Carrel name: journal-jAllergyClinImmunol-cord Creating study carrel named journal-jAllergyClinImmunol-cord Initializing database file: cache/cord-007385-xcx4ic0s.json key: cord-007385-xcx4ic0s authors: Spector, Sheldon L. title: The common cold: Current therapy and natural history()()() date: 2005-11-30 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6749(95)70218-0 sha: doc_id: 7385 cord_uid: xcx4ic0s file: cache/cord-255794-55ubow92.json key: cord-255794-55ubow92 authors: Galván-Román, José María; Rodríguez-García, Sebastián C.; Roy-Vallejo, Emilia; Marcos-Jiménez, Ana; Sánchez-Alonso, Santiago; Fernández-Díaz, Carlos; Alcaraz-Serna, Ana; Mateu-Albero, Tamara; Rodríguez-Cortes, Pablo; Sánchez-Cerrillo, Ildefonso; Esparcia, Laura; Martínez-Fleta, Pedro; López-Sanz, Celia; Gabrie, Ligia; Guerola, Luciana del Campo; Suarez, Carmen; Ancochea, Julio; Canabal, Alfonso; Albert, Patricia; Rodríguez-Serrano, Diego A.; Aguilar, Juan Mariano; Arco, Carmen del; Santos, Ignacio de los; García-Fraile, Lucio; Camara, Rafael de la; Serra, José María; Ramírez, Esther; Alonso, Tamara; Landete, Pedro; Soriano, Joan B.; Martín-Gayo, Enrique; Torres, Arturo Fraile; Zurita Cruz, Nelly Daniela; García-Vicuña, Rosario; Cardeñoso, Laura; Sánchez-Madrid, Francisco; Alfranca, Arantzazu; Muñoz-Calleja, Cecilia; González-Álvaro, Isidoro title: IL-6 serum levels predict severity and response to Tocilizumab in COVID-19: an observational study date: 2020-09-30 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.09.018 sha: doc_id: 255794 cord_uid: 55ubow92 file: cache/cord-256788-h4iv8crq.json key: cord-256788-h4iv8crq authors: Sumino, Kaharu; Tucker, Jennifer; Shahab, Muhammad; Jaffee, Katy F.; Visness, Cynthia M.; Gern, James E.; Bloomberg, Gordon R.; Holtzman, Michael J. title: Antiviral IFN-γ responses of monocytes at birth predict respiratory tract illness in the first year of life date: 2012-03-27 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.02.033 sha: doc_id: 256788 cord_uid: h4iv8crq file: cache/cord-286477-0euaaspo.json key: cord-286477-0euaaspo authors: Li, Xiaochen; Xu, Shuyun; Yu, Muqing; Wang, Ke; Tao, Yu; Zhou, Ying; Shi, Jing; Zhou, Min; Wu, Bo; Yang, Zhenyu; Zhang, Cong; Yue, Junqing; Zhang, Zhiguo; Renz, Harald; Liu, Xiansheng; Xie, Jungang; Xie, Min; Zhao, Jianping title: Risk factors for severity and mortality in adult COVID-19 inpatients in Wuhan date: 2020-04-12 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.04.006 sha: doc_id: 286477 cord_uid: 0euaaspo file: cache/cord-027511-j5ayp0tv.json key: cord-027511-j5ayp0tv authors: Navel, Valentin; Chiambaretta, Frédéric; Dutheil, Frédéric title: Reply date: 2020-06-22 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.06.003 sha: doc_id: 27511 cord_uid: j5ayp0tv file: cache/cord-032811-sdbj26ca.json key: cord-032811-sdbj26ca authors: Hosoki, Koa; Kimata, Jason T.; Chakraborty, Abhijit; Sur, Sanjiv title: Reply date: 2020-09-29 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.09.008 sha: doc_id: 32811 cord_uid: sdbj26ca file: cache/cord-287063-kheek4lx.json key: cord-287063-kheek4lx authors: Carroll, Kecia N.; Gebretsadik, Tebeb; Minton, Patricia; Woodward, Kimberly; Liu, Zhouwen; Miller, E. Kathryn; Williams, John V.; Dupont, William D.; Hartert, Tina V. title: Influence of maternal asthma on the cause and severity of infant acute respiratory tract infections date: 2012-02-14 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.01.045 sha: doc_id: 287063 cord_uid: kheek4lx file: cache/cord-284576-nemh4wdo.json key: cord-284576-nemh4wdo authors: Sims, Jonathan T.; Krishnan, Venkatesh; Chang, Ching-Yun; Engle, Sarah M.; Casalini, Giacomo; Rodgers, George H.; Bivi, Nicoletta; Nickoloff, Brian J.; Konrad, Robert J.; de Bono, Stephanie; Higgs, Richard E.; Benschop, Robert J.; Ottaviani, Silvia; Cardoso, Anabela; Nirula, Ajay; Corbellino, Mario; Stebbing, Justin title: Characterization of the Cytokine Storm Reflects Hyperinflammatory Endothelial Dysfunction in COVID-19 date: 2020-09-10 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.08.031 sha: doc_id: 284576 cord_uid: nemh4wdo file: cache/cord-328210-qhl429fm.json key: cord-328210-qhl429fm authors: Gelardi, Matteo; Cassano, Michele; Ciprandi, Giorgio title: The clinical relevance of the clinical cytological grading in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps date: 2020-06-24 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.04.049 sha: doc_id: 328210 cord_uid: qhl429fm file: cache/cord-304549-e8q8mck4.json key: cord-304549-e8q8mck4 authors: Holgate, Stephen T. title: Genetic and environmental interaction in allergy and asthma()() date: 2005-11-02 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6749(99)70005-9 sha: doc_id: 304549 cord_uid: e8q8mck4 file: cache/cord-313058-nrrl4kjc.json key: cord-313058-nrrl4kjc authors: Rivas, Magali Noval; Porritt, Rebecca A.; Cheng, Mary Hongying; Bahar, Ivet; Arditi, Moshe title: COVID-19 Associated Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C): a novel disease that mimics Toxic Shock Syndrome. The superantigen hypothesis date: 2020-10-16 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.10.008 sha: doc_id: 313058 cord_uid: nrrl4kjc file: cache/cord-304140-4l574k3q.json key: cord-304140-4l574k3q authors: IJspeert, Hanna; Driessen, Gertjan J.; Moorhouse, Michael J.; Hartwig, Nico G.; Wolska-Kusnierz, Beata; Kalwak, Krzysztof; Pituch-Noworolska, Anna; Kondratenko, Irina; van Montfrans, Joris M.; Mejstrikova, Ester; Lankester, Arjan C.; Langerak, Anton W.; van Gent, Dik C.; Stubbs, Andrew P.; van Dongen, Jacques J.M.; van der Burg, Mirjam title: Similar recombination-activating gene (RAG) mutations result in similar immunobiological effects but in different clinical phenotypes date: 2014-01-11 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.11.028 sha: doc_id: 304140 cord_uid: 4l574k3q file: cache/cord-346835-gg3xespb.json key: cord-346835-gg3xespb authors: Navel, Valentin; Chiambaretta, Frédéric; Dutheil, Frédéric title: Will environmental impacts of social distancing due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic decrease allergic disease? date: 2020-04-26 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.04.026 sha: doc_id: 346835 cord_uid: gg3xespb file: cache/cord-334801-p5mxc694.json key: cord-334801-p5mxc694 authors: Van Singer, Mathias; Brahier, Thomas; Ngai, Michelle; Wright, Julie; Weckman, Andrea M.; Erice, Clara; Meuwly, Jean-Yves; Hugli, Olivier; Kain, Kevin C.; Boillat-Blanco, Noémie title: COVID-19 risk stratification algorithms based on sTREM-1 and IL-6 in emergency department date: 2020-10-09 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.10.001 sha: doc_id: 334801 cord_uid: p5mxc694 file: cache/cord-007866-2d6003r9.json key: cord-007866-2d6003r9 authors: Renz, Harald title: Autophagy: Nobel Prize 2016 and allergy and asthma research date: 2017-04-08 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.03.021 sha: doc_id: 7866 cord_uid: 2d6003r9 file: cache/cord-327076-qq5499qg.json key: cord-327076-qq5499qg authors: Siniorakis, Eftychios; Arvanitakis, Spyridon; Sfakianaki, Titika; Katsianis, Antonios; Sinaniotis, Athanasios; Papagiannopoulou, Veneta title: COVID-19 and upper respiratory tract: Collecting swab specimens from patients inhaling corticosteroids date: 2020-09-29 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.09.004 sha: doc_id: 327076 cord_uid: qq5499qg file: cache/cord-303135-rx21ajiw.json key: cord-303135-rx21ajiw authors: Jian, Li; Yi, Wei; Zhang, Nan; Wen, Weiping; Krysko, Olga; Song, Woo-Jung; Bachert, Claus title: Perspective: COVID-19, implications of nasal diseases and consequences for their management date: 2020-05-01 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.04.030 sha: doc_id: 303135 cord_uid: rx21ajiw file: cache/cord-341650-f8orw6ro.json key: cord-341650-f8orw6ro authors: Li, Hailan; Liu, Huaping title: Regarding “Ruxolitinib in treatment of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A multicenter, single-blind, randomized controlled trial” date: 2020-09-17 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.09.002 sha: doc_id: 341650 cord_uid: f8orw6ro file: cache/cord-264311-t81r2l3r.json key: cord-264311-t81r2l3r authors: Toivonen, Laura; Camargo, Carlos A.; Gern, James E.; Bochkov, Yury A.; Mansbach, Jonathan M.; Piedra, Pedro A.; Hasegawa, Kohei title: Association between rhinovirus species and nasopharyngeal microbiota in infants with severe bronchiolitis date: 2019-01-14 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.12.1004 sha: doc_id: 264311 cord_uid: t81r2l3r file: cache/cord-252950-eiphxwmn.json key: cord-252950-eiphxwmn authors: Trouillet-Assant, Sophie; Viel, Sebastien; Gaymard, Alexandre; Pons, Sylvie; Richard, Jean-Christophe; Perret, Magali; Villard, Marine; Brengel-Pesce, Karen; Lina, Bruno; Mezidi, Mehdi; Bitker, Laurent; Belot, Alexandre title: Type I IFN immunoprofiling in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-04-29 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.04.029 sha: doc_id: 252950 cord_uid: eiphxwmn file: cache/cord-034640-ygtbuy4k.json key: cord-034640-ygtbuy4k authors: nan title: Corrigenda date: 2020-11-04 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.08.023 sha: doc_id: 34640 cord_uid: ygtbuy4k file: cache/cord-344759-7zs389m9.json key: cord-344759-7zs389m9 authors: Shilts, Meghan H.; Rosas-Salazar, Christian; Turi, Kedir N.; Rajan, Devi; Rajagopala, Seesandra V.; Patterson, Megan F.; Gebretsadik, Tebeb; Anderson, Larry J.; Peebles, R. Stokes; Hartert, Tina V.; Das, Suman R. title: Nasopharyngeal Haemophilus and Local Immune Response during Infant Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection date: 2020-07-03 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.06.023 sha: doc_id: 344759 cord_uid: 7zs389m9 file: cache/cord-265054-52eqdlef.json key: cord-265054-52eqdlef authors: Schaller, Matthew; Hogaboam, Cory M.; Lukacs, Nicholas; Kunkel, Steven L. title: Respiratory viral infections drive chemokine expression and exacerbate the asthmatic response date: 2006-08-03 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.05.025 sha: doc_id: 265054 cord_uid: 52eqdlef file: cache/cord-304320-1oaobtlx.json key: cord-304320-1oaobtlx authors: Lee, Pui Y.; Platt, Craig D.; Weeks, Sabrina; Grace, Rachael F.; Maher, George; Gauthier, Kasey; Devana, Sridevi; Vitali, Sally; Randolph, Adrienne G.; McDonald, Douglas R.; Geha, Raif S.; Chou, Janet title: Immune dysregulation and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) in individuals with haploinsufficiency of SOCS1 date: 2020-08-25 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.07.033 sha: doc_id: 304320 cord_uid: 1oaobtlx file: cache/cord-347512-veavzt6d.json key: cord-347512-veavzt6d authors: Ueland, Thor; Heggelund, Lars; Lind, Andreas; Holten, Aleksander R.; Tonby, Kristian; Michelsen, Annika E.; Jenum, Synne; Jørgensen, Marthe J.; Barratt-Due, Andreas; Skeie, Linda G.; Nordøy, Ingvild; Aanensen Fraz, Mai Sasaki; Quist-Paulsen E, Else; Pischke, Søren E.; Johal, Simreen K.; Hesstvedt, Liv; Bogen, Mette; Fevang, Børre; Halvorsen, Bente; Müller, Fredrik; Bekken, Gry Kloumann; Mollnes, Tom E.; Dudman, Susanne; Aukrust, Pål; Dyrhol-Riise, Anne M.; Holter, Jan C. title: Elevated plasma sTIM-3 levels in severe Covid-19 patients date: 2020-09-21 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.09.007 sha: doc_id: 347512 cord_uid: veavzt6d file: cache/cord-260700-u12aa739.json key: cord-260700-u12aa739 authors: Kainulainen, Leena; Vuorinen, Tytti; Rantakokko-Jalava, Kaisu; Österback, Riikka; Ruuskanen, Olli title: Recurrent and persistent respiratory tract viral infections in patients with primary hypogammaglobulinemia date: 2010-06-10 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.04.016 sha: doc_id: 260700 cord_uid: u12aa739 file: cache/cord-010159-uo47oab1.json key: cord-010159-uo47oab1 authors: Jartti, Tuomas; Waris, Matti; Niesters, Hubert G.M.; Allander, Tobias; Ruuskanen, Olli title: Respiratory viruses and acute asthma in children date: 2007-04-02 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.02.025 sha: doc_id: 10159 cord_uid: uo47oab1 file: cache/cord-025380-6bagohw8.json key: cord-025380-6bagohw8 authors: Navel, Valentin; Chiambaretta, Frédéric; Dutheil, Frédéric title: Reply date: 2020-05-28 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.05.010 sha: doc_id: 25380 cord_uid: 6bagohw8 file: cache/cord-272214-rwkfev8j.json key: cord-272214-rwkfev8j authors: Kaplan, Allen P.; Ghebrehiwet, Berhane title: Pathways for Bradykinin Formation and Interrelationship with Complement as a Cause of Edematous Lung in COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-10-28 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.10.025 sha: doc_id: 272214 cord_uid: rwkfev8j file: cache/cord-284053-tna7e9dw.json key: cord-284053-tna7e9dw authors: Kimura, Hiroki; Francisco, Dave; Conway, Michelle; Martinez, Fernando D.; Vercelli, Donata; Polverino, Francesca; Billheimer, Dean; Kraft, Monica title: Type 2 Inflammation Modulates ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in Airway Epithelial Cells date: 2020-05-15 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.05.004 sha: doc_id: 284053 cord_uid: tna7e9dw file: cache/cord-270635-l8380adr.json key: cord-270635-l8380adr authors: Maggi, Enrico; Canonica, Giorgio Walter; Moretta, Lorenzo title: COVID-19: unanswered questions on immune response and pathogenesis date: 2020-05-08 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.05.001 sha: doc_id: 270635 cord_uid: l8380adr file: cache/cord-259927-xh9cw9ao.json key: cord-259927-xh9cw9ao authors: Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G.; Megremis, Spyridon; Kitsioulis, Nikolaos A.; Vangelatou, Olympia; West, Peter; Xepapadaki, Paraskevi title: Promising approaches for the treatment and prevention of viral respiratory illnesses date: 2017-07-21 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.07.001 sha: doc_id: 259927 cord_uid: xh9cw9ao file: cache/cord-349754-v6lll1xy.json key: cord-349754-v6lll1xy authors: Zhu, Zhaozhong; Hasegawa, Kohei; Camargo, Carlos A.; Liang, Liming title: Investigating asthma heterogeneity through shared and distinct genetics: insights from genome-wide cross-trait analysis date: 2020-07-18 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.07.004 sha: doc_id: 349754 cord_uid: v6lll1xy file: cache/cord-323695-jkik03lb.json key: cord-323695-jkik03lb authors: Paolo, Gisondi; Stefano, Piaserico; Luigi, Naldi; Paolo, Dapavo; Andrea, Conti; Piergiorgio, Malagoli; Valerio, Marzano Angelo; Federico, Bardazzi; Massimo, Gasperini; Simone, Cazzaniga; Antonio, Costanzo; Sacchelli, Lidia; Pezzolo, Elena; Messina, Francesco; Lasagni, Claudia; Bigi, Laura; Cattaneo, Angelo; Carrera, Carlo Giovanni; Arancio, Luisa; Ribero, Simone; Rozzo, Giulia; Damiani, Giovanni; Facheris, Paola title: Incidence rates of hospitalization and death from COVID-19 in patients with psoriasis receiving biological treatment: a Northern Italy experience date: 2020-11-05 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.10.032 sha: doc_id: 323695 cord_uid: jkik03lb file: cache/cord-314640-vik5rgnq.json key: cord-314640-vik5rgnq authors: Ohkubo, Kimihiro; Baraniuk, James N.; Hohman, Robert; Merida, Marco; Hersh, Louis B.; Kaliner, Michael A. title: Aminopeptidase activity in human nasal mucosa()()()() date: 2005-11-02 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6749(98)70013-2 sha: doc_id: 314640 cord_uid: vik5rgnq file: cache/cord-281566-6v5zfue6.json key: cord-281566-6v5zfue6 authors: Hamilos, Daniel L. title: Host-microbial interactions in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis date: 2013-11-28 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.06.049 sha: doc_id: 281566 cord_uid: 6v5zfue6 file: cache/cord-302886-5zjghwkq.json key: cord-302886-5zjghwkq authors: Ronit, Andreas; Berg, Ronan M.G.; Bay, Jakob T.; Haugaard, Anna K.; Ahlström, Magnus G.; Burgdorf, Kristoffer S.; Ullum, Henrik; Rørvig, Sara B.; Tjelle, Klaus; Foss, Nicolai B.; Benfield, Thomas; Marquart, Hanne Vibeke; Plovsing, Ronni R. title: Compartmental immunophenotyping in COVID-19 ARDS: A case series date: 2020-10-23 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.09.009 sha: doc_id: 302886 cord_uid: 5zjghwkq file: cache/cord-258093-6fn8ei9f.json key: cord-258093-6fn8ei9f authors: Hanania, Nicola A.; King, Monroe J.; Braman, Sidney S.; Saltoun, Carol; Wise, Robert A.; Enright, Paul; Falsey, Ann R.; Mathur, Sameer K.; Ramsdell, Joe W.; Rogers, Linda; Stempel, David A.; Lima, John J.; Fish, James E.; Wilson, Sandra R.; Boyd, Cynthia; Patel, Kushang V.; Irvin, Charles G.; Yawn, Barbara P.; Halm, Ethan A.; Wasserman, Stephen I.; Sands, Mark F.; Ershler, William B.; Ledford, Dennis K. title: Asthma in the elderly: Current understanding and future research needs—a report of a National Institute on Aging (NIA) workshop date: 2011-08-25 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.06.048 sha: doc_id: 258093 cord_uid: 6fn8ei9f file: cache/cord-269776-hj1s3ipp.json key: cord-269776-hj1s3ipp authors: Agostoni, Angelo; Aygören-Pürsün, Emel; Binkley, Karen E.; Blanch, Alvaro; Bork, Konrad; Bouillet, Laurence; Bucher, Christoph; Castaldo, Anthony J; Cicardi, Marco; Davis, Alvin E; De Carolis, Caterina; Drouet, Christian; Duponchel, Christiane; Farkas, Henriette; Fáy, Kálmán; Fekete, Béla; Fischer, Bettina; Fontana, Luigi; Füst, George; Giacomelli, Roberto; Gröner, Albrecht; Erik Hack, C.; Harmat, George; Jakenfelds, John; Juers, Mathias; Kalmár, Lajos; Kaposi, Pál N.; Karádi, István; Kitzinger, Arianna; Kollár, Tímea; Kreuz, Wolfhart; Lakatos, Peter; Longhurst, Hilary J.; Lopez-Trascasa, Margarita; Martinez-Saguer, Inmaculada; Monnier, Nicole; Nagy, István; Németh, Éva; Nielsen, Erik Waage; Nuijens, Jan H.; O'Grady, Caroline; Pappalardo, Emanuela; Penna, Vincenzo; Perricone, Carlo; Perricone, Roberto; Rauch, Ursula; Roche, Olga; Rusicke, Eva; Späth, Peter J; Szendei, George; Takács, Edit; Tordai, Attila; Truedsson, Lennart; Varga, Lilian; Visy, Beáta; Williams, Kayla; Zanichelli, Andrea; Zingale, Lorenza title: Hereditary and acquired angioedema: Problems and progress: Proceedings of the third C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency workshop and beyond date: 2004-09-11 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2004.06.047 sha: doc_id: 269776 cord_uid: hj1s3ipp Reading metadata file and updating bibliogrpahics === updating bibliographic database Building study carrel named journal-jAllergyClinImmunol-cord === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284576-nemh4wdo author: Sims, Jonathan T. title: Characterization of the Cytokine Storm Reflects Hyperinflammatory Endothelial Dysfunction in COVID-19 date: 2020-09-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284576-nemh4wdo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284576-nemh4wdo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-284576-nemh4wdo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-010159-uo47oab1 author: Jartti, Tuomas title: Respiratory viruses and acute asthma in children date: 2007-04-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-010159-uo47oab1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-010159-uo47oab1.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-010159-uo47oab1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-034640-ygtbuy4k author: nan title: Corrigenda date: 2020-11-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-034640-ygtbuy4k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-034640-ygtbuy4k.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-034640-ygtbuy4k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-032811-sdbj26ca author: Hosoki, Koa title: Reply date: 2020-09-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-032811-sdbj26ca.txt cache: ./cache/cord-032811-sdbj26ca.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-032811-sdbj26ca.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327076-qq5499qg author: Siniorakis, Eftychios title: COVID-19 and upper respiratory tract: Collecting swab specimens from patients inhaling corticosteroids date: 2020-09-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327076-qq5499qg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327076-qq5499qg.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-327076-qq5499qg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328210-qhl429fm author: Gelardi, Matteo title: The clinical relevance of the clinical cytological grading in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps date: 2020-06-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328210-qhl429fm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328210-qhl429fm.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-328210-qhl429fm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346835-gg3xespb author: Navel, Valentin title: Will environmental impacts of social distancing due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic decrease allergic disease? date: 2020-04-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346835-gg3xespb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346835-gg3xespb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-346835-gg3xespb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270635-l8380adr author: Maggi, Enrico title: COVID-19: unanswered questions on immune response and pathogenesis date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270635-l8380adr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270635-l8380adr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-270635-l8380adr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-313058-nrrl4kjc author: Rivas, Magali Noval title: COVID-19 Associated Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C): a novel disease that mimics Toxic Shock Syndrome. The superantigen hypothesis date: 2020-10-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-313058-nrrl4kjc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-313058-nrrl4kjc.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-313058-nrrl4kjc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-027511-j5ayp0tv author: Navel, Valentin title: Reply date: 2020-06-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-027511-j5ayp0tv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-027511-j5ayp0tv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-027511-j5ayp0tv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272214-rwkfev8j author: Kaplan, Allen P. title: Pathways for Bradykinin Formation and Interrelationship with Complement as a Cause of Edematous Lung in COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-10-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272214-rwkfev8j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272214-rwkfev8j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-272214-rwkfev8j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-007385-xcx4ic0s author: Spector, Sheldon L. title: The common cold: Current therapy and natural history()()() date: 2005-11-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-007385-xcx4ic0s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-007385-xcx4ic0s.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-007385-xcx4ic0s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304320-1oaobtlx author: Lee, Pui Y. title: Immune dysregulation and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) in individuals with haploinsufficiency of SOCS1 date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304320-1oaobtlx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304320-1oaobtlx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-304320-1oaobtlx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341650-f8orw6ro author: Li, Hailan title: Regarding “Ruxolitinib in treatment of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A multicenter, single-blind, randomized controlled trial” date: 2020-09-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341650-f8orw6ro.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341650-f8orw6ro.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-341650-f8orw6ro.