cord-000011-seass3p0	2008	
cord-000017-gcjgfasj	2008	
cord-000130-dqqcajjd	2009	
cord-000244-wrru98zg	2010	
cord-000857-2qds187e	2012	
cord-000916-b22s00es	2013	
cord-001169-6sfleb1b	2014	CONCLUSIONS: Local public health professionals can monitor the temporal and spatial trends plus spatio-temporal clusters and isolation rate of EV-71 in mild and severe EV cases in a community when virus transmission is high, to provide early warning signals and to prevent subsequent severe epidemics. The specific aims of this study were: (1) to elucidate the spatio-temporal correlations between the mild and severe enterovirus cases through integrating the data of the three enterovirusrelated surveillance systems, including the sentinel physician, national notifiable diseases and laboratory surveillance systems in Taiwan, (2) to find out the feasibility of establishing an early warning signal using the increasing numbers of mild EV-71 cases and their lag time periods to appearance of severe EV-71 cases, and (3) to evaluate the trends of severe EV-71 cases over a 9.5-year period for providing better recommendations on public health efforts in the future.
cord-001355-up8ii8vw	2014	
cord-001506-2gzi3fo9	2014	title: "Only your blood can tell the story" – a qualitative research study using semistructured interviews to explore the hepatitis B related knowledge, perceptions and experiences of remote dwelling Indigenous Australians and their health care providers in northern Australia The aim of this research project was to explore the knowledge, perceptions and experiences of remote dwelling Indigenous adults and their health care providers relating to hepatitis B infection with a view to using this as the evidence base to develop a culturally appropriate educational tool. All participants were shown two existing resources; an animation about the liver and its function (chosen as it was part of an electronic education package targeted at Indigenous Australians) and a flip chart, (developed in Victoria, Australia, intended for use in the clinic setting and aimed mainly at Asian individuals) about hepatitis B and asked to comment on them as a way of generating ideas/preferences for any future educational tool.
cord-001634-mi5gcfcw	2015	In relation to pandemic influenza, public communications feature in preparedness and response planning which requires that members of the general public adopt measures during a public health emergency, including: hygiene (e.g., covering the mouth and nose when sneezing or coughing, washing hands, keeping surfaces clean, avoiding sharing personal items) and the avoidance of close contact with others [4] . This paper, therefore, uses inductive, qualitative research methods to develop new knowledge on how members of the general population respond to pandemic influenza, set against the backdrop of the assumed resistance on the part of the general public and related critiques, including, health risk fatigue, the risk communication dilemma and individualism. The research aimed to identify how members of the general public respond to pandemic influenza so that public health communications can be designed to engage with how its audiences respond to risk messages and how they enact hygiene, social isolation and related measures.
cord-004106-tuyzhhwx	2020	
cord-004638-ijncfuxi	2020	In this study, we use the data from a chronic disease management information system in Shanghai to estimate vaccination coverage and characterize predictors of seasonal influenza and 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) vaccination among people with chronic disease in Shanghai. The elderly and patients with chronic disease including diabetes, COPD and heart disease are recommended to be priority groups for pneumococcal and influenza vaccination by the World Health Organization (WHO) [15, 16] and by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [17] . In this study, we use the data from a chronic disease management information system in Shanghai to estimate vaccination coverage and characterize predictors of influenza and pneumococcal vaccination among people with chronic disease in Shanghai. In a large sample of individuals with chronic diseases residing in Shanghai, China, we found low pneumococcal vaccination coverage over a 4-year study period and even lower influenza vaccine coverage.
