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Cosgrove, B.P.; Bell, E.J.; Madeley, C.R. title: Viruses demonstrated in children in Tanzania: Studies in diarrhoea and measles date: 2005-04-14 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/s0163-4453(79)91285-4 sha: doc_id: 19982 cord_uid: hyxrgamj file: cache/cord-008671-k0vda7fy.json key: cord-008671-k0vda7fy authors: McCormack, J.G. title: Clinical features of rotavirus gastroenteritis date: 2005-04-14 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/s0163-4453(82)93777-x sha: doc_id: 8671 cord_uid: k0vda7fy file: cache/cord-030636-wpjmwwpu.json key: cord-030636-wpjmwwpu authors: nan title: Dear Editor, date: 2020-08-19 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.08.023 sha: doc_id: 30636 cord_uid: wpjmwwpu file: cache/cord-257489-ruf4rzxm.json key: cord-257489-ruf4rzxm authors: Kee, Sae Yoon; Lee, Jin Soo; Cheong, Hee Jin; Chun, Byung Chul; Song, Joon Young; Choi, Won Suk; Jo, Yu Mi; Seo, Yoo Bin; Kim, Woo Joo title: Influenza vaccine coverage rates and perceptions on vaccination in South Korea date: 2007-06-28 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2007.04.354 sha: doc_id: 257489 cord_uid: ruf4rzxm file: cache/cord-019977-kj0eaw6v.json key: cord-019977-kj0eaw6v authors: nan title: Neonatal bacterial infection: A changing scene? date: 2005-04-14 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/s0163-4453(82)91569-9 sha: doc_id: 19977 cord_uid: kj0eaw6v file: cache/cord-256808-lxlerb13.json key: cord-256808-lxlerb13 authors: Lim, W.S; Anderson, S.R; Read, R.C title: Hospital management of adults with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) if SARS re-emerges—updated 10 February 2004 date: 2004-06-02 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2004.04.001 sha: doc_id: 256808 cord_uid: lxlerb13 file: cache/cord-256633-vls23fu5.json key: cord-256633-vls23fu5 authors: Dimeglio, Chloé; Loubes, Jean-Michel; Deporte, Benjamin; Dubois, Martine; Latour, Justine; Mansuy, Jean-Michel; Izopet, Jacques title: The SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence is the key factor for deconfinement in France date: 2020-04-29 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.04.031 sha: doc_id: 256633 cord_uid: vls23fu5 file: cache/cord-027498-cfzfgzqi.json key: cord-027498-cfzfgzqi authors: Hattori, Takeshi; Amishima, Masaru; Morinaga, Daisuke; Kamada, Keisuke; Nakakubo, Sho; Yamashita, Yu; Shichinohe, Yasuo; Fujisawa, Shinichi; Nishida, Mutsumi; Nasuhara, Yasuyuki; Teshima, Takanori; Konno, Satoshi title: Older age is associated with sustained detection of SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal swab samples date: 2020-06-21 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.046 sha: doc_id: 27498 cord_uid: cfzfgzqi file: cache/cord-008695-y7il3hyb.json key: cord-008695-y7il3hyb authors: nan title: Pandemic Flu: Clinical management of patients with an influenza-like illness during an influenza pandemic date: 2007-01-25 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/s0163-4453(07)60001-2 sha: doc_id: 8695 cord_uid: y7il3hyb file: cache/cord-257732-3xuy6tbn.json key: cord-257732-3xuy6tbn authors: Azzi, Lorenzo; Carcano, Giulio; Gianfagna, Francesco; Grossi, Paolo; Gasperina, Daniela Dalla; Genoni, Angelo; Fasano, Mauro; Sessa, Fausto; Tettamanti, Lucia; Carinci, Francesco; Maurino, Vittorio; Rossi, Agostino; Tagliabue, Angelo; Baj, Andreina title: Saliva is a reliable tool to detect SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-04-14 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.04.005 sha: doc_id: 257732 cord_uid: 3xuy6tbn file: cache/cord-260247-akujsk0s.json key: cord-260247-akujsk0s authors: Hamed, Ehab title: Rates of recurrent positive SARS-CoV-2 swab results among patients attending primary care in Qatar date: 2020-11-02 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.10.029 sha: doc_id: 260247 cord_uid: akujsk0s file: cache/cord-261405-n05wjimk.json key: cord-261405-n05wjimk authors: Lui, Grace; Ling, Lowell; Lai, Christopher KC; Tso, Eugene YK; Fung, Kitty SC; Chan, Veronica; Ho, Tracy HY; Luk, Fion; Chen, Zigui; Ng, Joyce KC; Chow, Kai-ming; Cheng, Peter KC; Chan, Rickjason CW; Tsang, Dominic NC; Gomersall, Charles; Hui, David SC; Chan, Paul KS title: Viral dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 across a spectrum of disease severity in COVID-19 date: 2020-04-18 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.04.014 sha: doc_id: 261405 cord_uid: n05wjimk file: cache/cord-019968-o5bdb37q.json key: cord-019968-o5bdb37q authors: Goldwater, Paul N. title: Gastroenteritis in Auckland: An aetiological and clinical study date: 2005-04-14 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/s0163-4453(79)90677-7 sha: doc_id: 19968 cord_uid: o5bdb37q file: cache/cord-010540-0zkc5w74.json key: cord-010540-0zkc5w74 authors: Lei, Pinggui; Fan, Bing; Mao, Jujiang; Wang, Pingxian title: Multiple parameters required for diagnosis of COVID-19 in clinical practice date: 2020-03-19 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.016 sha: doc_id: 10540 cord_uid: 0zkc5w74 file: cache/cord-263671-2b54qfo7.json key: cord-263671-2b54qfo7 authors: Soriano, María Cruz; Vaquero, Concepción; Ortiz-Fernández, Almudena; Caballero, Alvaro; Blandino-Ortiz, Aaron; Pablo, Raúl de title: Low incidence of co-infection, but high incidence of ICU-acquired infections in critically ill patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-09-19 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.09.010 sha: doc_id: 263671 cord_uid: 2b54qfo7 file: cache/cord-254556-1zthrgy1.json key: cord-254556-1zthrgy1 authors: Taylor, Sylvia; Lopez, Pio; Weckx, Lily; Borja-Tabora, Charissa; Ulloa-Gutierrez, Rolando; Lazcano-Ponce, Eduardo; Kerdpanich, Angkool; Angel Rodriguez Weber, Miguel; Mascareñas de Los Santos, Abiel; Tinoco, Juan-Carlos; Safadi, Marco Aurelio P.; Lim, Fong Seng; Hernandez-de Mezerville, Marcela; Faingezicht, Idis; Cruz-Valdez, Aurelio; Feng, Yang; Li, Ping; Durviaux, Serge; Haars, Gerco; Roy-Ghanta, Sumita; Vaughn, David W.; Nolan, Terry title: Respiratory viruses and influenza-like illness: Epidemiology and outcomes in children aged 6 months to 10 years in a multi-country population sample date: 2016-09-22 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2016.09.003 sha: doc_id: 254556 cord_uid: 1zthrgy1 file: cache/cord-261240-osbk041e.json key: cord-261240-osbk041e authors: Bermejo-Martin, Jesús F; Almansa, Raquel; Menéndez, Rosario; Mendez, Raúl; Kelvin, David J; Torres, Antoni title: Lymphopenic community acquired pneumonia as signature of severe COVID-19 infection date: 2020-03-05 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.029 sha: doc_id: 261240 cord_uid: osbk041e file: cache/cord-252980-1e28zj1d.json key: cord-252980-1e28zj1d authors: Zhang, Jiahao; Jia, Weixin; Zhu, Junhai; Li, Bo; Xing, Jinchao; Liao, Ming; Qi, Wenbao title: Insights into the cross-species evolution of 2019 novel coronavirus date: 2020-03-04 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.025 sha: doc_id: 252980 cord_uid: 1e28zj1d file: cache/cord-025481-ljs80v45.json key: cord-025481-ljs80v45 authors: Hu, Jianhua; Zhang, Xiaoli; Zhang, Xuan; Zhao, Hong; Lian, Jiangshan; Hao, Shaorui; Jia, Hongyu; Yang, Meifang; Lu, Yingfeng; Xiang, Dairong; Cai, Huan; Zhang, Shanyan; Gu, Jueqing; Ye, Chanyuan; Yu, Guodong; Jin, Ciliang; Zheng, Lin; Yang, Yida; Sheng, Jifang title: COVID-19 patients with hypertension have more severity condition, and ACEI/ARB treatment have no infulence on the clinical severity and outcome date: 2020-05-28 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.056 sha: doc_id: 25481 cord_uid: ljs80v45 file: cache/cord-030594-xhp8kin0.json key: cord-030594-xhp8kin0 authors: nan title: Dear the Editor, date: 2020-08-19 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.08.021 sha: doc_id: 30594 cord_uid: xhp8kin0 file: cache/cord-264255-q5izs39f.json key: cord-264255-q5izs39f authors: Chieochansin, Thaweesak; Samransamruajkit, Rujipat; Chutinimitkul, Salin; Payungporn, Sunchai; Hiranras, Thitikul; Theamboonlers, Apiradee; Poovorawan, Yong title: Human bocavirus (HBoV) in Thailand: Clinical manifestations in a hospitalized pediatric patient and molecular virus characterization date: 2007-12-31 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2007.11.006 sha: doc_id: 264255 cord_uid: q5izs39f file: cache/cord-264285-1sne3ng1.json key: cord-264285-1sne3ng1 authors: Sze, Shirley; Pan, Daniel; Williams, Caroline M.L.; Wong, Nicholas; Sahota, Amandip; Bell, David; Tang, Julian W.; Wiselka, Martin; Stephenson, Iain; Pareek, Manish title: Letter to the Editor: Variability but not admission or trends in NEWS2 score predicts clinical outcome in elderly hospitalised patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-05-29 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.063 sha: doc_id: 264285 cord_uid: 1sne3ng1 file: cache/cord-266036-qhlo99l7.json key: cord-266036-qhlo99l7 authors: Axell-House, Dierdre B.; Lavingia, Richa; Rafferty, Megan; 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Cai, Juncheng; Lin, Qiuyan; Xiang, Bin; Ren, Tao title: Imported COVID-19 Cases Pose New Challenges for China date: 2020-04-10 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.048 sha: doc_id: 254512 cord_uid: dct045kl file: cache/cord-266033-gbx48scp.json key: cord-266033-gbx48scp authors: Xu, Yu-Huan; Dong, Jing-Hui; An, Wei-Min; Lv, Xiao-Yan; Yin, Xiao-Ping; Zhang, Jian-Zeng; Dong, Li; Ma, Xi; Zhang, Hong-Jie; Gao, Bu-Lang title: Clinical and computed tomographic imaging features of novel coronavirus pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-02-25 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.017 sha: doc_id: 266033 cord_uid: gbx48scp file: cache/cord-265504-yq9wsugy.json key: cord-265504-yq9wsugy authors: Anim, Desmond Ofosu; Ofori-Asenso, Richard title: Water scarcity and COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa date: 2020-05-21 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.032 sha: doc_id: 265504 cord_uid: yq9wsugy file: cache/cord-254635-gtgahlqm.json key: cord-254635-gtgahlqm authors: Sun, Guanghao; Matsui, Takemi; Hakozaki, Yukiya; Abe, Shigeto title: An infectious disease/fever screening radar system which stratifies higher-risk patients within ten seconds using a neural network and the fuzzy grouping method date: 2014-12-23 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2014.12.007 sha: doc_id: 254635 cord_uid: gtgahlqm file: cache/cord-264302-8vo5psgm.json key: cord-264302-8vo5psgm authors: Lu, Yue; Zhang, Leiliang title: Social media WeChat infers the development trend of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-10 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.050 sha: doc_id: 264302 cord_uid: 8vo5psgm file: cache/cord-270258-9vgpphiu.json key: cord-270258-9vgpphiu authors: Ko, Jae-Hoon; Park, Ga Eun; Lee, Ji Yeon; Lee, Ji Yong; Cho, Sun Young; Ha, Young Eun; Kang, Cheol-In; Kang, Ji-Man; Kim, Yae-Jean; Huh, Hee Jae; Ki, Chang-Seok; Jeong, Byeong-Ho; Park, Jinkyeong; Chung, Chi Ryang; Chung, Doo Ryeon; Song, Jae-Hoon; Peck, Kyong Ran title: Predictive factors for pneumonia development and progression to respiratory failure in MERS-CoV infected patients date: 2016-08-09 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2016.08.005 sha: doc_id: 270258 cord_uid: 9vgpphiu file: cache/cord-008676-35dgybwy.json key: cord-008676-35dgybwy authors: Armero, Georgina; Launes, Cristian; Hernández-Platero, Lluïsa; Alejandre, Carme; Muñoz-Almagro, Carmen; Jordan, Iolanda title: Severe respiratory disease with rhinovirus detection: Role of bacteria in the most severe cases date: 2016-08-05 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2016.07.010 sha: doc_id: 8676 cord_uid: 35dgybwy file: cache/cord-260925-puuqv6zk.json key: cord-260925-puuqv6zk authors: Wen, Feng; Yu, Hai; Guo, Jinyue; Li, Yong; Luo, Kaijian; Huang, Shujian title: Identification of the hyper-variable genomic hotspot for the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-03-05 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.027 sha: doc_id: 260925 cord_uid: puuqv6zk file: cache/cord-266564-imj1lcy9.json key: cord-266564-imj1lcy9 authors: Liu, Yangli; Chen, Haihong; Tang, Kejing; Guo, Yubiao title: Clinical manifestations and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy date: 2020-03-05 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.028 sha: doc_id: 266564 cord_uid: imj1lcy9 file: cache/cord-271957-osaycpe8.json key: cord-271957-osaycpe8 authors: Zuin, Marco; Rigatelli, Gianluca; Zuliani, Giovanni; Rigatelli, Alberto; Mazza, Alberto; Roncon, Loris title: Arterial hypertension and risk of death in patients with COVID-19 infection: systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-04-11 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.059 sha: doc_id: 271957 cord_uid: osaycpe8 file: cache/cord-273751-61eeykj1.json key: cord-273751-61eeykj1 authors: Yang, Zhenwei; Liu, Jialong; Zhou, Yunjiao; Zhao, Xixian; Zhao, Qiu; Liu, Jing title: The effect of corticosteroid treatment on patients with coronavirus infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-04-10 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.062 sha: doc_id: 273751 cord_uid: 61eeykj1 file: cache/cord-025980-85jbwmfv.json key: cord-025980-85jbwmfv authors: Iwasaki, Sumio; Fujisawa, Shinichi; Nakakubo, Sho; Kamada, Keisuke; Yamashita, Yu; Fukumoto, Tatsuya; Sato, Kaori; Oguri, Satoshi; Taki, Keisuke; Senjo, Hajime; Sugita, Junichi; Hayasaka, Kasumi; Konno, Satoshi; Nishida, Mutsumi; Teshima, Takanori title: Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 detection in nasopharyngeal swab and saliva date: 2020-06-04 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.071 sha: doc_id: 25980 cord_uid: 85jbwmfv file: cache/cord-008678-zi3aunqz.json key: cord-008678-zi3aunqz authors: Piñana, José Luis; Albert, Eliseo; Gómez, María Dolores; Pérez, Ariadna; Hernández-Boluda, Juan Carlos; Montoro, Juan; Salavert, Miguel; González, Eva María; Tormo, Mar; Giménez, Estela; Villalba, Marta; Balaguer-Roselló, Aitana; Hernani, Rafael; Bueno, Felipe; Borrás, Rafael; Sanz, Jaime; Solano, Carlos; Navarro, David title: Clinical significance of Pneumocystis jirovecii DNA detection by real-time PCR in hematological patient respiratory specimens date: 2020-01-10 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.01.001 sha: doc_id: 8678 cord_uid: zi3aunqz file: cache/cord-281984-en9825p9.json key: cord-281984-en9825p9 authors: Wang, Shijie; Fu, Lingli; Huang, Kejie; Han, Jianglong; Zhang, Rui; Fu, Zhenming title: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio at admission is an independent risk factors for the severity and mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 date: 2020-09-24 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.09.022 sha: doc_id: 281984 cord_uid: en9825p9 file: cache/cord-282053-ftjx29lw.json key: cord-282053-ftjx29lw authors: Luis García de GuadianaRomualdo; Mulero, María Dolores Rodríguez; Olivo, Marta Hernández; Rojas, Carlos Rodríguez; Arenas, Verónica Ramos; Morales, Mercedes González; Abellán, Ana Blazquez; Zamora, Pablo Conesa; García, Josefina; Hernández, Andrés Conesa; Morell-García, Daniel; Otón, María Dolores Albaladejo; Consuegra-Sánchez, Luciano title: Circulating levels of GDF-15 and calprotectin for prediction of in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients: a case series date: 2020-08-12 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.08.010 sha: doc_id: 282053 cord_uid: ftjx29lw file: cache/cord-269389-x8i5x62v.json key: cord-269389-x8i5x62v authors: Gensini, Gian Franco; Yacoub, Magdi H.; Conti, Andrea A. title: The concept of quarantine in history: from plague to SARS date: 2004-04-12 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2004.03.002 sha: doc_id: 269389 cord_uid: x8i5x62v file: cache/cord-265772-diahoew3.json key: cord-265772-diahoew3 authors: Zhang, Yue; Li, Jianguo; Xiao, Yan; Zhang, Jing; Wang, Ying; Chen, Lan; Paranhos-Baccalà, Gláucia; Ren, Lili; Wang, Jianwei title: Genotype shift in human coronavirus OC43 and emergence of a novel genotype by natural recombination date: 2014-12-18 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2014.12.005 sha: doc_id: 265772 cord_uid: diahoew3 file: cache/cord-255174-h1izji2g.json key: cord-255174-h1izji2g authors: Wei, Yuan-Yuan; Wang, Rui-Rui; Zhang, Da-Wei; Tu, You- Hui; Chen, Chang- Shan; Ji, Shuang; Li, Chun-Xi; Li, Xiu-Yong; Zhou, Meng-Xi; Cao, Wen- Sheng; Han, Ming- Feng; Fei, Guang-He title: Risk factors for severe COVID-19: evidence from 167 hospitalized patients in Anhui, China date: 2020-04-17 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.04.010 sha: doc_id: 255174 cord_uid: h1izji2g file: cache/cord-274558-1k7bi6ng.json key: cord-274558-1k7bi6ng authors: Moiseev, Sergey; Brovko, Michail; Tao, Ekaterina; Bulanov, Nikolay; Fomin, Larisa Akulkina Victor title: Sex differences in mortality in the intensive care unit patients with severe COVID-19 date: 2020-09-28 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.09.031 sha: doc_id: 274558 cord_uid: 1k7bi6ng file: cache/cord-276328-08ava9ni.json key: cord-276328-08ava9ni authors: Kunutsor, Setor K.; Laukkanen, Jari A. title: Hepatic manifestations and complications of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-06-21 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.043 sha: doc_id: 276328 cord_uid: 08ava9ni file: cache/cord-025482-9iy4fxd5.json key: cord-025482-9iy4fxd5 authors: Zhong, Yueyang; Wang, Kai; Zhu, Yanan; Lyu, Danni; Yao, Ke title: COVID-19: Evidence of the Eye date: 2020-05-28 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.054 sha: doc_id: 25482 cord_uid: 9iy4fxd5 file: cache/cord-276991-gv1k7u7j.json key: cord-276991-gv1k7u7j authors: Zhang, Xu; Chen, Xiaoyuan; Zhang, Zhipeng; Roy, Ayan; Shen, Yongyi title: Strategies to trace back the origin of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-08 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.032 sha: doc_id: 276991 cord_uid: gv1k7u7j file: cache/cord-277705-6lgt2i7f.json key: cord-277705-6lgt2i7f authors: Luan, Junwen; Lu, Yue; Gao, Shan; Zhang, Leiliang title: A potential inhibitory role for integrin in the receptor targeting of SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-04-10 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.046 sha: doc_id: 277705 cord_uid: 6lgt2i7f file: cache/cord-277763-ihg3te63.json key: cord-277763-ihg3te63 authors: Moynan, David; Cagney, Maura; Dhuthaigh, Aoife Ni; Foley, Margaret; Salter, Aisling; Reidy, Niamh; Reidy, Paul; de Barra, Eoghan; Fitzpatrick, Fidelma title: The role of healthcare staff COVID-19 screening in infection prevention & control date: 2020-06-25 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.057 sha: doc_id: 277763 cord_uid: ihg3te63 file: cache/cord-282499-baia5prj.json key: cord-282499-baia5prj authors: Lei, Pinggui; Fan, Bing; Yuan, Yingnan title: The evolution of CT characteristics in the patients with COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-03-19 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.014 sha: doc_id: 282499 cord_uid: baia5prj file: cache/cord-287030-xzothuf7.json key: cord-287030-xzothuf7 authors: Pigott, David C. title: Emergency department evaluation of the febrile traveler date: 2006-05-23 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2006.03.028 sha: doc_id: 287030 cord_uid: xzothuf7 file: cache/cord-026603-h4zy3244.json key: cord-026603-h4zy3244 authors: Gallo, Oreste; Giovanni, Locatello Luca; 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Hélène; Doucet, Lucile; Berkani, Sabryne; Oliosi, Emma; Mallard, Elise; Corre, Félix; Zarrouk, Virginie; Moyer, Jean-Denis; Galy, Adrien; Honsel, Vasco; Fantin, Bruno; Nguyen, Yann title: Post-discharge persistent symptoms and health-related quality of life after hospitalization for COVID-19 date: 2020-08-25 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.08.029 sha: doc_id: 309294 cord_uid: ax6sr3zr file: cache/cord-299018-eo73yl4v.json key: cord-299018-eo73yl4v authors: Gandini, O.; Criniti, A.; Ballesio, L.; Giglio, S.; Galardo, G.; Gianni, W.; Santoro, L.; Angeloni, A.; Lubrano, C. title: Serum Ferritin as an independent risk factor for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in COVID-19 Patients in Rome Italy date: 2020-09-15 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.09.006 sha: doc_id: 299018 cord_uid: eo73yl4v file: cache/cord-305583-p2jp5fiq.json key: cord-305583-p2jp5fiq authors: Lalloo, David G.; Shingadia, Delane; Bell, David J.; Beeching, Nicholas J.; Whitty, Christopher J.M.; Chiodini, Peter L. title: UK malaria treatment guidelines 2016 date: 2016-02-12 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2016.02.001 sha: doc_id: 305583 cord_uid: p2jp5fiq file: cache/cord-308501-z3eiac25.json key: cord-308501-z3eiac25 authors: Zhu, Chengliang; Liu, Weiyong; Su, Hanwen; Li, Sitong; Shereen, Muhammad Adnan; Lv, Zhihua; Niu, Zhili; Li, Dong; Liu, Fang; Luo, Zhen; Xia, Yuchen title: nBreastfeeding Risk from Detectable Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Breastmilk date: 2020-06-04 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.001 sha: doc_id: 308501 cord_uid: z3eiac25 file: cache/cord-309577-438fotfd.json key: cord-309577-438fotfd authors: Xing, Yuhan; Ni, Wei; Wu, Qin; Li, Wenjie; Li, Guoju; Wang, Wendi; Tong, Jianning; Song, Xiufeng; Wong, Gary Wing Kin; Xing, Quansheng title: Dynamics of faecal SARS-CoV-2 in infected children during the convalescent phase date: 2020-04-10 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.049 sha: doc_id: 309577 cord_uid: 438fotfd file: cache/cord-308852-qdn04pun.json key: cord-308852-qdn04pun authors: Lei, Hao; Xu, Xiaolin; Xiao, Shenglan; Wu, Xifeng; Shu, Yuelong title: Household transmission of COVID-19-a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-08-25 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.08.033 sha: doc_id: 308852 cord_uid: qdn04pun file: cache/cord-315300-v3pxb997.json key: cord-315300-v3pxb997 authors: Zhang, Haipeng; Wu, Ti title: CD4+T, CD8+T counts and severe COVID-19: A meta-analysis date: 2020-06-20 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.036 sha: doc_id: 315300 cord_uid: v3pxb997 file: cache/cord-309476-hel3h25h.json key: cord-309476-hel3h25h authors: Brown, Julianne R.; Bharucha, Tehmina; Breuer, Judith title: Encephalitis diagnosis using metagenomics: application of next generation sequencing for undiagnosed cases date: 2018-01-02 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2017.12.014 sha: doc_id: 309476 cord_uid: hel3h25h file: cache/cord-317315-yyssvbbl.json key: cord-317315-yyssvbbl authors: Mao, Ming-Hui; Guo, Jing-Jing; Qin, Li-Zheng; Han, Zheng-Xue; Wang, Ya-Jie; Yang, Di title: Serial semiquantitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva samples date: 2020-10-06 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.10.002 sha: doc_id: 317315 cord_uid: yyssvbbl file: cache/cord-311853-k6efd9vg.json key: cord-311853-k6efd9vg authors: Lim, Rachel HF; Chow, Angela; Ho, Hanley J title: Decline in pneumococcal disease incidence in the time of COVID-19 in Singapore date: 2020-08-15 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.08.020 sha: doc_id: 311853 cord_uid: k6efd9vg file: cache/cord-316501-fl2wvhia.json key: cord-316501-fl2wvhia authors: Noh, Ji Yun; Yoon, Jin Gu; Seong, Hye; Choi, Won