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344759-7zs389m9 author: Shilts, Meghan H. title: Nasopharyngeal Haemophilus and Local Immune Response during Infant Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection date: 2020-07-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344759-7zs389m9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344759-7zs389m9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-344759-7zs389m9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-025380-6bagohw8 author: Navel, Valentin title: Reply date: 2020-05-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-025380-6bagohw8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-025380-6bagohw8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-025380-6bagohw8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347512-veavzt6d author: Ueland, Thor title: Elevated plasma sTIM-3 levels in severe Covid-19 patients date: 2020-09-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347512-veavzt6d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347512-veavzt6d.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-347512-veavzt6d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255794-55ubow92 author: Galván-Román, José María title: IL-6 serum levels predict severity and response to Tocilizumab in COVID-19: an observational study date: 2020-09-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255794-55ubow92.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255794-55ubow92.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 9 resourceName b'cord-255794-55ubow92.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349754-v6lll1xy author: Zhu, Zhaozhong title: Investigating asthma heterogeneity through shared and distinct genetics: insights from genome-wide cross-trait analysis date: 2020-07-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349754-v6lll1xy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349754-v6lll1xy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-349754-v6lll1xy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323695-jkik03lb author: Paolo, Gisondi title: Incidence rates of hospitalization and death from COVID-19 in patients with psoriasis receiving biological treatment: a Northern Italy experience date: 2020-11-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323695-jkik03lb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323695-jkik03lb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-323695-jkik03lb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252950-eiphxwmn author: Trouillet-Assant, Sophie title: Type I IFN immunoprofiling in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-04-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252950-eiphxwmn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252950-eiphxwmn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-252950-eiphxwmn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334801-p5mxc694 author: Van Singer, Mathias title: COVID-19 risk stratification algorithms based on sTREM-1 and IL-6 in emergency department date: 2020-10-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334801-p5mxc694.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334801-p5mxc694.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-334801-p5mxc694.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-303135-rx21ajiw author: Jian, Li title: Perspective: COVID-19, implications of nasal diseases and consequences for their management date: 2020-05-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-303135-rx21ajiw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-303135-rx21ajiw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-303135-rx21ajiw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-007866-2d6003r9 author: Renz, Harald title: Autophagy: Nobel Prize 2016 and allergy and asthma research date: 2017-04-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-007866-2d6003r9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-007866-2d6003r9.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-007866-2d6003r9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304549-e8q8mck4 author: Holgate, Stephen T. title: Genetic and environmental interaction in allergy and asthma()() date: 2005-11-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304549-e8q8mck4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304549-e8q8mck4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-304549-e8q8mck4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284053-tna7e9dw author: Kimura, Hiroki title: Type 2 Inflammation Modulates ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in Airway Epithelial Cells date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284053-tna7e9dw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284053-tna7e9dw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-284053-tna7e9dw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304140-4l574k3q author: IJspeert, Hanna title: Similar recombination-activating gene (RAG) mutations result in similar immunobiological effects but in different clinical phenotypes date: 2014-01-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304140-4l574k3q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304140-4l574k3q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-304140-4l574k3q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256788-h4iv8crq author: Sumino, Kaharu title: Antiviral IFN-γ responses of monocytes at birth predict respiratory tract illness in the first year of life date: 2012-03-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256788-h4iv8crq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256788-h4iv8crq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-256788-h4iv8crq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286477-0euaaspo author: Li, Xiaochen title: Risk factors for severity and mortality in adult COVID-19 inpatients in Wuhan date: 2020-04-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286477-0euaaspo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286477-0euaaspo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-286477-0euaaspo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264311-t81r2l3r author: Toivonen, Laura title: Association between rhinovirus species and nasopharyngeal microbiota in infants with severe bronchiolitis date: 2019-01-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264311-t81r2l3r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264311-t81r2l3r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-264311-t81r2l3r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260700-u12aa739 author: Kainulainen, Leena title: Recurrent and persistent respiratory tract viral infections in patients with primary hypogammaglobulinemia date: 2010-06-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260700-u12aa739.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260700-u12aa739.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-260700-u12aa739.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287063-kheek4lx author: Carroll, Kecia N. title: Influence of maternal asthma on the cause and severity of infant acute respiratory tract infections date: 2012-02-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287063-kheek4lx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287063-kheek4lx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-287063-kheek4lx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-265054-52eqdlef author: Schaller, Matthew title: Respiratory viral infections drive chemokine expression and exacerbate the asthmatic response date: 2006-08-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-265054-52eqdlef.txt cache: ./cache/cord-265054-52eqdlef.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-265054-52eqdlef.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-314640-vik5rgnq author: Ohkubo, Kimihiro title: Aminopeptidase activity in human nasal mucosa()()()() date: 2005-11-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-314640-vik5rgnq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-314640-vik5rgnq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-314640-vik5rgnq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302886-5zjghwkq author: Ronit, Andreas title: Compartmental immunophenotyping in COVID-19 ARDS: A case series date: 2020-10-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302886-5zjghwkq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302886-5zjghwkq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-302886-5zjghwkq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-259927-xh9cw9ao author: Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G. title: Promising approaches for the treatment and prevention of viral respiratory illnesses date: 2017-07-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-259927-xh9cw9ao.txt cache: ./cache/cord-259927-xh9cw9ao.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-259927-xh9cw9ao.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281566-6v5zfue6 author: Hamilos, Daniel L. title: Host-microbial interactions in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis date: 2013-11-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281566-6v5zfue6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281566-6v5zfue6.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-281566-6v5zfue6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258093-6fn8ei9f author: Hanania, Nicola A. title: Asthma in the elderly: Current understanding and future research needs—a report of a National Institute on Aging (NIA) workshop date: 2011-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258093-6fn8ei9f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258093-6fn8ei9f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-258093-6fn8ei9f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269776-hj1s3ipp author: Agostoni, Angelo title: Hereditary and acquired angioedema: Problems and progress: Proceedings of the third C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency workshop and beyond date: 2004-09-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269776-hj1s3ipp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269776-hj1s3ipp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-269776-hj1s3ipp.txt' Que is empty; done journal-jAllergyClinImmunol-cord === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-007385-xcx4ic0s author = Spector, Sheldon L. title = The common cold: Current therapy and natural history()()() date = 2005-11-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2044 sentences = 126 flesch = 44 summary = 27 In a 1136 Spector J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUNOL MAY 1995 study by Sperber et al., 28 naproxen did not alter virus shedding or serum neutralizing antibody in experimental rhinovirus cold, but it had a beneficial effect on such symptoms as headache, malaise, myalgia, and cough. Although some time-honored treatments might have limited usefulness, novel attempts at ameliorating the symptoms of a common cold, such as the use of ipratropium bromide nasal spray or specific antiviral receptor therapy, might represent a significant advance. Potential role of hands in the spread of respiratory viral infections: studies with human parainfluenza virus 3 and rhinovirus 14 Development of common cold symptoms following experimental rhinovirus infection is related to prior stressful life events Analysis of nasal secretions during experimental rhinovirus upper respiratory infections Effect of experimental rhinovirus 39 infection on the nasal response to histamine and cold air challenges in allergic and nonallergic subjects cache = ./cache/cord-007385-xcx4ic0s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-007385-xcx4ic0s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284576-nemh4wdo author = Sims, Jonathan T. title = Characterization of the Cytokine Storm Reflects Hyperinflammatory Endothelial Dysfunction in COVID-19 date = 2020-09-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1643 sentences = 91 flesch = 42 summary = Methods Blood samples from adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19 were analyzed using high-throughput and ultrasensitive proteomic platforms and compared with ageand sex-matched healthy controls to provide insights into differential regulation of 185 markers. Objective: To identify and characterize the host inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 59 infection, we assessed levels of proteins related to immune responses and cardiovascular 60 disease, in patients stratified as mild, moderate, and severe, versus matched healthy controls. Objective: To identify and characterize the host inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 59 infection, we assessed levels of proteins related to immune responses and cardiovascular 60 disease, in patients stratified as mild, moderate, and severe, versus matched healthy controls. Furthermore, in a limited series of patients who were sampled 69 frequently confirming reliability and reproducibility of our assays, we demonstrate that 70 intervention with baricitinib attenuates these circulating biomarkers associated with the cytokine 71 The COVID-19 pandemic created an overwhelming need to define host-derived molecular 96 mediators of disease severity evident in hospitalized patients. cache = ./cache/cord-284576-nemh4wdo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284576-nemh4wdo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-027511-j5ayp0tv author = Navel, Valentin title = Reply date = 2020-06-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 799 sentences = 44 flesch = 45 summary = 2 Globally, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak has upset the lifestyle of humans, increasing sedentary behaviors with quarantine (ie, staying at home, tele-working, screen activities), the fear of contagion (ie, social connections, mass transit, and compulsive disinfecting), and probably a city dweller migration to the periphery of crowed cities and surrounding countryside. Considering that filtering face piece respirators (FFPs) reduced the penetration of fine particulates ranging from 80% (FFP1) to 99% (FFP3), their global use during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic could protect people against outdoor and indoor allergenic components. 4 Promoting warm and humid environment, indoor activities (ie, tele-working, cooking, and indoor sports) could improve the exposition of airborne fungal spores in damp houses, increasing the incidence of asthma and allergic diseases. 7 Because of the fear of contagion, people may avoid mass transit and increase their commuting by individual car, which may in turn promote air pollution-and the release of the highly allergenic fine particulate matter. cache = ./cache/cord-027511-j5ayp0tv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-027511-j5ayp0tv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286477-0euaaspo author = Li, Xiaochen title = Risk factors for severity and mortality in adult COVID-19 inpatients in Wuhan date = 2020-04-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3243 sentences = 190 flesch = 57 summary = This study aims to describe and compare the 141 epidemiological, demographic, clinical, laboratory and radiological characteristics as well as the 142 complications, treatment and outcomes of hospitalized patients with nonsevere and severe 143 COVID-19. Comparison of findings between nonsevere and severe cases in 223 the patients with positive viral nucleic acid test pre-admission showed essentially the similar 224 differences to that in the total patients (see Table E1 in the Online Repository). In the follow-up period, the complications of COVID-19 were assessed , including acute 297 respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (38.3%), cardiac injury (21.7%), liver dysfunction (19.3%), 298 acute kidney injury (17.3%), bacteremia (7.7%), diffuse intravascular coagulation (7.7%), and 299 hyperglycemia (33.2%) ( This study provided a comprehensive data on the epidemiological, demographic, clinical, 338 laboratory, and radiological characteristics as well as the complications, treatment, and outcomes 339 of hospitalized patients with nonsevere and severe COVID-19 in Wuhan. cache = ./cache/cord-286477-0euaaspo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286477-0euaaspo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287063-kheek4lx author = Carroll, Kecia N. title = Influence of maternal asthma on the cause and severity of infant acute respiratory tract infections date = 2012-02-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4754 sentences = 225 flesch = 47 summary = In this investigation that included mother-infant dyads enrolled in the Tennessee Children's Respiratory Initiative (TCRI), we tested the hypothesis that a familial atopic predisposition was associated with viral cause and increased severity of viral acute respiratory tract infection (ARI) during infancy. In our next set of analyses we examined whether having a mother with asthma (first defined by maternal self-report and then using the atopic asthma and nonatopic asthma classifications) was associated with increased severity of the infant's HRV-or RSV-induced ARI. [5] [6] [7] 12, 22 Because of the known differential risk of early childhood asthma after RSV-and HRV-induced infant infections, we were interested in studying whether a familial predisposition to asthma and allergies was associated with the viral cause of the infant's ARI and the severity of the ARI. cache = ./cache/cord-287063-kheek4lx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287063-kheek4lx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304549-e8q8mck4 author = Holgate, Stephen T. title = Genetic and environmental interaction in allergy and asthma()() date = 2005-11-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4691 sentences = 252 flesch = 45 summary = Abnormal signaling between the epithelium, which is in contact with the environment, and the underlying (myo)fibroblasts and dendritic cells indicating reactivation of the epithelial mesenchymal trophic unit, which is involved in fetal lung development and branching, provide a basis for asthma that encapsulates both T(H)2 polarization and airway wall remodeling. Asthma is a complex disorder involving a combination of genetic and environmental interactions that culminate in a specific type of inflammation involving mast cells, eosinophils, and macrophages and polarization of T cell-mediated immunity toward enhanced production of cytokines encoded in a cluster on the long arm of chromosome 5. Two fundamental approaches are being used to discover susceptibility genes in asthma and atopy: linkage analysis with functional cloning and association analysis for mutations of "candidate" genes thought to be involved in disease pathogenesis. 55 In susceptible mice genetic linkage has shown that ozone-induced lung inflammation is directed by genes encoded on chromosome 17, including the strong candidate TNF-α, a pleiotropic cytokine generated during oxidant-induced cell injury. cache = ./cache/cord-304549-e8q8mck4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304549-e8q8mck4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-032811-sdbj26ca author = Hosoki, Koa title = Reply date = 2020-09-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 666 sentences = 50 flesch = 52 summary = They suggest that suppression of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) could impair the hydrolysis of des-Arg 9 -bradykinin and stimulate the bradykinin receptor type 1 (BKB1) pathway to induce leakage of fluid into the lungs. 4 However, other studies suggest that SARS-CoV-2 may upregulate the expression of ACE-2 in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) or influenza pneumonia in alveolar epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and lymphocytes in perivascular tissue than in uninfected control autopsy lung. 7 We favor a third hypothesis, where excessive and prolonged secretion of type I and type III IFNs in the airways contributes to loss of lung epithelial barrier function during COVID-19 and other RNA virus infections (Fig 1, A) . Because IFN-l contributes to loss of lung epithelial barrier function, 8 we hypothesize that entry of SARS-CoV-2 via ACE-2 can stimulate secretion of IFN-l and induce leakage of fluid into the lungs (Fig 1, A) . cache = ./cache/cord-032811-sdbj26ca.txt txt = ./txt/cord-032811-sdbj26ca.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256788-h4iv8crq author = Sumino, Kaharu title = Antiviral IFN-γ responses of monocytes at birth predict respiratory tract illness in the first year of life date = 2012-03-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5026 sentences = 238 flesch = 47 summary = 9 In that regard a decrease in IFN-g production from cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) stimulated by PHA or allergens has been associated with increased risk for acute respiratory tract illness during infancy. We assessed whether each of these immune end points could predict the development of respiratory tract illness during the first year of life in a prospective birth cohort of children at high risk for asthma and allergic disease. Together, these findings reinforce the association of a decreased IFN-g response to RSV with the development of increased viral respiratory tract infections in the first year of life. In this study we provide evidence that a decreased antiviral interferon response at the time of birth is selectively associated with an increase in acute respiratory tract infections in the first year of life among infants at high risk for asthma and allergic disease. cache = ./cache/cord-256788-h4iv8crq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256788-h4iv8crq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-313058-nrrl4kjc author = Rivas, Magali Noval title = COVID-19 Associated Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C): a novel disease that mimics Toxic Shock Syndrome. The superantigen hypothesis date = 2020-10-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1054 sentences = 68 flesch = 51 summary = title: COVID-19 Associated Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C): a novel disease that mimics Toxic Shock Syndrome. As of mid-September, the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 26 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected more than 30 million people, resulting in approximately one 27 million deaths worldwide, including over 200,000 deaths in the USA alone. Exacerbation of the COVID-19 immune response manifested by extensive cytokines 33 release, called cytokine storm, may lead to multisystem inflammatory syndrome that is 34 fatal in 28% of cases 1 . Interestingly, SAg-induced TSS has been associated with long-term 94 neuropsychologic deficits in adults, including cognitive decline 10 , and we identified a 95 homology between the SAg motif of SARS-CoV-2 and neurotoxin-like sequences which 96 are able to bind the TCR 5 . Clinical 131 Characteristics of 58 Children With a Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome 132 Temporally Associated With SARS-CoV-2 cache = ./cache/cord-313058-nrrl4kjc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-313058-nrrl4kjc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346835-gg3xespb author = Navel, Valentin title = Will environmental impacts of social distancing due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic decrease allergic disease? date = 2020-04-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 411 sentences = 34 flesch = 44 summary = title: Will environmental impacts of social distancing due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic decrease allergic disease? The burden of climatic change and air pollution represents a massive challenge for Humanity, affecting the development of allergic diseases and upsetting the exposome. 1 Air pollution, a causative factor of climate change, contributes to nine million deaths by years, 2 and more than 500 million people have an allergic disease around the world. Air pollution is a causative factor for both various symptoms such as bronchospasm, rhinorrhea, eye redness, and irritation, as well as various allergic diseases such as asthma, chronic rhinitis, nasal polyposis, atopic dermatitis, seasonal or perennial allergic conjunctivitis, and vernal or atopic keratoconjunctivitis. 7 Similar decrease was measured in most megalopolis of developing countries around the world where containment was set for limiting the spreading of the SARS-CoV-2 ( Figure 1 ). Climate Change and the Impact on Respiratory and Allergic Disease Effects on asthma and respiratory allergy of Climate change and air pollution cache = ./cache/cord-346835-gg3xespb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346835-gg3xespb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304140-4l574k3q author = IJspeert, Hanna title = Similar recombination-activating gene (RAG) mutations result in similar immunobiological effects but in different clinical phenotypes date = 2014-01-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4780 sentences = 250 flesch = 50 summary = METHODS: We included 22 patients with similar RAG1 mutations (c.519delT or c.368_369delAA) resulting in N-terminal truncated RAG1 protein with residual recombination activity but presenting with different clinical phenotypes. 