id sid tid token lemma pos cord-321401-w4ne60fn 1 1 key key NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 1 2 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 2 1 cord-321401-w4ne60fn cord-321401-w4ne60fn JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 2 2 authors author NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 2 3 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 2 4 Schrumpf Schrumpf NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 2 5 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 2 6 Jasmijn Jasmijn NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 2 7 A. a. NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 2 8 ; ; : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 2 9 van van NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 2 10 der der NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 2 11 Does Does NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 2 12 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 2 13 Anne Anne NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 2 14 M. M. NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 2 15 ; ; : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 2 16 Hiemstra Hiemstra NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 2 17 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 2 18 Pieter Pieter NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 2 19 S. S. NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 2 20 title title NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 2 21 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 2 22 Impact impact NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 2 23 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 2 24 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 2 25 Local Local NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 2 26 Inflammatory Inflammatory NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 2 27 Environment Environment NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 2 28 on on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 2 29 Mucosal Mucosal NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 2 30 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 2 31 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 2 32 Metabolism metabolism NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 2 33 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 2 34 Signaling signal VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 2 35 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 2 36 Chronic Chronic NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 2 37 Inflammatory Inflammatory NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 2 38 Lung Lung NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 2 39 Diseases Diseases NNPS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 2 40 date date NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 2 41 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 2 42 2020 2020 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 2 43 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 2 44 07 07 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 2 45 - - SYM cord-321401-w4ne60fn 2 46 10 10 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 2 47 journal journal NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 2 48 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 3 1 Front Front NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 3 2 Immunol Immunol NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 3 3 DOI doi NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 3 4 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 4 1 10.3389 10.3389 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 5 1 /fimmu.2020.01433 /fimmu.2020.01433 , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 5 2 sha sha NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 5 3 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 5 4 ef8f4547ea7ea48e8b861a7a8aed909da4f6d53b ef8f4547ea7ea48e8b861a7a8aed909da4f6d53b . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 6 1 doc_id doc_id CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 6 2 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 7 1 321401 321401 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 7 2 cord_uid cord_uid NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 7 3 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 8 1 w4ne60fn w4ne60fn `` cord-321401-w4ne60fn 8 2 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 8 3 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 8 4 plays play VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 8 5 an an DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 8 6 active active JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 8 7 role role NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 8 8 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 8 9 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 8 10 modulation modulation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 8 11 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 8 12 innate innate JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 8 13 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 8 14 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 8 15 immune immune JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 8 16 responses response NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 8 17 as as RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 8 18 well well RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 8 19 as as IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 8 20 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 8 21 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 8 22 protection protection NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 8 23 against against IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 8 24 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 8 25 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 8 26 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 9 1 Evidence evidence NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 9 2 for for IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 9 3 this this DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 9 4 immunomodulatory immunomodulatory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 9 5 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 9 6 protective protective JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 9 7 role role NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 9 8 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 9 9 derived derive VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 9 10 from from IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 9 11 observational observational JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 9 12 studies study NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 9 13 showing show VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 9 14 an an DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 9 15 association association NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 9 16 between between IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 9 17 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 9 18 D D NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 9 19 deficiency deficiency NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 9 20 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 9 21 chronic chronic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 9 22 airway airway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 9 23 diseases disease NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 9 24 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 9 25 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 9 26 infections infection NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 9 27 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 9 28 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 9 29 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 9 30 supported support VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 9 31 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 9 32 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 9 33 range range NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 9 34 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 9 35 experimental experimental JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 9 36 studies study NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 9 37 using use VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 9 38 cell cell NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 9 39 culture culture NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 9 40 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 9 41 animal animal NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 9 42 models model NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 9 43 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 10 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 10 2 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 10 3 recent recent JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 10 4 intervention intervention NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 10 5 studies study NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 10 6 have have VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 10 7 now now RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 10 8 shown show VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 10 9 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 10 10 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 10 11 D D NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 10 12 supplementation supplementation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 10 13 reduces reduce VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 10 14 exacerbation exacerbation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 10 15 rates rate NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 10 16 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 10 17 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 10 18 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 10 19 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 10 20 deficient deficient JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 10 21 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 10 22 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 10 23 chronic chronic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 10 24 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 10 25 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 10 26 disease disease NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 10 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 10 28 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 10 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 10 30 or or CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 10 31 asthma asthma NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 10 32 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 10 33 decreases decrease VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 10 34 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 10 35 incidence incidence NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 10 36 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 10 37 acute acute JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 10 38 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 10 39 tract tract NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 10 40 infections infection NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 10 41 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 11 1 The the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 11 2 active active JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 11 3 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 11 4 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 11 5 metabolite metabolite NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 11 6 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 11 7 1,25-dihydroxy 1,25-dihydroxy CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 11 8 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 11 9 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 11 10 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 11 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 11 12 1,25(OH)(2)D 1,25(oh)(2)d CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 11 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 11 14 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 11 15 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 11 16 known know VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 11 17 to to TO cord-321401-w4ne60fn 11 18 contribute contribute VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 11 19 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 11 20 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 11 21 integrity integrity NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 11 22 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 11 23 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 11 24 mucosal mucosal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 11 25 barrier barrier NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 11 26 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 11 27 promote promote VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 11 28 killing killing NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 11 29 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 11 30 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 11 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 11 32 via via IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 11 33 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 11 34 induction induction NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 11 35 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 11 36 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 11 37 peptides peptide NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 11 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 11 39 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 11 40 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 11 41 to to TO cord-321401-w4ne60fn 11 42 modulate modulate VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 11 43 inflammation inflammation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 11 44 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 11 45 immune immune JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 11 46 responses response NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 11 47 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 12 1 These these DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 12 2 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 12 3 may may MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 12 4 partly partly RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 12 5 explain explain VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 12 6 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 12 7 protective protective JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 12 8 role role NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 12 9 against against IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 12 10 infections infection NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 12 11 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 12 12 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 12 13 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 12 14 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 12 15 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 12 16 asthma asthma NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 12 17 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 12 18 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 13 1 The the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 13 2 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 13 3 mucosa mucosa NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 13 4 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 13 5 an an DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 13 6 important important JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 13 7 site site NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 13 8 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 13 9 local local JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 13 10 1,25(OH)(2)D 1,25(oh)(2)d CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 13 11 synthesis synthesis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 13 12 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 13 13 degradation degradation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 13 14 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 13 15 signaling signaling NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 13 16 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 13 17 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 13 18 process process NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 13 19 that that WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 13 20 can can MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 13 21 be be VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 13 22 affected affect VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 13 23 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 13 24 exposure exposure NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 13 25 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 13 26 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 13 27 mediators mediator NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 13 28 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 1 As as IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 2 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 3 consequence consequence NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 4 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 5 mucosal mucosal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 6 inflammation inflammation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 7 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 8 other other JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 9 disease disease NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 10 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 11 associated associate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 12 factors factor NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 13 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 14 as as IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 15 observed observe VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 16 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 17 e.g. e.g. RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 18 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 19 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 20 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 21 asthma asthma NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 22 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 23 may may MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 24 modulate modulate VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 25 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 26 protective protective JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 27 actions action NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 28 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 29 1,25(OH)(2)D. 1,25(oh)(2)d. CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 30 Here here RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 31 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 32 we -PRON- PRP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 33 discuss discuss VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 34 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 35 potential potential JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 36 consequences consequence NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 37 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 38 various various JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 39 disease disease NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 40 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 41 associated associate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 42 processes process NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 43 such such JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 44 as as IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 45 inflammation inflammation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 46 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 47 exposure exposure NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 48 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 49 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 50 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 51 inhaled inhale VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 52 toxicants toxicant NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 53 on on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 54 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 55 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 56 metabolism metabolism NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 57 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 58 local local JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 59 responses response NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 60 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 61 1,25(OH)(2)D 1,25(oh)(2)d CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 62 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 63 both both CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 64 immune- immune- JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 65 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 66 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 67 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 14 68 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 15 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 15 2 furthermore furthermore RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 15 3 discuss discuss VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 15 4 potential potential JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 15 5 consequences consequence NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 15 6 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 15 7 disturbed disturbed JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 15 8 local local JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 15 9 levels level NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 15 10 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 15 11 25(OH)D 25(oh)d CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 15 12 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 15 13 1,25(OH)(2)D 1,25(oh)(2)d CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 15 14 for for IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 15 15 chronic chronic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 15 16 lung lung NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 15 17 diseases disease NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 15 18 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 16 1 Additional additional JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 16 2 insight insight NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 16 3 into into IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 16 4 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 16 5 relationship relationship NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 16 6 between between IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 16 7 disease disease NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 16 8 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 16 9 associated associate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 16 10 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 16 11 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 16 12 local local JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 16 13 effects effect NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 16 14 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 16 15 1,25(OH)(2)D 1,25(oh)(2)d CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 16 16 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 16 17 expected expect VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 16 18 to to TO cord-321401-w4ne60fn 16 19 contribute contribute VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 16 20 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 16 21 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 16 22 design design NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 16 23 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 16 24 future future JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 16 25 strategies strategy NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 16 26 aimed aim VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 16 27 at at IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 16 28 improving improve VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 16 29 local local JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 16 30 levels level NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 16 31 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 16 32 1,25(OH)(2)D 1,25(oh)(2)d CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 16 33 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 16 34 signaling signal VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 16 35 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 16 36 chronic chronic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 16 37 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 16 38 lung lung NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 16 39 diseases disease NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 16 40 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 17 1 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 17 2 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 17 3 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 17 4 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 17 5 pleiotropic pleiotropic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 17 6 hormone hormone NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 17 7 that that WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 17 8 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 17 9 well well RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 17 10 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 17 11 known know VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 17 12 for for IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 17 13 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 17 14 role role NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 17 15 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 17 16 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 17 17 regulation regulation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 17 18 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 17 19 calcium calcium NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 17 20 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 17 21 phosphate phosphate NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 17 22 homeostasis homeostasis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 17 23 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 17 24 bone bone NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 17 25 mineralization mineralization NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 17 26 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 1 The the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 2 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 3 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 4 receptor receptor NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 6 VDR VDR NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 8 acts act VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 9 as as IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 10 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 11 receptor receptor NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 12 for for IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 13 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 14 active active JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 15 form form NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 16 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 17 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 18 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 19 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 20 i.e. i.e. FW cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 21 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 22 1,25dihydroxy 1,25dihydroxy CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 23 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 24 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 25 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 27 1 1 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 28 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 29 25(OH 25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 31 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 32 D D NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 34 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 35 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 36 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 37 expressed express VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 38 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 39 nearly nearly RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 40 all all DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 41 tissues tissue NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 42 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 43 cell cell NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 44 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 45 types type NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 46 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 47 regulates regulate VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 48 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 49 large large JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 50 number number NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 51 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 52 genes gene NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 53 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 54 ∼0.8 ∼0.8 NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 55 - - : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 56 5 5 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 57 % % NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 58 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 59 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 60 total total JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 61 genome genome NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 62 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 63 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 64 1 1 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 65 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 66 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 67 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 18 68 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 19 1 As as IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 19 2 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 19 3 result result NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 19 4 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 19 5 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 19 6 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 19 7 affects affect VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 19 8 many many JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 19 9 additional additional JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 19 10 processes process NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 19 11 including include VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 19 12 cell cell NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 19 13 proliferation proliferation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 19 14 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 19 15 differentiation differentiation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 19 16 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 19 17 apoptosis apoptosis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 19 18 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 19 19 DNA dna NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 19 20 repair repair NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 19 21 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 19 22 ion ion NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 19 23 transport transport NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 19 24 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 19 25 metabolism metabolism NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 19 26 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 19 27 cell cell NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 19 28 adhesion adhesion NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 19 29 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 19 30 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 19 31 oxidative oxidative JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 19 32 stress stress NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 19 33 responses response NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 19 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 19 35 1 1 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 19 36 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 19 37 3 3 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 19 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 19 39 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 1 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 2 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 3 deficiency deficiency NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 5 serum serum NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 6 25-hydroxy 25-hydroxy CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 7 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 8 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 9 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 10 [ [ -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 11 25(OH)D 25(oh)d CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 12 ] ] -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 13 < < XX cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 14 50 50 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 15 nmol nmol JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 16 / / SYM cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 17 L l NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 18 ; ; : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 19 25(OH)D 25(oh)d CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 20 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 21 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 22 main main JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 23 circulating circulate VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 24 form form NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 25 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 26 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 27 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 28 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 29 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 30 levels level NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 31 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 32 used use VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 33 to to TO cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 34 assess assess VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 35 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 36 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 37 status status NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 38 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 39 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 40 clinic clinic NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 42 4 4 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 43 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 44 5 5 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 46 affects affect VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 47 more more JJR cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 48 than than IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 49 30 30 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 50 % % NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 51 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 52 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 53 children child NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 54 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 55 adults adult NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 56 worldwide worldwide RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 57 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 58 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 59 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 60 major major JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 61 cause cause NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 62 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 63 bone bone NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 64 diseases disease NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 65 such such JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 66 as as IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 67 rickets ricket NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 68 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 69 osteoporosis osteoporosis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 70 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 71 6 6 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 72 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 20 73 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 1 Increasing increase VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 2 evidence evidence NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 3 has have VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 4 indicated indicate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 5 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 6 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 7 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 8 deficiency deficiency NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 9 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 10 also also RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 11 associated associate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 12 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 13 various various JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 14 other other JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 15 diseases disease NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 16 such such JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 17 as as IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 18 cancer cancer NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 19 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 20 cardiovascular cardiovascular JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 21 disease disease NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 22 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 23 Alzheimer Alzheimer NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 24 's 's POS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 25 disease disease NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 26 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 27 muscle muscle NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 28 myopathy myopathy NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 29 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 30 as as RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 31 well well RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 32 as as IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 33 several several JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 34 immune immune NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 35 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 36 related relate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 37 diseases disease NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 38 such such JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 39 as as IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 40 type type NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 41 1 1 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 42 diabetes diabetes NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 43 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 44 multiple multiple JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 45 sclerosis sclerosis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 46 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 47 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 48 bowel bowel NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 49 disease disease NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 50 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 51 IBD IBD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 52 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 53 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 54 psoriasis psoriasis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 55 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 56 chronic chronic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 57 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 58 lung lung NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 59 diseases disease NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 60 including include VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 61 asthma asthma NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 62 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 63 cystic cystic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 64 fibrosis fibrosis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 65 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 66 CF CF NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 67 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 68 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 69 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 70 chronic chronic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 71 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 72 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 73 disease disease NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 74 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 75 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 76 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 77 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 78 6 6 LS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 79 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 80 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 81 7 7 LS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 82 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 83 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 84 8) 8) NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 85 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 86 9 9 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 87 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 21 88 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 22 1 Several several JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 22 2 studies study NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 22 3 have have VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 22 4 now now RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 22 5 shown show VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 22 6 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 22 7 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 22 8 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 22 9 deficiency deficiency NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 22 10 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 22 11 prevalent prevalent JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 22 12 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 22 13 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 22 14 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 22 15 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 22 16 inversely inversely RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 22 17 correlated correlate VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 22 18 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 22 19 lung lung NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 22 20 function function NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 22 21 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 22 22 severity severity NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 22 23 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 22 24 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 22 25 disease disease NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 22 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 22 27 8) 8) NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 22 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 22 29 9 9 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 22 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 22 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 22 32 10 10 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 22 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 22 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 22 35 11 11 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 22 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 22 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 22 38 12 12 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 22 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 22 40 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 23 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 23 2 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 23 3 currently currently RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 23 4 unknown unknown JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 23 5 whether whether IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 23 6 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 23 7 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 23 8 deficiency deficiency NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 23 9 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 23 10 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 23 11 cause cause NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 23 12 or or CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 23 13 consequence consequence NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 23 14 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 23 15 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 23 16 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 23 17 since since IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 23 18 many many JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 23 19 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 23 20 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 23 21 have have VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 23 22 low low JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 23 23 physical physical JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 23 24 activity activity NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 23 25 levels level NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 23 26 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 23 27 spend spend VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 23 28 most most JJS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 23 29 time time NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 23 30 indoors indoors RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 23 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 23 32 13 13 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 23 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 23 34 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 24 1 There there EX cord-321401-w4ne60fn 24 2 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 24 3 however however RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 24 4 studies study NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 24 5 suggesting suggest VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 24 6 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 24 7 low low JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 24 8 25(OH)D 25(oh)d CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 24 9 levels level NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 24 10 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 24 11 associated associate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 24 12 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 24 13 development development NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 24 14 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 24 15 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 24 16 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 24 17 based base VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 24 18 on on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 24 19 observed observed JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 24 20 associations association NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 24 21 between between IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 24 22 polymorphisms polymorphism NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 24 23 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 24 24 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 24 25 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 24 26 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 24 27 binding bind VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 24 28 protein protein NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 24 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 24 30 VDBP VDBP NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 24 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 24 32 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 24 33 25(OH)D 25(oh)d CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 24 34 serum serum NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 24 35 levels level NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 24 36 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 24 37 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 24 38 severity severity NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 24 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 24 40 8 8 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 24 41 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 24 42 10 10 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 24 43 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 24 44 11 11 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 24 45 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 24 46 14 14 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 24 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 24 48 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 25 1 In in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 25 2 addition addition NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 25 3 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 25 4 one one CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 25 5 study study NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 25 6 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 25 7 mice mouse NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 25 8 showed show VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 25 9 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 25 10 maternal maternal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 25 11 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 25 12 D D NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 25 13 deficiency deficiency NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 25 14 can can MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 25 15 impair impair VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 25 16 lung lung NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 25 17 -development -development NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 25 18 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 26 1 -structure -structure JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 26 2 andfunction andfunction NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 26 3 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 26 4 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 26 5 offspring offspring NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 26 6 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 26 7 suggests suggest VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 26 8 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 26 9 even even RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 26 10 before before IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 26 11 birth birth NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 26 12 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 26 13 maternal maternal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 26 14 25(OH)D 25(oh)d CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 26 15 serum serum NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 26 16 levels level NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 26 17 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 26 18 important important JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 26 19 for for IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 26 20 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 26 21 healthy healthy JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 26 22 lung lung NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 26 23 development development NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 26 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 26 25 15 15 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 26 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 26 27 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 27 1 This this DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 27 2 might may MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 27 3 be be VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 27 4 relevant relevant JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 27 5 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 27 6 since since IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 27 7 associations association NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 27 8 have have VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 27 9 been be VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 27 10 found find VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 27 11 between between IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 27 12 lower low JJR cord-321401-w4ne60fn 27 13 childhood childhood NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 27 14 lung lung NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 27 15 function function NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 27 16 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 27 17 development development NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 27 18 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 27 19 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 27 20 later later RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 27 21 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 27 22 life life NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 27 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 27 24 16 16 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 27 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 27 26 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 28 1 The the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 28 2 link link NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 28 3 between between IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 28 4 maternal maternal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 28 5 25(OH)D 25(oh)d CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 28 6 status status NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 28 7 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 28 8 asthma asthma NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 28 9 development development NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 28 10 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 28 11 however however RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 28 12 much much RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 28 13 clearer clear JJR cord-321401-w4ne60fn 28 14 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 28 15 since since IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 28 16 two two CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 28 17 recent recent JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 28 18 randomized randomize VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 28 19 controlled control VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 28 20 trials trial NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 28 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 28 22 RCTs RCTs NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 28 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 28 24 have have VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 28 25 shown show VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 28 26 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 28 27 maternal maternal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 28 28 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 28 29 D D NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 28 30 supplementation supplementation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 28 31 reduces reduce VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 28 32 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 28 33 risk risk NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 28 34 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 28 35 childhood childhood NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 28 36 asthma asthma NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 28 37 / / SYM cord-321401-w4ne60fn 28 38 recurrent recurrent JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 28 39 wheeze wheeze NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 28 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 28 41 17 17 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 28 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 28 43 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 29 1 This this DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 29 2 might may MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 29 3 be be VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 29 4 explained explain VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 29 5 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 29 6 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 29 7 fact fact NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 29 8 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 29 9 multiple multiple JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 29 10 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 29 11 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 29 12 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 29 13 regulated regulate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 29 14 genes gene NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 29 15 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 29 16 transcriptionally transcriptionally RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 29 17 active active JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 29 18 during during IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 29 19 alveolar alveolar JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 29 20 maturation maturation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 29 21 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 29 22 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 29 23 number number NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 29 24 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 29 25 these these DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 29 26 genes gene NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 29 27 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 29 28 differentially differentially RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 29 29 expressed express VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 29 30 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 29 31 asthma asthma NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 29 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 29 33 18 18 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 29 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 29 35 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 30 1 Additionally additionally RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 30 2 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 30 3 this this DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 30 4 protective protective JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 30 5 effect effect NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 30 6 was be VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 30 7 linked link VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 30 8 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 30 9 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 30 10 GGgenotype GGgenotype NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 30 11 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 30 12 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 30 13 17q21 17q21 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 30 14 functional functional JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 30 15 SNP SNP NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 30 16 rs12936231 rs12936231 NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 30 17 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 30 18 which which WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 30 19 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 30 20 associated associate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 30 21 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 30 22 lower low JJR cord-321401-w4ne60fn 30 23 expression expression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 30 24 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 30 25 ORMDL3 ormdl3 NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 30 26 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 30 27 increased increase VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 30 28 sphingolipid sphingolipid NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 30 29 metabolism metabolism NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 30 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 30 31 19 19 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 30 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 30 33 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 31 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 31 2 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 31 3 maternal maternal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 31 4 circulating circulate VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 31 5 25(OH)D 25(oh)d CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 31 6 levels level NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 31 7 affect affect VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 31 8 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 31 9 gut gut NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 31 10 microbiota microbiota NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 31 11 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 31 12 can can MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 31 13 therefore therefore RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 31 14 indirectly indirectly RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 31 15 modulate modulate VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 31 16 immune immune JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 31 17 responses response NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 31 18 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 31 19 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 31 20 lung lung NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 31 21 via via IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 31 22 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 31 23 gutlung gutlung NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 31 24 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 31 25 axis axis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 31 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 31 27 20 20 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 31 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 31 29 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 32 1 Also also RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 32 2 later later RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 32 3 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 32 4 life life NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 32 5 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 32 6 optimal optimal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 32 7 25(OH)D 25(oh)d CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 32 8 levels level NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 32 9 remain remain VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 32 10 crucial crucial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 32 11 for for IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 32 12 keeping keep VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 32 13 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 32 14 lungs lung NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 32 15 healthy healthy JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 32 16 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 33 1 For for IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 33 2 example example NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 33 3 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 33 4 Heulens Heulens NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 33 5 et et NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 33 6 al al NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 33 7 . . NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 33 8 showed show VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 33 9 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 33 10 subacute subacute JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 33 11 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 33 12 chronic chronic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 33 13 cigarette cigarette NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 33 14 smoke smoke NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 33 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 33 16 CS CS NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 33 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 33 18 exposure exposure NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 33 19 decreased decrease VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 33 20 lung lung NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 33 21 function function NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 33 22 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 33 23 promoted promote VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 33 24 early early JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 33 25 signs sign NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 33 26 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 33 27 emphysema emphysema NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 33 28 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 33 29 airway airway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 33 30 inflammation inflammation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 33 31 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 33 32 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 33 33 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 33 34 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 33 35 deficient deficient JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 33 36 mice mouse NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 33 37 compared compare VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 33 38 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 33 39 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 33 40 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 33 41 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 33 42 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 33 43 animals animal NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 33 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 33 45 21 21 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 33 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 33 47 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 34 1 Similarly similarly RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 34 2 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 34 3 an an DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 34 4 elastase elastase NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 34 5 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 34 6 induced induce VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 34 7 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 34 8 mouse mouse NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 34 9 model model NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 34 10 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 34 11 topical topical JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 34 12 administration administration NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 34 13 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 34 14 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 34 15 D D NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 34 16 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 34 17 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 34 18 lungs lung NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 34 19 counteracted counteract VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 34 20 alveolar alveolar JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 34 21 damage damage NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 34 22 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 34 23 improved improved JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 34 24 lung lung NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 34 25 function function NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 34 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 34 27 22 22 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 34 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 34 29 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 35 1 Yet yet CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 35 2 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 35 3 humans human NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 35 4 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 35 5 it -PRON- PRP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 35 6 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 35 7 still still RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 35 8 unclear unclear JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 35 9 whether whether IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 35 10 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 35 11 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 35 12 status status NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 35 13 influences influence VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 35 14 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 35 15 development development NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 35 16 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 35 17 disease disease NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 35 18 progression progression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 35 19 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 36 1 Taken take VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 36 2 together together RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 36 3 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 36 4 these these DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 36 5 observations observation NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 36 6 suggest suggest VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 36 7 an an DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 36 8 important important JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 36 9 role role NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 36 10 for for IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 36 11 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 36 12 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 36 13 during during IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 36 14 fetal fetal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 36 15 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 36 16 childhood childhood NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 36 17 lung lung NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 36 18 maturation maturation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 36 19 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 36 20 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 36 21 indicate indicate VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 36 22 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 36 23 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 36 24 25(OH)D 25(oh)d CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 36 25 levels level NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 36 26 might may MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 36 27 contribute contribute VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 36 28 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 36 29 protection protection NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 36 30 against against IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 36 31 development development NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 36 32 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 36 33 childhood childhood NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 36 34 asthma asthma NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 36 35 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 36 36 possibly possibly RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 36 37 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 36 38 at at IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 36 39 older old JJR cord-321401-w4ne60fn 36 40 age age NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 36 41 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 37 1 Systemic systemic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 37 2 levels level NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 37 3 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 37 4 biologically biologically RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 37 5 active active JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 37 6 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 37 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 38 1 2 2 LS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 38 2 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 38 3 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 38 4 tightly tightly RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 38 5 regulated regulate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 38 6 to to TO cord-321401-w4ne60fn 38 7 preserve preserve VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 38 8 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 38 9 levels level NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 38 10 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 38 11 calcium calcium NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 39 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 39 2 Ca Ca NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 39 3 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 39 4 + + SYM cord-321401-w4ne60fn 39 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 39 6 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 39 7 phosphate phosphate NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 39 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 39 9 PO PO NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 39 10 4 4 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 39 11 2− 2− CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 39 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 39 13 for for IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 39 14 optimal optimal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 39 15 bone bone NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 39 16 mineralization mineralization NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 39 17 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 39 18 whereas whereas IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 39 19 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 39 20 mucosal mucosal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 39 21 tissues tissue NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 39 22 locally locally RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 39 23 produced produce VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 39 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 39 25 autocrine autocrine NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 39 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 39 27 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 39 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 39 29 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 39 30 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 39 31 levels level NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 39 32 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 39 33 signaling signaling NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 39 34 can can MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 39 35 be be VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 39 36 elevated elevate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 39 37 or or CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 39 38 decreased decrease VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 39 39 upon upon IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 39 40 exposure exposure NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 39 41 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 39 42 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 39 43 mediators mediator NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 39 44 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 39 45 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 39 46 or or CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 39 47 inhaled inhale VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 39 48 toxicants toxicant NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 39 49 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 39 50 6 6 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 39 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 39 52 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 40 1 This this DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 40 2 could could MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 40 3 be be VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 40 4 important important JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 40 5 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 40 6 since since IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 40 7 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 40 8 inflamed inflamed JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 40 9 airway airway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 40 10 mucosa mucosa NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 40 11 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 40 12 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 40 13 suffering suffer VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 40 14 from from IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 40 15 chronic chronic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 40 16 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 40 17 lung lung NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 40 18 diseases disease NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 40 19 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 40 20 constantly constantly RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 40 21 exposed expose VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 40 22 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 40 23 these these DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 40 24 disease disease NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 40 25 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 40 26 associated associate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 40 27 factors factor NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 40 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 40 29 8 8 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 40 30 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 40 31 23 23 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 40 32 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 40 33 24 24 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 40 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 40 35 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 41 1 Impaired impaired JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 41 2 local local JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 41 3 levels level NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 41 4 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 41 5 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 41 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 41 7 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 41 8 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 41 9 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 41 10 VDR VDR NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 41 11 signaling signal VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 41 12 might may MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 41 13 have have VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 41 14 consequences consequence NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 41 15 for for IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 41 16 disease disease NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 41 17 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 41 18 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 41 19 progression progression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 41 20 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 42 1 Dysregulated dysregulated JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 42 2 host host NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 42 3 defenses defense NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 42 4 as as IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 42 5 found find VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 42 6 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 42 7 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 42 8 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 42 9 chronic chronic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 42 10 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 42 11 airway airway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 42 12 diseases disease NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 42 13 include include VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 42 14 aberrant aberrant JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 42 15 immune immune JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 42 16 responses response NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 42 17 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 42 18 altered alter VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 42 19 microbiome microbiome NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 42 20 composition composition NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 42 21 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 42 22 impaired impair VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 42 23 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 42 24 barrier barrier NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 42 25 function function NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 42 26 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 42 27 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 42 28 aberrant aberrant JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 42 29 secretion secretion NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 42 30 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 42 31 host host NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 42 32 defense defense NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 42 33 molecules molecule NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 42 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 42 35 25 25 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 42 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 42 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 42 38 26 26 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 42 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 42 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 42 41 27 27 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 42 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 42 43 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 43 1 Adequate adequate JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 43 2 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 43 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 43 4 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 43 5 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 43 6 levels level NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 43 7 may may MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 43 8 provide provide VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 43 9 protection protection NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 43 10 against against IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 43 11 these these DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 43 12 dysregulated dysregulate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 43 13 processes process NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 43 14 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 43 15 maintaining maintain VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 43 16 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 43 17 integrity integrity NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 43 18 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 43 19 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 43 20 mucosal mucosal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 43 21 barrier barrier NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 43 22 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 43 23 promotion promotion NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 43 24 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 43 25 killing killing NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 43 26 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 43 27 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 43 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 43 29 e.g. e.g. RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 43 30 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 43 31 via via IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 43 32 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 43 33 induction induction NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 43 34 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 43 35 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 43 36 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 43 37 peptide peptide NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 43 38 [ [ -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 43 39 AMP AMP NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 43 40 ] ] -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 44 1 hCAP18 hCAP18 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 44 2 / / SYM cord-321401-w4ne60fn 44 3 LL-37 LL-37 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 44 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 45 1 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 45 2 via via IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 45 3 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 45 4 modulation modulation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 45 5 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 45 6 both both DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 45 7 innate innate JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 45 8 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 45 9 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 45 10 immune immune JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 45 11 responses response NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 45 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 45 13 7 7 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 45 14 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 45 15 28 28 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 45 16 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 45 17 29 29 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 45 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 45 19 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 46 1 In in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 46 2 this this DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 46 3 review review NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 46 4 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 46 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 46 6 first first RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 46 7 discuss discuss VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 46 8 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 46 9 effects effect NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 46 10 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 46 11 these these DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 46 12 disease disease NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 46 13 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 46 14 associated associate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 46 15 factors factor NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 46 16 on on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 46 17 local local JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 46 18 synthesis synthesis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 46 19 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 46 20 availability availability NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 46 21 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 46 22 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 46 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 46 24 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 46 25 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 46 26 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 46 27 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 46 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 46 29 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 46 30 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 46 31 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 46 32 induced induce VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 46 33 responses response NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 46 34 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 46 35 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 46 36 lung lung NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 46 37 mucosa mucosa RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 46 38 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 47 1 In in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 47 2 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 47 3 second second JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 47 4 part part NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 47 5 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 47 6 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 47 7 review review NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 47 8 we -PRON- PRP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 47 9 will will MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 47 10 describe describe VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 47 11 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 47 12 mechanistic mechanistic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 47 13 links link NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 47 14 between between IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 47 15 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 47 16 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 47 17 deficiency deficiency NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 47 18 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 47 19 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 47 20 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 47 21 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 47 22 chronic chronic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 47 23 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 47 24 lung lung NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 47 25 diseases disease NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 47 26 such such JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 47 27 as as IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 47 28 asthma asthma NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 47 29 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 47 30 CF CF NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 47 31 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 47 32 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 47 33 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 47 34 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 47 35 discuss discuss VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 47 36 recent recent JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 47 37 evidence evidence NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 47 38 related relate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 47 39 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 47 40 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 47 41 protective protective JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 47 42 effects effect NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 47 43 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 47 44 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 47 45 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 47 46 on on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 47 47 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 47 48 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 47 49 on on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 47 50 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 47 51 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 47 52 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 48 1 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 48 2 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 48 3 enters enter VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 48 4 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 48 5 circulation circulation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 48 6 either either CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 48 7 via via IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 48 8 food food NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 48 9 intake intake NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 48 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 48 11 plantbased plantbased JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 48 12 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 48 13 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 48 14 D D NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 48 15 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 48 16 /animal /animal . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 49 1 -based -based JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 49 2 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 49 3 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 49 4 D D NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 49 5 3 3 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 49 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 49 7 or or CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 49 8 as as IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 49 9 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 49 10 result result NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 49 11 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 49 12 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 49 13 synthesis synthesis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 49 14 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 49 15 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 49 16 skin skin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 49 17 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 49 18 UVB uvb NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 49 19 radiation radiation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 49 20 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 50 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 50 2 subsequently subsequently RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 50 3 binds bind VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 50 4 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 50 5 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 50 6 VDBP VDBP NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 50 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 50 8 30 30 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 50 9 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 50 10 31 31 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 50 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 50 12 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 50 13 after after IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 50 14 which which WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 50 15 this this DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 50 16 complex complex NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 50 17 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 50 18 transported transport VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 50 19 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 50 20 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 50 21 liver liver NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 50 22 where where WRB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 50 23 it -PRON- PRP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 50 24 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 50 25 converted convert VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 50 26 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 50 27 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 50 28 D-25hydroxylases D-25hydroxylases NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 50 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 50 30 CYP2RI CYP2RI NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 50 31 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 50 32 CYP27A1 CYP27A1 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 50 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 50 34 into into IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 50 35 25(OH)D. 25(oh)d. CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 51 1 However however RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 51 2 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 51 3 recent recent JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 51 4 studies study NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 51 5 showed show VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 51 6 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 51 7 also also RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 51 8 other other JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 51 9 cell cell NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 51 10 types type NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 51 11 such such JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 51 12 as as IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 51 13 airway airway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 51 14 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 51 15 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 51 16 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 51 17 keratinocytes keratinocyte NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 51 18 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 51 19 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 51 20 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 51 21 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 51 22 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 51 23 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 51 24 monocytes monocyte NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 51 25 / / SYM cord-321401-w4ne60fn 51 26 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 51 27 express express VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 51 28 CYP2RI CYP2RI NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 51 29 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 51 30 CYP27A1 CYP27A1 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 51 31 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 51 32 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 51 33 thus thus RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 51 34 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 51 35 able able JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 51 36 to to TO cord-321401-w4ne60fn 51 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 51 38 locally locally RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 51 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 51 40 convert convert VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 51 41 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 51 42 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 51 43 3 3 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 51 44 into into IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 51 45 25(OH)D 25(oh)d CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 51 46 3 3 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 51 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 51 48 32 32 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 51 49 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 51 50 33 33 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 51 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 51 52 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 52 1 This this DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 52 2 inactive inactive JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 52 3 25(OH)D 25(oh)d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 52 4 needs need VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 52 5 to to TO cord-321401-w4ne60fn 52 6 be be VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 52 7 converted convert VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 52 8 into into IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 52 9 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 52 10 active active JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 52 11 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 52 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 52 13 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 52 14 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 52 15 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 52 16 25-hydroxyvitamin 25-hydroxyvitamin CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 52 17 D-1α d-1α NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 52 18 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 52 19 hydroxylase hydroxylase NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 52 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 52 21 CYP27B1 cyp27b1 NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 52 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 52 23 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 52 24 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 52 25 kidney kidney NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 52 26 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 52 27 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 52 28 other other JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 52 29 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 52 30 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 52 31 including include VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 52 32 several several JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 52 33 immune immune NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 52 34 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 52 35 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 52 36 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 52 37 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 52 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 52 39 34 34 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 52 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 52 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 52 42 35 35 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 52 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 52 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 52 45 36 36 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 52 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 52 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 52 48 37 37 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 52 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 52 50 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 52 51 38 38 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 52 52 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 52 53 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 52 54 39 39 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 52 55 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 52 56 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 52 57 40 40 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 52 58 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 52 59 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 53 1 1,25(OH 1,25(oh LS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 53 2 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 54 1 2 2 LS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 54 2 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 54 3 regulates regulate VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 54 4 expression expression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 54 5 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 54 6 several several JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 54 7 genes gene NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 54 8 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 54 9 binding bind VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 54 10 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 54 11 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 54 12 VDR VDR NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 54 13 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 54 14 which which WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 54 15 heterodimerizes heterodimerize VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 54 16 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 54 17 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 54 18 retinoic retinoic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 54 19 acid acid NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 54 20 receptor receptor NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 54 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 54 22 RXR rxr UH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 54 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 54 24 to to TO cord-321401-w4ne60fn 54 25 interact interact VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 54 26 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 54 27 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 54 28 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 54 29 response response NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 54 30 elements element NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 54 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 54 32 VDREs VDREs NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 54 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 54 34 that that WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 54 35 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 54 36 present present JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 54 37 on on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 54 38 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 54 39 promoter promoter NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 54 40 region region NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 54 41 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 54 42 these these DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 54 43 genes gene NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 54 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 54 45 1 1 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 54 46 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 54 47 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 54 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 54 49 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 55 1 VDR VDR NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 55 2 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 55 3 most most RBS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 55 4 abundantly abundantly RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 55 5 expressed express VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 55 6 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 55 7 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 55 8 enterocytes enterocyte NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 55 9 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 55 10 pancreatic pancreatic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 55 11 islets islet NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 55 12 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 55 13 renal renal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 55 14 distal distal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 55 15 tubules tubule NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 55 16 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 55 17 osteoblasts osteoblast NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 55 18 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 55 19 but but CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 55 20 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 55 21 also also RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 55 22 present present JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 55 23 at at IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 55 24 lower low JJR cord-321401-w4ne60fn 55 25 levels level NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 55 26 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 55 27 most most JJS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 55 28 other other JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 55 29 tissues tissue NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 55 30 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 55 31 several several JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 55 32 other other JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 55 33 epithelial epithelial NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 55 34 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 55 35 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 55 36 immune immune JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 55 37 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 55 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 55 39 41 41 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 55 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 55 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 55 42 42 42 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 55 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 56 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 56 2 43 43 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 56 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 56 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 56 5 44 44 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 56 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 56 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 56 8 45 45 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 56 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 56 10 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 1 Expression expression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 2 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 3 VDR VDR NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 4 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 5 classically classically RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 6 regulated regulate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 7 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 8 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 10 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 11 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 12 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 13 growth growth NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 14 factors factor NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 15 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 16 hormones hormone NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 17 such such JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 18 as as IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 19 FGF-23 FGF-23 NNPS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 20 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 21 PTH PTH NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 22 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 23 respectively respectively RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 24 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 25 circulating circulate VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 26 calcium calcium NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 27 levels level NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 28 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 29 bile bile NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 30 acids acid NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 31 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 32 transcriptional transcriptional JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 33 co co NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 34 - - NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 35 activators activator NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 36 / / SYM cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 37 repressors repressor NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 38 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 39 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 40 genetic genetic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 41 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 42 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 43 epigenetic epigenetic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 44 modifications modification NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 45 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 46 which which WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 47 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 48 tissue tissue NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 49 specific specific JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 50 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 51 46 46 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 52 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 53 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 54 47 47 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 55 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 56 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 57 48 48 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 58 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 59 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 60 49 49 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 61 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 57 62 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 58 1 1,25(OH 1,25(oh LS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 58 2 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 59 1 2 2 LS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 59 2 D D NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 59 3 regulates regulate VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 59 4 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 59 5 own own JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 59 6 negative negative JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 59 7 feedback feedback NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 59 8 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 59 9 several several JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 59 10 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 59 11 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 59 12 including include VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 59 13 induction induction NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 59 14 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 59 15 expression expression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 59 16 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 59 17 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 59 18 catabolic catabolic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 59 19 enzymes enzyme NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 59 20 25-hydroxyvitamin 25-hydroxyvitamin CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 59 21 D-24-hydroxylase D-24-hydroxylase NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 59 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 59 23 CYP24A1 CYP24A1 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 59 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 59 25 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 59 26 CYP3A4 CYP3A4 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 59 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 59 28 50 50 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 59 29 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 59 30 51 51 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 59 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 59 32 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 60 1 CYP24A1 CYP24A1 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 60 2 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 60 3 expressed express VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 60 4 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 60 5 most most JJS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 60 6 tissues tissue NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 60 7 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 60 8 converts convert VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 60 9 both both DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 60 10 25(OH)D 25(oh)d CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 60 11 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 60 12 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 60 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 60 14 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 60 15 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 60 16 into into IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 60 17 23,25(OH 23,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 60 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 60 19 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 60 20 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 60 21 or or CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 60 22 24,25(OH 24,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 60 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 60 24 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 60 25 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 60 26 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 60 27 1,23,25(OH 1,23,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 60 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 60 29 3 3 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 60 30 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 60 31 or or CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 60 32 1,24,25(OH 1,24,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 60 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 60 34 3 3 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 60 35 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 60 36 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 60 37 respectively respectively RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 60 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 60 39 dependent dependent JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 60 40 on on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 60 41 whether whether IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 60 42 CYP24A1 CYP24A1 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 60 43 hydroxylates hydroxylate NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 60 44 at at IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 60 45 C-23 C-23 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 60 46 or or CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 60 47 at at IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 60 48 C-24 C-24 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 60 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 60 50 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 61 1 These these DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 61 2 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 61 3 further further RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 61 4 converted convert VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 61 5 into into IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 61 6 metabolites metabolite NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 61 7 that that WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 61 8 have have VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 61 9 been be VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 61 10 found find VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 61 11 to to TO cord-321401-w4ne60fn 61 12 be be VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 61 13 excreted excrete VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 61 14 into into IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 61 15 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 61 16 bile bile NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 61 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 61 18 summarized summarize VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 61 19 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 61 20 Figure Figure NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 61 21 1 1 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 61 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 61 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 61 24 50 50 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 61 25 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 61 26 52 52 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 61 27 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 61 28 56 56 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 61 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 61 30 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 62 1 CYP3A4 CYP3A4 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 62 2 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 62 3 mainly mainly RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 62 4 expressed express VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 62 5 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 62 6 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 62 7 liver liver NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 62 8 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 62 9 small small JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 62 10 intestines intestine NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 62 11 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 62 12 contributes contribute VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 62 13 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 62 14 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 62 15 metabolic metabolic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 62 16 clearance clearance NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 62 17 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 62 18 25(OH)D 25(oh)d CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 62 19 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 62 20 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 62 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 63 1 2 2 LS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 63 2 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 63 3 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 63 4 converting convert VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 63 5 25(OH)D 25(oh)d CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 63 6 into into IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 63 7 4β,25(OH 4β,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 63 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 63 9 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 63 10 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 63 11 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 63 12 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 63 13 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 63 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 63 15 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 63 16 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 63 17 into into IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 63 18 Frontiers Frontiers NNPS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 63 19 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 63 20 Immunology Immunology NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 63 21 | | NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 63 22 www.frontiersin.org www.frontiersin.org NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 63 23 1,23R,25(OH 1,23r,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 63 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 63 25 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 63 26 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 63 27 or or CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 63 28 1,24S,25(OH 1,24s,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 63 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 63 30 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 63 31 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 63 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 63 33 51 51 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 63 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 63 35 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 64 1 Expression expression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 64 2 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 64 3 both both DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 64 4 CYP27B1 cyp27b1 NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 64 5 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 64 6 CYP24A1 cyp24a1 VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 64 7 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 64 8 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 64 9 kidneys kidney NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 64 10 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 64 11 tightly tightly RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 64 12 regulated regulate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 64 13 to to TO cord-321401-w4ne60fn 64 14 maintain maintain VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 64 15 optimal optimal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 65 1 Ca ca NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 65 2 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 65 3 + + SYM cord-321401-w4ne60fn 65 4 -and -and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 65 5 PO po NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 65 6 4 4 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 66 1 2− 2− JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 66 2 levels level NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 66 3 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 66 4 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 66 5 circulation circulation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 66 6 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 66 7 which which WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 66 8 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 66 9 important important JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 66 10 for for IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 66 11 bone bone NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 66 12 mineralization mineralization NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 66 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 66 14 57 57 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 66 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 66 16 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 67 1 In in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 67 2 short short JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 67 3 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 67 4 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 67 5 response response NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 67 6 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 67 7 low low JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 67 8 Ca Ca NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 67 9 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 67 10 + + SYM cord-321401-w4ne60fn 67 11 levels level NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 67 12 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 67 13 parathyroid parathyroid JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 67 14 hormone hormone NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 67 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 67 16 PTH PTH NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 67 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 67 18 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 67 19 secreted secrete VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 67 20 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 67 21 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 67 22 pituitary pituitary JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 67 23 glands gland NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 67 24 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 67 25 which which WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 67 26 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 67 27 turn turn NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 67 28 reduces reduce VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 68 1 Ca ca NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 68 2 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 68 3 + + CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 68 4 excretion excretion NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 68 5 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 68 6 reabsorption reabsorption NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 68 7 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 68 8 PO PO NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 68 9 4 4 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 68 10 2− 2− CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 68 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 68 12 57 57 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 68 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 68 14 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 69 1 PTH PTH NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 69 2 further further RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 69 3 induces induce VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 69 4 expression expression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 69 5 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 69 6 CYP27B1 cyp27b1 NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 69 7 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 69 8 represses repress VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 69 9 expression expression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 69 10 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 69 11 CYP24A1 CYP24A1 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 69 12 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 69 13 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 69 14 kidneys kidney NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 69 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 69 16 57 57 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 69 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 69 18 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 70 1 This this DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 70 2 will will MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 70 3 increase increase VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 70 4 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 70 5 levels level NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 70 6 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 70 7 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 70 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 70 9 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 70 10 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 70 11 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 70 12 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 70 13 circulation circulation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 70 14 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 70 15 which which WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 70 16 promotes promote VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 70 17 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 70 18 Ca Ca NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 70 19 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 70 20 + + SYM cord-321401-w4ne60fn 70 21 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 70 22 PO PO NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 70 23 4 4 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 71 1 2− 2− JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 71 2 absorption absorption NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 71 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 71 4 57 57 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 71 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 71 6 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 72 1 These these DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 72 2 elevated elevated JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 72 3 circulating circulating NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 73 1 Ca ca NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 73 2 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 73 3 + + SYM cord-321401-w4ne60fn 73 4 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 73 5 PO PO NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 73 6 4 4 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 74 1 2− 2− JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 74 2 levels level NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 74 3 will will MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 74 4 subsequently subsequently RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 74 5 induce induce VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 74 6 expression expression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 74 7 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 74 8 fibroblast fibroblast NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 74 9 growth growth NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 74 10 factor factor NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 74 11 23 23 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 74 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 74 13 FGF-23 FGF-23 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 74 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 74 15 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 74 16 osteocytes osteocyte NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 74 17 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 74 18 osteoblasts osteoblast NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 74 19 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 74 20 impair impair VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 74 21 secretion secretion NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 74 22 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 74 23 parathyroid parathyroid JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 74 24 hormone hormone NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 74 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 74 26 PTH PTH NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 74 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 74 28 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 74 29 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 74 30 parathyroid parathyroid JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 74 31 glands gland NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 74 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 74 33 3 3 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 74 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 74 35 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 75 1 In in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 75 2 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 75 3 kidneys kidney NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 75 4 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 75 5 FGF-23 FGF-23 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 75 6 suppresses suppress VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 75 7 expression expression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 75 8 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 75 9 CYP27B1 cyp27b1 NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 75 10 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 75 11 induces induce VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 75 12 expression expression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 75 13 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 75 14 CYP24A1 CYP24A1 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 75 15 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 75 16 thereby thereby RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 75 17 inhibiting inhibit VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 75 18 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 75 19 synthesis synthesis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 75 20 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 75 21 promoting promote VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 75 22 degradation degradation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 75 23 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 75 24 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 75 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 75 26 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 75 27 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 75 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 75 29 3 3 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 75 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 75 31 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 76 1 These these DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 76 2 complex complex JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 76 3 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 76 4 that that WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 76 5 explain explain VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 76 6 how how WRB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 76 7 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 76 8 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 76 9 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 76 10 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 76 11 metabolic metabolic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 76 12 enzymes enzyme NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 76 13 maintain maintain VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 76 14 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 77 1 Ca ca NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 77 2 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 77 3 + + SYM cord-321401-w4ne60fn 77 4 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 77 5 PO PO NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 77 6 4 4 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 78 1 2− 2− JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 78 2 levels level NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 78 3 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 78 4 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 78 5 circulation circulation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 78 6 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 78 7 more more RBR cord-321401-w4ne60fn 78 8 extensively extensively RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 78 9 discussed discuss VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 78 10 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 78 11 Quarles Quarles NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 78 12 et et NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 78 13 al al NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 78 14 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 79 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 79 2 57 57 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 79 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 79 4 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 80 1 In in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 80 2 summary summary NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 80 3 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 80 4 it -PRON- PRP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 80 5 has have VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 80 6 become become VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 80 7 increasingly increasingly RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 80 8 evident evident JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 80 9 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 80 10 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 80 11 effects effect NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 80 12 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 80 13 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 80 14 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 80 15 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 80 16 not not RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 80 17 limited limit VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 80 18 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 80 19 homeostasis homeostasis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 80 20 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 80 21 Ca Ca NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 80 22 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 81 1 + + CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 82 1 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 82 2 PO PO NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 82 3 4 4 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 82 4 2− 2− CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 82 5 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 82 6 bone bone NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 82 7 mineralization mineralization NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 82 8 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 82 9 because because IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 82 10 several several JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 82 11 extra extra JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 82 12 - - JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 82 13 renal renal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 82 14 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 82 15 such such JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 82 16 as as IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 82 17 airway airway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 82 18 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 82 19 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 82 20 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 82 21 immune immune JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 82 22 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 82 23 express express VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 82 24 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 82 25 VDR VDR NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 82 26 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 82 27 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 82 28 capable capable JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 82 29 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 82 30 converting convert VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 82 31 circulating circulate VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 82 32 25(OH)D 25(oh)d CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 82 33 into into IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 82 34 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 82 35 active active JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 82 36 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 82 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 82 38 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 82 39 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 82 40 metabolite metabolite NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 82 41 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 83 1 Local local JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 83 2 levels level NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 83 3 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 83 4 activity activity NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 83 5 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 83 6 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 83 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 83 8 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 83 9 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 83 10 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 83 11 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 83 12 part part NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 83 13 determined determine VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 83 14 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 83 15 expression expression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 83 16 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 83 17 VDR VDR NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 83 18 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 83 19 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 83 20 equilibrium equilibrium NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 83 21 between between IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 83 22 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 83 23 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 83 24 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 83 25 metabolic metabolic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 83 26 enzymes enzyme NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 83 27 CYP27B1 cyp27b1 VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 83 28 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 83 29 CYP24A1 CYP24A1 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 83 30 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 84 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 84 2 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 84 3 important important JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 84 4 to to TO cord-321401-w4ne60fn 84 5 realize realize VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 84 6 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 84 7 mucosal mucosal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 84 8 expression expression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 84 9 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 84 10 CYP24A1 CYP24A1 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 84 11 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 84 12 CYP27B1 cyp27b1 NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 84 13 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 84 14 also also RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 84 15 VDR VDR NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 84 16 can can MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 84 17 be be VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 84 18 affected affect VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 84 19 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 84 20 several several JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 84 21 disease disease NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 84 22 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 84 23 associated associate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 84 24 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 84 25 mediators mediator NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 84 26 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 84 27 toxicants toxicant NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 84 28 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 84 29 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 84 30 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 84 31 summarized summarize VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 84 32 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 84 33 Table Table NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 84 34 1 1 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 84 35 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 85 1 As as IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 85 2 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 85 3 consequence consequence NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 85 4 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 85 5 this this DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 85 6 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 85 7 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 85 8 local local JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 85 9 availability availability NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 85 10 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 85 11 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 85 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 85 13 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 85 14 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 85 15 and/or and/or CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 85 16 VDR VDR NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 85 17 signaling signal VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 85 18 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 85 19 tissues tissue NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 85 20 such such JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 85 21 as as IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 85 22 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 85 23 inflamed inflamed JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 85 24 airways airway NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 85 25 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 85 26 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 85 27 that that WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 85 28 suffer suffer VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 85 29 from from IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 85 30 chronic chronic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 85 31 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 85 32 airway airway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 85 33 diseases disease NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 85 34 might may MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 85 35 be be VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 85 36 reduced reduce VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 85 37 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 86 1 Chronic chronic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 86 2 lung lung NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 86 3 diseases disease NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 86 4 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 86 5 characterized characterize VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 86 6 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 86 7 airway airway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 86 8 inflammation inflammation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 86 9 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 86 10 impaired impaired JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 86 11 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 86 12 host host NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 86 13 defense defense NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 86 14 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 86 15 which which WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 86 16 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 86 17 illustrated illustrate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 86 18 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 86 19 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 86 20 increased increase VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 86 21 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 86 22 for for IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 86 23 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 86 24 infections infection NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 86 25 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 86 26 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 86 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 86 28 25 25 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 86 29 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 86 30 80 80 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 86 31 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 86 32 81 81 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 86 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 86 34 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 87 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 87 2 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 87 3 exposure exposure NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 87 4 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 87 5 inhaled inhale VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 87 6 toxicants toxicant NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 87 7 such such JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 87 8 as as IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 87 9 cigarette cigarette NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 87 10 smoke smoke NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 87 11 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 87 12 air air NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 87 13 pollutants pollutant NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 87 14 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 87 15 associated associate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 87 16 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 87 17 disease disease NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 87 18 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 87 19 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 87 20 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 87 21 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 87 22 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 87 23 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 87 24 CF CF NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 87 25 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 87 26 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 87 27 asthma asthma NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 87 28 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 87 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 87 30 82 82 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 87 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 88 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 88 2 83 83 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 88 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 89 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 89 2 84 84 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 89 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 89 4 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 90 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 90 2 would would MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 90 3 therefore therefore RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 90 4 be be VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 90 5 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 90 6 great great JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 90 7 interest interest NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 90 8 to to TO cord-321401-w4ne60fn 90 9 investigate investigate VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 90 10 these these DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 90 11 effects effect NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 90 12 on on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 90 13 local local JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 90 14 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 90 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 90 16 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 90 17 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 90 18 levels level NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 90 19 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 90 20 on on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 90 21 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 90 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 90 23 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 90 24 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 90 25 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 90 26 mediated mediate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 90 27 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 90 28 host host NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 90 29 defense defense NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 90 30 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 90 31 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 90 32 airway airway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 90 33 mucosa mucosa NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 90 34 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 91 1 Studies study NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 91 2 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 91 3 airway airway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 91 4 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 91 5 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 91 6 have have VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 91 7 shown show VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 91 8 that that DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 91 9 exposure exposure NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 91 10 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 91 11 UV uv NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 91 12 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 91 13 inactivated inactivate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 91 14 non non JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 91 15 - - JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 91 16 typeable typeable JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 91 17 Haemophilus haemophilus NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 91 18 influenzae influenzae NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 91 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 91 20 NTHi NTHi NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 91 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 91 22 increased increase VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 91 23 expression expression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 91 24 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 91 25 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 91 26 _SP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 91 27 COGA-1A COGA-1A NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 91 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 91 29 colon colon NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 91 30 cancer cancer NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 91 31 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 91 32 cell cell NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 91 33 line line NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 91 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 92 1 Trophoblasts Trophoblasts NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 92 2 TNF TNF NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 92 3 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 92 4 α α NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 92 5 ; ; : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 92 6 IL-1β il-1β ADD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 92 7 ; ; : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 92 8 IL-6 IL-6 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 92 9 CYP24A1 cyp24a1 NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 92 10 ↑ ↑ NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 92 11 Macrophages macrophages NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 92 12 Macrophages macrophage NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 92 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 92 14 derived derive VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 92 15 from from IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 92 16 THP-1 THP-1 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 92 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 92 18 Macrophages macrophages NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 92 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 92 20 derived derive VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 92 21 from from IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 92 22 THP-1 THP-1 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 92 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 92 24 _SP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 92 25 T t NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 92 26 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 92 27 T t NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 92 28 cell cell NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 92 29 activators activator NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 92 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 92 31 anti anti JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 92 32 - - JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 92 33 CD3 cd3 JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 92 34 / / SYM cord-321401-w4ne60fn 92 35 anti anti NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 92 36 - - NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 92 37 CD28 CD28 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 92 38 ; ; : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 92 39 PHA PHA NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 92 40 ; ; : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 92 41 PMA PMA NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 92 42 / / SYM cord-321401-w4ne60fn 92 43 ionomycin ionomycin NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 92 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 93 1 other other JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 93 2 hand hand NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 93 3 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 93 4 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 93 5 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 93 6 bronchial bronchial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 93 7 cell cell NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 93 8 line line NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 93 9 BEAS-2B BEAS-2B NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 93 10 expression expression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 93 11 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 93 12 VDR VDR NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 93 13 was be VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 93 14 decreased decrease VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 93 15 after after IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 93 16 infection infection NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 93 17 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 93 18 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 93 19 viruses virus NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 93 20 such such JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 93 21 as as IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 93 22 human human JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 93 23 rhinovirus rhinovirus NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 93 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 93 25 HRV HRV NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 93 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 93 27 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 93 28 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 93 29 syncytial syncytial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 93 30 virus virus NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 93 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 93 32 RSV RSV NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 93 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 93 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 93 35 58 58 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 93 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 93 37 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 94 1 Collectively collectively RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 94 2 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 94 3 these these DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 94 4 studies study NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 94 5 have have VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 94 6 shown show VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 94 7 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 94 8 airway airway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 94 9 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 94 10 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 94 11 that that WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 94 12 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 94 13 viral viral JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 94 14 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 94 15 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 94 16 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 94 17 infections infection NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 94 18 can can MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 94 19 either either CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 94 20 promote promote VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 94 21 or or CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 94 22 impair impair VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 94 23 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 94 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 94 25 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 94 26 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 94 27 synthesis synthesis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 94 28 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 94 29 responses response NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 94 30 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 95 1 A a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 95 2 local local JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 95 3 airway airway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 95 4 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 95 5 milieu milieu NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 95 6 can can MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 95 7 also also RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 95 8 exert exert VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 95 9 differential differential JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 95 10 effects effect NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 95 11 on on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 95 12 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 95 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 95 14 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 95 15 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 95 16 synthesis synthesis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 95 17 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 95 18 signaling signaling NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 95 19 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 95 20 dependent dependent JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 95 21 on on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 95 22 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 95 23 type type NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 95 24 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 95 25 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 95 26 mediators mediator NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 95 27 that that WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 95 28 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 95 29 predominantly predominantly RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 95 30 present present JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 95 31 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 2 have have VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 3 shown show VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 4 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 5 differentiated differentiated JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 6 primary primary JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 7 airway airway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 8 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 9 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 10 that that WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 11 Th2 th2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 12 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 13 such such JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 14 as as IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 15 IL-4 IL-4 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 16 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 17 IL-13 IL-13 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 18 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 19 enhance enhance VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 20 expression expression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 21 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 22 CYP27B1 cyp27b1 NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 23 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 24 expression expression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 25 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 26 hCAP18 hCAP18 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 27 / / SYM cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 28 LL-37 LL-37 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 29 upon upon IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 30 25(OH)D3 25(oh)d3 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 31 treatment treatment NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 32 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 33 which which WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 34 suggests suggest VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 35 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 36 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 37 Th2-inflammatory Th2-inflammatory NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 38 environment environment NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 39 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 40 as as IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 41 found find VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 42 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 43 allergic allergic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 44 airway airway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 45 inflammation inflammation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 46 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 47 increases increase VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 48 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 49 conversion conversion NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 50 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 51 25(OH)D 25(oh)d CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 52 into into IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 53 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 54 active active JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 55 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 56 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 57 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 58 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 59 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 60 83 83 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 61 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 62 85 85 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 63 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 96 64 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 97 1 The the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 97 2 observation observation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 97 3 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 97 4 levels level NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 97 5 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 97 6 both both DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 97 7 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 97 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 97 9 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 97 10 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 97 11 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 97 12 hCAP18 hCAP18 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 97 13 / / SYM cord-321401-w4ne60fn 97 14 LL-37 LL-37 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 97 15 were be VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 97 16 increased increase VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 97 17 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 97 18 bronchoalveolar bronchoalveolar NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 97 19 lavage lavage NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 97 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 97 21 BAL BAL NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 97 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 97 23 after after IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 97 24 allergen allergen NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 97 25 challenge challenge NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 97 26 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 97 27 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 97 28 line line NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 97 29 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 97 30 this this DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 97 31 proposed propose VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 97 32 mechanism mechanism NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 97 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 97 34 86 86 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 97 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 97 36 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 98 1 This this DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 98 2 effect effect NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 98 3 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 98 4 Th2 Th2 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 98 5 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 98 6 was be VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 98 7 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 98 8 contrast contrast NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 98 9 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 98 10 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 98 11 effects effect NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 98 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 98 13 chronic chronic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 98 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 98 15 exposures exposure NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 98 16 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 98 17 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 98 18 proinflammatory proinflammatory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 98 19 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 98 20 IL-1β IL-1β NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 98 21 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 98 22 TNF TNF NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 98 23 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 98 24 α α NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 98 25 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 98 26 IL-17A IL-17A NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 98 27 that that WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 98 28 strongly strongly RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 98 29 increased increase VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 98 30 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 98 31 expression expression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 98 32 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 98 33 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 98 34 25(OH)D 25(oh)d CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 98 35 - - : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 98 36 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 98 37 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 98 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 99 1 2 2 LS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 99 2 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 99 3 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 99 4 degrading degrade VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 99 5 CYP24A1 cyp24a1 NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 99 6 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 99 7 even even RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 99 8 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 99 9 absence absence NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 99 10 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 99 11 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 99 12 inducer inducer NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 99 13 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 99 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 99 15 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 99 16 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 99 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 99 18 61 61 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 99 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 99 20 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 100 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 100 2 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 100 3 shortterm shortterm JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 100 4 exposures exposure NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 100 5 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 100 6 TGF TGF NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 100 7 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 100 8 β1 β1 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 100 9 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 100 10 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 100 11 pleiotropic pleiotropic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 100 12 growth growth NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 100 13 factor factor NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 100 14 which which WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 100 15 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 100 16 elevated elevate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 100 17 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 100 18 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 100 19 lungs lung NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 100 20 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 100 21 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 100 22 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 100 23 CF CF NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 100 24 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 100 25 asthma asthma NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 100 26 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 100 27 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 100 28 also also RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 100 29 increases increase VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 100 30 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 100 31 expression expression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 100 32 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 100 33 CYP24A1 CYP24A1 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 100 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 100 35 62 62 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 100 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 100 37 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 101 1 As as IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 101 2 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 101 3 consequence consequence NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 101 4 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 101 5 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 101 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 101 7 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 101 8 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 101 9 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 101 10 mediated mediate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 101 11 expression expression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 101 12 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 101 13 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 101 14 AMP amp NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 102 1 hCAP18 hCAP18 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 102 2 / / SYM cord-321401-w4ne60fn 102 3 LL-37 LL-37 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 102 4 was be VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 102 5 impaired impair VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 102 6 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 102 7 which which WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 102 8 was be VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 102 9 likely likely RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 102 10 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 102 11 result result NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 102 12 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 102 13 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 102 14 enhanced enhanced JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 102 15 degradation degradation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 102 16 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 102 17 both both DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 102 18 25(OH)D 25(oh)d CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 102 19 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 102 20 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 102 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 102 22 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 102 23 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 102 24 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 102 25 this this DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 102 26 enzyme enzyme NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 102 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 102 28 61 61 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 102 29 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 102 30 62 62 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 102 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 102 32 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 103 1 In in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 103 2 addition addition NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 103 3 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 103 4 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 103 5 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 103 6 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 103 7 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 103 8 exposure exposure NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 103 9 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 103 10 inhaled inhale VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 103 11 toxicants toxicant NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 103 12 such such JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 103 13 as as IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 103 14 cigarette cigarette NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 103 15 smoke smoke NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 103 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 103 17 CS CS NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 103 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 103 19 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 103 20 particulate particulate NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 103 21 matter matter NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 103 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 103 23 PM pm NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 103 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 103 25 may may MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 103 26 also also RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 103 27 alter alter VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 103 28 expression expression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 103 29 or or CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 103 30 activity activity NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 103 31 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 103 32 VDR VDR NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 103 33 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 103 34 CYP27B1 cyp27b1 NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 103 35 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 104 1 Studies study NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 104 2 have have VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 104 3 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 104 4 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 104 5 cigarette cigarette NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 104 6 smoking smoking NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 104 7 or or CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 104 8 exposure exposure NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 104 9 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 104 10 CS CS NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 104 11 extract extract NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 104 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 104 13 CSE CSE NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 104 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 104 15 decreases decrease VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 104 16 expression expression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 104 17 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 104 18 CYP27B1 cyp27b1 NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 104 19 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 104 20 inhibited inhibited JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 104 21 membrane membrane NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 104 22 bound bind VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 104 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 104 24 m)VDR m)vdr NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 104 25 translocation translocation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 104 26 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 104 27 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 104 28 cell cell NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 104 29 membrane membrane NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 104 30 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 104 31 airway airway JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 104 32 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 104 33 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 104 34 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 104 35 A549 a549 JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 104 36 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 104 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 104 38 an an DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 104 39 alveolar alveolar JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 104 40 tumor tumor NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 104 41 cell cell NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 104 42 line line NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 104 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 104 44 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 104 45 respectively respectively RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 104 46 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 104 47 63 63 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 104 48 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 104 49 64 64 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 104 50 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 104 51 66 66 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 104 52 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 104 53 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 105 1 This this DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 105 2 inhibition inhibition NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 105 3 reduces reduce VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 105 4 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 105 5 conversion conversion NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 105 6 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 105 7 25(OH)D 25(oh)d CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 105 8 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 105 9 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 105 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 105 11 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 105 12 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 105 13 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 105 14 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 105 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 105 16 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 105 17 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 105 18 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 105 19 mediated mediate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 105 20 gene gene NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 105 21 expression expression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 105 22 as as RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 105 23 well well RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 105 24 as as IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 105 25 nongenomic nongenomic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 105 26 actions action NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 105 27 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 