id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentences	flesch	summary	cache	txt
cord-338498-3238fz73	Kleen, Thomas-Oliver	Mitigating Coronavirus Induced Dysfunctional Immunity for At-Risk Populations in COVID-19: Trained Immunity, BCG and “New Old Friends”	2020-09-04		.txt	text/plain	12523	559	39	Bacterial "new old friends" such as Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) or Mycobacterium obuense have the ability to elevate basal systemic levels of type 1 cytokines and immune cells, correlating with increased protection against diverse and unrelated infectious agents, called "trained immunity." Here we describe dysfunctional immune responses induced by coronaviruses, representing potentially difficult to overcome obstacles to safe, effective vaccine development for COVID-19, and outline how trained immunity could help protect high risk populations through immunomodulation with BCG and other "new old friends." One recent example of the need for continued vigilance is a study using Chinese macaques indicating cause for concern by showing that vaccine-induced, S-specific immunity in the form of anti-spike IgG resulted in severe ALI by skewing macrophage responses during subsequent, acute infection with closely related SARS-CoV (139) .	./cache/cord-338498-3238fz73.txt	./txt/cord-338498-3238fz73.txt