9 Different RAG mutations can result in a broad spectrum of clinical phenotypes, including severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), RAG deficiency (RAGD) with skin inflammation and ab T-cell expansion (classical Omenn syndrome [OS]), RAGD with skin inflammation but without T-cell expansion (incomplete OS), RAGD with maternofetal transfusion, RAGD with gd T-cell expansion, late-onset SCID, RAGD with granulomas, and RAGD with CD4 cytopenia and thymus hypoplasia. This suggests that receptor editing in this group of patients with RAGD was slightly impaired, which can either be a result of reduced recombination activity caused by the RAG1 mutation or by low B-cell numbers leading to reduced selection against autoreactive B cells. cache = ./cache/cord-304140-4l574k3q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304140-4l574k3q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255794-55ubow92 author = Galván-Román, José María title = IL-6 serum levels predict severity and response to Tocilizumab in COVID-19: an observational study date = 2020-09-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2800 sentences = 189 flesch = 61 summary = Since 120 interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a relevant cytokine in ARDS, the blockade of its receptor with 121 Tocilizumab (TCZ) could reduce mortality and/or morbidity in severe Objective 123 To determine whether baseline IL-6 serum levels can predict the need for IMV and the 124 response to TCZ. Retrospective observational study performed in hospitalized patients diagnosed of Clinical information and laboratory findings, including IL-6 levels, were collected 128 approximately 3 and 9 days after admission to be matched with pre-and post-administration The recent exponential increase in cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by 181 coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led the World Health Organization to declare a pandemic. To determine the variables associated with the need for IMV, we performed a multivariable 296 logistic regression analysis that was first modeled by adding all the variables with a p value 297 lower than 0.15 in the bivariable analysis, namely total lymphocyte count, D-dimer, LDH, 298 PaO 2 /FiO 2 , COPD, obesity, hypertension, C-reactive protein, and IL-6 (high vs low). cache = ./cache/cord-255794-55ubow92.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255794-55ubow92.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327076-qq5499qg author = Siniorakis, Eftychios title = COVID-19 and upper respiratory tract: Collecting swab specimens from patients inhaling corticosteroids date = 2020-09-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 721 sentences = 51 flesch = 48 summary = title: COVID-19 and upper respiratory tract: Collecting swab specimens from patients inhaling corticosteroids Correspondence COVID-19 and upper respiratory tract: Collecting swab specimens from patients inhaling corticosteroids Q 1 To the Editor: Jian et al 1 in a recent article refer to the immune reaction of the upper respiratory tract (URT) in patients infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 (coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19] pandemic). The authors wonder about the consequences of inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) on immune reaction. With the URT sprayed by ICSs, we are wondering about the diagnostic accuracy of specimens collected. With this in mind, swabbing the URT of coronavirus-infected patients under an ICS regimen renders the quality of the viral load collected questionable. With all this scepticism in our minds, we are preparing ourselves to cope with the intricacies of triaging in a COVID-19 era, performing with responsibility the swabbing techniques, ensuring specimens of high diagnostic accuracy. cache = ./cache/cord-327076-qq5499qg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327076-qq5499qg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341650-f8orw6ro author = Li, Hailan title = Regarding “Ruxolitinib in treatment of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A multicenter, single-blind, randomized controlled trial” date = 2020-09-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 511 sentences = 30 flesch = 64 summary = title: Regarding "Ruxolitinib in treatment of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A multicenter, single-blind, randomized controlled trial" Regarding ''Ruxolitinib in Q 1 treatment of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A multicenter, singleblind, randomized controlled trial'' Q 2 To the Editor: We read with great interest the article titled ''Ruxolitinib in treatment of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A multicenter, single-blind, randomized controlled trial'' by Cao et al. 1 The study, which finally included 41 patients, evaluated the efficacy and safety of ruxolitinib for severe COVID-19 cases. First, the duration from illness onset to randomization, 22 days for the control group and 20 days for the ruxolitinib group, was not appropriate because according to literature reports, 2-4 the course (from illness onset to discharge) of severe patients was about 27 to 30 days. Ruxolitinib in treatment of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a multicenter, singleblind, randomized controlled trial Radiological findings from 81 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study cache = ./cache/cord-341650-f8orw6ro.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341650-f8orw6ro.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264311-t81r2l3r author = Toivonen, Laura title = Association between rhinovirus species and nasopharyngeal microbiota in infants with severe bronchiolitis date = 2019-01-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3590 sentences = 188 flesch = 40 summary = To address the knowledge gap, we examined the association between rhinovirus species and the nasopharyngeal airway microbiota determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing in 774 infants with severe bronchiolitis. Briefly, 1016 infants (age <1 year) hospitalized for bronchiolitis were enrolled in 17 sites across 14 US states (see Table E1 in this article's Online in PBMC-engrafted mice (n 5 14-16 per group) without or with injection of neutrophils and subsequent intranasal challenge with birch pollen extract (BPE) or PBS. 7 Our observations-for example, the association between RV-C and higher likelihood of Moraxella-dominant microbiota-corroborate these earlier findings, and extend them by applying 16S rRNA gene sequencing to the airway samples of a large multicenter prospective cohort of infants with severe bronchiolitis. Despite this complexity, the identification of the association between specific virus species and airway microbiota in infants with bronchiolitis is important given their relation to subsequent respiratory health in children. cache = ./cache/cord-264311-t81r2l3r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264311-t81r2l3r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252950-eiphxwmn author = Trouillet-Assant, Sophie title = Type I IFN immunoprofiling in COVID-19 patients date = 2020-04-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1555 sentences = 118 flesch = 53 summary = COVID patients in ICU present a high mortality rate and immunoprofiling reveals heterogeneous IFN-α2 production with about 20% of critically-ill patients unable to produce IFN-α2, highlighting the immune response heterogeneity and opening avenues for targeted therapies. 42 Capsule summary: 43 COVID patients in ICU present a high mortality rate and immunoprofiling reveals heterogeneous α2 production with about 20% of critically-ill patients unable to produce IFN-α2, highlighting the 45 immune response heterogeneity and opening avenues for targeted therapies. Various immunosuppressive drugs, including IL-6 blockers or JAK-STAT signaling inhibitors have been 56 suggested for the treatment of SARS-COV-2 infection 2 whereas additional clinical trials are evaluating 57 the use of recombinant interferon to foster host antiviral response. To date, IFN-I response has not been evaluated in COVID-19 60 patients and its contribution to the viral control and inflammation is unknown. We further explored a larger cohort of 26 critically ill COVID patients from one of the intensive care 75 unit (ICU) at Hospices Civils de Lyon (Lyon, France). cache = ./cache/cord-252950-eiphxwmn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252950-eiphxwmn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-034640-ygtbuy4k author = nan title = Corrigenda date = 2020-11-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 264 sentences = 27 flesch = 45 summary = key: cord-034640-ygtbuy4k authors: nan cord_uid: ygtbuy4k This is highlighted by preliminary findings in a recent study demonstrating the efficacy of dexamethasone in reducing mortality in critically ill patients with COVID-19, but showing no benefit in those not requiring respiratory support. 4 Furthermore, our study 5 demonstrated a ''dose-response,'' with greater degrees of respiratory allergy being associated with larger reductions in angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 gene expression in the nasal epithelium, and the impact of suppressing type 2 inflammation in these individuals is not currently known. SARS-CoV-2 reverse genetics reveals a variable infection gradient in the respiratory tract Effect of dexamethasone in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: preliminary report Association of respiratory allergy, asthma, and expression of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 The names were shown as Gregori Silvia, PhD, and Aiuti Alessandro, MD, PhD. The first and last names of both authors were inadvertently reversed and should be Silvia Gregori cache = ./cache/cord-034640-ygtbuy4k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-034640-ygtbuy4k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-303135-rx21ajiw author = Jian, Li title = Perspective: COVID-19, implications of nasal diseases and consequences for their management date = 2020-05-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1723 sentences = 82 flesch = 47 summary = This leads us to the question whether treatment in patients with allergic rhinitis, normally INCS, or in severe patients with CRSwNP, nowadays including biologics to suppress type 2 immune reactions, should be continued in case of a SARS-CoV-2 infection. SARS-CoV-2 may also infect patients with severe asthma and CRSwNP, who might be under treatment with a type 2 biologic drug such as dupilumab, omalizumab, or mepolizumab. However, we begin to recognize that diseases of the upper airways or their management by corticosteroids and biologics do not seem to increase the risk of infection nor the risk for severe COVID-19. In research perspective, because the airway passage of nose and nasopharynx is the main entry for respiratory viruses including the SARS-CoV 2, the expression and its regulation of the ACE2 receptor and the TMPRSS2 protease are key topics for research and targets for interventions. SARS-CoV-2 entry genes are most highly expressed in nasal goblet and ciliated cells within human airways cache = ./cache/cord-303135-rx21ajiw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-303135-rx21ajiw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-265054-52eqdlef author = Schaller, Matthew title = Respiratory viral infections drive chemokine expression and exacerbate the asthmatic response date = 2006-08-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5418 sentences = 281 flesch = 40 summary = By this same theory, it has been demonstrated that chemokine levels produced during respiratory syncytial virus infection determine host responses to later immune stimuli in the lung, with the potential to augment the asthmatic response. 3 These studies are supported by clinical investigations that demonstrate that a relatively low number of influenza cases, versus RSV or rhinovirus infections, actually cause exacerbation of asthma and acute bronchiolitis in adults. A comparative study examining the effects of respiratory viruses on CXCL8 production found that although levels of CXCL8 protein in the nasal lavage fluid (NLF) of influenza virusand rhinovirus-infected patients correlated with a higher symptom score, this was not the case for RSV-infected patients. The recruitment of allergen-responsive T cells to the lung and draining lymph nodes has been linked to CCR1 in a murine model of RSV-induced exacerbation of allergic asthma (Schaller and Lukacs, unpublished data). cache = ./cache/cord-265054-52eqdlef.txt txt = ./txt/cord-265054-52eqdlef.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344759-7zs389m9 author = Shilts, Meghan H. title = Nasopharyngeal Haemophilus and Local Immune Response during Infant Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection date = 2020-07-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1817 sentences = 111 flesch = 50 summary = 128 129 One hundred and five (~34%) of the 309 infants with RSV-only ARIs enrolled in INSPIRE had 130 ≥1 nasal wash with 16S rRNA sequencing and immune mediator data available -obtained as Page 7 part of separate projects 5, 6 -and were thus included in our study. Cluster #1 also mainly included 147 infants with a higher relative abundance of Haemophilus in their nasopharynx (Figure 1) In unadjusted analyses, the nasopharyngeal relative abundance of Haemophilus was positively 152 correlated with the levels of 39 (~75%) of the 52 local immune mediators after controlling for 153 multiple comparisons (Figure 2A and Table E3 in the Online Repository). 8, 9 195 196 Our study has multiple strengths, including the population-based design of the parent study, the 197 close surveillance during the infants' first winter viral season to capture their initial RSV ARI, 198 the use of next-generation sequencing and high-throughput immune assays, and the use of 199 statistical analysis adjusting for potential confounders. cache = ./cache/cord-344759-7zs389m9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344759-7zs389m9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328210-qhl429fm author = Gelardi, Matteo title = The clinical relevance of the clinical cytological grading in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps date = 2020-06-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 665 sentences = 44 flesch = 53 summary = title: The clinical relevance of the clinical cytological grading in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps The clinical relevance of the clinical cytological grading in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps Smell dysfunction is a common symptom and has a diagnostic value in the workup of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) as recently outlined by Mullol et al. As a consequence, a clinical cytological grading (CCG), including the documentation of possible asthma, allergy, or aspirin sensitivity comorbidity, and the presence of eosinophils and/or mast cells in the nose, has been proposed as a precision medicine-based approach in the management of patients with CRSwNP. Non-surgical management of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps based on clinical cytological grading: a precision medicine-based approach Olfactory dysfunction in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps is associated with clinical-cytological grading severity cache = ./cache/cord-328210-qhl429fm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328210-qhl429fm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-259927-xh9cw9ao author = Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G. title = Promising approaches for the treatment and prevention of viral respiratory illnesses date = 2017-07-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7342 sentences = 400 flesch = 34 summary = When considering prevention or treatment of viral respiratory tract infections, potential targets include the causative pathogens themselves but also the immune response, disease transmission, or even just the symptoms. Here we provide an overview of the options and highlight some of the most promising approaches in vRTI treatment, including symptomatic medication, immunomodulatory drugs, antiviral agents, and natural products, as well as in vRTI prevention, ranging from vaccines to immunostimulators and public health policies. Early in vivo evidence suggested that azithromycin has anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects through induction of interferon-stimulated gene mRNA expression and reduced viral replication and release in patients with asthma and chronic obstructive lung disease. mAb therapies to viral infections, such as EBV (rituximab) or RSV (palivizumab), provide passive immunization and are licensed, whereas similar agents targeting influenza and other viruses are in preclinical development. cache = ./cache/cord-259927-xh9cw9ao.txt txt = ./txt/cord-259927-xh9cw9ao.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-010159-uo47oab1 author = Jartti, Tuomas title = Respiratory viruses and acute asthma in children date = 2007-04-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 571 sentences = 41 flesch = 56 summary = title: Respiratory viruses and acute asthma in children We read with great interest the article by Khetsuriani et al 1 on the prevalence of respiratory tract viruses in children with asthma. The results of PCR analysis of combined nasopharyngeal and throat swabs for 13 different viruses were positive in 63% of patients with asthma exacerbation in the 1-year study. We disagree with the low virus detection rate reported by Khetsuriani et al 1 because many studies in wheezing children have shown virus detection rates of close to 90%. 1 Interestingly, 2 or more viruses were detected in 43% of the children compared with 7% in the study by Khetsuriani et al. Our findings suggest that nearly all exacerbations of asthma in children necessitating hospitalization are associated with viral infection. Prevalence of viral respiratory tract infections in children with asthma Human bocavirus and acute wheezing in children cache = ./cache/cord-010159-uo47oab1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-010159-uo47oab1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304320-1oaobtlx author = Lee, Pui Y. title = Immune dysregulation and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) in individuals with haploinsufficiency of SOCS1 date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1374 sentences = 119 flesch = 57 summary = One patient developed Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) in the setting of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Discussion Heterozygous loss-of-function SOCS1 mutations are associated with enhanced interferon signaling and increased immune cell activation, thereby predisposing to infection-associated autoimmune cytopenias. 2, 4 In a recent study detailing 88 outcomes of whole-genome sequencing for patients with primary immunodeficiency, SOCS1 89 haploinsufficiency was briefly described in two individuals with recurrent bacterial infections and 90 severe multi-systemic autoimmunity. Individuals with Evans syndrome (ES) present with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), 93 autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), and/or immune neutropenia arising from either primary 94 or secondary causes. Patient 1 presented at five months of age with fever, otitis media, oral ulcers, and developed ITP (61 x 10 3 platelets/µL, normal 215-448 x 10 3 platelets/µL; Fig. 1A ). At two years 107 of age, in addition to ITP and immune neutropenia, he developed a warm antibody AIHA with a 108 hemoglobin of 4.4 g/dL (normal 10.5-13.0 g/dL). cache = ./cache/cord-304320-1oaobtlx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304320-1oaobtlx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-314640-vik5rgnq author = Ohkubo, Kimihiro title = Aminopeptidase activity in human nasal mucosa()()()() date = 2005-11-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4321 sentences = 256 flesch = 53 summary = Several aminopeptidase (Ap) activities were defined by (1) substrate specificity with leucine-enkephalin (leu-Ap) and alanine-nitroanilide (ala-Ap), (2) inhibitor studies with puromycin and bestatin, (3) enzyme activity histochemistry (zymography), (4) immunohistochemistry, and (5) gel electrophoresis. To begin defining the physiology of aminopeptidases in airways, we have used multiple assays to characterize aminopeptidase activity in soluble and membrane fractions of human nasal mucosa. Enkephalin-degrading aminopeptidase activity was expressed as picomoles of leuenkephalin metabolized per minute per milligram of protein for extracts, or as picomoles of leu-enkephalin metabolized per minute per milliliter for nasal lavage fluid samples. Alanine aminopeptidase (Ala-Ap) assay samples (25 µL) were added to cuvettes containing 1.65 mL of 10 mmol/L tris HCl buffer (pH 7.4), 1 µmol/L phosphoramidon, and 10 µmol/L captopril, mixed thoroughly, and incubated for 1 minute. cache = ./cache/cord-314640-vik5rgnq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-314640-vik5rgnq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270635-l8380adr author = Maggi, Enrico title = COVID-19: unanswered questions on immune response and pathogenesis date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 880 sentences = 64 flesch = 60 summary = It is generally accepted that only achieving a better understanding of the interactions between the virus and host immune response and of the pathogenesis of infection is crucial to identify valid therapeutic tools to control virus entry, replication and spread as well as to impair its lethal effects. On this basis, we also touch important aspects regarding the immune response in asymptomatic subjects, the immune-evasion of SARS-CoV-2 in severe patients and differences in disease severity by age and gender. This implies to be able to answer many questions on the virus itself, on the pathogenesis of infection, on the 81 host immune response and to identify therapeutic tools to control virus entry into the cells, its replication and 82 spread as well as its lethal effects. Humoral Immune Responses SARS-CoV 3 -Seroconversion few days after the disease onset and specific IgG detectable in most patients by 14 days. cache = ./cache/cord-270635-l8380adr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270635-l8380adr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281566-6v5zfue6 author = Hamilos, Daniel L. title = Host-microbial interactions in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis date = 2013-11-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11724 sentences = 629 flesch = 37 summary = 12 Our group found that cultured airway epithelial cells from patients with CRSsNP had an exaggerated response to stimulation with the combination of double-stranded RNA (a Toll-like receptor [TLR] 3 agonist and surrogate for viral infection) plus cigarette smoke extract, with exaggerated production of RANTES and hBD-2. Ramanathan et al 3 showed that culturing human sinonasal epithelial cells in the presence of the T H 2 cytokines IL-4 or IL-13 for 36 hours reduced expression of antimicrobial innate immune genes by using real-time PCR, ELISA, and flow cytometry, including TLR9, hBD-2, and SP-A. This has been shown in cultured airway epithelial cells and dispersed T lymphocytes from NPs. Fungi are commonly detected in the attached mucus of sinus tissues in patients with CRS 47,165 and can induce eosinophil activation and degranulation. Th2 cytokines associated with chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps down-regulate the antimicrobial immune function of human sinonasal epithelial cells Th2 cytokines associated with chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps down-regulate the antimicrobial immune function of human sinonasal epithelial cells cache = ./cache/cord-281566-6v5zfue6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281566-6v5zfue6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284053-tna7e9dw author = Kimura, Hiroki title = Type 2 Inflammation Modulates ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in Airway Epithelial Cells date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2957 sentences = 193 flesch = 53 summary = Objective To extend our work in interleukin (IL)-13 biology to determine if airway epithelial cell expression of two key mediators critical for SARS-CoV-2 infection, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2) are modulated by IL-13. Methods We determined effects of IL-13 treatment on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression ex vivo in primary airway epithelial cells from participants with and without type 2 asthma obtained by bronchoscopy. Here, we demonstrate that interleukin (IL)-13, a cytokine associated 115 with type 2 (T2) asthma, suppresses ACE2 receptor expression and significantly 116 increases TMPRSS2 expression in airway epithelial cells from participants with T2 117 asthma and atopy. In addition, participants who are defined as T2 high based upon three gene 246 signatures (CLCA1, POSTN, SERPINB2) (17) also demonstrate lower nasal epithelial 247 ACE2 expression compared to the T2 low and healthy control groups (Fig 2C) . cache = ./cache/cord-284053-tna7e9dw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284053-tna7e9dw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334801-p5mxc694 author = Van Singer, Mathias title = COVID-19 risk stratification algorithms based on sTREM-1 and IL-6 in emergency department date = 2020-10-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2006 sentences = 129 flesch = 50 summary = We evaluated the accuracy of clinical signs and these biomarkers in predicting 30-day intubation/mortality, and oxygen requirement by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and by classification and regression tree analysis. sTREM-1-and IL-6-based algorithms are 54 highly sensitive to identify patients with adverse outcome and could serve as early triage The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has led to 84 surges of patients that can overwhelm health systems (1) (2) (3) (4) . Current prediction 90 models to support clinical decision making for Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients 91 were developed based on demographics, clinical signs and symptoms, imaging techniques, 92 biomarkers or a combination of these variables, however most are poorly validated and at risk 93 of bias (10). 