MERTOĞLU	NNS
12483	159	20	AND	and	CC
12483	159	21	GENÇ	genç	VBP
12483	159	22	10	10	CD
12483	159	23	Figure	figure	NN
12483	159	24	4	4	CD
12483	159	25	.	.	.
12483	160	1	The	the	DT
12483	160	2	distribution	distribution	NN
12483	160	3	of	of	IN
12483	160	4	domains	domain	NNS
12483	160	5	in	in	IN
12483	160	6	the	the	DT
12483	160	7	dataset	dataset	NN
12483	160	8	.	.	.
12483	161	1	(	(	-LRB-
12483	161	2	SciTechEnvWetNatLife	scitechenvwetnatlife	NN
12483	161	3	=	=	SYM
12483	161	4	Science	Science	NNP
12483	161	5	,	,	,
12483	161	6	Technology	Technology	NNP
12483	161	7	,	,	,
12483	161	8	Environment	Environment	NNP
12483	161	9	,	,	,
12483	161	10	Weather	Weather	NNP
12483	161	11	,	,	,
12483	161	12	Nature	Nature	NNP
12483	161	13	,	,	,
12483	161	14	Life	life	NN
12483	161	15	.	.	.
12483	162	1	EduCultureArtTourism	educulturearttourism	NN
12483	162	2	=	=	SYM
12483	162	3	Education	Education	NNP
12483	162	4	,	,	,
12483	162	5	Culture	Culture	NNP
12483	162	6	,	,	,
12483	162	7	Art	Art	NNP
12483	162	8	,	,	,
12483	162	9	Tourism	Tourism	NNP
12483	162	10	.	.	.
12483	162	11	)	)	-RRB-
12483	163	1	Moreover	moreover	RB
12483	163	2	,	,	,
12483	163	3	we	-PRON-	PRP
12483	163	4	obtained	obtain	VBD
12483	163	5	highly	highly	RB
12483	163	6	correlated	correlate	VBN
12483	163	7	evidence	evidence	NN
12483	163	8	showing	show	VBG
12483	163	9	syntactic	syntactic	JJ
12483	163	10	similarities	similarity	NNS
12483	163	11	with	with	IN
12483	163	12	the	the	DT
12483	163	13	other	other	JJ
12483	163	14	NLP	NLP	NNP
12483	163	15	studies	study	NNS
12483	163	16	in	in	IN
12483	163	17	Turkish	Turkish	NNP
12483	163	18	during	during	IN
12483	163	19	the	the	DT
12483	163	20	exploratory	exploratory	JJ
12483	163	21	data	data	NN
12483	163	22	analysis	analysis	NN
12483	163	23	.	.	.
12483	164	1	For	for	IN
12483	164	2	example	example	NN
12483	164	3	,	,	,
12483	164	4	the	the	DT
12483	164	5	results	result	NNS
12483	164	6	of	of	IN
12483	164	7	a	a	DT
12483	164	8	study	study	NN
12483	164	9	by	by	IN
12483	164	10	Zemberek	Zemberek	NNP
12483	164	11	developers	developer	NNS
12483	164	12	(	(	-LRB-
12483	164	13	http://zembereknlp.blogspot.com/2006/11/kelime-istatistikleri.html	http://zembereknlp.blogspot.com/2006/11/kelime-istatistikleri.html	NN
12483	164	14	)	)	-RRB-
12483	164	15	to	to	TO
12483	164	16	find	find	VB
12483	164	17	the	the	DT
12483	164	18	most	most	RBS
12483	164	19	common	common	JJ
12483	164	20	words	word	NNS
12483	164	21	in	in	IN
12483	164	22	Turkish	turkish	JJ
12483	164	23	experimented	experiment	VBD
12483	164	24	with	with	IN
12483	164	25	over	over	IN
12483	164	26	five	five	CD
12483	164	27	million	million	CD
12483	164	28	words	word	NNS
12483	164	29	is	be	VBZ
12483	164	30	compatible	compatible	JJ
12483	164	31	with	with	IN
12483	164	32	most	most	JJS
12483	164	33	common	common	JJ
12483	164	34	words	word	NNS
12483	164	35	in	in	IN
12483	164	36	our	-PRON-	PRP$
12483	164	37	corpus	corpus	NN
12483	164	38	.	.	.
12483	165	1	This	this	DT
12483	165	2	evidence	evidence	NN
12483	165	3	can	can	MD
12483	165	4	be	be	VB
12483	165	5	attributed	attribute	VBN
12483	165	6	to	to	IN
12483	165	7	representability	representability	NN
12483	165	8	of	of	IN
12483	165	9	our	-PRON-	PRP$
12483	165	10	dataset	dataset	NN
12483	165	11	.	.	.
12483	166	1	The	the	DT
12483	166	2	last	last	JJ
12483	166	3	issue	issue	NN
12483	166	4	worth	worth	JJ
12483	166	5	discussing	discuss	VBG
12483	166	6	is	be	VBZ
12483	166	7	the	the	DT
12483	166	8	imbalanced	imbalanced	JJ
12483	166	9	nature	nature	NN
12483	166	10	of	of	IN
12483	166	11	the	the	DT
12483	166	12	dataset	dataset	NN
12483	166	13	.	.	.
12483	167	1	An	an	DT
12483	167	2	imbalanced	imbalanced	JJ
12483	167	3	dataset	dataset	NN
12483	167	4	occurs	occur	VBZ
12483	167	5	in	in	IN
12483	167	6	a	a	DT
12483	167	7	binary	binary	JJ
12483	167	8	classification	classification	NN
12483	167	9	study	study	NN
12483	167	10	when	when	WRB
12483	167	11	the	the	DT
12483	167	12	frequency	frequency	NN
12483	167	13	of	of	IN
12483	167	14	one	one	CD
12483	167	15	of	of	IN
12483	167	16	the	the	DT
12483	167	17	classes	class	NNS
12483	167	18	dominates	dominate	VBZ
12483	167	19	the	the	DT
12483	167	20	frequency	frequency	NN
12483	167	21	of	of	IN
12483	167	22	the	the	DT
12483	167	23	other	other	JJ
12483	167	24	class	class	NN
12483	167	25	in	in	IN
12483	167	26	the	the	DT
12483	167	27	dataset	dataset	NN
12483	167	28	.	.	.
12483	168	1	In	in	IN
12483	168	2	our	-PRON-	PRP$
12483	168	3	dataset	dataset	NN
12483	168	4	,	,	,
12483	168	5	the	the	DT
12483	168	6	amount	amount	NN
12483	168	7	of	of	IN
12483	168	8	fake	fake	JJ
12483	168	9	news	news	NN
12483	168	10	is	be	VBZ
12483	168	11	highly	highly	RB
12483	168	12	surpassed	surpass	VBN
12483	168	13	by	by	IN
12483	168	14	the	the	DT
12483	168	15	amount	amount	NN
12483	168	16	of	of	IN
12483	168	17	valid	valid	JJ
12483	168	18	news	news	NN
12483	168	19	.	.	.
12483	169	1	This	this	DT
12483	169	2	generally	generally	RB
12483	169	3	results	result	VBZ
12483	169	4	in	in	IN
12483	169	5	difficulties	difficulty	NNS
12483	169	6	in	in	IN
12483	169	7	applying	apply	VBG
12483	169	8	conventional	conventional	JJ
12483	169	9	machine	machine	NN
12483	169	10	learning	learning	NN
12483	169	11	methods	method	NNS
12483	169	12	to	to	IN
12483	169	13	the	the	DT
12483	169	14	dataset	dataset	NN
12483	169	15	.	.	.
12483	170	1	However	however	RB
12483	170	2	,	,	,
12483	170	3	it	-PRON-	PRP
12483	170	4	is	be	VBZ
12483	170	5	a	a	DT
12483	170	6	frequently	frequently	RB
12483	170	7	observed	observe	VBN
12483	170	8	phenomenon	phenomenon	NN
12483	170	9	due	due	IN
12483	170	10	to	to	IN
12483	170	11	the	the	DT
12483	170	12	disparity	disparity	NN
12483	170	13	of	of	IN
12483	170	14	variable	variable	JJ
12483	170	15	classes	class	NNS
12483	170	16	in	in	IN
12483	170	17	these	these	DT
12483	170	18	kinds	kind	NNS
12483	170	19	of	of	IN
12483	170	20	problems	problem	NNS
12483	170	21	in	in	IN
12483	170	22	real	real	JJ
12483	170	23	world	world	NN
12483	170	24	.	.	.
12483	171	1	To	to	TO
12483	171	2	avoid	avoid	VB
12483	171	3	potential	potential	JJ
12483	171	4	problems	problem	NNS
12483	171	5	due	due	JJ
12483	171	6	to	to	IN
12483	171	7	the	the	DT
12483	171	8	imbalanced	imbalanced	JJ
12483	171	9	nature	nature	NN
12483	171	10	of	of	IN
12483	171	11	the	the	DT
12483	171	12	dataset	dataset	NN
12483	171	13	,	,	,
12483	171	14	we	-PRON-	PRP
12483	171	15	used	use	VBD
12483	171	16	SMOTE	SMOTE	NNP
12483	171	17	(	(	-LRB-
12483	171	18	Synthetic	synthetic	JJ
12483	171	19	http://zembereknlp.blogspot.com/2006/11/kelime-istatistikleri.html	http://zembereknlp.blogspot.com/2006/11/kelime-istatistikleri.html	NN
12483	171	20	INFORMATION	INFORMATION	VBD
12483	171	21	TECHNOLOGY	technology	NN
12483	171	22	AND	and	CC
12483	171	23	LIBRARIES	library	NNS
12483	171	24	DECEMBER	DECEMBER	NNP
12483	171	25	2020	2020	CD
12483	171	26	AUTOMATED	AUTOMATED	NNP
12483	171	27	FAKE	FAKE	NNP
12483	171	28	NEWS	NEWS	NNP
12483	171	29	DETECTION	detection	VB
12483	171	30	IN	in	IN
12483	171	31	THE	the	DT
12483	171	32	AGE	AGE	NNP
12483	171	33	OF	of	IN
12483	171	34	DIGITAL	DIGITAL	NNP
12483	171	35	LIBRARIES	library	NNS
12483	171	36	|	|	NNP
12483	171	37	MERTOĞLU	MERTOĞLU	NNS
12483	171	38	AND	and	CC
12483	171	39	GENÇ	genç	VBP
12483	171	40	11	11	CD
12483	171	41	Minority	Minority	NNP
12483	171	42	Over	over	IN
12483	171	43	-	-	HYPH
12483	171	44	sampling	sampling	NN
12483	171	45	Technique	Technique	NNP
12483	171	46	)	)	-RRB-
12483	171	47	which	which	WDT
12483	171	48	is	be	VBZ
12483	171	49	an	an	DT
12483	171	50	over	over	IN
12483	171	51	-	-	HYPH
12483	171	52	sampling	sampling	NN
12483	171	53	method.30	method.30	NNP
12483	171	54	It	-PRON-	PRP
12483	171	55	creates	create	VBZ
12483	171	56	synthetic	synthetic	JJ
12483	171	57	samples	sample	NNS
12483	171	58	of	of	IN
12483	171	59	the	the	DT
12483	171	60	minority	minority	NN
12483	171	61	class	class	NN
12483	171	62	that	that	WDT
12483	171	63	are	be	VBP
12483	171	64	relatively	relatively	RB
12483	171	65	close	close	JJ
12483	171	66	in	in	IN
12483	171	67	the	the	DT
12483	171	68	feature	feature	NN
12483	171	69	space	space	NN
12483	171	70	to	to	IN
12483	171	71	the	the	DT
12483	171	72	existing	exist	VBG
12483	171	73	observations	observation	NNS
12483	171	74	of	of	IN
12483	171	75	the	the	DT
12483	171	76	minority	minority	NN
12483	171	77	class	class	NN
12483	171	78	.	.	.
12483	172	1	Features	feature	NNS
12483	172	2	In	in	IN
12483	172	3	this	this	DT
12483	172	4	study	study	NN
12483	172	5	,	,	,
12483	172	6	we	-PRON-	PRP
12483	172	7	discarded	discard	VBD
12483	172	8	some	some	DT
12483	172	9	features	feature	NNS
12483	172	10	because	because	IN
12483	172	11	of	of	IN
12483	172	12	their	-PRON-	PRP$
12483	172	13	relatively	relatively	RB
12483	172	14	low	low	JJ
12483	172	15	impact	impact	NN
12483	172	16	on	on	IN
12483	172	17	overall	overall	JJ
12483	172	18	performance	performance	NN
12483	172	19	during	during	IN
12483	172	20	the	the	DT
12483	172	21	exploratory	exploratory	NNP
12483	172	22	data	data	NN
12483	172	23	analysis	analysis	NN
12483	172	24	and	and	CC
12483	172	25	subsequently	subsequently	RB
12483	172	26	in	in	IN
12483	172	27	the	the	DT
12483	172	28	training	training	NN
12483	172	29	phase	phase	NN
12483	172	30	.	.	.
12483	173	1	The	the	DT
12483	173	2	most	most	RBS
12483	173	3	effective	effective	JJ
12483	173	4	features	feature	NNS
12483	173	5	we	-PRON-	PRP
12483	173	6	decided	decide	VBD
12483	173	7	on	on	IN
12483	173	8	are	be	VBP
12483	173	9	shown	show	VBN
12483	173	10	in	in	IN
12483	173	11	table	table	NN
12483	173	12	2	2	CD
12483	173	13	.	.	.
12483	174	1	Table	table	NN
12483	174	2	2	2	CD
12483	174	3	.	.	.
12483	175	1	Main	main	JJ
12483	175	2	Features	Features	NNP
12483	175	3	Features	Features	NNPS
12483	175	4	Group	Group	NNP
12483	175	5	Definition	Definition	NNP
12483	175	6	nRootScore	nRootScore	NNP
12483	175	7	Language	Language	NNP
12483	175	8	Model	Model	NNP
12483	175	9	Features	feature	VBZ
12483	175	10	The	the	DT
12483	175	11	news	news	NN
12483	175	12	score	score	NN
12483	175	13	calculated	calculate	VBN
12483	175	14	according	accord	VBG
12483	175	15	to	to	IN
12483	175	16	the	the	DT
12483	175	17	Root	Root	NNP
12483	175	18	Model	Model	NNP
12483	175	19	nRawScore	nRawScore	NNP
12483	175	20	The	the	DT
12483	175	21	news	news	NN
12483	175	22	score	score	NN
12483	175	23	calculated	calculate	VBN
12483	175	24	according	accord	VBG
12483	175	25	to	to	IN
12483	175	26	the	the	DT
12483	175	27	Raw	Raw	NNP
12483	175	28	Model	Model	NNP
12483	175	29	SpellErrorScore	spellerrorscore	NN
12483	175	30	Extracted	Extracted	NNP
12483	175	31	Features	Features	NNP
12483	175	32	Spell	Spell	NNP
12483	175	33	errors	error	NNS
12483	175	34	per	per	IN
12483	175	35	sentences	sentence	NNS
12483	175	36	ComplexityScore	ComplexityScore	NNP
12483	175	37	The	the	DT
12483	175	38	score	score	NN
12483	175	39	of	of	IN
12483	175	40	the	the	DT
12483	175	41	complexity	complexity	NN
12483	175	42	/	/	SYM
12483	175	43	readibility	readibility	NN
12483	175	44	of	of	IN
12483	175	45	the	the	DT
12483	175	46	news	news	NN
12483	175	47	Source	source	NN
12483	175	48	Labels	Labels	NNP
12483	175	49	The	the	DT
12483	175	50	URL	URL	NNP
12483	175	51	or	or	CC
12483	175	52	identifier	identifier	NN
12483	175	53	of	of	IN
12483	175	54	the	the	DT
12483	175	55	news	news	NN
12483	175	56	MainCategory	MainCategory	NNP
12483	175	57	The	the	DT
12483	175	58	category	category	NN
12483	175	59	of	of	IN
12483	175	60	the	the	DT
12483	175	61	news	news	NN
12483	175	62	NewsSite	NewsSite	NNP
12483	175	63	The	the	DT
12483	175	64	unique	unique	JJ
12483	175	65	address	address	NN
12483	175	66	of	of	IN
12483	175	67	the	the	DT
12483	175	68	news	news	NN
12483	175	69	The	the	DT
12483	175	70	language	language	NN
12483	175	71	model	model	NN
12483	175	72	features	feature	VBZ
12483	175	73	nRootScore	nrootscore	CD
12483	175	74	and	and	CC
12483	175	75	nRawScore	nRawScore	NNP
12483	175	76	are	be	VBP
12483	175	77	features	feature	NNS
12483	175	78	that	that	WDT
12483	175	79	we	-PRON-	PRP
12483	175	80	have	have	VBP
12483	175	81	borrowed	borrow	VBN
12483	175	82	from	from	IN
12483	175	83	our	-PRON-	PRP$
12483	175	84	earlier	early	JJR
12483	175	85	study	study	NN
12483	175	86	on	on	IN
12483	175	87	fake	fake	JJ
12483	175	88	news	news	NN
12483	175	89	detection.31	detection.31	NNP
12483	175	90	In	in	IN
12483	175	91	that	that	DT
12483	175	92	study	study	NN
12483	175	93	,	,	,
12483	175	94	we	-PRON-	PRP
12483	175	95	focused	focus	VBD
12483	175	96	on	on	IN
12483	175	97	constructing	construct	VBG
12483	175	98	a	a	DT
12483	175	99	fake	fake	JJ
12483	175	100	news	news	NN
12483	175	101	dictionary	dictionary	NNP
12483	175	102	/	/	SYM
12483	175	103	lexicon	lexicon	NNS
12483	175	104	based	base	VBN
12483	175	105	on	on	IN
12483	175	106	different	different	JJ
12483	175	107	morphological	morphological	JJ
12483	175	108	segments	segment	NNS
12483	175	109	of	of	IN
12483	175	110	the	the	DT
12483	175	111	words	word	NNS
12483	175	112	used	use	VBN
12483	175	113	in	in	IN
12483	175	114	news	news	NN
12483	175	115	texts	text	NNS
12483	175	116	.	.	.
12483	176	1	These	these	DT
12483	176	2	two	two	CD
12483	176	3	scores	score	NNS
12483	176	4	were	be	VBD
12483	176	5	found	find	VBN
12483	176	6	to	to	TO
12483	176	7	be	be	VB
12483	176	8	the	the	DT
12483	176	9	most	most	RBS
12483	176	10	successful	successful	JJ
12483	176	11	ones	one	NNS
12483	176	12	in	in	IN
12483	176	13	determining	determine	VBG
12483	176	14	the	the	DT
12483	176	15	fakeness	fakeness	NN
12483	176	16	/	/	SYM
12483	176	17	validity	validity	NN
12483	176	18	of	of	IN
12483	176	19	a	a	DT
12483	176	20	news	news	NN
12483	176	21	text	text	NN
12483	176	22	,	,	,
12483	176	23	one	one	CD
12483	176	24	considering	consider	VBG
12483	176	25	the	the	DT
12483	176	26	raw	raw	JJ
12483	176	27	form	form	NN
12483	176	28	of	of	IN
12483	176	29	the	the	DT
12483	176	30	words	word	NNS
12483	176	31	,	,	,
12483	176	32	the	the	DT
12483	176	33	other	other	JJ
12483	176	34	considering	consider	VBG
12483	176	35	the	the	DT
12483	176	36	root	root	NN
12483	176	37	form	form	NN
12483	176	38	.	.	.
12483	177	1	The	the	DT
12483	177	2	extracted	extracted	JJ
12483	177	3	features	feature	NNS
12483	177	4	are	be	VBP
12483	177	5	ComplexityScore	ComplexityScore	NNP
12483	177	6	and	and	CC
12483	177	7	SpellErrorScore	SpellErrorScore	:
12483	177	8	.	.	.
12483	178	1	ComplexityScore	ComplexityScore	NNP
12483	178	2	basically	basically	RB
12483	178	3	represents	represent	VBZ
12483	178	4	the	the	DT
12483	178	5	readability	readability	NN
12483	178	6	of	of	IN
12483	178	7	the	the	DT
12483	178	8	text	text	NN
12483	178	9	.	.	.
12483	179	1	Studies	study	NNS
12483	179	2	for	for	IN
12483	179	3	determining	determine	VBG
12483	179	4	a	a	DT
12483	179	5	good	good	JJ
12483	179	6	readability	readability	NN
12483	179	7	metric	metric	JJ
12483	179	8	exist	exist	VBP
12483	179	9	for	for	IN
12483	179	10	the	the	DT
12483	179	11	Turkish	turkish	JJ
12483	179	12	language.32	language.32	NNP
12483	179	13	We	-PRON-	PRP
12483	179	14	used	use	VBD
12483	179	15	a	a	DT
12483	179	16	modified	modify	VBN
12483	179	17	version	version	NN
12483	179	18	of	of	IN
12483	179	19	the	the	DT
12483	179	20	Gunnig	Gunnig	NNP
12483	179	21	-	-	HYPH
12483	179	22	Fog	Fog	NNP
12483	179	23	metric	metric	NN
12483	179	24	,	,	,
12483	179	25	which	which	WDT
12483	179	26	is	be	VBZ
12483	179	27	based	base	VBN
12483	179	28	on	on	IN
12483	179	29	word	word	NN
12483	179	30	length	length	NN
12483	179	31	and	and	CC
12483	179	32	sentence	sentence	NN
12483	179	33	length.33	length.33	NNP
12483	179	34	Since	since	IN
12483	179	35	Turkish	Turkish	NNP
12483	179	36	is	be	VBZ
12483	179	37	an	an	DT
12483	179	38	agglutinative	agglutinative	JJ
12483	179	39	language	language	NN
12483	179	40	,	,	,
12483	179	41	we	-PRON-	PRP
12483	179	42	used	use	VBD
12483	179	43	word	word	NN
12483	179	44	length	length	NN
12483	179	45	instead	instead	RB
12483	179	46	of	of	IN
12483	179	47	using	use	VBG
12483	179	48	the	the	DT
12483	179	49	syllable	syllable	NN
12483	179	50	count	count	NN
12483	179	51	.	.	.