Suk; Sohn, Jang Wook; Cheong, Hee Jin; Kim, Woo Joo; Song, Joon Young title: Asymptomatic infection and atypical manifestations of COVID-19: comparison of viral shedding duration date: 2020-05-21 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.035 sha: doc_id: 316501 cord_uid: fl2wvhia file: cache/cord-310001-qng7h5cj.json key: cord-310001-qng7h5cj authors: Tomlins, Jennifer; Hamilton, Fergus; Gunning, Samuel; Sheehy, Caitlin; Moran, Ed; Macgowan, Alastair title: Clinical features of 95 sequential hospitalised patients with novel coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19), the first UK cohort date: 2020-04-27 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.04.020 sha: doc_id: 310001 cord_uid: qng7h5cj file: cache/cord-318126-gg68o52z.json key: cord-318126-gg68o52z authors: Zhou, Juan; Tan, Yingzheng; Li, Dan; He, Xiaojin; Yuan, Ting; Long, Yunzhu title: Observation and analysis of 26 cases of asymptomatic SARS-COV2 infection date: 2020-04-03 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.028 sha: doc_id: 318126 cord_uid: gg68o52z file: cache/cord-312984-rzryn3on.json key: cord-312984-rzryn3on authors: Pan, Daniel; Sze, Shirley; Rogers, Benedict; Bron, Jan; Bird, Paul W.; Holmes, Christopher W.; Tang, Julian W. title: Serial simultaneously self-swabbed samples from multiple sites show similarly decreasing SARS-CoV-2 loads in COVID-19 cases of differing clinical severity date: 2020-09-19 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.09.016 sha: doc_id: 312984 cord_uid: rzryn3on file: cache/cord-317846-str9i01o.json key: cord-317846-str9i01o authors: Chen, Dr. Xian; Shan, Yuheng title: Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in severe COVID-19: a retrospective study of short-term treatment efficacy and side effects date: 2020-05-15 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.020 sha: doc_id: 317846 cord_uid: str9i01o file: cache/cord-311766-m9yv4qkm.json key: cord-311766-m9yv4qkm authors: Demey, Baptiste; Daher, Nagib; François, Catherine; Lanoix, Jean-Philippe; Duverlie, Gilles; Castelain, Sandrine; Brochot, Etienne title: Dynamic profile for the detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using four immunochromatographic assays date: 2020-05-07 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.04.033 sha: doc_id: 311766 cord_uid: m9yv4qkm file: cache/cord-320826-o6ih2f23.json key: cord-320826-o6ih2f23 authors: Blairon, Laurent; Mokrane, Saphia; Wilmet, Alain; Dessilly, Géraldine; Kabamba-Mukadi, Benoît; Beukinga, Ingrid; Tré-Hardy, Marie title: Large-scale, molecular and serological SARS-CoV-2 screening of healthcare workers in a 4-site public hospital in Belgium after COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-07-31 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.07.033 sha: doc_id: 320826 cord_uid: o6ih2f23 file: cache/cord-312602-855n5av1.json key: cord-312602-855n5av1 authors: Chen, Min; Hong, Nan; Hu, Shan; Wang, Peng; Guan, HongZhi; Xiao, Meng; Zhu, Xinlin; Al-Hatmi, Abdullah M.S.; Zhou, Zhe; Gao, Lei; Boekhout, Teun; Xu, Jianping; Xu, Yingchun; Liao, Wanqing; Yang, Ying title: Molecular identification of Cryptococcus gattii from cerebrospinal fluid using single-cell sequencing: a case study date: 2020-06-23 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.040 sha: doc_id: 312602 cord_uid: 855n5av1 file: cache/cord-327246-idmo5ds7.json key: cord-327246-idmo5ds7 authors: M, Montero-Baladía; L, Buzón; I, Astigarraga; P, Delgado; E, Iglesias; F, Callejo; M, López-Veloso; J, Minguito; M, Fernández-Regueras; Ubeira M, Pharmacy; Hermida G, Hematologist title: Etoposide treatment adjunctive to immunosuppressants for critically ill COVID-19 patients: Etoposide for severe COVID-19 patients date: 2020-06-21 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.006 sha: doc_id: 327246 cord_uid: idmo5ds7 file: cache/cord-315723-unhg20e9.json key: cord-315723-unhg20e9 authors: Juan, Hui-Chun; Chao, Chien-Ming; Lai, Chih-Cheng; Tang, Hung-Jen title: Decline in invasive pneumococcal disease during COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan date: 2020-09-19 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.09.018 sha: doc_id: 315723 cord_uid: unhg20e9 file: cache/cord-321033-fusyx0t9.json key: cord-321033-fusyx0t9 authors: nan title: Follow-up study on pulmonary function and radiological changes in critically ill patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-05-27 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.040 sha: doc_id: 321033 cord_uid: fusyx0t9 file: cache/cord-328479-1tzysg7u.json key: cord-328479-1tzysg7u authors: Chen, Jianjun; Huang, Chaolin; Zhang, Yanan; Zhang, Sai; Jin, Meilin title: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2-Specific Antibodies in Pets in Wuhan, China date: 2020-06-21 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.045 sha: doc_id: 328479 cord_uid: 1tzysg7u file: cache/cord-318013-5om35tu8.json key: cord-318013-5om35tu8 authors: Marie, Tré-Hardy; Laurent, Blairon; Alain, Wilmet; Ingrid, Beukinga; Hugues, Malonne; Jean-Michel, Dogné; Jonathan, Douxfils title: The role of serology for COVID-19 control: Population, kinetics and test performance do matter date: 2020-05-15 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.019 sha: doc_id: 318013 cord_uid: 5om35tu8 file: cache/cord-322451-cwpz4akv.json key: cord-322451-cwpz4akv authors: Hsin, Dena Hsin-Chen; Macer, Darryl R.J. title: Heroes of SARS: professional roles and ethics of health care workers date: 2004-07-27 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2004.06.005 sha: doc_id: 322451 cord_uid: cwpz4akv file: cache/cord-330387-7lci44w5.json key: cord-330387-7lci44w5 authors: Bird, Paul; Badhwar, Vinay; Fallon, Karlie; Kwok, Kin On; Tang, Julian W title: High SARS-CoV-2 infection rates in respiratory staff nurses and correlation of COVID-19 symptom patterns with PCR positivity and relative viral loads date: 2020-06-18 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.035 sha: doc_id: 330387 cord_uid: 7lci44w5 file: cache/cord-328068-qoz85x3r.json key: cord-328068-qoz85x3r authors: Alanio, Alexandre title: The presence of Pneumocystis jirovecii in critically ill patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-11-04 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.10.034 sha: doc_id: 328068 cord_uid: qoz85x3r file: cache/cord-321989-1enjopig.json key: cord-321989-1enjopig authors: Li, Yanpeng; Deng, Xilong; Hu, Fengyu; Wang, Jian; Liu, Ying; Huang, Huang; Ma, Jinmin; Zhang, Jianhui; Zhang, Fuchun; Zhang, Chiyu title: Metagenomic analysis identified co-infection with human rhinovirus C and bocavirus 1 in an adult suffering from severe pneumonia date: 2017-10-31 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2017.10.012 sha: doc_id: 321989 cord_uid: 1enjopig file: cache/cord-336591-a31oe7kc.json key: cord-336591-a31oe7kc authors: Wong, Martin; Huang, Junjie; Teoh, Jeremy; Wong, Sunny title: Evaluation on different non-pharmaceutical interventions during COVID-19 pandemic: an analysis of 139 countries date: 2020-06-21 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.044 sha: doc_id: 336591 cord_uid: a31oe7kc file: cache/cord-337854-5ogip9tz.json key: cord-337854-5ogip9tz authors: Huang, Wanqiu; Lin, Dachuan; Wang, Cuini; Bao, Chaohui; Zhang, Zhaoqi; Chen, Xinchun; Zhang, Zheng; Huang, Jian title: The determination of release from isolation of COVID-19 patients requires ultra-high sensitivity nucleic acid test technology date: 2020-07-02 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.075 sha: doc_id: 337854 cord_uid: 5ogip9tz file: cache/cord-334443-3pyu8ucs.json key: cord-334443-3pyu8ucs authors: He, Yu; Wang, Zhengli; Li, Fang; Shi, Yuan title: Public health might be endangered by possible prolonged discharge of SARS-CoV-2 in stool date: 2020-03-05 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.031 sha: doc_id: 334443 cord_uid: 3pyu8ucs file: cache/cord-335355-lcrbs2op.json key: cord-335355-lcrbs2op authors: Kunutsor, Setor K.; Laukkanen, Jari A. title: Markers of liver injury and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-05-28 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.045 sha: doc_id: 335355 cord_uid: lcrbs2op file: cache/cord-322812-9u3ptqjs.json key: cord-322812-9u3ptqjs authors: Wells, Philippa M.; Doores, Katie J.; Couvreur, Simon; Nunez, Rocio Martinez; Seow, Jeffrey; Graham, Carl; Acors, Sam; Kouphou, Neophytos; Neil, Stuart J.D.; Tedder, Richard S.; Matos, Pedro M.; Poulton, Kate; Lista, Maria Jose; Dickenson, Ruth E.; Sertkaya, Helin; Maguire, Thomas J.A.; Scourfield, Edward J.; Bowyer, Ruth C.E.; Hart, Deborah; O'Bryne, Aoife; Steel, Kathyrn J.A.; Hemmings, Oliver; Rosadas, Carolina; McClure, Myra O.; Capedevilla-pujol, Joan; Wolf, Jonathan; Ourselin, Sebastien; Brown, Matthew A.; Malim, Michael H.; Spector, Tim; Steves, Claire J. title: Estimates of the rate of infection and asymptomatic COVID-19 disease in a population sample from SE England date: 2020-10-15 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.10.011 sha: doc_id: 322812 cord_uid: 9u3ptqjs file: cache/cord-332786-7b6wz6i7.json key: cord-332786-7b6wz6i7 authors: Ha, Dat P.; Van Krieken, Richard; Carlos, Anthony; Lee, Amy S. title: The stress-inducible molecular chaperone GRP78 as potential therapeutic target for Coronavirus infection date: 2020-06-12 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.017 sha: doc_id: 332786 cord_uid: 7b6wz6i7 file: cache/cord-337557-ct43uoir.json key: cord-337557-ct43uoir authors: Guetl, Katharina; Moazedi-Fuerst, Florentine; Rosskopf, Konrad; Brodmann, Marianne; Krause, Robert; Eller, Philipp; Wilhelmer, Patricia; Eisner, Florian; Sareban, Nazanin; Schlenke, Peter; Kessler, Harald H.; Steinmetz, Ivo; Redlberger-Fritz, Monika; Stiasny, Karin; Stradner, Martin title: SARS-CoV-2 positive virus culture 7 weeks after onset of COVID-19 in an immunocompromised patient suffering from X chromosome-linked agammaglobulinemia date: 2020-10-27 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.10.025 sha: doc_id: 337557 cord_uid: ct43uoir file: cache/cord-341754-rr7ei8o2.json key: cord-341754-rr7ei8o2 authors: Aitken, Tess; Chin, Ken Lee; Liew, Danny; Ofori-Asenso, Richard title: Rethinking pandemic preparation: Global Health Security Index (GHSI) is predictive of COVID-19 burden, but in the opposite direction date: 2020-05-08 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.001 sha: doc_id: 341754 cord_uid: rr7ei8o2 file: cache/cord-338333-yvm3d6xy.json key: cord-338333-yvm3d6xy authors: Tu, Danna; Shu, Junhua; Wu, Xiaoli; Li, Heng; Xia, Zhi; Zhang, Yanfang; Fang, Yaohui; Shen, Shu; Guan, Wuxiang; Wang, Hualin; Huang, Zhaoxuan; Wang, Guirong; Zhou, Xiaoqin; Deng, Fei title: Immunological detection of serum antibodies in pediatric medical workers exposed to varying levels of SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-07-25 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.07.023 sha: doc_id: 338333 cord_uid: yvm3d6xy file: cache/cord-331931-2et3gcb5.json key: cord-331931-2et3gcb5 authors: Zeng, Jie; Peng, Shengkun; Lei, Yu; Huang, Jianxin; Guo, Yang; Zhang, Xiaoqin; Huang, Xiaobo; Pu, Hong; Pan, Lingai title: Clinical and Imaging features of COVID-19 Patients: Analysis of Data from High-Altitude Areas date: 2020-04-08 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.026 sha: doc_id: 331931 cord_uid: 2et3gcb5 file: cache/cord-346967-br4kpm6i.json key: cord-346967-br4kpm6i authors: Bongiovanni, Marco; Zago, Tiziano title: Acute hepatitis caused by asymptomatic COVID-19 infection date: 2020-09-03 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.09.001 sha: doc_id: 346967 cord_uid: br4kpm6i file: cache/cord-350159-i2ig6dtr.json key: cord-350159-i2ig6dtr authors: Daunt, Anna; Perez-Guzman, Pablo N; Liew, Felicity; Hauck, Katharina; Costelloe, Ceire E; Thursz, Mark R; Cooke, Graham; Nayagam, Shevanthi title: Validity of the UK Early Access to Medicines Scheme Criteria for Remdesivir use in patients with COVID-19 disease date: 2020-06-21 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.049 sha: doc_id: 350159 cord_uid: i2ig6dtr file: cache/cord-331929-rot2vgso.json key: cord-331929-rot2vgso authors: Piaserico, Stefano; Meneguzzo, Alberto; Messina, Francesco title: REPLY TO: Interleukin-17: a potential therapeutic target in COVID-19 date: 2020-06-29 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.063 sha: doc_id: 331929 cord_uid: rot2vgso file: cache/cord-337835-78i6j11i.json key: cord-337835-78i6j11i authors: Alfaraj, Sarah H.; Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A.; Alzahrani, Nojoom A.; Altwaijri, Talal A.; Memish, Ziad A. title: The impact of co-infection of influenza A virus on the severity of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus date: 2017-02-09 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2017.02.001 sha: doc_id: 337835 cord_uid: 78i6j11i file: cache/cord-350670-qk76szs0.json key: cord-350670-qk76szs0 authors: Vrsalovic, Mislav; Presecki, Ana Vrsalovic title: Cardiac injury and mortality in COVID-19: a reappraisal date: 2020-06-30 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.068 sha: doc_id: 350670 cord_uid: qk76szs0 file: cache/cord-354612-7f91l0n9.json key: cord-354612-7f91l0n9 authors: Villar, Livia Melo; da Costa, Vanessa Duarte; Marques, Bianca Leires; da Silva, Lucas Lima; Santos, Alanna Calheiros; da Fonseca Mendonça, Ana Carolina; Marques, Vanessa Alves; do Nascimento, Giselle Prado; Lewis-Ximenez, Lia Laura; de Paula, Vanessa Salete title: USEFULNESS OF SALIVA SAMPLES FOR DETECTING SARS-CoV-2 RNA AMONG LIVER DISEASE PATIENTS date: 2020-07-23 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.07.017 sha: doc_id: 354612 cord_uid: 7f91l0n9 file: cache/cord-348129-tph0d5fl.json key: cord-348129-tph0d5fl authors: De Deyn, Michelle Lee Zhi Qing; Ng, Qin Xiang; Loke, Wayren; Yeo, Wee Song title: A tale of two cities: a comparison of Hong Kong and Singapore's early strategies for the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-06-25 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.058 sha: doc_id: 348129 cord_uid: tph0d5fl file: cache/cord-352111-frk319q1.json key: cord-352111-frk319q1 authors: Woodruff, Amelita title: COVID-19 Follow up Testing date: 2020-05-11 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.012 sha: doc_id: 352111 cord_uid: frk319q1 file: cache/cord-353608-de6rrf7v.json key: cord-353608-de6rrf7v authors: Saito, Sho; Asai, Yusuke; Matsunaga, Nobuaki; Hayakawa, Kayoko; Terada, Mari; Ohtsu, Hiroshi; Tsuzuki, Shinya; Ohmagari, Norio title: First and second COVID-19 waves in Japan: A comparison of disease severity and characteristics: Comparison of the two COVID-19 waves in Japan date: 2020-11-02 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.10.033 sha: doc_id: 353608 cord_uid: de6rrf7v file: cache/cord-347280-jpwf55l6.json key: cord-347280-jpwf55l6 authors: Skevaki, Chrysanthi; Fragkou, Paraskevi C.; Cheng, Chongsheng; Xie, Min; Renz, Harald title: Laboratory characteristics of patients infected with the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus date: 2020-06-21 journal: J Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.039 sha: doc_id: 347280 cord_uid: jpwf55l6 Reading metadata file and updating bibliogrpahics === updating bibliographic database Building study carrel named journal-jInfect-cord parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 95. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 92915 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 95. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 92102 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 92639 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 95. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 94. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 91277 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 91509 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 92538 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 92594 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 90707 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 91750 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 91739 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 90312 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 91013 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 91762 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 92173 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 92626 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 92832 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 92928 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 95. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 92775 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/cordwrd2carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 94. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 94. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 93286 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 92747 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 92932 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 93064 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 93. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. === file2bib.sh === OMP: Error #34: System unable to allocate necessary resources for OMP thread: OMP: System error #11: Resource temporarily unavailable OMP: Hint Try decreasing the value of OMP_NUM_THREADS. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: line 39: 93489 Aborted $FILE2BIB "$FILE" > "$OUTPUT" /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 95. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/cordent2carrel.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2urls.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: Resource temporarily unavailable /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/txt2adr.sh: fork: retry: No child processes === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267621-oc8bw7ft author: Kevorkian, Jean-Philippe title: Early short-course corticosteroids and furosemide combination to treat non-critically ill COVID-19 patients: An observational cohort study date: 2020-09-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267621-oc8bw7ft.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267621-oc8bw7ft.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-267621-oc8bw7ft.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276328-08ava9ni author: Kunutsor, Setor K. title: Hepatic manifestations and complications of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-06-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276328-08ava9ni.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276328-08ava9ni.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-276328-08ava9ni.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-007926-um2khqhn author: Zhang, Jiahao title: The continuous evolution and dissemination of 2019 novel human coronavirus date: 2020-02-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-007926-um2khqhn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-007926-um2khqhn.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-007926-um2khqhn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288366-xe3pxrhv author: Wellbelove, Zoe title: Comparing the 4C mortality score for COVID-19 to established scores (CURB65, CRB65, qSOFA, NEWS) for respiratory infection patients date: 2020-10-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288366-xe3pxrhv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288366-xe3pxrhv.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-288366-xe3pxrhv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266564-imj1lcy9 author: Liu, Yangli title: Clinical manifestations and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy date: 2020-03-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266564-imj1lcy9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266564-imj1lcy9.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-266564-imj1lcy9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-252980-1e28zj1d author: Zhang, Jiahao title: Insights into the cross-species evolution of 2019 novel coronavirus date: 2020-03-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-252980-1e28zj1d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-252980-1e28zj1d.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-252980-1e28zj1d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282053-ftjx29lw author: Luis García de GuadianaRomualdo title: Circulating levels of GDF-15 and calprotectin for prediction of in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients: a case series date: 2020-08-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282053-ftjx29lw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282053-ftjx29lw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-282053-ftjx29lw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-027498-cfzfgzqi author: Hattori, Takeshi title: Older age is associated with sustained detection of SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal swab samples date: 2020-06-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-027498-cfzfgzqi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-027498-cfzfgzqi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-027498-cfzfgzqi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282499-baia5prj author: Lei, Pinggui title: The evolution of CT characteristics in the patients with COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-03-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282499-baia5prj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282499-baia5prj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 11 resourceName b'cord-282499-baia5prj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283758-0z3jwwby author: Rokadiya, S. title: COVID-19: Outcomes of patients with confirmed COVID-19 re-admitted to hospital. date: 2020-07-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283758-0z3jwwby.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283758-0z3jwwby.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-283758-0z3jwwby.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256633-vls23fu5 author: Dimeglio, Chloé title: The SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence is the key factor for deconfinement in France date: 2020-04-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256633-vls23fu5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256633-vls23fu5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-256633-vls23fu5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-025481-ljs80v45 author: Hu, Jianhua title: COVID-19 patients with hypertension have more severity condition, and ACEI/ARB treatment have no infulence on the clinical severity and outcome date: 2020-05-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-025481-ljs80v45.txt cache: ./cache/cord-025481-ljs80v45.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-025481-ljs80v45.