282 The CRT analysis performed with all clinical signs, severity scores and biomarkers to predict Since we could also use this triage tool to identify patients at high risk of poor outcomes, we 290 tested this algorithm to predict 7-and 30-day intubation/death. cache = ./cache/cord-334801-p5mxc694.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334801-p5mxc694.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347512-veavzt6d author = Ueland, Thor title = Elevated plasma sTIM-3 levels in severe Covid-19 patients date = 2020-09-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1926 sentences = 136 flesch = 58 summary = Methods We analyzed plasma levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO, neutrophil activation), soluble (s) CD25 and soluble T cell immunoglobulin mucin domain-3 (sTIM-3) (markers of T cell activation and exhaustion) and sCD14 and sCD163 (markers of monocyte/macrophage activation) in 39 COVID-19 infected patients at hospital admission and two additional times during the first 10 days in relation to the need for ICU treatment. Results Our major findings were: (i) Severe clinical outcome (ICU) was associated with high plasma levels sTIM-3 and MPO suggesting activated and potentially exhausted T cells and activated neutrophils, respectively. Patients admitted to ICU were characterized by high levels of the T cell activation marker sCD25 and sTIM-3 in à priori analysis, and for sTIM-3 also in posthoc testing. In contrast to the T cell markers and MPO, plasma levels of sCD14 and sCD163, reflecting activation of monocytes/macrophages, were similar in ICU and non-ICU patients ( Figure 1 ). cache = ./cache/cord-347512-veavzt6d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347512-veavzt6d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349754-v6lll1xy author = Zhu, Zhaozhong title = Investigating asthma heterogeneity through shared and distinct genetics: insights from genome-wide cross-trait analysis date = 2020-07-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1776 sentences = 105 flesch = 41 summary = title: Investigating asthma heterogeneity through shared and distinct genetics: insights from genome-wide cross-trait analysis The genome-wide cross-trait analysis features in several analytical aspects: genetic correlation, cross-trait meta-analysis, Mendelian randomization, polygenic risk score and functional analysis. A major advantage going from phenotypic correlations to genetic 138 correlations is to improve understanding of the mechanism(s)-shared genetic components can 139 be identified at different levels, from whole genome to individual variants, providing insights 140 into the reasons why asthma and coexistent diseases or traits are correlated. 26-29 A genome-wide cross-trait analysis features several analyses: 173 genetic correlation, cross-trait meta-analysis, Mendelian randomization, polygenic risk score, 174 and GWAS functional analysis. Of note, the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region (chr6: 25-34Mb) was found to be 262 shared in the cross-trait meta-analysis of allergic disease and asthma as well as that between 263 major depressive disorder and asthma. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) An analytical method that tests the association between each genetic variant and a specific phenotype (a disease status or a quantitative trait). cache = ./cache/cord-349754-v6lll1xy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349754-v6lll1xy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302886-5zjghwkq author = Ronit, Andreas title = Compartmental immunophenotyping in COVID-19 ARDS: A case series date = 2020-10-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4604 sentences = 240 flesch = 47 summary = OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to phenotype leukocyte subpopulations and the cytokine milieu in the lungs and blood of critically ill patients with COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Although the available evidence favors the presence of severe immunopathology during COVID-19 ARDS, the compartmental transmission of immunoinflammatory processes between blood and lungs remains unexplored, and characterization of distinct leukocyte subpopulations and their cytokine mediators could thus potentially reveal both novel therapeutic targets and guide the timing of treatment. In the present study, we immunophenotyped bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and blood of mechanically ventilated patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 ARDS. [33] [34] [35] A recent study performed genome-wide transcriptome sequencing of RNA obtained from BALF in 3 patients with COVID-19 with unknown disease severity; it reported different expression of 1004 genes, including a high expression of cytokines such as MCP-1, IP-10, MIP-1A, and MIP-1B. In conclusion, our study provides novel phenotypic insight into the cell composition and inflammatory mediators simultaneously present in the lungs and blood in patients with COVID-19 ARDS. cache = ./cache/cord-302886-5zjghwkq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302886-5zjghwkq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323695-jkik03lb author = Paolo, Gisondi title = Incidence rates of hospitalization and death from COVID-19 in patients with psoriasis receiving biological treatment: a Northern Italy experience date = 2020-11-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1745 sentences = 88 flesch = 46 summary = Objective investigating the incidence of hospitalization and death for COVID-19 in a large sample of patients with plaque psoriasis receiving biologic therapies compared with the general population. Materials and methods This is a retrospective multicenter cohort study including patients with chronic plaque psoriasis (n=6,501) being treated with biologic therapy and regularly followed up at the Divisions of Dermatology of several main hospitals in the Northern Italian cities of Verona, Padua, Vicenza, Modena, Bologna, Piacenza, Turin, and Milan. Incidence rates (IR) of hospitalization and death per 10,000 person-months with exact mid-p 95% confidence intervals (CI) and standardized incidence ratios (SIR) were estimated in the psoriasis patients and compared with the general population in the same geographic areas. We would not advise biologic discontinuation in patients on treatment since more than 6 months and not infected with SARS-CoV-2 to prevent hospitalization and death from COVID-19. In this study, we evaluated the incidence of hospitalization and death for COVID-19 in a large sample of patients with plaque psoriasis receiving biologic therapies compared with the general population. cache = ./cache/cord-323695-jkik03lb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323695-jkik03lb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258093-6fn8ei9f author = Hanania, Nicola A. title = Asthma in the elderly: Current understanding and future research needs—a report of a National Institute on Aging (NIA) workshop date = 2011-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 17044 sentences = 940 flesch = 47 summary = The aging lung Large, longitudinal, and more complete studies to determine the effects of aging on the function of the respiratory system Improved knowledge about lung structure-function relationships in older age using techniques of imaging and measures of lung function not requiring effort (eg, high-resolution computed tomographic scanning and forced oscillation) Improved assessment of lung processes underlying airflow limitation attributable to aging versus COPD or asthma, especially in asthmatic patients who smoke Studies to examine the effects of aging in ethnic groups and the role of gender Epidemiology, effect, diagnosis, and management Determine the true prevalence and cost of asthma in the older population Develop a uniform definition of asthma to be applied to health care records that will distinguish asthma from COPD and mixed asthma/COPD Evaluate evidence-based treatment algorithms for older asthmatic patients, such as those developed by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Global Initiative For Asthma guidelines 7 Assess the effect of asthma treatment, including direct medical costs of care, indirect costs of care, and value of treatment in improving quality of life 8, 9 Assess the effect of comorbid conditions, especially COPD and congestive heart failure, on asthma 9 Characterize phenotypes of elderly asthma with regard to responses to therapy and long-term outcomes based on age of onset, duration of disease, and environmental triggers Develop algorithms for electronic medical record systems that are asthma-specific Evaluate effects of current asthma medications in older patients compared with younger patients Identify pharmacogenetic determinants of response to asthma medications in older adults Identify simpler and safer drug delivery systems and schedules for older adults Develop simple methods to differentiate COPD from asthma exacerbations in older adults cache = ./cache/cord-258093-6fn8ei9f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258093-6fn8ei9f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269776-hj1s3ipp author = Agostoni, Angelo title = Hereditary and acquired angioedema: Problems and progress: Proceedings of the third C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency workshop and beyond date = 2004-09-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 49824 sentences = 2688 flesch = 44 summary = Concerning HAE-I and HAE-II, just as variations in serum concentrations of APP appear to determine which individuals in a normal population develop angioedema with a second perturbation of kinin metabolism, such as the use of ACE inhibitors, 96 it could be speculated that variations in either kinin activation or inactivation pathways might contribute to the differences in severity of angioedema in individuals with a pre-existing perturbation in kinin metabolism, such as a mutation in C1-INH (as occurs in HAE). 13, 14, 27 This increase in plasma bradykinin was demonstrated both for patients with HAE with C1-INH deficiency and for patients with drug-associated angioedema who had an angioedematous attack in conjunction with ACE inhibitor treatment. The patient's daughter had recurrent skin angioedema and gastrointestinal pain attacks since age 12 years; therefore, with a normal C1-INH concentration and activity in both mother and daughter, a diagnosis of HAE type III was assumed. cache = ./cache/cord-269776-hj1s3ipp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269776-hj1s3ipp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272214-rwkfev8j author = Kaplan, Allen P. title = Pathways for Bradykinin Formation and Interrelationship with Complement as a Cause of Edematous Lung in COVID-19 Patients date = 2020-10-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1285 sentences = 81 flesch = 60 summary = 46 47 There are two general pathways for the production of bradykinin, the first being the release of 48 cellular tissue kallikrein which cleaves low molecular weight kininogen (LK) to release lys-49 bradykinin (Fig. 1) . An alternative process requires 85 carboxypeptidase activity (carboxypeptidase N in plasma and carboxypeptidase M on pulmonary 86 vascular endothelial cells) to first remove the C-terminal arg from either bradykinin (plasma 87 cascade) or lys-bradykinin (tissue kallikrein product) (Fig. 1) . Studies of gene expression in 97 bronchoalveolar lavage specimens of COVID-19 patients(5), when compared to normal control 98 specimens, reveal upregulation of multiple components that lead to bradykinin production and 99 expression for C1-INH was decreased 33-fold which would render the plasma bradykinin 102 cascade labile and overreactive as we see in C1-INH deficiency (types I and II HAE) in which 103 enzymes not adequately inhibited by C1-INH include both forms of activated factor XII, plasma 104 kallikrein, and C1r. cache = ./cache/cord-272214-rwkfev8j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272214-rwkfev8j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260700-u12aa739 author = Kainulainen, Leena title = Recurrent and persistent respiratory tract viral infections in patients with primary hypogammaglobulinemia date = 2010-06-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3686 sentences = 248 flesch = 46 summary = title: Recurrent and persistent respiratory tract viral infections in patients with primary hypogammaglobulinemia OBJECTIVE: We conducted a prospective 12-month follow-up study of respiratory tract infections in 12 adult patients with primary hypogammaglobulinemia. METHODS: Nasal swab samples and induced sputum samples were taken at the onset of acute respiratory tract infection and every 3 months thereafter. CONCLUSIONS: Despite adequate immunoglobulin replacement therapy, patients with primary hypogammaglobulinemia have increased susceptibility to respiratory tract viral infections. Using modern diagnostic techniques, we wanted to study the occurrence of respiratory tract infections, especially viral infections, in patients with primary hypogammaglobulinemia who were receiving regular immunoglobulin replacement therapy. If the spouse of the patient had acute symptoms of respiratory tract infection, she or he took nasal swabs at home according to the instructions of the research nurse and sent the vials by post. First, despite adequate immunoglobulin replacement therapy, most patients with primary hypogammaglobulinemia had increased susceptibility to respiratory tract viral infections. cache = ./cache/cord-260700-u12aa739.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260700-u12aa739.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-007866-2d6003r9 author = Renz, Harald title = Autophagy: Nobel Prize 2016 and allergy and asthma research date = 2017-04-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1053 sentences = 67 flesch = 47 summary = The 2016 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Yoshinori Ohsumi, Professor at the Tokyo Institute of Technology, for ''recycling.'' Recycling on the cellular level is termed autophagy and is a fundamental process for degrading and recycling cellular components. A new type of vesicle was discovered and named autophagosomes, describing a process of ''self-eating'' to understand the mechanism of how such large cargos get into the lysosome. Although little work has been carried out in this regard thus far, there are convincing data available linking autophagy in airway epithelium, and autophagy might be essential for bronchial epithelial mucus secretion, as has been shown in an allergic asthma model. IL13 activates autophagy to regulate secretion in airway epithelial cells The complex roles of endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy in modulating Eotaxin-3 production and secretion from human airway epithelial cells cache = ./cache/cord-007866-2d6003r9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-007866-2d6003r9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-025380-6bagohw8 author = Navel, Valentin title = Reply date = 2020-05-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 756 sentences = 54 flesch = 59 summary = Globally, emerging data may identify air pollution as a modulator to DNA methylation (DNAm) disturbing the inflammation process, allergic diseases development, and exacerbation risk. Considering that SARS-CoV-2 infection involves a proinflammatory cytokine storm as IL-6 and IL-1b, a putative hypothesis could explain that populations exposed to chronic air pollution are associated with a different COVID-19 incidence in line with chronic epigenetic deregulation. Affecting the immune system and the inflammatory pathways, DNAm related to air pollution could explain the disparities in COVID-19 in geographic zones in which genetically predisposed populations were living in climate favoring SARS-CoV-2 distribution. cache = ./cache/cord-025380-6bagohw8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-025380-6bagohw8.txt ===== Reducing email addresses Creating transaction Updating adr table ===== Reducing keywords cord-007385-xcx4ic0s cord-255794-55ubow92 cord-287063-kheek4lx cord-328210-qhl429fm cord-256788-h4iv8crq cord-252950-eiphxwmn cord-303135-rx21ajiw cord-025380-6bagohw8 cord-314640-vik5rgnq cord-284053-tna7e9dw cord-010159-uo47oab1 cord-302886-5zjghwkq cord-032811-sdbj26ca cord-346835-gg3xespb cord-304549-e8q8mck4 cord-334801-p5mxc694 cord-007866-2d6003r9 cord-260700-u12aa739 cord-264311-t81r2l3r cord-269776-hj1s3ipp cord-258093-6fn8ei9f cord-034640-ygtbuy4k cord-304320-1oaobtlx cord-284576-nemh4wdo cord-323695-jkik03lb cord-341650-f8orw6ro cord-265054-52eqdlef cord-313058-nrrl4kjc cord-344759-7zs389m9 cord-281566-6v5zfue6 cord-270635-l8380adr cord-304140-4l574k3q cord-259927-xh9cw9ao cord-272214-rwkfev8j cord-327076-qq5499qg cord-286477-0euaaspo cord-027511-j5ayp0tv cord-349754-v6lll1xy cord-347512-veavzt6d Creating transaction Updating wrd table ===== Reducing urls cord-303135-rx21ajiw cord-304140-4l574k3q cord-344759-7zs389m9 cord-284053-tna7e9dw cord-258093-6fn8ei9f cord-269776-hj1s3ipp cord-281566-6v5zfue6 Creating transaction Updating url table ===== Reducing named entities cord-007385-xcx4ic0s cord-255794-55ubow92 cord-256788-h4iv8crq cord-286477-0euaaspo cord-032811-sdbj26ca cord-328210-qhl429fm cord-027511-j5ayp0tv cord-304140-4l574k3q cord-007866-2d6003r9 cord-304549-e8q8mck4 cord-284576-nemh4wdo cord-346835-gg3xespb cord-287063-kheek4lx cord-334801-p5mxc694 cord-313058-nrrl4kjc cord-304320-1oaobtlx cord-327076-qq5499qg cord-281566-6v5zfue6 cord-252950-eiphxwmn cord-314640-vik5rgnq cord-034640-ygtbuy4k cord-010159-uo47oab1 cord-341650-f8orw6ro cord-264311-t81r2l3r cord-258093-6fn8ei9f cord-302886-5zjghwkq cord-259927-xh9cw9ao cord-284053-tna7e9dw cord-323695-jkik03lb cord-270635-l8380adr cord-272214-rwkfev8j cord-260700-u12aa739 cord-303135-rx21ajiw cord-349754-v6lll1xy cord-265054-52eqdlef cord-347512-veavzt6d cord-025380-6bagohw8 cord-344759-7zs389m9 cord-269776-hj1s3ipp Creating transaction Updating ent table ===== Reducing parts of speech cord-255794-55ubow92 cord-328210-qhl429fm cord-032811-sdbj26ca cord-334801-p5mxc694 cord-286477-0euaaspo cord-287063-kheek4lx cord-284576-nemh4wdo cord-304320-1oaobtlx cord-265054-52eqdlef cord-264311-t81r2l3r cord-007866-2d6003r9 cord-341650-f8orw6ro cord-346835-gg3xespb cord-256788-h4iv8crq cord-347512-veavzt6d cord-010159-uo47oab1 cord-034640-ygtbuy4k cord-349754-v6lll1xy cord-027511-j5ayp0tv cord-344759-7zs389m9 cord-025380-6bagohw8 cord-304549-e8q8mck4 cord-314640-vik5rgnq cord-272214-rwkfev8j cord-303135-rx21ajiw cord-327076-qq5499qg cord-323695-jkik03lb cord-260700-u12aa739 cord-252950-eiphxwmn cord-313058-nrrl4kjc cord-302886-5zjghwkq cord-304140-4l574k3q cord-270635-l8380adr cord-259927-xh9cw9ao cord-284053-tna7e9dw cord-007385-xcx4ic0s cord-281566-6v5zfue6 cord-258093-6fn8ei9f cord-269776-hj1s3ipp Creating transaction Updating pos table Building ./etc/reader.txt cord-269776-hj1s3ipp cord-258093-6fn8ei9f cord-281566-6v5zfue6 cord-269776-hj1s3ipp cord-260700-u12aa739 cord-256788-h4iv8crq number of items: 39 sum of words: 163,049 average size in words: 4,180 average readability score: 49 nouns: patients; asthma; infection; angioedema; cells; disease; study; virus; treatment; cell; expression; studies; response; symptoms; gene; attacks; type; factor; infections; age; levels; inhibitor; tract; bradykinin; children; activation; protein; data; plasma; function; effects; analysis; nasal; airway; rhinovirus; therapy; patient; deficiency; activity; risk; years; results; use; role; viruses; production; subjects; receptor; infants; cases verbs: using; increase; associated; including; showed; induce; found; reported; cause; identify; reduce; compared; suggest; related; based; described; occurred; resulting; determine; leads; provided; concentrated; demonstrated; decreased; developed; known; required; performed; observed; treated; detect; followed; activated; see; assess; received; involved; acquired; produced; correlates; affects; controlled; appear; took; studying; infected; aged; measured; express; defined adjectives: respiratory; viral; clinical; severe; human; acute; immune; high; normal; elderly; chronic; hereditary; specific; epithelial; allergic; older; common; inflammatory; low; genetic; several; different; many; asthmatic; higher; first; bacterial; new; similar; functional; syncytial; significant; important; positive; healthy; abdominal; innate; early; primary; lower; effective; present; molecular; recent; major; upper; antiviral; medical; long; anti adverbs: also; however; well; often; even; therefore; approximately; significantly; furthermore; previously; highly; less; still; recently; especially; frequently; currently; usually; respectively; potentially; particularly; later; together; now; yet; first; likely; commonly; rather; moreover; finally; specifically; indeed; critically; clinically; relatively; mainly; subsequently; just; interestingly; much; far; clearly; typically; successfully; nonetheless; always; notably; nevertheless; generally pronouns: it; we; their; its; i; our; they; her; his; them; my; he; she; itself; one; themselves; us; you; myself; me; him; ourselves; herself; cord-034640-ygtbuy4k; a1-antitrypsin proper nouns: C1-INH; HAE; RSV; COVID-19; Fig; SARS; T; CRS; C1; CoV-2; II; IFN; XII; Table; kallikrein; PCR; J; C; ACE2; RNA; A; IgE; Ap; AAE; IL-6; HRV; L; Asthma; COPD; Allergy; rhC1-INH; RAG1; Immunol; Clin; C1NH; CD8; mg; III; BALF; ARI; TMPRSS2; ICU; CD4; Online; ACE; I; CCL5; IL-13; leu; S keywords: covid-19; patient; sars; rsv; respiratory; xii; virus; ifn; genetic; frédéric; disease; asthma; ace2; vaccine; urt; treatment; trait; tmprss2; socs1; rna; rhinosinusitis; ragd; rag1; pcr; old; mis; microbiota; inhibitor; infection; il-6; il-4; il-22; iii; ifv; ifng; icu; hrv; hrt; hereditary; haemophilus; hae; france; elderly; crs; copd; common; cold; chronic; cd8; ccg one topic; one dimension: patients file(s): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7112258/ titles(s): The common cold: Current therapy and natural history()()() three topics; one dimension: c1; respiratory; patients file(s): https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0091674904017579, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24290275/, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0091674913018484 titles(s): Hereditary and acquired angioedema: Problems and progress: Proceedings of the third C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency workshop and beyond | Host-microbial interactions in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis | Similar recombination-activating gene (RAG) mutations result in similar immunobiological effects but in different clinical phenotypes five topics; three dimensions: c1 inh hae; respiratory patients infection; patients covid il; asthma patients elderly; phe ruxolitinib pro file(s): https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0091674904017579, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24290275/, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0091674913018484, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21872730/, https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0091674920315025 titles(s): Hereditary and acquired angioedema: Problems and progress: Proceedings of the third C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency workshop and beyond | Host-microbial interactions in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis | Similar recombination-activating gene (RAG) mutations result in similar immunobiological effects but in different clinical phenotypes | Asthma in the elderly: Current understanding and future research needs—a report of a National Institute on Aging (NIA) workshop | Pathways for Bradykinin Formation and Interrelationship with Complement as a Cause of Edematous Lung in COVID-19 Patients Type: cord title: journal-jAllergyClinImmunol-cord date: 2021-05-30 time: 15:05 username: emorgan patron: Eric Morgan email: emorgan@nd.edu input: facet_journal:"J Allergy Clin Immunol" ==== make-pages.sh htm files ==== make-pages.sh complex files ==== make-pages.sh named enities ==== making bibliographics id: cord-269776-hj1s3ipp author: Agostoni, Angelo title: Hereditary and acquired angioedema: Problems and progress: Proceedings of the third C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency workshop and beyond date: 2004-09-11 words: 49824 sentences: 2688 pages: flesch: 44 cache: ./cache/cord-269776-hj1s3ipp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269776-hj1s3ipp.txt summary: Concerning HAE-I and HAE-II, just as variations in serum concentrations of APP appear to determine which individuals in a normal population develop angioedema with a second perturbation of kinin metabolism, such as the use of ACE inhibitors, 96 it could be speculated that variations in either kinin activation or inactivation pathways might contribute to the differences in severity of angioedema in individuals with a pre-existing perturbation in kinin metabolism, such as a mutation in C1-INH (as occurs in HAE). 