12483	180	1	We	-PRON-	PRP
12483	180	2	also	also	RB
12483	180	3	made	make	VBD
12483	180	4	some	some	DT
12483	180	5	modifications	modification	NNS
12483	180	6	to	to	TO
12483	180	7	normalize	normalize	VB
12483	180	8	the	the	DT
12483	180	9	scores	score	NNS
12483	180	10	.	.	.
12483	181	1	The	the	DT
12483	181	2	average	average	JJ
12483	181	3	number	number	NN
12483	181	4	of	of	IN
12483	181	5	syllables	syllable	NNS
12483	181	6	per	per	IN
12483	181	7	word	word	NN
12483	181	8	syllable	syllable	NN
12483	181	9	in	in	IN
12483	181	10	Turkish	Turkish	NNP
12483	181	11	is	be	VBZ
12483	181	12	2.6	2.6	CD
12483	181	13	,	,	,
12483	181	14	so	so	RB
12483	181	15	we	-PRON-	PRP
12483	181	16	defined	define	VBD
12483	181	17	a	a	DT
12483	181	18	word	word	NN
12483	181	19	as	as	IN
12483	181	20	a	a	DT
12483	181	21	long	long	JJ
12483	181	22	word	word	NN
12483	181	23	if	if	IN
12483	181	24	it	-PRON-	PRP
12483	181	25	has	have	VBZ
12483	181	26	more	more	JJR
12483	181	27	than	than	IN
12483	181	28	9	9	CD
12483	181	29	letters.34	letters.34	NN
12483	181	30	For	for	IN
12483	181	31	a	a	DT
12483	181	32	given	give	VBN
12483	181	33	news	news	NN
12483	181	34	text	text	NN
12483	181	35	T	T	NNP
12483	181	36	,	,	,
12483	181	37	the	the	DT
12483	181	38	Complexity	Complexity	NNP
12483	181	39	Score	Score	NNP
12483	181	40	(	(	-LRB-
12483	181	41	CS	CS	NNP
12483	181	42	)	)	-RRB-
12483	181	43	can	can	MD
12483	181	44	be	be	VB
12483	181	45	computed	compute	VBN
12483	181	46	by	by	IN
12483	181	47	equation	equation	NN
12483	181	48	1	1	CD
12483	181	49	.	.	.
12483	182	1	(	(	-LRB-
12483	182	2	1	1	LS
12483	182	3	)	)	-RRB-
12483	182	4	𝑇𝐶𝑆	𝑇𝐶𝑆	NNP
12483	182	5	=	=	NFP
12483	182	6	(	(	-LRB-
12483	182	7	𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡	𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡	NNP
12483	182	8	𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡	𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡	NNP
12483	182	9	+	+	CC
12483	182	10	𝐿𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡∗100	𝐿𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡∗100	VBZ
12483	182	11	𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡	𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡	NNP
12483	182	12	10	10	CD
12483	182	13	)	)	-RRB-
12483	182	14	The	the	DT
12483	182	15	second	second	JJ
12483	182	16	Extracted	extract	VBN
12483	182	17	Feature	Feature	NNP
12483	182	18	is	be	VBZ
12483	182	19	SpellErrorScore	SpellErrorScore	:
12483	182	20	.	.	.
12483	183	1	We	-PRON-	PRP
12483	183	2	foresee	foresee	VBP
12483	183	3	that	that	IN
12483	183	4	there	there	EX
12483	183	5	may	may	MD
12483	183	6	be	be	VB
12483	183	7	many	many	JJ
12483	183	8	more	more	JJR
12483	183	9	errors	error	NNS
12483	183	10	in	in	IN
12483	183	11	fake	fake	JJ
12483	183	12	news	news	NN
12483	183	13	than	than	IN
12483	183	14	in	in	IN
12483	183	15	valid	valid	JJ
12483	183	16	news	news	NN
12483	183	17	.	.	.
12483	184	1	We	-PRON-	PRP
12483	184	2	calculated	calculate	VBD
12483	184	3	the	the	DT
12483	184	4	spell	spell	NN
12483	184	5	error	error	NN
12483	184	6	counts	count	NNS
12483	184	7	making	make	VBG
12483	184	8	use	use	NN
12483	184	9	of	of	IN
12483	184	10	Turkish	turkish	JJ
12483	184	11	Spellchecker	Spellchecker	NNP
12483	184	12	class	class	NN
12483	184	13	of	of	IN
12483	184	14	Zemberek	Zemberek	NNP
12483	184	15	.	.	.
12483	185	1	Due	due	IN
12483	185	2	to	to	IN
12483	185	3	the	the	DT
12483	185	4	text	text	NN
12483	185	5	length	length	NN
12483	185	6	of	of	IN
12483	185	7	news	news	NN
12483	185	8	varies	varie	NNS
12483	185	9	,	,	,
12483	185	10	we	-PRON-	PRP
12483	185	11	calculate	calculate	VBP
12483	185	12	the	the	DT
12483	185	13	ratio	ratio	NN
12483	185	14	INFORMATION	information	NN
12483	185	15	TECHNOLOGY	technology	NN
12483	185	16	AND	and	CC
12483	185	17	LIBRARIES	library	NNS
12483	185	18	DECEMBER	DECEMBER	NNP
12483	185	19	2020	2020	CD
12483	185	20	AUTOMATED	AUTOMATED	NNP
12483	185	21	FAKE	FAKE	NNP
12483	185	22	NEWS	NEWS	NNP
12483	185	23	DETECTION	detection	VB
12483	185	24	IN	in	IN
12483	185	25	THE	the	DT
12483	185	26	AGE	AGE	NNP
12483	185	27	OF	of	IN
12483	185	28	DIGITAL	DIGITAL	NNP
12483	185	29	LIBRARIES	library	NNS
12483	185	30	|	|	NNP
12483	185	31	MERTOĞLU	MERTOĞLU	NNS
12483	185	32	AND	and	CC
12483	185	33	GENÇ	genç	VBP
12483	185	34	12	12	CD
12483	185	35	according	accord	VBG
12483	185	36	to	to	IN
12483	185	37	the	the	DT
12483	185	38	sentences	sentence	NNS
12483	185	39	.	.	.
12483	186	1	For	for	IN
12483	186	2	a	a	DT
12483	186	3	given	give	VBN
12483	186	4	news	news	NN
12483	186	5	text	text	NN
12483	186	6	T	T	NNP
12483	186	7	,	,	,
12483	186	8	SE	SE	NNP
12483	186	9	(	(	-LRB-
12483	186	10	Spell	Spell	NNP
12483	186	11	Error	Error	NNP
12483	186	12	Score	Score	NNP
12483	186	13	)	)	-RRB-
12483	186	14	is	be	VBZ
12483	186	15	calculated	calculate	VBN
12483	186	16	as	as	IN
12483	186	17	shown	show	VBN
12483	186	18	in	in	IN
12483	186	19	equation	equation	NN
12483	186	20	2	2	CD
12483	186	21	.	.	.
12483	187	1	(	(	-LRB-
12483	187	2	2	2	LS
12483	187	3	)	)	-RRB-
12483	187	4	𝑇𝑆𝐸	𝑇𝑆𝐸	NNP
12483	187	5	=	=	NFP
12483	187	6	(	(	-LRB-
12483	187	7	𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑙𝑙𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡	𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑙𝑙𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡	NFP
12483	187	8	𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡	𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡	NNP
12483	187	9	)	)	-RRB-
12483	187	10	Finally	finally	RB
12483	187	11	,	,	,
12483	187	12	we	-PRON-	PRP
12483	187	13	included	include	VBD
12483	187	14	the	the	DT
12483	187	15	metadata	metadata	NN
12483	187	16	categories	category	NNS
12483	187	17	Source	Source	NNP
12483	187	18	,	,	,
12483	187	19	MainCategory	MainCategory	NNP
12483	187	20	,	,	,
12483	187	21	and	and	CC
12483	187	22	NewsSite	NewsSite	NNP
12483	187	23	as	as	IN
12483	187	24	additional	additional	JJ
12483	187	25	identifiers	identifier	NNS
12483	187	26	for	for	IN
12483	187	27	the	the	DT
12483	187	28	learning	learning	NN
12483	187	29	process	process	NN
12483	187	30	.	.	.
12483	188	1	Then	then	RB
12483	188	2	,	,	,
12483	188	3	we	-PRON-	PRP
12483	188	4	combined	combine	VBD
12483	188	5	features	feature	NNS
12483	188	6	extracted	extract	VBN
12483	188	7	from	from	IN
12483	188	8	text	text	NN
12483	188	9	representation	representation	NN
12483	188	10	techniques	technique	NNS
12483	188	11	with	with	IN
12483	188	12	the	the	DT
12483	188	13	features	feature	NNS
12483	188	14	shown	show	VBN
12483	188	15	in	in	IN
12483	188	16	table	table	NN
12483	188	17	2	2	CD
12483	188	18	and	and	CC
12483	188	19	trained	train	VBD
12483	188	20	the	the	DT
12483	188	21	model	model	NN
12483	188	22	with	with	IN
12483	188	23	different	different	JJ
12483	188	24	classifiers	classifier	NNS
12483	188	25	.	.	.
12483	189	1	For	for	IN
12483	189	2	text	text	NN
12483	189	3	representation	representation	NN
12483	189	4	,	,	,
12483	189	5	we	-PRON-	PRP
12483	189	6	followed	follow	VBD
12483	189	7	two	two	CD
12483	189	8	directions	direction	NNS
12483	189	9	for	for	IN
12483	189	10	the	the	DT
12483	189	11	experiments	experiment	NNS
12483	189	12	.	.	.
12483	190	1	First	first	RB
12483	190	2	,	,	,
12483	190	3	we	-PRON-	PRP
12483	190	4	converted	convert	VBD
12483	190	5	text	text	NN
12483	190	6	into	into	IN
12483	190	7	structured	structured	JJ
12483	190	8	features	feature	NNS
12483	190	9	with	with	IN
12483	190	10	Bag	Bag	NNP
12483	190	11	of	of	IN
12483	190	12	Words	Words	NNP
12483	190	13	(	(	-LRB-
12483	190	14	BOW	BOW	NNP
12483	190	15	)	)	-RRB-
12483	190	16	approach	approach	NN
12483	190	17	in	in	IN
12483	190	18	which	which	WDT
12483	190	19	text	text	NN
12483	190	20	data	datum	NNS
12483	190	21	is	be	VBZ
12483	190	22	represented	represent	VBN
12483	190	23	as	as	IN
12483	190	24	the	the	DT
12483	190	25	multiset	multiset	NN
12483	190	26	of	of	IN
12483	190	27	its	-PRON-	PRP$
12483	190	28	words	word	NNS
12483	190	29	.	.	.
12483	191	1	Second	second	JJ
12483	191	2	,	,	,
12483	191	3	we	-PRON-	PRP
12483	191	4	experimented	experiment	VBD
12483	191	5	with	with	IN
12483	191	6	N	N	NNP
12483	191	7	-	-	HYPH
12483	191	8	grams	gram	NNS
12483	191	9	which	which	WDT
12483	191	10	represents	represent	VBZ
12483	191	11	the	the	DT
12483	191	12	sequence	sequence	NN
12483	191	13	of	of	IN
12483	191	14	n	n	JJ
12483	191	15	words	word	NNS
12483	191	16	,	,	,
12483	191	17	in	in	IN
12483	191	18	other	other	JJ
12483	191	19	words	word	NNS
12483	191	20	splitting	split	VBG
12483	191	21	text	text	NN
12483	191	22	into	into	IN
12483	191	23	chunks	chunk	NNS
12483	191	24	of	of	IN
12483	191	25	size	size	NN
12483	191	26	N	n	NN
12483	191	27	-	-	HYPH
12483	191	28	words	word	NNS
12483	191	29	.	.	.
12483	192	1	In	in	IN
12483	192	2	the	the	DT
12483	192	3	(	(	-LRB-
12483	192	4	BOW	BOW	NNP
12483	192	5	)	)	-RRB-
12483	192	6	model	model	NN
12483	192	7	,	,	,
12483	192	8	documents	document	NNS
12483	192	9	in	in	IN
12483	192	10	TRFN	TRFN	NNP
12483	192	11	are	be	VBP
12483	192	12	represented	represent	VBN
12483	192	13	as	as	IN
12483	192	14	a	a	DT
12483	192	15	collection	collection	NN
12483	192	16	of	of	IN
12483	192	17	words	word	NNS
12483	192	18	,	,	,
12483	192	19	ignoring	ignore	VBG
12483	192	20	grammar	grammar	NN
12483	192	21	and	and	CC
12483	192	22	even	even	RB
12483	192	23	word	word	NN
12483	192	24	order	order	NN
12483	192	25	,	,	,
12483	192	26	but	but	CC
12483	192	27	preserving	preserve	VBG
12483	192	28	multiplicity	multiplicity	NN
12483	192	29	.	.	.
12483	193	1	In	in	IN
12483	193	2	a	a	DT
12483	193	3	classic	classic	JJ
12483	193	4	BOW	BOW	NNP
12483	193	5	approach	approach	NN
12483	193	6	,	,	,
12483	193	7	each	each	DT
12483	193	8	document	document	NN
12483	193	9	can	can	MD
12483	193	10	be	be	VB
12483	193	11	represented	represent	VBN
12483	193	12	as	as	IN
12483	193	13	a	a	DT
12483	193	14	fixed	fix	VBN
12483	193	15	-	-	HYPH
12483	193	16	length	length	NN
12483	193	17	vector	vector	NN
12483	193	18	with	with	IN
12483	193	19	length	length	NN
12483	193	20	equal	equal	JJ
12483	193	21	to	to	IN
12483	193	22	the	the	DT
12483	193	23	vocabulary	vocabulary	NN
12483	193	24	size	size	NN
12483	193	25	.	.	.
12483	194	1	This	this	DT
12483	194	2	means	mean	VBZ
12483	194	3	each	each	DT
12483	194	4	dimension	dimension	NN
12483	194	5	of	of	IN
12483	194	6	this	this	DT
12483	194	7	vector	vector	NN
12483	194	8	corresponds	correspond	VBZ
12483	194	9	to	to	IN
12483	194	10	the	the	DT
12483	194	11	occurrence	occurrence	NN
12483	194	12	of	of	IN
12483	194	13	a	a	DT
12483	194	14	word	word	NN
12483	194	15	in	in	IN
12483	194	16	a	a	DT
12483	194	17	news	news	NN
12483	194	18	item	item	NN
12483	194	19	.	.	.
12483	195	1	We	-PRON-	PRP
12483	195	2	customized	customize	VBD
12483	195	3	the	the	DT
12483	195	4	generic	generic	JJ
12483	195	5	approach	approach	NN
12483	195	6	by	by	IN
12483	195	7	reducing	reduce	VBG
12483	195	8	variable	variable	JJ
12483	195	9	-	-	HYPH
12483	195	10	length	length	NN
12483	195	11	documents	document	NNS
12483	195	12	to	to	IN
12483	195	13	fixed	fix	VBN
12483	195	14	-	-	HYPH
12483	195	15	length	length	NN
12483	195	16	vectors	vector	NNS
12483	195	17	to	to	TO
12483	195	18	be	be	VB
12483	195	19	able	able	JJ
12483	195	20	to	to	TO
12483	195	21	use	use	VB
12483	195	22	with	with	IN
12483	195	23	varying	varying	NN
12483	195	24	lengths	length	NNS
12483	195	25	with	with	IN
12483	195	26	many	many	JJ
12483	195	27	machine	machine	NN
12483	195	28	learning	learning	NN
12483	195	29	models	model	NNS
12483	195	30	.	.	.
12483	196	1	INFORMATION	INFORMATION	NNP
12483	196	2	TECHNOLOGY	technology	NN
12483	196	3	AND	and	CC
12483	196	4	LIBRARIES	library	NNS
12483	196	5	DECEMBER	DECEMBER	NNP
12483	196	6	2020	2020	CD
12483	196	7	AUTOMATED	AUTOMATED	NNP
12483	196	8	FAKE	FAKE	NNP
12483	196	9	NEWS	NEWS	NNP
12483	196	10	DETECTION	detection	VB
12483	196	11	IN	in	IN
12483	196	12	THE	the	DT
12483	196	13	AGE	AGE	NNP
12483	196	14	OF	of	IN
12483	196	15	DIGITAL	DIGITAL	NNP
12483	196	16	LIBRARIES	library	NNS
12483	196	17	|	|	NNP
12483	196	18	MERTOĞLU	MERTOĞLU	NNS
12483	196	19	AND	and	CC
12483	196	20	GENÇ	genç	VBP
12483	196	21	13	13	CD
12483	196	22	Figure	figure	NN
12483	196	23	5	5	CD
12483	196	24	.	.	.
12483	197	1	An	an	DT
12483	197	2	overview	overview	NN
12483	197	3	of	of	IN
12483	197	4	BOW	BOW	NNP
12483	197	5	(	(	-LRB-
12483	197	6	Bag	Bag	NNP
12483	197	7	of	of	IN
12483	197	8	Word	Word	NNP
12483	197	9	)	)	-RRB-
12483	197	10	Approach	Approach	NNP
12483	197	11	.	.	.
12483	198	1	Because	because	IN
12483	198	2	we	-PRON-	PRP
12483	198	3	ignore	ignore	VBP
12483	198	4	the	the	DT
12483	198	5	word	word	NN
12483	198	6	order	order	NN
12483	198	7	,	,	,
12483	198	8	we	-PRON-	PRP
12483	198	9	reduced	reduce	VBD
12483	198	10	fixed	fixed	JJ
12483	198	11	length	length	NN
12483	198	12	of	of	IN
12483	198	13	counts	count	NNS
12483	198	14	as	as	IN
12483	198	15	histograms	histogram	NNS
12483	198	16	as	as	IN
12483	198	17	seen	see	VBN
12483	198	18	in	in	IN
12483	198	19	figure	figure	NN
12483	198	20	5	5	CD
12483	198	21	.	.	.
12483	199	1	Assuming	assume	VBG
12483	199	2	N	N	NNP
12483	199	3	is	be	VBZ
12483	199	4	the	the	DT
12483	199	5	number	number	NN
12483	199	6	of	of	IN
12483	199	7	news	news	NN
12483	199	8	documents	document	NNS
12483	199	9	and	and	CC
12483	199	10	W	w	NN
12483	199	11	is	be	VBZ
12483	199	12	the	the	DT
12483	199	13	number	number	NN
12483	199	14	of	of	IN
12483	199	15	possible	possible	JJ
12483	199	16	words	word	NNS
12483	199	17	in	in	IN
12483	199	18	the	the	DT
12483	199	19	corpus	corpus	NN
12483	199	20	,	,	,
12483	199	21	it	-PRON-	PRP
12483	199	22	should	should	MD
12483	199	23	be	be	VB
12483	199	24	noted	note	VBN
12483	199	25	that	that	IN
12483	199	26	in	in	IN
12483	199	27	N*W	N*W	NNP
12483	199	28	count	count	NNP
12483	199	29	matrix	matrix	NNP
12483	199	30	,	,	,
12483	199	31	N	N	NNP
12483	199	32	is	be	VBZ
12483	199	33	generally	generally	RB
12483	199	34	large	large	JJ
12483	199	35	but	but	CC
12483	199	36	infrequent	infrequent	JJ
12483	199	37	,	,	,
12483	199	38	because	because	IN
12483	199	39	we	-PRON-	PRP
12483	199	40	have	have	VBP
12483	199	41	many	many	JJ
12483	199	42	news	news	NN
12483	199	43	documents	document	NNS
12483	199	44	,	,	,
12483	199	45	but	but	CC
12483	199	46	most	most	JJS
12483	199	47	words	word	NNS
12483	199	48	do	do	VBP
12483	199	49	not	not	RB
12483	199	50	occur	occur	VB
12483	199	51	in	in	IN
12483	199	52	any	any	DT
12483	199	53	given	give	VBN
12483	199	54	document	document	NN
12483	199	55	causing	cause	VBG
12483	199	56	rareness	rareness	NN
12483	199	57	of	of	IN
12483	199	58	a	a	DT
12483	199	59	term	term	NN
12483	199	60	/	/	SYM
12483	199	61	word	word	NN
12483	199	62	which	which	WDT
12483	199	63	is	be	VBZ
12483	199	64	a	a	DT
12483	199	65	drawback	drawback	NN
12483	199	66	for	for	IN
12483	199	67	the	the	DT
12483	199	68	approach	approach	NN
12483	199	69	.	.	.
12483	200	1	Therefore	therefore	RB
12483	200	2	,	,	,
12483	200	3	we	-PRON-	PRP
12483	200	4	modified	modify	VBD
12483	200	5	the	the	DT
12483	200	6	model	model	NN
12483	200	7	to	to	TO
12483	200	8	compensate	compensate	VB
12483	200	9	the	the	DT
12483	200	10	rarity	rarity	NN
12483	200	11	problem	problem	NN
12483	200	12	by	by	IN
12483	200	13	weighting	weight	VBG
12483	200	14	the	the	DT
12483	200	15	terms	term	NNS
12483	200	16	using	use	VBG
12483	200	17	TF	TF	NNP
12483	200	18	-	-	HYPH
12483	200	19	IDF	IDF	NNP
12483	200	20	measure	measure	NN
12483	200	21	which	which	WDT
12483	200	22	evaluates	evaluate	VBZ
12483	200	23	how	how	WRB
12483	200	24	important	important	JJ
12483	200	25	a	a	DT
12483	200	26	word	word	NN
12483	200	27	is	be	VBZ
12483	200	28	to	to	IN
12483	200	29	a	a	DT
12483	200	30	document	document	NN
12483	200	31	in	in	IN
12483	200	32	a	a	DT
12483	200	33	collection	collection	NN
12483	200	34	.	.	.
12483	201	1	The	the	DT
12483	201	2	other	other	JJ
12483	201	3	technique	technique	NN
12483	201	4	we	-PRON-	PRP
12483	201	5	used	use	VBD
12483	201	6	,	,	,
12483	201	7	N	n	NN
12483	201	8	-	-	HYPH
12483	201	9	gram	gram	NN
12483	201	10	model	model	NN
12483	201	11	is	be	VBZ
12483	201	12	the	the	DT
12483	201	13	generic	generic	JJ
12483	201	14	term	term	NN
12483	201	15	for	for	IN
12483	201	16	a	a	DT
12483	201	17	string	string	NN
12483	201	18	of	of	IN
12483	201	19	words	word	NNS
12483	201	20	in	in	IN
12483	201	21	computational	computational	JJ
12483	201	22	linguistics	linguistic	NNS
12483	201	23	,	,	,
12483	201	24	and	and	CC
12483	201	25	it	-PRON-	PRP
12483	201	26	is	be	VBZ
12483	201	27	extensively	extensively	RB
12483	201	28	used	use	VBN
12483	201	29	in	in	IN
12483	201	30	text	text	NN
12483	201	31	mining	mining	NN
12483	201	32	and	and	CC
12483	201	33	NLP	NLP	NNP
12483	201	34	tasks	task	NNS
12483	201	35	.	.	.