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261240-osbk041e author: Bermejo-Martin, Jesús F title: Lymphopenic community acquired pneumonia as signature of severe COVID-19 infection date: 2020-03-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261240-osbk041e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261240-osbk041e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-261240-osbk041e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280544-1rhu478r author: Korte, Wolfgang title: SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA antibody response is gender dependent; and IgG antibodies rapidly decline early on date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280544-1rhu478r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280544-1rhu478r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-280544-1rhu478r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290066-umthoftd author: Jia, Xingwang title: False Negative RT-PCR and False Positive Antibody Tests ——Concern and Solutions in the Diagnosis of COVID-19 date: 2020-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290066-umthoftd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290066-umthoftd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-290066-umthoftd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-010536-9ea7vvsz author: Chu, Yanan title: Clinical characteristics and imaging manifestations of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A multi-center study in Wenzhou city, Zhejiang, China date: 2020-04-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-010536-9ea7vvsz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-010536-9ea7vvsz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-010536-9ea7vvsz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277705-6lgt2i7f author: Luan, Junwen title: A potential inhibitory role for integrin in the receptor targeting of SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-04-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277705-6lgt2i7f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277705-6lgt2i7f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-277705-6lgt2i7f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281753-neur9nmc author: Ji, Jingjing title: Early, low-dose, short-term methylprednisolone decreased the mortality in critical COVID-19 patients: a multicenter retrospective cohort study date: 2020-11-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281753-neur9nmc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281753-neur9nmc.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-281753-neur9nmc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-278225-d0gxb6bx author: Meng, Yifan title: Value and Challenges: Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests for SARS–CoV-2 in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-278225-d0gxb6bx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-278225-d0gxb6bx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-278225-d0gxb6bx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277763-ihg3te63 author: Moynan, David title: The role of healthcare staff COVID-19 screening in infection prevention & control date: 2020-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277763-ihg3te63.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277763-ihg3te63.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-277763-ihg3te63.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260247-akujsk0s author: Hamed, Ehab title: Rates of recurrent positive SARS-CoV-2 swab results among patients attending primary care in Qatar date: 2020-11-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260247-akujsk0s.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260247-akujsk0s.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-260247-akujsk0s.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263671-2b54qfo7 author: Soriano, María Cruz title: Low incidence of co-infection, but high incidence of ICU-acquired infections in critically ill patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-09-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263671-2b54qfo7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263671-2b54qfo7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-263671-2b54qfo7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254512-dct045kl author: Chen, Libin title: Imported COVID-19 Cases Pose New Challenges for China date: 2020-04-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254512-dct045kl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254512-dct045kl.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-254512-dct045kl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276991-gv1k7u7j author: Zhang, Xu title: Strategies to trace back the origin of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276991-gv1k7u7j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276991-gv1k7u7j.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-276991-gv1k7u7j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264302-8vo5psgm author: Lu, Yue title: Social media WeChat infers the development trend of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264302-8vo5psgm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264302-8vo5psgm.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-264302-8vo5psgm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-026603-h4zy3244 author: Gallo, Oreste title: “Is really the cancer population at risk for more severe COVID-19? Some hints from the cytokine profile” date: 2020-06-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-026603-h4zy3244.txt cache: ./cache/cord-026603-h4zy3244.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-026603-h4zy3244.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284862-nhihxog0 author: Kroemer, Marie title: COVID-19 patients display distinct SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell responses according to disease severity date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284862-nhihxog0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284862-nhihxog0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-284862-nhihxog0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-010540-0zkc5w74 author: Lei, Pinggui title: Multiple parameters required for diagnosis of COVID-19 in clinical practice date: 2020-03-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-010540-0zkc5w74.txt cache: ./cache/cord-010540-0zkc5w74.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-010540-0zkc5w74.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281984-en9825p9 author: Wang, Shijie title: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio at admission is an independent risk factors for the severity and mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 date: 2020-09-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281984-en9825p9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281984-en9825p9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-281984-en9825p9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-019982-hyxrgamj author: Brookfield, D.S.K. title: Viruses demonstrated in children in Tanzania: Studies in diarrhoea and measles date: 2005-04-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-019982-hyxrgamj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-019982-hyxrgamj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-019982-hyxrgamj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-019977-kj0eaw6v author: nan title: Neonatal bacterial infection: A changing scene? date: 2005-04-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-019977-kj0eaw6v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-019977-kj0eaw6v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-019977-kj0eaw6v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-265504-yq9wsugy author: Anim, Desmond Ofosu title: Water scarcity and COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa date: 2020-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-265504-yq9wsugy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-265504-yq9wsugy.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-265504-yq9wsugy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-030594-xhp8kin0 author: nan title: Dear the Editor, date: 2020-08-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-030594-xhp8kin0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-030594-xhp8kin0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-030594-xhp8kin0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255174-h1izji2g author: Wei, Yuan-Yuan title: Risk factors for severe COVID-19: evidence from 167 hospitalized patients in Anhui, China date: 2020-04-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255174-h1izji2g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255174-h1izji2g.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-255174-h1izji2g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300038-1fjb6b8e author: Cantini, Fabrizio title: Baricitinib therapy in COVID-19: A pilot study on safety and clinical impact date: 2020-04-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300038-1fjb6b8e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300038-1fjb6b8e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-300038-1fjb6b8e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-008671-k0vda7fy author: McCormack, J.G. title: Clinical features of rotavirus gastroenteritis date: 2005-04-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-008671-k0vda7fy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-008671-k0vda7fy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-008671-k0vda7fy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-288814-1zayb21f author: Lu, Qing-Bin title: Comorbidities for fatal outcome among the COVID-19 patients: a hospital-based case-control study date: 2020-07-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-288814-1zayb21f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-288814-1zayb21f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-288814-1zayb21f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-007562-4hcs0z65 author: Bijlenga, G. title: Proposal for vaccination against SARS coronavirus using avian infectious bronchitis virus strain H from The Netherlands date: 2005-07-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-007562-4hcs0z65.txt cache: ./cache/cord-007562-4hcs0z65.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-007562-4hcs0z65.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-030636-wpjmwwpu author: nan title: Dear Editor, date: 2020-08-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-030636-wpjmwwpu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-030636-wpjmwwpu.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-030636-wpjmwwpu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264285-1sne3ng1 author: Sze, Shirley title: Letter to the Editor: Variability but not admission or trends in NEWS2 score predicts clinical outcome in elderly hospitalised patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-05-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264285-1sne3ng1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264285-1sne3ng1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-264285-1sne3ng1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287823-avi14ee5 author: Wong, Martin CS title: The potential impact of vulnerability and coping capacity on the pandemic control of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287823-avi14ee5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287823-avi14ee5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-287823-avi14ee5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260925-puuqv6zk author: Wen, Feng title: Identification of the hyper-variable genomic hotspot for the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-03-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260925-puuqv6zk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260925-puuqv6zk.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-260925-puuqv6zk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-271957-osaycpe8 author: Zuin, Marco title: Arterial hypertension and risk of death in patients with COVID-19 infection: systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-04-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-271957-osaycpe8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-271957-osaycpe8.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-271957-osaycpe8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-291181-u2t20mgi author: Chin, Ken Lee title: Early signs that COVID-19 is being contained in Australia date: 2020-05-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-291181-u2t20mgi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-291181-u2t20mgi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-291181-u2t20mgi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-261405-n05wjimk author: Lui, Grace title: Viral dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 across a spectrum of disease severity in COVID-19 date: 2020-04-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-261405-n05wjimk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-261405-n05wjimk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-261405-n05wjimk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-008676-35dgybwy author: Armero, Georgina title: Severe respiratory disease with rhinovirus detection: Role of bacteria in the most severe cases date: 2016-08-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-008676-35dgybwy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-008676-35dgybwy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-008676-35dgybwy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301744-rx7ywew5 author: Kelleni, Mina T. title: SARS CoV-2 viral load might not be the right predictor of COVID-19 mortality date: 2020-08-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301744-rx7ywew5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301744-rx7ywew5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-301744-rx7ywew5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-284853-6efhdogi author: Xie, Yun title: Effect of regular intravenous immunoglobulin therapy on prognosis of severe pneumonia in patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-04-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-284853-6efhdogi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-284853-6efhdogi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-284853-6efhdogi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287030-xzothuf7 author: Pigott, David C. title: Emergency department evaluation of the febrile traveler date: 2006-05-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287030-xzothuf7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287030-xzothuf7.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-287030-xzothuf7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-019968-o5bdb37q author: Goldwater, Paul N. title: Gastroenteritis in Auckland: An aetiological and clinical study date: 2005-04-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-019968-o5bdb37q.txt cache: ./cache/cord-019968-o5bdb37q.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-019968-o5bdb37q.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-008678-zi3aunqz author: Piñana, José Luis title: Clinical significance of Pneumocystis jirovecii DNA detection by real-time PCR in hematological patient respiratory specimens date: 2020-01-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-008678-zi3aunqz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-008678-zi3aunqz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-008678-zi3aunqz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280188-gir0y1m1 author: Wang, Yanqun title: Genetic characterization of human bocavirus among children with severe acute respiratory infection in China date: 2016-06-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280188-gir0y1m1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280188-gir0y1m1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-280188-gir0y1m1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254635-gtgahlqm author: Sun, Guanghao title: An infectious disease/fever screening radar system which stratifies higher-risk patients within ten seconds using a neural network and the fuzzy grouping method date: 2014-12-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254635-gtgahlqm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254635-gtgahlqm.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-254635-gtgahlqm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-256808-lxlerb13 author: Lim, W.S title: Hospital management of adults with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) if SARS re-emerges—updated 10 February 2004 date: 2004-06-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-256808-lxlerb13.txt cache: ./cache/cord-256808-lxlerb13.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-256808-lxlerb13.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-302855-wwg6x1df author: Ma, Jia title: Clinical characteristics and prognosis in cancer patients with COVID-19: A single center's retrospective study date: 2020-04-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-302855-wwg6x1df.txt cache: ./cache/cord-302855-wwg6x1df.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-302855-wwg6x1df.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266033-gbx48scp author: Xu, Yu-Huan title: Clinical and computed tomographic imaging features of novel coronavirus pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-02-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266033-gbx48scp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266033-gbx48scp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-266033-gbx48scp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273751-61eeykj1 author: Yang, Zhenwei title: The effect of corticosteroid treatment on patients with coronavirus infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-04-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273751-61eeykj1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273751-61eeykj1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-273751-61eeykj1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298639-v9yg80jw author: Chen, Yuxin title: High SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Prevalence among Healthcare Workers Exposed to COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298639-v9yg80jw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298639-v9yg80jw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-298639-v9yg80jw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-269389-x8i5x62v author: Gensini, Gian Franco title: The concept of quarantine in history: from plague to SARS date: 2004-04-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-269389-x8i5x62v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-269389-x8i5x62v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-269389-x8i5x62v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-286014-cc99e24x author: Jang, T.-N title: Severe acute respiratory syndrome in Taiwan: analysis of epidemiological characteristics in 29 cases date: 2003-11-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-286014-cc99e24x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-286014-cc99e24x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-286014-cc99e24x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-270258-9vgpphiu author: Ko, Jae-Hoon title: Predictive factors for pneumonia development and progression to respiratory failure in MERS-CoV infected patients date: 2016-08-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-270258-9vgpphiu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-270258-9vgpphiu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-270258-9vgpphiu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-264255-q5izs39f author: Chieochansin, Thaweesak title: Human bocavirus (HBoV) in Thailand: Clinical manifestations in a hospitalized pediatric patient and molecular virus characterization date: 2007-12-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-264255-q5izs39f.txt cache: ./cache/cord-264255-q5izs39f.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-264255-q5izs39f.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-257732-3xuy6tbn author: Azzi, Lorenzo title: Saliva is a reliable tool to detect SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-04-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-257732-3xuy6tbn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-257732-3xuy6tbn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-257732-3xuy6tbn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-254556-1zthrgy1 author: Taylor, Sylvia title: Respiratory viruses and influenza-like illness: Epidemiology and outcomes in children aged 6 months to 10 years in a multi-country population sample date: 2016-09-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-254556-1zthrgy1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-254556-1zthrgy1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 7 resourceName b'cord-254556-1zthrgy1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-008672-luoxomif author: Mwachari, C. title: Chronic diarrhoea among HIV-infected adult patients in Nairobi, Kenya date: 2004-10-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-008672-luoxomif.txt cache: ./cache/cord-008672-luoxomif.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-008672-luoxomif.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266455-rbblg4pu author: Poole, Stephen title: Rapid syndromic molecular testing in pneumonia: The current landscape and future potential date: 2019-12-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266455-rbblg4pu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266455-rbblg4pu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-266455-rbblg4pu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-265772-diahoew3 author: Zhang, Yue title: Genotype shift in human coronavirus OC43 and emergence of a novel genotype by natural recombination date: 2014-12-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-265772-diahoew3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-265772-diahoew3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 16 resourceName b'cord-265772-diahoew3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266036-qhlo99l7 author: Axell-House, Dierdre B. title: The Estimation of Diagnostic Accuracy of Tests for COVID-19: A Scoping Review date: 2020-08-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266036-qhlo99l7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266036-qhlo99l7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-266036-qhlo99l7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280350-ay4cnzn5 author: Chan, Jasper F.W. title: Broad-spectrum antivirals for the emerging Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus date: 2013-10-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280350-ay4cnzn5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280350-ay4cnzn5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-280350-ay4cnzn5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308501-z3eiac25 author: Zhu, Chengliang title: nBreastfeeding Risk from Detectable Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Breastmilk date: 2020-06-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308501-z3eiac25.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308501-z3eiac25.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-308501-z3eiac25.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318126-gg68o52z author: Zhou, Juan title: Observation and analysis of 26 cases of asymptomatic SARS-COV2 infection date: 2020-04-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318126-gg68o52z.