cord-009604-pdctikjg	2020	
cord-028048-0oqv2jom	2020	
cord-031017-xjnbmah5	2020	
cord-048319-yxhk1qm3	2006	
cord-252675-axio9zna	2010	
cord-253814-9hu5k31y	2012	We aimed to describe physicians'' perceptions infectious diseases specialists/medical microbiologists (IDMM) and public health/preventive medicine specialists (PHPMS) in regards to issues encountered with the pandemics management at the physician level and highlight suggested improvements for future healthcare emergencies. Coordination issues included communication, clinical practice guidelines, decision-making, roles and responsibilities, epidemiological investigation, and public health expert advisory committees. In line with this mandate and in the face of public criticisms [12] and members'' frustrations with the overall pH1N1 management, Quebec associations of infectious diseases and medical microbiologists (AMMIQ) and of public health and preventive medicine (AMSSCQ) surveyed their members in preparation for a joint, interdisciplinary CME activity, to identify learning needs as to WHO guidelines for effective healthcare emergencies response and perceived implementation issues as experienced during the influenza A (H1N1) pandemic (pH1N1). We report the results of a secondary analysis of this exploratory survey, describing AMMIQ and AMSSCQ members'' perceptions of critical issues in regards to pandemic management, and highlight suggested improvements.
cord-256750-5m7psxri	2020	Acute infectious outbreaks of Emerging Infectious Diseases (EIDs) are known to influence the physical as well as the mental health of affected patients, as observed during similar events such as the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreak [3] , which was associated with such issues during the acute phase [4] and the long-term follow-up phase [5, 6] . Thus, the present study explored mental health issues and related factors in MERS survivors 12 months after the outbreak to determine the long-term psychological outcomes of this population. The univariate analysis revealed that several factors were significantly associated with PTSD, including previous psychiatry history, having a family member who died from MERS, depression and anxiety during the MERSaffected period, greater perceived stigma currently and during the illness, and negative coping strategies (Table S2) . Our study showed that nearly half the assessed MERS survivors experienced significant mental health problems, including PTSD and depression, at 12 months post-MERS.
cord-258435-lhn34tc4	2009	CONCLUSION: To engender strong public support for quarantine and other restrictive measures, government officials and public health policy-makers would do well to implement a comprehensive system of supports and safeguards, to educate and inform frontline public health workers, and to engage the public at large in an open dialogue on the ethical use of restrictive measures during infectious disease outbreaks. In view of the evidence of potential adverse effects on individual well-being and psychosocial health, and owing to the critical necessity of high compliance in the event of a major infectious disease outbreak, it is increasingly important to understand how quarantine is perceived by the general public. The data reported in this paper are derived from a subset of 15 survey items specifically designed to measure public attitudes towards the use of quarantine during infectious disease outbreaks.
cord-262190-velir6gb	2014	The study was conducted during the influenza H1N1 2009 pandemic and included 801 migrant participants living in border areas thought to be high risk by the Thailand Ministry of Public Health. CONCLUSIONS: Negative or ambivalent attitudes towards NPIs combined with other barriers identified suggest that vulnerable migrants in Thailand have a limited capacity to participate in pandemic preparedness efforts. We hope that this information will help us to gauge the capacity of individuals within the vulnerable migrant community to participate in pandemic preparedness and response efforts, and to identify potential barriers to NPI effectiveness. Future research efforts should continue to assess the perceptions and ability of diverse populations relating to implementation of NPIs. These data could provide valuable information to public health agencies with regard to planning for future outbreaks and pandemics and assessing risk communication and public education activities.
cord-262413-jm4qmpeg	2020	
cord-263353-4mnsjbib	2014	The departments involved in this surveillance are the Division of Epidemiology, the National Influenza Reference Laboratory (NIL) hosted by the Institut National d''Hygiène (INH), and the sentinel sites located at the Hôpital de Bè and Military Health Services in the capital city Lomé (Figure 1) . The ILI sentinel surveillance sites were selected based on their accessibility and affordability to patients with low socioeconomic status, the qualifications of medical staff, adequate specimen storage capacity, and an established transportation system to the National Influenza Reference Laboratory (NIL). The study population included every outpatient, between April 2010 to December 2012, presenting at any of the sentinel sites and meeting the ILI case definitions regardless of age or sex and who consented to participate in the surveillance.
cord-267485-1fu1blu0	2006	All PHI in this system is initially processed within the secured infrastructure of the health care provider that collects and holds the data, using uniform software distributed and supported by the NDP. In the more traditional type of system, individual patient records, often containing potentially identifiable information, such as date of birth and exact or approximate home address, are transferred, usually in electronic form, preferably through some secured method, to a central secured repository, where statistical tools can be used to develop and refine surveillance procedures. These standard line lists are used most often to support requests by public health agencies for additional information about the individual cases that contribute to clusters identified in the aggregate data. In our experience, such requests involve only a tiny fraction of the data that would be transferred in a centralized surveillance model, providing adequate support for public health with minimal risk of inadvertent disclosure of identifiable PHI.
