id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentences	flesch	summary	cache	txt
cord-350817-tmszrtju	Hoepel, Willianne	Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG from severely ill COVID-19 patients promotes macrophage hyper-inflammatory responses	2020-07-13		.txt	text/plain	5626	296	47	Here, we show that anti-Spike IgG from serum of severely ill COVID-19 patients induces a hyper-inflammatory response by human macrophages, which subsequently breaks pulmonary endothelial barrier integrity and induces microvascular thrombosis. Taken together, these data demonstrate that anti-Spike IgG immune complexes generated from serum of severely ill COVID-19 patients induce a strong pro-inflammatory response by (otherwise immunosuppressive) human M2 macrophages, which is characterized by high production of classical cytokine storm mediators such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF. As shown in Figure 4A , the used human macrophage model highly expressed all FcγRs. To determine whether FcγRs are involved in activation by anti-Spike immune complexes, we blocked the different FcγRs with specific antibodies during stimulation, and analyzed cytokine production. In conclusion, our data show that anti-Spike IgG from serum of severely ill COVID-19 patients strongly amplifies pro-inflammatory responses by human macrophages, and can contribute to subsequent endothelial barrier disruption and thrombosis.	./cache/cord-350817-tmszrtju.txt	./txt/cord-350817-tmszrtju.txt