105 28 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 105 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 105 30 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 105 31 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 105 32 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 105 33 membrane membrane NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 105 34 associated associate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 105 35 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 105 36 rapid rapid JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 105 37 response response NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 105 38 steroid steroid NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 105 39 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 105 40 binding bind VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 105 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 105 42 MARRS)-signaling marrs)-signale VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 105 43 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 105 44 63 63 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 105 45 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 105 46 64 64 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 105 47 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 105 48 66 66 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 105 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 105 50 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 106 1 This this DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 106 2 adverse adverse JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 106 3 effect effect NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 106 4 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 106 5 cigarette cigarette NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 106 6 smoking smoking NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 106 7 on on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 106 8 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 106 9 synthesis synthesis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 106 10 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 106 11 effects effect NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 106 12 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 106 13 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 106 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 106 15 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 106 16 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 106 17 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 106 18 airway airway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 106 19 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 106 20 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 106 21 was be VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 106 22 recently recently RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 106 23 confirmed confirm VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 106 24 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 106 25 vivo vivo NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 106 26 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 106 27 Vargas Vargas NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 106 28 Buonfiglio Buonfiglio NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 106 29 et et NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 106 30 al al NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 106 31 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 107 1 who who WP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 107 2 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 107 3 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 107 4 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 107 5 D D NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 107 6 supplementation supplementation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 107 7 increased increase VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 107 8 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 107 9 activity activity NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 107 10 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 107 11 apical apical JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 107 12 surface surface NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 107 13 liquid liquid NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 107 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 107 15 ASL ASL NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 107 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 107 17 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 107 18 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 107 19 airway airway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 107 20 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 107 21 healthy healthy JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 107 22 non non NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 107 23 - - NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 107 24 smokers smoker NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 107 25 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 107 26 but but CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 107 27 not not RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 107 28 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 107 29 smokers smoker NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 107 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 107 31 64 64 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 107 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 107 33 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 108 1 On on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 108 2 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 108 3 other other JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 108 4 hand hand NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 108 5 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 108 6 exposure exposure NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 108 7 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 108 8 PM pm NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 108 9 increases increase VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 108 10 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 108 11 expression expression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 108 12 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 108 13 both both DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 108 14 CYP27B1 cyp27b1 NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 108 15 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 108 16 VDR VDR NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 108 17 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 108 18 airway airway JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 108 19 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 108 20 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 108 21 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 108 22 thereby thereby RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 108 23 possibly possibly RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 108 24 promoting promote VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 108 25 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 108 26 synthesis synthesis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 108 27 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 108 28 effects effect NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 108 29 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 108 30 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 108 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 108 32 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 108 33 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 108 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 108 35 59 59 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 108 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 108 37 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 109 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 109 2 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 109 3 however however RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 109 4 important important JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 109 5 to to TO cord-321401-w4ne60fn 109 6 consider consider VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 109 7 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 109 8 several several JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 109 9 retrospective retrospective JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 109 10 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 109 11 observational observational JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 109 12 studies study NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 109 13 have have VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 109 14 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 109 15 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 109 16 air air NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 109 17 pollution pollution NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 109 18 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 109 19 an an DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 109 20 independent independent JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 109 21 risk risk NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 109 22 factor factor NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 109 23 for for IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 109 24 developing develop VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 109 25 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 109 26 D D NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 109 27 deficiency deficiency NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 109 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 109 29 87 87 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 109 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 109 31 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 110 1 In in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 110 2 conclusion conclusion NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 110 3 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 110 4 exposure exposure NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 110 5 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 110 6 CS CS NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 110 7 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 110 8 TGF TGF NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 110 9 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 110 10 β1 β1 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 110 11 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 110 12 presence presence NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 110 13 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 110 14 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 110 15 proinflammatory proinflammatory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 110 16 milieu milieu NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 110 17 appeared appear VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 110 18 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 110 19 most most RBS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 110 20 strongly strongly RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 110 21 decrease decrease VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 110 22 local local JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 110 23 presence presence NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 110 24 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 110 25 signaling signaling NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 110 26 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 110 27 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 110 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 111 1 2 2 LS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 111 2 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 111 3 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 111 4 airway airway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 111 5 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 111 6 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 111 7 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 112 1 IgM IgM NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 112 2 / / SYM cord-321401-w4ne60fn 112 3 anti anti JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 112 4 - - NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 112 5 CD40 CD40 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 112 6 / / SYM cord-321401-w4ne60fn 112 7 IL-21 IL-21 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 112 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 112 9 CYP27B1 cyp27b1 NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 112 10 ↑ ↑ NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 112 11 VDR VDR NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 112 12 ↑(79 ↑(79 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 112 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 113 1 Whereas whereas IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 113 2 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 113 3 various various JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 113 4 studies study NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 113 5 show show VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 113 6 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 113 7 exposure exposure NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 113 8 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 113 9 proinflammatory proinflammatory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 113 10 stimuli stimulus NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 113 11 most most RBS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 113 12 likely likely RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 113 13 affects affect VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 113 14 local local JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 113 15 25(OH)D 25(oh)d CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 113 16 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 113 17 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 113 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 113 19 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 113 20 Dlevels Dlevels NNPS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 113 21 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 113 22 reduces reduce VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 113 23 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 113 24 effects effect NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 113 25 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 113 26 25(OH)D 25(oh)d CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 113 27 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 113 28 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 113 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 113 30 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 113 31 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 113 32 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 113 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 113 34 airway airway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 113 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 113 36 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 113 37 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 113 38 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 113 39 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 113 40 opposite opposite NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 113 41 appears appear VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 113 42 to to TO cord-321401-w4ne60fn 113 43 be be VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 113 44 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 113 45 case case NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 113 46 for for IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 113 47 immune immune JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 113 48 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 113 49 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 114 1 In in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 114 2 monocytes monocyte NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 114 3 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 114 4 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 114 5 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 114 6 neutrophils neutrophil NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 114 7 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 114 8 effects effect NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 114 9 on on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 114 10 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 114 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 114 12 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 114 13 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 114 14 synthesis synthesis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 114 15 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 114 16 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 114 17 responses response NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 114 18 upon upon IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 114 19 25(OH)D 25(oh)d CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 114 20 treatment treatment NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 114 21 were be VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 114 22 generally generally RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 114 23 enhanced enhance VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 114 24 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 114 25 these these DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 114 26 proinflammatory proinflammatory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 114 27 stimuli stimulus NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 114 28 as as IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 114 29 illustrated illustrate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 114 30 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 114 31 increased increase VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 114 32 expression expression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 114 33 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 114 34 both both CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 114 35 VDR VDR NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 114 36 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 114 37 CYP27B1 cyp27b1 NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 114 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 114 39 39 39 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 114 40 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 114 41 71 71 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 114 42 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 114 43 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 114 44 74 74 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 114 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 114 46 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 114 47 75 75 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 114 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 114 49 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 114 50 76 76 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 114 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 114 52 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 114 53 77 77 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 114 54 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 114 55 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 115 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 115 2 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 115 3 therefore therefore RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 115 4 tempting tempt VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 115 5 to to TO cord-321401-w4ne60fn 115 6 speculate speculate VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 115 7 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 115 8 this this DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 115 9 apparent apparent JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 115 10 increase increase NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 115 11 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 115 12 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 115 13 responses response NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 115 14 upon upon IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 115 15 25(OH)D 25(oh)d CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 115 16 treatment treatment NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 115 17 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 115 18 immune immune JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 115 19 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 115 20 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 115 21 an an DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 115 22 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 115 23 environment environment NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 115 24 may may MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 115 25 serve serve VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 115 26 as as IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 115 27 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 115 28 second second JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 115 29 line line NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 115 30 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 115 31 defense defense NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 115 32 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 115 33 compensate compensate VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 115 34 for for IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 115 35 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 115 36 enhanced enhance VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 115 37 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 115 38 degradation degradation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 115 39 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 115 40 25(OH)D 25(oh)d CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 115 41 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 115 42 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 115 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 115 44 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 115 45 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 115 46 during during IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 115 47 inflammation inflammation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 115 48 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 116 1 Inhaled inhale VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 116 2 toxicants toxicant NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 116 3 may may MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 116 4 also also RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 116 5 affect affect VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 116 6 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 116 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 116 8 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 116 9 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 116 10 availability availability NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 116 11 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 116 12 responsiveness responsiveness NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 116 13 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 116 14 immune immune JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 116 15 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 116 16 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 117 1 This this DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 117 2 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 117 3 illustrated illustrate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 117 4 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 117 5 two two CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 117 6 recent recent JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 117 7 studies study NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 117 8 studying study VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 117 9 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 117 10 effects effect NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 117 11 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 117 12 cigarette cigarette NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 117 13 smoke smoke NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 117 14 on on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 117 15 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 117 16 human human JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 117 17 monocyte monocyte NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 117 18 / / SYM cord-321401-w4ne60fn 117 19 macrophage macrophage NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 117 20 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 117 21 like like JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 117 22 cell cell NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 117 23 line line NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 117 24 THP-1 THP-1 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 117 25 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 118 1 One one CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 118 2 study study NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 118 3 showed show VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 118 4 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 118 5 treatment treatment NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 118 6 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 118 7 cigarette cigarette NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 118 8 smoke smoke NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 118 9 extract extract NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 118 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 118 11 CSE CSE NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 118 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 118 13 increased increase VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 118 14 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 118 15 expression expression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 118 16 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 118 17 VDR VDR NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 118 18 without without IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 118 19 enhancing enhance VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 118 20 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 118 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 118 22 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 118 23 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 118 24 responses response NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 118 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 118 26 72 72 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 118 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 118 28 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 118 29 while while IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 118 30 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 118 31 other other JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 118 32 study study NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 118 33 -that -that NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 118 34 focused focus VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 118 35 on on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 118 36 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 118 37 effects effect NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 118 38 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 118 39 Benzo[a]pyrene Benzo[a]pyrene NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 118 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 118 41 BaP bap NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 118 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 118 43 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 118 44 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 118 45 component component NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 118 46 produced produce VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 118 47 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 118 48 cigarette cigarette NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 118 49 combustion)-demonstrated combustion)-demonstrated NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 118 50 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 118 51 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 118 52 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 118 53 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 119 1 Dmediated Dmediated NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 119 2 CYP24A1 cyp24a1 JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 119 3 expression expression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 119 4 was be VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 119 5 induced induce VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 119 6 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 119 7 which which WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 119 8 was be VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 119 9 found find VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 119 10 to to TO cord-321401-w4ne60fn 119 11 further further RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 119 12 enhance enhance VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 119 13 degradation degradation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 119 14 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 119 15 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 119 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 120 1 2 2 LS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 120 2 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 120 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 120 4 73 73 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 120 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 120 6 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 121 1 In in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 121 2 summary summary NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 121 3 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 121 4 proinflammatory proinflammatory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 121 5 stimuli stimulus NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 121 6 generally generally RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 121 7 increased increase VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 121 8 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 121 9 effect effect NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 121 10 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 121 11 25(OH)D 25(oh)d CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 121 12 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 121 13 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 121 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 122 1 2 2 LS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 122 2 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 122 3 on on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 122 4 immune immune JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 122 5 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 122 6 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 122 7 whereas whereas IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 122 8 more more JJR cord-321401-w4ne60fn 122 9 studies study NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 122 10 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 122 11 needed need VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 122 12 to to TO cord-321401-w4ne60fn 122 13 fully fully RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 122 14 determine determine VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 122 15 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 122 16 impact impact NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 122 17 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 122 18 exposure exposure NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 122 19 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 122 20 cigarette cigarette NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 122 21 smoke smoke NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 122 22 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 122 23 other other JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 122 24 inhaled inhale VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 122 25 toxicants toxicant NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 122 26 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 123 1 Whereas whereas IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 123 2 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 123 3 these these DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 123 4 studies study NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 123 5 provide provide VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 123 6 evidence evidence NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 123 7 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 123 8 inflammation inflammation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 123 9 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 123 10 inhaled inhale VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 123 11 toxicants toxicant NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 123 12 may may MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 123 13 affect affect VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 123 14 25(OH)D 25(oh)d CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 123 15 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 123 16 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 123 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 123 18 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 123 19 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 123 20 metabolism metabolism NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 123 21 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 123 22 responsiveness responsiveness NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 123 23 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 123 24 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 123 25 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 123 26 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 123 27 immune immune JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 123 28 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 123 29 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 123 30 it -PRON- PRP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 123 31 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 123 32 not not RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 123 33 clear clear JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 123 34 whether whether IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 123 35 this this DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 123 36 has have VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 123 37 an an DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 123 38 impact impact NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 123 39 on on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 123 40 these these DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 123 41 events event NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 123 42 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 123 43 lung lung NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 123 44 tissue tissue NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 123 45 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 123 46 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 123 47 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 123 48 chronic chronic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 123 49 lung lung NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 123 50 diseases disease NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 123 51 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 124 1 Although although IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 124 2 evidence evidence NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 124 3 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 124 4 limited limited JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 124 5 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 124 6 we -PRON- PRP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 124 7 can can MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 124 8 speculate speculate VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 124 9 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 124 10 levels level NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 124 11 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 124 12 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 124 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 124 14 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 124 15 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 124 16 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 124 17 responses response NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 124 18 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 124 19 also also RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 124 20 affected affect VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 124 21 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 124 22 disease disease NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 124 23 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 124 24 associated associate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 124 25 factors factor NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 124 26 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 124 27 mesenchymal mesenchymal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 124 28 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 124 29 that that WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 124 30 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 124 31 present present JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 124 32 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 124 33 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 124 34 lung lung NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 124 35 mucosa mucosa RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 124 36 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 125 1 One one CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 125 2 study study NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 125 3 that that WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 125 4 showed show VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 125 5 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 125 6 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 125 7 bleomycin bleomycin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 125 8 fibrosis fibrosis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 125 9 model model NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 125 10 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 125 11 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 125 12 primary primary JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 125 13 lung lung NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 125 14 mouse mouse NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 125 15 fibroblasts fibroblast NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 125 16 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 125 17 TGF TGF NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 125 18 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 125 19 β1 β1 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 125 20 reduced reduce VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 125 21 expression expression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 125 22 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 125 23 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 125 24 VDR VDR NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 125 25 might may MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 125 26 support support VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 125 27 this this DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 125 28 assumption assumption NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 125 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 125 30 88 88 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 125 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 125 32 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 126 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 126 2 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 126 3 currently currently RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 126 4 insufficiently insufficiently RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 126 5 studied study VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 126 6 whether whether IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 126 7 exposures exposure NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 126 8 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 126 9 disease disease NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 126 10 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 126 11 associated associate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 126 12 factors factor NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 126 13 promote promote VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 126 14 or or CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 126 15 impair impair VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 126 16 levels level NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 126 17 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 126 18 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 126 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 126 20 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 126 21 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 126 22 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 126 23 responses response NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 126 24 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 126 25 immune- immune- NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 126 26 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 126 27 mesenchymal mesenchymal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 126 28 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 126 29 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 126 30 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 126 31 combined combine VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 126 32 to to TO cord-321401-w4ne60fn 126 33 give give VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 126 34 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 126 35 better well JJR cord-321401-w4ne60fn 126 36 reflection reflection NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 126 37 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 126 38 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 126 39 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 126 40 vivo vivo NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 126 41 situation situation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 126 42 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 127 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 127 2 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 127 3 one one CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 127 4 study study NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 127 5 did do VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 127 6 already already RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 127 7 show show VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 127 8 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 127 9 nasal nasal NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 127 10 CYP27B1-and cyp27b1-and NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 127 11 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 127 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 127 13 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 127 14 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 127 15 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 127 16 levels level NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 127 17 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 127 18 both both DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 127 19 reduced reduce VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 127 20 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 127 21 chronic chronic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 127 22 rhinosinusitis rhinosinusitis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 127 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 127 24 CRS CRS NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 127 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 127 26 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 127 27 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 127 28 nasal nasal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 127 29 polyps polyp NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 127 30 as as IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 127 31 compared compare VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 127 32 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 127 33 CRS CRS NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 127 34 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 127 35 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 127 36 without without IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 127 37 nasal nasal NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 127 38 polyps polyp NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 127 39 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 127 40 whereas whereas IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 127 41 no no DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 127 42 difference difference NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 127 43 was be VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 127 44 found find VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 127 45 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 127 46 circulating circulate VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 127 47 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 127 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 127 49 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 127 50 Dlevels Dlevels NNPS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 127 51 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 127 52 89 89 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 127 53 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 127 54 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 128 1 Since since IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 128 2 most most JJS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 128 3 other other JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 128 4 studies study NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 128 5 were be VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 128 6 performed perform VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 128 7 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 128 8 vitro vitro FW cord-321401-w4ne60fn 128 9 using use VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 128 10 monocultures monoculture NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 128 11 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 128 12 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 128 13 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 128 14 or or CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 128 15 immune immune JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 128 16 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 128 17 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 128 18 more more RBR cord-321401-w4ne60fn 128 19 complex complex JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 128 20 models model NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 128 21 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 128 22 needed need VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 128 23 to to TO cord-321401-w4ne60fn 128 24 delineate delineate VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 128 25 this this DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 128 26 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 129 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 129 2 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 129 3 animal animal NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 129 4 models model NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 129 5 or or CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 129 6 preferably preferably RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 129 7 more more RBR cord-321401-w4ne60fn 129 8 complex complex JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 129 9 animal animal NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 129 10 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 129 11 free free JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 129 12 cell cell NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 129 13 culture culture NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 129 14 models model NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 129 15 using use VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 129 16 co co NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 129 17 - - NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 129 18 cultures culture NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 129 19 or or CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 129 20 organs organ NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 129 21 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 129 22 on on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 129 23 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 129 24 chips chip NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 129 25 models model NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 129 26 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 129 27 primary primary JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 129 28 fully fully RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 129 29 differentiated differentiated JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 129 30 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 129 31 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 129 32 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 129 33 airway airway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 129 34 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 129 35 derived derive VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 129 36 fibroblasts fibroblast NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 129 37 or or CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 129 38 smooth smooth JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 129 39 muscle muscle NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 129 40 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 129 41 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 129 42 immune immune JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 129 43 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 129 44 could could MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 129 45 be be VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 129 46 considered consider VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 129 47 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 129 48 future future JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 129 49 studies study NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 129 50 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 130 1 After after IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 130 2 discussing discuss VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 130 3 altered alter VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 130 4 25(OH)D 25(oh)d CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 130 5 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 130 6 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 130 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 130 8 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 130 9 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 130 10 metabolism metabolism NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 130 11 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 130 12 responsiveness responsiveness NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 130 13 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 130 14 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 130 15 inflamed inflamed JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 130 16 airway airway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 130 17 mucosa mucosa NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 130 18 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 130 19 it -PRON- PRP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 130 20 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 130 21 important important JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 130 22 to to TO cord-321401-w4ne60fn 130 23 consider consider VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 130 24 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 130 25 possible possible JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 130 26 consequences consequence NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 130 27 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 130 28 these these DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 130 29 inflammation inflammation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 130 30 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 130 31 induced induce VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 130 32 changes change NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 130 33 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 130 34 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 130 35 airway airway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 130 36 mucosa mucosa NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 130 37 keeping keep VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 130 38 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 130 39 mind mind NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 130 40 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 130 41 pleotropic pleotropic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 130 42 effects effect NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 130 43 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 130 44 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 130 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 130 46 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 130 47 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 130 48 that that WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 130 49 were be VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 130 50 introduced introduce VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 130 51 earlier early RBR cord-321401-w4ne60fn 130 52 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 131 1 In in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 131 2 several several JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 131 3 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 131 4 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 131 5 tissues tissue NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 131 6 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 131 7 organs organ NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 131 8 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 131 9 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 131 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 131 11 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 131 12 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 131 13 regulates regulate VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 131 14 multiple multiple JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 131 15 cellular cellular JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 131 16 processes process NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 131 17 that that WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 131 18 affect affect VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 131 19 normal normal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 131 20 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 131 21 malignant malignant JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 131 22 cell cell NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 131 23 growth growth NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 131 24 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 131 25 differentiation differentiation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 131 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 131 27 90 90 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 131 28 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 131 29 91 91 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 131 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 131 31 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 132 1 1,25(OH 1,25(oh LS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 132 2 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 132 3 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 132 4 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 132 5 displays display NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 132 6 furthermore furthermore RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 132 7 protective protective JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 132 8 effects effect NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 132 9 on on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 132 10 mucosal mucosal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 132 11 host host NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 132 12 defense defense NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 132 13 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 132 14 maintaining maintain VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 132 15 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 132 16 integrity integrity NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 132 17 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 132 18 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 132 19 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 132 20 barrier barrier NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 132 21 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 132 22 inhibition inhibition NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 132 23 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 132 24 epithelial epithelial NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 132 25 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 132 26 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 132 27 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 132 28 mesenchymal mesenchymal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 132 29 transition transition NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 132 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 132 31 EMT EMT NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 132 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 132 33 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 132 34 stimulating stimulate VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 132 35 production production NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 132 36 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 132 37 AMPs amp NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 132 38 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 132 39 modulating modulate VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 132 40 both both DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 132 41 innate innate JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 132 42 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 132 43 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 132 44 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 132 45 immune immune JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 132 46 functions function NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 132 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 132 48 7 7 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 132 49 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 132 50 29 29 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 132 51 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 132 52 92 92 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 132 53 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 132 54 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 133 1 In in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 133 2 addition addition NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 133 3 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 133 4 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 133 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 133 6 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 133 7 D D NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 133 8 maintains maintain VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 133 9 both both CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 133 10 energetic energetic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 133 11 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 133 12 survival survival NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 133 13 homeostasis homeostasis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 133 14 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 133 15 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 133 16 mucosal mucosal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 133 17 epithelium epithelium NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 133 18 through through IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 133 19 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 133 20 modulation modulation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 133 21 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 133 22 stress stress NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 133 23 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 133 24 damage damage NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 133 25 responses response NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 133 26 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 133 27 including include VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 133 28 clearance clearance NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 133 29 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 133 30 disturbing disturbing JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 133 31 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 133 32 stressful stressful JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 133 33 agents agent NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 133 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 133 35 3 3 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 133 36 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 133 37 93 93 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 133 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 134 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 134 2 Figure figure NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 134 3 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 134 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 134 5 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 135 1 In in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 135 2 chronic chronic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 135 3 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 135 4 lung lung NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 135 5 diseases disease NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 135 6 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 135 7 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 135 8 barrier barrier NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 135 9 function function NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 135 10 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 135 11 impaired impair VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 135 12 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 135 13 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 135 14 as as IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 135 15 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 135 16 consequence consequence NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 135 17 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 135 18 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 135 19 toward toward IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 135 20 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 135 21 infections infection NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 135 22 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 135 23 increased increase VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 135 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 135 25 94 94 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 135 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 135 27 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 136 1 There there EX cord-321401-w4ne60fn 136 2 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 136 3 increasing increase VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 136 4 evidence evidence NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 136 5 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 136 6 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 136 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 137 1 2 2 LS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 137 2 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 137 3 promotes promote VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 137 4 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 137 5 barrier barrier NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 137 6 integrity integrity NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 137 7 or or CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 137 8 protects protect VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 137 9 against against IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 137 10 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 137 11 barrier barrier NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 137 12 destruction destruction NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 137 13 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 138 1 In in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 138 2 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 138 3 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 138 4 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 138 5 bronchial bronchial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 138 6 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 138 7 cell cell NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 138 8 line line NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 138 9 16HBE 16hbe CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 138 10 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 138 11 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 138 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 138 13 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 138 14 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 138 15 inhibited inhibit VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 138 16 CSEmediated csemediated JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 138 17 reduction reduction NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 138 18 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 138 19 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 138 20 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 138 21 barrier barrier NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 138 22 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 138 23 expression expression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 138 24 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 138 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 138 26 97 97 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 138 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 138 28 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 139 1 Only only RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 139 2 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 139 3 first first JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 139 4 study study NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 139 5 that that WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 139 6 used use VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 139 7 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 139 8 more more RBR cord-321401-w4ne60fn 139 9 severe severe JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 139 10 mouse mouse NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 139 11 model model NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 139 12 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 139 13 higher high JJR cord-321401-w4ne60fn 139 14 levels level NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 139 15 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 139 16 inflammation inflammation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 139 17 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 139 18 edema edema NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 139 19 found find VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 139 20 an an DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 139 21 effect effect NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 139 22 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 139 23 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 139 24 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 139 25 on on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 139 26 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 139 27 barrier barrier NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 139 28 function function NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 139 29 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 140 1 Since since IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 140 2 inflammation inflammation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 140 3 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 140 4 detrimental detrimental JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 140 5 for for IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 140 6 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 140 7 barrier barrier NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 140 8 integrity integrity NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 140 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 140 10 98 98 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 140 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 140 12 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 140 13 it -PRON- PRP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 140 14 can can MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 140 15 not not RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 140 16 be be VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 140 17 excluded exclude VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 140 18 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 140 19 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 140 20 main main JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 140 21 protective protective JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 140 22 effects effect NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 140 23 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 140 24 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 140 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 140 26 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 140 27 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 140 28 on on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 140 29 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 140 30 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 140 31 barrier barrier NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 140 32 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 140 33 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 140 34 first first JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 140 35 study study NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 140 36 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 140 37 Shi Shi NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 140 38 et et FW cord-321401-w4ne60fn 140 39 al al NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 140 40 . . NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 140 41 were be VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 140 42 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 140 43 fact fact NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 140 44 exerted exert VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 140 45 through through IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 140 46 inhibition inhibition NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 140 47 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 140 48 inflammation inflammation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 140 49 rather rather RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 140 50 than than IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 140 51 via via IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 140 52 direct direct JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 140 53 induction induction NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 140 54 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 140 55 cell cell NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 140 56 junction junction NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 140 57 proteins protein NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 140 58 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 141 1 1,25(OH 1,25(oh LS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 141 2 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 141 3 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 141 4 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 141 5 might may MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 141 6 also also RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 141 7 promote promote VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 141 8 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 141 9 barrier barrier NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 141 10 function function NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 141 11 through through IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 141 12 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 141 13 ability ability NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 141 14 to to TO cord-321401-w4ne60fn 141 15 increase increase VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 141 16 expression expression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 141 17 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 141 18 cystic cystic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 141 19 fibrosis fibrosis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 141 20 transmembrane transmembrane NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 141 21 conductance conductance NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 141 22 regulator regulator NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 141 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 141 24 CFTR CFTR NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 141 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 141 26 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 141 27 airway airway JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 141 28 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 141 29 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 141 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 141 31 32 32 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 141 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 141 33 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 142 1 CFTR CFTR NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 142 2 maintains maintain VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 142 3 optimal optimal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 142 4 ASL asl NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 142 5 - - : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 142 6 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 142 7 mucus mucus NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 142 8 hydration hydration NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 142 9 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 142 10 volume volume NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 142 11 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 142 12 pH ph NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 142 13 that that WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 142 14 support support VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 142 15 mucociliary mucociliary JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 142 16 clearance clearance NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 142 17 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 142 18 activity activity NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 142 19 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 142 20 AMPs amp NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 142 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 142 22 99 99 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 142 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 142 24 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 143 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 143 2 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 143 3 CFTR CFTR NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 143 4 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 143 5 also also RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 143 6 affected affect VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 143 7 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 143 8 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 143 9 airways airway NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 143 10 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 143 11 smokers smoker NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 143 12 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 143 13 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 143 14 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 143 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 143 16 100 100 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 143 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 143 18 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 144 1 In in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 144 2 summary summary NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 144 3 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 144 4 these these DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 144 5 studies study NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 144 6 indicate indicate VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 144 7 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 144 8 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 144 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 145 1 2 2 LS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 145 2 D D NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 145 3 promotes promote VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 145 4 both both CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 145 5 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 145 6 integrity integrity NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 145 7 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 145 8 function function NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 145 9 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 145 10 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 145 11 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 145 12 barrier barrier NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 145 13 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 145 14 might may MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 145 15 additionally additionally RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 145 16 protect protect VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 145 17 against against IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 145 18 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 145 19 damage damage NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 145 20 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 145 21 dampening dampen VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 145 22 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 145 23 responses response NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 145 24 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 146 1 The the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 146 2 loss loss NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 146 3 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 146 4 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 146 5 barrier barrier NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 146 6 function function NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 146 7 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 146 8 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 146 9 decrease decrease NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 146 10 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 146 11 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 146 12 polarization polarization NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 146 13 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 146 14 cell cell NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 146 15 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 146 16 junction junction NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 146 17 proteins protein NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 146 18 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 146 19 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 146 20 gain gain NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 146 21 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 146 22 expression expression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 146 23 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 146 24 mesenchymal mesenchymal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 146 25 markers marker NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 146 26 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 146 27 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 146 28 hallmark hallmark NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 146 29 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 146 30 EMT EMT NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 146 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 146 32 94 94 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 146 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 146 34 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 147 1 EMT EMT NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 147 2 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 147 3 primarily primarily RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 147 4 involved involve VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 147 5 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 147 6 development development NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 147 7 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 147 8 wound wound VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 147 9 healing healing NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 147 10 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 147 11 stem stem NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 147 12 cell cell NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 147 13 differentiation differentiation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 147 14 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 147 15 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 147 16 TGF TGF NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 147 17 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 147 18 β β NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 147 19 signaling signaling NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 147 20 plays play VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 147 21 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 147 22 major major JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 147 23 role role NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 147 24 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 147 25 this this DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 147 26 process process NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 147 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 147 28 101 101 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 147 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 147 30 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 148 1 Elevated elevated JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 148 2 TGF TGF NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 148 3 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 148 4 β1 β1 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 148 5 levels level NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 148 6 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 148 7 found find VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 148 8 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 148 9 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 148 10 lungs lung NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 148 11 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 148 12 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 148 13 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 148 14 chronic chronic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 148 15 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 148 16 lung lung NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 148 17 diseases disease NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 148 18 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 148 19 this this DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 148 20 was be VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 148 21 associated associate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 148 22 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 148 23 cigarette cigarette NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 148 24 smoking smoking NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 148 25 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 148 26 inflammation inflammation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 148 27 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 148 28 fibrosis fibrosis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 148 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 148 30 80 80 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 148 31 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 148 32 102 102 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 148 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 148 34 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 149 1 There there EX cord-321401-w4ne60fn 149 2 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 149 3 indications indication NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 149 4 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 149 5 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 149 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 149 7 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 149 8 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 149 9 counteracts counteract VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 149 10 various various JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 149 11 pathways pathway NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 149 12 leading lead VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 149 13 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 149 14 EMT EMT NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 149 15 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 150 1 In in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 150 2 mouse mouse NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 150 3 models model NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 150 4 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 150 5 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 150 6 airway airway JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 150 7 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 150 8 cell cell NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 150 9 lines line NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 150 10 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 150 11 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 150 12 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 150 13 supplementation supplementation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 150 14 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 150 15 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 150 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 150 17 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 150 18 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 150 19 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 150 20 respectively respectively RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 150 21 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 150 22 has have VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 150 23 been be VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 150 24 shown show VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 150 25 to to TO cord-321401-w4ne60fn 150 26 inhibit inhibit VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 150 27 EMT EMT NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 150 28 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 150 29 fibrosis fibrosis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 150 30 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 150 31 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 150 32 particular particular JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 150 33 when when WRB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 150 34 this this DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 150 35 process process NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 150 36 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 150 37 induced induce VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 150 38 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 150 39 TGF TGF NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 150 40 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 150 41 β1 β1 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 150 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 150 43 88 88 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 150 44 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 150 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 150 46 103 103 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 150 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 150 48 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 150 49 104 104 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 150 50 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 150 51 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 150 52 105 105 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 150 53 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 150 54 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 150 55 106 106 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 150 56 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 150 57 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 151 1 In in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 151 2 addition addition NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 151 3 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 151 4 maintenance maintenance NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 151 5 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 151 6 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 151 7 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 151 8 barrier barrier NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 151 9 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 151 10 inhibition inhibition NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 151 11 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 151 12 fibrosis fibrosis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 151 13 as as IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 151 14 discussed discuss VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 151 15 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 151 16 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 151 17 previous previous JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 151 18 paragraphs paragraph NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 151 19 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 151 20 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 151 21 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 151 22 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 151 23 also also RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 151 24 actively actively RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 151 25 involved involve VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 151 26 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 151 27 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 151 28 host host NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 151 29 defense defense NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 151 30 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 151 31 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 151 32 variety variety NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 151 33 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 151 34 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 151 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 151 36 3 3 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 151 37 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 151 38 29 29 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 151 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 151 40 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 152 1 1,25(OH 1,25(oh LS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 152 2 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 153 1 2 2 LS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 153 2 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 153 3 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 153 4 an an DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 153 5 important important JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 153 6 inducer inducer NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 153 7 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 153 8 AMPs amp NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 153 9 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 153 10 which which WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 153 11 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 153 12 mostly mostly RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 153 13 cationic cationic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 153 14 peptides peptide NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 153 15 that that WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 153 16 have have VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 153 17 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 153 18 broad broad JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 153 19 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 153 20 spectrum spectrum NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 153 21 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 153 22 activity activity NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 153 23 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 153 24 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 153 25 ability ability NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 153 26 to to TO cord-321401-w4ne60fn 153 27 modulate modulate VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 153 28 immune immune JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 153 29 responses response NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 153 30 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 153 31 to to TO