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AlmaTourism	
  Special	
  Issue	
  N.	
  4,	
  2015:	
  Editoriale	
  
 
	
   	
   	
   	
   	
  

almatourism.unibo.it	
  ISSN	
  2036-­‐5195	
  	
  

 

I 

	
  
EDITORIAL	
  
Enrico	
  Nicosia,	
  Fiorella	
  Dallari	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
Almatourism	
   continues	
   with	
   this	
   fourth	
   special	
   issue	
   to	
   offer	
   its	
   support	
   to	
  
conferences,	
  events,	
  projects	
  and	
  associations	
  devoted	
  to	
  tourism	
  and	
  its	
  cross-­‐
fertilization.	
  Film-­‐induced	
  tourism	
  is	
  the	
  topic	
  of	
  the	
  first	
  	
  edition	
  for	
  2015	
  (	
  two	
  
special	
  issues	
  in	
  addition	
  to	
  half-­‐yearly	
  issues).	
  
This	
   issue	
   edited	
   by	
   Enrico	
   Nicosia,	
   researcher	
   in	
   Geography,	
   Department	
   of	
  
Education,	
  Cultural	
  Heritage	
  and	
  Tourism	
  -­‐	
  University	
  of	
  Macerata,	
  collects	
  17	
  
essays	
   by	
   27	
   authors	
   among	
   national	
   and	
   foreign	
   academic	
   researchers	
  
(University	
   of	
   Santiago	
   de	
   Compostela,	
   Kodolanyi	
   Janos	
   University	
   of	
   Applied	
  
Sciences	
   in	
   Hungary,	
   Ashland	
   University	
   and	
   Arizona	
   State	
   University	
   in	
   the	
  
United	
  States,	
  La	
  Trobe	
  University	
  in	
  Australia),	
  and	
  professionals.	
  	
  
The	
  tourism	
  industry	
  is	
  characterized	
  by	
  a	
  cross-­‐fertilization	
  that	
  resonates	
  with	
  
other	
   areas	
   and	
   creates	
   interdependencies.	
   For	
   this	
   reason,	
   tourism	
   can	
  
become	
  the	
  engine	
  of	
  the	
  local	
  economy	
  and	
  the	
  synergy	
  between	
  tourism	
  and	
  
culture	
   can	
   prove	
   to	
   become	
   a	
   winning	
   combination.	
   The	
   need	
   for	
  
diversification	
   and	
   personalization	
   has	
   priority.	
   The	
   tourists,	
   through	
   the	
  
interaction	
   between	
   use	
   and	
   experience,	
   become	
   themselves	
   actors	
   that	
   can	
  
generate	
  territorial	
  value.	
  It	
  follows	
  that	
  the	
  tourist	
  market	
  should	
  be	
  managed	
  
in	
   an	
   innovative	
   way.	
   The	
   new	
   movietourist	
   approach	
   intends,	
   therefore,	
   to	
  
identifier	
   hidden	
   needs	
   in	
   the	
   movements	
   of	
   the	
   new	
   tourist.	
   Stimulated	
   by	
  
images	
   conveyed	
   in	
   a	
   non-­‐tourist	
   context,	
   he/she	
   becomes	
   interested	
   in	
   the	
  
location	
  shown.	
  
The	
  pioneering	
  studies	
  on	
  the	
  subject	
  were	
  published	
  by	
  Cohen	
  in	
  1986,	
  Butler	
  
in	
  1990	
  and	
  later	
  Riley,	
  Baker	
  and	
  Van	
  Doren	
  who	
  in	
  the	
  90’s,	
  published	
  some	
  
interesting	
  results.	
  Investigations	
  in	
  this	
  field	
  of	
  academic	
  research,	
  proceeded	
  
slowly,	
  although	
  in	
  2005	
  Sue	
  Beeton,	
  as	
  Australian	
  scholar	
  at	
  the	
  University	
  of	
  
La	
  Trobe,	
  provided	
  a	
  significant	
  contribution	
  to	
  the	
  advancement	
  of	
  the	
  studies	
  
that	
  analyze	
  this	
  particular	
  tourist	
  experience,	
  through	
  hes	
  work	
  Film	
  Induced	
  
Tourism.	
  In	
  Italy	
  	
  we	
  started	
  talking	
  about	
  film	
  tourism	
  when	
  these	
  occasional	
  
and	
   niche	
   flows	
   have	
   become	
   important	
   opportunities	
   for	
   the	
   revival	
   of	
   the	
  
tourism	
  sector	
  in	
  those	
  places	
  in	
  which	
  were	
  carried	
  out	
  the	
  filming	
  of	
  movies	
  or	
  