cord-267978-05hxrpi1	2019	
cord-269476-lrk4ty99	2015	
cord-270184-bq5p2gs6	2020	
cord-271295-24rn45rf	2020	
cord-279376-0x4zrfw3	2018	We aimed to systematically document the seasonality of several human infectious disease pathogens in England and Wales, highlighting those organisms that appear weather-sensitive and therefore may be influenced by climate change in the future. A systematic approach to the analysis of the potential seasonality of common pathogen serotypes and their associations with multiple weather variables is required to help narrow the focus on candidate pathogens in addition to those that have been studied in depth previously. The aim of the analysis was to use several data mining techniques to identify pathogens that display a seasonal component, and describe their associations with meteorological factors as an aid to future analytical work (including forecasting) and public health planning. In this large database of infectious diseases in England and Wales, we have provided an analysis of the seasonality of common pathogens and their correlation with meteorological data.
cord-281339-enoyoorn	2019	
cord-281367-qm5a5c4b	2005	
cord-288610-a9ju5mzx	2018	
cord-290421-9v841ose	2020	
cord-291271-movbn4dn	2020	
cord-291924-1s1e6457	2018	
cord-293221-gf9wy4a9	2020	It is on this basis that this study was conducted to (assess) the knowledge, perceptions, beliefs and preventive practices against EVD in a predominantly agrarian rural community in Southwest Nigeria. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Igbogila town, Yewa North Local Government Area of Ogun State, Southwest Nigeria in the latter part of 2014 during the EVD outbreak. However, a closer look at past EVD outbreaks revealed that they often originated from rural agrarian communities where there are many misconceptions about the disease, refusal of early isolation and quarantine, and unsafe burial rites practices which aggravate epidemics [8, 9] . No case of EVD was recorded in the study area during the outbreak, nevertheless the limited data provides relevant information useful to researchers and other public health stakeholders in infectious disease prevention and control. Study on public knowledge, attitudes and practices relating to Ebola virus disease prevention and medical care in Sierra Leone
cord-293374-pjvu659c	2020	
cord-294122-ou3wj4rz	2007	
cord-302537-n1odrlvk	2015	
cord-306259-vi997dms	2010	
cord-306701-hs9cfdsu	2020	We conducted a descriptive epidemiological analysis of HIV/AIDS burden for the 16 SADC countries using secondary data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factor (GBD) Study. We assessed morbidity and mortality in the 16 SADC countries using a descriptive epidemiological analysis of HIV/AIDS burden based on secondary data from GBD study in 1990, 2005, 2010 , and 2017. The GBD study estimates country-specific incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to diseases such as HIV/AIDS. To facilitate comparison of HIV/AIDS outcomes of morbidity and mortality across countries, time, age-groups, and sex, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) improved previously established metrics like prevalence and incidence. The five leading countries with the proportion deaths attributable to HIV/AIDS in 2017 were Botswana, South Africa, Lesotho, eSwatini, and Mozambique, also had the highest age-standardized mortality, YLL, YLD rates.
cord-306865-36v9f1yz	2010	BACKGROUND: Having been overwhelmed by the complexity of the response needed for the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic, public health professionals in the small island state of Barbados put various measures in place to improve its response in the event of a pandemic METHODS: Data for this study was collected using Barbados'' National Influenza Surveillance System, which was revitalized in 2007. Data for this study was collected using Barbados'' National Infl uenza Surveillance System which is comprised of ten sentinel sites, responsible for sending weekly notifi cations to the Ministry of Health of ARI and SARI. In April 2009, after the announcement by the WHO that the world had entered pandemic phase fi ve, an enhanced testing strategy was introduced and all primary health care facilities, both private and public, were asked to take nasopharyngeal swabs from all persons who presented with fever (>38ºC) with respiratory symptoms and a travel history to an aff ected area.