cord-321401-w4ne60fn 153 32 promote promote VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 153 33 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 153 34 wound wound NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 153 35 repair repair NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 153 36 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 153 37 angiogenesis angiogenesis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 153 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 153 39 107 107 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 153 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 153 41 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 154 1 hCAP18 hCAP18 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 154 2 / / SYM cord-321401-w4ne60fn 154 3 LL-37 LL-37 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 154 4 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 154 5 likely likely JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 154 6 to to TO cord-321401-w4ne60fn 154 7 be be VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 154 8 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 154 9 most most RBS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 154 10 prominent prominent JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 154 11 AMP amp NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 154 12 that that WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 154 13 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 154 14 induced induce VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 154 15 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 154 16 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 154 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 154 18 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 154 19 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 154 20 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 154 21 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 154 22 expressed express VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 154 23 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 154 24 several several JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 154 25 types type NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 154 26 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 154 27 mucosal mucosal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 154 28 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 154 29 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 154 30 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 154 31 immune immune JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 154 32 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 154 33 such such JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 154 34 as as IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 154 35 monocytes monocyte NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 154 36 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 154 37 neutrophils neutrophil NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 154 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 154 39 38 38 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 154 40 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 154 41 77 77 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 154 42 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 154 43 108 108 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 154 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 154 45 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 155 1 In in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 155 2 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 155 3 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 155 4 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 155 5 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 155 6 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 155 7 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 155 8 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 155 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 155 10 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 155 11 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 155 12 also also RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 155 13 increases increase VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 155 14 expression expression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 155 15 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 155 16 human human JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 155 17 β β NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 155 18 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 155 19 defensin-2 defensin-2 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 155 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 155 21 hBD-2 hBD-2 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 155 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 155 23 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 155 24 whereas whereas IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 155 25 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 155 26 keratinocytes keratinocyte NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 155 27 expression expression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 155 28 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 155 29 both both CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 155 30 hBD-2 hbd-2 JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 155 31 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 155 32 human human JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 155 33 β β NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 155 34 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 155 35 defensin-3 defensin-3 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 155 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 155 37 hBD-3 hbd-3 NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 155 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 155 39 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 155 40 increased increase VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 155 41 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 155 42 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 155 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 155 44 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 155 45 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 155 46 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 155 47 109 109 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 155 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 155 49 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 155 50 110 110 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 155 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 155 52 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 155 53 111 111 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 155 54 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 155 55 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 155 56 112 112 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 155 57 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 155 58 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 156 1 Collectively collectively RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 156 2 these these DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 156 3 data datum NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 156 4 show show VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 156 5 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 156 6 AMPs amp NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 156 7 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 156 8 modulated modulate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 156 9 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 156 10 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 156 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 156 12 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 156 13 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 156 14 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 156 15 mucosal mucosal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 156 16 tissues tissue NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 156 17 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 156 18 which which WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 156 19 could could MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 156 20 have have VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 156 21 impact impact NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 156 22 on on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 156 23 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 156 24 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 156 25 both both DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 156 26 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 156 27 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 156 28 viral viral JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 156 29 infections infection NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 156 30 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 156 31 on on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 156 32 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 156 33 composition composition NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 156 34 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 156 35 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 156 36 microbiota microbiota NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 156 37 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 156 38 which which WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 156 39 will will MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 156 40 be be VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 156 41 discussed discuss VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 156 42 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 156 43 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 156 44 next next JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 156 45 section section NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 156 46 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 157 1 Diseases disease NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 157 2 such such JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 157 3 as as IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 157 4 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 157 5 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 157 6 asthma asthma NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 157 7 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 157 8 characterized characterize VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 157 9 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 157 10 chronic chronic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 157 11 inflammation inflammation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 157 12 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 157 13 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 157 14 low low JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 157 15 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 157 16 grade grade NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 157 17 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 157 18 prolonged prolonged JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 157 19 inflammation inflammation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 157 20 that that WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 157 21 may may MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 157 22 result result VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 157 23 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 157 24 destruction destruction NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 157 25 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 157 26 aberrant aberrant JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 157 27 repair repair NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 157 28 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 157 29 surrounding surround VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 157 30 tissue tissue NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 157 31 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 157 32 growth growth NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 157 33 factors factor NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 157 34 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 157 35 proteases protease NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 157 36 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 157 37 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 157 38 that that WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 157 39 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 157 40 released release VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 157 41 at at IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 157 42 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 157 43 site site NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 157 44 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 157 45 inflammation inflammation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 157 46 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 157 47 113 113 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 157 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 157 49 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 157 50 114 114 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 157 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 157 52 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 157 53 115 115 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 157 54 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 157 55 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 158 1 Cumulative cumulative JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 158 2 data datum NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 158 3 suggest suggest VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 158 4 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 158 5 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 158 6 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 158 7 exerts exert VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 158 8 anti anti JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 158 9 - - JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 158 10 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 158 11 effects effect NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 158 12 via via IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 158 13 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 158 14 actions action NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 158 15 on on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 158 16 both both DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 158 17 innate innate JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 158 18 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 158 19 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 158 20 immune immune JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 158 21 responses response NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 158 22 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 159 1 Upon upon IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 159 2 viral viral JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 159 3 infection infection NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 159 4 or or CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 159 5 exposure exposure NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 159 6 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 159 7 pro pro JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 159 8 - - JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 159 9 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 159 10 stimuli stimulus NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 159 11 such such JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 159 12 as as IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 159 13 Poly(I Poly(I NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 159 14 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 159 15 C C NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 159 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 159 17 or or CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 159 18 PM PM NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 159 19 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 159 20 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 159 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 160 1 2 2 LS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 160 2 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 160 3 attenuates attenuate VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 160 4 induced induce VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 160 5 expression expression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 160 6 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 160 7 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 160 8 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 160 9 chemokines chemokine NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 161 1 e.g. e.g. RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 161 2 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 161 3 via via IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 161 4 inhibition inhibition NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 161 5 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 161 6 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 161 7 factor factor NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 161 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 161 9 NF)-κB nf)-κb JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 161 10 or or CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 161 11 oxidative oxidative JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 161 12 stress stress NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 161 13 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 161 14 respectively respectively RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 161 15 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 161 16 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 161 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 161 18 airway airway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 161 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 161 20 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 161 21 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 161 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 161 23 38 38 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 161 24 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 161 25 59 59 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 161 26 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 161 27 116 116 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 161 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 161 29 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 162 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 162 2 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 162 3 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 162 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 162 5 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 162 6 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 162 7 increases increase VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 162 8 expression expression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 162 9 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 162 10 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 162 11 soluble soluble JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 162 12 decoy decoy NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 162 13 receptor receptor NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 162 14 for for IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 162 15 IL-33 IL-33 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 163 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 163 2 sST2 sST2 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 163 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 163 4 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 163 5 airway airway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 163 6 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 163 7 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 163 8 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 163 9 which which WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 163 10 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 163 11 turn turn NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 163 12 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 163 13 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 163 14 actions action NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 163 15 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 163 16 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 163 17 type type NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 163 18 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 163 19 alarmin alarmin NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 163 20 IL-33 IL-33 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 163 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 163 22 117 117 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 163 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 163 24 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 164 1 Taken take VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 164 2 together together RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 164 3 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 164 4 these these DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 164 5 findings finding NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 164 6 suggest suggest VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 164 7 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 164 8 on on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 164 9 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 164 10 one one CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 164 11 hand hand NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 164 12 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 164 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 164 14 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 164 15 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 164 16 protects protect VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 164 17 against against IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 164 18 infections infection NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 164 19 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 164 20 enhancing enhance VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 164 21 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 164 22 barrier barrier NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 164 23 function function NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 164 24 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 164 25 production production NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 164 26 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 164 27 AMPs amp NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 164 28 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 164 29 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 164 30 on on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 164 31 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 164 32 other other JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 164 33 hand hand NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 164 34 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 164 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 164 36 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 164 37 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 164 38 induces induce VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 164 39 tolerance tolerance NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 164 40 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 164 41 dampens dampen VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 164 42 proinflammatory proinflammatory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 164 43 responses response NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 164 44 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 164 45 various various JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 164 46 cell cell NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 164 47 types type NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 164 48 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 164 49 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 164 50 airway airway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 164 51 mucosa mucosa NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 164 52 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 165 1 Thereby thereby RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 165 2 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 165 3 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 165 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 165 5 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 165 6 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 165 7 may may MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 165 8 prevent prevent VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 165 9 exaggerated exaggerated JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 165 10 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 165 11 responses response NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 165 12 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 165 13 further further JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 165 14 damage damage NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 165 15 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 165 16 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 165 17 mucosal mucosal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 165 18 tissue tissue NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 165 19 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 165 20 qualities quality NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 165 21 that that WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 165 22 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 165 23 very very RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 165 24 relevant relevant JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 165 25 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 165 26 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 165 27 context context NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 165 28 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 165 29 chronic chronic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 165 30 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 165 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 165 32 lung lung NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 165 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 165 34 diseases disease NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 165 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 165 36 Figure figure NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 165 37 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 165 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 165 39 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 166 1 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 166 2 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 166 3 considered consider VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 166 4 to to TO cord-321401-w4ne60fn 166 5 be be VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 166 6 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 166 7 disease disease NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 166 8 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 166 9 accelerated accelerated JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 166 10 aging age VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 166 11 lungs lung NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 166 12 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 166 13 underscored underscore VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 166 14 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 166 15 markers marker NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 166 16 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 166 17 aging age VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 166 18 being be VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 166 19 increased increase VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 166 20 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 166 21 these these DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 166 22 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 166 23 partly partly RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 166 24 as as IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 166 25 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 166 26 result result NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 166 27 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 166 28 oxidative oxidative JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 166 29 stress stress NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 166 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 166 31 120 120 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 166 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 166 33 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 167 1 Evidence evidence NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 167 2 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 167 3 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 167 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 167 5 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 167 6 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 167 7 may may MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 167 8 protect protect VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 167 9 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 167 10 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 167 11 from from IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 167 12 oxidative oxidative JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 167 13 stress stress NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 167 14 was be VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 167 15 provided provide VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 167 16 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 167 17 Pfeffer Pfeffer NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 167 18 et et NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 167 19 al al NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 167 20 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 168 1 who who WP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 168 2 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 168 3 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 168 4 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 168 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 168 6 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 168 7 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 168 8 increased increase VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 168 9 expression expression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 168 10 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 168 11 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 168 12 antioxidant antioxidant JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 168 13 gene gene NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 168 14 G6PD G6PD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 168 15 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 168 16 airway airway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 168 17 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 168 18 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 168 19 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 169 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 169 2 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 169 3 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 169 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 169 5 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 169 6 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 169 7 increased increase VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 169 8 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 169 9 ratio ratio NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 169 10 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 169 11 reduced reduce VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 169 12 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 169 13 oxidized oxidize VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 169 14 glutathione glutathione NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 169 15 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 169 16 decreased decrease VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 169 17 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 169 18 formation formation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 169 19 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 169 20 8-isoprostane 8-isoprostane CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 169 21 after after IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 169 22 exposure exposure NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 169 23 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 169 24 PM pm NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 169 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 169 26 59 59 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 169 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 169 28 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 170 1 The the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 170 2 induction induction NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 170 3 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 170 4 klotho klotho NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 170 5 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 170 6 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 170 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 170 8 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 170 9 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 170 10 might may MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 170 11 be be VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 170 12 another another DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 170 13 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 170 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 170 15 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 170 16 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 170 17 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 170 18 mediated mediate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 170 19 anti anti JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 170 20 - - JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 170 21 aging aging JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 170 22 mechanism mechanism NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 170 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 170 24 121 121 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 170 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 170 26 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 171 1 Klotho Klotho NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 171 2 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 171 3 an an DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 171 4 anti anti JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 171 5 - - JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 171 6 aging aging JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 171 7 protein protein NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 171 8 that that WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 171 9 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 171 10 mainly mainly RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 171 11 expressed express VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 171 12 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 171 13 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 171 14 kidney kidney NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 171 15 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 171 16 brain brain NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 171 17 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 171 18 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 171 19 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 171 20 lung lung NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 171 21 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 171 22 airway airway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 171 23 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 171 24 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 171 25 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 171 26 exerts exert VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 171 27 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 171 28 protective protective JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 171 29 effects effect NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 171 30 through through IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 171 31 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 171 32 inhibition inhibition NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 171 33 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 171 34 inflammation inflammation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 171 35 , , . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 172 1 insulin insulin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 172 2 / / SYM cord-321401-w4ne60fn 172 3 IGF-1 IGF-1 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 172 4 signaling signal VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 172 5 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 172 6 activation activation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 172 7 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 172 8 forkhead forkhead NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 172 9 transcription transcription NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 172 10 factor factor NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 172 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 172 12 FoxO foxo NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 172 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 172 14 signaling signaling NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 172 15 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 172 16 which which WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 172 17 enables enable VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 172 18 removal removal NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 172 19 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 172 20 reactive reactive JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 172 21 oxygen oxygen NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 172 22 species specie NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 172 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 172 24 ROS ROS NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 172 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 172 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 172 27 122 122 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 172 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 172 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 172 30 123 123 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 172 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 172 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 172 33 124 124 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 172 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 172 35 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 173 1 Expression expression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 173 2 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 173 3 klotho klotho NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 173 4 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 173 5 impaired impair VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 173 6 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 173 7 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 173 8 airways airway NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 173 9 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 173 10 smokers smoker NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 173 11 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 173 12 further further RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 173 13 decreased decrease VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 173 14 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 173 15 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 173 16 airways airway NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 173 17 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 173 18 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 173 19 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 173 20 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 173 21 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 173 22 cultures culture NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 173 23 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 173 24 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 173 25 bronchial bronchial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 173 26 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 173 27 cell cell NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 173 28 line line NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 173 29 16HBE 16hbe CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 173 30 after after IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 173 31 CSE CSE NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 173 32 exposure exposure NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 173 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 173 34 124 124 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 173 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 173 36 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 174 1 These these DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 174 2 studies study NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 174 3 suggest suggest VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 174 4 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 174 5 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 174 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 174 7 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 174 8 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 174 9 may may MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 174 10 protect protect VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 174 11 against against IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 174 12 aging age VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 174 13 via via IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 174 14 inhibition inhibition NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 174 15 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 174 16 oxidative oxidative JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 174 17 stress stress NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 174 18 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 174 19 possibly possibly RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 174 20 via via IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 174 21 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 174 22 ability ability NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 174 23 to to TO cord-321401-w4ne60fn 174 24 restore restore VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 174 25 klotho klotho NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 174 26 expression expression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 174 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 174 28 Figure figure NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 174 29 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 174 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 174 31 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 175 1 However however RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 175 2 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 175 3 direct direct JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 175 4 evidence evidence NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 175 5 showing show VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 175 6 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 175 7 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 175 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 175 9 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 175 10 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 175 11 indeed indeed RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 175 12 increases increase VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 175 13 expression expression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 175 14 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 175 15 klotho klotho NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 175 16 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 175 17 airway airway JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 175 18 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 175 19 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 175 20 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 175 21 currently currently RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 175 22 lacking lack VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 175 23 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 176 1 In in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 176 2 addition addition NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 176 3 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 176 4 providing provide VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 176 5 protection protection NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 176 6 against against IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 176 7 oxidative oxidative JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 176 8 stress stress NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 176 9 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 176 10 aging aging NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 176 11 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 176 12 data datum NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 176 13 from from IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 176 14 studies study NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 176 15 using use VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 176 16 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 176 17 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 176 18 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 176 19 suggest suggest VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 176 20 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 176 21 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 176 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 176 23 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 176 24 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 176 25 may may MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 176 26 also also RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 176 27 promote promote VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 176 28 cellular cellular JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 176 29 survival survival NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 176 30 via via IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 176 31 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 176 32 induction induction NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 176 33 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 176 34 autophagy autophagy NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 176 35 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 176 36 reduction reduction NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 176 37 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 176 38 apoptosis apoptosis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 176 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 176 40 125 125 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 176 41 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 176 42 126 126 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 176 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 176 44 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 177 1 In in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 177 2 chronic chronic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 177 3 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 177 4 lung lung NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 177 5 diseases disease NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 177 6 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 177 7 aberrant aberrant JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 177 8 activation activation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 177 9 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 177 10 autophagy autophagy NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 177 11 plays play VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 177 12 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 177 13 role role NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 177 14 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 177 15 disease disease NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 177 16 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 177 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 177 18 127 127 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 177 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 177 20 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 178 1 A a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 178 2 recent recent JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 178 3 study study NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 178 4 showed show VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 178 5 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 178 6 club club NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 178 7 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 178 8 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 178 9 autophagy autophagy NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 178 10 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 178 11 related relate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 178 12 proteins protein NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 178 13 were be VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 178 14 both both DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 178 15 decreased decrease VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 178 16 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 178 17 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 178 18 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 178 19 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 178 20 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 178 21 these these DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 178 22 proteins protein NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 178 23 were be VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 178 24 important important JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 178 25 for for IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 178 26 club club NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 178 27 cell cell NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 178 28 structure structure NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 178 29 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 178 30 function function NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 178 31 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 178 32 airways airways NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 178 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 178 34 128 128 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 178 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 178 36 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 179 1 However however RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 179 2 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 179 3 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 179 4 effects effect NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 179 5 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 179 6 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 179 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 179 8 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 179 9 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 179 10 on on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 179 11 autophagy autophagy NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 179 12 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 179 13 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 179 14 airway airway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 179 15 mucosa mucosa NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 179 16 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 179 17 chronic chronic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 179 18 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 179 19 lung lung NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 179 20 diseases disease NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 179 21 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 179 22 still still RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 179 23 unclear unclear JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 179 24 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 179 25 need need VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 179 26 to to TO cord-321401-w4ne60fn 179 27 be be VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 179 28 further further RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 179 29 evaluated evaluate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 179 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 179 31 127 127 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 179 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 179 33 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 180 1 Clearly clearly RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 180 2 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 180 3 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 180 4 has have VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 180 5 pivotal pivotal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 180 6 actions action NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 180 7 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 180 8 host host NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 180 9 defense defense NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 180 10 that that WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 180 11 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 180 12 relevant relevant JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 180 13 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 180 14 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 180 15 context context NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 180 16 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 180 17 chronic chronic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 180 18 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 180 19 lung lung NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 180 20 diseases disease NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 180 21 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 180 22 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 180 23 which which WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 180 24 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 180 25 D D NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 180 26 deficiency deficiency NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 180 27 may may MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 180 28 be be VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 180 29 prevalent prevalent JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 180 30 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 181 1 Strategies strategy NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 181 2 to to TO cord-321401-w4ne60fn 181 3 promote promote VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 181 4 local local JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 181 5 levels level NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 181 6 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 181 7 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 181 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 181 9 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 181 10 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 181 11 or or CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 181 12 use use VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 181 13 it -PRON- PRP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 181 14 as as IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 181 15 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 181 16 treatment treatment NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 181 17 itself -PRON- PRP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 181 18 could could MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 181 19 be be VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 181 20 therefore therefore RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 181 21 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 181 22 interest interest NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 181 23 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 182 1 Here here RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 182 2 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 182 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 182 4 will will MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 182 5 discuss discuss VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 182 6 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 182 7 latest late JJS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 182 8 clinical clinical JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 182 9 evidence evidence NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 182 10 accompanied accompany VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 182 11 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 182 12 functional functional JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 182 13 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 182 14 vitro vitro FW cord-321401-w4ne60fn 182 15 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 182 16 animal animal NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 182 17 studies study NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 182 18 that that WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 182 19 may may MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 182 20 explain explain VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 182 21 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 182 22 effects effect NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 182 23 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 182 24 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 182 25 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 182 26 supplementation supplementation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 182 27 on on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 182 28 typical typical JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 182 29 hallmarks hallmark NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 182 30 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 182 31 chronic chronic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 182 32 airway airway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 182 33 diseases disease NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 182 34 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 183 1 Currently currently RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 183 2 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 183 3 inhaled inhale VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 183 4 corticosteroid corticosteroid NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 183 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 183 6 ICS)-use ics)-use NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 183 7 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 183 8 or or CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 183 9 without without IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 183 10 long long JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 183 11 acting acting NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 183 12 bronchodilators bronchodilator NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 183 13 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 183 14 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 183 15 most most RBS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 183 16 frequently frequently RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 183 17 used use VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 183 18 treatment treatment NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 183 19 for for IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 183 20 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 183 21 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 183 22 asthma asthma NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 183 23 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 183 24 1 1 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 183 25 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 184 1 However however RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 184 2 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 184 3 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 184 4 response response NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 184 5 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 184 6 corticosteroids corticosteroid NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 184 7 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 184 8 not not RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 184 9 always always RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 184 10 effective effective JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 184 11 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 184 12 many many JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 184 13 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 184 14 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 184 15 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 184 16 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 184 17 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 184 18 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 184 19 steroid steroid NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 184 20 resistant resistant JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 184 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 184 22 SR)-asthma sr)-asthma CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 184 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 184 24 129 129 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 184 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 184 26 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 1 There there EX cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 2 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 3 several several JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 4 complex complex JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 5 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 6 that that WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 7 underlie underlie VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 8 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 9 resistance resistance NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 10 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 11 corticosteroids corticosteroid NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 12 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 13 both both CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 14 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 15 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 16 SR SR NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 17 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 18 asthma asthma NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 19 that that WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 20 include include VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 21 but but CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 22 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 23 not not RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 24 limited limit VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 25 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 26 genetic genetic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 27 background background NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 28 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 29 impaired impair VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 30 glucocorticoid glucocorticoid NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 31 receptor receptor NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 32 binding binding NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 33 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 34 T T NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 35 helper helper NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 36 type type NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 37 17 17 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 38 cell cell NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 40 Th17)-inflammation th17)-inflammation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 41 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 42 oxidative oxidative JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 43 stress stress NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 45 e.g. e.g. RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 46 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 47 from from IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 48 air air NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 49 pollution pollution NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 50 or or CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 51 smoking smoking NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 52 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 53 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 54 decreased decrease VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 55 numbers number NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 56 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 57 IL-10 IL-10 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 58 secreting secrete VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 59 regulator regulator NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 60 T T NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 61 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 62 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 63 Tregs Tregs NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 64 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 65 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 66 which which WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 67 normally normally RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 68 prevent prevent VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 69 skewing skew VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 70 toward toward IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 71 Th17-inflammation th17-inflammation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 72 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 73 129 129 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 74 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 185 75 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 186 1 Direct direct JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 186 2 evidence evidence NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 186 3 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 186 4 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 186 5 ability ability NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 186 6 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 186 7 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 186 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 186 9 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 186 10 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 186 11 to to TO cord-321401-w4ne60fn 186 12 reverse reverse VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 186 13 SR SR NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 186 14 was be VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 186 15 provided provide VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 186 16 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 186 17 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 186 18 study study NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 186 19 showing show VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 186 20 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 186 21 ex ex JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 186 22 - - JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 186 23 vivo vivo JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 186 24 stimulation stimulation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 186 25 1 1 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 186 26 https://goldcopd.org https://goldcopd.org ADD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 186 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 186 28 2019 2019 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 186 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 186 30 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 187 1 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 187 2 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 187 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 187 4 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 187 5 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 187 6 promoted promote VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 187 7 generation generation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 187 8 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 187 9 IL-10-secreting IL-10-secreting NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 187 10 Tregs Tregs NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 187 11 which which WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 187 12 restored restore VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 187 13 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 187 14 toward toward IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 187 15 corticosteroids corticosteroid NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 187 16 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 187 17 CD4 CD4 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 187 18 + + CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 187 19 T t NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 187 20 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 187 21 that that WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 187 22 were be VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 187 23 derived derive VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 187 24 from from IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 187 25 SR SR NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 187 26 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 187 27 asthma asthma NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 187 28 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 187 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 187 30 130 130 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 187 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 187 32 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 188 1 A a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 188 2 further further JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 188 3 potential potential JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 188 4 treatment treatment NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 188 5 role role NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 188 6 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 188 7 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 188 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 1 2 2 LS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 2 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 3 was be VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 4 elegantly elegantly RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 5 illustrated illustrate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 6 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 7 studies study NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 8 that that WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 9 showed show VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 10 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 11 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 12 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 13 deficiency deficiency NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 14 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 15 associated associate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 16 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 17 decreased decrease VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 18 steroid steroid NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 19 responsiveness responsiveness NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 20 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 21 asthmatics asthmatic NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 22 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 23 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 24 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 25 fact fact NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 26 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 27 several several JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 28 potential potential JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 29 underlying underlie VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 30 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 31 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 32 SR SR NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 33 such such JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 34 as as IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 35 oxidative oxidative JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 36 stress stress NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 37 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 38 Th17-mediated th17-mediated JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 39 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 40 responses response NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 41 could could MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 42 be be VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 43 reversed reverse VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 44 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 45 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 46 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 47 treatment treatment NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 48 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 49 59 59 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 50 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 51 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 52 131 131 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 53 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 54 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 55 132 132 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 56 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 57 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 58 133 133 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 59 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 60 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 61 134 134 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 62 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 63 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 64 135 135 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 65 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 66 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 67 136 136 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 68 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 189 69 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 190 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 190 2 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 190 3 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 190 4 corticosteroid corticosteroid NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 190 5 dexamethasone dexamethasone NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 190 6 was be VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 190 7 shown show VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 190 8 to to TO cord-321401-w4ne60fn 190 9 increase increase VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 190 10 expression expression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 190 11 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 190 12 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 190 13 25(OH)D 25(oh)d CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 190 14 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 190 15 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 190 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 191 1 2 2 LS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 191 2 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 191 3 degrading degrade VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 191 4 enzyme enzyme NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 191 5 CYP24A1 cyp24a1 NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 191 6 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 191 7 renal renal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 191 8 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 191 9 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 191 10 osteoblasts osteoblast NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 191 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 191 12 137 137 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 191 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 191 14 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 191 15 which which WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 191 16 suggests suggest VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 191 17 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 191 18 bidirectional bidirectional JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 191 19 interaction interaction NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 191 20 between between IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 191 21 corticosteroids corticosteroid NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 191 22 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 191 23 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 191 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 191 25 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 191 26 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 191 27 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 191 28 could could MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 191 29 further far RBR cord-321401-w4ne60fn 191 30 limit limit VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 191 31 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 191 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 191 33 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 191 34 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 191 35 levels level NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 191 36 for for IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 191 37 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 191 38 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 192 1 Additional additional JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 192 2 research research NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 192 3 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 192 4 needed need VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 192 5 to to TO cord-321401-w4ne60fn 192 6 determine determine VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 192 7 if if IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 192 8 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 192 9 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 192 10 may may MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 192 11 also also RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 192 12 improve improve VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 192 13 corticosteroid corticosteroid NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 192 14 responsiveness responsiveness NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 192 15 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 192 16 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 192 17 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 193 1 Exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 193 2 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 193 3 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 193 4 major major JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 193 5 burden burden NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 193 6 for for IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 193 7 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 193 8 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 193 9 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 193 10 they -PRON- PRP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 193 11 accelerate accelerate VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 193 12 decline decline NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 193 13 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 193 14 lung lung NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 193 15 function function NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 193 16 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 193 17 frequently frequently RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 193 18 result result VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 193 19 into into IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 193 20 hospital hospital NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 193 21 admissions admission NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 193 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 193 23 138 138 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 193 24 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 193 25 139 139 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 193 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 193 27 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 194 1 Exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 194 2 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 194 3 often often RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 194 4 triggered trigger VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 194 5 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 194 6 pollutants pollutant NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 194 7 or or CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 194 8 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 194 9 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 194 10 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 194 11 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 194 12 / / SYM cord-321401-w4ne60fn 194 13 or or CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 194 14 viral viral JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 194 15 infections infection NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 194 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 194 17 82 82 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 194 18 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 194 19 140 140 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 194 20 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 194 21 141 141 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 194 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 194 23 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 195 1 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 195 2 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 195 3 generally generally RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 195 4 have have VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 195 5 lower low JJR cord-321401-w4ne60fn 195 6 serum serum NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 195 7 25(OH)D 25(oh)d CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 195 8 levels level NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 195 9 than than IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 195 10 age age NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 195 11 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 195 12 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 195 13 smoking smoking NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 195 14 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 195 15 matched match VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 195 16 controls control NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 195 17 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 195 18 which which WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 195 19 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 195 20 associated associate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 195 21 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 195 22 more more JJR cord-321401-w4ne60fn 195 23 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 195 24 more more RBR cord-321401-w4ne60fn 195 25 severe severe JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 195 26 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 195 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 195 28 8 8 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 195 29 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 195 30 10 10 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 195 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 195 32 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 196 1 Several several JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 196 2 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 196 3 vivo vivo NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 196 4 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 196 5 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 196 6 vitro vitro FW cord-321401-w4ne60fn 196 7 studies study NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 196 8 have have VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 196 9 provided provide VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 196 10 evidence evidence NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 196 11 that that WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 196 12 explain explain VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 196 13 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 196 14 protective protective JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 196 15 effects effect NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 196 16 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 196 17 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 196 18 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 196 19 on on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 196 20 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 196 21 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 196 22 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 196 23 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 196 24 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 196 25 this this DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 196 26 will will MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 196 27 be be VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 196 28 discussed discuss VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 196 29 accordingly accordingly RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 196 30 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 197 1 First first RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 197 2 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 197 3 all all DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 197 4 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 197 5 Pfeffer Pfeffer NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 197 6 et et NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 197 7 al al NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 197 8 . . NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 197 9 showed show VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 197 10 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 197 11 25(OH)D 25(oh)d CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 197 12 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 197 13 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 197 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 197 15 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 197 16 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 197 17 reduce reduce VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 197 18 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 197 19 production production NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 197 20 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 197 21 proinflammatory proinflammatory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 197 22 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 197 23 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 197 24 part part NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 197 25 via via IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 197 26 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 197 27 ability ability NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 197 28 to to TO cord-321401-w4ne60fn 197 29 enhance enhance VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 197 30 antioxidant antioxidant JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 197 31 responses response NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 197 32 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 197 33 airway airway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 197 34 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 197 35 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 197 36 that that WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 197 37 were be VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 197 38 exposed expose VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 197 39 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 197 40 PM pm NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 197 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 197 42 59 59 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 197 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 197 44 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 198 1 This this DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 198 2 was be VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 198 3 also also RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 198 4 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 198 5 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 198 6 human human JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 198 7 DCs dc NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 198 8 that that WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 198 9 were be VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 198 10 matured mature VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 198 11 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 198 12 presence presence NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 198 13 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 198 14 PM PM NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 198 15 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 198 16 where where WRB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 198 17 treatment treatment NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 198 18 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 198 19 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 198 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 198 21 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 198 22 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 198 23 counteracted counteract VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 198 24 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 198 25 expansion expansion NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 198 26 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 198 27 proinflammatory proinflammatory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 198 28 IL-17A il-17a NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 198 29 + + CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 198 30 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 198 31 IFN IFN NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 198 32 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 198 33 γ γ NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 198 34 + + CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 198 35 Th17.1 th17.1 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 198 36 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 198 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 198 38 134 134 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 198 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 198 40 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 199 1 In in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 199 2 line line NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 199 3 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 199 4 this this DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 199 5 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 199 6 Bolcas Bolcas NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 199 7 et et NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 199 8 al al NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 199 9 . . NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 199 10 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 199 11 showed show VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 199 12 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 199 13 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 199 14 D D NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 199 15 supplementation supplementation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 199 16 counteracted counteract VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 199 17 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 199 18 development development NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 199 19 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 199 20 airway airway NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 199 21 hyperresponsiveness hyperresponsiveness NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 199 22 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 199 23 accumulation accumulation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 199 24 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 199 25 Th2 Th2 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 199 26 / / SYM cord-321401-w4ne60fn 199 27 Th17 Th17 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 199 28 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 199 29 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 199 30 mice mouse NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 199 31 that that WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 199 32 had have VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 199 33 been be VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 199 34 repeatedly repeatedly RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 199 35 exposed expose VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 199 36 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 199 37 both both DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 199 38 diesel diesel NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 199 39 exhaust exhaust NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 199 40 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 199 41 house house NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 199 42 dust dust NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 199 43 mite mite NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 199 44 allergens allergens NNPS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 199 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 199 46 142 142 