Summary of your 'study carrel' ============================== This is a summary of your Distant Reader 'study carrel'. The Distant Reader harvested & cached your content into a collection/corpus. It then applied sets of natural language processing and text mining against the collection. The results of this process was reduced to a database file -- a 'study carrel'. The study carrel can then be queried, thus bringing light specific characteristics for your collection. These characteristics can help you summarize the collection as well as enumerate things you might want to investigate more closely. This report is a terse narrative report, and when processing is complete you will be linked to a more complete narrative report. Eric Lease Morgan Number of items in the collection; 'How big is my corpus?' ---------------------------------------------------------- 38 Average length of all items measured in words; "More or less, how big is each item?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2216 Average readability score of all items (0 = difficult; 100 = easy) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 Top 50 statistically significant keywords; "What is my collection about?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 25 COVID-19 14 SARS 10 patient 2 CoV-2 2 Barré 1 vessel 1 vertical 1 vasculitis 1 transplant 1 thyroiditis 1 thrombosis 1 syndrome 1 psoriasis 1 pericarditis 1 pandemic 1 palsy 1 infant 1 gaze 1 dissection 1 disaster 1 case 1 canal 1 aortic 1 Wuhan 1 VTE 1 TTC 1 STEMI 1 PTSD 1 PBF 1 OC43 1 Nuck 1 Lemierre 1 ITP 1 Guillain 1 GBS 1 Fukushima 1 EEG 1 Clozapine 1 CVST 1 CSF 1 AKI Top 50 lemmatized nouns; "What is discussed?" --------------------------------------------- 896 patient 457 case 310 day 297 infection 248 symptom 229 disease 207 % 204 syndrome 177 coronavirus 165 care 150 risk 149 treatment 149 time 144 pandemic 143 presentation 138 study 137 diagnosis 130 admission 129 virus 129 article 119 hospital 116 history 114 pneumonia 106 report 101 chest 99 blood 98 figure 96 review 95 use 93 author 90 week 86 factor 84 thrombosis 83 rate 83 level 82 oxygen 81 pain 81 finding 80 swab 79 management 78 stroke 78 illness 77 condition 77 complication 75 peer 75 examination 75 evidence 73 test 73 term 73 fever Top 50 proper nouns; "What are the names of persons or places?" -------------------------------------------------------------- 613 COVID-19 349 SARS 285 CoV-2 140 BMJ 102 CT 75 China 75 Case 74 Guillain 70 Barré 68 L 66 Wuhan 60 mg 57 PCR 56 GBS 42 CSF 38 STEMI 37 Rep 34 al 33 et 32 RNA 31 org/ 31 ICU 30 sha 30 Nuck 27 MRI 25 ACE2 24 PTSD 24 Lemierre 24 Coronavirus 23 None 22 EEG 22 December 22 April 21 hydrocoele 20 VTE 20 Japan 20 Clozapine 20 CNS 20 C 19 Report 19 Fukushima 19 ECG 17 ST 17 Fellows 16 mL 16 http:// 16 TTE 16 March 16 Health 15 casereports.bmj.com Top 50 personal pronouns nouns; "To whom are things referred?" ------------------------------------------------------------- 335 he 196 we 161 it 156 she 122 i 77 you 35 they 28 me 18 him 7 them 6 us 6 itself 5 her 4 one 4 himself 3 themselves 2 myself 2 herself Top 50 lemmatized verbs; "What do things do?" --------------------------------------------- 2737 be 669 have 209 report 185 include 167 present 155 associate 127 follow 117 use 110 show 106 do 90 consider 88 reveal 86 increase 85 remain 82 make 80 require 80 provide 80 confirm 78 describe 77 develop 73 cause 72 give 70 perform 68 suggest 66 become 63 demonstrate 59 affect 55 review 55 declare 54 improve 53 involve 51 see 50 treat 49 relate 49 discharge 48 publish 48 know 48 continue 45 take 45 identify 42 reduce 42 lead 41 admit 39 highlight 39 diagnose 39 covid-19 38 contribute 37 test 36 find 35 determine Top 50 lemmatized adjectives and adverbs; "How are things described?" --------------------------------------------------------------------- 332 not 253 respiratory 241 acute 197 covid-19 195 clinical 170 - 164 severe 149 normal 135 also 131 further 129 high 122 other 107 viral 100 pulmonary 99 non 99 low 94 negative 93 well 93 first 92 more 91 positive 89 however 85 old 77 initial 76 such 75 medical 72 as 70 new 70 neurological 69 aortic 66 possible 64 significant 64 most 64 intensive 63 novel 62 right 60 bilateral 59 early 57 inflammatory 56 commercial 55 only 55 left 52 personal 52 common 50 recent 49 potential 49 ischaemic 48 specific 47 available 45 rapid Top 50 lemmatized superlative adjectives; "How are things described to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21 most 7 least 4 high 4 good 4 Most 3 great 3 early 2 low 2 late 2 bad 1 large Top 50 lemmatized superlative adverbs; "How do things do to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 43 most 3 least 2 youngest 2 worst 2 long 1 well Top 50 Internet domains; "What Webbed places are alluded to in this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15 www.bmj.com Top 50 URLs; "What is hyperlinked from this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------- 15 http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/permissions/ Top 50 email addresses; "Who are you gonna call?" ------------------------------------------------- 14 support@bmj.com.visi 3 support@bmj.com Top 50 positive assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-noun?