cord-306972-alyyju5x	2020	In addition, none of the published studies in Sierra Leone on EVD survivors has explored the sociodemographic and health-related factors associated with EVDrelated stigma. Therefore, we examined the magnitude and the sociodemographic and health related correlates of enacted and internalised stigma among EVD survivors in Sierra Leone since their return to their communities. In addition, our study determined whether enacted and internalised stigma are possible predictors of informal healthcare service utilisation (T&CM use) among EVD survivors in Sierra Leone. This is the first nationally representative study to determine the prevalence of stigma, its sociodemographic correlates and association with informal and nonintegrated forms of health care such as T&CM use among EVD survivors in Sierra Leone. Our finding also resonates with similar short term and smaller sample size cross-sectional studies in Sierra Leone [24, 25, 48] , Liberia [20] , Guinea [49] , and DR Congo [19, 40] ,which reported that EVD survivors experience several forms of internalised and enacted stigma.
cord-309268-sig0h723	2015	title: Factors associated with uptake of influenza vaccine in people aged 50 to 64 years in Hong Kong: a case–control study This study investigates the factors associated with the uptake of influenza vaccination among adults in Hong Kong aged 50–64 years. This study aimed to find out which factors were associated with the low uptake of influenza vaccination among people aged 50-64 years in Hong Kong. The hypothesis of this study was there were differences in associated factors (variables) between those Hong Kong residents aged 50-64 years who received the influenza vaccine in 2011/12 and 2012/13, and those who did not. The majority of the cases (80.8 %) and controls (93.9 %) were not aware that they were in a group recommended by the health authority to receive influenza vaccination.
cord-312319-daiikgth	2014	title: Public knowledge and preventive behavior during a large-scale Salmonella outbreak: results from an online survey in the Netherlands During the outbreak, we conducted an online survey (n = 1,057) to assess the general public''s perceptions, knowledge, preventive behavior and sources of information. In this study, we uncovered the general public''s perceptions, knowledge, preventive behavior, and sources of information during a large, national Salmonella outbreak by a large-scale online survey. As a result, we were able to answer our main research question: Which information should health organizations convey during a largescale Salmonella outbreak, and by which channels, to maximize citizen compliance with preventive advice? We developed an online survey to assess the general public''s perceptions, knowledge, preventive behavior, and information use during the 2012 Salmonella Thompson outbreak. Public knowledge and preventive behavior during a large-scale Salmonella outbreak: results from an online survey in the Netherlands
cord-312738-p5macofk	2019	
cord-312986-nz8uc7sl	2020	
cord-313472-skcaw9ls	2020	
cord-313762-qssbwz28	2013	
cord-316278-niurdu7t	2008	The relationship between number of TB patients and days of delayed treatment after diagnosis exhibited a Power-law distribution. The days of delayed treatment of TB patients exhibited a Power-law distribution with a 95% statistical significance, indicating that most patients were treated immediately after diagnosis. Our study also revealed a Power-law distribution in TB treatment, suggesting that while most TB cases are controlled by public health authorities, the few patients who experience long delays in treatment can cause serious transmission. It is worth noting that a Powerlaw distribution in TB treatment, suggesting that while most TB cases are controlled by public health authorities, the few patients who experience long delays in treatment can cause serious risk for transmission [29, 30] . Patient and health care system delay in the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis Patient and health system delay in the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis in Southern Taiwan
cord-318585-cp76qr9f	2016	BACKGROUND: While the risk of severe complications of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and its determinants have been explored in previous studies, a systematic analysis of published articles with different designs and populations has yet to be conducted. We identified older age, male sex and underlying medical conditions, including diabetes mellitus, renal disease, respiratory disease, heart disease and hypertension, as clinical predictors of death associated with MERS. PICO statement: Our study question is focused on laboratory confirmed cases of MERS regardless of their treatment status, and thus, involves only retrospective observational studies, measuring their risks of admission to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and death and comparing those risks by age, gender and underlying comorbidities. The present study systematically reviewed the risk of severe manifestations and death by MERS by systematically searching and analyzing published articles from the KSA and the ROK and calculating not only the CFR but [16] . For Fig. 4 Estimated risks associated with Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) by study design.