12483	202	1	The	the	DT
12483	202	2	prefixes	prefix	NNS
12483	202	3	that	that	WDT
12483	202	4	replace	replace	VBP
12483	202	5	the	the	DT
12483	202	6	n	n	JJ
12483	202	7	-	-	HYPH
12483	202	8	part	part	NN
12483	202	9	indicate	indicate	VBP
12483	202	10	the	the	DT
12483	202	11	number	number	NN
12483	202	12	of	of	IN
12483	202	13	consecutive	consecutive	JJ
12483	202	14	words	word	NNS
12483	202	15	in	in	IN
12483	202	16	the	the	DT
12483	202	17	string	string	NN
12483	202	18	.	.	.
12483	203	1	So	so	RB
12483	203	2	,	,	,
12483	203	3	a	a	DT
12483	203	4	unigram	unigram	NN
12483	203	5	is	be	VBZ
12483	203	6	referred	refer	VBN
12483	203	7	to	to	IN
12483	203	8	one	one	CD
12483	203	9	word	word	NN
12483	203	10	,	,	,
12483	203	11	a	a	DT
12483	203	12	bigram	bigram	NN
12483	203	13	is	be	VBZ
12483	203	14	two	two	CD
12483	203	15	words	word	NNS
12483	203	16	,	,	,
12483	203	17	and	and	CC
12483	203	18	an	an	DT
12483	203	19	n	n	NN
12483	203	20	-	-	HYPH
12483	203	21	gram	gram	NN
12483	203	22	is	be	VBZ
12483	203	23	n	n	CD
12483	203	24	words	word	NNS
12483	203	25	.	.	.
12483	204	1	EXPERIMENTAL	experimental	NN
12483	204	2	RESULTS	result	NNS
12483	204	3	AND	and	CC
12483	204	4	DISCUSSION	discussion	NN
12483	204	5	In	in	IN
12483	204	6	this	this	DT
12483	204	7	section	section	NN
12483	204	8	,	,	,
12483	204	9	the	the	DT
12483	204	10	experimental	experimental	JJ
12483	204	11	process	process	NN
12483	204	12	and	and	CC
12483	204	13	the	the	DT
12483	204	14	results	result	NNS
12483	204	15	are	be	VBP
12483	204	16	presented	present	VBN
12483	204	17	.	.	.
12483	205	1	All	all	DT
12483	205	2	experiments	experiment	NNS
12483	205	3	are	be	VBP
12483	205	4	performed	perform	VBN
12483	205	5	using	use	VBG
12483	205	6	the	the	DT
12483	205	7	Scikit	Scikit	NNPS
12483	205	8	-	-	HYPH
12483	205	9	learn	learn	VB
12483	205	10	library	library	NN
12483	205	11	.	.	.
12483	206	1	To	to	TO
12483	206	2	evaluate	evaluate	VB
12483	206	3	the	the	DT
12483	206	4	performance	performance	NN
12483	206	5	of	of	IN
12483	206	6	the	the	DT
12483	206	7	model	model	NN
12483	206	8	and	and	CC
12483	206	9	proposed	propose	VBN
12483	206	10	features	feature	NNS
12483	206	11	we	-PRON-	PRP
12483	206	12	employed	employ	VBD
12483	206	13	the	the	DT
12483	206	14	precision	precision	NN
12483	206	15	,	,	,
12483	206	16	recall	recall	NN
12483	206	17	,	,	,
12483	206	18	F1	F1	NNP
12483	206	19	score	score	NN
12483	206	20	(	(	-LRB-
12483	206	21	the	the	DT
12483	206	22	harmonic	harmonic	JJ
12483	206	23	mean	mean	NN
12483	206	24	of	of	IN
12483	206	25	the	the	DT
12483	206	26	precision	precision	NN
12483	206	27	and	and	CC
12483	206	28	recall	recall	NN
12483	206	29	)	)	-RRB-
12483	206	30	,	,	,
12483	206	31	and	and	CC
12483	206	32	accuracy	accuracy	NN
12483	206	33	metrics	metric	NNS
12483	206	34	.	.	.
12483	207	1	We	-PRON-	PRP
12483	207	2	did	do	VBD
12483	207	3	many	many	JJ
12483	207	4	experiments	experiment	NNS
12483	207	5	using	use	VBG
12483	207	6	different	different	JJ
12483	207	7	combinations	combination	NNS
12483	207	8	of	of	IN
12483	207	9	features	feature	NNS
12483	207	10	.	.	.
12483	208	1	INFORMATION	INFORMATION	NNP
12483	208	2	TECHNOLOGY	technology	NN
12483	208	3	AND	and	CC
12483	208	4	LIBRARIES	library	NNS
12483	208	5	DECEMBER	DECEMBER	NNP
12483	208	6	2020	2020	CD
12483	208	7	AUTOMATED	AUTOMATED	NNP
12483	208	8	FAKE	FAKE	NNP
12483	208	9	NEWS	NEWS	NNP
12483	208	10	DETECTION	detection	VB
12483	208	11	IN	in	IN
12483	208	12	THE	the	DT
12483	208	13	AGE	AGE	NNP
12483	208	14	OF	of	IN
12483	208	15	DIGITAL	DIGITAL	NNP
12483	208	16	LIBRARIES	library	NNS
12483	208	17	|	|	NNP
12483	208	18	MERTOĞLU	MERTOĞLU	NNS
12483	208	19	AND	and	CC
12483	208	20	GENÇ	genç	NN
12483	208	21	14	14	CD
12483	208	22	Several	several	JJ
12483	208	23	classification	classification	NN
12483	208	24	models	model	NNS
12483	208	25	have	have	VBP
12483	208	26	been	be	VBN
12483	208	27	trained	train	VBN
12483	208	28	.	.	.
12483	209	1	These	these	DT
12483	209	2	are	be	VBP
12483	209	3	as	as	IN
12483	209	4	follows	follow	VBZ
12483	209	5	:	:	:
12483	209	6	K	K	NNP
12483	209	7	-	-	HYPH
12483	209	8	Nearest	Nearest	NNP
12483	209	9	Neighbor	Neighbor	NNP
12483	209	10	,	,	,
12483	209	11	Decision	Decision	NNP
12483	209	12	Trees	Trees	NNP
12483	209	13	,	,	,
12483	209	14	Gaussian	Gaussian	NNP
12483	209	15	Naive	Naive	NNP
12483	209	16	Bayes	Bayes	NNP
12483	209	17	,	,	,
12483	209	18	Random	Random	NNP
12483	209	19	Forest	Forest	NNP
12483	209	20	,	,	,
12483	209	21	Support	Support	NNP
12483	209	22	Vector	Vector	NNP
12483	209	23	Machine	Machine	NNP
12483	209	24	,	,	,
12483	209	25	ExtraTrees	ExtraTrees	NNP
12483	209	26	Classifier	Classifier	NNP
12483	209	27	,	,	,
12483	209	28	and	and	CC
12483	209	29	Logistic	Logistic	NNP
12483	209	30	Regression	Regression	NNP
12483	209	31	.	.	.
12483	210	1	To	to	TO
12483	210	2	be	be	VB
12483	210	3	effective	effective	JJ
12483	210	4	,	,	,
12483	210	5	a	a	DT
12483	210	6	classifier	classifier	NN
12483	210	7	should	should	MD
12483	210	8	be	be	VB
12483	210	9	able	able	JJ
12483	210	10	to	to	TO
12483	210	11	correctly	correctly	RB
12483	210	12	classify	classify	VB
12483	210	13	previously	previously	RB
12483	210	14	unseen	unseen	JJ
12483	210	15	data	datum	NNS
12483	210	16	.	.	.
12483	211	1	To	to	IN
12483	211	2	this	this	DT
12483	211	3	end	end	NN
12483	211	4	,	,	,
12483	211	5	we	-PRON-	PRP
12483	211	6	tuned	tune	VBD
12483	211	7	the	the	DT
12483	211	8	parameter	parameter	NN
12483	211	9	values	value	NNS
12483	211	10	for	for	IN
12483	211	11	all	all	PDT
12483	211	12	the	the	DT
12483	211	13	classification	classification	NN
12483	211	14	models	model	NNS
12483	211	15	used	use	VBN
12483	211	16	.	.	.
12483	212	1	Then	then	RB
12483	212	2	,	,	,
12483	212	3	models	model	NNS
12483	212	4	were	be	VBD
12483	212	5	trained	train	VBN
12483	212	6	and	and	CC
12483	212	7	evaluated	evaluate	VBN
12483	212	8	on	on	IN
12483	212	9	TRFN	TRFN	NNP
12483	212	10	dataset	dataset	NN
12483	212	11	using	use	VBG
12483	212	12	10-fold	10-fold	CD
12483	212	13	cross	cross	NN
12483	212	14	-	-	NN
12483	212	15	validation	validation	NN
12483	212	16	.	.	.
12483	213	1	In	in	IN
12483	213	2	table	table	NN
12483	213	3	3	3	CD
12483	213	4	,	,	,
12483	213	5	we	-PRON-	PRP
12483	213	6	present	present	VBP
12483	213	7	the	the	DT
12483	213	8	ultimate	ultimate	JJ
12483	213	9	best	good	JJS
12483	213	10	scores	score	NNS
12483	213	11	of	of	IN
12483	213	12	the	the	DT
12483	213	13	proposed	propose	VBN
12483	213	14	model	model	NN
12483	213	15	.	.	.
12483	214	1	The	the	DT
12483	214	2	results	result	NNS
12483	214	3	are	be	VBP
12483	214	4	highly	highly	RB
12483	214	5	motivating	motivate	VBG
12483	214	6	to	to	TO
12483	214	7	exemplify	exemplify	VB
12483	214	8	how	how	WRB
12483	214	9	useful	useful	JJ
12483	214	10	automated	automated	JJ
12483	214	11	detection	detection	NN
12483	214	12	systems	system	NNS
12483	214	13	can	can	MD
12483	214	14	be	be	VB
12483	214	15	as	as	IN
12483	214	16	a	a	DT
12483	214	17	key	key	JJ
12483	214	18	component	component	NN
12483	214	19	of	of	IN
12483	214	20	the	the	DT
12483	214	21	integrated	integrate	VBN
12483	214	22	solution	solution	NN
12483	214	23	framework	framework	NN
12483	214	24	in	in	IN
12483	214	25	figure	figure	NN
12483	214	26	2	2	CD
12483	214	27	.	.	.
12483	215	1	We	-PRON-	PRP
12483	215	2	compared	compare	VBD
12483	215	3	the	the	DT
12483	215	4	algorithms	algorithm	NNS
12483	215	5	with	with	IN
12483	215	6	three	three	CD
12483	215	7	ultimate	ultimate	JJ
12483	215	8	feature	feature	NN
12483	215	9	sets	set	NNS
12483	215	10	for	for	IN
12483	215	11	having	have	VBG
12483	215	12	respectively	respectively	RB
12483	215	13	consistent	consistent	JJ
12483	215	14	results	result	NNS
12483	215	15	to	to	IN
12483	215	16	the	the	DT
12483	215	17	other	other	JJ
12483	215	18	feature	feature	NN
12483	215	19	set	set	VBN
12483	215	20	combinations	combination	NNS
12483	215	21	.	.	.
12483	216	1	Set1	set1	RB
12483	216	2	stands	stand	VBZ
12483	216	3	for	for	IN
12483	216	4	bigram+FOpt	bigram+FOpt	NNP
12483	216	5	(	(	-LRB-
12483	216	6	Optimized	Optimized	NNP
12483	216	7	Features	Features	NNP
12483	216	8	)	)	-RRB-
12483	216	9	,	,	,
12483	216	10	Set2	Set2	NNP
12483	216	11	stands	stand	VBZ
12483	216	12	for	for	IN
12483	216	13	BOWModified+	BOWModified+	NNP
12483	216	14	FOpt	FOpt	NNP
12483	216	15	and	and	CC
12483	216	16	Set3	Set3	NNP
12483	216	17	stands	stand	VBZ
12483	216	18	for	for	IN
12483	216	19	unigram+bigram+FOpt	unigram+bigram+FOpt	NNS
12483	216	20	.	.	.
12483	217	1	The	the	DT
12483	217	2	results	result	NNS
12483	217	3	show	show	VBP
12483	217	4	that	that	IN
12483	217	5	there	there	EX
12483	217	6	is	be	VBZ
12483	217	7	a	a	DT
12483	217	8	relative	relative	JJ
12483	217	9	consistency	consistency	NN
12483	217	10	in	in	IN
12483	217	11	terms	term	NNS
12483	217	12	of	of	IN
12483	217	13	performance	performance	NN
12483	217	14	across	across	IN
12483	217	15	the	the	DT
12483	217	16	models	model	NNS
12483	217	17	.	.	.
12483	218	1	In	in	IN
12483	218	2	almost	almost	RB
12483	218	3	all	all	DT
12483	218	4	models	model	NNS
12483	218	5	,	,	,
12483	218	6	the	the	DT
12483	218	7	combination	combination	NN
12483	218	8	of	of	IN
12483	218	9	unigram+bigram	unigram+bigram	NNP
12483	218	10	and	and	CC
12483	218	11	optimized	optimize	VBN
12483	218	12	features	feature	NNS
12483	218	13	sets	set	NNS
12483	218	14	(	(	-LRB-
12483	218	15	FOpt	FOpt	NNP
12483	218	16	)	)	-RRB-
12483	218	17	gives	give	VBZ
12483	218	18	better	well	JJR
12483	218	19	results	result	NNS
12483	218	20	than	than	IN
12483	218	21	the	the	DT
12483	218	22	other	other	JJ
12483	218	23	combinations	combination	NNS
12483	218	24	.	.	.
12483	219	1	The	the	DT
12483	219	2	ExtraTree	ExtraTree	NNP
12483	219	3	Classifier	Classifier	NNP
12483	219	4	model	model	NN
12483	219	5	is	be	VBZ
12483	219	6	chosen	choose	VBN
12483	219	7	as	as	IN
12483	219	8	the	the	DT
12483	219	9	best	good	JJS
12483	219	10	due	due	JJ
12483	219	11	to	to	IN
12483	219	12	its	-PRON-	PRP$
12483	219	13	higher	high	JJR
12483	219	14	performance	performance	NN
12483	219	15	.	.	.
12483	220	1	This	this	DT
12483	220	2	model	model	NN
12483	220	3	is	be	VBZ
12483	220	4	also	also	RB
12483	220	5	known	know	VBN
12483	220	6	as	as	IN
12483	220	7	Extremely	extremely	RB
12483	220	8	Randomized	randomized	JJ
12483	220	9	Trees	tree	NNS
12483	220	10	Classifier	Classifier	NNP
12483	220	11	which	which	WDT
12483	220	12	is	be	VBZ
12483	220	13	a	a	DT
12483	220	14	type	type	NN
12483	220	15	of	of	IN
12483	220	16	ensemble	ensemble	JJ
12483	220	17	learning	learning	NN
12483	220	18	technique	technique	NN
12483	220	19	aggregating	aggregate	VBG
12483	220	20	the	the	DT
12483	220	21	results	result	NNS
12483	220	22	of	of	IN
12483	220	23	multiple	multiple	JJ
12483	220	24	decision	decision	NN
12483	220	25	trees	tree	NNS
12483	220	26	collected	collect	VBN
12483	220	27	in	in	IN
12483	220	28	a	a	DT
12483	220	29	“	"	``
12483	220	30	forest	forest	NN
12483	220	31	”	"	''
12483	220	32	to	to	TO
12483	220	33	output	output	VB
12483	220	34	its	-PRON-	PRP$
12483	220	35	classification	classification	NN
12483	220	36	result	result	NN
12483	220	37	.	.	.
12483	221	1	It	-PRON-	PRP
12483	221	2	is	be	VBZ
12483	221	3	very	very	RB
12483	221	4	similar	similar	JJ
12483	221	5	to	to	IN
12483	221	6	Random	Random	NNP
12483	221	7	Forest	Forest	NNP
12483	221	8	Classifier	Classifier	NNP
12483	221	9	and	and	CC
12483	221	10	only	only	RB
12483	221	11	differs	differ	VBZ
12483	221	12	in	in	IN
12483	221	13	the	the	DT
12483	221	14	manner	manner	NN
12483	221	15	of	of	IN
12483	221	16	construction	construction	NN
12483	221	17	of	of	IN
12483	221	18	the	the	DT
12483	221	19	decision	decision	NN
12483	221	20	trees	tree	NNS
12483	221	21	.	.	.
12483	222	1	So	so	CC
12483	222	2	,	,	,
12483	222	3	we	-PRON-	PRP
12483	222	4	can	can	MD
12483	222	5	also	also	RB
12483	222	6	see	see	VB
12483	222	7	closer	close	JJR
12483	222	8	results	result	NNS
12483	222	9	between	between	IN
12483	222	10	these	these	DT
12483	222	11	two	two	CD
12483	222	12	classifiers	classifier	NNS
12483	222	13	.	.	.
12483	223	1	Table	table	NN
12483	223	2	3	3	CD
12483	223	3	.	.	.
12483	224	1	Results	result	NNS
12483	224	2	.	.	.
12483	225	1	Evaluation	evaluation	NN
12483	225	2	results	result	NNS
12483	225	3	of	of	IN
12483	225	4	all	all	DT
12483	225	5	combinations	combination	NNS
12483	225	6	of	of	IN
12483	225	7	features	feature	NNS
12483	225	8	and	and	CC
12483	225	9	classification	classification	NN
12483	225	10	models	model	NNS
12483	225	11	.	.	.