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318126-gg68o52z.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-318126-gg68o52z.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-019964-9leljj8j author: nan title: Recent research in infectious disease date: 2005-01-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-019964-9leljj8j.txt cache: ./cache/cord-019964-9leljj8j.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-019964-9leljj8j.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304176-yloqrblw author: Tunesi, S. title: Prescribing COVID-19 treatments: what we should never forget date: 2020-05-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304176-yloqrblw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304176-yloqrblw.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-304176-yloqrblw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-008686-9ybxuy00 author: Everett, Tom title: Poor transmission of seasonal cold viruses in a British Antarctic Survey base date: 2019-03-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-008686-9ybxuy00.txt cache: ./cache/cord-008686-9ybxuy00.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-008686-9ybxuy00.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315300-v3pxb997 author: Zhang, Haipeng title: CD4+T, CD8+T counts and severe COVID-19: A meta-analysis date: 2020-06-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315300-v3pxb997.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315300-v3pxb997.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-315300-v3pxb997.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305330-mklkugj5 author: Moiseev, Sergey title: Cancer in intensive care unit patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-05-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305330-mklkugj5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305330-mklkugj5.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-305330-mklkugj5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309577-438fotfd author: Xing, Yuhan title: Dynamics of faecal SARS-CoV-2 in infected children during the convalescent phase date: 2020-04-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309577-438fotfd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309577-438fotfd.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-309577-438fotfd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316501-fl2wvhia author: Noh, Ji Yun title: Asymptomatic infection and atypical manifestations of COVID-19: comparison of viral shedding duration date: 2020-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316501-fl2wvhia.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316501-fl2wvhia.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-316501-fl2wvhia.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289364-p31gt533 author: AlFehaidi, Alanoud title: A case of SARS-CoV-2 re-infection date: 2020-10-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289364-p31gt533.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289364-p31gt533.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-289364-p31gt533.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312984-rzryn3on author: Pan, Daniel title: Serial simultaneously self-swabbed samples from multiple sites show similarly decreasing SARS-CoV-2 loads in COVID-19 cases of differing clinical severity date: 2020-09-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312984-rzryn3on.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312984-rzryn3on.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-312984-rzryn3on.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309294-ax6sr3zr author: Garrigues, Eve title: Post-discharge persistent symptoms and health-related quality of life after hospitalization for COVID-19 date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309294-ax6sr3zr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309294-ax6sr3zr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-309294-ax6sr3zr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299018-eo73yl4v author: Gandini, O. title: Serum Ferritin as an independent risk factor for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in COVID-19 Patients in Rome Italy date: 2020-09-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299018-eo73yl4v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299018-eo73yl4v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-299018-eo73yl4v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317315-yyssvbbl author: Mao, Ming-Hui title: Serial semiquantitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva samples date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317315-yyssvbbl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317315-yyssvbbl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-317315-yyssvbbl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317846-str9i01o author: Chen, Dr. Xian title: Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in severe COVID-19: a retrospective study of short-term treatment efficacy and side effects date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317846-str9i01o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317846-str9i01o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-317846-str9i01o.txt' === file2bib.sh === /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/file2bib.sh: fork: retry: No child processes id: cord-308852-qdn04pun author: Lei, Hao title: Household transmission of COVID-19-a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-08-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308852-qdn04pun.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308852-qdn04pun.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-308852-qdn04pun.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310001-qng7h5cj author: Tomlins, Jennifer title: Clinical features of 95 sequential hospitalised patients with novel coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19), the first UK cohort date: 2020-04-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310001-qng7h5cj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310001-qng7h5cj.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-310001-qng7h5cj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311853-k6efd9vg author: Lim, Rachel HF title: Decline in pneumococcal disease incidence in the time of COVID-19 in Singapore date: 2020-08-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311853-k6efd9vg.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311853-k6efd9vg.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-311853-k6efd9vg.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305462-2wz1f6k6 author: Beckham, J. David title: Respiratory viral infections in patients with chronic, obstructive pulmonary disease date: 2004-09-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305462-2wz1f6k6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305462-2wz1f6k6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-305462-2wz1f6k6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-301592-n5ns3m34 author: Ivaska, Lauri title: Aetiology of febrile pharyngitis in children: Potential of myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA) as a biomarker of viral infection date: 2017-01-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-301592-n5ns3m34.txt cache: ./cache/cord-301592-n5ns3m34.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-301592-n5ns3m34.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-290385-0smnl70i author: Chan, Jasper F.W. title: Zika fever and congenital Zika syndrome: An unexpected emerging arboviral disease date: 2016-03-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-290385-0smnl70i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-290385-0smnl70i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-290385-0smnl70i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-320826-o6ih2f23 author: Blairon, Laurent title: Large-scale, molecular and serological SARS-CoV-2 screening of healthcare workers in a 4-site public hospital in Belgium after COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-07-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-320826-o6ih2f23.txt cache: ./cache/cord-320826-o6ih2f23.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-320826-o6ih2f23.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328479-1tzysg7u author: Chen, Jianjun title: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2-Specific Antibodies in Pets in Wuhan, China date: 2020-06-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328479-1tzysg7u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328479-1tzysg7u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-328479-1tzysg7u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311766-m9yv4qkm author: Demey, Baptiste title: Dynamic profile for the detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using four immunochromatographic assays date: 2020-05-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311766-m9yv4qkm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311766-m9yv4qkm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-311766-m9yv4qkm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327246-idmo5ds7 author: M, Montero-Baladía title: Etoposide treatment adjunctive to immunosuppressants for critically ill COVID-19 patients: Etoposide for severe COVID-19 patients date: 2020-06-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327246-idmo5ds7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327246-idmo5ds7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-327246-idmo5ds7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352111-frk319q1 author: Woodruff, Amelita title: COVID-19 Follow up Testing date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352111-frk319q1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352111-frk319q1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-352111-frk319q1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337557-ct43uoir author: Guetl, Katharina title: SARS-CoV-2 positive virus culture 7 weeks after onset of COVID-19 in an immunocompromised patient suffering from X chromosome-linked agammaglobulinemia date: 2020-10-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337557-ct43uoir.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337557-ct43uoir.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-337557-ct43uoir.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354612-7f91l0n9 author: Villar, Livia Melo title: USEFULNESS OF SALIVA SAMPLES FOR DETECTING SARS-CoV-2 RNA AMONG LIVER DISEASE PATIENTS date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354612-7f91l0n9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354612-7f91l0n9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-354612-7f91l0n9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321033-fusyx0t9 author: nan title: Follow-up study on pulmonary function and radiological changes in critically ill patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-05-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321033-fusyx0t9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321033-fusyx0t9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-321033-fusyx0t9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332786-7b6wz6i7 author: Ha, Dat P. title: The stress-inducible molecular chaperone GRP78 as potential therapeutic target for Coronavirus infection date: 2020-06-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332786-7b6wz6i7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332786-7b6wz6i7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-332786-7b6wz6i7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331929-rot2vgso author: Piaserico, Stefano title: REPLY TO: Interleukin-17: a potential therapeutic target in COVID-19 date: 2020-06-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331929-rot2vgso.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331929-rot2vgso.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-331929-rot2vgso.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312602-855n5av1 author: Chen, Min title: Molecular identification of Cryptococcus gattii from cerebrospinal fluid using single-cell sequencing: a case study date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312602-855n5av1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312602-855n5av1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-312602-855n5av1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315723-unhg20e9 author: Juan, Hui-Chun title: Decline in invasive pneumococcal disease during COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan date: 2020-09-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315723-unhg20e9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315723-unhg20e9.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-315723-unhg20e9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341754-rr7ei8o2 author: Aitken, Tess title: Rethinking pandemic preparation: Global Health Security Index (GHSI) is predictive of COVID-19 burden, but in the opposite direction date: 2020-05-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341754-rr7ei8o2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341754-rr7ei8o2.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-341754-rr7ei8o2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353608-de6rrf7v author: Saito, Sho title: First and second COVID-19 waves in Japan: A comparison of disease severity and characteristics: Comparison of the two COVID-19 waves in Japan date: 2020-11-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353608-de6rrf7v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353608-de6rrf7v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-353608-de6rrf7v.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-307333-n6jc0jy3 author: Selvaggi, Carla title: Interferon lambda 1–3 expression in infants hospitalized for RSV or HRV associated bronchiolitis date: 2014-01-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-307333-n6jc0jy3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-307333-n6jc0jy3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-307333-n6jc0jy3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350670-qk76szs0 author: Vrsalovic, Mislav title: Cardiac injury and mortality in COVID-19: a reappraisal date: 2020-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350670-qk76szs0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350670-qk76szs0.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-350670-qk76szs0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-335355-lcrbs2op author: Kunutsor, Setor K. title: Markers of liver injury and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-05-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-335355-lcrbs2op.txt cache: ./cache/cord-335355-lcrbs2op.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-335355-lcrbs2op.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331931-2et3gcb5 author: Zeng, Jie title: Clinical and Imaging features of COVID-19 Patients: Analysis of Data from High-Altitude Areas date: 2020-04-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331931-2et3gcb5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331931-2et3gcb5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-331931-2et3gcb5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-330387-7lci44w5 author: Bird, Paul title: High SARS-CoV-2 infection rates in respiratory staff nurses and correlation of COVID-19 symptom patterns with PCR positivity and relative viral loads date: 2020-06-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-330387-7lci44w5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-330387-7lci44w5.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-330387-7lci44w5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-338333-yvm3d6xy author: Tu, Danna title: Immunological detection of serum antibodies in pediatric medical workers exposed to varying levels of SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-07-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-338333-yvm3d6xy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-338333-yvm3d6xy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-338333-yvm3d6xy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309476-hel3h25h author: Brown, Julianne R. title: Encephalitis diagnosis using metagenomics: application of next generation sequencing for undiagnosed cases date: 2018-01-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309476-hel3h25h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309476-hel3h25h.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-309476-hel3h25h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-328068-qoz85x3r author: Alanio, Alexandre title: The presence of Pneumocystis jirovecii in critically ill patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-11-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-328068-qoz85x3r.txt cache: ./cache/cord-328068-qoz85x3r.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-328068-qoz85x3r.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318013-5om35tu8 author: Marie, Tré-Hardy title: The role of serology for COVID-19 control: Population, kinetics and test performance do matter date: 2020-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318013-5om35tu8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318013-5om35tu8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-318013-5om35tu8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336591-a31oe7kc author: Wong, Martin title: Evaluation on different non-pharmaceutical interventions during COVID-19 pandemic: an analysis of 139 countries date: 2020-06-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336591-a31oe7kc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336591-a31oe7kc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-336591-a31oe7kc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334443-3pyu8ucs author: He, Yu title: Public health might be endangered by possible prolonged discharge of SARS-CoV-2 in stool date: 2020-03-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334443-3pyu8ucs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334443-3pyu8ucs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-334443-3pyu8ucs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346967-br4kpm6i author: Bongiovanni, Marco title: Acute hepatitis caused by asymptomatic COVID-19 infection date: 2020-09-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346967-br4kpm6i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346967-br4kpm6i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-346967-br4kpm6i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337835-78i6j11i author: Alfaraj, Sarah H. title: The impact of co-infection of influenza A virus on the severity of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus date: 2017-02-09 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337835-78i6j11i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337835-78i6j11i.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-337835-78i6j11i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-321989-1enjopig author: Li, Yanpeng title: Metagenomic analysis identified co-infection with human rhinovirus C and bocavirus 1 in an adult suffering from severe pneumonia date: 2017-10-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-321989-1enjopig.txt cache: ./cache/cord-321989-1enjopig.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-321989-1enjopig.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-337854-5ogip9tz author: Huang, Wanqiu title: The determination of release from isolation of COVID-19 patients requires ultra-high sensitivity nucleic acid test technology date: 2020-07-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-337854-5ogip9tz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-337854-5ogip9tz.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-337854-5ogip9tz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348129-tph0d5fl author: De Deyn, Michelle Lee Zhi Qing title: A tale of two cities: a comparison of Hong Kong and Singapore's early strategies for the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-06-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348129-tph0d5fl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348129-tph0d5fl.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-348129-tph0d5fl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350159-i2ig6dtr author: Daunt, Anna title: Validity of the UK Early Access to Medicines Scheme Criteria for Remdesivir use in patients with COVID-19 disease date: 2020-06-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350159-i2ig6dtr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350159-i2ig6dtr.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-350159-i2ig6dtr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322812-9u3ptqjs author: Wells, Philippa M. title: Estimates of the rate of infection and asymptomatic COVID-19 disease in a population sample from SE England date: 2020-10-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322812-9u3ptqjs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322812-9u3ptqjs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-322812-9u3ptqjs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-322451-cwpz4akv author: Hsin, Dena Hsin-Chen title: Heroes of SARS: professional roles and ethics of health care workers date: 2004-07-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-322451-cwpz4akv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-322451-cwpz4akv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-322451-cwpz4akv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347280-jpwf55l6 author: Skevaki, Chrysanthi title: Laboratory characteristics of patients infected with the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus date: 2020-06-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347280-jpwf55l6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347280-jpwf55l6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-347280-jpwf55l6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-305583-p2jp5fiq author: Lalloo, David G. title: UK malaria treatment guidelines 2016 date: 2016-02-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-305583-p2jp5fiq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-305583-p2jp5fiq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-305583-p2jp5fiq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-008695-y7il3hyb author: nan title: Pandemic Flu: Clinical management of patients with an influenza-like illness during an influenza pandemic date: 2007-01-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-008695-y7il3hyb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-008695-y7il3hyb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-008695-y7il3hyb.txt' Que is empty; done journal-jInfect-cord === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-027498-cfzfgzqi author = Hattori, Takeshi title = Older age is associated with sustained detection of SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal swab samples date = 2020-06-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 841 sentences = 49 flesch = 56 summary = Currently, the standard for diagnosis of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARSinfection is a positive result based on a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test from nasopharyngeal swab samples. Although her clinical symptoms and radiological findings resolved within a few days, PCR results from nasopharyngeal swab samples remained positive for 50 days after the onset. We specifically hypothesized that old age could be a risk for prolonged duration of positive PCR results from nasopharyngeal swab samples. In our analysis, older age is significantly associated with prolonged duration of positive PCR tests from nasopharyngeal swab samples, irrespective of the disease severity and the used of medication ( Figure 1 ). In summary, we demonstrated that old age is significantly associated with prolonged duration of positive PCR results from nasopharyngeal swab samples; this is the case regardless of disease severity. cache = ./cache/cord-027498-cfzfgzqi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-027498-cfzfgzqi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256808-lxlerb13 author = Lim, W.S title = Hospital management of adults with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) if SARS re-emerges—updated 10 February 2004 date = 2004-06-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2426 sentences = 167 flesch = 55 summary = Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) is a potentially severe and highly infectious disease to which healthcare workers involved in the management of cases are particularly vulnerable. These guidelines briefly summarise optimal and safe practice for clinicians involved in the emergency care of patients with probable or confirmed SARS. During 2003 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV) emerged as an infectious disease with a significant inhospital mortality and posed a considerable occupational risk for healthcare workers. Please discuss the classification of SARS patients with the Health Protection Agency's Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre (CDSC) Duty doctor (Tel.: 0208-200-6868) and complete a standard SARS report form and fax to your local Consultant in Communicable Disease Control (CCDC) and CDSC (details at: http://www.hpa.org.uk/infections/ topics_az/SARS/forms.htm). Inform the local Health Protection Team/CCDC regarding the hospital discharge of patients to ensure follow-up in the community. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): infection control cache = ./cache/cord-256808-lxlerb13.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256808-lxlerb13.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-008695-y7il3hyb author = nan title = Pandemic Flu: Clinical management of patients with an influenza-like illness during an influenza pandemic date = 2007-01-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 25924 sentences = 1616 flesch = 46 summary = Children may be considered at increased risk of complications if they have cough and fever (or influenza-like illness) and temperature >38.5ºC, plus either chronic co-morbid disease or one of following features: breathing difficulties severe earache vomiting >24 hours drowsiness These patients should be offered an antibiotic as well as oseltamivir (in those >1 year of age) and advice on antipyretics and fluids. Children may be considered at increased risk of complications if they have: Cough and fever (or influenza-like illness) and temperature >38.5ºC and either (i) chronic co-morbid disease (see Appendix 2) or (ii) one of the following features • Breathing difficulties • Severe earache • Vomiting > 24 hours • Drowsiness These patients should be offered an antibiotic as well as oseltamivir (in those over one year of age) and advice on antipyretics and fluids. cache = ./cache/cord-008695-y7il3hyb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-008695-y7il3hyb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-007926-um2khqhn author = Zhang, Jiahao title = The continuous evolution and dissemination of 2019 novel human coronavirus date = 2020-02-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 933 sentences = 55 flesch = 55 summary = With rapid dissemination of the 2019-nCoV, the viruses had been transmitted rapidly in more than 25 countries, and a steep increase in human infection with the 2019-nCoV occurred in China ( Fig. 1 ) . Most of the patients infected with novel 2019-nCoV had a history to the seafood and live animal markets, and the vendor used to sale wild animal species, including marmot, snake, leopard cat, bamboo rat, badger, and hedgehog in Huanan seafood wholesale market (Supplementary Figure S4 ), all of which were susceptible to the novel CoV in nature, indicating that it remains likely there was intermediate hosts in the transmission cascade from bats to humans ( Fig. 2 ) . Recently, the continuous interspecies transmission events of CoV occurred, including the emergence of MERS-CoV from camels to humans and swine acute diarrhea syndrome CoV from bat to swine, posing serious threats to public health. cache = ./cache/cord-007926-um2khqhn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-007926-um2khqhn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260247-akujsk0s author = Hamed, Ehab title = Rates of recurrent positive SARS-CoV-2 swab results among patients attending primary care in Qatar date = 2020-11-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 962 sentences = 79 flesch = 56 summary = title: Rates of recurrent positive SARS-CoV-2 swab results among patients attending primary care in Qatar The group suggested recurrent positive rt-PCR results of more than 21 days following the resolution of symptoms as criteria for reinfection. Utilising the criteria set by the COCOREC study group, this record-based study reports on the cases with recurrent positive RT-PCR nasopharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2 results in primary health care corporation (PHCC) settings in Qatar. The study population included patients attending with documented SARS-CoV-2 rt-PCR results during the study period. What are the rates of recurrent rt-PCR SARS-CoV-2 positive results of more than 21 days, and what are the population characteristics? No previous studies reported to the rates of recurrent positive rt-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 infections. Given the extensive reporting of the SARS-CoV-2 infections, the number of case reports of recurrent positive and reinfection to date is extremely low, which agrees with our findings. cache = ./cache/cord-260247-akujsk0s.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260247-akujsk0s.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-008671-k0vda7fy author = McCormack, J.G. title = Clinical features of rotavirus gastroenteritis date = 2005-04-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2571 sentences = 130 flesch = 47 summary = A history of contact with an adult with diarrheoa, vomiting occuring before diarrhoea, accompanying upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), otitis media and pyrexia and the need for administration of intravenous fluids were all significantly more prominent features of the rotavirus than the non-specific cases of gastroenteritis, and are suggested as pointers to such a diagnosis. Although an outbreak ofrotavirus gastroenteritis has been described involving adults without the known infection of children, 8 the finding of rotaviruses in adult stools has usually been acompanied by no intestinal symptoms, zl The finding in this study of a significantly higher incidence of a history of contact with an adult with gastroenteritis in the rotavirus than in the non-specific cases would suggest that adults may represent a reservoir for potential rotavirus infection in infants. The failure to find rotaviruses in the stools of any control patients with similar infections, but without diarrhoea, would support the role of the rotavirus as being responsible for the intestinal features of such illnesses. cache = ./cache/cord-008671-k0vda7fy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-008671-k0vda7fy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-010540-0zkc5w74 author = Lei, Pinggui title = Multiple parameters required for diagnosis of COVID-19 in clinical practice date = 2020-03-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 707 sentences = 52 flesch = 51 summary = We read with interest the recent papers in this Journal by Hao who described clinical features of atypical 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia with an initially negative RT-PCR assay. 3-6 Therefore, even though chest CT plays a key role in detection or diagnosis of COVID-19 infection, however, chest CT examination and RT-PCR results should be mutual verification for precise diagnosis in the patient suspected COVID-19 infection. In conclusion, even though chest CT has played a key role in detection or diagnosis of COVID-19 infection with some typical CT features while the initial RT-PCR result is negative. However, not all the cases had the initial abnormality chest CT results or positive RT-PCR in the patients with COVID-19 infection. Consequently, RT-PCR results, chest CT features, clinical manifestation, laboratory results, and exposure history should be made a comprehensive analysis to diagnose COVID-19 infection for the clinical decisions beyond clinical and radiological features. Clinical features of atypical 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia with an initially negative RT-PCR assay cache = ./cache/cord-010540-0zkc5w74.txt txt = ./txt/cord-010540-0zkc5w74.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-019964-9leljj8j author = nan title = Recent research in infectious disease date = 2005-01-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6108 sentences = 319 flesch = 47 summary = These patients had significantly longer hospital stays (mean, 27.2 versus 19.4 days) and a higher risk of having Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea (8.3% versus 1.9%), infection-related death (23.3% versus 13.6%), and all-cause mortality (30.8% versus 19.4%) than patients whose empiric therapy was appropriate. Data were available from three endocervical swabs and a urine specimen collected from each of 1,412 women and tested by three different NAATs. Results from all three assays were used equally in a rotating fashion to define the infected-patient gold standard. Multiple different infectedpatient gold standards for estimating swab and urine specimen sensitivity and specificity for one NAAT method were created by varying the number and combinations of swab and urine comparator results with two different NAATs, The effect of changing the infected-patient gold standard definition was determined by constructing receiver-operator-like curves with calculated sensitivities and specificities for each test. LOUIS (MD Consult)-Some studies suggest antiretroviral therapy is a risk factor for gynecomastia in men with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. cache = ./cache/cord-019964-9leljj8j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-019964-9leljj8j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264285-1sne3ng1 author = Sze, Shirley title = Letter to the Editor: Variability but not admission or trends in NEWS2 score predicts clinical outcome in elderly hospitalised patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-05-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1201 sentences = 83 flesch = 58 summary = title: Letter to the Editor: Variability but not admission or trends in NEWS2 score predicts clinical outcome in elderly hospitalised patients with COVID-19 (4) Compared to other early warning scores, the NEWS Score has a greater ability to discriminate patients at risk of cardiac arrest, unanticipated intensive care unit admission or death. (5) Currently, guidance from the National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) supports the use of the NEWS2 score to risk assess patients with COVID-19 in the community, who may require hospitalisation. Figure 1 shows the trend in the National Early Warning Score2 (NEWS2) throughout hospitalisation, stratified by severity of NEWS2 on admission and clinical outcome. In our small pilot of elderly patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19, admission NEWS2 scores did not seem to be useful in predicting clinical outcomes. The ability of the National Early Warning Score (NEWS) to discriminate patients at risk of early cardiac arrest, unanticipated intensive care unit admission, and death cache = ./cache/cord-264285-1sne3ng1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264285-1sne3ng1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-019977-kj0eaw6v author = nan title = Neonatal bacterial infection: A changing scene? date = 2005-04-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1331 sentences = 71 flesch = 48 summary = This time period coincided with the entry of paediatricians to newborn nurseries on a much larger scale than hitherto, with an increase in the use of antimicrobial drugs, and with the introduction of apparatus such as incubators, resuscitation and suction units, the humidification parts of which often harboured Gramnegative organisms, all capable of causing lethal disease in the infant. During the half century under review, mortality from neonatal bacteraemia fell from 9o per cent in the period I928-I933, ~ to z6 per cent in I966-I978 ;6 and the proportion of isolates recorded as recovered in the first 48 hours of life (early infections) increased from IO per cent to 57 per cent of the total respectively. 16 Clostridium difficile and its toxin may be present in the stools of many well newborn babies, but this organism has not been implicated in the genesis of neonatal necrotising enterocolitis as it has been with pseudomembranous colitis. cache = ./cache/cord-019977-kj0eaw6v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-019977-kj0eaw6v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-019968-o5bdb37q author = Goldwater, Paul N. title = Gastroenteritis in Auckland: An aetiological and clinical study date = 2005-04-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3584 sentences = 214 flesch = 51 summary = Faecal specimens from 60 patients (under six years old), most of whom were Maoris and Pacific Islanders admitted to Auckland Hospital with gastroenteritis during the months of June and July 1977, were examined for the presence of faecal viruses, bacterial pathogens and parasites. Non-agglutinable rotavirus, presumably a different serotype, was seen in both gastroenteritis and control patients. In June and July, 1977 , patients admitted to Auckland Hospital with gastroenteritis were studied to determine the relative isolation rates of (1) rotavirus, (2) other viruses identifiable by electronmicroscopy of stools, (3) enterotoxigenic Esch. Three of 18 (17 per cent) control stools contained rotavirus (one of which had non-agglutinable virus detectable on IEM). From Table III it is seen that enterotoxigenic isolates were found in both groups of gastroenteritis patients and also in non-diarrhoeal controls. Rotavirus-like particles that failed to agglutinate on IEM were seen in two gastroenteritis patients' stools and in one control patient's stool. cache = ./cache/cord-019968-o5bdb37q.txt txt = ./txt/cord-019968-o5bdb37q.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-030636-wpjmwwpu author = nan title = Dear Editor, date = 2020-08-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 994 sentences = 56 flesch = 51 summary = authors: nan Despite the observation that elderly subjects are more susceptible to severe illness, probably due to underlying co-morbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular and cerebro-vascular diseases, 1,2 literature concerning geriatric patients with COVID-19 pneumonia remained very scant. We included in this analysis 118 consecutive patients; data on clinical and demographic characteristics, blood test results and COVID-19-related treatments were collected. Elderly patients have higher levels of inflammatory blood tests at the time of admission in the emergency department; in particular, elevated d-dimer levels was an independent predictor of mortality, confirming the close correlation between this parameter and the severity of COVID-19 disease. In conclusion, our study confirms that the majority of elderly subjects with COVID-19 pneumonia have an unfavorable outcome, especially in the very first days after admission. Analysis of epidemiological and clinical features in older patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outside Wuhan cache = ./cache/cord-030636-wpjmwwpu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-030636-wpjmwwpu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-019982-hyxrgamj author = Brookfield, D.S.K. title = Viruses demonstrated in children in Tanzania: Studies in diarrhoea and measles date = 2005-04-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1906 sentences = 104 flesch = 60 summary = authors: Brookfield, D.S.K.; Cosgrove, B.P.; Bell, E.J.; Madeley, C.R. title: Viruses demonstrated in children in Tanzania: Studies in diarrhoea and measles Causes of diarrhoea with particular reference to viral agents were investigated in 123 infants and young children in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The pattern of virus infection causing infantile diarrhoea was similar in Dar es Salaam to other parts of the world. The present study attempted to investigate the viruses associated with diarrhoea in Dares Salaam and, since electron microscopy was considered essential, the study was limited to the number of stools that could be sent in one consignment by air to Scotland. Examination of stools from 26 cases of measles failed to implicate any particular virus as a likely cause of the associated diarrhoea. However the diarrhoea associated with measles in Tanzanian children does not appear to be caused by any of the electron microscopically detectable viruses. cache = ./cache/cord-019982-hyxrgamj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-019982-hyxrgamj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-010536-9ea7vvsz author = Chu, Yanan title = Clinical characteristics and imaging manifestations of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A multi-center study in Wenzhou city, Zhejiang, China date = 2020-04-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 918 sentences = 56 flesch = 52 summary = The authors performed a retrospective multi-center cohort study and presented important data regarding the observation that most patients of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) from Wenzhou city, Zhejiang, exhibited mild infection. No study to date has provided evidence that the clinical features of critically ill patients with confirmed COVID-19 from Zhejiang province. We performed a single-centered, retrospective, observational study to investigate the clinical characteristics and ventilation conditions of critically ill patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. From late January, 2020, to February 23, 2020, 33 critically ill patients in the ICU of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University who were diagnosed as COVID-19 in accordance with the diagnosis and treatment guidance published by the Chinese government were enrolled in the study2. The baseline epidemiological characteristics and clinical features of 33 studied patients as classified by with or without ECMO treatment, were shown in Table 1 . cache = ./cache/cord-010536-9ea7vvsz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-010536-9ea7vvsz.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266036-qhlo99l7 author = Axell-House, Dierdre B. title = The Estimation of Diagnostic Accuracy of Tests for COVID-19: A Scoping Review date = 2020-08-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5760 sentences = 318 flesch = 47 summary = OBJECTIVES: To assess the methodologies used in the estimation of diagnostic accuracy of SARS-CoV-2 real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) and other nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) and to evaluate the quality and reliability of the studies employing those methods. After its emergence in December 2019, the virus now known as SARS-CoV-2 was identified and sequenced in early January 2020, 1 allowing for the rapid development of diagnostic testing based on the detection of viral nucleic acid (i.e., real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction [rRT-PCR]). Articles were included if they met the following criteria on screening: 1) Peer-reviewed publication, 2) Study evaluated diagnostic test accuracy of NAAT, 3) Diagnostic test performed on ≥10 patients, 4) Diagnostic/Clinical sensitivity, specificity, other correlative statistics, or test positive rate were either identified by name or were included in the publication as a numerical value and we could reproduce the calculations. cache = ./cache/cord-266036-qhlo99l7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266036-qhlo99l7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-265504-yq9wsugy author = Anim, Desmond Ofosu title = Water scarcity and COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa date = 2020-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1145 sentences = 64 flesch = 49 summary = In this paper, we highlight the issues that characterize water services amid the COVID-19 pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and discuss avenues for improving water management during this pandemic and future infectious disease outbreaks. In response to the promotion of hand hygiene by the World Health Organization (WHO) and national public health agencies as a means to curbing the spread of COVID-19, Water Service Providers (WSP) in most developed countries have outlined drastic measures with the goal of ensuring continuous provision of essential water and sewerage services to all during this pandemic. Nevertheless, across many SSA countries where inequalities in access to safe water is pervasive [6] , there is a need to be worried in light of COVID-19 pandemic. Ensuring affordable access to safe water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services is important to address the current COVID-19 and future pandemics. cache = ./cache/cord-265504-yq9wsugy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-265504-yq9wsugy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266455-rbblg4pu author = Poole, Stephen title = Rapid syndromic molecular testing in pneumonia: The current landscape and future potential date = 2019-12-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4839 sentences = 232 flesch = 35 summary = Syndromic diagnostic testing using novel, rapid multiplexed molecular platforms represents a new opportunity for rapidly targeted antimicrobial therapy to improve patient outcomes and facilitate antibiotic stewardship. This is an FDA approved and CE marked platform that uses nested real-time PCR to detect 34 clinically important respiratory targets (15 semi-quantitative bacterial targets, 3 qualitative atypical bacterial targets, 8 [30] [31] [32] Furthermore, the pneumonia panel detects pathogens in a much higher proportion of samples than culture. Rapid syndromic molecular platforms have the potential to significantly improve the use of antibiotics and clinical outcomes in patient with pneumonia, but high quality randomised controlled trials are urgently required to evaluate their clinical impact. an observational study comparing the performance of two multiplex PCR platforms against routine microbiology for the detection of potential pathogens in patients with suspected hospital acquired/ventilator associated pneumonia (HAP/VAP) across cache = ./cache/cord-266455-rbblg4pu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266455-rbblg4pu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-257732-3xuy6tbn author = Azzi, Lorenzo title = Saliva is a reliable tool to detect SARS-CoV-2 date = 2020-04-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3510 sentences = 201 flesch = 56 summary = OBJECTIVES: This study analyzed salivary samples of COVID-19 patients and compared the results with their clinical and laboratory data. At present, Real Time reverse transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (rRT-PCR) on respiratory specimens represents the gold standard test for detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection. 