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 patient did not 5 patient was afebrile 5 patient was initially 3 days following admission 2 care following myocardial 2 case described here 2 case is unique 2 case is unusual 2 case report guillain 2 covid-19 is gradually 2 covid-19 is not 2 covid-19 was positive 2 disease is not 2 patient does not 2 patient was already 2 patient was asymptomatic 2 patient was hypoxic 2 patients had neurological 2 patients is pulmonary 2 patients requiring intensive 2 presentation was primarily 2 reported confirmed cases 2 studies were not 2 symptoms became evident 1 % showed ph 1 admission was notable 1 admission were transverse 1 articles describe respiratory 1 care have aki 1 care is crucial 1 care was not 1 case had considerable 1 case presented here 1 case presented herein 1 case presents important 1 case report acute 1 case report covid-19 1 case report endothelial 1 case report hydrocele 1 case report imaging 1 case report provenance 1 case report spontaneous 1 case was only 1 case was there 1 case was unique 1 cases are more 1 cases had fever 1 cases had severe 1 cases had signs 1 cases is important Top 50 negative assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-no|not-noun?" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 disease is not yet 1 covid-19 is not fully 1 patient does not also 1 patient had no cough 1 patient had no history 1 patient is not entirely 1 patients showed no abnormalities 1 studies have not yet 1 virus is not always A rudimentary bibliography -------------------------- id = cord-300183-z3fwtwqb author = Ahmed, Taha title = Community and healthcare system-related factors feeding the phenomenon of evading medical attention for time-dependent emergencies during COVID-19 crisis date = 2020-08-25 keywords = COVID-19; STEMI; pandemic; patient summary = Moreover, a comprehensive review of literature is performed to illustrate the potential factors delaying and decreasing timely presentations and interventions for time-dependent medical emergencies like ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Moreover, a comprehensive review of literature is performed to illustrate the potential factors delaying and decreasing timely presentations and interventions for time-dependent medical emergencies like ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). There is a delay and decrease in presentations and timely interventions for medical emergencies like STEMI during the current era of COVID-19 crisis. ► Several community and healthcare-system-related factors delay and decrease the presentation and intervention for time-dependent non-communicable diseases such as STsegment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in the era of COVID-19 crisis. Delayed Presentation of Acute ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Complicated with Heart Failure in the Period of COVID-19 Pandemic -Case Report Complication of late presenting STEMI due to avoidance of medical care during the COVID-19 pandemic doi = 10.1136/bcr-2020-237817 id = cord-281121-pleula62 author = Ameer, Nasir title = Guillain-Barré syndrome presenting with COVID-19 infection date = 2020-09-14 keywords = Barré; COVID-19; Guillain summary = At least four cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome have been reported in the literature with concurrent COVID-19 illness in whom respiratory signs appeared a few days after the onset of neurological signs. During the current pandemic, presence of concurrent COVID-19 infection needs to be considered in patients presenting with Guillain-Barré syndrome. Here, we report a case of a patient with COVID-19 who presented with Guillain-Barré syndrome. 7 There have been at least 12 cases reported in the literature as of 2 May 2020 linking Guillain-Barré syndrome with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). 18 Our patient developed signs of Guillain-Barré syndrome before COVID-19 respiratory symptoms started on day 4 of weakness. ► If neurological manifestations of COVID-19 infection could appear before respiratory symptoms, it would be of utmost importance to use effective personal protective equipment, in particular for aerosol-generating procedures such as spirometry, in patients presenting with Guillain-Barré syndrome. doi = 10.1136/bcr-2020-236978 id = cord-276938-hv2ttwr8 author = Artru, Florent title = Acute immune thrombocytopaenic purpura in a patient with COVID-19 and decompensated cirrhosis date = 2020-07-07 keywords = COVID-19; ITP summary = We report on a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and decompensated cirrhosis who experienced a favourable outcome of severe immune thrombocytopaenic purpura (ITP) after administration of intravenous immunoglobulin and high-dose dexamethasone. We report on a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and decompensated cirrhosis who experienced a favourable outcome of severe immune thrombocytopaenic purpura (ITP) after administration of intravenous immunoglobulin and high-dose dexamethasone. Published data suggest that poor outcome of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is related to an excessive inflammatory reaction. Laboratory tests performed over the next days showed a rapid decrease of platelet count from baseline values around 70 g/L (chronic moderate thrombocytopaenia due to liver disease and hypersplenism) to a nadir of 1 x10 9 /L (figure 1). ► Treatment of ITP in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with high-dose dexamethasone and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) appears to be effective. doi = 10.1136/bcr-2020-236815 id = cord-285579-gvgt55o4 