12483	226	1	Model	model	NN
12483	226	2	Feature	feature	NN
12483	226	3	Sets	set	NNS
12483	226	4	Precision%(0,1	precision%(0,1	IN
12483	226	5	)	)	-RRB-
12483	226	6	Recall%(0,1	Recall%(0,1	NFP
12483	226	7	)	)	-RRB-
12483	226	8	Accurac	Accurac	NNP
12483	226	9	y	y	NNP
12483	226	10	F1Scor	f1scor	NN
12483	226	11	e	e	NNP
12483	226	12	Set1	Set1	NNP
12483	226	13	93.32	93.32	CD
12483	226	14	93.96	93.96	CD
12483	226	15	93.92	93.92	CD
12483	226	16	93.3	93.3	CD
12483	226	17	6	6	CD
12483	226	18	93.64	93.64	CD
12483	226	19	93.62	93.62	CD
12483	226	20	Gaussian	Gaussian	NNP
12483	226	21	Naive	Naive	NNP
12483	226	22	Bayes	Bayes	NNP
12483	226	23	Set2	set2	NN
12483	226	24	93.37	93.37	CD
12483	226	25	94.02	94.02	CD
12483	226	26	93.98	93.98	CD
12483	226	27	93.4	93.4	CD
12483	226	28	2	2	CD
12483	226	29	93.70	93.70	CD
12483	226	30	93.68	93.68	CD
12483	226	31	Set3	set3	CD
12483	226	32	93.95	93.95	CD
12483	226	33	94.21	94.21	CD
12483	226	34	94.19	94.19	CD
12483	226	35	93.9	93.9	CD
12483	226	36	7	7	CD
12483	226	37	94.08	94.08	CD
12483	226	38	94.07	94.07	CD
12483	226	39	Set1	set1	CD
12483	226	40	93.70	93.70	CD
12483	226	41	93.50	93.50	CD
12483	226	42	93.52	93.52	CD
12483	226	43	93.6	93.6	CD
12483	226	44	9	9	CD
12483	226	45	93.60	93.60	CD
12483	226	46	93.61	93.61	CD
12483	226	47	K	K	NNP
12483	226	48	-	-	HYPH
12483	226	49	Nearest	Nearest	NNP
12483	226	50	Neighbour	Neighbour	NNP
12483	226	51	Set2	Set2	NNP
12483	226	52	93.66	93.66	CD
12483	226	53	94.05	94.05	CD
12483	226	54	94.03	94.03	CD
12483	226	55	93.6	93.6	CD
12483	226	56	8	8	CD
12483	226	57	93.85	93.85	CD
12483	226	58	93.84	93.84	CD
12483	226	59	Set3	set3	CD
12483	226	60	94.42	94.42	CD
12483	226	61	94.21	94.21	CD
12483	226	62	94.22	94.22	CD
12483	226	63	94.4	94.4	CD
12483	226	64	1	1	CD
12483	226	65	94.31	94.31	CD
12483	226	66	94.32	94.32	CD
12483	226	67	Set1	Set1	NNP
12483	226	68	94.15	94.15	CD
12483	226	69	94.92	94.92	CD
12483	226	70	94.88	94.88	CD
12483	226	71	94.1	94.1	CD
12483	226	72	9	9	CD
12483	226	73	94.53	94.53	CD
12483	226	74	94.51	94.51	CD
12483	226	75	ExtraTrees	ExtraTrees	NNP
12483	226	76	Classifier	Classifier	NNP
12483	226	77	Set2	Set2	NNP
12483	226	78	94.09	94.09	CD
12483	226	79	94.94	94.94	CD
12483	226	80	94.90	94.90	CD
12483	226	81	94.1	94.1	CD
12483	226	82	4	4	CD
12483	226	83	94.51	94.51	CD
12483	226	84	94.49	94.49	CD
12483	226	85	Set3	Set3	NNP
12483	226	86	97.90	97.90	CD
12483	226	87	95.72	95.72	CD
12483	226	88	95.81	95.81	CD
12483	226	89	97.8	97.8	CD
12483	226	90	6	6	CD
12483	226	91	96.81	96.81	CD
12483	226	92	96.85	96.85	CD
12483	226	93	Set1	set1	CD
12483	226	94	89.61	89.61	CD
12483	226	95	88.92	88.92	CD
12483	226	96	88.99	88.99	CD
12483	226	97	89.5	89.5	CD
12483	226	98	4	4	CD
12483	226	99	89.26	89.26	CD
12483	226	100	89.30	89.30	CD
12483	226	101	Support	Support	NNP
12483	226	102	Vector	Vector	NNP
12483	226	103	Machine	Machine	NNP
12483	226	104	Set2	Set2	NNP
12483	226	105	89.70	89.70	CD
12483	226	106	88.96	88.96	CD
12483	226	107	89.04	89.04	CD
12483	226	108	89.6	89.6	CD
12483	226	109	2	2	CD
12483	226	110	89.33	89.33	CD
12483	226	111	89.37	89.37	CD
12483	226	112	Set3	set3	CD
12483	226	113	90.85	90.85	CD
12483	226	114	91.26	91.26	CD
12483	226	115	91.22	91.22	CD
12483	226	116	90.8	90.8	CD
12483	226	117	9	9	CD
12483	226	118	91.05	91.05	CD
12483	226	119	91.03	91.03	CD
12483	226	120	Set1	set1	CD
12483	226	121	91.56	91.56	CD
12483	226	122	92.28	92.28	CD
12483	226	123	92.23	92.23	CD
12483	226	124	91.6	91.6	CD
12483	226	125	2	2	CD
12483	226	126	91.92	91.92	CD
12483	226	127	91.89	91.89	CD
12483	226	128	Logistic	Logistic	NNP
12483	226	129	Regression	Regression	NNP
12483	226	130	Set2	Set2	NNP
12483	226	131	91.50	91.50	CD
12483	226	132	92.28	92.28	CD
12483	226	133	92.22	92.22	CD
12483	226	134	91.5	91.5	CD
12483	226	135	6	6	CD
12483	226	136	91.89	91.89	CD
12483	226	137	91.86	91.86	CD
12483	226	138	Set3	Set3	NNP
12483	226	139	92.25	92.25	CD
12483	226	140	92.90	92.90	CD
12483	226	141	92.86	92.86	CD
12483	226	142	92.3	92.3	CD
12483	226	143	0	0	CD
12483	226	144	92.57	92.57	CD
12483	226	145	92.55	92.55	CD
12483	226	146	Set1	set1	CD
12483	226	147	93.71	93.71	CD
12483	226	148	94.44	94.44	CD
12483	226	149	94.40	94.40	CD
12483	226	150	93.7	93.7	CD
12483	226	151	5	5	CD
12483	226	152	94.07	94.07	CD
12483	226	153	94.05	94.05	CD
12483	226	154	Random	Random	NNP
12483	226	155	Forest	Forest	NNP
12483	226	156	Set2	Set2	NNP
12483	226	157	93.87	93.87	CD
12483	226	158	95.00	95.00	CD
12483	226	159	94.94	94.94	CD
12483	226	160	93.9	93.9	CD
12483	226	161	4	4	CD
12483	226	162	94.44	94.44	CD
12483	226	163	94.41	94.41	CD
12483	226	164	Set3	set3	CD
12483	226	165	94.77	94.77	CD
12483	226	166	95.14	95.14	CD
12483	226	167	95.12	95.12	CD
12483	226	168	94.7	94.7	CD
12483	226	169	9	9	CD
12483	226	170	94.96	94.96	CD
12483	226	171	94.95	94.95	CD
12483	226	172	Set1	set1	CD
12483	226	173	93.95	93.95	CD
12483	226	174	94.59	94.59	CD
12483	226	175	94.56	94.56	CD
12483	226	176	93.9	93.9	CD
12483	226	177	9	9	CD
12483	226	178	94.27	94.27	CD
12483	226	179	94.25	94.25	CD
12483	226	180	Decision	Decision	NNP
12483	226	181	Trees	Trees	NNP
12483	226	182	Set2	Set2	NNP
12483	226	183	94.05	94.05	CD
12483	226	184	95.08	95.08	CD
12483	226	185	95.03	95.03	CD
12483	226	186	94.1	94.1	CD
12483	226	187	1	1	CD
12483	226	188	94.57	94.57	CD
12483	226	189	94.54	94.54	CD
12483	226	190	Set3	Set3	NNP
12483	226	191	94.94	94.94	CD
12483	226	192	95.24	95.24	CD
12483	226	193	95.23	95.23	CD
12483	226	194	94.9	94.9	CD
12483	226	195	5	5	CD
12483	226	196	95.09	95.09	CD
12483	226	197	95.08	95.08	CD
12483	226	198	INFORMATION	INFORMATION	NNP
12483	226	199	TECHNOLOGY	technology	NN
12483	226	200	AND	and	CC
12483	226	201	LIBRARIES	library	NNS
12483	226	202	DECEMBER	DECEMBER	NNP
12483	226	203	2020	2020	CD
12483	226	204	AUTOMATED	AUTOMATED	NNP
12483	226	205	FAKE	FAKE	NNP
12483	226	206	NEWS	NEWS	NNP
12483	226	207	DETECTION	detection	VB
12483	226	208	IN	in	IN
12483	226	209	THE	the	DT
12483	226	210	AGE	AGE	NNP
12483	226	211	OF	of	IN
12483	226	212	DIGITAL	DIGITAL	NNP
12483	226	213	LIBRARIES	library	NNS
12483	226	214	|	|	NNP
12483	226	215	MERTOĞLU	MERTOĞLU	NNS
12483	226	216	AND	and	CC
12483	226	217	GENÇ	genç	VBP
12483	226	218	15	15	CD
12483	226	219	Every	every	DT
12483	226	220	ADS	ads	NN
12483	226	221	in	in	IN
12483	226	222	GLIS_1.0	glis_1.0	CD
12483	226	223	framework	framework	NN
12483	226	224	may	may	MD
12483	226	225	use	use	VB
12483	226	226	its	-PRON-	PRP$
12483	226	227	own	own	JJ
12483	226	228	way	way	NN
12483	226	229	to	to	TO
12483	226	230	detect	detect	VB
12483	226	231	fake	fake	JJ
12483	226	232	news	news	NN
12483	226	233	.	.	.
12483	227	1	The	the	DT
12483	227	2	open	open	JJ
12483	227	3	source	source	NN
12483	227	4	ADS	ADS	NNP
12483	227	5	may	may	MD
12483	227	6	improve	improve	VB
12483	227	7	with	with	IN
12483	227	8	feedbacks	feedback	NNS
12483	227	9	.	.	.
12483	228	1	Hybrid	hybrid	JJ
12483	228	2	models	model	NNS
12483	228	3	and	and	CC
12483	228	4	other	other	JJ
12483	228	5	techniques	technique	NNS
12483	228	6	such	such	JJ
12483	228	7	as	as	IN
12483	228	8	neural	neural	JJ
12483	228	9	networks	network	NNS
12483	228	10	with	with	IN
12483	228	11	deep	deep	JJ
12483	228	12	learning	learning	NN
12483	228	13	methodology	methodology	NN
12483	228	14	can	can	MD
12483	228	15	also	also	RB
12483	228	16	be	be	VB
12483	228	17	used	use	VBN
12483	228	18	according	accord	VBG
12483	228	19	to	to	IN
12483	228	20	the	the	DT
12483	228	21	data	data	NN
12483	228	22	,	,	,
12483	228	23	language	language	NN
12483	228	24	of	of	IN
12483	228	25	news	news	NN
12483	228	26	and	and	CC
12483	228	27	the	the	DT
12483	228	28	news	news	NN
12483	228	29	features	feature	VBZ
12483	228	30	related	relate	VBN
12483	228	31	with	with	IN
12483	228	32	both	both	CC
12483	228	33	social	social	JJ
12483	228	34	context	context	NN
12483	228	35	and	and	CC
12483	228	36	news	news	NN
12483	228	37	content	content	NN
12483	228	38	.	.	.
12483	229	1	CONCLUSION	conclusion	NN
12483	229	2	AND	and	CC
12483	229	3	FUTURE	future	NN
12483	229	4	WORK	work	VBP
12483	229	5	In	in	IN
12483	229	6	this	this	DT
12483	229	7	study	study	NN
12483	229	8	we	-PRON-	PRP
12483	229	9	presented	present	VBD
12483	229	10	a	a	DT
12483	229	11	novel	novel	JJ
12483	229	12	framework	framework	NN
12483	229	13	which	which	WDT
12483	229	14	offers	offer	VBZ
12483	229	15	a	a	DT
12483	229	16	practical	practical	JJ
12483	229	17	architecture	architecture	NN
12483	229	18	of	of	IN
12483	229	19	an	an	DT
12483	229	20	integrated	integrated	JJ
12483	229	21	system	system	NN
12483	229	22	for	for	IN
12483	229	23	identifying	identify	VBG
12483	229	24	fake	fake	JJ
12483	229	25	news	news	NN
12483	229	26	.	.	.
12483	230	1	We	-PRON-	PRP
12483	230	2	have	have	VBP
12483	230	3	tried	try	VBN
12483	230	4	to	to	TO
12483	230	5	illustrate	illustrate	VB
12483	230	6	how	how	WRB
12483	230	7	digital	digital	JJ
12483	230	8	libraries	library	NNS
12483	230	9	can	can	MD
12483	230	10	be	be	VB
12483	230	11	a	a	DT
12483	230	12	service	service	NN
12483	230	13	authority	authority	NN
12483	230	14	to	to	TO
12483	230	15	promote	promote	VB
12483	230	16	media	medium	NNS
12483	230	17	literacy	literacy	NN
12483	230	18	and	and	CC
12483	230	19	fight	fight	VB
12483	230	20	against	against	IN
12483	230	21	fake	fake	JJ
12483	230	22	news	news	NN
12483	230	23	.	.	.
12483	231	1	Because	because	IN
12483	231	2	librarians	librarian	NNS
12483	231	3	are	be	VBP
12483	231	4	trained	train	VBN
12483	231	5	to	to	TO
12483	231	6	critically	critically	RB
12483	231	7	analyze	analyze	VB
12483	231	8	information	information	NN
12483	231	9	sources	source	NNS
12483	231	10	,	,	,
12483	231	11	their	-PRON-	PRP$
12483	231	12	contributions	contribution	NNS
12483	231	13	to	to	IN
12483	231	14	our	-PRON-	PRP$
12483	231	15	proposed	propose	VBN
12483	231	16	model	model	NN
12483	231	17	are	be	VBP
12483	231	18	critical	critical	JJ
12483	231	19	.	.	.
12483	232	1	Accordingly	accordingly	RB
12483	232	2	,	,	,
12483	232	3	we	-PRON-	PRP
12483	232	4	see	see	VBP
12483	232	5	this	this	DT
12483	232	6	work	work	NN
12483	232	7	as	as	IN
12483	232	8	an	an	DT
12483	232	9	encouraging	encouraging	JJ
12483	232	10	effort	effort	NN
12483	232	11	for	for	IN
12483	232	12	the	the	DT
12483	232	13	next	next	JJ
12483	232	14	collaborative	collaborative	JJ
12483	232	15	studies	study	NNS
12483	232	16	among	among	IN
12483	232	17	the	the	DT
12483	232	18	communities	community	NNS
12483	232	19	of	of	IN
12483	232	20	LIS	LIS	NNP
12483	232	21	and	and	CC
12483	232	22	CS	CS	NNP
12483	232	23	(	(	-LRB-
12483	232	24	computer	computer	NN
12483	232	25	science	science	NN
12483	232	26	)	)	-RRB-
12483	232	27	.	.	.
12483	233	1	We	-PRON-	PRP
12483	233	2	think	think	VBP
12483	233	3	that	that	IN
12483	233	4	there	there	EX
12483	233	5	is	be	VBZ
12483	233	6	an	an	DT
12483	233	7	immediate	immediate	JJ
12483	233	8	need	need	NN
12483	233	9	for	for	IN
12483	233	10	LIS	LIS	NNP
12483	233	11	professionals	professional	NNS
12483	233	12	to	to	TO
12483	233	13	participate	participate	VB
12483	233	14	and	and	CC
12483	233	15	contribute	contribute	VB
12483	233	16	to	to	IN
12483	233	17	automated	automate	VBN
12483	233	18	solutions	solution	NNS
12483	233	19	that	that	WDT
12483	233	20	can	can	MD
12483	233	21	help	help	VB
12483	233	22	detecting	detect	VBG
12483	233	23	inaccurate	inaccurate	JJ
12483	233	24	and	and	CC
12483	233	25	unverified	unverified	JJ
12483	233	26	information	information	NN
12483	233	27	.	.	.
12483	234	1	In	in	IN
12483	234	2	the	the	DT
12483	234	3	same	same	JJ
12483	234	4	manner	manner	NN
12483	234	5	,	,	,
12483	234	6	we	-PRON-	PRP
12483	234	7	believe	believe	VBP
12483	234	8	the	the	DT
12483	234	9	collaboration	collaboration	NN
12483	234	10	of	of	IN
12483	234	11	LIS	LIS	NNP
12483	234	12	professionals	professional	NNS
12483	234	13	,	,	,
12483	234	14	computer	computer	NN
12483	234	15	scientists	scientist	NNS
12483	234	16	,	,	,
12483	234	17	fact	fact	NN
12483	234	18	-	-	HYPH
12483	234	19	checking	check	VBG
12483	234	20	organizations	organization	NNS
12483	234	21	,	,	,
12483	234	22	and	and	CC
12483	234	23	pioneering	pioneer	VBG
12483	234	24	technology	technology	NN
12483	234	25	platforms	platform	NNS
12483	234	26	is	be	VBZ
12483	234	27	the	the	DT
12483	234	28	key	key	NN
12483	234	29	to	to	TO
12483	234	30	provide	provide	VB
12483	234	31	qualified	qualified	JJ
12483	234	32	news	news	NN
12483	234	33	within	within	IN
12483	234	34	a	a	DT
12483	234	35	real	real	JJ
12483	234	36	-	-	HYPH
12483	234	37	time	time	NN
12483	234	38	framework	framework	NN
12483	234	39	to	to	TO
12483	234	40	promote	promote	VB
12483	234	41	information	information	NN
12483	234	42	literacy	literacy	NN
12483	234	43	.	.	.
12483	235	1	Moreover	moreover	RB
12483	235	2	,	,	,
12483	235	3	we	-PRON-	PRP
12483	235	4	put	put	VBD
12483	235	5	the	the	DT
12483	235	6	reader	reader	NN
12483	235	7	at	at	IN
12483	235	8	the	the	DT
12483	235	9	core	core	NN
12483	235	10	of	of	IN
12483	235	11	the	the	DT
12483	235	12	framework	framework	NN
12483	235	13	as	as	IN
12483	235	14	the	the	DT
12483	235	15	feed	feed	NN
12483	235	16	reader	reader	NN
12483	235	17	position	position	NN
12483	235	18	while	while	IN
12483	235	19	consuming	consume	VBG
12483	235	20	news	news	NN
12483	235	21	.	.	.
12483	236	1	In	in	IN
12483	236	2	terms	term	NNS
12483	236	3	of	of	IN
12483	236	4	automated	automate	VBN
12483	236	5	detection	detection	NN
12483	236	6	systems	system	NNS
12483	236	7	,	,	,
12483	236	8	we	-PRON-	PRP
12483	236	9	proposed	propose	VBD
12483	236	10	a	a	DT
12483	236	11	fake	fake	JJ
12483	236	12	news	news	NN
12483	236	13	detection	detection	NN
12483	236	14	model	model	NN
12483	236	15	in	in	IN
12483	236	16	tegration	tegration	NN
12483	236	17	of	of	IN
12483	236	18	dictionary	dictionary	NNP
12483	236	19	-	-	HYPH
12483	236	20	based	base	VBN
12483	236	21	approach	approach	NN
12483	236	22	and	and	CC
12483	236	23	machine	machine	NN
12483	236	24	learning	learning	NN
12483	236	25	techniques	technique	NNS
12483	236	26	offering	offer	VBG
12483	236	27	optimized	optimize	VBN
12483	236	28	feature	feature	NN
12483	236	29	sets	set	NNS
12483	236	30	applicable	applicable	JJ
12483	236	31	to	to	IN
12483	236	32	agglutinative	agglutinative	JJ
12483	236	33	languages	language	NNS
12483	236	34	.	.	.
12483	237	1	We	-PRON-	PRP
12483	237	2	comparatively	comparatively	RB
12483	237	3	analyzed	analyze	VBD
12483	237	4	the	the	DT
12483	237	5	findings	finding	NNS
12483	237	6	with	with	IN
12483	237	7	several	several	JJ
12483	237	8	classification	classification	NN
12483	237	9	models	model	NNS
12483	237	10	.	.	.
12483	238	1	We	-PRON-	PRP
12483	238	2	demonstrated	demonstrate	VBD
12483	238	3	that	that	DT
12483	238	4	machine	machine	NN
12483	238	5	learning	learn	VBG
12483	238	6	algorithms	algorithm	NNS
12483	238	7	when	when	WRB
12483	238	8	used	use	VBN
12483	238	9	together	together	RB
12483	238	10	with	with	IN
12483	238	11	dictionary	dictionary	NNP
12483	238	12	-	-	HYPH
12483	238	13	based	base	VBN
12483	238	14	findings	finding	NNS
12483	238	15	yield	yield	VBP
12483	238	16	high	high	JJ
12483	238	17	scores	score	NNS
12483	238	18	both	both	DT
12483	238	19	for	for	IN
12483	238	20	precision	precision	NN
12483	238	21	and	and	CC
12483	238	22	recall	recall	NN
12483	238	23	.	.	.
12483	239	1	Consequently	consequently	RB
12483	239	2	,	,	,
12483	239	3	we	-PRON-	PRP
12483	239	4	believe	believe	VBP
12483	239	5	once	once	RB
12483	239	6	operational	operational	JJ
12483	239	7	in	in	IN
12483	239	8	the	the	DT
12483	239	9	field	field	NN
12483	239	10	,	,	,
12483	239	11	proposed	propose	VBN
12483	239	12	workflow	workflow	NN
12483	239	13	can	can	MD
12483	239	14	be	be	VB
12483	239	15	extended	extend	VBN
12483	239	16	in	in	IN
12483	239	17	the	the	DT
12483	239	18	future	future	NN
12483	239	19	to	to	TO
12483	239	20	support	support	VB
12483	239	21	other	other	JJ
12483	239	22	news	news	NN
12483	239	23	elements	element	NNS
12483	239	24	such	such	JJ
12483	239	25	as	as	IN
12483	239	26	photographs	photograph	NNS
12483	239	27	and	and	CC
12483	239	28	videos	video	NNS
12483	239	29	.	.	.
12483	240	1	With	with	IN
12483	240	2	the	the	DT
12483	240	3	help	help	NN
12483	240	4	of	of	IN
12483	240	5	Social	Social	NNP
12483	240	6	Network	Network	NNP
12483	240	7	Analysis	Analysis	NNP
12483	240	8	(	(	-LRB-
12483	240	9	SNA	SNA	NNP
12483	240	10	)	)	-RRB-
12483	240	11	it	-PRON-	PRP
12483	240	12	may	may	MD
12483	240	13	be	be	VB
12483	240	14	possible	possible	JJ
12483	240	15	to	to	TO
12483	240	16	stop	stop	VB
12483	240	17	or	or	CC
12483	240	18	slow	slow	VB
12483	240	19	down	down	RP
12483	240	20	the	the	DT
12483	240	21	spread	spread	NN
12483	240	22	of	of	IN
12483	240	23	fake	fake	JJ
12483	240	24	news	news	NN
12483	240	25	as	as	IN
12483	240	26	it	-PRON-	PRP
12483	240	27	emerges	emerge	VBZ
12483	240	28	.	.	.
12483	241	1	During	during	IN
12483	241	2	all	all	PDT
12483	241	3	the	the	DT
12483	241	4	experiments	experiment	NNS
12483	241	5	we	-PRON-	PRP
12483	241	6	did	do	VBD
12483	241	7	,	,	,
12483	241	8	this	this	DT
12483	241	9	work	work	NN
12483	241	10	also	also	RB
12483	241	11	highlighted	highlight	VBD
12483	241	12	several	several	JJ
12483	241	13	tasks	task	NNS
12483	241	14	as	as	IN
12483	241	15	future	future	JJ
12483	241	16	research	research	NN
12483	241	17	directions	direction	NNS
12483	241	18	such	such	JJ
12483	241	19	as	as	IN
12483	241	20	:	:	:
12483	241	21	•	•	VB
12483	241	22	The	the	DT
12483	241	23	studies	study	NNS
12483	241	24	can	can	MD
12483	241	25	be	be	VB
12483	241	26	deepened	deepen	VBN
12483	241	27	to	to	TO
12483	241	28	mathematically	mathematically	RB
12483	241	29	categorize	categorize	VB
12483	241	30	the	the	DT
12483	241	31	fake	fake	JJ
12483	241	32	news	news	NN
12483	241	33	types	type	NNS
12483	241	34	and	and	CC
12483	241	35	the	the	DT
12483	241	36	dissemination	dissemination	NN
12483	241	37	characteristics	characteristic	NNS
12483	241	38	of	of	IN
12483	241	39	each	each	DT
12483	241	40	type	type	NN
12483	241	41	can	can	MD
12483	241	42	be	be	VB
12483	241	43	analyzed	analyze	VBN
12483	241	44	.	.	.
12483	242	1	•	•	VB
12483	242	2	The	the	DT
12483	242	3	workflow	workflow	NN
12483	242	4	has	have	VBZ
12483	242	5	the	the	DT
12483	242	6	potential	potential	NN
12483	242	7	to	to	TO
12483	242	8	provide	provide	VB
12483	242	9	an	an	DT
12483	242	10	automated	automate	VBN
12483	242	11	verification	verification	NN
12483	242	12	platform	platform	NN
12483	242	13	for	for	IN
12483	242	14	all	all	DT
12483	242	15	news	news	NN
12483	242	16	content	content	NN
12483	242	17	existing	exist	VBG
12483	242	18	in	in	IN
12483	242	19	digital	digital	JJ
12483	242	20	libraries	library	NNS
12483	242	21	to	to	TO
12483	242	22	promote	promote	VB
12483	242	23	media	medium	NNS
12483	242	24	literacy	literacy	NN
12483	242	25	.	.	.