10 , 11 Sputum and oropharyngeal secretions have recently been suggested as a possible target for the molecular diagnosis of COVID-19, 12 and salivary droplets represent the main source of the human-to-human transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 infection when social distance is less than 2 m. There were not significant differences regarding the clinical and anamnestic history between males and females, with the only exception of the values of serum LDH, which were higher in the female patients' haematochemical analyses carried out on the day of saliva collection ( p = 0.025). cache = ./cache/cord-257732-3xuy6tbn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-257732-3xuy6tbn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-007562-4hcs0z65 author = Bijlenga, G. title = Proposal for vaccination against SARS coronavirus using avian infectious bronchitis virus strain H from The Netherlands date = 2005-07-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1786 sentences = 105 flesch = 54 summary = title: Proposal for vaccination against SARS coronavirus using avian infectious bronchitis virus strain H from The Netherlands HBV DNA testing by NAT of all the collected units of blood should be adopted by all the blood banks, in order to possibly achieve zero risk of transfusion transmitted HBV infection and also to reduce the rejection rate of the precious units of collected blood by testing for anti HBc. The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003 has resulted in a number of infections and deaths among healthcare workers (HCWs) and those in contact with SARS-infected persons. Development and use of the H strain of avian infectious bronchitis virus from The Netherlands as a vaccine: a review Severe acute respiratory syndrome vaccine development: experiences of vaccination against avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus The carboxyl-terminal 120-residue polypeptide of infectious bronchitis virus nucleocapsid induces cytotoxic T lymphocytes and protect chickens from acute infection cache = ./cache/cord-007562-4hcs0z65.txt txt = ./txt/cord-007562-4hcs0z65.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263671-2b54qfo7 author = Soriano, María Cruz title = Low incidence of co-infection, but high incidence of ICU-acquired infections in critically ill patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-09-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 984 sentences = 58 flesch = 46 summary = title: Low incidence of co-infection, but high incidence of ICU-acquired infections in critically ill patients with COVID-19 ICU admission is a risk factor for hospital-acquired infections and nosocomial infections by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria 2, 3 . Here, we report our findings of a retrospective cohort study to asses the incidence of co-infections, ICU-acquired infections and their relation to mortality in patients with COVID-19. Frequency measurements have been calculated using the incidence rates of each ICU-acquired infections expressed in relation to the number of patients at risk or the number of days at risk. A study conducted in Wuhan, China shows a series of 150 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in whom the presence of secondary infection during hospital admission was one of the risk factors for increased mortality 5 . A recent study found that frequency of hospital-acquired superinfections remained low and this finding was mainly related with ICU admission 6 . cache = ./cache/cord-263671-2b54qfo7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263671-2b54qfo7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-261240-osbk041e author = Bermejo-Martin, Jesús F title = Lymphopenic community acquired pneumonia as signature of severe COVID-19 infection date = 2020-03-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 969 sentences = 55 flesch = 44 summary = The presence of lymphopenia as a signature of severe COVID-19 was confirmed by Wang D et al., who, in their study published in JAMA, reported that ICU patients suffering this infection had a median lymphocyte count of 800 cells/mm [3] , with non survivors exhibiting persistent lymphopenia [4] . Interestingly, hypercytokinemia and lymphopenia were also evident in critical patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome due to the Coronavirus emerged in 2003 (SARS-CoV) [5 , 6] . These features (lymphopenia + hypercytokinemia) fit the characteristics of a particular immunological phenotype of community acquired pneumonia (CAP), lymphopenic CAP (L-CAP), which, as we recently demonstrated in an article published in the Journal of Infection, is associated with increased severity, mortality and a dysregulated immunological response [7] . Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-261240-osbk041e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-261240-osbk041e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-252980-1e28zj1d author = Zhang, Jiahao title = Insights into the cross-species evolution of 2019 novel coronavirus date = 2020-03-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1045 sentences = 75 flesch = 62 summary = 5 Although humans and bats live in different environments, some wildlife species were susceptible to the novel coronaviruses in nature, highlighting that the need of tracing its origin of SARS-CoV-2 in wild animals. The similarity analysis of SARS-CoV-2 and the animal-origin coronaviruses demonstrated that recombination events were likely to occur in bat-and pangolin-origin coronaviruses (Supplementary Figure S1) . Although the S amino acid identities of pangolin-origin coronavirus exhibited lower amino acid identities with bat/RaTG13, it was noteworthy that six amino acids associated with the receptor binding preference of human receptor angiotensin converting enzyme II-464 L, 495F, 502Q, 503S, 510 N, and 514Y (SARS-CoV-2 numbering)-in the pangolin/1 coronavirus were the same as that of SARS-CoV-2 ( Fig. 2 ), but were distinct from that of the bat-origin coronaviruses. Besides, the PRRA-motif insertion was occurred in the S1/S2 junction of SARS-CoV-2; however, the PRRA-motif insertion in the pangolin-and bat-origin coronaviruses was missing (Supplementary Figure S4 ), suggesting that the convergent cross-species evolution of SARS-CoV-2-related coronaviruses. Discovery of a rich gene pool of bat SARS-related coronaviruses provides new insights into the origin of SARS coronavirus cache = ./cache/cord-252980-1e28zj1d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-252980-1e28zj1d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254556-1zthrgy1 author = Taylor, Sylvia title = Respiratory viruses and influenza-like illness: Epidemiology and outcomes in children aged 6 months to 10 years in a multi-country population sample date = 2016-09-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4550 sentences = 242 flesch = 48 summary = METHODS: The epidemiology of respiratory viruses among healthy children (6 months to <10 years) with influenza-like illness (ILI) was determined in a population sample derived from an influenza vaccine trial (NCT01051661) in 17 centers in eight countries (Australia, South East Asia and Latin America). As part of a trial of pandemic influenza vaccines, which included 1 year of prospective, active, community-based surveillance for influenza-like illness (ILI) in 17 centers in eight countries, 8 we evaluated the prevalence and incidence of respiratory viruses in children 6 months to less than 10 years of age at first vaccination. Rhinovirus/enterovirus had the highest prevalence and incidence in ILI of all respiratory viruses tested in all countries, followed by influenza, adenovirus, parainfluenza and RSV, coronavirus, hMPV and HBov. The burden of ILI associated with respiratory viruses was considerable, with a high proportion of children being seen by a medical professional and many missing school or daycare. cache = ./cache/cord-254556-1zthrgy1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254556-1zthrgy1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-030594-xhp8kin0 author = nan title = Dear the Editor, date = 2020-08-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 854 sentences = 61 flesch = 47 summary = have written to this journal regarding elevated admission levels of markers of liver injury (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin) may be associated with progression to severe disease or death in COVID-19. In critically ill patients with favorable outcome, cholinesterase, lymphocytes, albumin, and PaO 2 /FiO 2 ratio decreased but C-reactive protein increased toward the peak of inflammation. Later, C-reactive protein decreased with improvement in inflammation, but there was a tendency for cholinesterase, lymphocytes, albumin, and PaO 2 /FiO 2 ratio to increase. In contrast, in the severely ill patient who died, C-reactive protein poorly decreased, and cholinesterase, lymphocytes, albumin, and PaO 2 /FiO 2 ratio were not elevated. [4] Our study suggests that cholinesterase, which responds similar to the "negative" acute-phase proteins in response to inflammation, is reduced even in the acute phase of severe COVID-19 pneumonia. cache = ./cache/cord-030594-xhp8kin0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-030594-xhp8kin0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-256633-vls23fu5 author = Dimeglio, Chloé title = The SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence is the key factor for deconfinement in France date = 2020-04-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1336 sentences = 88 flesch = 63 summary = We have designed a model for predicting the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in France, which is based on seroprevalence and makes it possible to anticipate the deconfinement strategy. We have designed a model for predicting the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in France, which is based on seroprevalence and makes it possible to anticipate the deconfinement strategy. Our statistical model for predicting the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in France is based on a diffusion and transmission coefficient that varies with an individual's age, the likelihood of contagion, and two administration parameters (confinement and quarantine). Figures 1.b, 1 .c, 1.d, 1.e showed predictions of new cases per day depending on the SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence before and after the containment phase. Our data indicate that seroprevalence must reach approximately 50% after total deconfinement on May 11 or a gradual exit phase over several months starting on May 11 if an infection rebound is to be avoided (Figure 1 .d, 1.e and Figure 2 .b). cache = ./cache/cord-256633-vls23fu5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-256633-vls23fu5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-025481-ljs80v45 author = Hu, Jianhua title = COVID-19 patients with hypertension have more severity condition, and ACEI/ARB treatment have no infulence on the clinical severity and outcome date = 2020-05-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1016 sentences = 67 flesch = 54 summary = Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2); Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Hypertention; Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI); Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB); Outcome A number of pneumonia cases of unknown causes have emerged in Wuhan, Hubei, China since December 2019. Whether patients with hypertension who undergo angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI)/angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) therapy are more likely to suffer SARS-CoV-2 infection and whether ACEI/ARB therapy would have an influence on the clinical outcomes of patients with COVID-19 are controversy. Compared with patients without hypertension, patients with hypertension had a higher incidence of acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) (24.16% vs 6.67%, P=0.000), were more likely to use glucocorticoids (31.54% vs 12.79%, P=0.000), antibiotic (50.33% vs 39.32%, P=0.013), and intravenous immune globulin therapy (21.48% vs 6.67%, P=0.000) and more likely to need mechanical ventilation (14.77% vs 2.04%, P=0.000) and intensive care unit (ICU) admission (16.11% vs 2.31%, P=0.000), extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) (4.03% vs 0.82%, P=0.007) and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) (2.01%vs 0.14%, P=0.016) therapy. cache = ./cache/cord-025481-ljs80v45.txt txt = ./txt/cord-025481-ljs80v45.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254635-gtgahlqm author = Sun, Guanghao title = An infectious disease/fever screening radar system which stratifies higher-risk patients within ten seconds using a neural network and the fuzzy grouping method date = 2014-12-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3639 sentences = 197 flesch = 55 summary = title: An infectious disease/fever screening radar system which stratifies higher-risk patients within ten seconds using a neural network and the fuzzy grouping method METHODS: The system screens infected patients based on vital signs, i.e., respiration rate measured by a radar, heart rate by a finger-tip photo-reflector, and facial temperature by a thermography. 9 Considering the defective fever screening method, we previously developed a noncontact screening system for performing medical examinations within 10 s using measured vital signs (i.e. heart rate, respiration rate, and facial temperature). '0 Z Non-influenza', '1 Z Lower-risk influenza', or '2 Z Higher-risk influenza') are obtained by the neural network and fuzzy clustering algorithm, based on the derived multiple vital signs (Fig. 2) . 13 More importantly, the proposed optimal neural network and fuzzy clustering method were used to classify the multiple-dimensional vital-sign data to detect higher-risk influenza patients. cache = ./cache/cord-254635-gtgahlqm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254635-gtgahlqm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266033-gbx48scp author = Xu, Yu-Huan title = Clinical and computed tomographic imaging features of novel coronavirus pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 date = 2020-02-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3082 sentences = 153 flesch = 55 summary = Based on the fifth edition of the China Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment Plan of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Infection by the National Health Commission (Trial Version 5), 6 the NCP was classified into four types: mild with slight clinical symptoms but no imaging presentations of pneumonia; common with fever, respiratory symptoms and imaging presentations of pneumonia; severe type with any of the following: respiratory distress with RR > 30 times/minutes, oxygen saturation at rest < 93%, or PaO2/FiO2 < 300 mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa); critically severe type with any of the following: respiratory failure needing mechanical ventilation, shock, or combination with other organ failure needing ICU intensive care. Fifty patients with NCP caused by infection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus were enrolled and had high-resolution pulmonary CT scanning, including mild type in nine, common in 28, severe in 10 and critically severe in the rest three ( Table 1 ). cache = ./cache/cord-266033-gbx48scp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266033-gbx48scp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281984-en9825p9 author = Wang, Shijie title = Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio at admission is an independent risk factors for the severity and mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 date = 2020-09-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 715 sentences = 53 flesch = 56 summary = title: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio at admission is an independent risk factors for the severity and mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019  The level of NLR at admission could be independent risk factors for the severe disease and the mortality of COVID-19.  The level of NLR at admission could be independent risk factors for the severe disease and the mortality of COVID-19. have been published in your journal and reported that the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an independent risk factor for the mortality of the COVID-19 patients. In conclusion, we found that the level of NLR at admission could be independent risk factors for the prognosis of COVID-19, not only for the mortality but also for the disease severity. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as an independent risk factor for mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-281984-en9825p9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281984-en9825p9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282053-ftjx29lw author = Luis García de GuadianaRomualdo title = Circulating levels of GDF-15 and calprotectin for prediction of in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients: a case series date = 2020-08-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 840 sentences = 50 flesch = 48 summary = We read the recent articles by Li and colleagues and Lin and colleagues about the role of two inflammatory biomarkers, serum amyloid A 1 and ferritin 2 , in the evaluation of severity in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Higher blood levels of inflammatory biomarkers in blood, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin and D-dimer, have been reported as predictors of a poor outcome in COVID-19 patients 5 . The role of biomarkers associated to inflammation other than those above mentioned, such as calprotectin or growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), is less known. Recently, an experimental study showed a novel function of GDF-15 in the promotion of lung human rhinovirus and virus-associated inflammation, contributing to the severity of respiratory viral infection 10 . We have shown that circulating levels of two emerging inflammatory biomarkers, calprotectin and GDF-15, are significantly higher in COVID-19 patients who died, suggesting a potential role in the evaluation of prognosis in these patients. cache = ./cache/cord-282053-ftjx29lw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282053-ftjx29lw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-008678-zi3aunqz author = Piñana, José Luis title = Clinical significance of Pneumocystis jirovecii DNA detection by real-time PCR in hematological patient respiratory specimens date = 2020-01-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2051 sentences = 125 flesch = 48 summary = All specimens tested negative by direct examination for PJ, whereas 27 were positive by real-time PCR (BAL, n = 18; sputa, n = 7, and TA, n = 2); Following stringent clinical, microbiological and imaging criteria ( Table 1 ) , PJP was deemed to be the most probable diagnosis in 12 episodes occurring in unique patients. In addition to its retrospective nature, our study also has some limitations: (i) we cannot completely rule out that some patients categorized as being PJ carriers The probability of Pneumocystis jirovecii (PJ) pneumonia (PJP) for each patient was retrospectively evaluated by an expert committee including infectious diseases and microbiology specialists at both centers, on the basis of (i) documented PJ presence in respiratory specimens by microscopy; (ii) compatibility of clinical signs and symptoms (at least 2 of the following: subtle onset of progressive dyspnea, pyrexia, nonproductive cough, hypoxaemia and chest pain), (iii) compatible (suggestive) radiological findings (chest radiograph and/or high-resolution computed tomographic scan detection of interstitial opacities and/or diffuse infiltration infiltrates); (iv) complete resolution of symptoms after a full course of anti-PJP treatment; (v) absence of alternative diagnosis. cache = ./cache/cord-008678-zi3aunqz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-008678-zi3aunqz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-271957-osaycpe8 author = Zuin, Marco title = Arterial hypertension and risk of death in patients with COVID-19 infection: systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-04-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1196 sentences = 73 flesch = 46 summary = title: Arterial hypertension and risk of death in patients with COVID-19 infection: systematic review and meta-analysis Also other recent investigations have reported a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and a direct association between the severity of COVID-19 infection [2] . However, to the best of our knowledge, no previous meta-analyses have globally estimated the risk of death in hypertensive patients with COVID-19 infection. We therefore perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the risk of death in COVID-19 infection patients with and without HT. The analysis was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement (Supplementary file 1) [3] . Our brief meta-analysis demonstrated that patients with COVID-19 infection and HT have a significant high mortality risk. Prevalence of comorbidities in the novel Wuhan coronavirus (COVID-19) infection: a systematic review and metaanalysis cache = ./cache/cord-271957-osaycpe8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-271957-osaycpe8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-269389-x8i5x62v author = Gensini, Gian Franco title = The concept of quarantine in history: from plague to SARS date = 2004-04-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3195 sentences = 158 flesch = 51 summary = Measures analogous to those employed against the plague have been adopted to fight against the disease termed the Great White Plague, i.e. tuberculosis, and in recent times various countries have set up official entities for the identification and control of infections. The concept of (modern) preventive quarantine is strictly related to plague and dates back to 1377, when the Rector of the seaport of Ragusa, today called Dubrovnik (Croatia), officially issued the socalled 'trentina' (an Italian word derived from 'trenta', that is, the number 30), a 30-day isolation period. 