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 199 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 199 48 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 200 1 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 200 2 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 200 3 could could MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 200 4 therefore therefore RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 200 5 exert exert VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 200 6 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 200 7 protective protective JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 200 8 role role NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 200 9 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 200 10 air air NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 200 11 pollution pollution NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 200 12 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 200 13 triggered trigger VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 200 14 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 200 15 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 201 1 In in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 201 2 addition addition NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 201 3 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 201 4 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 201 5 protective protective JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 201 6 effects effect NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 201 7 against against IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 201 8 pollutants pollutant NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 201 9 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 201 10 there there EX cord-321401-w4ne60fn 201 11 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 201 12 also also RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 201 13 increasing increase VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 201 14 evidence evidence NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 201 15 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 201 16 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 201 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 201 18 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 201 19 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 201 20 may may MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 201 21 enhance enhance VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 201 22 clearance clearance NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 201 23 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 201 24 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 201 25 viral viral JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 201 26 infections infection NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 201 27 that that WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 201 28 account account VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 201 29 for for IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 201 30 30 30 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 201 31 - - SYM cord-321401-w4ne60fn 201 32 50 50 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 201 33 % % NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 201 34 as as IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 201 35 underlying underlying JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 201 36 cause cause NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 201 37 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 201 38 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 201 39 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 201 40 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 201 41 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 201 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 201 43 143 143 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 201 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 201 45 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 202 1 Infections infection NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 202 2 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 202 3 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 202 4 viruses virus NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 202 5 such such JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 202 6 as as IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 202 7 HRV HRV NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 202 8 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 202 9 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 202 10 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 202 11 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 202 12 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 202 13 lesser less JJR cord-321401-w4ne60fn 202 14 extend extend VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 202 15 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 202 16 syncytial syncytial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 202 17 virus virus NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 202 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 202 19 RSV RSV NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 202 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 202 21 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 202 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 202 23 para)influenza para)influenza NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 202 24 virus virus NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 202 25 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 202 26 present present JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 202 27 during during IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 202 28 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 202 29 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 202 30 may may MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 202 31 predispose predispose VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 202 32 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 202 33 host host NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 202 34 toward toward IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 202 35 secondary secondary JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 202 36 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 202 37 infections infection NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 202 38 that that WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 202 39 can can MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 202 40 eventually eventually RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 202 41 lead lead VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 202 42 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 202 43 uncontrolled uncontrolled JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 202 44 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 202 45 outgrowth outgrowth NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 202 46 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 202 47 more more RBR cord-321401-w4ne60fn 202 48 severe severe JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 202 49 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 202 50 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 202 51 neutrophilic neutrophilic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 202 52 inflammation inflammation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 202 53 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 202 54 143 143 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 202 55 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 202 56 144 144 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 202 57 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 202 58 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 203 1 Two two CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 203 2 recent recent JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 203 3 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 203 4 vitro vitro FW cord-321401-w4ne60fn 203 5 studies study NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 203 6 showed show VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 203 7 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 203 8 acute acute JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 203 9 exposure exposure NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 203 10 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 203 11 relatively relatively RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 203 12 high high JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 203 13 doses dose NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 203 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 203 15 100 100 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 203 16 - - SYM cord-321401-w4ne60fn 203 17 1000 1000 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 203 18 nM nM NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 203 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 203 20 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 203 21 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 203 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 203 23 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 203 24 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 203 25 reduced reduce VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 203 26 HRV HRV NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 203 27 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 203 28 infection infection NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 203 29 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 203 30 undifferentiated undifferentiated JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 203 31 cultures culture NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 203 32 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 203 33 airway airway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 203 34 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 203 35 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 203 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 203 37 58 58 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 203 38 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 203 39 145 145 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 203 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 203 41 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 204 1 In in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 204 2 those those DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 204 3 models model NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 204 4 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 204 5 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 204 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 204 7 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 204 8 D D NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 204 9 most most RBS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 204 10 likely likely RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 204 11 interfered interfere VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 204 12 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 204 13 viral viral JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 204 14 replication replication NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 204 15 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 204 16 increasing increase VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 204 17 expression expression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 204 18 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 204 19 interferon interferon NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 204 20 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 204 21 stimulated stimulate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 204 22 genes gene NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 204 23 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 204 24 expression expression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 204 25 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 204 26 hCAP18 hCAP18 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 204 27 / / SYM cord-321401-w4ne60fn 204 28 LL-37 LL-37 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 204 29 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 204 30 which which WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 204 31 has have VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 204 32 been be VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 204 33 shown show VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 204 34 to to TO cord-321401-w4ne60fn 204 35 have have VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 204 36 direct direct JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 204 37 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 204 38 activity activity NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 204 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 204 40 58 58 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 204 41 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 204 42 145 145 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 204 43 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 204 44 146 146 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 204 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 204 46 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 205 1 In in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 205 2 fully fully RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 205 3 differentiated differentiate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 205 4 airway airway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 205 5 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 205 6 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 205 7 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 205 8 treatment treatment NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 205 9 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 205 10 lower low JJR cord-321401-w4ne60fn 205 11 concentrations concentration NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 205 12 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 205 13 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 205 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 205 15 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 205 16 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 205 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 205 18 10 10 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 205 19 nM nm NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 205 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 205 21 during during IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 205 22 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 205 23 differentiation differentiation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 205 24 had have VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 205 25 no no DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 205 26 effect effect NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 205 27 on on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 205 28 acute acute JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 205 29 HRV HRV NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 205 30 infection infection NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 205 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 205 32 147 147 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 205 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 205 34 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 206 1 As as IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 206 2 for for IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 206 3 other other JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 206 4 viruses virus NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 206 5 than than IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 206 6 HRV HRV NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 206 7 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 206 8 both both DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 206 9 Hansdottir Hansdottir NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 206 10 et et NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 206 11 al al NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 206 12 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 207 1 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 207 2 Telcian Telcian NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 207 3 et et NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 207 4 al al NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 207 5 . . NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 207 6 showed show VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 207 7 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 207 8 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 207 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 207 10 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 207 11 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 207 12 did do VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 207 13 not not RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 207 14 decrease decrease VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 207 15 RSV RSV NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 207 16 infection infection NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 207 17 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 207 18 airway airway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 207 19 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 207 20 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 207 21 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 207 22 but but CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 207 23 did do VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 207 24 reduce reduce VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 207 25 virus virus NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 207 26 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 207 27 induced induce VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 207 28 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 207 29 responses response NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 207 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 207 31 58 58 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 207 32 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 207 33 116 116 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 207 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 207 35 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 208 1 In in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 208 2 addition addition NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 208 3 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 208 4 two two CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 208 5 other other JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 208 6 studies study NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 208 7 reported report VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 208 8 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 208 9 influenza influenza NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 208 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 208 11 H9N2 H9N2 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 208 12 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 208 13 H1N1)-infected H1N1)-infected NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 208 14 A549 A549 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 208 15 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 208 16 comparable comparable JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 208 17 findings finding NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 208 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 208 19 148 148 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 208 20 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 208 21 149 149 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 208 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 208 23 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 209 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 209 2 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 209 3 inhibitory inhibitory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 209 4 effects effect NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 209 5 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 209 6 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 209 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 209 8 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 209 9 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 209 10 on on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 209 11 poly(I poly(I NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 209 12 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 209 13 C)-induced c)-induced JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 209 14 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 209 15 responses response NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 209 16 were be VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 209 17 furthermore furthermore RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 209 18 confirmed confirm VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 209 19 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 209 20 primary primary JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 209 21 airway airway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 209 22 epithelial epithelial NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 209 23 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 209 24 Hansdottir Hansdottir NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 209 25 et et NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 209 26 al al NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 209 27 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 210 1 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 210 2 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 210 3 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 210 4 group group NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 210 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 210 6 38 38 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 210 7 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 210 8 85 85 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 210 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 210 10 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 211 1 Up up IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 211 2 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 211 3 now now RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 211 4 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 211 5 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 211 6 afore afore NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 211 7 mentioned mention VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 211 8 studies study NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 211 9 suggest suggest VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 211 10 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 211 11 higher high JJR cord-321401-w4ne60fn 211 12 doses dose NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 211 13 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 211 14 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 211 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 211 16 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 211 17 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 211 18 might may MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 211 19 be be VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 211 20 protective protective JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 211 21 against against IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 211 22 HRV HRV NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 211 23 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 211 24 infections infection NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 211 25 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 211 26 undifferentiated undifferentiated JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 211 27 airway airway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 211 28 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 211 29 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 211 30 only only RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 211 31 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 211 32 whereas whereas IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 211 33 for for IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 211 34 other other JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 211 35 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 211 36 viral viral JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 211 37 infections infection NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 211 38 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 211 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 211 40 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 211 41 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 211 42 mainly mainly RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 211 43 reduces reduce VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 211 44 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 211 45 responses response NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 211 46 without without IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 211 47 affecting affect VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 211 48 viral viral JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 211 49 clearance clearance NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 211 50 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 212 1 However however RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 212 2 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 212 3 more more JJR cord-321401-w4ne60fn 212 4 studies study NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 212 5 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 212 6 needed need VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 212 7 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 212 8 especially especially RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 212 9 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 212 10 differentiated differentiate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 212 11 airway airway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 212 12 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 212 13 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 212 14 using use VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 212 15 multiple multiple JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 212 16 HRV HRV NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 212 17 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 212 18 serotypes serotype NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 212 19 that that WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 212 20 use use VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 212 21 different different JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 212 22 receptors receptor NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 212 23 for for IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 212 24 infection infection NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 212 25 to to TO cord-321401-w4ne60fn 212 26 verify verify VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 212 27 if if IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 212 28 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 212 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 213 1 2 2 LS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 213 2 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 213 3 indeed indeed RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 213 4 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 213 5 capable capable JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 213 6 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 213 7 promoting promote VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 213 8 HRVclearance hrvclearance NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 213 9 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 214 1 There there EX cord-321401-w4ne60fn 214 2 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 214 3 more more JJR cord-321401-w4ne60fn 214 4 consensus consensus NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 214 5 about about IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 214 6 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 214 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 215 1 2 2 LS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 215 2 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 215 3 reducing reduce VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 215 4 virus virus NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 215 5 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 215 6 induced induce VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 215 7 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 215 8 responses response NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 216 1 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 216 2 this this DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 216 3 may may MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 216 4 certainly certainly RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 216 5 help help VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 216 6 to to TO cord-321401-w4ne60fn 216 7 alleviate alleviate VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 216 8 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 216 9 burden burden NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 216 10 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 216 11 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 216 12 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 216 13 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 216 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 216 15 38 38 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 216 16 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 216 17 85 85 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 216 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 216 19 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 217 1 In in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 217 2 addition addition NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 217 3 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 217 4 viral viral JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 217 5 infections infection NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 217 6 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 217 7 also also RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 217 8 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 217 9 infections infection NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 217 10 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 217 11 associated associate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 217 12 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 217 13 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 217 14 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 217 15 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 217 16 account account VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 217 17 for for IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 217 18 ∼50 ∼50 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 217 19 % % NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 217 20 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 217 21 all all DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 217 22 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 217 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 217 24 150 150 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 217 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 217 26 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 218 1 Due due IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 218 2 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 218 3 improved improved JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 218 4 study study NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 218 5 design design NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 218 6 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 218 7 sampling sampling NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 218 8 techniques technique NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 218 9 from from IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 218 10 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 218 11 lower low JJR cord-321401-w4ne60fn 218 12 airways airway NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 218 13 using use VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 218 14 bronchoscopy bronchoscopy NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 218 15 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 218 16 recent recent JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 218 17 decades decade NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 218 18 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 218 19 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 218 20 causative causative JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 218 21 role role NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 218 22 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 218 23 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 218 24 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 218 25 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 218 26 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 218 27 related relate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 218 28 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 218 29 has have VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 218 30 become become VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 218 31 clear clear JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 218 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 218 33 150 150 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 218 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 218 35 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 219 1 This this DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 219 2 was be VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 219 3 additionally additionally RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 219 4 supported support VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 219 5 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 219 6 Sethi Sethi NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 219 7 et et NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 219 8 al al NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 219 9 . . NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 219 10 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 219 11 who who WP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 219 12 found find VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 219 13 that that DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 219 14 acquisition acquisition NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 219 15 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 219 16 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 219 17 new new JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 219 18 strain strain NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 219 19 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 219 20 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 219 21 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 219 22 species specie NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 219 23 into into IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 219 24 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 219 25 airways airway NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 219 26 was be VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 219 27 linked link VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 219 28 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 219 29 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 219 30 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 219 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 219 32 151 151 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 219 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 219 34 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 220 1 Recent recent JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 220 2 developments development NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 220 3 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 220 4 assessing assess VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 220 5 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 220 6 airway airway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 220 7 microbiota microbiota NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 220 8 using use VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 220 9 16S 16S NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 220 10 rRNA rrna NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 220 11 sequencing sequencing NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 220 12 techniques technique NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 220 13 further further RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 220 14 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 220 15 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 220 16 during during IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 220 17 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 220 18 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 220 19 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 220 20 relative relative JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 220 21 abundance abundance NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 220 22 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 220 23 Haemophilus Haemophilus NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 220 24 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 220 25 Pseudomonas Pseudomonas NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 220 26 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 220 27 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 220 28 Moraxella Moraxella NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 220 29 was be VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 220 30 increased increase VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 220 31 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 220 32 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 220 33 microbial microbial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 220 34 composition composition NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 220 35 was be VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 220 36 shifted shift VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 220 37 toward toward IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 220 38 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 220 39 Proteobacteria Proteobacteria NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 220 40 phylum phylum NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 220 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 220 42 141 141 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 220 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 220 44 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 221 1 The the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 221 2 ability ability NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 221 3 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 221 4 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 221 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 221 6 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 221 7 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 221 8 to to TO cord-321401-w4ne60fn 221 9 promote promote VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 221 10 antibacterial antibacterial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 221 11 activity activity NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 221 12 was be VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 221 13 recently recently RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 221 14 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 221 15 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 221 16 cultures culture NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 221 17 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 221 18 airway airway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 221 19 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 221 20 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 221 21 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 222 1 In in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 222 2 differentiated differentiated JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 222 3 airway airway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 222 4 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 222 5 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 222 6 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 222 7 we -PRON- PRP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 222 8 have have VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 222 9 shown show VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 222 10 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 222 11 both both DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 222 12 25(OH)D 25(oh)d CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 222 13 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 222 14 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 222 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 222 16 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 222 17 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 222 18 treatment treatment NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 222 19 enhances enhance VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 222 20 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 222 21 expression expression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 222 22 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 222 23 hCAP18 hCAP18 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 222 24 / / SYM cord-321401-w4ne60fn 222 25 LL-37 LL-37 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 222 26 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 222 27 antibacterial antibacterial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 222 28 activity activity NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 222 29 against against IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 222 30 NTHi NTHi NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 222 31 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 222 32 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 222 33 Gram gram NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 222 34 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 222 35 negative negative JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 222 36 bacterium bacterium NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 222 37 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 222 38 which which WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 222 39 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 222 40 associated associate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 222 41 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 222 42 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 222 43 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 222 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 222 45 61 61 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 222 46 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 222 47 152 152 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 222 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 222 49 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 223 1 In in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 223 2 addition addition NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 223 3 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 223 4 Yim Yim NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 223 5 et et NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 223 6 al al NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 223 7 . . NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 223 8 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 223 9 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 223 10 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 223 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 223 12 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 223 13 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 223 14 treatment treatment NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 223 15 increased increase VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 223 16 expression expression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 223 17 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 223 18 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 223 19 AMP AMP NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 223 20 hCAP18 hCAP18 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 223 21 / / SYM cord-321401-w4ne60fn 223 22 LL-37 LL-37 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 223 23 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 223 24 killing killing NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 223 25 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 223 26 Pseudomonas Pseudomonas NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 223 27 aeruginosa aeruginosa NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 223 28 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 223 29 Bordetella Bordetella NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 223 30 bronchiseptica bronchiseptica NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 223 31 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 223 32 which which WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 223 33 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 223 34 both both DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 223 35 Gram gram NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 223 36 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 223 37 negative negative JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 223 38 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 223 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 223 40 153 153 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 223 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 223 42 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 224 1 These these DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 224 2 observed observe VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 224 3 antibacterial antibacterial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 224 4 effects effect NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 224 5 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 224 6 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 224 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 224 8 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 224 9 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 224 10 on on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 224 11 airway airway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 224 12 epithelium epithelium NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 224 13 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 224 14 vitro vitro FW cord-321401-w4ne60fn 224 15 were be VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 224 16 recently recently RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 224 17 confirmed confirm VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 224 18 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 224 19 vivo vivo NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 224 20 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 224 21 Vargas Vargas NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 224 22 Buonfiglio Buonfiglio NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 224 23 et et NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 224 24 al al NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 224 25 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 225 1 The the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 225 2 authors author NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 225 3 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 225 4 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 225 5 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 225 6 D D NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 225 7 supplementation supplementation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 225 8 increased increase VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 225 9 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 225 10 activity activity NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 225 11 against against IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 225 12 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 225 13 Gram Gram NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 225 14 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 225 15 positive positive JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 225 16 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 225 17 aureus aureus NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 225 18 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 225 19 ASL ASL NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 225 20 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 225 21 healthy healthy JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 225 22 non non NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 225 23 - - NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 225 24 smokers smoker NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 225 25 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 225 26 was be VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 225 27 dependent dependent JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 225 28 on on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 225 29 presence presence NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 225 30 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 225 31 hCAP18 hCAP18 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 225 32 / / SYM cord-321401-w4ne60fn 225 33 LL-37 LL-37 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 225 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 225 35 64 64 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 225 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 225 37 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 226 1 In in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 226 2 murine murine JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 226 3 airways airway NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 226 4 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 226 5 studies study NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 226 6 showed show VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 226 7 no no DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 226 8 effects effect NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 226 9 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 226 10 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 226 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 226 12 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 226 13 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 226 14 on on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 226 15 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 226 16 expression expression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 226 17 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 226 18 Defb4 Defb4 NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 226 19 or or CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 226 20 mCramp mCramp NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 226 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 226 22 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 226 23 murine murine JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 226 24 homolog homolog NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 226 25 for for IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 226 26 CAMP camp NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 226 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 226 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 226 29 154 154 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 226 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 226 31 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 227 1 This this DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 227 2 can can MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 227 3 be be VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 227 4 explained explain VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 227 5 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 227 6 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 227 7 fact fact NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 227 8 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 227 9 both both CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 227 10 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 227 11 promotors promotor NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 227 12 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 227 13 mCramp mCramp NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 227 14 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 227 15 Defb4 Defb4 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 227 16 lack lack NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 227 17 VDREs VDREs NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 227 18 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 227 19 suggesting suggest VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 227 20 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 227 21 mice mouse NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 227 22 might may MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 227 23 not not RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 227 24 be be VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 227 25 suitable suitable JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 227 26 for for IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 227 27 studying study VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 227 28 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 227 29 role role NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 227 30 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 227 31 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 227 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 227 33 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 227 34 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 227 35 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 227 36 AMP amp NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 227 37 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 227 38 mediated mediate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 227 39 host host NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 227 40 defense defense NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 227 41 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 227 42 infection infection NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 227 43 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 227 44 155 155 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 227 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 227 46 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 228 1 Indeed indeed RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 228 2 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 228 3 Niederstrasser Niederstrasser NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 228 4 et et NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 228 5 al al NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 228 6 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 229 1 showed show VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 229 2 no no DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 229 3 effects effect NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 229 4 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 229 5 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 229 6 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 229 7 deficiency deficiency NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 229 8 on on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 229 9 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 229 10 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 229 11 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 229 12 mice mouse NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 229 13 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 229 14 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 229 15 infection infection NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 229 16 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 229 17 Streptococcus streptococcus NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 229 18 pneumoniae pneumoniae NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 229 19 or or CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 229 20 Pseudomonas Pseudomonas NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 229 21 aeruginosa aeruginosa NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 229 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 229 23 156 156 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 229 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 229 25 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 230 1 However however RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 230 2 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 230 3 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 230 4 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 230 5 recently recently RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 230 6 developed develop VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 230 7 mouse mouse NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 230 8 model model NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 230 9 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 230 10 Lowry Lowry NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 230 11 et et NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 230 12 al al NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 230 13 . . NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 230 14 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 230 15 who who WP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 230 16 transfected transfecte VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 230 17 mCramp mCramp NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 230 18 knockout knockout NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 230 19 mice mouse NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 230 20 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 230 21 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 230 22 human human JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 230 23 CAMP CAMP NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 230 24 gene gene NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 230 25 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 230 26 topical topical JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 230 27 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 230 28 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 230 29 3 3 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 230 30 treatment treatment NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 230 31 increased increase VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 230 32 expression expression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 230 33 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 230 34 CAMP camp NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 230 35 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 230 36 promoted promote VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 230 37 antibacterial antibacterial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 230 38 effects effect NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 230 39 on on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 230 40 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 230 41 mucosa mucosa NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 230 42 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 230 43 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 230 44 skin skin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 230 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 230 46 157 157 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 230 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 230 48 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 231 1 There there EX cord-321401-w4ne60fn 231 2 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 231 3 also also RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 231 4 multiple multiple JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 231 5 other other JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 231 6 murine murine JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 231 7 studies study NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 231 8 that that WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 231 9 demonstrate demonstrate VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 231 10 protective protective JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 231 11 effects effect NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 231 12 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 231 13 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 231 14 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 231 15 on on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 231 16 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 231 17 infections infection NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 231 18 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 231 19 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 231 20 gut gut NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 231 21 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 231 22 indicating indicate VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 231 23 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 231 24 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 231 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 231 26 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 231 27 Dmediated dmediated JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 231 28 antibacterial antibacterial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 231 29 effects effect NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 231 30 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 231 31 additional additional JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 231 32 modulated modulate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 231 33 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 231 34 other other JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 231 35 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 231 36 such such JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 231 37 as as IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 231 38 via via IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 231 39 enhancement enhancement NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 231 40 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 231 41 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 231 42 barrier barrier NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 231 43 integrity integrity NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 231 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 231 45 67 67 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 231 46 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 231 47 158 158 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 231 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 231 49 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 232 1 In in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 232 2 conclusion conclusion NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 232 3 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 232 4 these these DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 232 5 observations observation NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 232 6 show show VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 232 7 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 232 8 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 232 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 232 10 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 232 11 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 232 12 promotes promote VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 232 13 protection protection NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 232 14 against against IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 232 15 pollutants pollutant NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 232 16 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 232 17 enhances enhance VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 232 18 clearance clearance NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 232 19 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 232 20 viral viral JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 232 21 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 232 22 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 232 23 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 232 24 infections infection NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 232 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 232 26 both both DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 232 27 Gram gram NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 232 28 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 232 29 positive positive JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 232 30 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 232 31 negative negative JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 232 32 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 232 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 232 34 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 232 35 combination combination NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 232 36 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 232 37 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 232 38 dampening dampening NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 232 39 effect effect NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 232 40 on on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 232 41 exaggerated exaggerated JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 232 42 immune immune JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 232 43 responses response NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 232 44 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 232 45 these these DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 232 46 features feature NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 232 47 might may MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 232 48 explain explain VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 232 49 why why WRB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 232 50 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 232 51 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 232 52 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 232 53 deficiency deficiency NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 232 54 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 232 55 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 232 56 linked link VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 232 57 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 232 58 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 232 59 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 232 60 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 233 1 There there EX cord-321401-w4ne60fn 233 2 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 233 3 strong strong JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 233 4 indications indication NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 233 5 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 233 6 modulation modulation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 233 7 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 233 8 immune immune JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 233 9 responses response NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 233 10 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 233 11 antibacterial antibacterial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 233 12 activities activity NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 233 13 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 233 14 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 233 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 233 16 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 233 17 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 233 18 and/or and/or CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 233 19 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 233 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 233 21 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 233 22 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 233 23 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 233 24 regulated regulate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 233 25 AMPs amp NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 233 26 as as RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 233 27 well well RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 233 28 as as IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 233 29 autophagy autophagy NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 233 30 have have VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 233 31 implications implication NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 233 32 for for IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 233 33 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 233 34 composition composition NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 233 35 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 233 36 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 233 37 microbiota microbiota NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 233 38 at at IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 233 39 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 233 40 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 233 41 mucosa mucosa NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 233 42 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 233 43 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 233 44 airways airway NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 233 45 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 233 46 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 233 47 gut gut NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 233 48 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 233 49 159 159 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 233 50 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 233 51 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 234 1 Evidence evidence NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 234 2 for for IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 234 3 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 234 4 role role NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 234 5 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 234 6 AMPs amp NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 234 7 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 234 8 regulating regulate VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 234 9 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 234 10 composition composition NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 234 11 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 234 12 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 234 13 microbiota microbiota NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 234 14 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 234 15 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 234 16 gut gut NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 234 17 came come VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 234 18 from from IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 234 19 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 234 20 variety variety NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 234 21 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 234 22 studies study NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 234 23 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 234 24 including include VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 234 25 those those DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 234 26 showing show VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 234 27 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 234 28 Paneth Paneth NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 234 29 cell cell NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 234 30 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 234 31 derived derive VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 234 32 defensins defensin NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 234 33 may may MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 234 34 modulate modulate VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 234 35 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 234 36 composition composition NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 234 37 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 234 38 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 234 39 microbiome microbiome NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 234 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 234 41 160 160 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 234 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 234 43 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 235 1 This this DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 235 2 notion notion NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 235 3 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 235 4 further further RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 235 5 supported support VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 235 6 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 235 7 observations observation NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 235 8 showing show VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 235 9 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 235 10 many many JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 235 11 commensal commensal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 235 12 gut gut NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 235 13 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 235 14 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 235 15 protected protect VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 235 16 from from IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 235 17 killing kill VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 235 18 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 235 19 AMPs amp NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 235 20 such such JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 235 21 as as IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 235 22 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 235 23 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 235 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 235 25 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 235 26 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 235 27 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 235 28 inducible inducible JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 235 29 hCAP18 hCAP18 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 235 30 / / SYM cord-321401-w4ne60fn 235 31 LL-37 LL-37 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 235 32 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 235 33 hBD-2 hBD-2 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 235 34 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 235 35 whereas whereas IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 235 36 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 235 37 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 235 38 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 235 39 general general JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 235 40 more more RBR cord-321401-w4ne60fn 235 41 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 235 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 235 43 161 161 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 235 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 235 45 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 236 1 Alterations alteration NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 236 2 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 236 3 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 236 4 gut gut NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 236 5 microbiota microbiota NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 236 6 have have VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 236 7 been be VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 236 8 linked link VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 236 9 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 236 10 many many JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 236 11 diseases disease NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 236 12 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 236 13 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 236 14 gut gut NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 236 15 such such JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 236 16 as as IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 236 17 IBD IBD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 236 18 but but CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 236 19 also also RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 236 20 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 236 21 diseases disease NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 236 22 affecting affect VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 236 23 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 236 24 lungs lung NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 236 25 such such JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 236 26 as as IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 236 27 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 236 28 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 236 29 asthma asthma NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 236 30 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 236 31 implicating implicate VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 236 32 an an DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 236 33 important important JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 236 34 role role NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 236 35 for for IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 236 36 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 236 37 so so RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 236 38 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 236 39 called call VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 236 40 gut gut NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 236 41 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 236 42 lung lung NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 236 43 axis axis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 236 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 236 45 162 162 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 236 46 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 236 47 163 163 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 236 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 236 49 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 237 1 The the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 237 2 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 237 3 that that WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 237 4 explain explain VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 237 5 how how WRB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 237 6 gut gut NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 237 7 microbiota microbiota NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 237 8 affect affect VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 237 9 lung lung NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 237 10 health health NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 237 11 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 237 12 disease disease NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 237 13 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 237 14 complex complex JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 237 15 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 237 16 include include VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 237 17 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 237 18 production production NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 237 19 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 237 20 short short JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 237 21 chain chain NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 237 22 fatty fatty JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 237 23 acids acid NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 237 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 237 25 SCFAs SCFAs NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 237 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 237 27 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 238 1 SCFA SCFA NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 238 2 have have VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 238 3 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 238 4 wide wide JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 238 5 range range NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 238 6 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 238 7 effects effect NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 238 8 on on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 238 9 both both DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 238 10 immune immune JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 238 11 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 238 12 structural structural JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 238 13 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 238 14 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 238 15 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 238 16 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 238 17 effect effect NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 238 18 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 238 19 SCFA SCFA NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 238 20 produced produce VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 238 21 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 238 22 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 238 23 intestine intestine NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 238 24 on on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 238 25 lung lung NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 238 26 immunity immunity NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 238 27 may may MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 238 28 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 238 29 part part NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 238 30 be be VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 238 31 explained explain VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 238 32 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 238 33 modulation modulation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 238 34 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 238 35 myeloid myeloid NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 238 36 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 238 37 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 238 38 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 238 39 bone bone NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 238 40 marrow marrow NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 238 41 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 238 42 which which WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 238 43 subsequently subsequently RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 238 44 migrate migrate VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 238 45 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 238 46 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 238 47 airways airway NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 238 48 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 238 49 modulate modulate VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 238 50 local local JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 238 51 immune immune JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 238 52 responses response NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 238 53 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 238 54 163 163 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 238 55 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 238 56 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 239 1 Microbiota Microbiota NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 239 2 that that WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 239 3 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 239 4 diverse diverse JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 239 5 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 239 6 rich rich JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 239 7 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 239 8 contain contain VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 239 9 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 239 10 higher high JJR cord-321401-w4ne60fn 239 11 abundance abundance NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 239 12 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 239 13 SCFAproducing scfaproduce VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 239 14 species specie NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 239 15 within within IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 239 16 these these DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 239 17 populations population NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 239 18 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 239 19 considered consider VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 239 20 to to TO cord-321401-w4ne60fn 239 21 be be VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 239 22 associated associate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 239 23 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 239 24 health health NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 239 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 239 26 164 164 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 239 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 239 28 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 240 1 In in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 240 2 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 240 3 gut gut NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 240 4 there there EX cord-321401-w4ne60fn 240 5 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 240 6 strong strong JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 240 7 evidence evidence NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 240 8 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 240 9 both both DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 240 10 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 240 11 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 240 12 deficiency deficiency NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 240 13 and/or and/or CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 240 14 supplementation supplementation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 240 15 affect affect VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 240 16 composition composition NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 240 17 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 240 18 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 240 19 adult adult NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 240 20 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 240 21 infant infant NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 240 22 microbiota microbiota NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 240 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 240 24 164 164 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 240 25 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 240 26 165 165 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 240 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 240 28 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 240 29 specifically specifically RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 240 30 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 240 31 relation relation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 240 32 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 240 33 disease disease NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 240 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 240 35 166 166 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 240 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 240 37 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 241 1 However however RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 241 2 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 241 3 due due IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 241 4 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 241 5 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 241 6 limited limited JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 241 7 number number NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 241 8 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 241 9 RCTs rct NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 241 10 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 241 11 small small JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 241 12 sample sample NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 241 13 sizes size NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 241 14 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 241 15 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 241 16 precise precise JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 241 17 effects effect NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 241 18 on on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 241 19 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 241 20 microbiota microbiota NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 241 21 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 241 22 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 241 23 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 241 24 involved involve VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 241 25 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 241 26 this this DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 241 27 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 241 28 still still RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 241 29 unclear unclear JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 241 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 241 31 164 164 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 241 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 241 33 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 242 1 Alterations alteration NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 242 2 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 242 3 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 242 4 lung lung NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 242 5 microbiota microbiota NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 242 6 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 242 7 also also RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 242 8 observed observe VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 242 9 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 242 10 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 242 11 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 242 12 asthma asthma NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 242 13 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 242 14 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 242 15 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 242 16 likely likely RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 242 17 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 242 18 result result NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 242 19 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 242 20 environmental environmental JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 242 21 exposures exposure NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 242 22 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 242 23 airway airway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 242 24 remodeling remodeling NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 242 25 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 242 26 infections infection NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 242 27 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 242 28 treatments treatment NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 242 29 such such JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 242 30 as as IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 242 31 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 242 32 use use NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 242 33 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 242 34 antibiotics antibiotic NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 242 35 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 243 1 This this DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 243 2 may may MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 243 3 contribute contribute VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 243 4 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 243 5 disease disease NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 243 6 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 243 7 through through IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 243 8 altered alter VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 243 9 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 243 10 innate innate JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 243 11 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 243 12 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 243 13 immune immune JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 243 14 responses response NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 243 15 that that WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 243 16 damages damage VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 243 17 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 243 18 airway airway JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 243 19 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 243 20 barrier barrier NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 243 21 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 243 22 provokes provoke VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 243 23 further further JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 243 24 changes change NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 243 25 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 243 26 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 243 27 lung lung NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 243 28 microbiome microbiome NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 243 29 that that WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 243 30 accumulates accumulate VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 243 31 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 243 32 increasing increase VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 243 33 disease disease NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 243 34 severity severity NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 243 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 243 36 167 167 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 243 37 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 243 38 168 168 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 243 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 243 40 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 244 1 To to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 244 2 date date NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 244 3 only only RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 244 4 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 244 5 studies study NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 244 6 describe describe VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 244 7 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 244 8 possible possible JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 244 9 influence influence NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 244 10 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 244 11 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 244 12 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 244 13 on on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 244 14 composition composition NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 244 15 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 244 16 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 244 17 microbiota microbiota NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 244 18 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 244 19 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 244 20 airways airway NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 244 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 244 22 169 169 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 244 23 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 244 24 170 170 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 244 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 244 26 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 245 1 Toivonen Toivonen NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 245 2 et et NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 245 3 al al NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 245 4 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 1 showed show VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 2 an an DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 3 association association NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 4 between between IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 5 low low JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 6 serum serum NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 7 25(OH)D 25(oh)d CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 8 levels level NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 9 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 10 reduced reduce VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 11 richness richness NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 12 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 13 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 14 nasopharyngeal nasopharyngeal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 15 microbiota microbiota NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 16 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 17 bronchiolitis bronchiolitis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 18 severity severity NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 19 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 20 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 21 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 22 low low JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 23 25(OH)D 25(oh)d CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 24 levels level NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 26 169 169 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 28 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 29 whereas whereas IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 30 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 31 another another DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 32 study study NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 33 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 34 D D NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 35 supplementation supplementation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 36 decreased decrease VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 37 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 38 abundance abundance NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 39 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 40 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 41 aureus aureus NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 42 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 43 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 44 epidermidis epidermidi NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 45 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 46 Corynebacterium Corynebacterium NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 47 species specie NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 48 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 49 sputum sputum NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 50 samples sample NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 51 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 52 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 53 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 54 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 55 deficient deficient JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 56 CF cf NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 57 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 58 compared compare VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 59 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 60 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 61 CF cf NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 62 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 63 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 64 170 170 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 65 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 246 66 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 247 1 In in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 247 2 summary summary NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 247 3 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 247 4 there there EX cord-321401-w4ne60fn 247 5 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 247 6 evidence evidence NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 247 7 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 247 8 alterations alteration NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 247 9 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 247 10 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 247 11 airway airway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 247 12 or or CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 247 13 gut gut NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 247 14 microbiota microbiota NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 247 15 can can MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 247 16 affect affect VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 247 17 chronic chronic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 247 18 airway airway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 247 19 disease disease NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 247 20 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 247 21 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 247 22 these these DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 247 23 changes change NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 247 24 could could MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 247 25 be be VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 247 26 related relate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 247 27 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 247 28 both both DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 247 29 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 247 30 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 247 31 deficiency deficiency NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 247 32 and/or and/or CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 247 33 supplementation supplementation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 247 34 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 248 1 However however RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 248 2 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 248 3 due due IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 248 4 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 248 5 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 248 6 limited limited JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 248 7 number number NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 248 8 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 248 9 RCTs rct NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 248 10 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 248 11 small small JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 248 12 sample sample NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 248 13 sizes size NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 248 14 more more JJR cord-321401-w4ne60fn 248 15 RCTs rct NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 248 16 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 248 17 needed need VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 248 18 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 248 19 larger large JJR cord-321401-w4ne60fn 248 20 patient patient NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 248 21 populations population NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 248 22 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 249 1 The the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 249 2 above above RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 249 3 described describe VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 249 4 protective protective JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 249 5 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 249 6 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 249 7 possibilities possibility NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 249 8 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 249 9 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 249 10 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 249 11 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 249 12 together together RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 249 13 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 249 14 observations observation NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 249 15 that that WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 249 16 many many JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 249 17 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 249 18 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 249 19 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 249 20 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 249 21 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 249 22 deficient deficient JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 249 23 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 249 24 suggest suggest VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 249 25 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 249 26 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 249 27 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 249 28 might may MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 249 29 benefit benefit VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 249 30 from from IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 249 31 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 249 32 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 249 33 supplementation supplementation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 249 34 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 250 1 As as IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 250 2 discussed discuss VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 250 3 elsewhere elsewhere RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 250 4 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 250 5 this this DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 250 6 review review NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 250 7 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 250 8 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 250 9 link link NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 250 10 between between IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 250 11 circulating circulate VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 250 12 25(OH)D 25(oh)d CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 250 13 levels level NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 250 14 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 250 15 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 250 16 number number NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 250 17 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 250 18 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 250 19 has have VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 250 20 been be VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 250 21 extensively extensively RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 250 22 studied study VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 250 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 250 24 8) 8) NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 250 25 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 251 1 So so RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 251 2 far far RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 251 3 however however RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 251 4 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 251 5 only only RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 251 6 4 4 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 251 7 RCTs RCTs NNPS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 251 8 have have VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 251 9 investigated investigate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 251 10 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 251 11 effect effect NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 251 12 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 251 13 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 251 14 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 251 15 supplementation supplementation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 251 16 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 251 17 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 251 18 context context NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 251 19 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 251 20 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 251 21 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 251 22 only only RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 251 23 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 251 24 out out IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 251 25 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 251 26 4 4 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 251 27 RCTs RCTs NNPS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 251 28 showed show VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 251 29 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 251 30 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 251 31 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 251 32 supplementation supplementation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 251 33 reduces reduce VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 251 34 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 251 35 number number NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 251 36 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 251 37 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 251 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 251 39 171 171 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 251 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 251 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 251 42 172 172 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 251 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 251 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 251 45 173 173 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 251 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 251 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 251 48 174 174 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 251 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 251 50 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 252 1 However however RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 252 2 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 252 3 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 252 4 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 252 5 post post JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 252 6 - - JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 252 7 hoc hoc JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 252 8 analysis analysis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 252 9 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 252 10 selecting select VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 252 11 those those DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 252 12 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 252 13 that that WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 252 14 were be VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 252 15 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 252 16 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 252 17 deficient deficient JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 252 18 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 252 19 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 252 20 were be VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 252 21 indeed indeed RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 252 22 reduced reduce VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 252 23 after after IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 252 24 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 252 25 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 252 26 supplementation supplementation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 252 27 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 253 1 Jolliffe Jolliffe NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 253 2 et et NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 253 3 al al NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 253 4 . . NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 253 5 summarized summarize VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 253 6 these these DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 253 7 4 4 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 253 8 RCTs RCTs NNPS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 253 9 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 253 10 performed perform VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 253 11 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 253 12 recent recent JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 253 13 individual individual JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 253 14 participant participant NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 253 15 data datum NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 253 16 meta meta NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 253 17 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 253 18 analysis analysis NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 253 19 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 253 20 concluded conclude VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 253 21 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 253 22 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 253 23 D D NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 253 24 supplementation supplementation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 253 25 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 253 26 only only RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 253 27 protective protective JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 253 28 against against IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 253 29 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 253 30 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 253 31 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 253 32 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 253 33 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 253 34 baseline baseline JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 253 35 serum serum NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 253 36 25(OH)D 25(oh)d CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 253 37 levels level NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 253 38 < < XX cord-321401-w4ne60fn 253 39 25 25 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 253 40 nmol nmol JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 253 41 / / SYM cord-321401-w4ne60fn 253 42 L l NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 253 43 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 253 44 175 175 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 253 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 253 46 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 254 1 These these DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 254 2 important important JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 254 3 findings finding NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 254 4 suggest suggest VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 254 5 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 254 6 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 254 7 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 254 8 this this DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 254 9 specific specific JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 254 10 subset subset NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 254 11 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 254 12 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 254 13 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 254 14 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 254 15 connected connect VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 254 16 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 254 17 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 254 18 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 254 19 deficiency deficiency NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 254 20 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 254 21 this this DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 254 22 part part NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 254 23 can can MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 254 24 be be VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 254 25 resolved resolve VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 254 26 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 254 27 supplementation supplementation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 254 28 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 255 1 In in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 255 2 summary summary NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 255 3 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 255 4 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 255 5 protective protective JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 255 6 effects effect NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 255 7 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 255 8 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 255 9 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 255 10 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 255 11 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 255 12 suffering suffer VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 255 13 from from IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 255 14 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 255 15 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 255 16 most most RBS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 255 17 prominent prominent JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 255 18 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 255 19 those those DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 255 20 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 255 21 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 255 22 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 255 23 deficiency deficiency NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 255 24 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 255 25 this this DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 255 26 would would MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 255 27 indicate indicate VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 255 28 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 255 29 serum serum NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 255 30 levels level NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 255 31 25(OH)D 25(oh)d CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 255 32 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 255 33 these these DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 255 34 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 255 35 should should MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 255 36 always always RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 255 37 be be VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 255 38 determined determine VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 255 39 before before IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 255 40 considering consider VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 255 41 using use VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 255 42 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 255 43 D D NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 255 44 supplementation supplementation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 255 45 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 256 1 Since since IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 256 2 only only RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 256 3 4 4 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 256 4 RCTs rct NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 256 5 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 256 6 relatively relatively RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 256 7 small small JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 256 8 patient patient JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 256 9 populations population NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 256 10 have have VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 256 11 been be VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 256 12 conducted conduct VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 256 13 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 256 14 both both DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 256 15 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 256 16 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 256 17 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 256 18 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 256 19 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 256 20 -deficient -deficient . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 257 1 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 257 2 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 257 3 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 257 4 more more JJR cord-321401-w4ne60fn 257 5 RCTs rct NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 257 6 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 257 7 needed need VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 257 8 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 257 9 especially especially RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 257 10 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 257 11 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 257 12 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 257 13 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 257 14 deficient deficient JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 257 15 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 257 16 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 258 1 Currently currently RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 258 2 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 258 3 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 258 4 multicenter multicenter JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 258 5 RCT RCT NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 258 6 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 258 7 being be VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 258 8 conducted conduct VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 258 9 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 258 10 Rafiq Rafiq NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 258 11 et et NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 258 12 al al NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 258 13 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 259 1 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 259 2 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 259 3 group group NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 259 4 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 259 5 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 259 6 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 259 7 deficient deficient JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 259 8 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 259 9 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 259 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 259 11 25(OH)D 25(oh)d CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 259 12 < < XX cord-321401-w4ne60fn 259 13 50 50 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 259 14 nmol nmol JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 259 15 / / SYM cord-321401-w4ne60fn 259 16 L L NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 259 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 259 18 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 259 19 which which WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 259 20 may may MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 259 21 reveal reveal VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 259 22 whether whether IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 259 23 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 259 24 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 259 25 supplementation supplementation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 259 26 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 259 27 indeed indeed RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 259 28 protective protective JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 259 29 against against IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 259 30 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 259 31 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 259 32 this this DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 259 33 group group NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 259 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 259 35 176 176 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 259 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 259 37 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 260 1 In in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 260 2 addition addition NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 260 3 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 260 4 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 260 5 effects effect NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 260 6 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 260 7 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 260 8 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 260 9 supplementation supplementation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 260 10 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 260 11 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 260 12 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 260 13 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 260 14 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 260 15 effects effect NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 260 16 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 260 17 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 260 18 D D NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 260 19 supplementation supplementation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 260 20 has have VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 260 21 also also RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 260 22 been be VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 260 23 extensively extensively RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 260 24 investigated investigate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 260 25 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 260 26 other other JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 260 27 lung lung NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 260 28 diseases disease NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 260 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 260 30 which which WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 260 31 have have VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 260 32 associations association NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 260 33 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 260 34 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 260 35 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 260 36 deficiency deficiency NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 260 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 260 38 such such JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 260 39 as as IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 260 40 asthma asthma NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 260 41 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 260 42 cystic cystic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 260 43 fibrosis fibrosis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 260 44 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 260 45 upper upper JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 260 46 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 260 47 tract tract NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 260 48 infections infection NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 260 49 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 261 1 Most Most JJS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 261 2 RCTs rct NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 261 3 that that WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 261 4 investigated investigate VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 261 5 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 261 6 effects effect NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 261 7 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 261 8 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 261 9 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 261 10 supplementation supplementation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 261 11 were be VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 261 12 performed perform VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 261 13 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 261 14 acute acute JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 261 15 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 261 16 tract tract NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 261 17 infections infection NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 261 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 261 19 ARTIs arti NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 261 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 261 21 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 261 22 asthma asthma NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 261 23 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 262 1 A a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 262 2 recent recent JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 262 3 meta meta JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 262 4 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 262 5 analysis analysis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 262 6 that that WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 262 7 assessed assess VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 262 8 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 262 9 effects effect NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 262 10 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 262 11 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 262 12 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 262 13 supplementation supplementation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 262 14 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 262 15 25 25 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 262 16 RCTs rct NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 262 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 262 18 11,321 11,321 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 262 19 participants participant NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 262 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 262 21 showed show VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 262 22 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 262 23 indeed indeed RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 262 24 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 262 25 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 262 26 supplementation supplementation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 262 27 was be VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 262 28 protective protective JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 262 29 against against IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 262 30 ATRIs atri NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 262 31 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 262 32 this this DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 262 33 effect effect NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 262 34 was be VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 262 35 again again RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 262 36 more more RBR cord-321401-w4ne60fn 262 37 profound profound JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 262 38 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 262 39 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 262 40 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 262 41 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 262 42 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 262 43 deficiency deficiency NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 263 1 25(OH)D 25(oh)d CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 263 2 < < XX cord-321401-w4ne60fn 263 3 25 25 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 263 4 nmol nmol NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 263 5 / / SYM cord-321401-w4ne60fn 263 6 L l NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 263 7 at at IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 263 8 baseline baseline NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 263 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 263 10 177 177 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 263 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 263 12 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 264 1 A a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 264 2 recent recent JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 264 3 meta meta JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 264 4 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 264 5 analysis analysis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 264 6 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 264 7 asthma asthma NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 264 8 that that WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 264 9 included include VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 264 10 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 264 11 total total NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 264 12 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 264 13 14 14 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 264 14 randomized randomized JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 264 15 controlled control VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 264 16 trials trial NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 264 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 264 18 1,421 1,421 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 264 19 participants participant NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 264 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 264 21 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 264 22 indicated indicate VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 264 23 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 264 24 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 264 25 D D NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 264 26 supplementation supplementation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 264 27 reduced reduce VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 264 28 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 264 29 rate rate NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 264 30 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 264 31 asthma asthma NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 264 32 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 264 33 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 264 34 increased increase VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 264 35 lung lung NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 264 36 function function NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 264 37 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 264 38 especially especially RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 264 39 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 264 40 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 264 41 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 264 42 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 264 43 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 264 44 insufficiency insufficiency NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 264 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 264 46 25(OH)D 25(oh)d CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 264 47 < < XX cord-321401-w4ne60fn 264 48 75 75 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 264 49 nmol nmol NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 264 50 / / SYM cord-321401-w4ne60fn 264 51 L l NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 264 52 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 264 53 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 264 54 178 178 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 264 55 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 264 56 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 265 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 265 2 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 265 3 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 265 4 asthma asthma NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 265 5 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 265 6 that that WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 265 7 were be VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 265 8 supplemented supplement VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 265 9 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 265 10 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 265 11 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 265 12 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 265 13 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 265 14 frequency frequency NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 265 15 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 265 16 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 265 17 infections infection NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 265 18 was be VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 265 19 reduced reduce VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 265 20 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 265 21 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 265 22 this this DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 265 23 effect effect NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 265 24 was be VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 265 25 related relate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 265 26 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 265 27 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 265 28 increase increase NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 265 29 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 265 30 hCAP18 hCAP18 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 265 31 / / SYM cord-321401-w4ne60fn 265 32 LL-37 LL-37 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 265 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 265 34 179 179 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 265 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 265 36 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 266 1 CF CF NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 266 2 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 266 3 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 266 4 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 266 5 D D NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 266 6 deficiency deficiency NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 266 7 had have VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 266 8 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 266 9 higher high JJR cord-321401-w4ne60fn 266 10 rate rate NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 266 11 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 266 12 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 266 13 as as IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 266 14 compared compare VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 266 15 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 266 16 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 266 17 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 266 18 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 266 19 25(OH)D 25(oh)d CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 266 20 levels level NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 266 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 266 22 180 180 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 266 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 266 24 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 267 1 However however RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 267 2 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 267 3 only only RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 267 4 one one CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 267 5 recent recent JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 267 6 multicenter multicenter JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 267 7 RCT RCT NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 267 8 was be VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 267 9 conducted conduct VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 267 10 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 267 11 indicated indicate VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 267 12 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 267 13 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 267 14 D D NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 267 15 supplementation supplementation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 267 16 did do VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 267 17 not not RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 267 18 affect affect VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 267 19 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 267 20 number number NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 267 21 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 267 22 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 267 23 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 267 24 CF CF NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 267 25 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 267 26 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 267 27 serum serum NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 267 28 25(OH)D 25(oh)d CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 267 29 concentrations concentration NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 267 30 between between IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 267 31 25 25 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 267 32 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 267 33 137.5 137.5 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 267 34 nmol nmol JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 267 35 / / SYM cord-321401-w4ne60fn 267 36 L l NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 267 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 267 38 181 181 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 267 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 267 40 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 268 1 In in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 268 2 summary summary NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 268 3 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 268 4 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 268 5 protective protective JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 268 6 effects effect NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 268 7 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 268 8 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 268 9 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 268 10 supplementation supplementation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 268 11 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 268 12 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 268 13 suffering suffer VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 268 14 from from IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 268 15 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 268 16 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 268 17 asthma asthma NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 268 18 or or CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 268 19 ARTIs arti NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 268 20 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 268 21 most most RBS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 268 22 prominent prominent JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 268 23 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 268 24 those those DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 268 25 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 268 26 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 268 27 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 268 28 deficiency deficiency NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 268 29 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 268 30 this this DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 268 31 would would MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 268 32 indicate indicate VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 268 33 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 268 34 importance importance NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 268 35 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 268 36 establishing establish VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 268 37 serum serum NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 268 38 levels level NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 268 39 25(OH)D 25(oh)d CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 268 40 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 268 41 these these DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 268 42 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 268 43 as as IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 268 44 supplementation supplementation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 268 45 could could MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 268 46 reduce reduce VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 268 47 unnecessary unnecessary JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 268 48 aggravated aggravated JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 268 49 disease disease NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 268 50 pathology pathology NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 268 51 as as IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 268 52 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 268 53 result result NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 268 54 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 268 55 this this DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 268 56 deficiency deficiency NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 268 57 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 1 Many many JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 2 drivers driver NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 3 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 4 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 5 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 6 such such JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 7 as as IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 8 chronic chronic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 9 exposure exposure NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 10 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 11 noxious noxious JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 12 particles particle NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 13 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 14 gases gas NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 15 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 16 which which WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 17 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 18 present present JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 19 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 20 CS CS NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 21 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 22 air air NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 23 pollution pollution NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 24 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 25 proteolytic proteolytic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 26 enzymes enzyme NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 27 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 28 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 29 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 30 chemokines chemokine NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 31 that that WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 32 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 33 released release VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 34 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 35 infiltrating infiltrate VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 36 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 37 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 38 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 39 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 40 known know VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 41 to to TO cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 42 harm harm VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 43 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 44 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 45 barrier barrier NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 46 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 47 cause cause VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 48 aberrant aberrant JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 49 remodeling remodeling NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 50 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 51 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 52 airway airway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 53 epithelium epithelium NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 54 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 55 important important JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 56 functional functional JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 57 consequences consequence NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 58 for for IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 59 e.g. e.g. RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 60 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 61 host host NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 62 defense defense NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 269 63 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 270 1 A a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 270 2 dysfunctional dysfunctional JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 270 3 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 270 4 barrier barrier NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 270 5 increases increase VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 270 6 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 270 7 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 270 8 toward toward IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 270 9 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 270 10 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 270 11 viral viral JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 270 12 infections infection NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 270 13 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 270 14 which which WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 270 15 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 270 16 important important JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 270 17 triggers trigger NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 270 18 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 270 19 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 270 20 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 270 21 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 270 22 these these DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 270 23 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 270 24 contribute contribute VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 270 25 importantly importantly RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 270 26 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 270 27 disease disease NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 270 28 progression progression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 270 29 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 271 1 Sufficient sufficient JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 271 2 local local JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 271 3 levels level NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 271 4 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 271 5 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 271 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 271 7 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 271 8 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 271 9 may may MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 271 10 provide provide VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 271 11 partial partial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 271 12 protection protection NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 271 13 against against IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 271 14 these these DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 271 15 effects effect NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 271 16 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 271 17 reducing reduce VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 271 18 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 271 19 effects effect NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 271 20 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 271 21 oxidative oxidative JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 271 22 stress stress NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 271 23 induced induce VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 271 24 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 271 25 exposure exposure NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 271 26 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 271 27 inhaled inhale VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 271 28 oxidants oxidant NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 271 29 or or CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 271 30 those those DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 271 31 derived derive VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 271 32 from from IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 271 33 recruited recruit VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 271 34 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 271 35 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 271 36 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 272 1 1,25(OH 1,25(oh LS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 272 2 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 272 3 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 272 4 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 272 5 furthermore furthermore RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 272 6 protects protect VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 272 7 against against IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 272 8 impairment impairment NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 272 9 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 272 10 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 272 11 barrier barrier NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 272 12 function function NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 272 13 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 272 14 promoting promote VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 272 15 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 272 16 integrity integrity NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 272 17 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 272 18 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 272 19 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 272 20 barrier barrier NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 272 21 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 272 22 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 272 23 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 272 24 modulating modulate VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 272 25 both both DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 272 26 innate innate JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 272 27 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 272 28 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 272 29 immune immune JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 272 30 responses response NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 272 31 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 273 1 Protection protection NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 273 2 against against IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 273 3 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 273 4 detrimental detrimental JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 273 5 effects effect NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 273 6 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 273 7 both both DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 273 8 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 273 9 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 273 10 viral viral JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 273 11 infections infection NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 273 12 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 273 13 provided provide VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 273 14 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 273 15 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 273 16 ability ability NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 273 17 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 273 18 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 273 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 273 20 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 273 21 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 273 22 to to TO cord-321401-w4ne60fn 273 23 promote promote VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 273 24 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 273 25 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 273 26 responses response NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 273 27 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 273 28 induce induce VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 273 29 expression expression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 273 30 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 273 31 AMPs amp NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 273 32 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 273 33 modulate modulate VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 273 34 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 273 35 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 273 36 responses response NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 273 37 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 274 1 Taken take VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 274 2 together together RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 274 3 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 274 4 these these DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 274 5 activities activity NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 274 6 suggest suggest VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 274 7 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 274 8 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 274 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 274 10 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 274 11 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 274 12 may may MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 274 13 provide provide VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 274 14 protection protection NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 274 15 against against IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 274 16 development development NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 274 17 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 274 18 progression progression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 274 19 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 274 20 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 274 21 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 274 22 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 274 23 against against IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 274 24 disease disease NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 274 25 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 274 26 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 1 In in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 2 addition addition NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 3 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 4 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 5 local local JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 6 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 7 milieu milieu NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 8 as as RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 9 well well RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 10 as as IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 11 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 12 chronic chronic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 13 exposure exposure NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 14 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 15 noxious noxious JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 16 particles particle NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 17 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 18 gases gas NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 19 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 20 which which WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 21 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 22 present present JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 23 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 24 CS CS NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 25 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 26 air air NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 27 pollution pollution NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 28 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 29 may may MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 30 negatively negatively RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 31 affect affect VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 32 synthesis synthesis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 33 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 34 signaling signaling NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 35 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 36 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 38 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 39 D. D. NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 40 Here here RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 41 we -PRON- PRP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 42 discussed discuss VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 43 recent recent JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 44 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 45 vitro vitro FW cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 46 studies study NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 47 that that WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 48 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 49 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 50 disease disease NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 51 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 52 associated associate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 53 factors factor NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 54 such such JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 55 as as IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 56 inflammation inflammation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 57 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 58 exposure exposure NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 59 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 60 CS CS NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 61 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 62 air air NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 63 pollution pollution NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 64 could could MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 65 interfere interfere VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 66 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 67 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 68 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 69 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 70 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 71 signaling signaling NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 72 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 73 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 74 degradation degradation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 75 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 76 activation activation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 77 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 78 affecting affect VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 79 expression expression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 80 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 81 VDR VDR NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 82 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 83 CYP24A1 CYP24A1 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 84 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 85 CYP27B1 cyp27b1 NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 86 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 87 respectively respectively RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 275 88 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 276 1 These these DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 276 2 findings finding NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 276 3 indicate indicate VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 276 4 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 276 5 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 276 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 276 7 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 276 8 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 276 9 levels level NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 276 10 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 276 11 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 276 12 activities activity NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 276 13 on on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 276 14 airway airway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 276 15 mucosa mucosa NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 276 16 might may MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 276 17 be be VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 276 18 impaired impair VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 276 19 especially especially RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 276 20 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 276 21 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 276 22 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 276 23 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 276 24 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 276 25 exposures exposure NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 276 26 to to TO cord-321401-w4ne60fn 276 27 cigarette cigarette NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 276 28 smoke smoke NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 276 29 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 276 30 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 276 31 such such JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 276 32 as as IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 276 33 TNF TNF NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 276 34 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 276 35 α α NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 276 36 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 276 37 IL-1β IL-1β NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 276 38 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 276 39 IL-17A IL-17A NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 276 40 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 276 41 TGF TGF NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 276 42 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 276 43 β1 β1 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 276 44 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 277 1 This this DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 277 2 suggests suggest VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 277 3 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 277 4 even even RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 277 5 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 277 6 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 277 7 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 277 8 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 277 9 25(OH)D 25(oh)d CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 277 10 serum serum NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 277 11 levels level NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 277 12 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 277 13 local local JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 277 14 activity activity NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 277 15 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 277 16 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 277 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 277 18 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 277 19 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 277 20 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 277 21 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 277 22 lungs lung NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 277 23 can can MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 277 24 be be VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 277 25 improved improve VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 277 26 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 278 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 278 2 have have VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 278 3 to to TO cord-321401-w4ne60fn 278 4 start start VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 278 5 generating generate VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 278 6 more more JJR cord-321401-w4ne60fn 278 7 information information NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 278 8 on on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 278 9 both both CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 278 10 systemic systemic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 278 11 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 278 12 local local JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 278 13 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 278 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 278 15 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 278 16 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 278 17 levels level NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 278 18 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 278 19 gene gene NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 278 20 expression expression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 278 21 signatures signature NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 278 22 related relate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 278 23 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 278 24 25(OH)D 25(oh)d CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 278 25 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 278 26 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 278 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 278 28 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 278 29 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 278 30 metabolism metabolism NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 278 31 or or CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 278 32 responses response NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 278 33 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 278 34 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 278 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 278 36 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 278 37 other other JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 278 38 chronic chronic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 278 39 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 278 40 diseases disease NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 278 41 that that WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 278 42 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 278 43 related relate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 278 44 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 278 45 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 278 46 D D NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 278 47 deficiency deficiency NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 278 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 278 49 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 278 50 both both CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 278 51 at at IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 278 52 baseline baseline NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 278 53 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 278 54 after after IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 278 55 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 278 56 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 278 57 supplementation supplementation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 278 58 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 279 1 This this DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 279 2 information information NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 279 3 could could MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 279 4 lead lead VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 279 5 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 279 6 improved improve VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 279 7 treatment treatment NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 279 8 strategies strategy NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 279 9 that that WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 279 10 enhance enhance VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 279 11 local local JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 279 12 efficacy efficacy NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 279 13 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 279 14 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 279 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 279 16 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 279 17 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 279 18 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 279 19 using use VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 279 20 e.g. e.g. RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 279 21 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 279 22 specific specific JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 279 23 CYP24A1-inhibitors cyp24a1-inhibitor NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 279 24 such such JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 279 25 as as IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 279 26 VID400 VID400 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 279 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 279 28 182 182 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 279 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 279 30 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 280 1 Alternatively alternatively RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 280 2 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 280 3 degradation degradation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 280 4 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 280 5 CYP24A1 CYP24A1 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 280 6 could could MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 280 7 be be VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 280 8 prevented prevent VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 280 9 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 280 10 using use VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 280 11 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 280 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 280 13 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 280 14 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 280 15 analogs analog NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 280 16 that that WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 280 17 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 280 18 insensitive insensitive JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 280 19 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 280 20 CYP24A1-mediated cyp24a1-mediated JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 280 21 degradation degradation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 280 22 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 280 23 such such JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 280 24 as as IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 280 25 sulfone sulfone NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 280 26 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 280 27 sulfoximine sulfoximine JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 280 28 derivatives derivative NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 280 29 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 280 30 that that WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 280 31 also also RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 280 32 act act VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 280 33 as as IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 280 34 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 280 35 VDR VDR NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 280 36 agonist agonist NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 280 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 280 38 183 183 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 280 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 280 40 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 281 1 A a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 281 2 third third JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 281 3 option option NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 281 4 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 281 5 to to TO cord-321401-w4ne60fn 281 6 entail entail VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 281 7 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 281 8 use use NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 281 9 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 281 10 combination combination NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 281 11 treatment treatment NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 281 12 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 281 13 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 281 14 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 281 15 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 281 16 anti anti JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 281 17 - - JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 281 18 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 281 19 or or CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 281 20 certain certain JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 281 21 anti anti JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 281 22 - - JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 281 23 fibrotic fibrotic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 281 24 drugs drug NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 281 25 that that WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 281 26 target target VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 281 27 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 281 28 / / SYM cord-321401-w4ne60fn 281 29 proteins protein NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 281 30 that that WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 281 31 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 281 32 known know VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 281 33 to to TO cord-321401-w4ne60fn 281 34 potentially potentially RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 281 35 decrease decrease VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 281 36 local local JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 281 37 levels level NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 281 38 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 281 39 signaling signaling NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 281 40 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 281 41 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 281 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 281 43 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 281 44 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 281 45 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 281 46 inducing induce VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 281 47 expression expression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 281 48 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 281 49 CYP24A1 CYP24A1 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 281 50 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 281 51 48 48 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 281 52 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 281 53 184 184 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 281 54 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 281 55 185 185 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 281 56 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 281 57 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 282 1 When when WRB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 282 2 considering consider VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 282 3 such such JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 282 4 strategies strategy NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 282 5 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 282 6 it -PRON- PRP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 282 7 should should MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 282 8 be be VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 282 9 noted note VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 282 10 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 282 11 these these DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 282 12 may may MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 282 13 enhance enhance VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 282 14 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 282 15 calcemic calcemic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 282 16 side side NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 282 17 effects effect NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 282 18 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 282 19 lead lead VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 282 20 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 282 21 unwanted unwanted JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 282 22 inhibition inhibition NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 282 23 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 282 24 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 282 25 immune immune JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 282 26 system system NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 282 27 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 283 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 283 2 therefore therefore RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 283 3 need need VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 283 4 to to TO cord-321401-w4ne60fn 283 5 carefully carefully RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 283 6 analyze analyze VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 283 7 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 283 8 preclinical preclinical JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 283 9 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 283 10 vivo vivo NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 283 11 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 283 12 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 283 13 vitro vitro FW cord-321401-w4ne60fn 283 14 studies study NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 283 15 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 283 16 balance balance VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 283 17 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 283 18 pros pro NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 283 19 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 283 20 cons con NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 283 21 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 283 22 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 283 23 different different JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 283 24 strategies strategy NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 283 25 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 284 1 In in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 284 2 conclusion conclusion NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 284 3 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 284 4 future future JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 284 5 studies study NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 284 6 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 284 7 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 284 8 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 284 9 but but CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 284 10 also also RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 284 11 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 284 12 other other JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 284 13 chronic chronic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 284 14 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 284 15 diseases disease NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 284 16 that that WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 284 17 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 284 18 related relate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 284 19 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 284 20 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 284 21 D D NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 284 22 deficiency deficiency NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 284 23 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 284 24 should should MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 284 25 be be VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 284 26 designed design VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 284 27 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 284 28 more more JJR cord-321401-w4ne60fn 284 29 focus focus NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 284 30 on on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 284 31 assessing assess VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 284 32 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 284 33 improving improve VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 284 34 local local JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 284 35 levels level NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 284 36 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 284 37 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 284 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 284 39 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 284 40 D. D. NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 285 1 These these DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 285 2 new new JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 285 3 insights insight NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 285 4 may may MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 285 5 lead lead VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 285 6 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 285 7 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 285 8 development development NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 285 9 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 285 10 new new JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 285 11 treatment treatment NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 285 12 strategies strategy NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 285 13 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 285 14 such such JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 285 15 as as IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 285 16 those those DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 285 17 targeting target VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 285 18 CYP24A1 CYP24A1 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 285 19 to to TO cord-321401-w4ne60fn 285 20 enhance enhance VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 285 21 local local JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 285 22 1,25(OH 1,25(oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 285 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 285 24 2 2 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 285 25 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 285 26 resulting result VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 285 27 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 285 28 improved improved JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 285 29 homeostasis homeostasis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 285 30 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 285 31 protection protection NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 285 32 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 285 33 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 285 34 airway airway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 285 35 mucosa mucosa NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 285 36 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 285 37 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 285 38 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 285 39 chronic chronic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 285 40 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 285 41 lung lung NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 285 42 diseases disease NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 285 43 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 286 1 JS JS NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 286 2 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 286 3 AD ad NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 286 4 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 286 5 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 286 6 PH ph NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 286 7 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 286 8 Conception conception NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 286 9 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 286 10 design design NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 286 11 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 287 1 JS JS NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 287 2 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 288 1 Analyzing analyze VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 288 2 literature literature NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 288 3 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 288 4 drafting draft VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 288 5 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 288 6 manuscript manuscript NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 288 7 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 289 1 AD ad NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 289 2 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 289 3 PH ph NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 289 4 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 289 5 Revision revision NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 289 6 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 289 7 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 289 8 manuscript manuscript NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 289 9 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 290 1 All all DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 290 2 authors author NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 290 3 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 290 4 reviewed review VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 290 5 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 290 6 manuscript manuscript NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 290 7 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 290 8 agree agree VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 290 9 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 290 10 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 290 11 submission submission NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 290 12 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 291 1 This this DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 291 2 study study NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 291 3 was be VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 291 4 supported support VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 291 5 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 291 6 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 291 7 grant grant NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 291 8 from from IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 291 9 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 291 10 Lung Lung NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 291 11 Foundation Foundation NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 291 12 Netherlands Netherlands NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 291 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 291 14 grant grant NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 291 15 # # NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 291 16 5.1.13.033 5.1.13.033 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 291 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 291 18 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 291 19 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 291 20 Marie Marie NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 291 21 Curie Curie NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 291 22 Global Global NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 291 23 Fellowship Fellowship NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 291 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 291 25 grant grant NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 291 26 # # $ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 291 27 748569 748569 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 291 28 -EpiCBiome -epicbiome CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 291 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 291 30 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 292 1 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 292 2 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 292 3 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 292 4 human human JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 292 5 health health NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 292 6 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 292 7 lessons lesson NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 292 8 from from IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 292 9 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 292 10 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 292 11 receptor receptor NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 293 1 null null JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 293 2 mice mouse NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 294 1 Large large JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 294 2 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 294 3 scale scale NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 294 4 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 294 5 silico silico NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 294 6 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 294 7 microarray microarray NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 294 8 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 294 9 based base VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 294 10 identification identification NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 294 11 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 294 12 direct direct JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 294 13 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 294 14 D3 D3 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 294 15 target target NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 294 16 genes gene NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 294 17 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 294 18 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 294 19 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 294 20 metabolism metabolism NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 294 21 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 294 22 molecular molecular JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 294 23 mechanism mechanism NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 294 24 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 294 25 action action NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 294 26 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 294 27 pleiotropic pleiotropic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 294 28 effects effect NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 295 1 The the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 295 2 turnover turnover NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 295 3 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 295 4 transport transport NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 295 5 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 295 6 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 295 7 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 295 8 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 295 9 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 295 10 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 295 11 polar polar JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 295 12 metabolite metabolite NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 295 13 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 295 14 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 295 15 properties property NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 295 16 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 295 17 25-hydroxycholecalciferol 25-hydroxycholecalciferol CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 295 18 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 295 19 human human JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 295 20 plasma plasma NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 295 21 Treatment Treatment NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 295 22 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 295 23 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 295 24 prevention prevention NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 295 25 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 295 26 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 295 27 D D NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 295 28 deficiency deficiency NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 295 29 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 295 30 an an DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 295 31 endocrine endocrine JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 295 32 society society NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 295 33 clinical clinical JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 295 34 practice practice NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 295 35 guideline guideline NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 296 1 The the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 296 2 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 296 3 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 296 4 deficiency deficiency NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 296 5 pandemic pandemic NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 296 6 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 296 7 approaches approach NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 296 8 for for IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 296 9 diagnosis diagnosis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 296 10 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 296 11 treatment treatment NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 296 12 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 296 13 prevention prevention NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 297 1 The the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 297 2 role role NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 297 3 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 297 4 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 297 5 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 297 6 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 297 7 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 297 8 disease disease NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 297 9 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 297 10 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 297 11 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 297 12 asthma asthma NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 297 13 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 297 14 infection infection NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 297 15 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 297 16 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 297 17 cancer cancer NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 298 1 The the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 298 2 association association NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 298 3 between between IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 298 4 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 298 5 D D NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 298 6 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 298 7 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 298 8 risk risk NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 298 9 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 298 10 severity severity NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 298 11 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 298 12 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 298 13 exacerbation exacerbation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 298 14 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 298 15 an an DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 298 16 updated update VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 298 17 systematic systematic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 298 18 review review NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 298 19 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 298 20 meta meta NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 298 21 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 298 22 analysis analysis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 298 23 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 298 24 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 298 25 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 298 26 asthma asthma NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 298 27 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 298 28 life life NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 298 29 after after IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 298 30 VIDA VIDA NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 298 31 ? ? . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 1 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 2 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 3 deficiency deficiency NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 4 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 5 highly highly RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 6 prevalent prevalent JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 7 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 8 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 9 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 10 correlates correlate VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 11 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 12 variants variant NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 13 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 14 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 15 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 16 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 17 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 18 binding bind VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 19 gene gene NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 20 Chronic Chronic NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 21 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 22 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 23 disease disease NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 24 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 25 associated associate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 26 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 27 low low JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 28 levels level NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 29 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 30 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 31 D D NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 32 Associations association NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 33 between between IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 34 25-hydroxy 25-hydroxy CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 35 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 36 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 37 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 38 levels level NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 39 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 40 lung lung NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 41 function function NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 42 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 43 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 44 exacerbation exacerbation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 45 outcomes outcome NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 46 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 47 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 48 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 49 an an DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 50 analysis analysis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 51 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 52 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 53 SPIROMICS SPIROMICS NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 54 cohort cohort NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 55 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 56 D D NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 57 deficiency deficiency NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 58 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 59 what what WP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 60 does do VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 61 it -PRON- PRP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 62 mean mean VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 63 for for IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 64 chronic chronic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 65 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 66 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 67 disease disease NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 68 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 69 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 70 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 299 71 ? ? . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 300 1 A a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 300 2 compherensive compherensive JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 300 3 review review NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 300 4 for for IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 300 5 pulmonologists pulmonologists NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 300 6 Vitamin Vitamin NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 300 7 D D NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 300 8 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 300 9 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 300 10 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 300 11 binding bind VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 300 12 protein protein NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 300 13 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 300 14 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 300 15 longitudinal longitudinal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 300 16 outcomes outcome NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 300 17 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 300 18 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 1 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 2 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 3 deficiency deficiency NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 4 causes cause VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 5 deficits deficit NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 6 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 7 lung lung NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 8 function function NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 9 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 10 alters alter VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 11 lung lung NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 12 structure structure NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 13 Childhood Childhood NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 14 lung lung NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 15 function function NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 16 predicts predict VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 17 adult adult NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 18 chronic chronic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 19 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 20 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 21 disease disease NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 22 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 23 asthma asthma NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 24 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 25 chronic chronic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 26 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 27 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 28 disease disease NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 29 overlap overlap VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 30 syndrome syndrome NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 31 Prenatal prenatal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 32 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 33 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 34 supplementation supplementation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 35 reduces reduce VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 36 risk risk NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 37 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 38 asthma asthma NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 39 / / SYM cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 40 recurrent recurrent JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 41 wheeze wheeze NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 42 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 43 early early JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 44 childhood childhood NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 45 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 46 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 47 combined combine VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 48 analysis analysis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 49 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 50 two two CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 51 randomized randomized JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 52 controlled control VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 53 trials trial NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 54 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 55 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 56 related relate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 57 genes gene NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 58 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 59 lung lung NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 60 development development NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 61 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 62 asthma asthma NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 301 63 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 302 1 The the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 302 2 role role NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 302 3 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 302 4 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 302 5 17q21 17q21 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 302 6 genotype genotype NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 302 7 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 302 8 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 302 9 prevention prevention NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 302 10 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 302 11 early early JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 302 12 childhood childhood NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 302 13 asthma asthma NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 302 14 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 302 15 recurrent recurrent JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 302 16 wheeze wheeze NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 302 17 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 302 18 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 302 19 D D NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 302 20 Factors factor NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 302 21 influencing influence VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 302 22 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 302 23 infant infant NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 302 24 gut gut NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 302 25 microbiome microbiome NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 302 26 at at IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 302 27 age age NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 302 28 3 3 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 302 29 - - SYM cord-321401-w4ne60fn 302 30 6 6 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 302 31 months month NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 302 32 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 302 33 findings finding NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 302 34 from from IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 302 35 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 302 36 ethnically ethnically RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 302 37 diverse diverse JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 302 38 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 302 39 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 302 40 Antenatal Antenatal NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 302 41 Asthma Asthma NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 302 42 Reduction Reduction NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 302 43 Trial Trial NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 302 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 302 45 VDAART VDAART NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 302 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 303 1 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 303 2 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 303 3 deficiency deficiency NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 303 4 exacerbates exacerbate VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 303 5 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 303 6 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 303 7 like like JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 303 8 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 303 9 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 303 10 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 303 11 lungs lung NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 303 12 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 303 13 cigarette cigarette NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 303 14 smoke smoke NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 303 15 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 303 16 exposed expose VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 303 17 mice mouse NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 303 18 Pulmonary Pulmonary NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 303 19 administration administration NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 303 20 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 303 21 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 303 22 D3 D3 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 303 23 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 303 24 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 303 25 lungs lung NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 303 26 induces induce VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 303 27 alveolar alveolar JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 303 28 regeneration regeneration NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 303 29 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 303 30 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 303 31 mouse mouse NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 303 32 model model NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 303 33 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 303 34 chronic chronic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 303 35 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 303 36 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 303 37 disease disease NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 303 38 Role role NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 303 39 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 303 40 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 303 41 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 303 42 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 303 43 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 303 44 bowel bowel NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 303 45 disease disease NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 304 1 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 304 2 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 304 3 supplementation supplementation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 304 4 to to TO cord-321401-w4ne60fn 304 5 prevent prevent VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 304 6 asthma asthma NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 304 7 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 304 8 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 1 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 2 systematic systematic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 3 review review NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 4 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 5 meta meta NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 6 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 7 analysis analysis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 8 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 9 individual individual JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 10 participant participant NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 11 data datum NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 12 Airway airway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 13 epithelium epithelium NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 14 dysfunction dysfunction NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 15 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 16 cystic cystic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 17 fibrosis fibrosis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 18 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 19 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 20 Mend mend VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 21 your -PRON- PRP$ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 22 fences fence NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 23 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 24 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 25 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 26 barrier barrier NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 27 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 28 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 29 relationship relationship NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 30 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 31 mucosal mucosal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 32 immunity immunity NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 33 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 34 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 35 bowel bowel NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 36 disease disease NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 37 Airway airway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 38 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 39 barrier barrier NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 40 function function NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 41 regulates regulate VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 42 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 43 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 44 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 45 allergic allergic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 46 asthma asthma NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 47 Modulation modulation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 48 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 49 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 50 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 51 immune immune JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 52 responses response NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 53 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 54 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 55 D D NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 56 Innate Innate NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 57 immune immune JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 58 modulation modulation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 59 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 60 chronic chronic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 61 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 62 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 63 disease disease NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 64 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 65 moving move VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 66 closer close RBR cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 67 toward toward IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 68 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 69 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 70 therapy therapy NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 71 Intestinal intestinal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 72 absorption absorption NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 73 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 74 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 75 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 76 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 77 from from IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 78 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 79 meal meal NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 80 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 81 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 305 82 enterocyte enterocyte NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 1 The the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 2 cutaneous cutaneous JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 3 photosynthesis photosynthesis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 4 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 5 previtamin previtamin NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 6 D3 D3 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 7 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 8 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 9 unique unique JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 10 photoendocrine photoendocrine NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 11 system system NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 12 Induction Induction NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 13 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 14 CFTR CFTR NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 15 gene gene NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 16 expression expression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 17 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 18 1,25(OH)2 1,25(oh)2 JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 19 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 20 D3 D3 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 21 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 22 25OH 25oh CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 23 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 24 D3 D3 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 25 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 26 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 27 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 28 D3 D3 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 29 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 30 cultured cultured JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 31 human human JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 32 airway airway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 33 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 34 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 35 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 36 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 37 mouse mouse NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 38 airways airways NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 39 UVB UVB NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 40 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 41 induced induce VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 42 1,25(OH)2D3 1,25(oh)2d3 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 43 production production NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 44 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 45 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 46 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 47 activity activity NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 48 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 49 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 50 CaCo-2 CaCo-2 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 51 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 52 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 53 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 54 THP-1 THP-1 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 55 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 56 pretreated pretreate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 57 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 58 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 59 sterol sterol NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 60 Delta7-reductase Delta7-reductase NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 61 inhibitor inhibitor NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 62 Holick Holick NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 63 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 64 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 65 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 66 synthesis synthesis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 67 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 68 metabolism metabolism NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 69 after after IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 70 ultraviolet ultraviolet NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 71 irradiation irradiation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 72 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 73 normal normal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 74 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 75 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 76 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 77 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 78 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 79 deficient deficient JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 80 subjects subject NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 81 Immune immune VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 82 regulation regulation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 83 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 84 25-hydroxyvitamin 25-hydroxyvitamin CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 85 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 86 D3 d3 NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 87 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 88 1α 1α CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 89 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 90 hydroxylase hydroxylase NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 91 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 92 human human JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 93 monocytes monocyte NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 94 Extrarenal extrarenal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 95 expression expression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 96 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 97 25-hydroxyvitamin 25-hydroxyvitamin CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 98 D3 D3 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 99 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 100 1α 1α CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 101 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 102 hydroxylase1 hydroxylase1 NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 103 Regulation regulation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 104 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 105 extrarenal extrarenal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 106 synthesis synthesis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 107 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 108 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 109 D3 D3 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 110 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 306 111 -relevance -relevance NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 307 1 for for IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 307 2 colonic colonic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 307 3 cancer cancer NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 307 4 prevention prevention NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 307 5 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 307 6 therapy therapy NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 307 7 Respiratory respiratory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 307 8 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 307 9 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 307 10 convert convert VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 307 11 inactive inactive JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 307 12 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 307 13 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 307 14 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 307 15 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 307 16 active active JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 307 17 form form NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 307 18 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 308 1 potential potential JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 308 2 effects effect NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 308 3 on on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 308 4 host host NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 308 5 defense defense NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 308 6 T t NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 308 7 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 308 8 cell cell NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 308 9 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 308 10 differentially differentially RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 308 11 control control VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 308 12 human human JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 308 13 monocyte monocyte NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 308 14 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 308 15 responses response NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 308 16 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 308 17 regulating regulate VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 308 18 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 308 19 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 308 20 metabolism metabolism NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 308 21 1 1 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 308 22 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 309 1 25-dihydroxyvitamin 25-dihydroxyvitamin CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 309 2 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 309 3 production production NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 309 4 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 309 5 receptor receptor NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 309 6 binding bind VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 309 7 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 309 8 human human JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 309 9 keratinocytes keratinocyte NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 309 10 varies vary VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 309 11 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 309 12 differentiation differentiation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 309 13 Where where WRB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 309 14 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 309 15 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 309 16 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 309 17 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 309 18 receptor receptor NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 309 19 ? ? . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 310 1 VDR VDR NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 310 2 activation activation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 310 3 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 310 4 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 310 5 signaling signal VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 310 6 pathways pathway NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 310 7 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 310 8 skeletal skeletal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 310 9 muscle muscle NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 310 10 Immunochemical Immunochemical NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 310 11 identification identification NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 310 12 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 310 13 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 310 14 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 310 15 D3 D3 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 310 16 receptor receptor NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 310 17 protein protein NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 310 18 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 310 19 human human JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 310 20 heart heart NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 310 21 Expression Expression NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 310 22 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 310 23 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 310 24 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 310 25 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 310 26 receptor receptor NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 310 27 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 310 28 increased increase VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 310 29 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 310 30 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 310 31 hypertrophic hypertrophic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 310 32 heart heart NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 311 1 The the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 311 2 normal normal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 311 3 liver liver NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 311 4 harbors harbor VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 311 5 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 311 6 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 311 7 D D NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 311 8 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 311 9 receptor receptor NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 311 10 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 311 11 nonparenchymal nonparenchymal NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 311 12 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 311 13 biliary biliary JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 311 14 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 311 15 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 311 16 Regulation regulation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 311 17 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 311 18 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 311 19 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 311 20 D D NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 311 21 receptor receptor NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 311 22 gene gene NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 311 23 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 311 24 environment environment NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 311 25 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 311 26 genetics genetics NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 311 27 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 311 28 epigenetics epigenetic NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 312 1 The the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 312 2 impact impact NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 312 3 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 312 4 VDR VDR NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 312 5 expression expression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 312 6 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 312 7 regulation regulation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 312 8 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 312 9 vivo vivo NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 312 10 VDR VDR NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 312 11 activity activity NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 312 12 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 312 13 differentially differentially RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 312 14 affected affect VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 312 15 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 312 16 Hic-5 Hic-5 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 312 17 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 312 18 prostate prostate NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 312 19 cancer cancer NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 312 20 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 312 21 stromal stromal NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 312 22 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 312 23 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 312 24 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 312 25 receptor receptor NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 312 26 as as IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 312 27 an an DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 312 28 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 312 29 bile bile NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 312 30 acid acid NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 312 31 sensor sensor NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 312 32 25-Hydroxyvitamin 25-hydroxyvitamin CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 312 33 D-24-hydroxylase d-24-hydroxylase NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 313 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 313 2 CYP24A1 CYP24A1 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 313 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 313 4 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 314 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 314 2 important important JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 314 3 role role NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 314 4 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 314 5 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 314 6 degradation degradation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 314 7 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 314 8 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 314 9 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 314 10 Interplay interplay NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 314 11 between between IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 314 12 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 314 13 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 314 14 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 314 15 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 314 16 drug drug NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 314 17 metabolizing metabolize VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 314 18 enzyme enzyme NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 314 19 CYP3A4 CYP3A4 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 314 20 Dual dual JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 314 21 metabolic metabolic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 314 22 pathway pathway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 314 23 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 314 24 25-hydroxyvitamin 25-hydroxyvitamin CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 314 25 D3 D3 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 314 26 catalyzed catalyze VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 314 27 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 314 28 human human JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 314 29 CYP24 cyp24 NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 315 1 Current current JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 315 2 understanding understanding NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 315 3 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 315 4 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 315 5 molecular molecular JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 315 6 actions action NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 315 7 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 315 8 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 315 9 D D NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 315 10 Chapter Chapter NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 315 11 six six CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 315 12 -25-Hydroxyvitamin -25-Hydroxyvitamin NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 315 13 D3 D3 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 315 14 24-Hydroxylase 24-hydroxylase CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 315 15 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 315 16 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 315 17 key key JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 315 18 regulator regulator NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 315 19 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 315 20 1,25(OH)2D3 1,25(oh)2d3 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 315 21 catabolism catabolism NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 315 22 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 315 23 calcium calcium NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 315 24 homeostasis homeostasis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 315 25 Metabolic metabolic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 315 26 pathways pathway NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 315 27 from from IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 315 28 1 1 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 315 29 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 315 30 D3 D3 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 315 31 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 315 32 1 1 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 315 33 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 315 34 D3 D3 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 315 35 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 315 36 26,23-lactone 26,23-lactone NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 315 37 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 316 1 Stereo stereo NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 316 2 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 316 3 retained retain VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 316 4 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 316 5 stereo stereo NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 316 6 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 316 7 selective selective JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 316 8 lactonization lactonization NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 317 1 Calcitroic Calcitroic NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 317 2 acid acid NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 317 3 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 317 4 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 317 5 major major JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 317 6 catabolic catabolic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 317 7 metabolite metabolite NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 317 8 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 317 9 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 317 10 metabolism metabolism NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 317 11 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 317 12 1α 1α CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 317 13 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 317 14 dihydroxyvitamin dihydroxyvitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 317 15 D2 D2 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 317 16 Endocrine Endocrine NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 317 17 functions function NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 317 18 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 317 19 bone bone NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 317 20 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 317 21 mineral mineral NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 317 22 metabolism metabolism NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 317 23 regulation regulation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 318 1 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 318 2 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 318 3 increases increase VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 318 4 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 318 5 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 318 6 activity activity NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 318 7 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 318 8 bronchial bronchial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 318 9 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 318 10 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 318 11 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 318 12 vitro vitro FW cord-321401-w4ne60fn 318 13 Effects effect NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 318 14 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 318 15 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 318 16 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 318 17 on on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 318 18 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 318 19 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 318 20 oxidative oxidative JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 318 21 stress stress NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 318 22 responses response NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 318 23 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 318 24 human human JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 318 25 bronchial bronchial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 318 26 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 318 27 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 318 28 exposed expose VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 318 29 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 318 30 particulate particulate NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 318 31 matter matter NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 318 32 Allergen allergen NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 318 33 specific specific JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 318 34 immunotherapy immunotherapy NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 318 35 enhanced enhance VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 318 36 defense defense NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 318 37 against against IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 318 38 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 318 39 via via IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 318 40 TGF TGF NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 318 41 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 318 42 β1-induced β1-induce VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 318 43 CYP27B1 cyp27b1 NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 318 44 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 318 45 asthma asthma NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 319 1 Proinflammatory proinflammatory NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 319 2 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 319 3 impair impair VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 319 4 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 319 5 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 319 6 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 319 7 induced induce VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 319 8 host host NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 319 9 defense defense NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 319 10 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 319 11 cultured cultured JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 319 12 airway airway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 319 13 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 319 14 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 320 1 TGF TGF NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 320 2 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 320 3 beta1 beta1 NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 320 4 impairs impair VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 320 5 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 320 6 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 320 7 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 320 8 induced induce VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 320 9 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 320 10 constitutive constitutive JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 320 11 airway airway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 1 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 2 host host NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 3 defense defense NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 4 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 5 Cigarette Cigarette NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 6 smoke smoke VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 7 exposure exposure NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 8 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 9 associated associate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 10 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 11 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 12 D3 D3 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 13 deficiencies deficiency NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 14 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 15 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 16 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 17 chronic chronic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 18 rhinosinusitis rhinosinusitis NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 19 Effect Effect NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 20 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 21 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 22 D(3 D(3 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 24 on on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 25 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 26 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 27 activity activity NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 28 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 29 human human JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 30 airway airway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 31 surface surface NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 32 liquid liquid NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 33 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 34 preliminary preliminary JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 35 results result NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 36 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 37 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 38 randomised randomised JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 39 placebocontrolled placebocontrolled JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 40 double double JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 41 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 42 blind blind JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 43 trial trial NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 44 The the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 45 effect effect NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 46 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 47 aspergillus aspergillus NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 48 fumigatus fumigatus NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 49 infection infection NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 50 on on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 51 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 52 D D NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 53 receptor receptor NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 54 expression expression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 55 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 56 cystic cystic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 57 fibrosis fibrosis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 58 Inhibition Inhibition NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 59 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 60 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 61 d d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 62 receptor receptor NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 63 translocation translocation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 64 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 65 cigarette cigarette NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 66 smoking smoking NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 67 extracts extract NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 68 Microbiota Microbiota NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 69 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 70 dependent dependent JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 71 induction induction NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 72 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 73 colonic colonic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 321 74 Cyp27b1 Cyp27b1 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 1 Is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 2 associated associate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 3 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 4 colonic colonic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 5 inflammation inflammation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 6 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 7 implications implication NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 8 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 9 locally locally RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 10 produced produce VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 11 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 12 D3 D3 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 13 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 14 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 15 regulation regulation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 16 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 17 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 18 colon colon NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 19 Ancient Ancient NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 20 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 21 receptor receptor NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 22 VDR VDR NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 23 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 24 new new JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 25 functions function NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 26 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 27 microbiome microbiome NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 28 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 29 inflammation inflammation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 30 Role role NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 31 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 32 proinflammatory proinflammatory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 33 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 34 on on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 35 expression expression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 36 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 37 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 38 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 39 metabolism metabolism NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 40 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 41 target target VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 42 genes gene NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 43 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 44 colon colon NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 45 cancer cancer NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 46 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 47 Regulation regulation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 48 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 49 CYP27B1 cyp27b1 NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 50 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 51 CYP24A1 cyp24a1 NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 52 gene gene NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 53 expression expression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 54 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 55 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 56 pro pro JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 57 - - JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 58 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 59 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 60 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 61 cultured cultured JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 62 human human JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 322 63 trophoblasts trophoblast NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 323 1 Toll toll NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 323 2 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 323 3 like like JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 323 4 receptor receptor NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 323 5 8 8 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 323 6 ligands ligand NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 323 7 activate activate VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 323 8 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 323 9 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 323 10 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 323 11 mediated mediate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 323 12 autophagic autophagic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 323 13 response response NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 323 14 that that WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 323 15 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 323 16 human human JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 323 17 immunodeficiency immunodeficiency NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 323 18 virus virus NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 323 19 type type NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 324 1 1 1 LS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 324 2 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 324 3 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 324 4 modulates modulate VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 324 5 antibacterial antibacterial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 324 6 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 324 7 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 324 8 response response NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 324 9 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 324 10 human human JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 324 11 cigarette cigarette NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 324 12 smoke smoke NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 324 13 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 324 14 exposed expose VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 324 15 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 325 1 The the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 325 2 aryl aryl NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 325 3 hydrocarbon hydrocarbon NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 325 4 receptor receptor NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 325 5 activator activator NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 325 6 benzo[a]pyrene benzo[a]pyrene NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 325 7 enhances enhance VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 325 8 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 325 9 d3 d3 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 325 10 catabolism catabolism NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 325 11 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 325 12 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 325 13 Toll toll NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 325 14 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 325 15 Like like JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 325 16 receptor receptor NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 325 17 triggering triggering NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 325 18 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 325 19 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 325 20 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 325 21 d d XX cord-321401-w4ne60fn 325 22 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 325 23 mediated mediate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 325 24 human human JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 325 25 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 325 26 response response NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 325 27 Vitamin Vitamin NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 325 28 d d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 325 29 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 325 30 directed direct VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 325 31 rheostatic rheostatic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 325 32 regulation regulation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 325 33 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 325 34 monocyte monocyte NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 325 35 antibacterial antibacterial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 325 36 responses response NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 325 37 IL-15 IL-15 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 325 38 links link VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 325 39 TLR2/1-induced tlr2/1-induced CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 325 40 macrophage macrophage NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 325 41 differentiation differentiation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 325 42 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 325 43 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 325 44 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 325 45 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 325 46 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 325 47 dependent dependent JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 325 48 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 325 49 pathway pathway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 325 50 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 325 51 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 326 1 promotes promote VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 326 2 pneumococcal pneumococcal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 326 3 killing killing NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 326 4 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 326 5 modulates modulate VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 326 6 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 326 7 responses response NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 326 8 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 326 9 primary primary JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 326 10 human human JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 326 11 neutrophils neutrophil NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 326 12 Human Human NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 326 13 T T NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 326 14 lymphocytes lymphocyte NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 327 1 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 327 2 direct direct JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 327 3 targets target NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 327 4 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 327 5 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 327 6 D3 D3 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 327 7 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 327 8 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 327 9 immune immune JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 327 10 system system NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 327 11 Modulatory modulatory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 327 12 effects effect NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 327 13 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 327 14 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 327 15 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 327 16 3 3 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 327 17 on on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 327 18 human human JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 327 19 B b NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 327 20 cell cell NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 327 21 differentiation differentiation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 327 22 In in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 327 23 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 327 24 shadow shadow NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 327 25 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 327 26 fibrosis fibrosis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 327 27 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 328 1 innate innate JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 328 2 immune immune JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 328 3 suppression suppression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 328 4 mediated mediate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 328 5 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 328 6 transforming transform VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 328 7 growth growth NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 328 8 factor factor NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 328 9 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 328 10 β β NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 328 11 Targeting target VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 328 12 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 328 13 to to TO cord-321401-w4ne60fn 328 14 treat treat VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 328 15 asthma asthma NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 328 16 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 328 17 chronic chronic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 328 18 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 328 19 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 328 20 disease disease NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 328 21 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 328 22 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 328 23 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 328 24 defining define VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 328 25 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 328 26 cause cause NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 328 27 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 328 28 prevention prevention NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 328 29 Phenotypic phenotypic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 328 30 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 328 31 genetic genetic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 328 32 aspects aspect NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 328 33 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 328 34 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 328 35 barrier barrier NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 328 36 function function NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 328 37 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 328 38 asthmatic asthmatic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 328 39 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 329 1 Recent recent JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 329 2 advances advance NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 329 3 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 329 4 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 329 5 understanding understanding NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 329 6 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 329 7 management management NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 329 8 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 329 9 cystic cystic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 329 10 fibrosis fibrosis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 329 11 pulmonary pulmonary NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 329 12 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 1 Interleukin interleukin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 2 13 13 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 3 exposure exposure NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 4 enhances enhance VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 5 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 6 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 7 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 8 mediated mediate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 9 expression expression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 10 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 11 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 12 human human JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 13 cathelicidin cathelicidin NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 14 antimicrobial antimicrobial NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 15 peptide peptide NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 16 18 18 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 17 / / SYM cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 18 LL-37 LL-37 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 19 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 20 bronchial bronchial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 21 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 22 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 23 Association Association NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 24 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 25 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 26 D D NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 27 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 28 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 29 peptide peptide NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 30 production production NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 31 during during IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 32 late late JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 33 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 34 phase phase NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 35 allergic allergic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 36 responses response NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 37 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 38 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 39 lung lung NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 40 Low Low NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 41 serum serum NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 42 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 43 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 44 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 45 status status NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 46 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 47 air air NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 48 pollution pollution NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 49 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 50 obesity obesity NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 51 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 52 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 53 dangerous dangerous JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 54 liaison liaison NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 55 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 56 D D NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 57 prevents prevent VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 58 experimental experimental JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 59 lung lung NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 60 fibrosis fibrosis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 61 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 62 predicts predict VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 63 survival survival NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 64 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 65 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 66 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 67 idiopathic idiopathic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 68 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 69 fibrosis fibrosis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 70 Reduced reduce VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 71 sinonasal sinonasal NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 72 levels level NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 73 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 74 1alpha 1alpha CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 75 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 76 hydroxylase hydroxylase NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 77 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 78 associated associate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 79 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 80 worse bad JJR cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 81 quality quality NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 82 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 83 life life NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 84 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 85 chronic chronic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 86 rhinosinusitis rhinosinusitis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 87 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 88 nasal nasal NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 89 polyps polyp NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 90 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 91 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 92 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 93 musculoskeletal musculoskeletal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 94 health health NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 95 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 96 cardiovascular cardiovascular JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 97 disease disease NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 98 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 99 autoimmunity autoimmunity NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 100 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 101 cancer cancer NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 102 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 103 recommendations recommendation NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 104 for for IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 105 clinical clinical JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 106 practice practice NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 107 Review Review NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 108 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 109 The the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 110 role role NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 111 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 112 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 113 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 114 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 115 nervous nervous JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 116 system system NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 117 health health NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 118 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 119 disease disease NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 120 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 121 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 122 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 123 autoimmunity autoimmunity NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 124 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 125 molecular molecular JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 126 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 127 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 128 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 129 potential potential NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 330 130 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 1 Front Front NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 2 Immunol Immunol NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 3 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 4 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 5 cell cell NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 6 signalling signal VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 7 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 8 health health NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 9 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 10 disease disease NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 11 Airway airway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 12 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 13 barrier barrier NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 14 dysfunction dysfunction NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 15 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 16 chronic chronic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 17 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 18 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 19 disease disease NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 20 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 21 role role NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 22 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 23 cigarette cigarette NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 24 smoke smoke NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 25 exposure exposure NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 26 25-Dihydroxyvitamin 25-dihydroxyvitamin CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 27 D3 D3 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 28 counteracts counteract VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 29 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 30 effects effect NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 31 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 32 cigarette cigarette NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 33 smoke smoke NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 34 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 35 airway airway JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 36 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 37 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 38 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 39 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 40 / / SYM cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 41 VDR VDR NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 42 signaling signal VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 43 attenuates attenuate VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 44 lipopolysaccharide lipopolysaccharide NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 45 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 46 induced induce VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 47 acute acute JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 48 lung lung NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 49 injury injury NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 50 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 51 maintaining maintain VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 52 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 53 integrity integrity NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 54 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 55 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 56 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 57 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 58 barrier barrier NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 59 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 60 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 61 supplementation supplementation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 62 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 63 initially initially RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 64 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 65 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 66 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 67 deficient deficient JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 68 mice mice NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 69 diminishes diminish VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 70 lung lung NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 71 inflammation inflammation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 72 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 73 limited limited JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 74 effects effect NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 75 on on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 76 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 77 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 78 integrity integrity NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 79 Inflammation inflammation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 80 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 81 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 82 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 83 barrier barrier NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 84 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 85 leukocyte leukocyte NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 86 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 87 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 88 cell cell NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 89 interactions interaction NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 90 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 91 cell cell NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 92 junction junction NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 93 remodeling remodeling NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 94 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 95 mucosal mucosal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 331 96 repair repair NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 332 1 Reduced reduce VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 332 2 airway airway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 332 3 surface surface NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 332 4 pH ph NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 332 5 impairs impair VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 332 6 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 332 7 killing killing NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 332 8 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 332 9 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 332 10 porcine porcine JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 332 11 cystic cystic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 332 12 fibrosis fibrosis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 332 13 lung lung NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 332 14 Cigarette Cigarette NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 332 15 smoke smoke NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 332 16 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 332 17 CFTR CFTR NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 332 18 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 333 1 implications implication NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 333 2 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 333 3 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 333 4 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 333 5 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 333 6 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 333 7 Molecular Molecular NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 333 8 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 333 9 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 333 10 epithelialmesenchymal epithelialmesenchymal NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 333 11 transition transition NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 333 12 Epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 333 13 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 333 14 mesenchymal mesenchymal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 333 15 transition transition NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 333 16 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 333 17 increased increase VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 333 18 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 333 19 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 333 20 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 333 21 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 333 22 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 333 23 induced induce VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 333 24 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 333 25 cigarette cigarette NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 333 26 smoke smoke NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 333 27 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 333 28 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 334 1 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 334 2 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 334 3 epithelial epithelial NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 334 4 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 334 5 mesenchymal mesenchymal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 334 6 transition transition NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 334 7 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 334 8 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 334 9 negative negative JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 334 10 feedback feedback NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 334 11 regulation regulation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 334 12 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 334 13 TGF TGF NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 334 14 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 334 15 β β NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 334 16 activity activity NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 335 1 25-dihydroxyvitamin 25-dihydroxyvitamin CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 335 2 D3 D3 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 335 3 attenuates attenuate VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 336 1 TGF TGF NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 336 2 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 336 3 β β NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 336 4 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 336 5 induced induce VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 336 6 pro pro JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 336 7 - - JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 336 8 fibrotic fibrotic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 336 9 effects effect NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 336 10 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 336 11 human human JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 336 12 lung lung NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 336 13 epithelial epithelial NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 336 14 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 336 15 through through IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 336 16 inhibition inhibition NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 336 17 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 336 18 epithelial epithelial NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 336 19 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 336 20 mesenchymal mesenchymal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 336 21 transition transition NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 337 1 Calcitriol Calcitriol NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 337 2 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 337 3 bleomycin bleomycin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 337 4 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 337 5 induced induce VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 337 6 early early JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 337 7 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 337 8 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 337 9 response response NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 337 10 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 337 11 epithelial epithelial NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 337 12 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 337 13 mesenchymal mesenchymal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 337 14 transition transition NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 337 15 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 337 16 mice mouse NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 338 1 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 338 2 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 338 3 Supplementation supplementation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 338 4 Reduces reduce VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 338 5 Induction Induction NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 338 6 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 338 7 Epithelial Epithelial NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 338 8 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 338 9 Mesenchymal Mesenchymal NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 338 10 transition transition NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 338 11 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 338 12 allergen allergen NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 338 13 sensitized sensitize VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 338 14 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 338 15 challenged challenge VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 338 16 mice mouse NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 339 1 The the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 339 2 immunology immunology NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 339 3 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 339 4 host host NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 339 5 defence defence NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 339 6 peptides peptide NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 339 7 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 339 8 beyond beyond IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 339 9 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 339 10 activity activity NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 339 11 Cutting cutting NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 339 12 edge edge NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 340 1 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 340 2 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 340 3 D3 D3 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 340 4 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 340 5 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 340 6 direct direct JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 340 7 inducer inducer NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 340 8 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 340 9 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 340 10 peptide peptide NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 340 11 gene gene NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 340 12 expression expression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 341 1 The the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 341 2 differential differential JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 341 3 effects effect NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 341 4 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 341 5 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 341 6 D3 D3 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 341 7 on on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 341 8 Salmonella salmonella NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 341 9 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 341 10 induced induce VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 341 11 interleukin-8 interleukin-8 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 341 12 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 341 13 human human JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 341 14 beta beta NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 341 15 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 341 16 defensin-2 defensin-2 NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 341 17 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 341 18 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 341 19 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 341 20 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 341 21 Direct direct JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 341 22 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 341 23 indirect indirect JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 341 24 induction induction NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 341 25 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 341 26 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 341 27 D3 D3 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 341 28 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 341 29 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 341 30 NOD2 NOD2 NNPS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 341 31 / / SYM cord-321401-w4ne60fn 341 32 CARD15-Defensin CARD15-Defensin NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 341 33 β2 β2 NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 341 34 innate innate VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 341 35 immune immune JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 341 36 pathway pathway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 341 37 defective defective JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 341 38 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 341 39 crohn crohn NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 341 40 disease disease NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 342 1 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 342 2 D3 D3 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 342 3 induces induce VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 342 4 LL-37 LL-37 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 342 5 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 342 6 HBD-2 hbd-2 JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 342 7 production production NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 342 8 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 342 9 keratinocytes keratinocyte NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 342 10 from from IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 342 11 diabetic diabetic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 342 12 foot foot NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 342 13 ulcers ulcer NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 342 14 promoting promote VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 342 15 wound wound NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 342 16 healing healing NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 342 17 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 343 1 an an DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 343 2 in in FW cord-321401-w4ne60fn 343 3 vitro vitro FW cord-321401-w4ne60fn 343 4 model model NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 343 5 PPARγ PPARγ NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 343 6 mediates mediate VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 343 7 innate innate JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 343 8 immunity immunity NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 343 9 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 343 10 regulating regulate VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 343 11 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 343 12 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 343 13 D3 D3 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 343 14 induced induce VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 343 15 hBD-3 hBD-3 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 343 16 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 343 17 cathelicidin cathelicidin NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 343 18 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 343 19 human human JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 343 20 keratinocytes keratinocyte NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 343 21 Cigarette Cigarette NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 343 22 smoke smoke NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 343 23 induced induce VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 343 24 lung lung NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 343 25 barrier barrier NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 343 26 dysfunction dysfunction NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 343 27 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 343 28 EMT EMT NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 343 29 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 343 30 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 343 31 tissue tissue NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 343 32 remodeling remodeling NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 343 33 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 343 34 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 343 35 possible possible JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 343 36 link link NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 343 37 between between IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 343 38 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 343 39 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 343 40 lung lung NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 343 41 cancer cancer NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 343 42 Extracellular Extracellular NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 343 43 matrix matrix NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 343 44 component component NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 343 45 remodeling remodeling NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 343 46 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 343 47 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 343 48 diseases disease NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 343 49 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 343 50 what what WP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 343 51 has have VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 343 52 been be VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 343 53 found find VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 343 54 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 343 55 clinical clinical JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 343 56 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 343 57 experimental experimental JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 343 58 studies study NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 343 59 ? ? . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 344 1 ECM ecm NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 344 2 remodelling remodelling NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 344 3 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 344 4 IBD IBD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 344 5 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 344 6 innocent innocent JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 344 7 bystander bystander NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 344 8 or or CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 344 9 partner partner NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 344 10 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 344 11 crime crime NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 344 12 ? ? . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 1 The the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 2 emerging emerge VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 3 role role NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 4 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 5 extracellular extracellular JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 6 molecular molecular JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 7 events event NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 8 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 9 sustaining sustain VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 10 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 11 inflammation inflammation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 12 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 13 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 14 decreases decrease VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 15 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 16 syncytial syncytial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 17 virus virus NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 18 induction induction NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 19 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 20 NF NF NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 21 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 22 kappaB kappaB NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 23 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 24 linked link VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 25 chemokines chemokine NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 26 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 27 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 28 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 29 airway airway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 30 epithelium epithelium NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 31 while while IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 32 maintaining maintain VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 33 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 34 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 35 state state NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 36 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 37 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 38 enhances enhance VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 39 production production NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 40 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 41 soluble soluble JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 42 ST2 ST2 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 43 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 44 inhibiting inhibit VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 45 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 46 action action NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 47 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 48 IL-33 IL-33 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 49 Regulation Regulation NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 50 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 51 immune immune JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 52 function function NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 53 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 54 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 55 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 56 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 57 Its -PRON- PRP$ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 58 use use NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 59 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 60 diseases disease NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 61 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 62 immunity immunity NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 63 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 64 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 65 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 66 asthma asthma NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 345 67 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 346 1 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 346 2 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 346 3 action action NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 346 4 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 346 5 considerations consideration NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 346 6 for for IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 346 7 clinical clinical JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 346 8 trials trial NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 346 9 Accelerated accelerate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 346 10 ageing age VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 346 11 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 346 12 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 346 13 lung lung NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 346 14 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 346 15 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 346 16 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 346 17 new new JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 346 18 concepts concept NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 347 1 Molecular molecular JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 347 2 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 347 3 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 347 4 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 347 5 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 347 6 action action NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 347 7 Klotho Klotho NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 347 8 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 347 9 an an DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 347 10 antiaging antiaging NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 347 11 protein protein NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 347 12 involved involve VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 347 13 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 347 14 mineral mineral NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 347 15 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 347 16 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 347 17 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 347 18 metabolism metabolism NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 347 19 Fibroblast Fibroblast NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 347 20 growth growth NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 347 21 factor factor NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 347 22 23 23 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 348 1 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 348 2 Klotho Klotho NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 348 3 contribute contribute VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 348 4 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 348 5 airway airway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 348 6 inflammation inflammation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 348 7 Klotho Klotho NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 348 8 expression expression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 349 1 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 349 2 reduced reduce VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 349 3 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 349 4 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 349 5 airway airway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 349 6 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 349 7 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 349 8 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 349 9 effects effect NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 349 10 on on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 349 11 inflammation inflammation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 349 12 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 349 13 oxidant oxidant JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 349 14 injury injury NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 349 15 Critical critical JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 349 16 roles role NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 349 17 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 349 18 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 349 19 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 349 20 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 349 21 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 349 22 receptor receptor NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 349 23 signaling signal VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 349 24 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 349 25 controlling control VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 349 26 gut gut NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 349 27 mucosal mucosal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 349 28 inflammation inflammation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 349 29 Imbalance imbalance NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 349 30 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 349 31 autophagy autophagy NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 349 32 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 349 33 apoptosis apoptosis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 349 34 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 349 35 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 349 36 epithelium epithelium NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 349 37 lacking lack VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 349 38 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 349 39 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 349 40 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 349 41 receptor receptor NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 349 42 Autophagy Autophagy NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 349 43 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 349 44 inflammation inflammation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 349 45 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 349 46 chronic chronic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 349 47 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 349 48 disease disease NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 350 1 Autophagy Autophagy NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 350 2 proteins protein NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 350 3 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 350 4 required require VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 350 5 for for IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 350 6 club club NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 350 7 cell cell NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 350 8 structure structure NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 350 9 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 350 10 function function NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 350 11 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 350 12 airways airway NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 350 13 Corticosteroid Corticosteroid NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 350 14 resistance resistance NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 350 15 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 350 16 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 350 17 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 350 18 asthma asthma NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 350 19 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 350 20 chronic chronic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 350 21 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 350 22 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 350 23 disease disease NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 350 24 Reversing reverse VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 350 25 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 350 26 defective defective JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 350 27 induction induction NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 350 28 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 350 29 IL-10-secreting il-10-secrete VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 350 30 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 350 31 T t NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 350 32 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 350 33 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 350 34 glucocorticoid glucocorticoid NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 350 35 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 350 36 resistant resistant JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 350 37 asthma asthma NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 350 38 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 350 39 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 350 40 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 350 41 levels level NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 350 42 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 350 43 lung lung NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 350 44 function function NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 350 45 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 350 46 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 350 47 steroid steroid NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 350 48 response response NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 350 49 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 350 50 adult adult NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 350 51 asthma asthma NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 350 52 25-Hydroxyvitamin 25-hydroxyvitamin CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 350 53 D3-deficiency d3-deficiency NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 350 54 enhances enhance VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 350 55 oxidative oxidative JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 350 56 stress stress NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 350 57 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 350 58 corticosteroid corticosteroid NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 350 59 resistance resistance NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 350 60 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 351 1 severe severe JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 351 2 asthma asthma NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 351 3 exacerbation exacerbation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 351 4 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 351 5 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 351 6 downregulates downregulate VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 351 7 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 351 8 IL-23 IL-23 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 351 9 receptor receptor NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 351 10 pathway pathway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 351 11 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 351 12 human human JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 351 13 mucosal mucosal NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 351 14 group group NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 352 1 3 3 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 352 2 innate innate JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 352 3 lymphoid lymphoid JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 352 4 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 352 5 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 352 6 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 352 7 counteracts counteract VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 352 8 an an DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 352 9 IL-23-dependent IL-23-dependent NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 352 10 IL-17A(+)IFN il-17a(+)ifn CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 352 11 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 352 12 γ(+ γ(+ NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 352 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 352 14 response response NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 352 15 driven drive VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 352 16 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 352 17 urban urban JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 352 18 particulate particulate NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 352 19 matter matter NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 352 20 Comparative comparative JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 352 21 effect effect NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 352 22 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 352 23 25(OH)D3 25(oh)d3 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 352 24 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 352 25 1,25(OH)2D3 1,25(oh)2d3 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 352 26 on on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 353 1 Th17 Th17 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 354 1 cell cell NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 354 2 differentiation differentiation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 1 Enhanced enhanced JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 2 production production NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 3 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 4 IL-17A il-17a NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 5 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 6 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 7 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 8 severe severe JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 9 asthma asthma NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 10 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 11 inhibited inhibit VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 12 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 13 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 14 D3 D3 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 15 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 16 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 17 glucocorticoidindependent glucocorticoidindependent JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 18 fashion fashion NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 19 Novel novel NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 20 regulation regulation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 21 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 22 25-hydroxyvitamin 25-hydroxyvitamin CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 23 D3 D3 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 24 24-hydroxylase 24-hydroxylase CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 26 24(OH)ase 24(oh)ase CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 28 transcription transcription NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 29 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 30 glucocorticoids glucocorticoid NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 31 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 32 cooperative cooperative JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 33 effects effect NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 34 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 35 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 36 glucocorticoid glucocorticoid NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 37 receptor receptor NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 38 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 39 C C NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 40 / / SYM cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 41 EBPβ EBPβ NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 42 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 43 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 44 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 45 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 46 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 47 receptor receptor NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 48 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 49 24(OH)ase 24(oh)ase CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 50 transcription transcription NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 51 Relationship relationship NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 52 between between IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 53 exacerbation exacerbation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 54 frequency frequency NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 55 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 56 lung lung NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 57 function function NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 58 decline decline NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 59 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 60 chronic chronic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 61 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 62 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 63 disease disease NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 64 Chronic Chronic NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 65 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 66 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 355 67 disease disease NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 356 1 The the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 356 2 role role NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 356 3 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 356 4 acute acute JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 356 5 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 356 6 chronic chronic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 356 7 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 356 8 colonization colonization NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 356 9 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 356 10 infections infection NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 356 11 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 356 12 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 356 13 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 356 14 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 356 15 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 356 16 Lung Lung NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 356 17 microbiome microbiome NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 356 18 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 356 19 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 356 20 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 356 21 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 1 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 2 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 3 supplementation supplementation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 4 attenuates attenuate VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 5 asthma asthma NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 6 development development NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 7 following follow VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 8 traffic traffic NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 9 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 10 related relate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 11 particulate particulate NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 12 matter matter NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 13 exposure exposure NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 14 Resolving resolve VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 15 viralinduced viralinduce VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 16 secondary secondary JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 17 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 18 infection infection NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 19 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 20 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 21 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 22 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 23 concise concise JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 24 review review NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 25 Time time NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 26 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 27 course course NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 28 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 29 upper upper JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 30 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 31 tract tract NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 32 viral viral JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 33 infection infection NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 34 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 35 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 36 exacerbation exacerbation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 37 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 38 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 39 represses repress VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 40 rhinovirus rhinovirus NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 41 replication replication NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 42 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 43 cystic cystic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 44 fibrosis fibrosis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 45 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 46 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 47 inducing induce VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 48 LL-37 LL-37 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 49 Cathelicidins Cathelicidins NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 50 display display NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 51 conserved conserve VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 52 direct direct JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 53 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 54 activity activity NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 55 towards towards IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 56 rhinovirus rhinovirus NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 57 Effects effect NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 58 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 59 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 60 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 61 on on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 62 airway airway JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 63 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 64 cell cell NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 65 morphology morphology NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 66 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 67 rhinovirus rhinovirus NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 68 replication replication NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 69 Effects effect NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 70 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 71 calcitriol calcitriol NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 72 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 73 1 1 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 74 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 75 25-dihydroxyvitamin 25-dihydroxyvitamin CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 76 D3 D3 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 77 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 78 on on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 79 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 80 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 81 response response NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 82 induced induce VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 83 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 84 H9N2 H9N2 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 85 influenza influenza NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 86 virus virus NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 87 infection infection NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 88 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 89 human human JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 90 lung lung NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 91 A549 a549 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 92 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 93 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 94 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 95 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 96 mice mouse NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 357 97 Calcitriol Calcitriol NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 358 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 358 2 1 1 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 358 3 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 358 4 25[OH]2 25[OH]2 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 358 5 D3 D3 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 358 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 358 7 pre pre JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 358 8 - - JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 358 9 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 358 10 post post JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 358 11 - - NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 358 12 treatment treatment NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 358 13 suppresses suppress VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 358 14 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 358 15 response response NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 358 16 to to TO cord-321401-w4ne60fn 358 17 influenza influenza VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 358 18 A a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 358 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 358 20 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 358 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 358 22 infection infection NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 358 23 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 358 24 human human JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 358 25 lung lung NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 358 26 A549 a549 IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 358 27 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 358 28 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 358 29 Infection infection NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 358 30 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 358 31 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 358 32 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 358 33 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 358 34 course course NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 358 35 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 358 36 chronic chronic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 358 37 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 358 38 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 358 39 disease disease NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 358 40 New new JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 358 41 strains strain NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 358 42 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 358 43 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 358 44 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 358 45 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 358 46 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 358 47 chronic chronic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 358 48 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 358 49 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 358 50 disease disease NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 359 1 A a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 359 2 prospective prospective JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 359 3 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 359 4 observational observational JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 359 5 cohort cohort NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 359 6 study study NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 359 7 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 359 8 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 359 9 seasonal seasonal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 359 10 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 359 11 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 359 12 airway airway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 359 13 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 359 14 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 359 15 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 359 16 aetiology aetiology NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 359 17 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 359 18 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 359 19 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 359 20 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 359 21 Induction Induction NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 359 22 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 359 23 cathelicidin cathelicidin NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 359 24 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 359 25 normal normal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 359 26 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 359 27 CF cf NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 359 28 bronchial bronchial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 359 29 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 359 30 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 359 31 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 359 32 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 359 33 D(3 d(3 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 359 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 360 1 Species species NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 360 2 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 360 3 specific specific JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 360 4 regulation regulation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 360 5 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 360 6 innate innate JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 360 7 immunity immunity NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 360 8 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 360 9 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 360 10 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 360 11 signaling signal VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 1 Human human JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 2 cathelicidin cathelicidin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 3 antimicrobial antimicrobial NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 4 peptide peptide NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 6 CAMP camp NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 8 gene gene NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 9 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 10 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 11 direct direct JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 12 target target NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 13 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 14 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 15 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 16 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 17 receptor receptor NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 18 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 19 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 20 strongly strongly RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 21 up up RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 22 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 23 regulated regulate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 24 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 25 myeloid myeloid JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 26 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 27 by by IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 28 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 29 D3 D3 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 30 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 31 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 32 deficiency deficiency NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 33 does do VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 34 not not RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 35 result result VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 36 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 37 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 38 breach breach NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 39 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 40 host host NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 41 defense defense NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 42 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 43 murine murine JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 44 models model NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 45 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 46 pneumonia pneumonia NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 47 A a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 48 mouse mouse NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 49 model model NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 50 for for IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 51 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 52 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 53 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 54 induced induce VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 55 human human JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 56 cathelicidin cathelicidin NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 57 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 58 peptide peptide NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 59 gene gene NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 60 expression expression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 61 Ontogeny ontogeny NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 62 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 63 biology biology NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 64 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 65 human human JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 66 small small JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 67 airway airway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 68 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 69 club club NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 70 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 71 Role role NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 72 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 73 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 74 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 75 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 76 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 77 hygiene hygiene NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 78 hypothesis hypothesis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 361 79 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 362 1 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 362 2 interplay interplay NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 362 3 between between IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 362 4 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 362 5 d d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 362 6 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 362 7 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 362 8 d d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 362 9 receptors receptor NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 362 10 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 362 11 gut gut VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 362 12 microbiota microbiota NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 362 13 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 362 14 immune immune JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 362 15 response response NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 362 16 Paneth Paneth NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 362 17 cell cell NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 362 18 defensins defensin NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 362 19 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 362 20 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 362 21 regulation regulation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 362 22 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 362 23 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 362 24 microbiome microbiome NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 362 25 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 362 26 détente détente NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 362 27 at at IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 362 28 mucosal mucosal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 362 29 surfaces surface NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 362 30 Gut gut VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 362 31 microbiota microbiota NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 362 32 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 1 Antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 2 peptide peptide NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 3 resistance resistance NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 4 mediates mediate VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 5 resilience resilience NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 6 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 7 prominent prominent JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 8 gut gut NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 9 commensals commensal NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 10 during during IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 11 inflammation inflammation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 12 Emerging emerge VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 13 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 14 links link NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 15 between between IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 16 microbiota microbiota NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 17 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 18 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 19 gut gut NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 20 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 21 lung lung NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 22 axis axis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 23 Microbes microbe NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 24 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 25 metabolites metabolite NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 26 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 27 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 28 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 29 gut gut NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 30 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 31 lung lung NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 32 axis axis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 33 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 34 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 35 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 36 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 37 gut gut NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 38 microbiome microbiome NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 39 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 40 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 41 systematic systematic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 42 review review NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 43 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 44 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 45 vivo vivo NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 46 studies study NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 47 Influence influence NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 48 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 49 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 50 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 51 on on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 52 key key JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 53 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 54 taxa taxon NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 55 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 56 infant infant NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 57 microbiota microbiota NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 58 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 59 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 60 KOALA KOALA NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 61 birth birth NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 62 cohort cohort NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 63 study study NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 64 Vitamin Vitamin NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 65 D D NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 66 administration administration NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 67 leads lead VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 68 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 69 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 70 shift shift NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 71 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 72 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 73 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 74 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 75 composition composition NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 76 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 77 crohn crohn NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 78 's 's POS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 79 disease disease NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 80 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 81 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 82 but but CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 83 not not RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 84 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 85 healthy healthy JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 363 86 controls control NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 1 The the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 2 microbiome microbiome NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 3 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 4 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 5 pathophysiology pathophysiology NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 6 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 7 asthma asthma NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 8 ' ' POS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 9 circulating circulate VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 10 25-hydroxyvitamin 25-hydroxyvitamin CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 11 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 12 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 13 nasopharyngeal nasopharyngeal JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 14 microbiota microbiota NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 15 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 16 bronchiolitis bronchiolitis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 17 severity severity NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 18 Bolus Bolus NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 19 weekly weekly JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 20 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 21 D3 D3 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 22 supplementation supplementation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 23 impacts impact VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 24 gut gut NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 25 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 26 airway airway NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 27 microbiota microbiota NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 28 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 29 adults adult NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 30 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 31 cystic cystic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 32 fibrosis fibrosis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 33 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 34 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 35 double double JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 36 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 37 blind blind JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 38 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 39 randomized randomized JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 40 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 41 placebo placebo NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 42 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 43 controlled control VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 44 clinical clinical JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 45 trial trial NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 46 Effects effect NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 47 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 48 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 49 D D NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 50 Intake Intake NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 51 on on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 52 FEV1 FEV1 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 53 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 54 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 55 exacerbation exacerbation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 56 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 57 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 58 randomized randomized JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 59 clinical clinical JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 60 trial trial NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 61 study study NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 62 Role role NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 63 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 64 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 65 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 66 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 67 reducing reduce VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 68 number number NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 69 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 70 acute acute JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 71 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 72 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 73 chronic chronic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 74 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 75 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 76 disease disease NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 77 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 78 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 364 79 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 1 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 2 High high JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 3 doses dose NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 4 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 5 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 6 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 7 to to TO cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 8 reduce reduce VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 9 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 10 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 11 chronic chronic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 12 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 13 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 14 disease disease NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 15 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 16 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 17 randomized randomized JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 18 trial trial NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 19 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 20 D3 D3 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 21 supplementation supplementation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 22 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 23 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 24 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 25 chronic chronic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 26 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 27 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 28 disease disease NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 30 ViDiCO ViDiCO NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 32 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 33 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 34 multicentre multicentre NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 35 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 36 double double JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 37 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 38 blind blind JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 39 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 40 randomised randomised JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 41 controlled control VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 42 trial trial NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 43 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 44 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 45 to to TO cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 46 prevent prevent VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 47 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 48 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 49 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 50 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 51 systematic systematic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 52 review review NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 53 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 54 meta meta NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 55 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 56 analysis analysis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 57 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 58 individual individual JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 59 participant participant NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 60 data datum NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 61 from from IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 62 randomised randomised JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 63 controlled control VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 64 trials trial NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 65 Prevention Prevention NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 66 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 67 exacerbations exacerbation NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 68 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 69 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 70 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 71 COPD COPD NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 72 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 73 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 74 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 75 deficiency deficiency NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 76 through through IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 77 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 78 D D NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 79 supplementation supplementation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 80 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 81 PRECOVID PRECOVID NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 82 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 83 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 84 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 85 study study NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 86 protocol protocol NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 87 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 88 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 89 supplementation supplementation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 90 to to TO cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 91 prevent prevent VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 92 acute acute JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 93 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 94 tract tract NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 95 infections infection NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 96 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 97 systematic systematic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 98 review review NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 99 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 100 meta meta NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 101 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 102 analysis analysis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 103 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 104 individual individual JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 105 participant participant NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 106 data data NNPS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 107 Association Association NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 108 between between IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 109 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 110 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 111 status status NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 112 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 113 asthma asthma NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 114 control control NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 115 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 116 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 117 meta meta JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 118 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 119 analysis analysis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 120 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 121 randomized randomized JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 122 trials trial NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 123 Reduction reduction NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 124 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 125 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 126 infections infection NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 127 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 128 asthma asthma NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 129 patients patient NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 130 supplemented supplement VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 131 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 132 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 133 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 134 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 135 related relate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 136 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 137 increased increase VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 138 serum serum NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 139 IL-10 IL-10 NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 140 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 141 IFNγ IFNγ NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 142 levels level NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 143 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 144 cathelicidin cathelicidin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 145 expression expression NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 146 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 147 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 148 status status NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 149 correlates correlate VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 150 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 151 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 152 markers marker NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 153 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 154 cystic cystic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 155 fibrosis fibrosis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 156 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 157 related relate VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 158 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 159 disease disease NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 160 Vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 161 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 162 for for IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 163 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 164 immune immune JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 165 system system NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 166 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 167 cystic cystic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 168 fibrosis fibrosis NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 169 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 170 DISC DISC NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 171 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 172 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 173 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 174 double double JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 175 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 176 blind blind JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 177 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 178 multicenter multicenter JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 179 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 180 randomized randomized JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 181 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 182 placebo placebo NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 183 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 184 controlled control VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 185 clinical clinical JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 186 trial trial NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 187 24-Hydroxylase 24-hydroxylase CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 188 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 189 cancer cancer NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 190 : : : cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 191 impact impact NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 192 on on IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 193 vitamin vitamin NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 194 D d NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 195 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 196 based base VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 197 anticancer anticancer JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 198 therapeutics therapeutic NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 199 Cigarette Cigarette NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 365 200 smoke smoke NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 366 1 modulates modulate VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 366 2 repair repair NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 366 3 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 366 4 innate innate JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 366 5 immunity immunity NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 366 6 following follow VBG cord-321401-w4ne60fn 366 7 injury injury NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 366 8 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 366 9 airway airway JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 366 10 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 366 11 cells cell NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 366 12 CYP24A1 cyp24a1 VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 366 13 as as IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 366 14 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 366 15 potential potential JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 366 16 target target NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 366 17 for for IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 366 18 cancer cancer NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 366 19 therapy therapy NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 366 20 Safer safe JJR cord-321401-w4ne60fn 366 21 approaches approach NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 366 22 to to IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 366 23 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 366 24 modulation modulation NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 366 25 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 366 26 TGF tgf NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 366 27 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 366 28 beta beta NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 366 29 signaling signaling NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 366 30 for for IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 366 31 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 366 32 disease disease NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 367 1 The the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 367 2 authors author NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 367 3 declare declare VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 367 4 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 367 5 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 367 6 research research NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 367 7 was be VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 367 8 conducted conduct VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 367 9 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 367 10 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 367 11 absence absence NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 367 12 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 367 13 any any DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 367 14 commercial commercial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 367 15 or or CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 367 16 financial financial JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 367 17 relationships relationship NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 367 18 that that WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 367 19 could could MD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 367 20 be be VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 367 21 construed construe VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 367 22 as as IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 367 23 a a DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 367 24 potential potential JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 367 25 conflict conflict NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 367 26 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 367 27 interest interest NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 367 28 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 368 1 Copyright copyright NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 368 2 © © NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 368 3 2020 2020 CD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 368 4 Schrumpf Schrumpf NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 368 5 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 368 6 van van NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 368 7 der der NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 368 8 Does do VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 368 9 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 368 10 Hiemstra Hiemstra NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 368 11 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 369 1 This this DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 369 2 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 369 3 an an DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 369 4 open open JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 369 5 - - HYPH cord-321401-w4ne60fn 369 6 access access NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 369 7 article article NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 369 8 distributed distribute VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 369 9 under under IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 369 10 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 369 11 terms term NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 369 12 of of IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 369 13 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 369 14 Creative Creative NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 369 15 Commons Commons NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 369 16 Attribution Attribution NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 369 17 License License NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 369 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 369 19 CC CC NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 369 20 BY BY NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 369 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 369 22 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 370 1 The the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 370 2 use use NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 370 3 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 370 4 distribution distribution NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 370 5 or or CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 370 6 reproduction reproduction NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 370 7 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 370 8 other other JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 370 9 forums forum NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 370 10 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 370 11 permitted permit VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 370 12 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 370 13 provided provide VBD cord-321401-w4ne60fn 370 14 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 370 15 original original JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 370 16 author(s author(s NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 370 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 370 18 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 370 19 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 370 20 copyright copyright NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 370 21 owner(s owner(s NNP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 370 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-321401-w4ne60fn 370 23 are be VBP cord-321401-w4ne60fn 370 24 credited credit VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 370 25 and and CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 370 26 that that IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 370 27 the the DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 370 28 original original JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 370 29 publication publication NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 370 30 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 370 31 this this DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 370 32 journal journal NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 370 33 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 370 34 cited cite VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 370 35 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 370 36 in in IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 370 37 accordance accordance NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 370 38 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 370 39 accepted accepted JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 370 40 academic academic JJ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 370 41 practice practice NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 370 42 . . . cord-321401-w4ne60fn 371 1 No no DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 371 2 use use NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 371 3 , , , cord-321401-w4ne60fn 371 4 distribution distribution NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 371 5 or or CC cord-321401-w4ne60fn 371 6 reproduction reproduction NN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 371 7 is be VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 371 8 permitted permit VBN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 371 9 which which WDT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 371 10 does do VBZ cord-321401-w4ne60fn 371 11 not not RB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 371 12 comply comply VB cord-321401-w4ne60fn 371 13 with with IN cord-321401-w4ne60fn 371 14 these these DT cord-321401-w4ne60fn 371 15 terms term NNS cord-321401-w4ne60fn 371 16 . . .