12483	243	1	ENDNOTES	endnotes	NN
12483	243	2	1	1	CD
12483	243	3	M.	M.	NNP
12483	243	4	Connor	Connor	NNP
12483	243	5	Sullivan	Sullivan	NNP
12483	243	6	,	,	,
12483	243	7	“	"	``
12483	243	8	Why	why	WRB
12483	243	9	Librarians	Librarians	NNPS
12483	243	10	Ca	can	MD
12483	243	11	n’t	not	RB
12483	243	12	Fight	fight	VB
12483	243	13	Fake	Fake	NNP
12483	243	14	News	News	NNP
12483	243	15	,	,	,
12483	243	16	”	"	''
12483	243	17	Journal	Journal	NNP
12483	243	18	of	of	IN
12483	243	19	Librarianship	Librarianship	NNP
12483	243	20	and	and	CC
12483	243	21	Information	Information	NNP
12483	243	22	Science	Science	NNP
12483	243	23	51	51	CD
12483	243	24	,	,	,
12483	243	25	no	no	UH
12483	243	26	.	.	.
12483	244	1	4	4	LS
12483	244	2	(	(	-LRB-
12483	244	3	December	December	NNP
12483	244	4	2019	2019	CD
12483	244	5	)	)	-RRB-
12483	244	6	:	:	:
12483	244	7	1146–56	1146–56	LS
12483	244	8	,	,	,
12483	244	9	https://doi.org/10.1177/0961000618764258	https://doi.org/10.1177/0961000618764258	UH
12483	244	10	.	.	.
12483	245	1	2	2	LS
12483	245	2	“	"	``
12483	245	3	Definition	definition	NN
12483	245	4	of	of	IN
12483	245	5	'	'	``
12483	245	6	News	News	NNP
12483	245	7	'	'	''
12483	245	8	,	,	,
12483	245	9	”	"	''
12483	245	10	available	available	JJ
12483	245	11	at	at	IN
12483	245	12	:	:	:
12483	245	13	https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/news	https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/news	NNP
12483	245	14	3	3	CD
12483	245	15	Dominic	Dominic	NNP
12483	245	16	DiFranzo	DiFranzo	NNP
12483	245	17	and	and	CC
12483	245	18	Kristine	Kristine	NNP
12483	245	19	Gloria	Gloria	NNP
12483	245	20	-	-	HYPH
12483	245	21	Garcia	Garcia	NNP
12483	245	22	,	,	,
12483	245	23	“	"	``
12483	245	24	Filter	Filter	NNP
12483	245	25	Bubbles	Bubbles	NNPS
12483	245	26	and	and	CC
12483	245	27	Fake	Fake	NNP
12483	245	28	News	News	NNP
12483	245	29	,	,	,
12483	245	30	”	"	''
12483	245	31	XRDS	xrds	NN
12483	245	32	:	:	:
12483	245	33	Crossroads	Crossroads	NNP
12483	245	34	,	,	,
12483	245	35	The	the	DT
12483	245	36	ACM	ACM	NNP
12483	245	37	Magazine	Magazine	NNP
12483	245	38	for	for	IN
12483	245	39	Students	student	NNS
12483	245	40	23	23	CD
12483	245	41	,	,	,
12483	245	42	no	no	UH
12483	245	43	.	.	.
12483	246	1	3	3	LS
12483	246	2	(	(	-LRB-
12483	246	3	April	April	NNP
12483	246	4	2017	2017	CD
12483	246	5	)	)	-RRB-
12483	246	6	:	:	:
12483	246	7	32–35	32–35	LS
12483	246	8	,	,	,
12483	246	9	https://doi.org/10.1145/3055153	https://doi.org/10.1145/3055153	NNP
12483	246	10	.	.	.
12483	247	1	https://doi.org/10.1177/0961000618764258	https://doi.org/10.1177/0961000618764258	NNP
12483	247	2	https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/news	https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/news	NNP
12483	247	3	https://doi.org/10.1145/3055153	https://doi.org/10.1145/3055153	NNP
12483	247	4	INFORMATION	INFORMATION	NNP
12483	247	5	TECHNOLOGY	technology	NN
12483	247	6	AND	and	CC
12483	247	7	LIBRARIES	library	NNS
12483	247	8	DECEMBER	DECEMBER	NNP
12483	247	9	2020	2020	CD
12483	247	10	AUTOMATED	AUTOMATED	NNP
12483	247	11	FAKE	FAKE	NNP
12483	247	12	NEWS	NEWS	NNP
12483	247	13	DETECTION	detection	VB
12483	247	14	IN	in	IN
12483	247	15	THE	the	DT
12483	247	16	AGE	AGE	NNP
12483	247	17	OF	of	IN
12483	247	18	DIGITAL	DIGITAL	NNP
12483	247	19	LIBRARIES	library	NNS
12483	247	20	|	|	NNP
12483	247	21	MERTOĞLU	MERTOĞLU	NNS
12483	247	22	AND	and	CC
12483	247	23	GENÇ	GENÇ	NNP
12483	247	24	16	16	CD
12483	247	25	4	4	CD
12483	247	26	Andrew	Andrew	NNP
12483	247	27	Guess	Guess	NNP
12483	247	28	,	,	,
12483	247	29	Brendan	Brendan	NNP
12483	247	30	Nyhan	Nyhan	NNP
12483	247	31	,	,	,
12483	247	32	and	and	CC
12483	247	33	Jason	Jason	NNP
12483	247	34	Reifler	Reifler	NNP
12483	247	35	,	,	,
12483	247	36	“	"	``
12483	247	37	Selective	selective	JJ
12483	247	38	Exposure	exposure	NN
12483	247	39	to	to	IN
12483	247	40	Misinformation	misinformation	NN
12483	247	41	:	:	:
12483	247	42	Evidence	evidence	NN
12483	247	43	from	from	IN
12483	247	44	the	the	DT
12483	247	45	Consumption	Consumption	NNP
12483	247	46	of	of	IN
12483	247	47	Fake	Fake	NNP
12483	247	48	News	News	NNP
12483	247	49	during	during	IN
12483	247	50	the	the	DT
12483	247	51	2016	2016	CD
12483	247	52	US	US	NNP
12483	247	53	Presidential	Presidential	NNP
12483	247	54	Campaign	Campaign	NNP
12483	247	55	,	,	,
12483	247	56	”	"	''
12483	247	57	European	European	NNP
12483	247	58	Research	Research	NNP
12483	247	59	Council	Council	NNP
12483	247	60	9	9	CD
12483	247	61	,	,	,
12483	247	62	no	no	UH
12483	247	63	.	.	.
12483	248	1	3	3	CD
12483	248	2	(	(	-LRB-
12483	248	3	2018	2018	CD
12483	248	4	)	)	-RRB-
12483	248	5	:	:	:
12483	248	6	4	4	LS
12483	248	7	;	;	:
12483	248	8	Eni	Eni	NNP
12483	248	9	Mustafaraj	Mustafaraj	NNP
12483	248	10	and	and	CC
12483	248	11	P.	P.	NNP
12483	248	12	Takis	Takis	NNP
12483	248	13	Metaxas	Metaxas	NNP
12483	248	14	,	,	,
12483	248	15	“	"	``
12483	248	16	The	the	DT
12483	248	17	Fake	Fake	NNP
12483	248	18	News	News	NNP
12483	248	19	Spreading	Spreading	NNP
12483	248	20	Plague	Plague	NNP
12483	248	21	:	:	:
12483	248	22	Was	be	VBD
12483	248	23	It	-PRON-	PRP
12483	248	24	Preventable	preventable	JJ
12483	248	25	?	?	.
12483	248	26	”	"	''
12483	248	27	Proceedings	proceeding	NNS
12483	248	28	of	of	IN
12483	248	29	the	the	DT
12483	248	30	2017	2017	CD
12483	248	31	ACM	ACM	NNP
12483	248	32	on	on	IN
12483	248	33	Web	Web	NNP
12483	248	34	Science	Science	NNP
12483	248	35	Conference	Conference	NNP
12483	248	36	,	,	,
12483	248	37	(	(	-LRB-
12483	248	38	June	June	NNP
12483	248	39	2017	2017	CD
12483	248	40	)	)	-RRB-
12483	248	41	:	:	:
12483	248	42	235–39	235–39	CD
12483	248	43	,	,	,
12483	248	44	https://doi.org/10.1145/3091478.3091523	https://doi.org/10.1145/3091478.3091523	ADD
12483	248	45	.	.	.
12483	249	1	5	5	CD
12483	249	2	Jana	Jana	NNP
12483	249	3	Laura	Laura	NNP
12483	249	4	Egelhofer	Egelhofer	NNP
12483	249	5	and	and	CC
12483	249	6	Sophie	Sophie	NNP
12483	249	7	Lecheler	Lecheler	NNP
12483	249	8	,	,	,
12483	249	9	“	"	``
12483	249	10	Fake	Fake	NNP
12483	249	11	News	News	NNP
12483	249	12	as	as	IN
12483	249	13	a	a	DT
12483	249	14	Two	two	CD
12483	249	15	-	-	HYPH
12483	249	16	Dimensional	Dimensional	NNP
12483	249	17	Phenomenon	Phenomenon	NNP
12483	249	18	:	:	:
12483	249	19	A	a	DT
12483	249	20	Framework	Framework	NNP
12483	249	21	and	and	CC
12483	249	22	Research	Research	NNP
12483	249	23	Agenda	Agenda	NNP
12483	249	24	,	,	,
12483	249	25	”	"	''
12483	249	26	Annals	Annals	NNPS
12483	249	27	of	of	IN
12483	249	28	the	the	DT
12483	249	29	International	International	NNP
12483	249	30	Communication	Communication	NNP
12483	249	31	Association	Association	NNP
12483	249	32	43	43	CD
12483	249	33	,	,	,
12483	249	34	no	no	UH
12483	249	35	.	.	.
12483	250	1	2	2	CD
12483	250	2	(	(	-LRB-
12483	250	3	2019	2019	CD
12483	250	4	)	)	-RRB-
12483	250	5	:	:	:
12483	250	6	97–116	97–116	CD
12483	250	7	,	,	,
12483	250	8	https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2019.1602782	https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2019.1602782	NNP
12483	250	9	.	.	.
12483	251	1	6	6	CD
12483	251	2	Hannah	Hannah	NNP
12483	251	3	Rashkin	Rashkin	NNP
12483	251	4	et	et	FW
12483	251	5	al	al	NNP
12483	251	6	.	.	NNP
12483	251	7	,	,	,
12483	251	8	“	"	``
12483	251	9	Truth	Truth	NNP
12483	251	10	of	of	IN
12483	251	11	Varying	Varying	NNP
12483	251	12	Shades	shade	NNS
12483	251	13	:	:	:
12483	251	14	Analyzing	analyze	VBG
12483	251	15	Language	Language	NNP
12483	251	16	in	in	IN
12483	251	17	Fake	Fake	NNP
12483	251	18	News	News	NNP
12483	251	19	and	and	CC
12483	251	20	Political	Political	NNP
12483	251	21	Fact	Fact	NNP
12483	251	22	-	-	HYPH
12483	251	23	Checking	Checking	NNP
12483	251	24	,	,	,
12483	251	25	”	"	''
12483	251	26	Proceedings	proceeding	NNS
12483	251	27	of	of	IN
12483	251	28	the	the	DT
12483	251	29	2017	2017	CD
12483	251	30	Conference	Conference	NNP
12483	251	31	on	on	IN
12483	251	32	Empirical	Empirical	NNP
12483	251	33	Methods	Methods	NNPS
12483	251	34	in	in	IN
12483	251	35	Natural	Natural	NNP
12483	251	36	Language	Language	NNP
12483	251	37	Processing	Processing	NNP
12483	251	38	,	,	,
12483	251	39	(	(	-LRB-
12483	251	40	2017	2017	CD
12483	251	41	)	)	-RRB-
12483	251	42	:	:	:
12483	251	43	2931–37	2931–37	LS
12483	251	44	.	.	.
12483	252	1	7	7	CD
12483	252	2	Soroush	soroush	JJ
12483	252	3	Vosoughi	Vosoughi	NNP
12483	252	4	,	,	,
12483	252	5	Deb	Deb	NNP
12483	252	6	Roy	Roy	NNP
12483	252	7	,	,	,
12483	252	8	and	and	CC
12483	252	9	Sinan	Sinan	NNP
12483	252	10	Aral	Aral	NNP
12483	252	11	,	,	,
12483	252	12	“	"	``
12483	252	13	The	the	DT
12483	252	14	Spread	spread	NN
12483	252	15	of	of	IN
12483	252	16	True	true	JJ
12483	252	17	and	and	CC
12483	252	18	False	False	NNP
12483	252	19	News	News	NNP
12483	252	20	Online	Online	NNP
12483	252	21	,	,	,
12483	252	22	”	"	''
12483	252	23	Science	science	NN
12483	252	24	359	359	CD
12483	252	25	,	,	,
12483	252	26	no	no	UH
12483	252	27	.	.	.
12483	253	1	6380	6380	CD
12483	253	2	(	(	-LRB-
12483	253	3	2018	2018	CD
12483	253	4	)	)	-RRB-
12483	253	5	:	:	:
12483	253	6	1146–51	1146–51	LS
12483	253	7	,	,	,
12483	253	8	https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aap9559	https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aap9559	NNP
12483	253	9	.	.	.
12483	254	1	8	8	CD
12483	254	2	Xinyi	Xinyi	NNP
12483	254	3	Zhou	Zhou	NNP
12483	254	4	and	and	CC
12483	254	5	Reza	Reza	NNP
12483	254	6	Zafarani	Zafarani	NNP
12483	254	7	,	,	,
12483	254	8	“	"	``
12483	254	9	A	a	DT
12483	254	10	Survey	Survey	NNP
12483	254	11	of	of	IN
12483	254	12	Fake	Fake	NNP
12483	254	13	News	News	NNP
12483	254	14	:	:	:
12483	254	15	Fundamental	Fundamental	NNP
12483	254	16	Theories	theory	NNS
12483	254	17	,	,	,
12483	254	18	Detection	Detection	NNP
12483	254	19	Methods	Methods	NNPS
12483	254	20	,	,	,
12483	254	21	and	and	CC
12483	254	22	Opportunities	opportunity	NNS
12483	254	23	,	,	,
12483	254	24	”	"	''
12483	254	25	ACM	ACM	NNP
12483	254	26	Computing	Computing	NNP
12483	254	27	Surveys	Surveys	NNP
12483	254	28	(	(	-LRB-
12483	254	29	CSUR	CSUR	NNP
12483	254	30	)	)	-RRB-
12483	254	31	53	53	CD
12483	254	32	,	,	,
12483	254	33	no	no	UH
12483	254	34	.	.	.
12483	255	1	5	5	CD
12483	255	2	(	(	-LRB-
12483	255	3	2020	2020	CD
12483	255	4	)	)	-RRB-
12483	255	5	:	:	:
12483	255	6	1–40	1–40	LS
12483	255	7	,	,	,
12483	255	8	https://doi.org/10.1145/3395046	https://doi.org/10.1145/3395046	UH
12483	255	9	.	.	.
12483	256	1	9	9	CD
12483	256	2	S.	S.	NNP
12483	256	3	F.	F.	NNP
12483	256	4	Kattimani	Kattimani	NNP
12483	256	5	,	,	,
12483	256	6	Praveenkumar	Praveenkumar	NNP
12483	256	7	Kumbargoudar	Kumbargoudar	NNP
12483	256	8	,	,	,
12483	256	9	and	and	CC
12483	256	10	D.	D.	NNP
12483	256	11	S.	S.	NNP
12483	256	12	Gobbur	Gobbur	NNP
12483	256	13	,	,	,
12483	256	14	“	"	``
12483	256	15	Training	training	NN
12483	256	16	of	of	IN
12483	256	17	the	the	DT
12483	256	18	Library	Library	NNP
12483	256	19	Professionals	Professionals	NNPS
12483	256	20	in	in	IN
12483	256	21	Digital	Digital	NNP
12483	256	22	Era	Era	NNP
12483	256	23	:	:	:
12483	256	24	Key	Key	NNP
12483	256	25	Issues	Issues	NNPS
12483	256	26	”	"	''
12483	256	27	(	(	-LRB-
12483	256	28	2006	2006	CD
12483	256	29	)	)	-RRB-
12483	256	30	,	,	,
12483	256	31	https://ir.inflibnet.ac.in:8443/ir/handle/1944/1234	https://ir.inflibnet.ac.in:8443/ir/handle/1944/1234	RB
12483	256	32	.	.	.
12483	257	1	10	10	CD
12483	257	2	Lynn	Lynn	NNP
12483	257	3	Silipigni	Silipigni	NNP
12483	257	4	Connaway	Connaway	NNP
12483	257	5	et	et	NNP
12483	257	6	al	al	NNP
12483	257	7	.	.	NNP
12483	257	8	,	,	,
12483	257	9	“	"	``
12483	257	10	Digital	Digital	NNP
12483	257	11	Literacy	Literacy	NNP
12483	257	12	in	in	IN
12483	257	13	the	the	DT
12483	257	14	Era	Era	NNP
12483	257	15	of	of	IN
12483	257	16	Fake	Fake	NNP
12483	257	17	News	news	NN
12483	257	18	:	:	:
12483	257	19	Key	key	JJ
12483	257	20	Roles	Roles	NNPS
12483	257	21	for	for	IN
12483	257	22	Information	Information	NNP
12483	257	23	Professionals	Professionals	NNPS
12483	257	24	,	,	,
12483	257	25	”	"	''
12483	257	26	Proceedings	proceeding	NNS
12483	257	27	of	of	IN
12483	257	28	the	the	DT
12483	257	29	Association	Association	NNP
12483	257	30	for	for	IN
12483	257	31	Information	Information	NNP
12483	257	32	Science	Science	NNP
12483	257	33	and	and	CC
12483	257	34	Technology	Technology	NNP
12483	257	35	54	54	CD
12483	257	36	,	,	,
12483	257	37	no	no	UH
12483	257	38	.	.	.
12483	258	1	1	1	CD
12483	258	2	(	(	-LRB-
12483	258	3	2017	2017	CD
12483	258	4	)	)	-RRB-
12483	258	5	:	:	:
12483	258	6	554–55	554–55	CD
12483	258	7	,	,	,
12483	258	8	https://doi.org/10.1002/pra2.2017.14505401070	https://doi.org/10.1002/pra2.2017.14505401070	ADD
12483	258	9	.	.	.
12483	259	1	11	11	CD
12483	259	2	Matthew	Matthew	NNP
12483	259	3	C.	C.	NNP
12483	259	4	Sullivan	Sullivan	NNP
12483	259	5	,	,	,
12483	259	6	“	"	``
12483	259	7	Libraries	library	NNS
12483	259	8	and	and	CC
12483	259	9	Fake	Fake	NNP
12483	259	10	News	news	NN
12483	259	11	:	:	:
12483	259	12	What	what	WP
12483	259	13	’s	’	VBZ
12483	259	14	the	the	DT
12483	259	15	Problem	problem	NN
12483	259	16	?	?	.
12483	260	1	What	what	WP
12483	260	2	’s	’	VBZ
12483	260	3	the	the	DT
12483	260	4	Plan	Plan	NNP
12483	260	5	?	?	.
12483	260	6	,	,	,
12483	260	7	”	"	''
12483	260	8	Communications	Communications	NNPS
12483	260	9	in	in	IN
12483	260	10	Information	Information	NNP
12483	260	11	Literacy	Literacy	NNP
12483	260	12	13	13	CD
12483	260	13	,	,	,
12483	260	14	no	no	UH
12483	260	15	.	.	.
12483	261	1	1	1	CD
12483	261	2	(	(	-LRB-
12483	261	3	2019	2019	CD
12483	261	4	)	)	-RRB-
12483	261	5	:	:	:
12483	261	6	91–113	91–113	NNP
12483	261	7	,	,	,
12483	261	8	https://doi.org/10.15760/comminfolit.2019.13.1.7	https://doi.org/10.15760/comminfolit.2019.13.1.7	NNP
12483	261	9	.	.	.
12483	262	1	12	12	CD
12483	262	2	Wayne	Wayne	NNP
12483	262	3	Finley	Finley	NNP
12483	262	4	,	,	,
12483	262	5	Beth	Beth	NNP
12483	262	6	McGowan	McGowan	NNP
12483	262	7	,	,	,
12483	262	8	and	and	CC
12483	262	9	Joanna	Joanna	NNP
12483	262	10	Kluever	Kluever	NNP
12483	262	11	,	,	,
12483	262	12	“	"	``
12483	262	13	Fake	Fake	NNP
12483	262	14	News	News	NNP
12483	262	15	:	:	:
12483	262	16	An	an	DT
12483	262	17	Opportunity	opportunity	NN
12483	262	18	for	for	IN
12483	262	19	Real	real	JJ
12483	262	20	Librarianship	librarianship	NN
12483	262	21	,	,	,
12483	262	22	”	"	''
12483	262	23	ILA	ILA	NNP
12483	262	24	reporter	reporter	NN
12483	262	25	35	35	CD
12483	262	26	,	,	,
12483	262	27	no	no	UH
12483	262	28	.	.	.
12483	263	1	3	3	CD
12483	263	2	(	(	-LRB-
12483	263	3	2017	2017	CD
12483	263	4	)	)	-RRB-
12483	263	5	:	:	:
12483	263	6	8–12	8–12	CD
12483	263	7	;	;	:
12483	263	8	American	American	NNP
12483	263	9	Library	Library	NNP
12483	263	10	Association	Association	NNP
12483	263	11	,	,	,
12483	263	12	“	"	``
12483	263	13	Resolution	resolution	NN
12483	263	14	on	on	IN
12483	263	15	Access	Access	NNP
12483	263	16	to	to	IN
12483	263	17	Accurate	Accurate	NNP
12483	263	18	Information	Information	NNP
12483	263	19	,	,	,
12483	263	20	”	"	''
12483	263	21	2018	2018	CD
12483	263	22	;	;	:
12483	263	23	Nick	Nick	NNP
12483	263	24	Rochlin	Rochlin	NNP
12483	263	25	,	,	,
12483	263	26	“	"	``
12483	263	27	Fake	Fake	NNP
12483	263	28	News	News	NNP
12483	263	29	:	:	:
12483	263	30	Belief	belief	NN
12483	263	31	in	in	IN
12483	263	32	Post	Post	NNP
12483	263	33	-	-	NNP
12483	263	34	Truth	Truth	NNP
12483	263	35	,	,	,
12483	263	36	”	"	''
12483	263	37	Library	library	JJ
12483	263	38	Hi	Hi	NNP
12483	263	39	Tech	Tech	NNP
12483	263	40	35	35	CD
12483	263	41	,	,	,
12483	263	42	no	no	UH
12483	263	43	.	.	.