10 More recently (2003) the proposal of the constitution of a new European monitoring, regulatory and research institution was made, since the already available system of surveillance, set up in Europe to control the onset of epidemics, came up against an enormous challenge in the global emergency of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). cache = ./cache/cord-269389-x8i5x62v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-269389-x8i5x62v.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-261405-n05wjimk author = Lui, Grace title = Viral dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 across a spectrum of disease severity in COVID-19 date = 2020-04-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1157 sentences = 81 flesch = 56 summary = reported in this journal that viral shedding of SARS-CoV-2 in nasal swabs was longer in intensive care unit (ICU) patients compared with non-ICU patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). 3 We collected serial upper (pooled nasopharyngeal and throat swabs, N=75) and lower respiratory tract samples (sputum and tracheal aspirate, N=43), peripheral blood plasma (N=50), urine (N=43) and stool (N=43) samples from all participants, and monitored SARS-CoV-2 viral loads in these samples. In all five participants with severe/critical and three with moderate disease, viral loads in respiratory tract samples continued to rise and peaked in the second week of illness (range 5.57-9.66 log copies/mL). In this study of patients with COVID-19 across a wide spectrum of severity, we observed that viral shedding in the respiratory tract lasting longer than 14 days was common. In more severe disease, viral load appeared to peak in the second week of illness in both upper and lower respiratory tract. cache = ./cache/cord-261405-n05wjimk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-261405-n05wjimk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-254512-dct045kl author = Chen, Libin title = Imported COVID-19 Cases Pose New Challenges for China date = 2020-04-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 684 sentences = 50 flesch = 71 summary = Libin Chen a,b,c,d , Juncheng Cai a,b,c,d , Qiuyan Lin a,b,c,d , Bin Xiang a,b,c,d* ,and Tao That translates to a mortality rate of 9.51%, which is more than twice as high as that For China-the initial epicenter of the outbreak-two stages of the epidemic have passed ( Figure 1A ). Therefore, the conundrum regarding the control over overseas imported cases as well as the prevention of a second epidemic outbreak that is fast approaching is a problem that China needs to pay special attention to, especially after the first second-generation case imported from abroad had appeared. However, due to the lack of attention and the spread of misinformation regarding COVID-19 in many countries, the disease has seriously threatened the whole world 4 , bringing China's epidemic to the third stage. Three stages of China's COVID-19 epidemic The first and second stages of China's COVID-19 epidemic. cache = ./cache/cord-254512-dct045kl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-254512-dct045kl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-265772-diahoew3 author = Zhang, Yue title = Genotype shift in human coronavirus OC43 and emergence of a novel genotype by natural recombination date = 2014-12-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3950 sentences = 222 flesch = 55 summary = METHODS: The full-length spike (S), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), and nucleocapsid (N) genes were amplified from each respiratory sample collected from 65 HCoV-OC43-positive patients between 2005 and 2012. In this study, we genotyped HCoV-OC43 by analyzing fulllength sequences of S, RdRp, N genes and viral genomes directly from respiratory samples collected from 65 HCoV-OC43 positive patients with acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) recruited from 2005 to 2012. The nucleotide sequence data of S, RdRp, N genes and viral genomes of HCoV-OC43 used in this study have been lodged in GenBank and the accession numbers are shown in Table S2 . To genotype the HCoV-OC43 samples, we constructed ML trees using the full-length sequences of S, RdRp and N genes amplified from the 65 respiratory samples of HCoV-OC43 positive patients in this study and compared them to those retrieved from GenBank (Fig. 1) . cache = ./cache/cord-265772-diahoew3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-265772-diahoew3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264302-8vo5psgm author = Lu, Yue title = Social media WeChat infers the development trend of COVID-19 date = 2020-04-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1088 sentences = 66 flesch = 68 summary = 5 Information and discussions on COVID-19 spread rapidly on social media, so the use of big data allows more people to pay attention to these situations earlier. Here, through the keyword query in the WeChat index, we analyzed the public attention and demand for the COVID-19 pandemic. First of all, the hottest words in the pandemic are "Wuhan", "novel coronavirus" and "pneumonia" ( Fig. 1 A) . Thus, during the period from the end of January to the beginning of February, the public attention focused on those words. Through analysis of public concerns, we review the development trend of COVID-19, which will set up an example for future outbreaks of epidemic diseases. It is believed that public health authorities will rely more on these social medias in the future for monitoring the development of the epidemic or pandemic. Retrospective analysis of the possibility of predicting the COVID-19 outbreak from internet searches and social media data, China cache = ./cache/cord-264302-8vo5psgm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264302-8vo5psgm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-264255-q5izs39f author = Chieochansin, Thaweesak title = Human bocavirus (HBoV) in Thailand: Clinical manifestations in a hospitalized pediatric patient and molecular virus characterization date = 2007-12-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2677 sentences = 175 flesch = 51 summary = title: Human bocavirus (HBoV) in Thailand: Clinical manifestations in a hospitalized pediatric patient and molecular virus characterization OBJECTIVE: Human bocavirus (HBoV), a novel virus, which based on molecular analysis has been associated with respiratory tract diseases in infants and children have recently been studied worldwide. METHODS: HBoV was detected from 302 nasopharyngeal (NP) suctions of pediatric patients with acute lower respiratory tract illness and sequenced applying molecular techniques. CONCLUSION: Our results indicated that HBoV can be detected in nasopharyngeal aspirate specimens from infants and children with acute lower respiratory tract illness. Therefore, in the present study we applied polymerase chain reaction to detect HBoV from NP suctions collected from infants or children who had been admitted with respiratory tract illness. Detection of human bocavirus in Japanese children with lower respiratory tract infection Human bocavirus DNA detected by quantitative real-time PCR in two children hospitalized for lower respiratory tract infection cache = ./cache/cord-264255-q5izs39f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-264255-q5izs39f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273751-61eeykj1 author = Yang, Zhenwei title = The effect of corticosteroid treatment on patients with coronavirus infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-04-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3003 sentences = 204 flesch = 52 summary = title: The effect of corticosteroid treatment on patients with coronavirus infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis The inclusion criteria in this meta-analysis were as follows: (1) subjects in each study were patients with coronavirus infection; (2) the patients were divided into the experimental group using corticosteroids and the control group not using corticosteroids; (3) the outcomes included the use of corticosteroids in critical and noncritical patients, mortality, length of stay (LOS) and adverse reactions to corticosteroids. We extracted the following variables: the authors, the publication year, the study design, viral type, population, treatment details (including corticosteroid use, types and doses of corticosteroids, and other treatments), and outcome measures such as the use of corticosteroids in critical and non-critical patients, mortality, LOS and adverse reactions to corticosteroids (including bacterial infection, hyperglycemia, hypocalcemia and hypokalemia). In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the result indicated that patients with severe conditions were more likely to require corticosteroids therapy. cache = ./cache/cord-273751-61eeykj1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273751-61eeykj1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-270258-9vgpphiu author = Ko, Jae-Hoon title = Predictive factors for pneumonia development and progression to respiratory failure in MERS-CoV infected patients date = 2016-08-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3460 sentences = 171 flesch = 43 summary = To identify factors which can predict pneumonia development and progression to respiratory failure at the early course of the disease, we evaluated MERS-CoV infected patients managed in a tertiary care center during the 2015 MERS outbreak in Korea. To identify factors which can predict pneumonia development and progression to respiratory failure at the early course of the disease, we reviewed the electronic medical records of who were diagnosed with MERS-CoV infection and admitted at Samsung Medical Center, a 1950 tertiary care university hospital which managed the largest number of MERS-CoV infected patients as a single center during the 2015 Korean MERS outbreak. The present analysis of predictive factors for pneumonia development and progression to respiratory failure using variables obtained by day 3 of symptom onset could be conducted owing to the observation of entire clinical course of the disease from the exposure to MERS-CoV. cache = ./cache/cord-270258-9vgpphiu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-270258-9vgpphiu.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276328-08ava9ni author = Kunutsor, Setor K. title = Hepatic manifestations and complications of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-06-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 460 sentences = 35 flesch = 47 summary = title: Hepatic manifestations and complications of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis (1, 2) In addition to the observation that older patients, males and those with pre-existing comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic kidney disease and chronic liver disease are at highest risk for severe illness or death, (3, 4) COVID-19 complications have been shown to correlate with the disease severity or mortality. Renal complications in COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis Cardiovascular complications in COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis Markers of liver injury and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis Cardiovascular Implications of Fatal Outcomes of Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Comorbid Chronic Diseases and Acute Organ Injuries Are Strongly Correlated with Disease Severity and Mortality among COVID-19 Patients: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis. Longitudinal association between markers of liver injury and mortality in COVID-19 in China cache = ./cache/cord-276328-08ava9ni.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276328-08ava9ni.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255174-h1izji2g author = Wei, Yuan-Yuan title = Risk factors for severe COVID-19: evidence from 167 hospitalized patients in Anhui, China date = 2020-04-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 951 sentences = 60 flesch = 56 summary = It is very important to analyse the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in international regions and identify risk factors to reduce the incidence of severe and critical illness in the early stage. In this letter, we present discrepancies of patients with different disease severities and risk factors for severe COVID-19 by comparing and analysing epidemiological and clinical data of 167 confirmed patients in Anhui, China. There are still no specific therapies for COVID-19(1); nevertheless, assessing risk factors and symptomatic treatment in the early stage of the disease can improve the prognosis. The similarities and differences between severe and non-severe patients in this letter suggested that elderly patients with multiple comorbidities, hypoxia, decreased CD4 and CD8 cell counts and increased levels of CRP and IL-6 are all closely associated with disease severity and prognosis, which should be assessed seriously during diagnosis and treatment. MDT consultation and artificial liver therapy are very effective methods for severe patients with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-255174-h1izji2g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255174-h1izji2g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282499-baia5prj author = Lei, Pinggui title = The evolution of CT characteristics in the patients with COVID-19 pneumonia date = 2020-03-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 440 sentences = 35 flesch = 50 summary = Actually, the CT features are various at different stages in the patients with COVID-19 infection. Recently, the studies demonstrated that the CT findings were typical signs for diagnosis at different stages of COVID-19 pneumonia. 3 , 4 Particularly, ground glass opacities (GGO) and consolidation were the principal manifestation in the CT images (CT scans before onset of symptoms or CT scans done ≤ 1 week after symptom onset), and GGO was decreased with increasing the stages of COVID-19 pneumonia. 4 Therefore, knowing the corresponding CT feature of COVID-19 pneumonia at different stages, which could be helpful to precisely diagnose and understand CT characteristics of the novel coronavirus pneumonia beyond the radiological findings itself. Clinical and computed tomographic imaging features of novel coronavirus pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 Clinical characteristics and imaging manifestations of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19):a multi-center study in Wenzhou city Radiological findings from 81 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study cache = ./cache/cord-282499-baia5prj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282499-baia5prj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276991-gv1k7u7j author = Zhang, Xu title = Strategies to trace back the origin of COVID-19 date = 2020-04-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 745 sentences = 49 flesch = 58 summary = The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the SARS-CoV-2, had raised great concern. Chinese authorities originally announced that the first infection case was reported on December 31, 2019, and many of the initial cases were linked directly to Huanan seafood market in Wuhan, in the Hubei province. The hypothesis that the outbreak originated at the market, with its initial transmission from live animals to human beings followed by rapid human-to-human transmission, is suggested to be most likely and convincing. Emergence of SARS-like coronavirus poses new challenge in China Novel coronavirus disease (Covid-19): the first two patients in the UK with person to person transmission Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China Emergence of SARS-like coronavirus in china: an update cache = ./cache/cord-276991-gv1k7u7j.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276991-gv1k7u7j.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-026603-h4zy3244 author = Gallo, Oreste title = “Is really the cancer population at risk for more severe COVID-19? Some hints from the cytokine profile” date = 2020-06-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 960 sentences = 58 flesch = 48 summary = [1] The official death toll of the COVID-19 pandemic has reached, as of May 27th, 350 000 and it is now recognised that severe outcomes of this infection are associated to a complex dysregulated immune response to SARS-CoV-2 which clinically translates into acute respiratory distress syndrome, the cytokine release syndrome, the secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, and the disseminated intravascular coagulation. [5] On the contrary, other authors have subsequently suggested that cancer patients, because of their impaired immune system due to the tumour itself and its therapies, are expected to have a reduced systemic inflammatory response to the virus and, thus, non-inferior mortality rates. [8] Overall, our findings seem to confirm the role of age as one of the strongest prognostic factors; in addition, we suggest that cancer patients are not necessarily at higher risk for COVID-19 associated death because their impaired immune responsiveness might act as a protective factor from the cytokine storm. cache = ./cache/cord-026603-h4zy3244.txt txt = ./txt/cord-026603-h4zy3244.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280350-ay4cnzn5 author = Chan, Jasper F.W. title = Broad-spectrum antivirals for the emerging Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus date = 2013-10-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5156 sentences = 259 flesch = 45 summary = We then assessed the anti-MERS-CoV activities of the identified compounds and of interferons, nelfinavir, and lopinavir because of their reported anti-coronavirus activities in terms of cytopathic effect inhibition, viral yield reduction, and plaque reduction assays in Biosafety Level-3 laboratory. Given the limited time available to develop novel anti-MERS-CoV agents in this evolving epidemic, we attempted to provide an alternative solution by identifying potential broad-spectrum antiviral agents against MERS-CoV and influenza A viruses by a small compound-based forward chemical genetics approach using chemical libraries consisting of 1280 drug compounds already marketed or having reached clinical trials in the United States, Europe, or Asia (Microsource Discovery Systems, USA). 25 We then assessed the anti-MERS-CoV activities of the identified drug compounds in cell culture by cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition, viral yield reduction, and plaque reduction assay (PRA) assays, as well as drug cytotoxicity. cache = ./cache/cord-280350-ay4cnzn5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280350-ay4cnzn5.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287823-avi14ee5 author = Wong, Martin CS title = The potential impact of vulnerability and coping capacity on the pandemic control of COVID-19 date = 2020-05-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1051 sentences = 63 flesch = 44 summary =  We examined if these dimensions were associated with COVID-19 pandemic control  Higher vulnerability and poorer coping capacity were associated with poorer control  Modifying these two dimensions might potentially mitigate COVID-19 pandemic control Dear Editor, Worldwide, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has induced a substantial global burden. On the contrary, a recent study published in the Journal of Infection examined the association between country-specific global health security index (GHSI) and the burden of COVID-19, but the findings showed that countries with higher GHSI did not have higher COVID-19 rate and had greater number of COVID-19 cases and deaths. We aimed to evaluate if countries with lower vulnerability and higher coping capacity were associated with better control of the COVID-19 pandemic, as measured by incidence and mortality outcomes. From multivariate regression analysis ( Table 1) , countries with higher vulnerability were significantly associated with higher maximum 14-day cumulative incidence since the first case ( coefficient Our findings imply that reducing vulnerability and enhancing capacity to cope could potentially mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic. cache = ./cache/cord-287823-avi14ee5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287823-avi14ee5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277763-ihg3te63 author = Moynan, David title = The role of healthcare staff COVID-19 screening in infection prevention & control date = 2020-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 654 sentences = 51 flesch = 51 summary = While HCW can acquire infections and contribute to cross-transmission during hospital outbreaks such as influenza or norovirus, asymptomatic staff are usually not routinely screened as part of the outbreak control measures. In March and April 2020, on three wards with two or more positive COVID-19 patients after three days of admission (designated as potential nosocomial infection), we implemented universal staff SARS-CoV-2 testing on that ward as part of outbreak management. As asymptomatic (or indeed, pre-symptomatic) HCW may have similar viral loads and may be capable of transmission as much as symptomatic individuals 9 , their detection and subsequent exclusion from work is an important aspect of a hospital's COVID-19 strategy. In conclusion, as hospitals begin to reopen to routine non-COVID-19 services, HCW SARS-CoV-2 testing irrespective of symptoms should be considered, particularly as part of outbreak management to rapidly prevent onward transmission to patients and other staff. COVID-19: PCR Screening of Asymptomatic Health-Care Workers at London Hospital cache = ./cache/cord-277763-ihg3te63.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277763-ihg3te63.