author = Asif, Rehan title = Rare complication of COVID-19 presenting as isolated headache date = 2020-10-29 keywords = COVID-19; CVST summary = doi = 10.1136/bcr-2020-239275 id = cord-338689-4u1ezk64 author = Ata, Fateen title = COVID-19 presenting with diarrhoea and hyponatraemia date = 2020-06-07 keywords = COVID-19; SARS summary = We present a young man with diarrhoea, abdominal pain and hyponatraemia who turned out to be positive for COVID-19. We present a young man with diarrhoea, abdominal pain and hyponatraemia who turned out to be positive for COVID-19. COVID-19 is caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). ► We recommend studies to evaluate the effectiveness of stool PCR for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 if initial nasopharyngeal PCR is negative and suspicion remains high. 4 Gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhoea, abdominal pain and vomiting have been previously seen with acute viral respiratory infections and reported recently as rare manifestations of COVID-19. 15 Our patient had acute hyponatraemia, abdominal pain and diarrhoea with minimal Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China Clinical and virological factors associated with gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with acute respiratory infection: a two-year prospective study in general practice medicine doi = 10.1136/bcr-2020-235456 id = cord-341919-8gnthufw author = Basi, Saajan title = Clinical course of a 66-year-old man with an acute ischaemic stroke in the setting of a COVID-19 infection date = 2020-08-23 keywords = COVID-19; SARS; patient summary = doi = 10.1136/bcr-2020-235920 id = cord-341246-fz66z2p2 author = Bhattacharyya, Pranab J title = Takotsubo cardiomyopathy in early term pregnancy: a rare cardiac complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection date = 2020-09-28 keywords = SARS; TTC summary = title: Takotsubo cardiomyopathy in early term pregnancy: a rare cardiac complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection A 32-year-old primigravida at a 38-week gestation was initially admitted in cardiology isolation ward on referral by her local obstetrician for inferolateral ST-segment elevation on ECG (figure 1A) which was obtained for complaints of New York Heart Association functional class II symptoms with palpitations of a 3-day duration. As typified by this index case, TTC can mimic acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and is considered to be a reversible form of cardiomyopathy characterised by a complete recovery of RWMA and LV function within weeks of presentation. 2 This is the first reported case of TTC in pregnancy as a manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection during this ongoing pandemic. ► The presentation of takotsubo cardiomyopathy can mimic STsegment elevation myocardial infarction but in the absence of angiographic evidence of significant obstructive coronary artery disease. doi = 10.1136/bcr-2020-239104 id = cord-257691-oka9d03h author = Bogaert, Kelly title = Contained aortic rupture in a term pregnant patient during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-09-15 keywords = aortic; dissection summary = This case discusses the presentation and diagnosis of a patient with an acute contained thoracic aortic aneurysm rupture at 38 weeks of gestation, after presenting with throat pain and syncope during the COVID-19 pandemic. This case discusses the presentation and diagnosis of a patient with an acute contained thoracic aortic aneurysm rupture at 38 weeks of gestation, after presenting with throat pain and syncope during the COVID-19 pandemic. 1 3 7 We present the case of a patient diagnosed with an acute aortic rupture at term during the COVID-19 pandemic. 17 The TTE findings seen in this case, along with the patient''s history of syncope, were the predominant clinical clues for the cardiology team to determine the diagnosis of aortic aneurysm rupture. Aortic dissection and rupture are rare occurrences in pregnant patients, and require a high index of clinical suspicion given the similarity of symptoms with other pathologies during pregnancy, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. doi = 10.1136/bcr-2020-238370 id = cord-276984-npgalqoz author = Dahl Mathiasen, Victor title = Uneventful case of COVID-19 in a kidney transplant recipient date = 2020-07-20 keywords = COVID-19; transplant summary = Kidney transplant recipients have been reported at a particularly high risk of severe COVID-19 illness due to chronic immunosuppression and coexisting conditions. Kidney transplant recipients have been reported at a particularly high risk of severe COVID-19 illness due to chronic immunosuppression and coexisting conditions. Fourteen days after admission, the patient still had discrete coughing and intermittent fever, and was referred to a COVID-19 drive-in test unit for an oropharyngeal swab, which was positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA using PCR. We present a case of mild COVID-19 in a patient in immunosuppressive therapy due to kidney transplantation. Tacrolimus and prednisolone were continued in our patient, although recently published data show that immunosuppressive therapy is often discontinued in kidney transplant recipients. 