13, 14, 27 This increase in plasma bradykinin was demonstrated both for patients with HAE with C1-INH deficiency and for patients with drug-associated angioedema who had an angioedematous attack in conjunction with ACE inhibitor treatment. The patient''s daughter had recurrent skin angioedema and gastrointestinal pain attacks since age 12 years; therefore, with a normal C1-INH concentration and activity in both mother and daughter, a diagnosis of HAE type III was assumed. abstract: Hereditary angioedema (HAE), a rare but life-threatening condition, manifests as acute attacks of facial, laryngeal, genital, or peripheral swelling or abdominal pain secondary to intra-abdominal edema. Resulting from mutations affecting C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH), inhibitor of the first complement system component, attacks are not histamine-mediated and do not respond to antihistamines or corticosteroids. Low awareness and resemblance to other disorders often delay diagnosis; despite availability of C1-INH replacement in some countries, no approved, safe acute attack therapy exists in the United States. The biennial C1 Esterase Inhibitor Deficiency Workshops resulted from a European initiative for better knowledge and treatment of HAE and related diseases. This supplement contains work presented at the third workshop and expanded content toward a definitive picture of angioedema in the absence of allergy. Most notably, it includes cumulative genetic investigations; multinational laboratory diagnosis recommendations; current pathogenesis hypotheses; suggested prophylaxis and acute attack treatment, including home treatment; future treatment options; and analysis of patient subpopulations, including pediatric patients and patients whose angioedema worsened during pregnancy or hormone administration. Causes and management of acquired angioedema and a new type of angioedema with normal C1-INH are also discussed. Collaborative patient and physician efforts, crucial in rare diseases, are emphasized. This supplement seeks to raise awareness and aid diagnosis of HAE, optimize treatment for all patients, and provide a platform for further research in this rare, partially understood disorder. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0091674904017579 doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2004.06.047 id: cord-287063-kheek4lx author: Carroll, Kecia N. title: Influence of maternal asthma on the cause and severity of infant acute respiratory tract infections date: 2012-02-14 words: 4754 sentences: 225 pages: flesch: 47 cache: ./cache/cord-287063-kheek4lx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287063-kheek4lx.txt summary: In this investigation that included mother-infant dyads enrolled in the Tennessee Children''s Respiratory Initiative (TCRI), we tested the hypothesis that a familial atopic predisposition was associated with viral cause and increased severity of viral acute respiratory tract infection (ARI) during infancy. In our next set of analyses we examined whether having a mother with asthma (first defined by maternal self-report and then using the atopic asthma and nonatopic asthma classifications) was associated with increased severity of the infant''s HRV-or RSV-induced ARI. [5] [6] [7] 12, 22 Because of the known differential risk of early childhood asthma after RSV-and HRV-induced infant infections, we were interested in studying whether a familial predisposition to asthma and allergies was associated with the viral cause of the infant''s ARI and the severity of the ARI. abstract: BACKGROUND: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and rhinovirus infections are the most common significant infant respiratory tract illnesses and are associated with increased but differential risks of childhood asthma. OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine whether maternal asthma is associated with higher odds of infant respiratory tract infection with rhinovirus versus RSV and increased infection severity. METHODS: Mother-infant dyads were enrolled from 2004-2008 during an infant respiratory tract infection (104 with rhinovirus and 279 with RSV). Mothers were classified into mutually exclusive groups (atopic asthma, nonatopic asthma, and no asthma). We determined viral cause using PCR and the severity of the infant’s respiratory tract infection using the bronchiolitis severity score. Adjusted relative odds of maternal asthma with viral cause were calculated by using logistic regression. Proportional odds models assessed the association of maternal asthma and infant infection severity. RESULTS: Infants with a mother with atopic asthma compared with infants whose mothers did not have asthma were more likely to have rhinovirus versus RSV infection (adjusted odds ratio, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.19-4.90). Similarly, among infants with rhinovirus, having a mother with atopic asthma was associated with increased infection severity (adjusted odds ratio, 3.10; 95% CI, 1.21-7.98). This relationship was not seen among infants with RSV. CONCLUSIONS: Clinically significant rhinovirus infection during infancy was more strongly associated with having a mother with atopic asthma than clinically significant RSV infection. Having a mother with atopic asthma was associated with increased severity of infant rhinovirus but not RSV infections. Infants with rhinovirus were more likely to have a familial atopic predisposition, which might partly explain the subsequent increased asthma risk. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S009167491200139X doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.01.045 id: cord-255794-55ubow92 author: Galván-Román, José María title: IL-6 serum levels predict severity and response to Tocilizumab in COVID-19: an observational study date: 2020-09-30 words: 2800 sentences: 189 pages: flesch: 61 cache: ./cache/cord-255794-55ubow92.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255794-55ubow92.txt summary: Since 120 interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a relevant cytokine in ARDS, the blockade of its receptor with 121 Tocilizumab (TCZ) could reduce mortality and/or morbidity in severe Objective 123 To determine whether baseline IL-6 serum levels can predict the need for IMV and the 124 response to TCZ. Retrospective observational study performed in hospitalized patients diagnosed of Clinical information and laboratory findings, including IL-6 levels, were collected 128 approximately 3 and 9 days after admission to be matched with pre-and post-administration The recent exponential increase in cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by 181 coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led the World Health Organization to declare a pandemic. To determine the variables associated with the need for IMV, we performed a multivariable 296 logistic regression analysis that was first modeled by adding all the variables with a p value 297 lower than 0.15 in the bivariable analysis, namely total lymphocyte count, D-dimer, LDH, 298 PaO 2 /FiO 2 , COPD, obesity, hypertension, C-reactive protein, and IL-6 (high vs low). abstract: Background COVID-19 patients can develop a cytokine release syndrome that eventually leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Since interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a relevant cytokine in ARDS, the blockade of its receptor with Tocilizumab (TCZ) could reduce mortality and/or morbidity in severe COVID-19. Objective To determine whether baseline IL-6 serum levels can predict the need for IMV and the response to TCZ. Methods Retrospective observational study performed in hospitalized patients diagnosed of COVID-19. Clinical information and laboratory findings, including IL-6 levels, were collected approximately 3 and 9 days after admission to be matched with pre- and post-administration of TCZ. Multivariable logistic and linear regressions, and survival analysis were performed depending on outcomes: need for IMV, evolution of arterial oxygen tension/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio (PaO2/FiO2) or mortality. Results One hundred and forty-six patients were studied, predominantly male (66%); median age was 63 years. Forty-four patients (30%) required IMV, and 58 patients (40%) received treatment with TCZ. IL-6 levels>30 pg/ml was the best predictor for IMV (OR:7.1; p<0.001). Early administration of TCZ was associated with improvement of oxygenation (PaO2/FiO2) in patients with high IL-6 (p=0.048). Patients with high IL-6 not treated with TCZ showed high mortality (HR: 4.6; p=0.003), as well as those with low IL-6 treated with TCZ (HR: 3.6; p=0.016). No relevant serious adverse events were observed in TCZ-treated patients. Conclusion Baseline IL-6>30 pg/ml predicts IMV requirement in patients with COVID-19 and contributes to establish an adequate indication for TCZ administration. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0091674920313294?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.09.018 id: cord-328210-qhl429fm author: Gelardi, Matteo title: The clinical relevance of the clinical cytological grading in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps date: 2020-06-24 words: 665 sentences: 44 pages: flesch: 53 cache: ./cache/cord-328210-qhl429fm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328210-qhl429fm.txt summary: title: The clinical relevance of the clinical cytological grading in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps The clinical relevance of the clinical cytological grading in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps Smell dysfunction is a common symptom and has a diagnostic value in the workup of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) as recently outlined by Mullol et al. As a consequence, a clinical cytological grading (CCG), including the documentation of possible asthma, allergy, or aspirin sensitivity comorbidity, and the presence of eosinophils and/or mast cells in the nose, has been proposed as a precision medicine-based approach in the management of patients with CRSwNP. Non-surgical management of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps based on clinical cytological grading: a precision medicine-based approach Olfactory dysfunction in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps is associated with clinical-cytological grading severity abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0091674920306783 doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.04.049 id: cord-281566-6v5zfue6 author: Hamilos, Daniel L. title: Host-microbial interactions in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis date: 2013-11-28 words: 11724 sentences: 629 pages: flesch: 37 cache: ./cache/cord-281566-6v5zfue6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281566-6v5zfue6.txt summary: 12 Our group found that cultured airway epithelial cells from patients with CRSsNP had an exaggerated response to stimulation with the combination of double-stranded RNA (a Toll-like receptor [TLR] 3 agonist and surrogate for viral infection) plus cigarette smoke extract, with exaggerated production of RANTES and hBD-2. Ramanathan et al 3 showed that culturing human sinonasal epithelial cells in the presence of the T H 2 cytokines IL-4 or IL-13 for 36 hours reduced expression of antimicrobial innate immune genes by using real-time PCR, ELISA, and flow cytometry, including TLR9, hBD-2, and SP-A. This has been shown in cultured airway epithelial cells and dispersed T lymphocytes from NPs. Fungi are commonly detected in the attached mucus of sinus tissues in patients with CRS 47,165 and can induce eosinophil activation and degranulation. Th2 cytokines associated with chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps down-regulate the antimicrobial immune function of human sinonasal epithelial cells Th2 cytokines associated with chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps down-regulate the antimicrobial immune function of human sinonasal epithelial cells abstract: There has been considerable investigation of host-microbial interactions in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in hopes of elucidating mechanisms of disease and better treatment. Most attention has been paid to bacterial infection and potential underlying defects in innate immunity. Bacterial biofilm is present in most patients with CRS undergoing surgical intervention, and its presence is associated with more severe disease and worse surgical outcomes. A role for viral or fungal infection in patients with CRS is less clear. There is no evidence for a primary defect in mucociliary clearance in most patients with CRS. Decreased levels of certain antimicrobial proteins, most notably lactoferrin, have been found in sinus secretions, whereas levels of other antimicrobial proteins have been found to be normal. No primary defects in Toll-like receptors have been found in patients with CRS, although a 50% reduced expression of Toll-like receptor 9 was reported in patients with recalcitrant nasal polyps. A polymorphism in a bitter taste receptor was recently associated with refractory CRS and persistent Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. A downregulation of innate immunity by maladaptive T(H)2 tissue inflammation has also been described in patients with recalcitrant nasal polyps, suggesting a link to persistent infection. To date, an effective means of restoring host-microbial balance and mitigating disease in patients with CRS remains elusive. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24290275/ doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.06.049 id: cord-258093-6fn8ei9f author: Hanania, Nicola A. title: Asthma in the elderly: Current understanding and future research needs—a report of a National Institute on Aging (NIA) workshop date: 2011-08-25 words: 17044 sentences: 940 pages: flesch: 47 cache: ./cache/cord-258093-6fn8ei9f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258093-6fn8ei9f.txt summary: The aging lung Large, longitudinal, and more complete studies to determine the effects of aging on the function of the respiratory system Improved knowledge about lung structure-function relationships in older age using techniques of imaging and measures of lung function not requiring effort (eg, high-resolution computed tomographic scanning and forced oscillation) Improved assessment of lung processes underlying airflow limitation attributable to aging versus COPD or asthma, especially in asthmatic patients who smoke Studies to examine the effects of aging in ethnic groups and the role of gender Epidemiology, effect, diagnosis, and management Determine the true prevalence and cost of asthma in the older population Develop a uniform definition of asthma to be applied to health care records that will distinguish asthma from COPD and mixed asthma/COPD Evaluate evidence-based treatment algorithms for older asthmatic patients, such as those developed by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Global Initiative For Asthma guidelines 7 Assess the effect of asthma treatment, including direct medical costs of care, indirect costs of care, and value of treatment in improving quality of life 8, 9 Assess the effect of comorbid conditions, especially COPD and congestive heart failure, on asthma 9 Characterize phenotypes of elderly asthma with regard to responses to therapy and long-term outcomes based on age of onset, duration of disease, and environmental triggers Develop algorithms for electronic medical record systems that are asthma-specific Evaluate effects of current asthma medications in older patients compared with younger patients Identify pharmacogenetic determinants of response to asthma medications in older adults Identify simpler and safer drug delivery systems and schedules for older adults Develop simple methods to differentiate COPD from asthma exacerbations in older adults abstract: Asthma in the elderly is underdiagnosed and undertreated, and there is a paucity of knowledge on the subject. The National Institute on Aging convened this workshop to identify what is known and what gaps in knowledge remain and suggest research directions needed to improve the understanding and care of asthma in the elderly. Asthma presenting at an advanced age often has similar clinical and physiologic consequences as seen with younger patients, but comorbid illnesses and the psychosocial effects of aging might affect the diagnosis, clinical presentation, and care of asthma in this population. At least 2 phenotypes exist among elderly patients with asthma; those with longstanding asthma have more severe airflow limitation and less complete reversibility than those with late-onset asthma. Many challenges exist in the recognition and treatment of asthma in the elderly. Furthermore, the pathophysiologic mechanisms of asthma in the elderly are likely to be different from those seen in young asthmatic patients, and these differences might influence the clinical course and outcomes of asthma in this population. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21872730/ doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.06.048 id: cord-304549-e8q8mck4 author: Holgate, Stephen T. title: Genetic and environmental interaction in allergy and asthma()() date: 2005-11-02 words: 4691 sentences: 252 pages: flesch: 45 cache: ./cache/cord-304549-e8q8mck4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304549-e8q8mck4.txt summary: Abnormal signaling between the epithelium, which is in contact with the environment, and the underlying (myo)fibroblasts and dendritic cells indicating reactivation of the epithelial mesenchymal trophic unit, which is involved in fetal lung development and branching, provide a basis for asthma that encapsulates both T(H)2 polarization and airway wall remodeling. Asthma is a complex disorder involving a combination of genetic and environmental interactions that culminate in a specific type of inflammation involving mast cells, eosinophils, and macrophages and polarization of T cell-mediated immunity toward enhanced production of cytokines encoded in a cluster on the long arm of chromosome 5. Two fundamental approaches are being used to discover susceptibility genes in asthma and atopy: linkage analysis with functional cloning and association analysis for mutations of "candidate" genes thought to be involved in disease pathogenesis. 55 In susceptible mice genetic linkage has shown that ozone-induced lung inflammation is directed by genes encoded on chromosome 17, including the strong candidate TNF-α, a pleiotropic cytokine generated during oxidant-induced cell injury. abstract: Asthma is an inflammatory disorder of the airways involving coordinate up-regulation of T(H)2-type cytokines encoded in a cluster on chromosome 5q(31-33) on T cells and inflammatory cells. There is also a requirement for local airway susceptibility factors that, together with T(H)2 polarization, results in hyperresponsiveness, variable airflow obstruction, and, over time, remodeling of the airway wall. Asthma has strong genetic and environmental components that interact both in the induction and subsequent expression of the disease phenotypes. Multiple genes are involved and probably interact. Whole genome screens are beginning to identify gene-rich regions of special relevance to asthma and atopy, although a novel disease-related gene has yet to be discovered from these. By contrast, there are a plethora of candidate genes whose function in relation to disease pathophysiologic mechanisms and response to treatment are known. Two examples are polymorphisms involving IL-4 receptors and the enzymes controlling cysteinyl leukotriene production. Abnormal signaling between the epithelium, which is in contact with the environment, and the underlying (myo)fibroblasts and dendritic cells indicating reactivation of the epithelial mesenchymal trophic unit, which is involved in fetal lung development and branching, provide a basis for asthma that encapsulates both T(H)2 polarization and airway wall remodeling. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;104:1139-46.) url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10588993/ doi: 10.1016/s0091-6749(99)70005-9 id: cord-032811-sdbj26ca author: Hosoki, Koa title: Reply date: 2020-09-29 words: 666 sentences: 50 pages: flesch: 52 cache: ./cache/cord-032811-sdbj26ca.txt txt: ./txt/cord-032811-sdbj26ca.txt summary: They suggest that suppression of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) could impair the hydrolysis of des-Arg 9 -bradykinin and stimulate the bradykinin receptor type 1 (BKB1) pathway to induce leakage of fluid into the lungs. 4 However, other studies suggest that SARS-CoV-2 may upregulate the expression of ACE-2 in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) or influenza pneumonia in alveolar epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and lymphocytes in perivascular tissue than in uninfected control autopsy lung. 7 We favor a third hypothesis, where excessive and prolonged secretion of type I and type III IFNs in the airways contributes to loss of lung epithelial barrier function during COVID-19 and other RNA virus infections (Fig 1, A) . Because IFN-l contributes to loss of lung epithelial barrier function, 8 we hypothesize that entry of SARS-CoV-2 via ACE-2 can stimulate secretion of IFN-l and induce leakage of fluid into the lungs (Fig 1, A) . abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7522701/ doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.09.008 id: cord-304140-4l574k3q author: IJspeert, Hanna title: Similar recombination-activating gene (RAG) mutations result in similar immunobiological effects but in different clinical phenotypes date: 2014-01-11 words: 4780 sentences: 250 pages: flesch: 50 cache: ./cache/cord-304140-4l574k3q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304140-4l574k3q.txt summary: METHODS: We included 22 patients with similar RAG1 mutations (c.519delT or c.368_369delAA) resulting in N-terminal truncated RAG1 protein with residual recombination activity but presenting with different clinical phenotypes. 