12483	264	1	3	3	CD
12483	264	2	(	(	-LRB-
12483	264	3	2017	2017	CD
12483	264	4	)	)	-RRB-
12483	264	5	:	:	:
12483	264	6	386–92	386–92	CD
12483	264	7	,	,	,
12483	264	8	https://doi.org/10.1108/LHT-03-2017-0062	https://doi.org/10.1108/LHT-03-2017-0062	NNS
12483	264	9	;	;	:
12483	264	10	Linda	Linda	NNP
12483	264	11	Jacobson	Jacobson	NNP
12483	264	12	,	,	,
12483	264	13	“	"	``
12483	264	14	The	the	DT
12483	264	15	Smell	Smell	NNP
12483	264	16	Test	test	NN
12483	264	17	:	:	:
12483	264	18	In	in	IN
12483	264	19	the	the	DT
12483	264	20	Era	Era	NNP
12483	264	21	of	of	IN
12483	264	22	Fake	Fake	NNP
12483	264	23	News	News	NNP
12483	264	24	,	,	,
12483	264	25	Librarians	Librarians	NNPS
12483	264	26	Are	be	VBP
12483	264	27	Our	-PRON-	PRP$
12483	264	28	Best	good	JJS
12483	264	29	Hope	hope	NN
12483	264	30	,	,	,
12483	264	31	”	"	''
12483	264	32	School	School	NNP
12483	264	33	Library	Library	NNP
12483	264	34	Journal	Journal	NNP
12483	264	35	63	63	CD
12483	264	36	,	,	,
12483	264	37	no	no	UH
12483	264	38	.	.	.
12483	265	1	1	1	CD
12483	265	2	(	(	-LRB-
12483	265	3	2017	2017	CD
12483	265	4	)	)	-RRB-
12483	265	5	:	:	:
12483	265	6	24–29	24–29	LS
12483	265	7	;	;	:
12483	265	8	Angeleen	Angeleen	NNP
12483	265	9	Neely	neely	RB
12483	265	10	–	–	:
12483	265	11	Sardon	Sardon	NNP
12483	265	12	,	,	,
12483	265	13	and	and	CC
12483	265	14	Mia	Mia	NNP
12483	265	15	Tignor	Tignor	NNP
12483	265	16	,	,	,
12483	265	17	“	"	``
12483	265	18	Focus	focus	VB
12483	265	19	on	on	IN
12483	265	20	the	the	DT
12483	265	21	Facts	fact	NNS
12483	265	22	:	:	:
12483	265	23	A	A	NNP
12483	265	24	News	News	NNP
12483	265	25	and	and	CC
12483	265	26	Information	Information	NNP
12483	265	27	Literacy	Literacy	NNP
12483	265	28	Instructional	Instructional	NNP
12483	265	29	Program	Program	NNP
12483	265	30	,	,	,
12483	265	31	”	"	''
12483	265	32	The	the	DT
12483	265	33	Reference	Reference	NNP
12483	265	34	Librarian	Librarian	NNP
12483	265	35	59	59	CD
12483	265	36	,	,	,
12483	265	37	no	no	UH
12483	265	38	.	.	.
12483	266	1	3	3	CD
12483	266	2	(	(	-LRB-
12483	266	3	2018	2018	CD
12483	266	4	)	)	-RRB-
12483	266	5	:	:	:
12483	266	6	108–21	108–21	CD
12483	266	7	,	,	,
12483	266	8	https://doi.org	https://doi.org	CD
12483	266	9	/10.1080/02763877.2018.1468849	/10.1080/02763877.2018.1468849	.
12483	266	10	;	;	:
12483	266	11	Claire	Claire	NNP
12483	266	12	Wardle	Wardle	NNP
12483	266	13	and	and	CC
12483	266	14	Hossein	Hossein	NNP
12483	266	15	Derakhshan	Derakhshan	NNP
12483	266	16	,	,	,
12483	266	17	“	"	``
12483	266	18	Information	Information	NNP
12483	266	19	Disorder	Disorder	NNP
12483	266	20	:	:	:
12483	266	21	Toward	toward	IN
12483	266	22	an	an	DT
12483	266	23	Interdisciplinary	Interdisciplinary	NNP
12483	266	24	Framework	Framework	NNP
12483	266	25	for	for	IN
12483	266	26	Research	Research	NNP
12483	266	27	and	and	CC
12483	266	28	Policy	Policy	NNP
12483	266	29	Making	Making	NNP
12483	266	30	,	,	,
12483	266	31	”	"	''
12483	266	32	Council	Council	NNP
12483	266	33	of	of	IN
12483	266	34	Europe	Europe	NNP
12483	266	35	report	report	VBP
12483	266	36	27	27	CD
12483	266	37	(	(	-LRB-
12483	266	38	2017	2017	CD
12483	266	39	)	)	-RRB-
12483	266	40	.	.	.
12483	267	1	13	13	CD
12483	267	2	IFLA	ifla	NN
12483	267	3	,	,	,
12483	267	4	“	"	``
12483	267	5	How	how	WRB
12483	267	6	to	to	TO
12483	267	7	Spot	Spot	NNP
12483	267	8	Fake	Fake	NNP
12483	267	9	News	News	NNP
12483	267	10	,	,	,
12483	267	11	”	"	''
12483	267	12	2017	2017	CD
12483	267	13	.	.	.
12483	267	14	https://doi.org/10.1145/3091478.3091523	https://doi.org/10.1145/3091478.3091523	ADD
12483	267	15	https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2019.1602782	https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2019.1602782	NN
12483	267	16	https://doi.org/10.1145/3395046	https://doi.org/10.1145/3395046	UH
12483	267	17	https://doi.org/10.1002/pra2.2017.14505401070	https://doi.org/10.1002/pra2.2017.14505401070	VBZ
12483	267	18	https://doi.org/10.15760/comminfolit.2019.13.1.7	https://doi.org/10.15760/comminfolit.2019.13.1.7	JJ
12483	267	19	https://www.emerald.com/insight/publication/issn/0737-8831	https://www.emerald.com/insight/publication/issn/0737-8831	JJ
12483	267	20	https://doi.org/10.1108/LHT-03-2017-0062	https://doi.org/10.1108/LHT-03-2017-0062	NNS
12483	267	21	INFORMATION	INFORMATION	VBD
12483	267	22	TECHNOLOGY	technology	NN
12483	267	23	AND	and	CC
12483	267	24	LIBRARIES	library	NNS
12483	267	25	DECEMBER	DECEMBER	NNP
12483	267	26	2020	2020	CD
12483	267	27	AUTOMATED	AUTOMATED	NNP
12483	267	28	FAKE	FAKE	NNP
12483	267	29	NEWS	NEWS	NNP
12483	267	30	DETECTION	detection	VB
12483	267	31	IN	in	IN
12483	267	32	THE	the	DT
12483	267	33	AGE	AGE	NNP
12483	267	34	OF	of	IN
12483	267	35	DIGITAL	DIGITAL	NNP
12483	267	36	LIBRARIES	library	NNS
12483	267	37	|	|	NNP
12483	267	38	MERTOĞLU	MERTOĞLU	NNS
12483	267	39	AND	and	CC
12483	267	40	GENÇ	genç	VBP
12483	267	41	17	17	CD
12483	267	42	14	14	CD
12483	267	43	Jane	Jane	NNP
12483	267	44	Mandalios	Mandalios	NNPS
12483	267	45	,	,	,
12483	267	46	“	"	``
12483	267	47	Radar	radar	NN
12483	267	48	:	:	:
12483	267	49	An	an	DT
12483	267	50	Approach	Approach	NNP
12483	267	51	for	for	IN
12483	267	52	Helping	help	VBG
12483	267	53	Students	Students	NNP
12483	267	54	Evaluate	Evaluate	NNP
12483	267	55	Internet	internet	NN
12483	267	56	Sources	source	NNS
12483	267	57	,	,	,
12483	267	58	”	"	''
12483	267	59	Journal	Journal	NNP
12483	267	60	of	of	IN
12483	267	61	Information	Information	NNP
12483	267	62	Science	Science	NNP
12483	267	63	39	39	CD
12483	267	64	,	,	,
12483	267	65	no	no	UH
12483	267	66	.	.	.
12483	268	1	4	4	CD
12483	268	2	(	(	-LRB-
12483	268	3	2013	2013	CD
12483	268	4	)	)	-RRB-
12483	268	5	:	:	:
12483	268	6	470–78	470–78	CD
12483	268	7	,	,	,
12483	268	8	https://doi.org/10.1177/0165551513478889	https://doi.org/10.1177/0165551513478889	PRP
12483	268	9	;	;	:
12483	268	10	Sarah	Sarah	NNP
12483	268	11	Blakeslee	Blakeslee	NNP
12483	268	12	,	,	,
12483	268	13	“	"	``
12483	268	14	The	the	DT
12483	268	15	CRAAP	CRAAP	NNP
12483	268	16	test	test	NN
12483	268	17	,	,	,
12483	268	18	”	"	''
12483	268	19	LOEX	LOEX	NNP
12483	268	20	Quarterly	Quarterly	NNP
12483	268	21	3	3	CD
12483	268	22	,	,	,
12483	268	23	no	no	UH
12483	268	24	.	.	.
12483	269	1	3	3	CD
12483	269	2	(	(	-LRB-
12483	269	3	2004):4	2004):4	CD
12483	269	4	.	.	.
12483	270	1	15	15	CD
12483	270	2	Victoria	Victoria	NNP
12483	270	3	L.	L.	NNP
12483	270	4	Rubin	Rubin	NNP
12483	270	5	and	and	CC
12483	270	6	Niall	Niall	NNP
12483	270	7	Conroy	Conroy	NNP
12483	270	8	,	,	,
12483	270	9	“	"	``
12483	270	10	Discerning	Discerning	NNP
12483	270	11	Truth	Truth	NNP
12483	270	12	from	from	IN
12483	270	13	Deception	deception	NN
12483	270	14	:	:	:
12483	270	15	Human	Human	NNP
12483	270	16	Judgments	Judgments	NNPS
12483	270	17	and	and	CC
12483	270	18	Automation	Automation	NNP
12483	270	19	Efforts	Efforts	NNPS
12483	270	20	,	,	,
12483	270	21	”	"	''
12483	270	22	First	First	NNP
12483	270	23	Monday	Monday	NNP
12483	270	24	17	17	CD
12483	270	25	,	,	,
12483	270	26	no	no	UH
12483	270	27	.	.	.
12483	271	1	5	5	CD
12483	271	2	(	(	-LRB-
12483	271	3	2012	2012	CD
12483	271	4	)	)	-RRB-
12483	271	5	,	,	,
12483	271	6	https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v17i3.3933	https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v17i3.3933	LS
12483	271	7	;	;	:
12483	271	8	Verónica	Verónica	NNP
12483	271	9	Pérez	Pérez	NNP
12483	271	10	-	-	HYPH
12483	271	11	Rosas	Rosas	NNP
12483	271	12	et	et	NNP
12483	271	13	al	al	NNP
12483	271	14	.	.	NNP
12483	271	15	,	,	,
12483	271	16	“	"	``
12483	271	17	Automatic	automatic	JJ
12483	271	18	Detection	detection	NN
12483	271	19	of	of	IN
12483	271	20	Fake	Fake	NNP
12483	271	21	News	News	NNP
12483	271	22	,	,	,
12483	271	23	”	"	''
12483	271	24	arXiv	arXiv	NNP
12483	271	25	preprint	preprint	NN
12483	271	26	arXiv:1708.07104	arXiv:1708.07104	NNP
12483	271	27	(	(	-LRB-
12483	271	28	2017	2017	CD
12483	271	29	)	)	-RRB-
12483	271	30	.	.	.
12483	272	1	16	16	CD
12483	272	2	Justin	Justin	NNP
12483	272	3	P.	P.	NNP
12483	272	4	Friesen	Friesen	NNP
12483	272	5	,	,	,
12483	272	6	Troy	Troy	NNP
12483	272	7	H.	H.	NNP
12483	272	8	Campbell	Campbell	NNP
12483	272	9	,	,	,
12483	272	10	and	and	CC
12483	272	11	Aaron	Aaron	NNP
12483	272	12	C.	C.	NNP
12483	272	13	Kay	Kay	NNP
12483	272	14	,	,	,
12483	272	15	“	"	``
12483	272	16	The	the	DT
12483	272	17	Psychological	Psychological	NNP
12483	272	18	Advantage	Advantage	NNP
12483	272	19	of	of	IN
12483	272	20	Unfalsifiability	Unfalsifiability	NNP
12483	272	21	:	:	:
12483	272	22	The	the	DT
12483	272	23	Appeal	appeal	NN
12483	272	24	of	of	IN
12483	272	25	Untestable	untestable	JJ
12483	272	26	Religious	Religious	NNP
12483	272	27	and	and	CC
12483	272	28	Political	Political	NNP
12483	272	29	Ideologies	Ideologies	NNPS
12483	272	30	,	,	,
12483	272	31	”	"	''
12483	272	32	Journal	Journal	NNP
12483	272	33	of	of	IN
12483	272	34	Personality	Personality	NNP
12483	272	35	and	and	CC
12483	272	36	Social	Social	NNP
12483	272	37	Psychology	Psychology	NNP
12483	272	38	108	108	CD
12483	272	39	,	,	,
12483	272	40	no	no	UH
12483	272	41	.	.	.
12483	273	1	3	3	CD
12483	273	2	(	(	-LRB-
12483	273	3	2015	2015	CD
12483	273	4	)	)	-RRB-
12483	273	5	:	:	:
12483	273	6	515–29	515–29	CD
12483	273	7	,	,	,
12483	273	8	https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000018	https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000018	ADD
12483	273	9	.	.	.
12483	274	1	17	17	CD
12483	274	2	Tanja	Tanja	NNP
12483	274	3	Pavleska	Pavleska	NNP
12483	274	4	et	et	NNP
12483	274	5	al	al	NNP
12483	274	6	.	.	NNP
12483	274	7	,	,	,
12483	274	8	“	"	``
12483	274	9	Performance	Performance	NNP
12483	274	10	Analysis	Analysis	NNP
12483	274	11	of	of	IN
12483	274	12	Fact	Fact	NNP
12483	274	13	-	-	HYPH
12483	274	14	Checking	Checking	NNP
12483	274	15	Organizations	Organizations	NNPS
12483	274	16	and	and	CC
12483	274	17	Initiatives	Initiatives	NNPS
12483	274	18	in	in	IN
12483	274	19	Europe	Europe	NNP
12483	274	20	:	:	:
12483	274	21	A	a	DT
12483	274	22	Critical	Critical	NNP
12483	274	23	Overview	Overview	NNP
12483	274	24	of	of	IN
12483	274	25	Online	Online	NNP
12483	274	26	Platforms	Platforms	NNP
12483	274	27	Fighting	Fighting	NNP
12483	274	28	Fake	Fake	NNP
12483	274	29	News	news	NN
12483	274	30	,	,	,
12483	274	31	”	"	''
12483	274	32	Social	Social	NNP
12483	274	33	Media	Media	NNP
12483	274	34	and	and	CC
12483	274	35	Convergence	Convergence	NNP
12483	274	36	29	29	CD
12483	274	37	(	(	-LRB-
12483	274	38	2018	2018	CD
12483	274	39	)	)	-RRB-
12483	274	40	.	.	.
12483	275	1	18	18	CD
12483	275	2	Yasmine	Yasmine	NNP
12483	275	3	Lahlou	Lahlou	NNP
12483	275	4	,	,	,
12483	275	5	Sanaa	Sanaa	NNP
12483	275	6	El	El	NNP
12483	275	7	Fkihi	Fkihi	NNP
12483	275	8	,	,	,
12483	275	9	and	and	CC
12483	275	10	Rdouan	Rdouan	NNP
12483	275	11	Faizi	Faizi	NNP
12483	275	12	,	,	,
12483	275	13	“	"	``
12483	275	14	Automatic	automatic	JJ
12483	275	15	Detection	detection	NN
12483	275	16	of	of	IN
12483	275	17	Fake	Fake	NNP
12483	275	18	News	News	NNP
12483	275	19	on	on	IN
12483	275	20	Online	Online	NNP
12483	275	21	Platforms	Platforms	NNP
12483	275	22	:	:	:
12483	275	23	A	A	NNP
12483	275	24	Survey	Survey	NNP
12483	275	25	,	,	,
12483	275	26	”	"	''
12483	275	27	(	(	-LRB-
12483	275	28	paper	paper	NN
12483	275	29	,	,	,
12483	275	30	2019	2019	CD
12483	275	31	1st	1st	NN
12483	275	32	International	International	NNP
12483	275	33	Conference	Conference	NNP
12483	275	34	on	on	IN
12483	275	35	Smart	Smart	NNP
12483	275	36	Systems	Systems	NNPS
12483	275	37	and	and	CC
12483	275	38	Data	Data	NNPS
12483	275	39	Science	Science	NNP
12483	275	40	(	(	-LRB-
12483	275	41	ICSSD	ICSSD	NNP
12483	275	42	)	)	-RRB-
12483	275	43	,	,	,
12483	275	44	Rabat	Rabat	NNP
12483	275	45	,	,	,
12483	275	46	Morocco	Morocco	NNP
12483	275	47	,	,	,
12483	275	48	2019	2019	CD
12483	275	49	)	)	-RRB-
12483	275	50	,	,	,
12483	275	51	https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSSD47982.2019.9002823	https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSSD47982.2019.9002823	NNP
12483	275	52	;	;	:
12483	275	53	Christian	Christian	NNP
12483	275	54	Janze	Janze	NNP
12483	275	55	,	,	,
12483	275	56	and	and	CC
12483	275	57	Marten	Marten	NNP
12483	275	58	Risius	Risius	NNP
12483	275	59	,	,	,
12483	275	60	“	"	``
12483	275	61	Automatic	automatic	JJ
12483	275	62	Detection	detection	NN
12483	275	63	of	of	IN
12483	275	64	Fake	Fake	NNP
12483	275	65	News	News	NNP
12483	275	66	on	on	IN
12483	275	67	Social	Social	NNP
12483	275	68	Media	Media	NNPS
12483	275	69	Platforms	Platforms	NNP
12483	275	70	,	,	,
12483	275	71	”	"	''
12483	275	72	(	(	-LRB-
12483	275	73	paper	paper	NN
12483	275	74	,	,	,
12483	275	75	Pasific	Pasific	NNP
12483	275	76	Asia	Asia	NNP
12483	275	77	Conference	Conference	NNP
12483	275	78	on	on	IN
12483	275	79	Information	Information	NNP
12483	275	80	Systems	Systems	NNP
12483	275	81	(	(	-LRB-
12483	275	82	PACIS	PACIS	NNP
12483	275	83	)	)	-RRB-
12483	275	84	,	,	,
12483	275	85	2017	2017	CD
12483	275	86	)	)	-RRB-
12483	275	87	;	;	:
12483	275	88	Torstein	Torstein	NNP
12483	275	89	Granskogen	Granskogen	NNP
12483	275	90	,	,	,
12483	275	91	“	"	``
12483	275	92	Automatic	automatic	JJ
12483	275	93	Detection	detection	NN
12483	275	94	of	of	IN
12483	275	95	Fake	Fake	NNP
12483	275	96	News	News	NNP
12483	275	97	in	in	IN
12483	275	98	Social	Social	NNP
12483	275	99	Media	medium	NNS
12483	275	100	Using	use	VBG
12483	275	101	Contextual	Contextual	NNP
12483	275	102	Information	Information	NNP
12483	275	103	”	"	''
12483	275	104	(	(	-LRB-
12483	275	105	master	master	NN
12483	275	106	’s	’s	POS
12483	275	107	thesis	thesis	NN
12483	275	108	,	,	,
12483	275	109	Norwegian	Norwegian	NNP
12483	275	110	University	University	NNP
12483	275	111	of	of	IN
12483	275	112	Science	Science	NNP
12483	275	113	and	and	CC
12483	275	114	Technology	Technology	NNP
12483	275	115	(	(	-LRB-
12483	275	116	NTNU	NTNU	NNP
12483	275	117	)	)	-RRB-
12483	275	118	,	,	,
12483	275	119	2018	2018	CD
12483	275	120	)	)	-RRB-
12483	275	121	.	.	.
12483	276	1	19	19	CD
12483	276	2	Jacob	Jacob	NNP
12483	276	3	L.	L.	NNP
12483	276	4	Nelson	Nelson	NNP
12483	276	5	and	and	CC
12483	276	6	Harsh	Harsh	NNP
12483	276	7	Taneja	Taneja	NNPS
12483	276	8	,	,	,
12483	276	9	“	"	``
12483	276	10	The	the	DT
12483	276	11	Small	small	JJ
12483	276	12	,	,	,
12483	276	13	Disloyal	Disloyal	NNP
12483	276	14	Fake	Fake	NNP
12483	276	15	News	News	NNP
12483	276	16	Audience	audience	NN
12483	276	17	:	:	:
12483	276	18	The	the	DT
12483	276	19	Role	role	NN
12483	276	20	of	of	IN
12483	276	21	Audience	Audience	NNP
12483	276	22	Availability	Availability	NNP
12483	276	23	in	in	IN
12483	276	24	Fake	Fake	NNP
12483	276	25	News	News	NNP
12483	276	26	Consumption	Consumption	NNP
12483	276	27	,	,	,
12483	276	28	”	"	''
12483	276	29	New	New	NNP
12483	276	30	Media	Media	NNP
12483	276	31	&	&	CC
12483	276	32	Society	Society	NNP
12483	276	33	20	20	CD
12483	276	34	,	,	,
12483	276	35	no	no	UH
12483	276	36	.	.	.