4 Immunosuppressive therapy was relatively modest in this case, while other risk factors favouring a severe course of COVID-19, such as hypertension, chronic kidney disease and obesity, were present. doi = 10.1136/bcr-2020-237427 id = cord-295527-d5laummv author = El-Baba, Firas title = Prolonged RNA shedding of the 2019 novel coronavirus in an asymptomatic patient with a VP shunt date = 2020-09-14 keywords = COVID-19 summary = title: Prolonged RNA shedding of the 2019 novel coronavirus in an asymptomatic patient with a VP shunt A 33-year-old man with paranoid schizophrenia and a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt was sent to our institution from an inpatient psychiatric facility due to concerns for the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). A 33-year-old man with paranoid schizophrenia and a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt was sent to our institution from an inpatient psychiatric facility due to concerns for the 2019 novel coronavirus . A 33-year-old man with paranoid schizophrenia and a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt was sent to our institution from an inpatient psychiatric facility due to concerns for the COVID-19. ► A VP shunt may predispose individuals to prolonged viral shedding of the novel coronavirus. Factors associated with prolonged viral RNA shedding in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Persistent viral shedding lasting over 60 days in a mild COVID-19 patient with ongoing positive SARS-CoV-2 doi = 10.1136/bcr-2020-237720 id = cord-296950-9dldbs6o author = El-Zein, Rayan S title = COVID-19-associated meningoencephalitis treated with intravenous immunoglobulin date = 2020-09-06 keywords = COVID-19; SARS summary = Neurologic manifestations in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 have been reported such as anosmia, ageusia, ataxia, seizures, haemorrhagic necrotising encephalopathy, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. The SARS-CoV-2 CSF PCR was negative; however, a high index of suspicion remained due to the temporal relationship of his current symptoms and the recent COVID-19 pneumonia. Our report describes a case of encephalitis associated with SARS-CoV-2 which showed clinical improvement with IVIg therapy. Moriguchi et al 5 described what appears to be the first case of COVID-19-associated meningoencephalitis presenting with convulsions and confirmed with a positive SARS-CoV-2 CSF PCR; their patient had abnormal MRI findings of the medial temporal lobe and was treated with favipiravir. Paniz-Mondolfi et al 6 reported a case of COVID-19-associated pneumonia in a 74 years old with Parkinson''s who succumbed to his illness on day 11; however, SARS-CoV-2 was found in the brain capillary endothelium and neuronal cell bodies on postmortem examination. doi = 10.1136/bcr-2020-237364 id = cord-257839-kfzc4pwq author = Ferguson, Katie title = COVID-19 associated with extensive pulmonary arterial, intracardiac and peripheral arterial thrombosis date = 2020-08-03 keywords = COVID-19; patient summary = We present this case to highlight the extensive COVID-19-associated thrombotic complications that can occur, even despite periods of high-dose prophylactic and therapeutic anticoagulation. In recent case series, elevated D-dimer levels were reported in 43% 6 of the patients and were associated with disease severity and increased mortality. 5 Findings that shed new light on the possible pathogenesis of a disease or an adverse effect Several case series exist which explore the incidence of venous and arterial thrombosis in patients with COVID-19. 10 The latter includes a study of 10 ICU patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in whom D-dimer levels and viscoelastic measures reduced in response to increased prophylactic dosing. [11] [12] [13] Twitter Nathaniel Quail @DrNatQuail and Kevin G Blyth @kevingblyth Acknowledgements Dr Joe Sarvesvaran''s care and compassion were integral to this patient''s journey to recovery and we would like to acknowledge his support with writing this case report, and for selecting the key images to include. doi = 10.1136/bcr-2020-237460 id = cord-259108-16lqa84n author = Gananandan, Kohilan title = Guttate psoriasis secondary to COVID-19 date = 2020-08-11 keywords = psoriasis summary = Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) RNA was detected from a nasopharyngeal swab confirming COVID-19 infection. When I looked up COVID-19 as a cause for guttate psoriasis, I realised this had not been previously reported, so I was keen to collaborate as a co-author to report this new association. 3 This is the first case reported of an acute guttate flare of chronic psoriasis secondary to confirmed COVID-19 infection. Respiratory virus infection triggers acute psoriasis flares across different clinical subtypes and genetic backgrounds org/ 0000-0002-7903-5243Learning points ► Guttate psoriasis manifests as multiple drop-like well circumscribed erythematous papules and is commonly associated with acute, particularly streptococcal, infection. ► Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was identified as the infective precipitant in this case and further such cases may emerge as we learn more about the clinical manifestations of the COVID-19 illness. doi = 10.1136/bcr-2020-237367 id = cord-331517-o5ejfq86 author = Hirayama, Takehisa title = Guillain-Barré syndrome after COVID-19 in Japan date = 2020-10-29 keywords = Barré; SARS summary = We report the first case of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Japan. In previous reports, most patients with SARS-CoV-2-infection-related GBS had lower limb predominant symptoms, and antiganglioside antibody tests were negative. Our findings support the notion that non-immune abnormalities such as hyperinflammation following cytokine storms and microvascular disorders due to vascular endothelial damage may lead to neurological symptoms in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. 