9 Different RAG mutations can result in a broad spectrum of clinical phenotypes, including severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), RAG deficiency (RAGD) with skin inflammation and ab T-cell expansion (classical Omenn syndrome [OS]), RAGD with skin inflammation but without T-cell expansion (incomplete OS), RAGD with maternofetal transfusion, RAGD with gd T-cell expansion, late-onset SCID, RAGD with granulomas, and RAGD with CD4 cytopenia and thymus hypoplasia. This suggests that receptor editing in this group of patients with RAGD was slightly impaired, which can either be a result of reduced recombination activity caused by the RAG1 mutation or by low B-cell numbers leading to reduced selection against autoreactive B cells. abstract: BACKGROUND: V(D)J recombination takes place during lymphocyte development to generate a large repertoire of T- and B-cell receptors. Mutations in recombination-activating gene 1 (RAG1) and RAG2 result in loss or reduction of V(D)J recombination. It is known that different mutations in RAG genes vary in residual recombinase activity and give rise to a broad spectrum of clinical phenotypes. OBJECTIVE: We sought to study the immunologic mechanisms causing the clinical spectrum of RAG deficiency. METHODS: We included 22 patients with similar RAG1 mutations (c.519delT or c.368_369delAA) resulting in N-terminal truncated RAG1 protein with residual recombination activity but presenting with different clinical phenotypes. We studied precursor B-cell development, immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor repertoire formation, receptor editing, and B- and T-cell numbers. RESULTS: Clinically, patients were divided into 3 main categories: T(−)B(−) severe combined immunodeficiency, Omenn syndrome, and combined immunodeficiency. All patients showed a block in the precursor B-cell development, low B- and T-cell numbers, normal immunoglobulin gene use, limited B- and T-cell repertoires, and slightly impaired receptor editing. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that similar RAG mutations can result in similar immunobiological effects but different clinical phenotypes, indicating that the level of residual recombinase activity is not the only determinant for clinical outcome. We postulate a model in which the type and moment of antigenic pressure affect the clinical phenotypes of these patients. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0091674913018484 doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.11.028 id: cord-010159-uo47oab1 author: Jartti, Tuomas title: Respiratory viruses and acute asthma in children date: 2007-04-02 words: 571 sentences: 41 pages: flesch: 56 cache: ./cache/cord-010159-uo47oab1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-010159-uo47oab1.txt summary: title: Respiratory viruses and acute asthma in children We read with great interest the article by Khetsuriani et al 1 on the prevalence of respiratory tract viruses in children with asthma. The results of PCR analysis of combined nasopharyngeal and throat swabs for 13 different viruses were positive in 63% of patients with asthma exacerbation in the 1-year study. We disagree with the low virus detection rate reported by Khetsuriani et al 1 because many studies in wheezing children have shown virus detection rates of close to 90%. 1 Interestingly, 2 or more viruses were detected in 43% of the children compared with 7% in the study by Khetsuriani et al. Our findings suggest that nearly all exacerbations of asthma in children necessitating hospitalization are associated with viral infection. Prevalence of viral respiratory tract infections in children with asthma Human bocavirus and acute wheezing in children abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7172149/ doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.02.025 id: cord-303135-rx21ajiw author: Jian, Li title: Perspective: COVID-19, implications of nasal diseases and consequences for their management date: 2020-05-01 words: 1723 sentences: 82 pages: flesch: 47 cache: ./cache/cord-303135-rx21ajiw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-303135-rx21ajiw.txt summary: This leads us to the question whether treatment in patients with allergic rhinitis, normally INCS, or in severe patients with CRSwNP, nowadays including biologics to suppress type 2 immune reactions, should be continued in case of a SARS-CoV-2 infection. SARS-CoV-2 may also infect patients with severe asthma and CRSwNP, who might be under treatment with a type 2 biologic drug such as dupilumab, omalizumab, or mepolizumab. However, we begin to recognize that diseases of the upper airways or their management by corticosteroids and biologics do not seem to increase the risk of infection nor the risk for severe COVID-19. In research perspective, because the airway passage of nose and nasopharynx is the main entry for respiratory viruses including the SARS-CoV 2, the expression and its regulation of the ACE2 receptor and the TMPRSS2 protease are key topics for research and targets for interventions. SARS-CoV-2 entry genes are most highly expressed in nasal goblet and ciliated cells within human airways abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2020.04.030 doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.04.030 id: cord-260700-u12aa739 author: Kainulainen, Leena title: Recurrent and persistent respiratory tract viral infections in patients with primary hypogammaglobulinemia date: 2010-06-10 words: 3686 sentences: 248 pages: flesch: 46 cache: ./cache/cord-260700-u12aa739.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260700-u12aa739.txt summary: title: Recurrent and persistent respiratory tract viral infections in patients with primary hypogammaglobulinemia OBJECTIVE: We conducted a prospective 12-month follow-up study of respiratory tract infections in 12 adult patients with primary hypogammaglobulinemia. METHODS: Nasal swab samples and induced sputum samples were taken at the onset of acute respiratory tract infection and every 3 months thereafter. CONCLUSIONS: Despite adequate immunoglobulin replacement therapy, patients with primary hypogammaglobulinemia have increased susceptibility to respiratory tract viral infections. Using modern diagnostic techniques, we wanted to study the occurrence of respiratory tract infections, especially viral infections, in patients with primary hypogammaglobulinemia who were receiving regular immunoglobulin replacement therapy. If the spouse of the patient had acute symptoms of respiratory tract infection, she or he took nasal swabs at home according to the instructions of the research nurse and sent the vials by post. First, despite adequate immunoglobulin replacement therapy, most patients with primary hypogammaglobulinemia had increased susceptibility to respiratory tract viral infections. abstract: BACKGROUND: The occurrence of respiratory tract viral infections in patients with primary hypogammaglobulinemia has not been studied. OBJECTIVE: We conducted a prospective 12-month follow-up study of respiratory tract infections in 12 adult patients with primary hypogammaglobulinemia. METHODS: Nasal swab samples and induced sputum samples were taken at the onset of acute respiratory tract infection and every 3 months thereafter. Samples were tested for bacteria and viruses. PCR tests were performed for 15 respiratory tract viruses. In case the results for rhinovirus were positive, follow-up nasal swab samples were taken every 2 weeks until rhinoviral PCR results became negative. Patients completed symptom diaries, which were collected every month. The spouses of the patients served as healthy control subjects. RESULTS: During the 12-month period, the 12 patients had 65 episodes of acute respiratory tract infections, and the 11 spouses had 12 acute episodes (P < .001). Respiratory tract viruses were found in sputum in 54% of the infections. Rhinovirus was the most common virus. In more than half of our patients, rhinoviral PCR results stayed positive for more than 2 months. The most long-acting persistence with the same rhinovirus was 4 months. CONCLUSIONS: Despite adequate immunoglobulin replacement therapy, patients with primary hypogammaglobulinemia have increased susceptibility to respiratory tract viral infections. Rhinoviral infections are frequent and prolonged. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0091674910006652 doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.04.016 id: cord-272214-rwkfev8j author: Kaplan, Allen P. title: Pathways for Bradykinin Formation and Interrelationship with Complement as a Cause of Edematous Lung in COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-10-28 words: 1285 sentences: 81 pages: flesch: 60 cache: ./cache/cord-272214-rwkfev8j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272214-rwkfev8j.txt summary: 46 47 There are two general pathways for the production of bradykinin, the first being the release of 48 cellular tissue kallikrein which cleaves low molecular weight kininogen (LK) to release lys-49 bradykinin (Fig. 1) . An alternative process requires 85 carboxypeptidase activity (carboxypeptidase N in plasma and carboxypeptidase M on pulmonary 86 vascular endothelial cells) to first remove the C-terminal arg from either bradykinin (plasma 87 cascade) or lys-bradykinin (tissue kallikrein product) (Fig. 1) . Studies of gene expression in 97 bronchoalveolar lavage specimens of COVID-19 patients(5), when compared to normal control 98 specimens, reveal upregulation of multiple components that lead to bradykinin production and 99 expression for C1-INH was decreased 33-fold which would render the plasma bradykinin 102 cascade labile and overreactive as we see in C1-INH deficiency (types I and II HAE) in which 103 enzymes not adequately inhibited by C1-INH include both forms of activated factor XII, plasma 104 kallikrein, and C1r. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0091674920315025 doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.10.025 id: cord-284053-tna7e9dw author: Kimura, Hiroki title: Type 2 Inflammation Modulates ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in Airway Epithelial Cells date: 2020-05-15 words: 2957 sentences: 193 pages: flesch: 53 cache: ./cache/cord-284053-tna7e9dw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284053-tna7e9dw.txt summary: Objective To extend our work in interleukin (IL)-13 biology to determine if airway epithelial cell expression of two key mediators critical for SARS-CoV-2 infection, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2) are modulated by IL-13. Methods We determined effects of IL-13 treatment on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression ex vivo in primary airway epithelial cells from participants with and without type 2 asthma obtained by bronchoscopy. Here, we demonstrate that interleukin (IL)-13, a cytokine associated 115 with type 2 (T2) asthma, suppresses ACE2 receptor expression and significantly 116 increases TMPRSS2 expression in airway epithelial cells from participants with T2 117 asthma and atopy. In addition, participants who are defined as T2 high based upon three gene 246 signatures (CLCA1, POSTN, SERPINB2) (17) also demonstrate lower nasal epithelial 247 ACE2 expression compared to the T2 low and healthy control groups (Fig 2C) . abstract: Abstract Background SARS-CoV-2 has dramatically changed our world, country, communities and families. There is controversy regarding risk factors for severe COVID-19 disease. It has been suggested that asthma and allergy are not highly represented as co-morbid conditions associated with COVID-19. Objective To extend our work in interleukin (IL)-13 biology to determine if airway epithelial cell expression of two key mediators critical for SARS-CoV-2 infection, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2) are modulated by IL-13. Methods We determined effects of IL-13 treatment on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression ex vivo in primary airway epithelial cells from participants with and without type 2 asthma obtained by bronchoscopy. We also examined expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in two datasets containing gene expression data from nasal and airway epithelial cells from children and adults with asthma and allergic rhinitis. Results IL-13 significantly reduced ACE2 and increased TMPRSS2 expression ex vivo in airway epithelial cells. In two independent datasets, ACE2 expression was significantly reduced and TMPRSS2 was significantly increased in the nasal and airway epithelial cells in type 2 asthma and allergic rhinitis. ACE2 expression was significantly negatively associated with type 2 cytokines while TMPRSS2 expression was significantly positively associated with type 2 cytokines. Conclusion IL-13 modulates ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression in airway epithelial cells in asthma. This deserves further study with regard to any effects asthma and atopy may render in the setting of COVID-19 infection. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0091674920306473?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.05.004 id: cord-304320-1oaobtlx author: Lee, Pui Y. title: Immune dysregulation and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) in individuals with haploinsufficiency of SOCS1 date: 2020-08-25 words: 1374 sentences: 119 pages: flesch: 57 cache: ./cache/cord-304320-1oaobtlx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304320-1oaobtlx.txt summary: One patient developed Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) in the setting of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Discussion Heterozygous loss-of-function SOCS1 mutations are associated with enhanced interferon signaling and increased immune cell activation, thereby predisposing to infection-associated autoimmune cytopenias. 2, 4 In a recent study detailing 88 outcomes of whole-genome sequencing for patients with primary immunodeficiency, SOCS1 89 haploinsufficiency was briefly described in two individuals with recurrent bacterial infections and 90 severe multi-systemic autoimmunity. Individuals with Evans syndrome (ES) present with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), 93 autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), and/or immune neutropenia arising from either primary 94 or secondary causes. Patient 1 presented at five months of age with fever, otitis media, oral ulcers, and developed ITP (61 x 10 3 platelets/µL, normal 215-448 x 10 3 platelets/µL; Fig. 1A ). At two years 107 of age, in addition to ITP and immune neutropenia, he developed a warm antibody AIHA with a 108 hemoglobin of 4.4 g/dL (normal 10.5-13.0 g/dL). abstract: Abstract Objectives To identify the mechanisms underlying the development of infection-driven autoimmune cytopenias. Background We studied two unrelated patients with immune thrombocytopenia and autoimmune hemolytic anemia in the setting of acute infections. One patient developed Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) in the setting of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Methods Whole exome sequencing was performed on both patients and the impact of the identified variants were validated by functional assays using the patients’ peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Results Each patient was found to have a unique heterozygous truncation variant in SOCS1. Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 (SOCS1) is an essential negative regulator of type I and type II interferon (IFN) signaling. The patients’ PBMCs showed increased levels of STAT1 phosphorylation and a transcriptional signature characterized by increased expression of type I and type II interferon stimulated genes and pro-apoptotic genes. The enhanced IFN signature exhibited by the patients’ unstimulated PBMCs parallels the hyperinflammatory state associated with MIS-C, suggesting the contributions of SOCS1 in regulating the inflammatory response characteristic of MIS-C. Discussion Heterozygous loss-of-function SOCS1 mutations are associated with enhanced interferon signaling and increased immune cell activation, thereby predisposing to infection-associated autoimmune cytopenias. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2020.07.033 doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.07.033 id: cord-341650-f8orw6ro author: Li, Hailan title: Regarding “Ruxolitinib in treatment of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A multicenter, single-blind, randomized controlled trial” date: 2020-09-17 words: 511 sentences: 30 pages: flesch: 64 cache: ./cache/cord-341650-f8orw6ro.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341650-f8orw6ro.txt summary: title: Regarding "Ruxolitinib in treatment of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A multicenter, single-blind, randomized controlled trial" Regarding ''''Ruxolitinib in Q 1 treatment of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A multicenter, singleblind, randomized controlled trial'''' Q 2 To the Editor: We read with great interest the article titled ''''Ruxolitinib in treatment of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A multicenter, single-blind, randomized controlled trial'''' by Cao et al. 1 The study, which finally included 41 patients, evaluated the efficacy and safety of ruxolitinib for severe COVID-19 cases. First, the duration from illness onset to randomization, 22 days for the control group and 20 days for the ruxolitinib group, was not appropriate because according to literature reports, 2-4 the course (from illness onset to discharge) of severe patients was about 27 to 30 days. Ruxolitinib in treatment of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a multicenter, singleblind, randomized controlled trial Radiological findings from 81 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2020.09.002 doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.09.002 id: cord-286477-0euaaspo author: Li, Xiaochen title: Risk factors for severity and mortality in adult COVID-19 inpatients in Wuhan date: 2020-04-12 words: 3243 sentences: 190 pages: flesch: 57 cache: ./cache/cord-286477-0euaaspo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286477-0euaaspo.txt summary: This study aims to describe and compare the 141 epidemiological, demographic, clinical, laboratory and radiological characteristics as well as the 142 complications, treatment and outcomes of hospitalized patients with nonsevere and severe 143 COVID-19. Comparison of findings between nonsevere and severe cases in 223 the patients with positive viral nucleic acid test pre-admission showed essentially the similar 224 differences to that in the total patients (see Table E1 in the Online Repository). In the follow-up period, the complications of COVID-19 were assessed , including acute 297 respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (38.3%), cardiac injury (21.7%), liver dysfunction (19.3%), 298 acute kidney injury (17.3%), bacteremia (7.7%), diffuse intravascular coagulation (7.7%), and 299 hyperglycemia (33.2%) ( This study provided a comprehensive data on the epidemiological, demographic, clinical, 338 laboratory, and radiological characteristics as well as the complications, treatment, and outcomes 339 of hospitalized patients with nonsevere and severe COVID-19 in Wuhan. abstract: Abstract Background In December 2019, COVID-19 outbreak occurred in Wuhan. Data on the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with severe COVID-19 are limited. Objective The severity on admission, complications, treatment, and outcomes of COVID-19 patients were evaluated. Methods Patients with COVID-19 admitted to Tongji Hospital from January 26, 2020 to February 5, 2020 were retrospectively enrolled and followed-up until March 3, 2020. Potential risk factors for severe COVID-19 were analyzed by a multivariable binary logistic model. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used for survival analysis in severe patients. Results We identified 269 (49.1%) of 548 patients as severe cases on admission. Elder age, underlying hypertension, high cytokine levels (IL-2R, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-a), and high LDH level were significantly associated with severe COVID-19 on admission. The prevalence of asthma in COVID-19 patients was 0.9%, markedly lower than that in the adult population of Wuhan. The estimated mortality was 1.1% in nonsevere patients and 32.5% in severe cases during the average 32 days of follow-up period. Survival analysis revealed that male, elder age, leukocytosis, high LDH level, cardiac injury, hyperglycemia, and high-dose corticosteroid use were associated with death in patients with severe COVID-19. Conclusions Patients with elder age, hypertension, and high LDH level need careful observation and early intervention to prevent the potential development of severe COVID-19. Severe male patients with heart injury, hyperglycemia, and high-dose corticosteroid use may have high risk of death. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0091674920304954 doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.04.006 id: cord-270635-l8380adr author: Maggi, Enrico title: COVID-19: unanswered questions on immune response and pathogenesis date: 2020-05-08 words: 880 sentences: 64 pages: flesch: 60 cache: ./cache/cord-270635-l8380adr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270635-l8380adr.txt summary: It is generally accepted that only achieving a better understanding of the interactions between the virus and host immune response and of the pathogenesis of infection is crucial to identify valid therapeutic tools to control virus entry, replication and spread as well as to impair its lethal effects. On this basis, we also touch important aspects regarding the immune response in asymptomatic subjects, the immune-evasion of SARS-CoV-2 in severe patients and differences in disease severity by age and gender. This implies to be able to answer many questions on the virus itself, on the pathogenesis of infection, on the 81 host immune response and to identify therapeutic tools to control virus entry into the cells, its replication and 82 spread as well as its lethal effects. Humoral Immune Responses SARS-CoV 3 -Seroconversion few days after the disease onset and specific IgG detectable in most patients by 14 days. abstract: Abstract The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly increased in pandemic scale since it first appeared in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. In these troubled days the scientific community is asking rapid replies to prevent and combat the emergency. It is generally accepted that only achieving a better understanding of the interactions between the virus and host immune response and of the pathogenesis of infection is crucial to identify valid therapeutic tools to control virus entry, replication and spread as well as to impair its lethal effects. Based on the recent research progress of SARS-CoV-2 and the results on previous coronaviruses, in this contribution we underscore some of the main unsolved problems, mostly focusing on pathogenetic aspects and host immunity to the virus. On this basis, we also touch important aspects regarding the immune response in asymptomatic subjects, the immune-evasion of SARS-CoV-2 in severe patients and differences in disease severity by age and gender. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S009167492030631X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.05.001 id: cord-025380-6bagohw8 author: Navel, Valentin title: Reply date: 2020-05-28 words: 756 sentences: 54 pages: flesch: 59 cache: ./cache/cord-025380-6bagohw8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-025380-6bagohw8.txt summary: Globally, emerging data may identify air pollution as a modulator to DNA methylation (DNAm) disturbing the inflammation process, allergic diseases development, and exacerbation risk. Considering that SARS-CoV-2 infection involves a proinflammatory cytokine storm as IL-6 and IL-1b, a putative hypothesis could explain that populations exposed to chronic air pollution are associated with a different COVID-19 incidence in line with chronic epigenetic deregulation. Affecting the immune system and the inflammatory pathways, DNAm related to air pollution could explain the disparities in COVID-19 in geographic zones in which genetically predisposed populations were living in climate favoring SARS-CoV-2 distribution. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7253949/ doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.05.010 id: cord-027511-j5ayp0tv author: Navel, Valentin title: Reply date: 2020-06-22 words: 799 sentences: 44 pages: flesch: 45 cache: ./cache/cord-027511-j5ayp0tv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-027511-j5ayp0tv.txt summary: 2 Globally, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak has upset the lifestyle of humans, increasing sedentary behaviors with quarantine (ie, staying at home, tele-working, screen activities), the fear of contagion (ie, social connections, mass transit, and compulsive disinfecting), and probably a city dweller migration to the periphery of crowed cities and surrounding countryside. Considering that filtering face piece respirators (FFPs) reduced the penetration of fine particulates ranging from 80% (FFP1) to 99% (FFP3), their global use during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic could protect people against outdoor and indoor allergenic components. 4 Promoting warm and humid environment, indoor activities (ie, tele-working, cooking, and indoor sports) could improve the exposition of airborne fungal spores in damp houses, increasing the incidence of asthma and allergic diseases. 7 Because of the fear of contagion, people may avoid mass transit and increase their commuting by individual car, which may in turn promote air pollution-and the release of the highly allergenic fine particulate matter. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7306707/ doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.06.003 id: cord-346835-gg3xespb author: Navel, Valentin title: Will environmental impacts of social distancing due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic decrease allergic disease? date: 2020-04-26 words: 411 sentences: 34 pages: flesch: 44 cache: ./cache/cord-346835-gg3xespb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346835-gg3xespb.txt summary: title: Will environmental impacts of social distancing due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic decrease allergic disease? The burden of climatic change and air pollution represents a massive challenge for Humanity, affecting the development of allergic diseases and upsetting the exposome. 1 Air pollution, a causative factor of climate change, contributes to nine million deaths by years, 2 and more than 500 million people have an allergic disease around the world. Air pollution is a causative factor for both various symptoms such as bronchospasm, rhinorrhea, eye redness, and irritation, as well as various allergic diseases such as asthma, chronic rhinitis, nasal polyposis, atopic dermatitis, seasonal or perennial allergic conjunctivitis, and vernal or atopic keratoconjunctivitis. 7 Similar decrease was measured in most megalopolis of developing countries around the world where containment was set for limiting the spreading of the SARS-CoV-2 ( Figure 1 ). Climate Change and the Impact on Respiratory and Allergic Disease Effects on asthma and respiratory allergy of Climate change and air pollution abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0091674920305753 doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.04.026 id: cord-314640-vik5rgnq author: Ohkubo, Kimihiro title: Aminopeptidase activity in human nasal mucosa()()()() date: 2005-11-02 words: 4321 sentences: 256 pages: flesch: 53 cache: ./cache/cord-314640-vik5rgnq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-314640-vik5rgnq.txt summary: Several aminopeptidase (Ap) activities were defined by (1) substrate specificity with leucine-enkephalin (leu-Ap) and alanine-nitroanilide (ala-Ap), (2) inhibitor studies with puromycin and bestatin, (3) enzyme activity histochemistry (zymography), (4) immunohistochemistry, and (5) gel electrophoresis. To begin defining the physiology of aminopeptidases in airways, we have used multiple assays to characterize aminopeptidase activity in soluble and membrane fractions of human nasal mucosa. Enkephalin-degrading aminopeptidase activity was expressed as picomoles of leuenkephalin metabolized per minute per milligram of protein for extracts, or as picomoles of leu-enkephalin metabolized per minute per milliliter for nasal lavage fluid samples. Alanine aminopeptidase (Ala-Ap) assay samples (25 µL) were added to cuvettes containing 1.65 mL of 10 mmol/L tris HCl buffer (pH 7.4), 1 µmol/L phosphoramidon, and 10 µmol/L captopril, mixed thoroughly, and incubated for 1 minute. abstract: Background: Aminopeptidases activate bradykinin and degrade many inflammatory peptides. Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the types of aminopeptidase activities in human nasal mucosa. Methods: Human nasal mucosa was homogenized (n = 12), and cytoplasmic (S2) and membrane-rich (P2) fractions were obtained. Several aminopeptidase (Ap) activities were defined by (1) substrate specificity with leucine-enkephalin (leu-Ap) and alanine-nitroanilide (ala-Ap), (2) inhibitor studies with puromycin and bestatin, (3) enzyme activity histochemistry (zymography), (4) immunohistochemistry, and (5) gel electrophoresis. Human volunteers had methacholine, histamine, and allergen nasal provocations to determine the mechanisms controlling nasal aminopeptidase secretion in vivo. Results: P2 was the largest reservoir of puromycin-resistant aminopeptidase activity (630 pmol leu-enk/min/mg protein). S2 contained 32 pmol leu-enk/min/mg activity, with 80% representing puromycin-resistant activity and 20% puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase (PS-Ap). Ala-Ap was detected in both P2 and S2 fractions and was localized by zymography to epithelial and gland cells. Anti–rat brain–soluble PS-Ap IgG detected immunoreactive material in epithelium, glands, and endothelium. In nasal provocation studies, leu-AP correlated with glandular exocytosis but not vascular leak. Conclusions: The predominant aminopeptidase in human nasal epithelial and submucosal gland cells was membrane-bound puromycin-resistant aminopeptidase. A novel soluble puromycin-resistant aminopeptidase and lower amounts of soluble PS-Ap were also detected. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 1998;102:741-50.) url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9819290/ doi: 10.1016/s0091-6749(98)70013-2 id: cord-323695-jkik03lb author: Paolo, Gisondi title: Incidence rates of hospitalization and death from COVID-19 in patients with psoriasis receiving biological treatment: a Northern Italy experience date: 2020-11-05 words: 1745 sentences: 88 pages: flesch: 46 cache: ./cache/cord-323695-jkik03lb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323695-jkik03lb.txt summary: Objective investigating the incidence of hospitalization and death for COVID-19 in a large sample of patients with plaque psoriasis receiving biologic therapies compared with the general population. Materials and methods This is a retrospective multicenter cohort study including patients with chronic plaque psoriasis (n=6,501) being treated with biologic therapy and regularly followed up at the Divisions of Dermatology of several main hospitals in the Northern Italian cities of Verona, Padua, Vicenza, Modena, Bologna, Piacenza, Turin, and Milan. Incidence rates (IR) of hospitalization and death per 10,000 person-months with exact mid-p 95% confidence intervals (CI) and standardized incidence ratios (SIR) were estimated in the psoriasis patients and compared with the general population in the same geographic areas. We would not advise biologic discontinuation in patients on treatment since more than 6 months and not infected with SARS-CoV-2 to prevent hospitalization and death from COVID-19. In this study, we evaluated the incidence of hospitalization and death for COVID-19 in a large sample of patients with plaque psoriasis receiving biologic therapies compared with the general population. abstract: Introduction Whether biologic therapies enhance the risk of COVID-19 or affect the disease outcome in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis remains to be ascertained. Objective investigating the incidence of hospitalization and death for COVID-19 in a large sample of patients with plaque psoriasis receiving biologic therapies compared with the general population. Materials and methods This is a retrospective multicenter cohort study including patients with chronic plaque psoriasis (n=6,501) being treated with biologic therapy and regularly followed up at the Divisions of Dermatology of several main hospitals in the Northern Italian cities of Verona, Padua, Vicenza, Modena, Bologna, Piacenza, Turin, and Milan. Incidence rates (IR) of hospitalization and death per 10,000 person-months with exact mid-p 95% confidence intervals (CI) and standardized incidence ratios (SIR) were estimated in the psoriasis patients and compared with the general population in the same geographic areas. Results The IR of hospitalization for COVID-19 was 11.7 (95% CI: 7.2-18.1) per 10,000 person-months in psoriasis patients and 14.4 (95% CI: 14.3-14.5) in the general population; the IR of death from COVID-19 was 1.3 (95% CI: 0.2-4.3) and 4.7 (95% CI: 4.6-4.7) in psoriasis patients and the general population, respectively. The SIR of hospitalization and death in psoriasis patients compared with the general population was 0.94 (95% CI: 0.57-1.45; p=0.82) and 0.42 (95% CI: 0.07-1.38; p=0.19) respectively. Conclusions Our data did not show any adverse impact of biologics on COVID-19 outcome in psoriasis patients. We would not advise biologic discontinuation in patients on treatment since more than 6 months and not infected with SARS-CoV-2 to prevent hospitalization and death from COVID-19. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S009167492031558X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.10.032 id: cord-259927-xh9cw9ao author: Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G. title: Promising approaches for the treatment and prevention of viral respiratory illnesses date: 2017-07-21 words: 7342 sentences: 400 pages: flesch: 34 cache: ./cache/cord-259927-xh9cw9ao.txt txt: ./txt/cord-259927-xh9cw9ao.txt summary: When considering prevention or treatment of viral respiratory tract infections, potential targets include the causative pathogens themselves but also the immune response, disease transmission, or even just the symptoms. Here we provide an overview of the options and highlight some of the most promising approaches in vRTI treatment, including symptomatic medication, immunomodulatory drugs, antiviral agents, and natural products, as well as in vRTI prevention, ranging from vaccines to immunostimulators and public health policies. Early in vivo evidence suggested that azithromycin has anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects through induction of interferon-stimulated gene mRNA expression and reduced viral replication and release in patients with asthma and chronic obstructive lung disease. mAb therapies to viral infections, such as EBV (rituximab) or RSV (palivizumab), provide passive immunization and are licensed, whereas similar agents targeting influenza and other viruses are in preclinical development. abstract: Viral respiratory tract infections are the most common human ailments, leading to enormous health and economic burden. Hundreds of viral species and subtypes have been associated with these conditions, with influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, and rhinoviruses being the most frequent and with the highest burden. When considering prevention or treatment of viral respiratory tract infections, potential targets include the causative pathogens themselves but also the immune response, disease transmission, or even just the symptoms. Strategies targeting all these aspects are developing concurrently, and several novel and promising approaches are emerging. In this perspective we overview the entire range of options and highlight some of the most promising approaches, including new antiviral agents, symptomatic or immunomodulatory drugs, the re-emergence of natural remedies, and vaccines and public health policies toward prevention. Wide-scale prevention through immunization appears to be within reach for respiratory syncytial virus and promising for influenza virus, whereas additional effort is needed in regard to rhinovirus, as well as other respiratory tract viruses. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0091674917311132 doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.07.001 id: cord-007866-2d6003r9 author: Renz, Harald title: Autophagy: Nobel Prize 2016 and allergy and asthma research date: 2017-04-08 words: 1053 sentences: 67 pages: flesch: 47 cache: ./cache/cord-007866-2d6003r9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-007866-2d6003r9.txt summary: The 2016 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Yoshinori Ohsumi, Professor at the Tokyo Institute of Technology, for ''''recycling.'''' Recycling on the cellular level is termed autophagy and is a fundamental process for degrading and recycling cellular components. A new type of vesicle was discovered and named autophagosomes, describing a process of ''''self-eating'''' to understand the mechanism of how such large cargos get into the lysosome. Although little work has been carried out in this regard thus far, there are convincing data available linking autophagy in airway epithelium, and autophagy might be essential for bronchial epithelial mucus secretion, as has been shown in an allergic asthma model. IL13 activates autophagy to regulate secretion in airway epithelial cells The complex roles of endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy in modulating Eotaxin-3 production and secretion from human airway epithelial cells abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7125795/ doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.03.021 id: cord-313058-nrrl4kjc author: Rivas, Magali Noval title: COVID-19 Associated Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C): a novel disease that mimics Toxic Shock Syndrome. The superantigen hypothesis date: 2020-10-16 words: 1054 sentences: 68 pages: flesch: 51 cache: ./cache/cord-313058-nrrl4kjc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-313058-nrrl4kjc.txt summary: title: COVID-19 Associated Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C): a novel disease that mimics Toxic Shock Syndrome. As of mid-September, the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 26 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected more than 30 million people, resulting in approximately one 27 million deaths worldwide, including over 200,000 deaths in the USA alone. Exacerbation of the COVID-19 immune response manifested by extensive cytokines 33 release, called cytokine storm, may lead to multisystem inflammatory syndrome that is 34 fatal in 28% of cases 1 . Interestingly, SAg-induced TSS has been associated with long-term 94 neuropsychologic deficits in adults, including cognitive decline 10 , and we identified a 95 homology between the SAg motif of SARS-CoV-2 and neurotoxin-like sequences which 96 are able to bind the TCR 5 . Clinical 131 Characteristics of 58 Children With a Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome 132 Temporally Associated With SARS-CoV-2 abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0091674920314147 doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.10.008 id: cord-302886-5zjghwkq author: Ronit, Andreas title: Compartmental immunophenotyping in COVID-19 ARDS: A case series date: 2020-10-23 words: 4604 sentences: 240 pages: flesch: 47 cache: ./cache/cord-302886-5zjghwkq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302886-5zjghwkq.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to phenotype leukocyte subpopulations and the cytokine milieu in the lungs and blood of critically ill patients with COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Although the available evidence favors the presence of severe immunopathology during COVID-19 ARDS, the compartmental transmission of immunoinflammatory processes between blood and lungs remains unexplored, and characterization of distinct leukocyte subpopulations and their cytokine mediators could thus potentially reveal both novel therapeutic targets and guide the timing of treatment. In the present study, we immunophenotyped bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and blood of mechanically ventilated patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 ARDS. [33] [34] [35] A recent study performed genome-wide transcriptome sequencing of RNA obtained from BALF in 3 patients with COVID-19 with unknown disease severity; it reported different expression of 1004 genes, including a high expression of cytokines such as MCP-1, IP-10, MIP-1A, and MIP-1B. In conclusion, our study provides novel phenotypic insight into the cell composition and inflammatory mediators simultaneously present in the lungs and blood in patients with COVID-19 ARDS. abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe immunopathology may drive the deleterious manifestations that are observed in the advanced stages of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) but are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to phenotype leukocyte subpopulations and the cytokine milieu in the lungs and blood of critically ill patients with COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). METHODS: We consecutively included patients less than 72 hours after intubation following informed consent from their next of kin. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was evaluated by microscopy; bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and blood were assessed by 10-color flow cytometry and a multiplex cytokine panel. RESULTS: Four mechanically ventilated patients (aged 40-75 years) with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 ARDS were included. Immature neutrophils dominated in both blood and lungs, whereas CD4 and CD8 T-cell lymphopenia was observed in the 2 compartments. However, regulatory T cells and T(H)17 cells were found in higher fractions in the lung. Lung CD4 and CD8 T cells and macrophages expressed an even higher upregulation of activation markers than in blood. A wide range of cytokines were expressed at high levels both in the blood and in the lungs, most notably, IL-1RA, IL-6, IL-8, IP-10, and monocyte chemoattactant protein-1, consistent with hyperinflammation. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 ARDS exhibits a distinct immunologic profile in the lungs, with a depleted and exhausted CD4 and CD8 T-cell population that resides within a heavily hyperinflammatory milieu. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0091674920313178 doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.09.009 id: cord-265054-52eqdlef author: Schaller, Matthew title: Respiratory viral infections drive chemokine expression and exacerbate the asthmatic response date: 2006-08-03 words: 5418 sentences: 281 pages: flesch: 40 cache: ./cache/cord-265054-52eqdlef.txt txt: ./txt/cord-265054-52eqdlef.txt summary: By this same theory, it has been demonstrated that chemokine levels produced during respiratory syncytial virus infection determine host responses to later immune stimuli in the lung, with the potential to augment the asthmatic response. 3 These studies are supported by clinical investigations that demonstrate that a relatively low number of influenza cases, versus RSV or rhinovirus infections, actually cause exacerbation of asthma and acute bronchiolitis in adults. A comparative study examining the effects of respiratory viruses on CXCL8 production found that although levels of CXCL8 protein in the nasal lavage fluid (NLF) of influenza virusand rhinovirus-infected patients correlated with a higher symptom score, this was not the case for RSV-infected patients. The recruitment of allergen-responsive T cells to the lung and draining lymph nodes has been linked to CCR1 in a murine model of RSV-induced exacerbation of allergic asthma (Schaller and Lukacs, unpublished data). abstract: A number of investigations have linked respiratory vial infections and the intensity and subsequent exacerbation of asthma through host response mechanisms. For example, it is likely that the immune-inflammatory response to respiratory syncytial virus can cause a predisposition toward an intense inflammatory reaction associated with asthma, and adenovirus might cause exacerbation of the immune response associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In each of these situations, the host's immune response plays a critical mechanistic role through the production of certain cytokines and chemokines. Specific aspects of these augmented immune responses are determined by the biology of the virus, the genetic variability of the host, and the cytokine-chemokine phenotype of the involved tissue. For instance, the type 1/type 2 cytokine ratio in the airways during infection with rhinovirus determines how long the viral infection endures. By this same theory, it has been demonstrated that chemokine levels produced during respiratory syncytial virus infection determine host responses to later immune stimuli in the lung, with the potential to augment the asthmatic response. Further research in this area will clarify cytokines, chemokines, or cell targets, which will provide the basis for next-generation therapies. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16890750/ doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.05.025 id: cord-344759-7zs389m9 author: Shilts, Meghan H. title: Nasopharyngeal Haemophilus and Local Immune Response during Infant Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection date: 2020-07-03 words: 1817 sentences: 111 pages: flesch: 50 cache: ./cache/cord-344759-7zs389m9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344759-7zs389m9.txt summary: 128 129 One hundred and five (~34%) of the 309 infants with RSV-only ARIs enrolled in INSPIRE had 130 ≥1 nasal wash with 16S rRNA sequencing and immune mediator data available -obtained as Page 7 part of separate projects 5, 6 -and were thus included in our study. Cluster #1 also mainly included 147 infants with a higher relative abundance of Haemophilus in their nasopharynx (Figure 1) In unadjusted analyses, the nasopharyngeal relative abundance of Haemophilus was positively 152 correlated with the levels of 39 (~75%) of the 52 local immune mediators after controlling for 153 multiple comparisons (Figure 2A and Table E3 in the Online Repository). 8, 9 195 196 Our study has multiple strengths, including the population-based design of the parent study, the 197 close surveillance during the infants'' first winter viral season to capture their initial RSV ARI, 198 the use of next-generation sequencing and high-throughput immune assays, and the use of 199 statistical analysis adjusting for potential confounders. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0091674920309520?