cord-318872-0e5zjaz1	2018	BACKGROUND: Since Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) infection was first reported in 2012, many studies have analysed its transmissibility and severity. The incubation period was reported to be 6.83-7 days in South Korea [4, 5] , but 5.5 in a study using data from multiple areas [6] and 5.2 in Saudi Arabia [7] . Although one study from Saudi Arabia reported longer than 17 days from onset to death [36] , Sha et al., comparing data between the Middle East and South Korea, reported similar periods of 11.5 and 11 days, respectively [29] . Mortality of MERS patients was found to be 20.4% in South Korea based on a report including all cases [27] , but most studies from Saudi Arabia reported higher rates, from 22 to 69.2% [7, 22, 33, [37] [38] [39] . Risk factors for transmission of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection during the 2015 outbreak in South Korea
cord-321752-agzb8aac	2019	Selection of countries for placement of GDD RCs was based on a number of factors, including: 1) country interest in hosting a GDD RC, including track-record of previous successful collaborations with US government agencies 2) high burden or perceived high burden of infectious diseases in the country or region, 3) potential for infectious disease emergence, and 4) a need to strengthen or improve public health infrastructure to detect and respond to infectious disease outbreaks. The work of the GDD RCs has been guided by two overarching objectives or principles: 1) to conduct cutting edge public health science, including original research, and to generate solid data to inform public health policy decisions, and help guide public health capacity building, and 2) to have forward-deployed assets or pre-positioned staff, equipment and supplies to Map of GDD Regional Centers (GDD RCs) and outbreak support provided by the GDD RCs from 2007 to 2016.
cord-321754-sy3ncwgw	2010	
cord-323190-wisaamn7	2012	
cord-326645-m2e91ffv	2020	
cord-327180-yw8rzrb7	2009	
cord-327461-ohgkgvry	2020	
cord-328579-3kxszvha	2010	
cord-330180-lvn4hqk5	2013	
cord-332563-oo8wler1	2017	
cord-333299-dmkdsy1r	2020	Random (individual-level) and fixed (within-twin pair) effects regression models were used to measure the associations between educational attainment, health behaviours and sickness absence and to test the effects of possible familial confounding. After adjustment for unobserved familial factors (genetic and environmental factors shared by twin pairs), the associations were strongly attenuated and non-significant, with the exception of health behaviors and sickness absence among men in the older cohort. A population-based study among year olds in Finland, found that lifestyle factors including smoking, physical exercise, sleeping problems, alcohol consumption and obesity altoghether explained about 15% of the educational differences in sickness absence, with a stronger effect among women [10] . The key findings of the present study were that on the population level, educational attainment and health behaviors were prospectively associated with sickness absence among both women and men, as well as older and younger cohorts.
cord-333467-de2aimuj	2011	
cord-333527-66dfphxq	2010	Four questions related to respondents'' anticipated compliance with a physician''s advice to stay home if they had a common cold, seasonal influenza, pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza or avian influenza were incorporated into QSS 2009, with responses recorded using a balanced Likert scale ranging from "very unlikely" to "very likely." Discordance between responses for different diseases was analysed using McNemar''s test. This study was undertaken during the height of the Australian pandemic (H1N1) 2009 outbreak to measure self-reported willingness to comply with physician recommendations to stay home for seven days, and to compare responses for the current strain of pandemic influenza, avian influenza (H5N1), seasonal influenza, and the common cold. This study was undertaken during the height of the Australian pandemic (H1N1) 2009 outbreak to measure self-reported willingness to comply with physician recommendations to stay home for seven days, and to compare responses for the current strain of pandemic influenza, avian influenza (H5N1), seasonal influenza, and the common cold.