4 In the present report, we discuss a case of axonal-type GBS associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, where the patient was tested for various antiganglioside antibodies. Furthermore, we review the cases of SARS-CoV-2-infection-related GBS reported to date, in order to provide insight into the clinical characteristics and pathological mechanisms underlying the disease. In conclusion, our report supports the notion that patients with GBS associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection tend to test negative for antiganglioside antibodies. ► Patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection may test negative for many known antiganglioside antibodies. doi = 10.1136/bcr-2020-239218 id = cord-269703-d3yv9mcl author = Hori, Arinobu title = PTSD and bipolar II disorder in Fukushima disaster relief workers after the 2011 nuclear accident date = 2020-09-17 keywords = Fukushima; PTSD; disaster summary = The complex and harsh experience provoked a hypomanic response such as elated feelings with increased energy, decreased need for sleep and an increase in goal-directed activity, which allowed him to continue working, even though he was adversely affected by the disaster. Thereafter, we considered the characteristics of mental health problems that emerge in disaster-relief workers, a long time after the disaster, and the conditions and treatments necessary for recovery. Thereafter, we considered the characteristics of mental health problems that emerge in disaster-relief workers, a long time after the disaster, and the conditions and treatments necessary for recovery. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression significantly impair the social functioning of those affected and are often recognised as the most visible mental health effects on survivors, as was the case with the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) of 2011. The GEJE, which was followed by the nuclear accidents, left the affected areas severely damaged and required the victims to contribute as disaster-relief workers for a long period. doi = 10.1136/bcr-2020-236725 id = cord-291642-xfkdxnfb author = Howley, Fergal title = Late presentation of ‘Lemierre’s syndrome’: how a delay in seeking healthcare and reduced access to routine services resulted in widely disseminated Fusobacterium necrophorum infection during the global COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-10-10 keywords = Lemierre; SARS; syndrome summary = doi = 10.1136/bcr-2020-239269 id = cord-315288-fcx4q6mp author = Hussain, Mohammed Hassan title = Tracheal swab from front of neck airway for SARS-CoV-2; a bronchial foreign body date = 2020-08-27 keywords = CoV-2; SARS summary = We report the case of a bronchial foreign body, following a tracheostomy site swab for SARS-CoV-2, aiming to raise awareness and vigilance. We report the case of a bronchial foreign body, following a tracheostomy site swab for SARS-CoV-2, aiming to raise awareness and vigilance. This case highlights the need for clear guidance on how samples for SARS-CoV-2 are taken from patients with front of neck airways (laryngectomy/tracheοstomy) and the potential pitfalls involved. This case highlights the need for clear guidance on how samples for SARS-CoV-2 are taken from patients with front of neck airways (laryngectomy/tracheοstomy) and the potential pitfalls involved. Patients with front of neck airways, either in the form of a laryngectomy or tracheostomy stoma site, present a challenge in terms of testing for SARS-CoV-2. There is a need for clear guidance on how to test patients with front of neck airways for SARS-CoV-2. doi = 10.1136/bcr-2020-237787 id = cord-263530-t9ryky6f author = Kamal, Yasmine Mohamed title = Cerebrospinal fluid confirmed COVID-19-associated encephalitis treated successfully date = 2020-09-16 keywords = COVID-19; CSF; patient summary = ► Abdominal CT was normal ► Brain MRI with contrast, performed after 2 weeks to comply with our hospital''s protocol that only allows COVID-19-negative patient to get in contact with the MRI machine, revealed abnormal signal intensity in the temporal lobe cortex bilaterally in a rather symmetrical fashion. Seven hundred and fifty milligrams of intravenous acyclovir sodium, three times per day, was started empirically before the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) results were obtained, addressing the possibility of herpes simplex virus (HSV) I and II encephalitis. The early suspicion of COVID-19 encephalitis and performing the appropriate CSF studies was the key to establishing the correct diagnosis and timely management. ► A red flag of the possibility of COVID-19 encephalitis should be raised whenever patients present with abnormal behaviour, acute psychosis, confusion state or drowsiness. doi = 10.1136/bcr-2020-237378 id = cord-309236-p4c2d5y3 author = Khurram, Ruhaid title = Spontaneous tension pneumothorax and acute pulmonary emboli in a patient with COVID-19 infection date = 2020-08-11 keywords = COVID-19; patient summary = We exhibit a case of a 64-year-old man with suspected