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.06.023 id: cord-284576-nemh4wdo author: Sims, Jonathan T. title: Characterization of the Cytokine Storm Reflects Hyperinflammatory Endothelial Dysfunction in COVID-19 date: 2020-09-10 words: 1643 sentences: 91 pages: flesch: 42 cache: ./cache/cord-284576-nemh4wdo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284576-nemh4wdo.txt summary: Methods Blood samples from adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19 were analyzed using high-throughput and ultrasensitive proteomic platforms and compared with ageand sex-matched healthy controls to provide insights into differential regulation of 185 markers. Objective: To identify and characterize the host inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 59 infection, we assessed levels of proteins related to immune responses and cardiovascular 60 disease, in patients stratified as mild, moderate, and severe, versus matched healthy controls. Objective: To identify and characterize the host inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 59 infection, we assessed levels of proteins related to immune responses and cardiovascular 60 disease, in patients stratified as mild, moderate, and severe, versus matched healthy controls. Furthermore, in a limited series of patients who were sampled 69 frequently confirming reliability and reproducibility of our assays, we demonstrate that 70 intervention with baricitinib attenuates these circulating biomarkers associated with the cytokine 71 The COVID-19 pandemic created an overwhelming need to define host-derived molecular 96 mediators of disease severity evident in hospitalized patients. abstract: Background Physicians treating COVID-19 patients increasingly believe that the hyperinflammatory acute stage of COVID-19 results in a cytokine storm. The circulating biomarkers seen across the spectrum of COVID-19 have not been characterized compared to healthy controls, but such analyses are likely to yield insights into the pursuit of interventions that adequately reduce the burden of these cytokine storms. Objective To identify and characterize the host inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, we assessed levels of proteins related to immune responses and cardiovascular disease, in patients stratified as mild, moderate, and severe, versus matched healthy controls. Methods Blood samples from adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19 were analyzed using high-throughput and ultrasensitive proteomic platforms and compared with age- and sex-matched healthy controls to provide insights into differential regulation of 185 markers. Results Results indicate a dominant hyperinflammatory milieu in the circulation and vascular endothelial damage markers within COVID-19 patients, and strong biomarker association with patient response as measured by Ordinal scale. As patients progress, we observe statistically significant dysregulation of IFNγ, IL-1RA, IL-6, IL-10, IL-19, MCP-1, -2, -3, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL5, ENRAGE and PARP-1. Furthermore, in a limited series of patients who were sampled frequently confirming reliability and reproducibility of our assays, we demonstrate that intervention with baricitinib attenuates these circulating biomarkers associated with the cytokine storm. Conclusion These wide-ranging circulating biomarkers show an association with increased disease severity and may help stratify patients and selection of therapeutic options. They also provide insights into mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and the host response. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2020.08.031 doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.08.031 id: cord-327076-qq5499qg author: Siniorakis, Eftychios title: COVID-19 and upper respiratory tract: Collecting swab specimens from patients inhaling corticosteroids date: 2020-09-29 words: 721 sentences: 51 pages: flesch: 48 cache: ./cache/cord-327076-qq5499qg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327076-qq5499qg.txt summary: title: COVID-19 and upper respiratory tract: Collecting swab specimens from patients inhaling corticosteroids Correspondence COVID-19 and upper respiratory tract: Collecting swab specimens from patients inhaling corticosteroids Q 1 To the Editor: Jian et al 1 in a recent article refer to the immune reaction of the upper respiratory tract (URT) in patients infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 (coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19] pandemic). The authors wonder about the consequences of inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) on immune reaction. With the URT sprayed by ICSs, we are wondering about the diagnostic accuracy of specimens collected. With this in mind, swabbing the URT of coronavirus-infected patients under an ICS regimen renders the quality of the viral load collected questionable. With all this scepticism in our minds, we are preparing ourselves to cope with the intricacies of triaging in a COVID-19 era, performing with responsibility the swabbing techniques, ensuring specimens of high diagnostic accuracy. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33019963/ doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.09.004 id: cord-007385-xcx4ic0s author: Spector, Sheldon L. title: The common cold: Current therapy and natural history()()() date: 2005-11-30 words: 2044 sentences: 126 pages: flesch: 44 cache: ./cache/cord-007385-xcx4ic0s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-007385-xcx4ic0s.txt summary: 27 In a 1136 Spector J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUNOL MAY 1995 study by Sperber et al., 28 naproxen did not alter virus shedding or serum neutralizing antibody in experimental rhinovirus cold, but it had a beneficial effect on such symptoms as headache, malaise, myalgia, and cough. Although some time-honored treatments might have limited usefulness, novel attempts at ameliorating the symptoms of a common cold, such as the use of ipratropium bromide nasal spray or specific antiviral receptor therapy, might represent a significant advance. Potential role of hands in the spread of respiratory viral infections: studies with human parainfluenza virus 3 and rhinovirus 14 Development of common cold symptoms following experimental rhinovirus infection is related to prior stressful life events Analysis of nasal secretions during experimental rhinovirus upper respiratory infections Effect of experimental rhinovirus 39 infection on the nasal response to histamine and cold air challenges in allergic and nonallergic subjects abstract: Despite its prevalence, the common cold is complicated and can be difficult to treat, even symptomatically. There is still no cure for the myriad of viruses that cause the common cold. Many of the most popular remedies are either ineffective or counterproductive. This paper reviews the causes and course of upper respiratory infections, and discusses treatment options, including a new anticholinergic aqueous formulation for controlling rhinorrhea. (J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUNOL 1995;95:1133-8.) url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7112258/ doi: 10.1016/s0091-6749(95)70218-0 id: cord-256788-h4iv8crq author: Sumino, Kaharu title: Antiviral IFN-γ responses of monocytes at birth predict respiratory tract illness in the first year of life date: 2012-03-27 words: 5026 sentences: 238 pages: flesch: 47 cache: ./cache/cord-256788-h4iv8crq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256788-h4iv8crq.txt summary: 9 In that regard a decrease in IFN-g production from cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) stimulated by PHA or allergens has been associated with increased risk for acute respiratory tract illness during infancy. We assessed whether each of these immune end points could predict the development of respiratory tract illness during the first year of life in a prospective birth cohort of children at high risk for asthma and allergic disease. Together, these findings reinforce the association of a decreased IFN-g response to RSV with the development of increased viral respiratory tract infections in the first year of life. In this study we provide evidence that a decreased antiviral interferon response at the time of birth is selectively associated with an increase in acute respiratory tract infections in the first year of life among infants at high risk for asthma and allergic disease. abstract: BACKGROUND: Viral respiratory tract infections are the leading cause of acute illness during infancy and are closely linked to chronic inflammatory airway diseases later in life. However, the determinants of susceptibility to acute respiratory tract infections still need to be defined. OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether the individual variation in antiviral response at birth determines the risk for acute respiratory tract illness in the first year of life. METHODS: We studied 82 children who were enrolled in a birth cohort study of inner-city children with at least 1 parent with allergy or asthma. We cultured cord blood monocytes and assessed IFNG and CCL5 mRNA production at 24 hours after inoculation with respiratory syncytial virus. We also monitored the frequency of acute respiratory tract illness at 3-month intervals and analyzed nasal lavage samples for respiratory tract viruses at the time of illness during the first year. RESULTS: Respiratory tract infection was reported for 88% of subjects, and respiratory tract viruses were recovered in 74% of symptomatic children. We observed a wide range of antiviral responses in cord blood monocytes across the population. Furthermore, a decrease in production of IFNG (but not CCL5) mRNA in response to respiratory syncytial virus infection of monocytes was associated with a significant increase in the frequency of upper respiratory tract infections (r = −0.42, P < .001) and the prevalence of ear and sinus infections, pneumonias, and respiratory-related hospitalizations. CONCLUSION: Individual variations in the innate immune response to respiratory tract viruses are detectable even at birth, and these differences predict the susceptibility to acute respiratory tract illness during the first year of life. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22460071/ doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.02.033 id: cord-264311-t81r2l3r author: Toivonen, Laura title: Association between rhinovirus species and nasopharyngeal microbiota in infants with severe bronchiolitis date: 2019-01-14 words: 3590 sentences: 188 pages: flesch: 40 cache: ./cache/cord-264311-t81r2l3r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264311-t81r2l3r.txt summary: To address the knowledge gap, we examined the association between rhinovirus species and the nasopharyngeal airway microbiota determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing in 774 infants with severe bronchiolitis. Briefly, 1016 infants (age <1 year) hospitalized for bronchiolitis were enrolled in 17 sites across 14 US states (see Table E1 in this article''s Online in PBMC-engrafted mice (n 5 14-16 per group) without or with injection of neutrophils and subsequent intranasal challenge with birch pollen extract (BPE) or PBS. 7 Our observations-for example, the association between RV-C and higher likelihood of Moraxella-dominant microbiota-corroborate these earlier findings, and extend them by applying 16S rRNA gene sequencing to the airway samples of a large multicenter prospective cohort of infants with severe bronchiolitis. Despite this complexity, the identification of the association between specific virus species and airway microbiota in infants with bronchiolitis is important given their relation to subsequent respiratory health in children. abstract: Among 774 infants with severe bronchiolitis, rhinovirus species related to distinct nasopharyngeal microbiota. Infants with rhinovirus-A were more likely to have Haemophilus-dominant microbiota profile, while those with rhinovirus-C were more likely to have Moraxella-dominant profile. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0091674919300211 doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.12.1004 id: cord-252950-eiphxwmn author: Trouillet-Assant, Sophie title: Type I IFN immunoprofiling in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-04-29 words: 1555 sentences: 118 pages: flesch: 53 cache: ./cache/cord-252950-eiphxwmn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252950-eiphxwmn.txt summary: COVID patients in ICU present a high mortality rate and immunoprofiling reveals heterogeneous IFN-α2 production with about 20% of critically-ill patients unable to produce IFN-α2, highlighting the immune response heterogeneity and opening avenues for targeted therapies. 42 Capsule summary: 43 COVID patients in ICU present a high mortality rate and immunoprofiling reveals heterogeneous α2 production with about 20% of critically-ill patients unable to produce IFN-α2, highlighting the 45 immune response heterogeneity and opening avenues for targeted therapies. Various immunosuppressive drugs, including IL-6 blockers or JAK-STAT signaling inhibitors have been 56 suggested for the treatment of SARS-COV-2 infection 2 whereas additional clinical trials are evaluating 57 the use of recombinant interferon to foster host antiviral response. To date, IFN-I response has not been evaluated in COVID-19 60 patients and its contribution to the viral control and inflammation is unknown. We further explored a larger cohort of 26 critically ill COVID patients from one of the intensive care 75 unit (ICU) at Hospices Civils de Lyon (Lyon, France). abstract: COVID patients in ICU present a high mortality rate and immunoprofiling reveals heterogeneous IFN-α2 production with about 20% of critically-ill patients unable to produce IFN-α2, highlighting the immune response heterogeneity and opening avenues for targeted therapies. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2020.04.029 doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.04.029 id: cord-347512-veavzt6d author: Ueland, Thor title: Elevated plasma sTIM-3 levels in severe Covid-19 patients date: 2020-09-21 words: 1926 sentences: 136 pages: flesch: 58 cache: ./cache/cord-347512-veavzt6d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347512-veavzt6d.txt summary: Methods We analyzed plasma levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO, neutrophil activation), soluble (s) CD25 and soluble T cell immunoglobulin mucin domain-3 (sTIM-3) (markers of T cell activation and exhaustion) and sCD14 and sCD163 (markers of monocyte/macrophage activation) in 39 COVID-19 infected patients at hospital admission and two additional times during the first 10 days in relation to the need for ICU treatment. Results Our major findings were: (i) Severe clinical outcome (ICU) was associated with high plasma levels sTIM-3 and MPO suggesting activated and potentially exhausted T cells and activated neutrophils, respectively. Patients admitted to ICU were characterized by high levels of the T cell activation marker sCD25 and sTIM-3 in à priori analysis, and for sTIM-3 also in posthoc testing. In contrast to the T cell markers and MPO, plasma levels of sCD14 and sCD163, reflecting activation of monocytes/macrophages, were similar in ICU and non-ICU patients ( Figure 1 ). abstract: Background The pathogenesis of COVID-19 is still incompletely understood, but seems to involve immune activation and immune dysregulation. Objective We examined parameters of activation of different leukocyte subsets in COVID-19 infected patients in relation to disease severity. Methods We analyzed plasma levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO, neutrophil activation), soluble (s) CD25 and soluble T cell immunoglobulin mucin domain-3 (sTIM-3) (markers of T cell activation and exhaustion) and sCD14 and sCD163 (markers of monocyte/macrophage activation) in 39 COVID-19 infected patients at hospital admission and two additional times during the first 10 days in relation to the need for ICU treatment. Results Our major findings were: (i) Severe clinical outcome (ICU) was associated with high plasma levels sTIM-3 and MPO suggesting activated and potentially exhausted T cells and activated neutrophils, respectively. (ii) In contrast, sCD14 and sCD163 showed no association with need for ICU treatment. (iii) sCD25, sTIM-3 and MPO were inversely correlated with the degree of respiratory failure as assessed by P/F ratio and positively correlated with the cardiac marker N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide. Conclusion Our findings suggest that neutrophil activation and in particular activated T cells may play an important role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 infection, suggesting that T cell targeted treatment options and downregulation of neutrophil activation could be of importance in this disorder. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0091674920313142 doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.09.007 id: cord-334801-p5mxc694 author: Van Singer, Mathias title: COVID-19 risk stratification algorithms based on sTREM-1 and IL-6 in emergency department date: 2020-10-09 words: 2006 sentences: 129 pages: flesch: 50 cache: ./cache/cord-334801-p5mxc694.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334801-p5mxc694.txt summary: We evaluated the accuracy of clinical signs and these biomarkers in predicting 30-day intubation/mortality, and oxygen requirement by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and by classification and regression tree analysis. sTREM-1-and IL-6-based algorithms are 54 highly sensitive to identify patients with adverse outcome and could serve as early triage The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has led to 84 surges of patients that can overwhelm health systems (1) (2) (3) (4) . Current prediction 90 models to support clinical decision making for Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients 91 were developed based on demographics, clinical signs and symptoms, imaging techniques, 92 biomarkers or a combination of these variables, however most are poorly validated and at risk 93 of bias (10). 282 The CRT analysis performed with all clinical signs, severity scores and biomarkers to predict Since we could also use this triage tool to identify patients at high risk of poor outcomes, we 290 tested this algorithm to predict 7-and 30-day intubation/death. abstract: Background The COVID-19 pandemic has led to surges of patients presenting to emergency departments (ED) and potentially overwhelming health systems. Objective This study aimed to assess the predictive accuracy of host biomarkers at clinical presentation to the ED for adverse outcome. Methods Prospective observational study of PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients in the ED of a Swiss hospital. Concentrations of inflammatory and endothelial dysfunction biomarkers were determined at clinical presentation. We evaluated the accuracy of clinical signs and these biomarkers in predicting 30-day intubation/mortality, and oxygen requirement by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and by classification and regression tree analysis. Results Of 76 COVID-19 patients included, 24 were outpatients or hospitalized without oxygen requirement, 35 hospitalized with oxygen requirement and 17 intubated/died. We found that soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (sTREM-1) had the best prognostic accuracy for 30-day intubation/mortality (AUROC 0.86; 95% CI 0.77-0.95) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) measured at presentation to the ED had the best accuracy for 30-day oxygen requirement (AUROC 0.84; 95% CI 0.74-0.94) .An algorithm based on respiratory rate and sTREM-1 predicted 30-day intubation/mortality with 94% sensitivity and 0.1 NLR. An IL-6-based algorithm had 98% sensitivity and 0.04 negative likelihood ratio (NLR) for 30-day oxygen requirement. Conclusion sTREM-1 and IL-6 concentrations in COVID-19 in the ED have good predictive accuracy for intubation/mortality and oxygen requirement. sTREM-1- and IL-6-based algorithms are highly sensitive to identify patients with adverse outcome and could serve as early triage tools. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33045281/ doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.10.001 id: cord-349754-v6lll1xy author: Zhu, Zhaozhong title: Investigating asthma heterogeneity through shared and distinct genetics: insights from genome-wide cross-trait analysis date: 2020-07-18 words: 1776 sentences: 105 pages: flesch: 41 cache: ./cache/cord-349754-v6lll1xy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349754-v6lll1xy.txt summary: title: Investigating asthma heterogeneity through shared and distinct genetics: insights from genome-wide cross-trait analysis The genome-wide cross-trait analysis features in several analytical aspects: genetic correlation, cross-trait meta-analysis, Mendelian randomization, polygenic risk score and functional analysis. A major advantage going from phenotypic correlations to genetic 138 correlations is to improve understanding of the mechanism(s)-shared genetic components can 139 be identified at different levels, from whole genome to individual variants, providing insights 140 into the reasons why asthma and coexistent diseases or traits are correlated. 26-29 A genome-wide cross-trait analysis features several analyses: 173 genetic correlation, cross-trait meta-analysis, Mendelian randomization, polygenic risk score, 174 and GWAS functional analysis. Of note, the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region (chr6: 25-34Mb) was found to be 262 shared in the cross-trait meta-analysis of allergic disease and asthma as well as that between 263 major depressive disorder and asthma. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) An analytical method that tests the association between each genetic variant and a specific phenotype (a disease status or a quantitative trait). abstract: Abstract: Asthma is a heterogeneous respiratory disease reflecting distinct pathobiological mechanisms. These mechanisms are based, at least partly, on different genetic factors shared by many other conditions, such as allergic diseases and obesity. Investigating the shared genetic effects enables better understanding the mechanisms of phenotypic correlations and is less subject to confounding by environmental factors. The increasing availability of large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) for asthma has enabled researchers to examine the genetic contributions to the epidemiological associations between asthma subtypes, and those between coexisting diseases/traits and asthma. Studies have found not only shared but also distinct genetic components between asthma subtypes, indicating that the heterogeneity is related to distinct genetics. This review summarizes a recently compiled analytical approach—genome-wide cross-trait analysis—to determine shared and distinct genetic architecture. The genome-wide cross-trait analysis features in several analytical aspects: genetic correlation, cross-trait meta-analysis, Mendelian randomization, polygenic risk score and functional analysis. In this article, we discuss in detail the scientific goals that can be achieved by these analyses, their advantages and limitations. We also make recommendations for future directions: 1) ethnicity-specific asthma GWASs, and 2) application of cross-trait methods to multi-omics data to dissect the heritability found in GWAS. Finally, these analytical approaches are also applicable to complex and heterogeneous traits beyond asthma. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2020.07.004 doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.07.004 id: cord-034640-ygtbuy4k author: nan title: Corrigenda date: 2020-11-04 words: 264 sentences: 27 pages: flesch: 45 cache: ./cache/cord-034640-ygtbuy4k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-034640-ygtbuy4k.txt summary: key: cord-034640-ygtbuy4k authors: nan cord_uid: ygtbuy4k This is highlighted by preliminary findings in a recent study demonstrating the efficacy of dexamethasone in reducing mortality in critically ill patients with COVID-19, but showing no benefit in those not requiring respiratory support. 4 Furthermore, our study 5 demonstrated a ''''dose-response,'''' with greater degrees of respiratory allergy being associated with larger reductions in angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 gene expression in the nasal epithelium, and the impact of suppressing type 2 inflammation in these individuals is not currently known. SARS-CoV-2 reverse genetics reveals a variable infection gradient in the respiratory tract Effect of dexamethasone in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: preliminary report Association of respiratory allergy, asthma, and expression of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 The names were shown as Gregori Silvia, PhD, and Aiuti Alessandro, MD, PhD. The first and last names of both authors were inadvertently reversed and should be Silvia Gregori abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7640884/ doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.08.023 ==== make-pages.sh questions [ERIC WAS HERE] ==== make-pages.sh search /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/make-pages.sh: line 77: /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/tmp/search.htm: No such file or directory Traceback (most recent call last): File "/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/tsv2htm-search.py", line 51, in with open( TEMPLATE, 'r' ) as handle : htm = handle.read() FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/tmp/search.htm' ==== make-pages.sh topic modeling corpus Zipping study carrel