cord-334541-d0l0nqgh	2011	Although most other states generally experienced a higher proportion of non-resident P&I during the summer months (April-September), these states had higher nonresident P&I during the traditional peak influenza season (October-March). There are few studies that have assessed differences in patterns of influenza-related hospitalization in the Medicare population simultaneously by time of year, provider state, and state of residence. Significantly higher proportions of non-resident P&I hospitalizations occurred from October-March than in April-September in a minority of states-Arizona, California, Florida, Hawaii, Nevada, South Carolina, and Texas. Certain states, such as Hawaii, Arizona, Texas, and Florida show higher rates of non-resident P&I hospitalizations in October-March than for the time period of April-September for most states. In Florida, the proportion of all P&I hospitalizations attributable to out-of-state residents was over three times as high between October and March compared to the usual nadir of influenza activity, April through September.
cord-344050-5ulk3euw	2008	title: Gender difference in knowledge of tuberculosis and associated health-care seeking behaviors: a cross-sectional study in a rural area of China BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) detection under the national TB control program in China follows passive case-finding guidelines, which could be influenced by the accessibility of health service and patient''s health-care seeking behaviors. As case detection in the NTP in China follows WHO recommended passive case-finding guidelines, people with TB related symptoms should be identified when they seek care at a general health facility, and referred to the specialized TB dispensary for diagnosis, treatment and case management. A study in rural Inner Mongolia of China also reported that women with less education tended to be less knowledgeable about TB and were less likely to seek care than men though gender difference was not statistically significant in the quantitative survey [22] .
cord-344438-08gqn86z	2007	
cord-345417-0rxhkg7a	2013	
cord-347952-k95wrory	2012	Conclusions: To adequately address the concerns of the policymakers, we need continuing model enhancements in critical areas including: updating of epidemiological data during a pandemic, smooth handling of large demographical databases, incorporation of a broader spectrum of social-behavioral aspects, updating information for contact patterns, adaptation of recent methodologies for collecting human mobility data, and improvement of computational efficiency and accessibility. Conclusions: To adequately address the concerns of the policymakers, we need continuing model enhancements in critical areas including: updating of epidemiological data during a pandemic, smooth handling of large demographical databases, incorporation of a broader spectrum of social-behavioral aspects, updating information for contact patterns, adaptation of recent methodologies for collecting human mobility data, and improvement of computational efficiency and accessibility. Of the existing computer simulation models addressing PHP, those focused on disease spread and mitigation of pandemic influenza (PI) have been recognized by the public health officials as useful decision support tools for preparedness planning [1] .
cord-348844-4rpbsj48	2011	
cord-349426-9fuiind8	2010	The experience from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in Hong Kong has shown that general practitioners (GPs) were willing to discharge their duties despite risks of getting infected themselves. GPs could also assist in the development of protocols for primary care management of patients with flu-like illnesses and conduct clinical audits on the standards of preventive and treatment measures. Responce of health services with increasing number of possible flu cases and the existing care of other patients, risk communication, data collection and surveillance, and basic respiratory hygiene practices are all important public health measures. A study in Hong Kong amongst 2,255 health care workers showed that the overall willingness to accept pre-pandemic H5N1 vaccine was only 28.4% during a WHO influenza pandemic alert phase 3 [16] . GPs can also assist in the development of protocols for primary care management of patients with flu-like illnesses in accordance to national guidelines to avoid missing cases while at the same time preventing panics in the community.
cord-352364-yj31uwiu	2020	We reviewed the available evidence on the use of ICT-based interventions to address intimate partner violence (IPV), evaluating the effectiveness, acceptability, and suitability of ICT for addressing different aspects of the problem (e.g., awareness, screening, prevention, treatment, mental health). Key search terms included women, violence, domestic violence, intimate partner violence, information, communication technology, ICT, technology, email, mobile, phone, digital, ehealth, web, computer, online, and computerized. RESULTS: Twenty-five studies addressing screening and disclosure, IPV prevention, ICT suitability, support and women''s mental health were identified. Recent systematic reviews showed that the efficacy of ICT-based mobile apps for health (mHealth) is still limited, as research in the field lacks long-term studies and existing evidences of impact are inconsistent [52] . Longitudinal impacts of an online safety and health intervention for women experiencing intimate partner violence: randomized controlled trial ICT-based interventions for women experiencing intimate partner violence: research needs in usability and mental health
cord-352546-w3catjj3	2015