TV	
  series,	
  as	
  happened	
  in	
  Piedmont,	
  thanks	
  to	
  TV	
  fiction	
  Elisa	
  di	
  Rivombrosa,	
  in	
  
Umbria	
   with	
   the	
   TV	
   series	
   Don	
   Matteo	
   and	
   Sicily	
   with	
   the	
   episodes	
   of	
  
Commissario	
   Montalbano,	
   based	
   on	
   the	
   novels	
   of	
   the	
   writer	
   Camilleri	
   and	
  
recently	
  in	
  Cilento,	
  Castellabate,	
  after	
  the	
  success	
  of	
  Benvenuti	
  al	
  Sud.	
  
The	
  Italian	
  definition	
  of	
  film	
  tourism	
  differs	
  somewhat	
  from	
  that	
  of	
  the	
  Anglo-­‐
Saxon	
  Movie	
  or	
  Film	
  Induced	
  Tourism,	
  but,	
  even	
  if	
  it	
  is	
  inspired	
  to	
  it,	
  refers	
  to	
  
the	
  relationship	
  between	
  film	
  products	
  and	
  tourist	
  product,	
  which	
  can	
  occur:	
  in	
  



AlmaTourism	
  Special	
  Issue	
  N.	
  4,	
  2015:	
  Editoriale	
  
 
	
   	
   	
   	
   	
  

almatourism.unibo.it	
  ISSN	
  2036-­‐5195	
  	
  

 

II 

the	
  search	
  for	
  information	
  about	
  the	
  location,	
  during	
  the	
  vision	
  of	
  a	
  film	
  and	
  in	
  
the	
   purchase	
   of	
   a	
   tourist	
   product.	
   The	
   film-­‐induced	
   tourism	
   is	
   defined	
   by	
  
Beeton	
   as	
   "visitation	
   to	
   sites	
   where	
   movies	
   and	
   TV	
   Programmes	
   have	
   been	
  
filmed	
  as	
  well	
  as	
  to	
  tour	
  to	
  production	
  studios,	
  including	
  movie-­‐related	
  theme	
  
parks	
   ...	
   .	
  what	
   is	
   it	
  of	
   interest	
   is	
  the	
  tourist	
  activity	
  associated	
  with	
  the	
  film	
  
industry	
  "(Beeton	
  2005,	
  p.9),	
  while,	
  for	
  the	
  Scottish	
  Tourism	
  Board,	
  (1991)	
  as	
  
"the	
   business	
   of	
   attracting	
   visitors	
   through	
   the	
   portrayal	
   of	
   the	
   place	
   or	
   a	
  
place's	
  storylines	
  in	
  film,	
  video	
  and	
  television."	
  Moreover	
  Riley	
  and	
  Van	
  Doren	
  
liken	
  the	
  film-­‐induced	
  tourism	
  to	
  Hallmark	
  events	
  as	
  defined	
  by	
  Ritchie:	
  "Major	
  
one-­‐time	
   or	
   recurring	
   events	
   of	
   limited	
   duration	
   Primarily	
   developed	
   to	
  
Enhance	
  the	
  awareness,	
  appeal	
  and	
  profitability	
  of	
  a	
  destination	
   in	
  the	
  short	
  
and	
  /	
  or	
  long	
  term.	
  These	
  events	
  rely	
  For	
  Their	
  success	
  on	
  uniqueness,	
  status,	
  or	
  
timely	
  significance	
  to	
  create	
  interest	
  and	
  attract	
  attention	
  "(Ritchie,	
  cit.	
  In	
  Riley	
  
&	
  Van	
  Doren,	
  1992,	
  p.	
  268).	
  Grenier,	
  however,	
  stressed	
  that	
  the	
  "cinétourisme	
  
comprend	
  aussi	
  des	
  célébrités	
  the	
  workship.	
  Décédées	
  même,	
  les	
  Personalities	
  
du	
  cinéma,	
  comme	
  de	
  la	
  musique	
  du	
  monde	
  ou	
  politique	
  de	
  continuent	
  susciter	
  
the	
  intérêt	
  du	
  public,	
  et	
  en	
  particulier	
  des	
  fans	
  here	
  souhaitent	
  if	
  recueillir	
  sur	
  la	
  
pierre	
  de	
  ces	
   icônes	
  tombstone,	
  surtout	
   lorsque	
  emportées	
  prématurément	
  -­‐	
  
Marilyn	
  Monroe,	
  James	
  Dean,	
  George	
  Reeves,	
  Farrah	
  Fawcett,	
  etc.	
  "(Grenier,	
  
2011,	
  p.	
  80).	
  