COVID-19 pneumonia who presented acutely to the emergency department with tension pneumothorax and acute pulmonary emboli. Routine blood test results on admission were as follows: haemoglobin: 129 g/L; white cell count: 11.2×10 9 /L; platelets: 538×10 9 /L; neutrophils: Following initial management for the tension pneumothorax, a repeat chest radiograph demonstrated lung re-expansion with a small residual pneumothorax, but with no mediastinal shift; peripheral ground glass airspace opacities were accentuated, in keeping with COVID-19 infection (figure 2). The chest drain was removed on day 3 of admission following the CTPA findings of iatrogenic pneumatocoele, and a repeat chest radiograph showed significant reinflation of the right lung with no residual pneumothorax. To our knowledge, we have reported the first documented case of a patient with COVID-19 pneumonia presenting with both spontaneous tension pneumothorax and acute pulmonary emboli. ► Spontaneous pneumothorax and acute pulmonary emboli are important coexisting respiratory pathologies to consider on a background of COVID-19 infection. doi = 10.1136/bcr-2020-237475 id = cord-296619-uhhndp0a author = Kondo, Yuki title = Coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus date = 2020-07-01 keywords = COVID-19; SARS summary = We reported a case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and influenza A virus coinfection. We reported a case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and influenza A virus coinfection. We report a case of coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus in a patient with pneumonia in Japan. The patient with both COVID-19 and influenza virus infection presented similar clinical characteristics with COVID-19 only. Initial considerations for this patient who presented acutely with fever and cough include infection with a common virus (rhinoviruses, non-SARS-CoV-2 coronaviruses and influenza virus) and communityacquired pneumonia. 3 The clinical characteristics of patients with both COVID-19 and influenza virus infection were similar to those of COVID-19 cases. ► There was no significant difference in rates of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in patients with and without other pathogens. The clinical characteristics of pneumonia patients coinfected with 2019 novel coronavirus and influenza virus in Wuhan doi = 10.1136/bcr-2020-236812 id = cord-259250-ybfyiykz author = Korem, Sindhuja title = Guillain-Barré syndrome associated with COVID-19 disease date = 2020-09-21 keywords = COVID-19; GBS summary = In this case report, we describe the symptoms of a patient infected with SARS-CoV-2 whose clinical course was complicated with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). In this case report, we describe the symptoms of a patient infected with SARS-CoV-2 whose clinical course was complicated with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). To date, there are only 12 published cases of COVID-19-related Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). 4 Increasing reports of neurologic manifestations of COVID-19 are emerging, but only a few cases of GBS associated with this virus have been established. The case series by Mao et al in Wuhan, China, was one of the first studies that showed neurologic manifestations in patients with COVID-19. 15 There Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) should be considered in patients with peripheral nervous system symptoms. Guillain-Barré syndrome following COVID-19: new infection, old complication? Guillain Barre syndrome associated with COVID-19 infection: a case report doi = 10.1136/bcr-2020-237215 id = cord-257884-5exwwxin author = Kumar, Rajesh title = Acute pericarditis as a primary presentation of COVID-19 date = 2020-08-18 keywords = COVID-19; patient; pericarditis summary = We report a case whose first manifestation of COVID-19 was pericarditis, in the absence of respiratory symptoms, without any serious complications. We present a case where pericarditis, in the absence of the classic COVID-19 signs or symptoms, is the only evident manifestation of the disease. 1 2 Chest pain in COVID-19 may have cardiac causes, including acute coronary syndrome, pericarditis and myocarditis. 3 We present the first described case of acute pericarditis in the absence of initial respiratory symptoms secondary to COVID-19. 7 To our knowledge this is the first case where COVID-19 presents as pericarditis, in the absence of evident respiratory or myocardial involvement. This case highlights the importance of recognising COVID-19 infection with atypical clinical presentations such as pericarditis and non-specific ECG changes, and coordination with healthcare team regarding prompt isolation to decrease the risk of transmission of the virus and if any need of early hospitalisation. doi = 10.1136/bcr-2020-237617 id = cord-346246-2phtdgh4 author = Mattar, Shaikh Abdul Matin title = Subacute thyroiditis associated with COVID-19 date = 2020-08-25 keywords = COVID-19; SARS; thyroiditis summary = doi = 10.1136/bcr-2020-237336 id = cord-331193-33cyvidx author = Mawhinney, Jamie A title = Neurotropism of SARS-CoV-2: COVID-19 presenting with an acute manic episode date = 2020-06-14 keywords = COVID-19; CoV-2; SARS summary = Psychiatric assessment found features consistent with acute mania, and he was detained under the Mental Health Act. This case indicates the need to consider COVID-19 in a wider series of clinical