12483	277	1	10	10	CD
12483	277	2	(	(	-LRB-
12483	277	3	2018	2018	CD
12483	277	4	)	)	-RRB-
12483	277	5	:	:	:
12483	277	6	3720–37	3720–37	LS
12483	277	7	,	,	,
12483	277	8	https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444818758715	https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444818758715	JJ
12483	277	9	;	;	:
12483	277	10	Philip	Philip	NNP
12483	277	11	N.	N.	NNP
12483	277	12	Howard	Howard	NNP
12483	277	13	et	et	NNP
12483	277	14	al	al	NNP
12483	277	15	.	.	NNP
12483	277	16	,	,	,
12483	277	17	“	"	``
12483	277	18	Social	Social	NNP
12483	277	19	Media	Media	NNP
12483	277	20	,	,	,
12483	277	21	News	News	NNP
12483	277	22	and	and	CC
12483	277	23	Political	Political	NNP
12483	277	24	Information	Information	NNP
12483	277	25	During	during	IN
12483	277	26	the	the	DT
12483	277	27	US	US	NNP
12483	277	28	Election	Election	NNP
12483	277	29	:	:	:
12483	277	30	Was	be	VBD
12483	277	31	Polarizing	polarize	VBG
12483	277	32	Content	content	NN
12483	277	33	Concentrated	Concentrated	NNP
12483	277	34	in	in	IN
12483	277	35	Swing	Swing	NNP
12483	277	36	States	States	NNP
12483	277	37	?	?	.
12483	277	38	,	,	,
12483	277	39	”	"	''
12483	277	40	arXiv	arXiv	NNP
12483	277	41	preprint	preprint	NN
12483	277	42	arXiv:1802.03573	arXiv:1802.03573	NNP
12483	277	43	(	(	-LRB-
12483	277	44	2018	2018	CD
12483	277	45	)	)	-RRB-
12483	277	46	;	;	:
12483	277	47	Alexandre	Alexandre	NNP
12483	277	48	Bovet	Bovet	NNPS
12483	277	49	and	and	CC
12483	277	50	Hernán	Hernán	NNP
12483	277	51	A.	A.	NNP
12483	277	52	Makse	Makse	NNP
12483	277	53	,	,	,
12483	277	54	“	"	``
12483	277	55	Influence	Influence	NNP
12483	277	56	of	of	IN
12483	277	57	Fake	Fake	NNP
12483	277	58	News	News	NNP
12483	277	59	in	in	IN
12483	277	60	Twitter	Twitter	NNP
12483	277	61	During	during	IN
12483	277	62	the	the	DT
12483	277	63	2016	2016	CD
12483	277	64	US	US	NNP
12483	277	65	Presidential	Presidential	NNP
12483	277	66	Election	Election	NNP
12483	277	67	,	,	,
12483	277	68	”	"	''
12483	277	69	Nature	Nature	NNP
12483	277	70	Communications	Communications	NNPS
12483	277	71	10	10	CD
12483	277	72	,	,	,
12483	277	73	no	no	UH
12483	277	74	.	.	.
12483	278	1	7	7	CD
12483	278	2	(	(	-LRB-
12483	278	3	2019	2019	CD
12483	278	4	)	)	-RRB-
12483	278	5	:	:	:
12483	278	6	1–14	1–14	CD
12483	278	7	,	,	,
12483	278	8	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07761-2	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07761-2	CD
12483	278	9	.	.	.
12483	279	1	20	20	CD
12483	279	2	Lina	Lina	NNP
12483	279	3	Zhou	Zhou	NNP
12483	279	4	et	et	NNP
12483	279	5	al	al	NNP
12483	279	6	.	.	NNP
12483	279	7	,	,	,
12483	279	8	“	"	``
12483	279	9	Automating	Automating	NNP
12483	279	10	Linguistics	Linguistics	NNP
12483	279	11	-	-	HYPH
12483	279	12	Based	base	VBN
12483	279	13	Cues	Cues	NNP
12483	279	14	for	for	IN
12483	279	15	Detecting	detect	VBG
12483	279	16	Deception	Deception	NNP
12483	279	17	in	in	IN
12483	279	18	Text	Text	NNP
12483	279	19	-	-	HYPH
12483	279	20	Based	base	VBN
12483	279	21	Asynchronous	Asynchronous	NNP
12483	279	22	Computer	Computer	NNP
12483	279	23	-	-	HYPH
12483	279	24	Mediated	Mediated	NNP
12483	279	25	Communications	Communications	NNP
12483	279	26	,	,	,
12483	279	27	”	"	''
12483	279	28	Group	Group	NNP
12483	279	29	Decision	Decision	NNP
12483	279	30	and	and	CC
12483	279	31	Negotiation	Negotiation	NNP
12483	279	32	13	13	CD
12483	279	33	,	,	,
12483	279	34	no	no	UH
12483	279	35	.	.	.
12483	280	1	1	1	CD
12483	280	2	(	(	-LRB-
12483	280	3	2004	2004	CD
12483	280	4	)	)	-RRB-
12483	280	5	:	:	:
12483	280	6	81–106	81–106	CD
12483	280	7	,	,	,
12483	280	8	https://doi.org/10.1023/B:GRUP.0000011944.62889.6f	https://doi.org/10.1023/b:grup.0000011944.62889.6f	CD
12483	280	9	;	;	:
12483	280	10	Myle	Myle	NNP
12483	280	11	Ott	Ott	NNP
12483	280	12	et	et	FW
12483	280	13	al	al	NNP
12483	280	14	.	.	NNP
12483	280	15	,	,	,
12483	280	16	“	"	``
12483	280	17	Finding	Finding	NNP
12483	280	18	Deceptive	deceptive	JJ
12483	280	19	Opinion	opinion	NN
12483	280	20	Spam	Spam	NNP
12483	280	21	by	by	IN
12483	280	22	Any	any	DT
12483	280	23	Stretch	Stretch	NNP
12483	280	24	of	of	IN
12483	280	25	the	the	DT
12483	280	26	Imagination	Imagination	NNP
12483	280	27	,	,	,
12483	280	28	”	"	''
12483	280	29	arXiv	arXiv	NNP
12483	280	30	preprint	preprint	NN
12483	280	31	arXiv:1107.4557	arxiv:1107.4557	NN
12483	280	32	(	(	-LRB-
12483	280	33	2011	2011	CD
12483	280	34	)	)	-RRB-
12483	280	35	;	;	:
12483	280	36	Rada	Rada	NNP
12483	280	37	Mihalcea	Mihalcea	NNP
12483	280	38	and	and	CC
12483	280	39	Carlo	Carlo	NNP
12483	280	40	Strapparava	Strapparava	NNP
12483	280	41	,	,	,
12483	280	42	“	"	``
12483	280	43	The	the	DT
12483	280	44	Lie	Lie	NNP
12483	280	45	Detector	detector	NN
12483	280	46	:	:	:
12483	280	47	Explorations	exploration	NNS
12483	280	48	in	in	IN
12483	280	49	the	the	DT
12483	280	50	Automatic	Automatic	NNP
12483	280	51	Recognition	Recognition	NNP
12483	280	52	of	of	IN
12483	280	53	Deceptive	Deceptive	NNP
12483	280	54	Language	Language	NNP
12483	280	55	,	,	,
12483	280	56	”	"	''
12483	280	57	(	(	-LRB-
12483	280	58	paper	paper	NN
12483	280	59	,	,	,
12483	280	60	Proceedings	Proceedings	NNPS
12483	280	61	of	of	IN
12483	280	62	the	the	DT
12483	280	63	ACL	ACL	NNP
12483	280	64	-	-	HYPH
12483	280	65	IJCNLP	IJCNLP	NNP
12483	280	66	2009	2009	CD
12483	280	67	Conference	Conference	NNP
12483	280	68	Short	Short	NNP
12483	280	69	Papers	Papers	NNPS
12483	280	70	,	,	,
12483	280	71	(	(	-LRB-
12483	280	72	2009	2009	CD
12483	280	73	)	)	-RRB-
12483	280	74	:	:	:
12483	280	75	Association	Association	NNP
12483	280	76	for	for	IN
12483	280	77	Computational	Computational	NNP
12483	280	78	Linguistics	Linguistics	NNPS
12483	280	79	,	,	,
12483	280	80	309–12	309–12	CD
12483	280	81	)	)	-RRB-
12483	280	82	;	;	:
12483	280	83	Julia	Julia	NNP
12483	280	84	B.	B.	NNP
12483	280	85	Hirschberg	Hirschberg	NNP
12483	280	86	et	et	NNP
12483	280	87	al	al	NNP
12483	280	88	.	.	NNP
12483	280	89	,	,	,
12483	280	90	“	"	``
12483	280	91	Distinguishing	distinguish	VBG
12483	280	92	Deceptive	Deceptive	NNP
12483	280	93	from	from	IN
12483	280	94	Non	non	JJ
12483	280	95	-	-	JJ
12483	280	96	Deceptive	deceptive	JJ
12483	280	97	Speech	speech	NN
12483	280	98	,	,	,
12483	280	99	”	"	''
12483	280	100	(	(	-LRB-
12483	280	101	2005	2005	CD
12483	280	102	)	)	-RRB-
12483	280	103	,	,	,
12483	280	104	https://doi.org/10.7916/D8697C06	https://doi.org/10.7916/D8697C06	NNP
12483	280	105	.	.	.
12483	281	1	21	21	CD
12483	281	2	Victoria	Victoria	NNP
12483	281	3	L.	L.	NNP
12483	281	4	Rubin	Rubin	NNP
12483	281	5	,	,	,
12483	281	6	Yimin	Yimin	NNP
12483	281	7	Chen	Chen	NNP
12483	281	8	,	,	,
12483	281	9	and	and	CC
12483	281	10	Nadia	Nadia	NNP
12483	281	11	K.	K.	NNP
12483	281	12	Conroy	Conroy	NNP
12483	281	13	,	,	,
12483	281	14	“	"	``
12483	281	15	Deception	deception	NN
12483	281	16	Detection	detection	NN
12483	281	17	for	for	IN
12483	281	18	News	news	NN
12483	281	19	:	:	:
12483	281	20	Three	three	CD
12483	281	21	Types	Types	NNPS
12483	281	22	of	of	IN
12483	281	23	Fakes	fake	NNS
12483	281	24	,	,	,
12483	281	25	”	"	''
12483	281	26	Proceedings	proceeding	NNS
12483	281	27	of	of	IN
12483	281	28	the	the	DT
12483	281	29	Association	Association	NNP
12483	281	30	for	for	IN
12483	281	31	Information	Information	NNP
12483	281	32	Science	Science	NNP
12483	281	33	and	and	CC
12483	281	34	Technology	Technology	NNP
12483	281	35	52	52	CD
12483	281	36	,	,	,
12483	281	37	no	no	UH
12483	281	38	.	.	.
12483	282	1	1	1	CD
12483	282	2	(	(	-LRB-
12483	282	3	2015	2015	CD
12483	282	4	)	)	-RRB-
12483	282	5	:	:	:
12483	282	6	1–4	1–4	CD
12483	282	7	,	,	,
12483	282	8	https://doi.org/10.1002/pra2.2015.145052010083	https://doi.org/10.1002/pra2.2015.145052010083	ADD
12483	282	9	;	;	:
12483	282	10	David	David	NNP
12483	282	11	M.	M.	NNP
12483	282	12	Markowitz	Markowitz	NNP
12483	282	13	,	,	,
12483	282	14	and	and	CC
12483	282	15	Jeffrey	Jeffrey	NNP
12483	282	16	T.	T.	NNP
12483	282	17	Hancock	Hancock	NNP
12483	282	18	,	,	,
12483	282	19	“	"	``
12483	282	20	Linguistic	linguistic	JJ
12483	282	21	Traces	trace	NNS
12483	282	22	of	of	IN
12483	282	23	a	a	DT
12483	282	24	Scientific	Scientific	NNP
12483	282	25	Fraud	Fraud	NNP
12483	282	26	:	:	:
12483	282	27	The	the	DT
12483	282	28	Case	Case	NNP
12483	282	29	of	of	IN
12483	282	30	Diederik	Diederik	NNP
12483	282	31	Stapel	Stapel	NNP
12483	282	32	,	,	,
12483	282	33	”	"	''
12483	282	34	PloS	plos	NN
12483	282	35	https://doi.org/10.1177/0165551513478889	https://doi.org/10.1177/0165551513478889	PRP$
12483	282	36	https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v17i3.3933	https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v17i3.3933	ADD
12483	282	37	https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/pspp0000018	https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/pspp0000018	.
12483	282	38	https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSSD47982.2019.9002823	https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSSD47982.2019.9002823	NNP
12483	282	39	https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1461444818758715	https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1461444818758715	NNP
12483	282	40	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07761-2	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07761-2	CD
12483	282	41	https://doi.org/10.1023/B:GRUP.0000011944.62889.6f	https://doi.org/10.1023/b:grup.0000011944.62889.6f	CD
12483	282	42	https://doi.org/10.7916/D8697C06	https://doi.org/10.7916/D8697C06	NNP
12483	282	43	https://doi.org/10.1002/pra2.2015.145052010083	https://doi.org/10.1002/pra2.2015.145052010083	''
12483	282	44	INFORMATION	information	NN
12483	282	45	TECHNOLOGY	technology	NN
12483	282	46	AND	and	CC
12483	282	47	LIBRARIES	library	NNS
12483	282	48	DECEMBER	DECEMBER	NNP
12483	282	49	2020	2020	CD
12483	282	50	AUTOMATED	AUTOMATED	NNP
12483	282	51	FAKE	FAKE	NNP
12483	282	52	NEWS	NEWS	NNP
12483	282	53	DETECTION	detection	VB
12483	282	54	IN	in	IN
12483	282	55	THE	the	DT
12483	282	56	AGE	AGE	NNP
12483	282	57	OF	of	IN
12483	282	58	DIGITAL	DIGITAL	NNP
12483	282	59	LIBRARIES	library	NNS
12483	282	60	|	|	NNP
12483	282	61	MERTOĞLU	MERTOĞLU	NNS
12483	282	62	AND	and	CC
12483	282	63	GENÇ	genç	VBP
12483	282	64	18	18	CD
12483	282	65	one	one	CD
12483	282	66	9	9	CD
12483	282	67	,	,	,
12483	282	68	no	no	UH
12483	282	69	.	.	.
12483	283	1	8	8	CD
12483	283	2	(	(	-LRB-
12483	283	3	2014	2014	CD
12483	283	4	)	)	-RRB-
12483	283	5	:	:	:
12483	283	6	e105937	e105937	NN
12483	283	7	,	,	,
12483	283	8	https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0105937	https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0105937	NN
12483	283	9	;	;	:
12483	283	10	Jing	Jing	NNP
12483	283	11	Ma	Ma	NNP
12483	283	12	et	et	FW
12483	283	13	al	al	NNP
12483	283	14	.	.	NNP
12483	283	15	,	,	,
12483	283	16	“	"	``
12483	283	17	Detecting	detect	VBG
12483	283	18	Rumors	Rumors	NNPS
12483	283	19	from	from	IN
12483	283	20	Microblogs	Microblogs	NNP
12483	283	21	with	with	IN
12483	283	22	Recurrent	Recurrent	NNP
12483	283	23	Neural	Neural	NNP
12483	283	24	Networks	Networks	NNPS
12483	283	25	,	,	,
12483	283	26	”	"	''
12483	283	27	(	(	-LRB-
12483	283	28	paper	paper	NN
12483	283	29	,	,	,
12483	283	30	Proceedings	Proceedings	NNPS
12483	283	31	of	of	IN
12483	283	32	the	the	DT
12483	283	33	25th	25th	JJ
12483	283	34	International	International	NNP
12483	283	35	Joint	Joint	NNP
12483	283	36	Conference	Conference	NNP
12483	283	37	on	on	IN
12483	283	38	Artificial	Artificial	NNP
12483	283	39	Intelligence	Intelligence	NNP
12483	283	40	(	(	-LRB-
12483	283	41	IJCAI	IJCAI	NNP
12483	283	42	2016	2016	CD
12483	283	43	)	)	-RRB-
12483	283	44	,	,	,
12483	283	45	(	(	-LRB-
12483	283	46	2016	2016	CD
12483	283	47	)	)	-RRB-
12483	283	48	:	:	:
12483	283	49	3818–24	3818–24	LS
12483	283	50	)	)	-RRB-
12483	283	51	,	,	,
12483	283	52	https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/sis_research/4630	https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/sis_research/4630	ADD
12483	283	53	.	.	.
12483	284	1	22	22	CD
12483	284	2	Kai	Kai	NNP
12483	284	3	Shu	Shu	NNP
12483	284	4	et	et	NNP
12483	284	5	al	al	NNP
12483	284	6	.	.	NNP
12483	284	7	,	,	,
12483	284	8	“	"	``
12483	284	9	Fake	Fake	NNP
12483	284	10	News	News	NNP
12483	284	11	Detection	detection	NN
12483	284	12	on	on	IN
12483	284	13	Social	Social	NNP
12483	284	14	Media	medium	NNS
12483	284	15	:	:	:
12483	284	16	A	A	NNP
12483	284	17	Data	Data	NNP
12483	284	18	Mining	Mining	NNP
12483	284	19	Perspective	Perspective	NNP
12483	284	20	,	,	,
12483	284	21	”	"	''
12483	284	22	ACM	ACM	NNP
12483	284	23	SIGKDD	SIGKDD	NNP
12483	284	24	Explorations	Explorations	NNPS
12483	284	25	Newsletter	Newsletter	NNP
12483	284	26	19	19	CD
12483	284	27	,	,	,
12483	284	28	no	no	UH
12483	284	29	.	.	.
12483	285	1	1	1	CD
12483	285	2	(	(	-LRB-
12483	285	3	2017	2017	CD
12483	285	4	)	)	-RRB-
12483	285	5	:	:	:
12483	285	6	22–36	22–36	CD
12483	285	7	,	,	,
12483	285	8	https://doi.org/10.1145/3137597.3137600	https://doi.org/10.1145/3137597.3137600	ADD
12483	285	9	.	.	.
12483	286	1	23	23	CD
12483	286	2	Eugenio	Eugenio	NNP
12483	286	3	Tacchini	Tacchini	NNP
12483	286	4	et	et	FW
12483	286	5	al	al	NNP
12483	286	6	.	.	NNP
12483	286	7	,	,	,
12483	286	8	“	"	``
12483	286	9	Some	some	DT
12483	286	10	Like	like	VBP
12483	286	11	It	-PRON-	PRP
12483	286	12	Hoax	Hoax	NNP
12483	286	13	:	:	:
12483	286	14	Automated	Automated	NNP
12483	286	15	Fake	Fake	NNP
12483	286	16	News	News	NNP
12483	286	17	Detection	Detection	NNP
12483	286	18	in	in	IN
12483	286	19	Social	Social	NNP
12483	286	20	Networks	Networks	NNPS
12483	286	21	,	,	,
12483	286	22	”	"	''
12483	286	23	arXiv	arXiv	NNP
12483	286	24	preprint	preprint	NN
12483	286	25	arXiv:1704.07506	arXiv:1704.07506	NNP
12483	286	26	(	(	-LRB-
12483	286	27	2017	2017	CD
12483	286	28	)	)	-RRB-
12483	286	29	.	.	.
12483	287	1	24	24	CD
12483	287	2	Julio	Julio	NNP
12483	287	3	C.S.	C.S.	NNP
12483	288	1	Reis	Reis	NNP
12483	288	2	et	et	NNP
12483	288	3	al	al	NNP
12483	288	4	.	.	NNP
12483	288	5	,	,	,
12483	288	6	“	"	``
12483	288	7	Supervised	supervise	VBD
12483	288	8	Learning	Learning	NNP
12483	288	9	for	for	IN
12483	288	10	Fake	Fake	NNP
12483	288	11	News	News	NNP
12483	288	12	Detection	detection	NN
12483	288	13	,	,	,
12483	288	14	”	"	''
12483	288	15	IEEE	IEEE	NNP
12483	288	16	Intelligent	Intelligent	NNP
12483	288	17	Systems	Systems	NNPS
12483	288	18	34	34	CD
12483	288	19	,	,	,
12483	288	20	no	no	UH
12483	288	21	.	.	.
12483	289	1	2	2	CD
12483	289	2	(	(	-LRB-
12483	289	3	2019	2019	CD
12483	289	4	)	)	-RRB-
12483	289	5	:	:	:
12483	289	6	76–81	76–81	LS
12483	289	7	,	,	,
12483	289	8	https://doi.org10.1109	https://doi.org10.1109	NNP
12483	289	9	/	/	SYM
12483	289	10	MIS.2019.2899143	MIS.2019.2899143	NNP
12483	289	11	.	.	.
12483	290	1	25	25	CD
12483	290	2	Victoria	Victoria	NNP
12483	290	3	L.	L.	NNP
12483	290	4	Rubin	Rubin	NNP
12483	290	5	et	et	NNP
12483	290	6	al	al	NNP
12483	290	7	.	.	NNP
12483	290	8	,	,	,
12483	290	9	“	"	``
12483	290	10	Fake	Fake	NNP
12483	290	11	News	News	NNP
12483	290	12	or	or	CC
12483	290	13	Truth	truth	NN
12483	290	14	?	?	.
12483	291	1	Using	use	VBG
12483	291	2	Satirical	satirical	JJ
12483	291	3	Cues	cue	NNS
12483	291	4	to	to	TO
12483	291	5	Detect	detect	VB
12483	291	6	Potentially	Potentially	NNP
12483	291	7	Misleading	Misleading	NNP
12483	291	8	News	News	NNP
12483	291	9	,	,	,
12483	291	10	”	"	''
12483	291	11	(	(	-LRB-
12483	291	12	paper	paper	NN
12483	291	13	,	,	,
12483	291	14	Proceedings	Proceedings	NNPS
12483	291	15	of	of	IN
12483	291	16	the	the	DT
12483	291	17	Second	Second	NNP
12483	291	18	Workshop	Workshop	NNP
12483	291	19	on	on	IN
12483	291	20	Computational	Computational	NNP
12483	291	21	Approaches	approach	NNS
12483	291	22	to	to	TO
12483	291	23	Deception	deception	VB
12483	291	24	Detection	detection	NN
12483	291	25	,	,	,
12483	291	26	(	(	-LRB-
12483	291	27	2016	2016	CD
12483	291	28	)	)	-RRB-
12483	291	29	:	:	:
12483	291	30	7–17	7–17	NNP
12483	291	31	)	)	-RRB-
12483	291	32	;	;	:
12483	291	33	Francesco	Francesco	NNP
12483	291	34	Barbieri	Barbieri	NNP
12483	291	35	,	,	,
12483	291	36	Francesco	Francesco	NNP
12483	291	37	Ronzano	Ronzano	NNP
12483	291	38	,	,	,
12483	291	39	and	and	CC
12483	291	40	Horacio	Horacio	NNP
12483	291	41	Saggion	Saggion	NNP
12483	291	42	,	,	,
12483	291	43	“	"	``
12483	291	44	Is	be	VBZ
12483	291	45	This	this	DT
12483	291	46	Tweet	Tweet	NNP
12483	291	47	Satirical	Satirical	NNP
12483	291	48	?	?	.