	
  
The	
   essays	
   are	
   overall	
   very	
   different	
   case	
   studies	
   with	
   destinations	
   and	
  
locations,	
  as	
  places	
  or	
  “placesseness”,	
  such	
  as	
  :	
  the	
  Way	
  of	
  St.	
  James	
  or	
  Camino	
  
de	
  Santiago,	
  one	
  of	
  the	
  most	
  historical	
  and	
  relevant	
  European	
  cultural	
  routes,	
  
Budapest,	
   Malta	
   and	
   the	
   Fårö	
   Island,	
   Marche	
   and	
   Basilicata	
   regions,	
   the	
  
cityscape	
   of	
   Naples,	
   Sicily	
   and	
   	
   Marzamemi,	
   and	
   the	
   American	
   perception	
   of	
  
Sicily.	
   	
   You	
   can	
   see	
   the	
   tourism	
   generated	
   by	
   the	
   television	
   period	
   drama	
   as	
  
"Downton	
  Abbey"	
  in	
  Highclere	
  Castle	
  and	
  the	
  village	
  of	
  Bampton	
  in	
  Oxfordshire,	
  
or	
   the	
   film-­‐reinduced	
   tourism	
   by	
   the	
   numerous	
   movies	
   (1923-­‐2012)	
   devoted	
  
the	
  Hatfield-­‐McCoy	
  Feud.	
  Thus	
  the	
  fan	
  culture	
  studies	
  posits	
  a	
  cross	
  disciplinary	
  
approach	
   using	
   fan	
   studies	
   to	
   inform	
   tourism	
   research,	
   as	
   in	
   the	
   case	
   of	
  
“Shawshank	
   Trail”	
   or	
   the	
   adaptation-­‐induced	
   Tourism	
   for	
   consumers	
   of	
  
literature	
  on	
  screen,	
  as	
  in	
  the	
  case	
  of	
  the	
  experience	
  of	
  Jane	
  Austen	
  fans.	
  
In	
  a	
  broader	
  and	
  deeper	
  geopolitical	
  vision,	
  as	
  shown	
  by	
  some	
  authors,	
  thanks	
  
to	
  many	
  movies	
  and	
  audiovisual	
  works,	
  the	
  film-­‐induced	
  tourism	
  can	
  be	
  one	
  of	
  
the	
  possible	
  ways	
  to	
  enhance	
  European	
  visibility,	
  its	
  entirety	
  rather	
  than	
  a	
  set	
  of	
  
destinations.	
   This	
   can	
   encourage	
   cooperation	
   between	
   the	
   Member	
   States	
  
especially	
   in	
   creating	
   and	
   developing	
   trans-­‐border	
   thematic	
   tourist	
   products	
  
and	
   experiences.	
   The	
   same	
   is	
   true	
   for	
   various	
   representations	
   of	
   social	
   life,	
  
including	
   the	
   poverty	
   and	
   degradation	
   of	
   the	
   poorest	
   urban	
   areas	
   of	
   the	
  
developing	
  world	
  stimulating	
  awareness	
  and	
  social	
  engagement	
  for	
  responsible	
  
film-­‐induced	
  tourism.	
  



AlmaTourism	
  Special	
  Issue	
  N.	
  4,	
  2015:	
  Editoriale	
  
 
	
   	
   	
   	
   	
  

almatourism.unibo.it	
  ISSN	
  2036-­‐5195	
  	
  

 

III 

This	
  phenomenon	
  has	
  seen	
  appreciable	
  growth	
  and	
  represents	
  a	
  considerable	
  
opportunity	
  for	
  many	
  communities	
  to	
  use	
  filming	
  locations,	
  as	
  	
  seen	
  in	
  popular	
  
movies	
  and/or	
  television	
  to	
  draw	
  additional	
  visitors	
  and	
  potential	
  new	
  tourists	
  
(children	
   in	
   cartoons-­‐induced	
   tourism?).	
   In	
   recent	
   times,	
   film	
   tourism	
   has	
  
become	
  one	
  of	
  the	
  fastest-­‐growing	
  tourism	
  niches	
  in	
  the	
  world.