presentations and to develop a validated assay for SARS-CoV-2 in the cerebrospinal fluid. Psychiatric assessment found features consistent with acute mania, and he was detained under the Mental Health Act. This case indicates the need to consider COVID-19 in a wider series of clinical presentations and to develop a validated assay for SARS-CoV-2 in the cerebrospinal fluid. [9] [10] [11] [12] This article outlines a case of COVID-19 presenting with an acute manic episode necessitating emergency intubation and discusses potential mechanisms for the development of neuropsychiatric disease. ► The neuroinvasive potential of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (neurotropism) has been reported, but the pathophysiology remains unclear with uncertainty over its long-term consequences. doi = 10.1136/bcr-2020-236123 id = cord-337878-hiylqqie author = Namasivayam, Abirami title = Atypical case of COVID-19 in a critically unwell 5-week old infant date = 2020-09-14 keywords = COVID-19; case; infant summary = To our knowledge, he is the youngest reported case in the UK to require mechanical ventilation and intensive care treatment as a direct result of COVID-19 following horizontal transmission. 4 A larger nationwide study investigating 134 paediatric cases across China reported that 76% cases had fever, 64.9% cases presented as acute upper respiratory tract infection, 26.9% as mild pneumonia and 1.5% cases were critical; unfortunately, the specific age groups and comorbidities were not reported. At present there are few reports of paediatric patients requiring intensive care support with confirmed COVID-19. This case demonstrates the need for vigilance in considering COVID-19 infection in infants presenting with less discriminatory symptoms such as lethargy or reduced feeding. Dong et al report a case series of 2135 paediatric patients with confirmed and suspected coronavirus; infants (<1 year) were noted to be particularly vulnerable. doi = 10.1136/bcr-2020-237142 id = cord-288608-2y5626qf author = Ramadan, Shadi M title = An interesting case of small vessel pathology following coronavirus infection date = 2020-09-07 keywords = OC43; vasculitis; vessel summary = doi = 10.1136/bcr-2020-237407 id = cord-297693-lqyc49t6 author = Samec, Matthew J title = 80-year-old man with dyspnoea and bilateral groundglass infiltrates: an elusive case of COVID-19 date = 2020-05-27 keywords = COVID-19; SARS summary = COVID-19 is a novel viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 virus, first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019. COVID-19 is a novel viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 virus, first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019. We present a case of a patient with minimal respiratory symptoms but prominent bilateral groundglass opacities in a ''crazy paving'' pattern on chest CT imaging and a negative initial infectious workup. We present a case of a patient with minimal respiratory symptoms but prominent bilateral groundglass opacities in a ''crazy paving'' pattern on chest CT imaging and a negative initial infectious workup. The case was reviewed with the institutional infection prevention and control team who recommended repeating SARS-CoV-2 PCR 48 hours from the initial test. 14 There have been three published case reports of initially negative COVID-19 PCR tests in patients subsequently new disease determined to have COVID-19 infection. doi = 10.1136/bcr-2020-236069 id = cord-341948-9w8od50e author = Scott, Michael title = Rare encounter: hydrocoele of canal of Nuck in a Scottish rural hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-08-11 keywords = COVID-19; Nuck; canal summary = title: Rare encounter: hydrocoele of canal of Nuck in a Scottish rural hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic We report the case of a 32-year-old woman who presented with reducible indirect inguinal hernia and a challenging constellation of symptoms, signs and radiographic findings. We report the case of a 32-year-old woman who presented with reducible indirect inguinal hernia and a challenging constellation of symptoms, signs and radiographic findings. We aim to provide insights into surgical patient management for a rare entity during the COVID-19 outbreak, from the unique perspective of a small rural hospital in Scotland. We aim to provide insights into surgical patient management for a rare entity during the COVID-19 outbreak, from the unique perspective of a small rural hospital in Scotland. Surgery simultaneously forms the definitive management of hydrocoele of canal of Nuck as well as providing an intraoperative, revised diagnosis. ► Radiology and ultrasonography findings distinguish hydrocoele of canal of Nuck from inguinal hernias. doi = 10.1136/bcr-2020-237169 id = cord-275699-hdmeyomt author = Singh, Aminder title = Morphology of COVID-19–affected cells in peripheral blood film date = 2020-05-27 keywords = PBF summary = Peripheral blood films showing various neutrophils with C-shaped, fetus-like COVID nuclei (black arrowheads) with aberrant nuclear projections (blue arrowhead). Peripheral blood films showing activated monocytes with prominent cytoplasmic vacuolisation and a few granules (small red arrow). Her complete blood count (CBC) showed leucocytosis with neutrophilia, relative lymphocytopaenia, and monocytopaenia initially with subsequent improvement in the number of monocytes on the fifth day onwards. Most