12483	292	1	A	a	DT
12483	292	2	Computational	Computational	NNP
12483	292	3	Approach	Approach	NNP
12483	292	4	for	for	IN
12483	292	5	Satire	Satire	NNP
12483	292	6	Detection	Detection	NNP
12483	292	7	in	in	IN
12483	292	8	Spanish	Spanish	NNP
12483	292	9	,	,	,
12483	292	10	”	"	''
12483	292	11	Procesamiento	Procesamiento	NNP
12483	292	12	del	del	NNP
12483	292	13	Lenguaje	Lenguaje	NNP
12483	292	14	Natural	Natural	NNP
12483	292	15	,	,	,
12483	292	16	no	no	UH
12483	292	17	.	.	.
12483	293	1	55	55	CD
12483	293	2	(	(	-LRB-
12483	293	3	2015	2015	CD
12483	293	4	)	)	-RRB-
12483	293	5	:	:	:
12483	293	6	135	135	CD
12483	293	7	-	-	SYM
12483	293	8	42	42	CD
12483	293	9	;	;	:
12483	293	10	Soujanya	Soujanya	NNP
12483	293	11	Poria	Poria	NNP
12483	293	12	et	et	FW
12483	293	13	al	al	NNP
12483	293	14	.	.	NNP
12483	293	15	,	,	,
12483	293	16	“	"	``
12483	293	17	A	a	DT
12483	293	18	Deeper	deep	JJR
12483	293	19	Look	look	VB
12483	293	20	into	into	IN
12483	293	21	Sarcastic	sarcastic	JJ
12483	293	22	Tweets	tweet	NNS
12483	293	23	Using	use	VBG
12483	293	24	Deep	Deep	NNP
12483	293	25	Convolutional	Convolutional	NNP
12483	293	26	Neural	Neural	NNP
12483	293	27	Networks	Networks	NNPS
12483	293	28	,	,	,
12483	293	29	”	"	''
12483	293	30	arXiv	arxiv	JJ
12483	293	31	preprint	preprint	NN
12483	293	32	arXiv:1610.08815	arXiv:1610.08815	NNP
12483	293	33	(	(	-LRB-
12483	293	34	2016	2016	CD
12483	293	35	)	)	-RRB-
12483	293	36	.	.	.
12483	294	1	26	26	CD
12483	294	2	Lei	Lei	NNP
12483	294	3	Guo	Guo	NNP
12483	294	4	and	and	CC
12483	294	5	Chris	Chris	NNP
12483	294	6	Vargo	Vargo	NNP
12483	294	7	,	,	,
12483	294	8	“	"	``
12483	294	9	’	'	''
12483	294	10	Fake	Fake	NNP
12483	294	11	News	News	NNP
12483	294	12	’	'	''
12483	294	13	and	and	CC
12483	294	14	Emerging	emerge	VBG
12483	294	15	Online	online	JJ
12483	294	16	Media	medium	NNS
12483	294	17	Ecosystem	Ecosystem	NNP
12483	294	18	:	:	:
12483	294	19	An	an	DT
12483	294	20	Integrated	Integrated	NNP
12483	294	21	Intermedia	Intermedia	NNP
12483	294	22	Agenda	Agenda	NNP
12483	294	23	-	-	HYPH
12483	294	24	Setting	Setting	NNP
12483	294	25	Analysis	Analysis	NNP
12483	294	26	of	of	IN
12483	294	27	the	the	DT
12483	294	28	2016	2016	CD
12483	294	29	Us	Us	NNP
12483	294	30	Presidential	Presidential	NNP
12483	294	31	Election	Election	NNP
12483	294	32	,	,	,
12483	294	33	”	"	''
12483	294	34	Communication	Communication	NNP
12483	294	35	Research	Research	NNP
12483	294	36	47	47	CD
12483	294	37	,	,	,
12483	294	38	no	no	UH
12483	294	39	.	.	.
12483	295	1	2	2	CD
12483	295	2	(	(	-LRB-
12483	295	3	2020	2020	CD
12483	295	4	)	)	-RRB-
12483	295	5	:	:	:
12483	295	6	178–200	178–200	CD
12483	295	7	,	,	,
12483	295	8	https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650218777177	https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650218777177	ADD
12483	295	9	.	.	.
12483	296	1	27	27	CD
12483	296	2	Natali	Natali	NNP
12483	296	3	Ruchansky	Ruchansky	NNP
12483	296	4	,	,	,
12483	296	5	Sungyong	Sungyong	NNP
12483	296	6	Seo	Seo	NNP
12483	296	7	,	,	,
12483	296	8	and	and	CC
12483	296	9	Yan	Yan	NNP
12483	296	10	Liu	Liu	NNP
12483	296	11	,	,	,
12483	296	12	“	"	``
12483	296	13	CSI	CSI	NNP
12483	296	14	:	:	:
12483	296	15	A	a	DT
12483	296	16	Hybrid	Hybrid	NNP
12483	296	17	Deep	Deep	NNP
12483	296	18	Model	model	NN
12483	296	19	for	for	IN
12483	296	20	Fake	Fake	NNP
12483	296	21	News	News	NNP
12483	296	22	Detection	detection	NN
12483	296	23	,	,	,
12483	296	24	”	"	''
12483	296	25	Proceedings	proceeding	NNS
12483	296	26	of	of	IN
12483	296	27	the	the	DT
12483	296	28	2017	2017	CD
12483	296	29	ACM	ACM	NNP
12483	296	30	on	on	IN
12483	296	31	Conference	Conference	NNP
12483	296	32	on	on	IN
12483	296	33	Information	Information	NNP
12483	296	34	and	and	CC
12483	296	35	Knowledge	Knowledge	NNP
12483	296	36	Management	Management	NNP
12483	296	37	,	,	,
12483	296	38	(	(	-LRB-
12483	296	39	November	November	NNP
12483	296	40	2017	2017	CD
12483	296	41	)	)	-RRB-
12483	296	42	:	:	:
12483	296	43	797–806	797–806	CD
12483	296	44	,	,	,
12483	296	45	https://doi.org/10.1145/3132847.3132877	https://doi.org/10.1145/3132847.3132877	ADD
12483	296	46	.	.	.
12483	297	1	28	28	CD
12483	297	2	Yaqing	Yaqing	NNP
12483	297	3	Wang	Wang	NNP
12483	297	4	et	et	FW
12483	297	5	al	al	NNP
12483	297	6	.	.	NNP
12483	297	7	,	,	,
12483	297	8	“	"	``
12483	297	9	EANN	eann	NN
12483	297	10	:	:	:
12483	297	11	Event	event	NN
12483	297	12	Adversarial	Adversarial	NNP
12483	297	13	Neural	Neural	NNP
12483	297	14	Networks	Networks	NNPS
12483	297	15	for	for	IN
12483	297	16	Multi	Multi	NNP
12483	297	17	-	-	HYPH
12483	297	18	Modal	Modal	NNP
12483	297	19	Fake	Fake	NNP
12483	297	20	News	News	NNP
12483	297	21	Detection	detection	NN
12483	297	22	,	,	,
12483	297	23	”	"	''
12483	297	24	Proceedings	proceeding	NNS
12483	297	25	of	of	IN
12483	297	26	the	the	DT
12483	297	27	24th	24th	JJ
12483	297	28	ACM	ACM	NNP
12483	297	29	SIGKDD	SIGKDD	NNP
12483	297	30	International	International	NNP
12483	297	31	Conference	Conference	NNP
12483	297	32	on	on	IN
12483	297	33	Knowledge	Knowledge	NNP
12483	297	34	Discovery	Discovery	NNP
12483	297	35	&	&	CC
12483	297	36	Data	Data	NNP
12483	297	37	Mining	Mining	NNP
12483	297	38	,	,	,
12483	297	39	(	(	-LRB-
12483	297	40	2018	2018	CD
12483	297	41	)	)	-RRB-
12483	297	42	:	:	:
12483	297	43	849–57	849–57	CD
12483	297	44	,	,	,
12483	297	45	https://doi.org/10.1145/3219819.3219903	https://doi.org/10.1145/3219819.3219903	ADD
12483	297	46	;	;	:
12483	297	47	James	James	NNP
12483	297	48	W.	W.	NNP
12483	297	49	Pennebaker	Pennebaker	NNP
12483	297	50	,	,	,
12483	297	51	Martha	Martha	NNP
12483	297	52	E.	E.	NNP
12483	297	53	Francis	Francis	NNP
12483	297	54	,	,	,
12483	297	55	and	and	CC
12483	297	56	Roger	Roger	NNP
12483	297	57	J.	J.	NNP
12483	297	58	Booth	Booth	NNP
12483	297	59	,	,	,
12483	297	60	“	"	``
12483	297	61	Linguistic	linguistic	JJ
12483	297	62	Inquiry	Inquiry	NNP
12483	297	63	and	and	CC
12483	297	64	Word	Word	NNP
12483	297	65	Count	Count	NNP
12483	297	66	:	:	:
12483	297	67	LIWC	LIWC	NNP
12483	297	68	2001	2001	CD
12483	297	69	”	"	''
12483	297	70	,	,	,
12483	297	71	Mahway	Mahway	NNP
12483	297	72	:	:	:
12483	297	73	Lawrence	Lawrence	NNP
12483	297	74	Erlbaum	Erlbaum	NNP
12483	297	75	Associates	Associates	NNP
12483	297	76	71	71	CD
12483	297	77	,	,	,
12483	297	78	no	no	UH
12483	297	79	.	.	.
12483	298	1	2001	2001	CD
12483	298	2	(	(	-LRB-
12483	298	3	2001	2001	CD
12483	298	4	)	)	-RRB-
12483	298	5	.	.	.
12483	299	1	29	29	CD
12483	299	2	“	"	``
12483	299	3	Facebook	Facebook	NNP
12483	299	4	,	,	,
12483	299	5	Twitter	Twitter	NNP
12483	299	6	May	May	NNP
12483	299	7	Face	face	VB
12483	299	8	More	More	JJR
12483	299	9	Scrutiny	scrutiny	NN
12483	299	10	in	in	IN
12483	299	11	2019	2019	CD
12483	299	12	to	to	TO
12483	299	13	Check	check	VB
12483	299	14	Fake	Fake	NNP
12483	299	15	News	News	NNP
12483	299	16	,	,	,
12483	299	17	Hate	Hate	NNP
12483	299	18	Speech	Speech	NNP
12483	299	19	,	,	,
12483	299	20	”	"	''
12483	299	21	accessed	access	VBD
12483	299	22	May	May	NNP
12483	299	23	17	17	CD
12483	299	24	,	,	,
12483	299	25	2020	2020	CD
12483	299	26	,	,	,
12483	299	27	available	available	JJ
12483	299	28	:	:	:
12483	299	29	https://www.huffingtonpost.in/entry/facebook-twitter-may-face-	https://www.huffingtonpost.in/entry/facebook-twitter-may-face-	ADD
12483	299	30	more	more	JJR
12483	299	31	-	-	HYPH
12483	299	32	scrutiny	scrutiny	NN
12483	299	33	-	-	HYPH
12483	299	34	in-2019-to	in-2019-to	NN
12483	299	35	-	-	HYPH
12483	299	36	check	check	VB
12483	299	37	-	-	HYPH
12483	299	38	fake	fake	JJ
12483	299	39	-	-	HYPH
12483	299	40	news	news	NN
12483	299	41	-	-	HYPH
12483	299	42	hate	hate	NN
12483	299	43	-	-	HYPH
12483	299	44	speech_in_5c29c589e4b05c88b701d72e	speech_in_5c29c589e4b05c88b701d72e	NN
12483	299	45	.	.	.
12483	300	1	30	30	CD
12483	300	2	Nitesh	Nitesh	NNP
12483	300	3	V.	V.	NNP
12483	300	4	Chawla	Chawla	NNP
12483	300	5	et	et	FW
12483	300	6	al	al	NNP
12483	300	7	.	.	NNP
12483	300	8	,	,	,
12483	300	9	“	"	``
12483	300	10	Smote	Smote	NNP
12483	300	11	:	:	:
12483	300	12	Synthetic	Synthetic	NNP
12483	300	13	Minority	Minority	NNP
12483	300	14	Over	Over	NNP
12483	300	15	-	-	HYPH
12483	300	16	Sampling	Sampling	NNP
12483	300	17	Technique	Technique	NNP
12483	300	18	,	,	,
12483	300	19	”	"	''
12483	300	20	Journal	Journal	NNP
12483	300	21	of	of	IN
12483	300	22	Artificial	Artificial	NNP
12483	300	23	Intelligence	Intelligence	NNP
12483	300	24	Research	Research	NNP
12483	300	25	16	16	CD
12483	300	26	,	,	,
12483	300	27	(	(	-LRB-
12483	300	28	2002	2002	CD
12483	300	29	)	)	-RRB-
12483	300	30	:	:	:
12483	300	31	321–57	321–57	CD
12483	300	32	,	,	,
12483	300	33	https://doi.org/10.1613/jair.953	https://doi.org/10.1613/jair.953	NNS
12483	300	34	.	.	.
12483	301	1	31	31	CD
12483	301	2	Uğur	Uğur	NNP
12483	301	3	Mertoğlu	Mertoğlu	NNP
12483	301	4	and	and	CC
12483	301	5	Burkay	Burkay	NNP
12483	301	6	Genç	Genç	NNP
12483	301	7	,	,	,
12483	301	8	“	"	``
12483	301	9	Lexicon	Lexicon	NNP
12483	301	10	Generation	Generation	NNP
12483	301	11	for	for	IN
12483	301	12	Detecting	detect	VBG
12483	301	13	Fake	Fake	NNP
12483	301	14	News	News	NNP
12483	301	15	,	,	,
12483	301	16	”	"	''
12483	301	17	arXiv	arXiv	NNP
12483	301	18	preprint	preprint	NN
12483	301	19	arXiv:2010.11089	arXiv:2010.11089	NNP
12483	301	20	(	(	-LRB-
12483	301	21	2020	2020	CD
12483	301	22	)	)	-RRB-
12483	301	23	.	.	.
12483	302	1	32	32	CD
12483	302	2	Burak	Burak	NNP
12483	302	3	Bezirci	Bezirci	NNP
12483	302	4	,	,	,
12483	302	5	and	and	CC
12483	302	6	Asım	Asım	NNP
12483	302	7	Egemen	Egemen	NNP
12483	302	8	Yilmaz	Yilmaz	NNP
12483	302	9	,	,	,
12483	302	10	“	"	``
12483	302	11	Metinlerin	Metinlerin	NNP
12483	302	12	Okunabilirliğinin	Okunabilirliğinin	NNP
12483	302	13	Ölçülmesi	Ölçülmesi	NNP
12483	302	14	Üzerine	Üzerine	NNP
12483	302	15	Bir	Bir	NNP
12483	302	16	Yazilim	Yazilim	NNP
12483	302	17	Kütüphanesi	Kütüphanesi	NNP
12483	302	18	Ve	Ve	NNP
12483	302	19	Türkçe	Türkçe	NNP
12483	302	20	Için	Için	NNP
12483	302	21	Yeni	Yeni	NNP
12483	302	22	Bir	Bir	NNP
12483	302	23	Okunabilirlik	Okunabilirlik	NNP
12483	302	24	Ölçütü	Ölçütü	NNP
12483	302	25	,	,	,
12483	302	26	”	"	''
12483	302	27	Dokuz	Dokuz	NNP
12483	302	28	Eylül	Eylül	NNP
12483	302	29	Üniversitesi	Üniversitesi	NNP
12483	302	30	https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0105937	https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0105937	NN
12483	302	31	https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/sis_research/4630	https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/sis_research/4630	ADD
12483	302	32	https://doi.org/10.1145/3137597.3137600	https://doi.org/10.1145/3137597.3137600	ADD
12483	302	33	https://doi.org10.1109	https://doi.org10.1109	NNP
12483	302	34	/	/	SYM
12483	302	35	MIS.2019.2899143	MIS.2019.2899143	NNP
12483	302	36	https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0093650218777177	https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0093650218777177	NNP
12483	302	37	https://doi.org/10.1145/3132847.3132877	https://doi.org/10.1145/3132847.3132877	ADD
12483	302	38	https://doi.org/10.1145/3219819.3219903	https://doi.org/10.1145/3219819.3219903	ADD
12483	302	39	https://www.huffingtonpost.in/entry/facebook-twitter-may-face-more-scrutiny-in-2019-to-check-fake-news-hate-speech_in_5c29c589e4b05c88b701d72e	https://www.huffingtonpost.in/entry/facebook-twitter-may-face-more-scrutiny-in-2019-to-check-fake-news-hate-speech_in_5c29c589e4b05c88b701d72e	NNP
12483	302	40	https://www.huffingtonpost.in/entry/facebook-twitter-may-face-more-scrutiny-in-2019-to-check-fake-news-hate-speech_in_5c29c589e4b05c88b701d72e	https://www.huffingtonpost.in/entry/facebook-twitter-may-face-more-scrutiny-in-2019-to-check-fake-news-hate-speech_in_5c29c589e4b05c88b701d72e	NNP
12483	302	41	https://doi.org/10.1613/jair.953	https://doi.org/10.1613/jair.953	VBZ
12483	302	42	INFORMATION	INFORMATION	VBN
12483	302	43	TECHNOLOGY	technology	NN
12483	302	44	AND	and	CC
12483	302	45	LIBRARIES	library	NNS
12483	302	46	DECEMBER	DECEMBER	NNP
12483	302	47	2020	2020	CD
12483	302	48	AUTOMATED	AUTOMATED	NNP
12483	302	49	FAKE	FAKE	NNP
12483	302	50	NEWS	NEWS	NNP
12483	302	51	DETECTION	detection	VB
12483	302	52	IN	in	IN
12483	302	53	THE	the	DT
12483	302	54	AGE	AGE	NNP
12483	302	55	OF	of	IN
12483	302	56	DIGITAL	DIGITAL	NNP
12483	302	57	LIBRARIES	library	NNS
12483	302	58	|	|	NNP
12483	302	59	MERTOĞLU	MERTOĞLU	NNS
12483	302	60	AND	and	CC
12483	302	61	GENÇ	genç	VBP
12483	302	62	19	19	CD
12483	302	63	Mühendislik	Mühendislik	NNP
12483	302	64	Fakültesi	Fakültesi	NNP
12483	302	65	Fen	Fen	NNP
12483	302	66	ve	ve	JJ
12483	302	67	Mühendislik	Mühendislik	NNP
12483	302	68	Dergisi	Dergisi	NNP
12483	302	69	12	12	CD
12483	302	70	,	,	,
12483	302	71	no	no	UH
12483	302	72	.	.	.
12483	303	1	3	3	CD
12483	303	2	(	(	-LRB-
12483	303	3	2010	2010	CD
12483	303	4	)	)	-RRB-
12483	303	5	:	:	:
12483	303	6	49–62	49–62	CD
12483	303	7	,	,	,
12483	303	8	https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/deumffmd/issue/40831/492667	https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/deumffmd/issue/40831/492667	ADD
12483	303	9	.	.	.
12483	304	1	33	33	CD
12483	304	2	Robert	Robert	NNP
12483	304	3	Gunning	Gunning	NNP
12483	304	4	,	,	,
12483	304	5	“	"	``
12483	304	6	The	the	DT
12483	304	7	technique	technique	NN
12483	304	8	of	of	IN
12483	304	9	clear	clear	JJ
12483	304	10	writing	writing	NN
12483	304	11	,	,	,
12483	304	12	”	"	''
12483	304	13	Revised	Revised	NNP
12483	304	14	Edition	Edition	NNP
12483	304	15	,	,	,
12483	304	16	New	New	NNP
12483	304	17	York	York	NNP
12483	304	18	:	:	:
12483	304	19	McGraw	McGraw	NNP
12483	304	20	Hill	Hill	NNP
12483	304	21	,	,	,
12483	304	22	1968	1968	CD
12483	304	23	.	.	.
12483	305	1	34	34	CD
12483	305	2	Ender	Ender	NNP
12483	305	3	Ateşman	Ateşman	NNP
12483	305	4	,	,	,
12483	305	5	“	"	``
12483	305	6	Türkçede	Türkçede	NNS
12483	305	7	Okunabilirliğin	Okunabilirliğin	NNP
12483	305	8	Ölçülmesi	Ölçülmesi	NNP
12483	305	9	,	,	,
12483	305	10	”	"	''
12483	305	11	Dil	Dil	NNP
12483	305	12	Dergisi	Dergisi	NNP
12483	305	13	58	58	CD
12483	305	14	,	,	,
12483	305	15	no	no	UH
12483	305	16	.	.	.
12483	306	1	71–74	71–74	CD
12483	306	2	(	(	-LRB-
12483	306	3	1997	1997	CD
12483	306	4	)	)	-RRB-
12483	306	5	.	.	.
12483	307	1	https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/deumffmd/issue/40831/492667	https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/deumffmd/issue/40831/492667	NNP
12483	307	2	ABSTRACT	ABSTRACT	NNP
12483	307	3	INTRODUCTION	INTRODUCTION	NNP
12483	307	4	LITERATURE	LITERATURE	NNP
12483	307	5	REVIEW	REVIEW	NNP
12483	307	6	METHODOLOGY	METHODOLOGY	NNP
12483	307	7	Framework	Framework	NNP
12483	307	8	Model	Model	NNP
12483	307	9	Dataset	dataset	NN
12483	307	10	Features	Features	NNP
12483	307	11	EXPERIMENTAL	EXPERIMENTAL	NNP
12483	307	12	RESULTS	result	NNS
12483	307	13	AND	and	CC
12483	307	14	DISCUSSION	discussion	NN
12483	307	15	CONCLUSION	CONCLUSION	NNP
12483	307	16	AND	and	CC
12483	307	17	FUTURE	FUTURE	NNP
12483	307	18	WORK	work	NN
12483	307	19	ENDNOTES	endnote	NNS