of the lymphocytes were seen as large granular lymphocytes (LGL) with round to indented nuclei, condensed chromatin, prominent nucleoli in a few, along with abundant pale blue cytoplasm with distinct variably sized azurophilic granules (figure 2). ► COVID-19 viral effects on leucocytes are associated with characteristic changes that can be readily identified on PBF and can be easily and serially monitored, which could help in the diagnosis, prognostication and treatment protocols. doi = 10.1136/bcr-2020-236117 id = cord-346345-jc9bq0zu author = Smith, Colin M title = COVID-19-associated brief psychotic disorder date = 2020-08-11 keywords = COVID-19; SARS; patient summary = doi = 10.1136/bcr-2020-236940 id = cord-279989-swsxez0a author = Sokolov, Elisaveta title = Non-convulsive status epilepticus: COVID-19 or clozapine induced? date = 2020-10-04 keywords = Clozapine; EEG; SARS summary = doi = 10.1136/bcr-2020-239015 id = cord-333998-z2zahfv9 author = Taxbro, Knut title = Rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury in severe COVID-19 infection date = 2020-09-02 keywords = AKI; COVID-19 summary = doi = 10.1136/bcr-2020-237616 id = cord-327370-zo0n8wf6 author = Vadukul, Prakash title = Massive pulmonary embolism following recovery from COVID-19 infection: inflammation, thrombosis and the role of extended thromboprophylaxis date = 2020-09-13 keywords = COVID-19; VTE; patient summary = We present the case of a patient with an initial presentation of COVID-19 pneumonitis requiring mechanical ventilation for nearly 2 weeks and total admission time of 3 weeks. 1 This case examines aspects of COVID-19 emphasising the increased thrombogenicity seen during infection and the potential need for extended anticoagulation following recovery particularly in those patients with severe illness and pre-existing risk factors. 18 Initial data suggest that patients with complicated COVID-19 infection have nearly three times the concentration of IL-6 compared with those exhibiting less severe disease. 24 The International Society for Thrombosis and Haemostasis suggests that prophylactic treatment with LMWH is prudent in all patients with COVID-19, particularly with severe disease or Findings that shed new light on the possible pathogenesis of a disease or an adverse effect extreme derangements in clotting parameters. 2 Compared with other populations, patients with COVID-19 appear to have higher incidences of VTE particularly with deranged clotting markers, critical care admission or reduced mobility. doi = 10.1136/bcr-2020-238168 id = cord-281733-bsq0ewac author = Veyseh, Maedeh title = Left gonadal vein thrombosis in a patient with COVID-19-associated coagulopathy date = 2020-09-07 keywords = COVID-19; patient; thrombosis summary = We report an unusual case of ovarian vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism associated with COVID-19 presenting with abdominal pain. We report an unusual case of ovarian vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism associated with COVID-19 presenting with abdominal pain. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of COVID-19 with absent respiratory symptoms and presentation with venous thrombosis in an unusual location. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of COVID-19 with absent respiratory symptoms and presentation with venous thrombosis in an unusual location. 8 9 Our patient was distinctive in terms of presentation as she lacked the common respiratory symptoms, rather acute venous thrombosis in an unusual location prompted the diagnosis of COVID-19. 1 24 In summary, we present an interesting case with an unusual presentation of COVID-19 who presented with abdominal pain and no significant respiratory symptoms and was diagnosed with thrombosis of the left ovarian vein. doi = 10.1136/bcr-2020-236786 id = cord-355146-6rat5j64 author = Whittemore, Paul title = Use of awake proning to avoid invasive ventilation in a patient with severe COVID-19 pneumonitis date = 2020-08-03 keywords = COVID-19; patient summary = doi = 10.1136/bcr-2020-236586 id = cord-337809-bxvgr6qg author = Xiong, Yong title = Family cluster of three recovered cases of pneumonia due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection date = 2020-05-04 keywords = SARS; Wuhan summary = Our observations suggest the importance of preventing family transmission and the efficacy of current integrated treatment for mild/ moderate pneumonia in COVID-19 cases. Our observations suggest the importance of preventing family transmission and the efficacy of current integrated treatment for mild/ moderate pneumonia in COVID-19 cases. [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] This report describes the epidemiological and clinical features of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) among three members of a family following SARS-CoV-2 infection. On 10 and 11 January 2020, a family of three, comprising the father (65 years), the mother (61 years) and the son (38 years), were admitted to the Department of Infectious Disease at the Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University with symptoms of cough and fever. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China doi = 10.1136/bcr-2020-235302 id = cord-311232-hhfdqhx1 author = Yang, Yunfei title = Bilateral, vertical supranuclear gaze palsy following unilateral midbrain infarct date = 2020-11-04 keywords = gaze; palsy; vertical summary = doi = 10.1136/bcr-2020-238422