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288366-xe3pxrhv author = Wellbelove, Zoe title = Comparing the 4C mortality score for COVID-19 to established scores (CURB65, CRB65, qSOFA, NEWS) for respiratory infection patients date = 2020-10-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 680 sentences = 38 flesch = 46 summary = title: Comparing the 4C mortality score for COVID-19 to established scores (CURB65, CRB65, qSOFA, NEWS) for respiratory infection patients Comparing the 4C mortality score for COVID-19 to established scores (CURB65, CRB65, qSOFA, NEWS) for respiratory infection patients We compared the newly validated 4C mortality score to the established CURB65, CRB65 and qSOFA scores in the prediction of 30-day mortality in a variety of existing respiratory infection cohorts in an exploratory analysis. Data from various previous studies performed in Dundee 3 , Hull 4 and South Yorkshire 5 of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), and influenza (flu), respectively, plus a COVID-19 cohort (local ISARIC study patients 2 ) were analysed. The 4C mortality score had the greatest AUROC in COVID 19, CAP and IPD patients (0.83, 0.78 and 0.74, respectively) and had a similar AUROC, compared to the other scores (except NEWS, which was not calculable), in the influenza cohort (0.88). cache = ./cache/cord-288366-xe3pxrhv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288366-xe3pxrhv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280544-1rhu478r author = Korte, Wolfgang title = SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA antibody response is gender dependent; and IgG antibodies rapidly decline early on date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 822 sentences = 50 flesch = 55 summary = title: SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA antibody response is gender dependent; and IgG antibodies rapidly decline early on antibodies rapidly decline early on 1, 3 Wolfgang Korte*, 2,3 Marija Buljan, 2,3 Matthias Rösslein, 2,3 Peter Wick, 1 Valentina Golubov, 1 Jana Jentsch, 1 Michael Reut, 3, 4 Karen Peier, 3 Brigitte Nohynek, 3 Aldo Fischer, 3 Raphael Stolz, 3 This cohort study included patients with a history of a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test. Results of the antibody course in 159 participants (52·2% females, 47·8% males), effectively spanning the time frame of two to ten weeks after a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test, are provided. The decline is statistically significant for anti-SP and anti-NC IgG at weeks 8-10 ( Figure 1) ; this is remarkable, as a continued IgG response for more than 34 weeks was seen with the SARS-CoV(-1) outbreak 6 . Profile of IgG and IgM antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) cache = ./cache/cord-280544-1rhu478r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280544-1rhu478r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267621-oc8bw7ft author = Kevorkian, Jean-Philippe title = Early short-course corticosteroids and furosemide combination to treat non-critically ill COVID-19 patients: An observational cohort study date = 2020-09-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1196 sentences = 82 flesch = 37 summary = title: Early short-course corticosteroids and furosemide combination to treat non-critically ill COVID-19 patients: An observational cohort study 5 Therefore, to address the effectiveness of early short-course corticosteroid/furosemide treatment in the non-critically ill COVID-19 patient, we designed a retrospective observational cohort study. In the corticosteroid/furosemide treatment group, incidence of invasive MV or death given once daily for up to ten days reduced 28-day mortality by one-third among mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients and by one-fifth among patients treated with oxygen, while no benefit was observed in patients not receiving respiratory support at randomization. To conclude, our data provides evidence that early short-course of corticosteroids combined to furosemide reduces the risk of invasive MV requirement or 28-day mortality in the non-critically ill COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-267621-oc8bw7ft.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267621-oc8bw7ft.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280188-gir0y1m1 author = Wang, Yanqun title = Genetic characterization of human bocavirus among children with severe acute respiratory infection in China date = 2016-06-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3022 sentences = 170 flesch = 51 summary = title: Genetic characterization of human bocavirus among children with severe acute respiratory infection in China OBJECTIVES: To investigate the genetic character of Human bocavirus (HBoV) among children with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) in China. The nucleotide deletions and substitutions occurred in NP1 and VP1 represented novel molecular signatures enabling subtype differentiation between HBoVs. CONCLUSIONS: We described some new characteristics in the epidemiology of HBoV among children with SARI, these data will significantly expand the current knowledge of HBoV epidemic and genomic characterization among children with SARI. Through high-throughput sequencing, four complete genomes of HBoV were obtained (KM464728, KM464729, Figure 1 Phylogenetic analysis of HBoV detected among Children with SARI. However, the infection rates of HBoV among hospitalized children with SARI in three different regions were almost consistent (21.6%, 22.5% and 17.7%). Surveillance and genome analysis of human bocavirus in patients with respiratory infection in cache = ./cache/cord-280188-gir0y1m1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280188-gir0y1m1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-286014-cc99e24x author = Jang, T.-N title = Severe acute respiratory syndrome in Taiwan: analysis of epidemiological characteristics in 29 cases date = 2003-11-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3025 sentences = 201 flesch = 56 summary = To describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The first probable SARS patient in Taiwan returned from China via Hong Kong early in the global outbreak in February 2003. 7 We analyse the clinical, laboratory, and radiological features of patients with probable SARS who were seen at the Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital (SKMH) in Taipei, Taiwan. 16 In our study, SARS-associated coronavirus RNA was detected in oropharyngeal swabs by RT-PCR in 16 (55.1%) of 29 patients at initial presentation. Case definitions for surveillance of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) A cluster of cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong Severe acute respiratory syndrome in Singapore: clinical features of index patient and initial contacts Description and clinical treatment of an early outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Guangzhou, PR China cache = ./cache/cord-286014-cc99e24x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-286014-cc99e24x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-008686-9ybxuy00 author = Everett, Tom title = Poor transmission of seasonal cold viruses in a British Antarctic Survey base date = 2019-03-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6924 sentences = 362 flesch = 54 summary = However, in the acute infection stage respiratory viruses are generally present in relatively high copy numbers, with median values of mostly 4-8 log 10 (i.e. 10,0 0 0-10 0,0 0 0,0 0 0 copies/ml) for adeno-, corona-, hMPV, influenza, PIV and RSV, as reported in one comprehensive paediatric study. 2 A 26-year-old male ( index case of the outbreak report 2 ) from Kerala's Perambra town died undiagnosed with fever, en-cephalitis and respiratory distress in Government Medical College Kozhikode(GMCK), after being transferred from Taluk Hospital, Perambra(THP). 6 Along with the wound cleansing and post-exposure rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) and vaccination, any risk of SHBV requires that high dose acyclovir (preferably valaciclovir 1 g TDS PO; or acyclovir 800 mg 5 times daily PO, for adults) PEP for at least 14 days should be considered. After the first dengue-fever epidemic in China, which occurred in May 1978 in Foshan, Guangdong Province, there have been regional outbreaks of dengue every year and the number of cases has increased. cache = ./cache/cord-008686-9ybxuy00.txt txt = ./txt/cord-008686-9ybxuy00.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260925-puuqv6zk author = Wen, Feng title = Identification of the hyper-variable genomic hotspot for the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 date = 2020-03-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1171 sentences = 70 flesch = 56 summary = title: Identification of the hyper-variable genomic hotspot for the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 The sequences NC_004718.3 of SARS coronavirus 6 genes were utilized to define the protein products of SARS-CoV-2. First, the protein sequences of SARS-CoV-2 were compared with RaTG13, human SARS (NC_004718.3), bat SARS (DQ022305.2), and human MERS (NC_019843.3) by calculating the similarity in a given sliding window ( Fig. 1 A) . These results suggested that there had probably been no hyper-variable genomic hotspot in the SARS-CoV-2 population until now. The hyper-variable genomic hotspot has been established in the SARS-CoV-2 population at the nucleotide but not the amino acid level, suggesting that there have been no beneficial mutations. mutations in nsp1, nsp3, nsp15, and gene S that identified in this study would be associated with the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic and was worthy of further study. The genome sequence of the SARS-associated coronavirus cache = ./cache/cord-260925-puuqv6zk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260925-puuqv6zk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-288814-1zayb21f author = Lu, Qing-Bin title = Comorbidities for fatal outcome among the COVID-19 patients: a hospital-based case-control study date = 2020-07-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1382 sentences = 72 flesch = 48 summary = Here by performing a retrospective multi-center study, we try to evaluate the adjusted effect of the common preexisting comorbidities on COVID-19 related death, based on which, the therapy effect of three widely used anti-hypertension drugs were assessed. By multivariate logistic regression model adjusting age, sex, and delay from symptom onset to hospital admission, six comorbidities showed significant association with the disease outcome, with malignancy exhibiting the highest risk of death, followed by CKD, CVD, hypertension, CHD, and DM ( Figure 1A and Table S2 ). DM was found to be a strong risk factor for adverse outcome, with its risky effect also observed in those aged 60~70 years, which was reported for the two earlier CoV infections, severe acute respiratory syndrome (7) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (8) . We provided evidence 5 that CCB drugs offered beneficial effect of reducing risk for fatal outcome in hypertension-COVID-19 patients, mostly mediated through enhancing the recovery of abnormal parameters and reducing host inflammatory response that had been proven to aggravate the disease severity. cache = ./cache/cord-288814-1zayb21f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-288814-1zayb21f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277705-6lgt2i7f author = Luan, Junwen title = A potential inhibitory role for integrin in the receptor targeting of SARS-CoV-2 date = 2020-04-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1149 sentences = 89 flesch = 64 summary = An RGD motif (403-405) was identified in SARS-CoV-2 S protein ( Figure 1A ). These results suggested that RGD/KGD integrin-binding motif is conserved in several coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV. To investigate whether RGD/KGD motif in S proteins from SARS-CoV-2 We identified a KGD motif in 353-355 of ACE2 (BAB40370.1), which is a key region for binding S protein ( Figure 1F ). Integrin associates with ACE2 through its KGD motif including K353, which is one of key AAs for S protein recognition. Integrin associates with S protein by its RGD/KGD motif, which would shield the space of RBM for contacting with ACE2. Because RGD recognized a broader spectrum of integrins than KGD, more integrins could block receptor binding of SARS-CoV-2 S than that of SARS-CoV S. In conclusion, we identified an RGD/KGD integrin-binding motif in S proteins from SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV. cache = ./cache/cord-277705-6lgt2i7f.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277705-6lgt2i7f.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287030-xzothuf7 author = Pigott, David C. title = Emergency department evaluation of the febrile traveler date = 2006-05-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2182 sentences = 105 flesch = 41 summary = While the presentation of a patient with undifferentiated febrile illness to the emergency department is rarely a cause for alarm, the additional factor of recent international travel suggests a host of unusual pathogens, some with the potential for rapid and devastating transmission among both patients and health care workers. 1,2 A prospective review of 195 febrile patients requiring admission after returning to the United Kingdom from the tropics found that while malaria (42%) was the most common cause for hospital admission, non-specific viral illness and bacterial infections (including urinary tract infection, community-acquired pneumonia and pharyngitis) accounted for 34% of patients. Expanding this methodology to account for other potential infectious agents that may present to a given hospital or emergency department can provide some guidance for clinicians who may encounter febrile patients who have recently returned from any geographic region, unwittingly harboring undiagnosed viral, bacterial or parasitic infection. cache = ./cache/cord-287030-xzothuf7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287030-xzothuf7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-008672-luoxomif author = Mwachari, C. title = Chronic diarrhoea among HIV-infected adult patients in Nairobi, Kenya date = 2004-10-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3175 sentences = 194 flesch = 49 summary = We undertook a prospective cross-sectional study of adult patients admitted to a government hospital in Nairobi, Kenya, to determine possible bacterial, mycobacterial, parasitic and viral causes of diarrhoca; to consider which may be treatable; and to relate microbiological findings to clinical outcome. METHODS: Stool specimens from 75 consecutive HIV-seropositive patients with chronic diarrhoca admitted to a Nairobi hospital were subjected to microbiological investigation and results were compared with clinical findings and outcome. CONCLUSIONS: HIV-infected patients with chronic diarrhoea in Nairobi have a poor outcome overall, and even with extensive investigation a putative pathogen was identified in only just over half the patients. We undertook a 4-month study in Nairobi, Kenya, to determine possible bacterial, viral and parasitological causes of chronic diarrhoea and wasting using a broad range of investigations and related findings to patient outcome. cache = ./cache/cord-008672-luoxomif.txt txt = ./txt/cord-008672-luoxomif.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283758-0z3jwwby author = Rokadiya, S. title = COVID-19: Outcomes of patients with confirmed COVID-19 re-admitted to hospital. date = 2020-07-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 973 sentences = 52 flesch = 52 summary = We aimed to investigate clinical outcomes of patients with confirmed COVID-19 who were readmitted to hospital, in order to identify risk factors for patients discharged and subsequent management of COVID-19 in clinical practice. In the re-admission group, the average time before being re-admitted to hospital was 10 days (IQR 6 -15), with dyspnoea the presenting complaint in 13/25 (52%). As far as we are aware, this is the first study looking at clinical outcomes for patients with COVID-19 who were readmitted to hospital. However, the high mortality rate (24%), and the median and prevalence of low SpO2 results in patients re-admitted is concerning and warrants further studies to evaluate reasons for re-admission, ensuring appropriate safety-netting when discharged. Based on our data on the average time before re-presentation at 10 days, enhanced, personalised follow up at 7 days in a formalised COVID-19 clinic with radiological imaging and oxygen saturation recording using pulse oximetry probes may help early identification of those at risk of deterioration, thus preventing re-admission. cache = ./cache/cord-283758-0z3jwwby.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283758-0z3jwwby.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-008676-35dgybwy author = Armero, Georgina title = Severe respiratory disease with rhinovirus detection: Role of bacteria in the most severe cases date = 2016-08-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1439 sentences = 87 flesch = 50 summary = We read with interest a recent paper in this Journal about how the nasopharyngeal bacterial burden may influence in the severity in infants with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis. 1 We performed a study which aim was to analyze the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of patients with severe lower-respiratory-tract infection (LRTI) with Rhinovirus (RV) detection in comparison to the patients without RV detection in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), and the role of viral and/or bacterial codetections as risk factors of severity. 3, 5 No differences in severity (requirements of ventilatory support, length of ventilatory support and PICU stay) were found between patients infected with RV and patients with other viral detections. 1 We feel that bacterial carriage in children with virus infection influences either in predisposing to bacterial pneumonia more easily (but 2 of 9 patients in our study do not fulfilled this criteria) or to suffer a greater airway inflammation such as Yu et al. cache = ./cache/cord-008676-35dgybwy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-008676-35dgybwy.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266564-imj1lcy9 author = Liu, Yangli title = Clinical manifestations and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy date = 2020-03-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 698 sentences = 47 flesch = 52 summary = Given the maternal physiologic and immune function changes in pregnancy [2] , pregnant individuals might face greater risk of getting infected by SARS-CoV-2 and might have more complicated clinical events. We described epidemiological, clinical characteristics, pregnancy and perinatal outcomes of all hospitalized pregnant patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in China. We identified all hospitalized pregnant patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between December 8, 2019, and February 25, 2020 officially reported by the central government, in areas outside Wuhan, China. We reported 13 pregnant COVID-19 patients in China, indicating pregnant women also susceptible to SARS-CoV-2. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-266564-imj1lcy9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266564-imj1lcy9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300038-1fjb6b8e author = Cantini, Fabrizio title = Baricitinib therapy in COVID-19: A pilot study on safety and clinical impact date = 2020-04-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1261 sentences = 81 flesch = 48 summary = According to a recent report 3 , COVID-19, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, is characterized by three clinical patterns: no symptoms, mild to moderate disease, severe pneumonia requiring admission to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in up to 31% of the patients 3 . On this basis, we assessed the safety of baricitinib therapy combined with lopinavir-ritonavir in moderate COVID-19 pneumonia patients and we evaluated its clinical impact. All consecutive hospitalized patients (March 16 th -30 th ) with moderate COVID-19 pneumonia, older than 18 years, were treated for 2 weeks with baricitinib tablets 4 mg/day added to ritonavirlopinavir therapy. The last consecutive patients with moderate COVID-19 pneumonia receiving standard of care therapy (lopinavir/ritonavir tablets 250 mg/bid and hydroxychloroquine 400 mg/day/orally for 2 weeks) admitted before the date of the first baricitinib-treated patient served as controls. These preliminary results on 12 patients with moderate COVID-19 pneumonia confirmed the safety of baricitinib therapy in a clinical context different from RA 7 . cache = ./cache/cord-300038-1fjb6b8e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300038-1fjb6b8e.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-278225-d0gxb6bx author = Meng, Yifan title = Value and Challenges: Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests for SARS–CoV-2 in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients date = 2020-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 900 sentences = 68 flesch = 56 summary = title: Value and Challenges: Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests for SARS–CoV-2 in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients It has been emphasized that diagnostic testing for SARS-CoV-2 was an especially important tool in the diagnosis and management of patients with COVID-19. All patients included in the present study were verified as positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). At present clinical practice, patients with improved respiratory symptoms, improved pulmonary imaging, and nucleic acid tests negative twice consecutively (sampling interval ≥ 24 hours) can be discharged. reported that potential false-negative nucleic acid testing results for SARS-CoV-2 could be caused by thermal inactivation of samples with low viral loads. Value of Diagnostic Testing for SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 Stability issues of RT-PCR testing of SARS-CoV-2 for hospitalized patients clinically diagnosed with COVID-19 Potential false-negative nucleic acid testing results for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 from thermal inactivation of samples with low viral loads cache = ./cache/cord-278225-d0gxb6bx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-278225-d0gxb6bx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284853-6efhdogi author = Xie, Yun title = Effect of regular intravenous immunoglobulin therapy on prognosis of severe pneumonia in patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-04-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1831 sentences = 100 flesch = 52 summary = Intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG) has been clinically used as an adjunctive drug in the treatment of severe pneumonia caused by influenza [3] , but there is controversy about its therapeutic effect on COVID-19 pneumonia, despite inclusion in the seventh edition of the guidelines stating that it can be considered for use in severe and critically ill patients. For this reason, this study retrospectively observed the relationship between the prognosis of patients with severe and critical COVID-19 pneumonia and the adjuvant therapy of IVIG and explored whether IVIG could improve the clinical symptoms, laboratory examination and prognosis of these patients. In summary, initiation of IVIG as adjuvant treatment for COVID-19 pneumonia within 48 hours of admission to the ICU can reduce the use of mechanical ventilation, shorten the hospital length of stay, promote the early recovery of patients, and improve the effective treatment of patients to achieve significant clinical efficacy. cache = ./cache/cord-284853-6efhdogi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284853-6efhdogi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298639-v9yg80jw author = Chen, Yuxin title = High SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Prevalence among Healthcare Workers Exposed to COVID-19 Patients date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3369 sentences = 178 flesch = 51 summary = Risk analysis revealed that wearing face mask could reduce the infection risk (odds ratio [OR], 0.127, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.017, 0.968), while when exposed to COVID-19 patients, doctors might have higher risk of seroconversion (OR, 346.837, 95% CI 8.924, 13479.434), compared with HCWs exposed to colleagues as well as nurses and general service assistants who exposed to patients. Our study revealed that the serological testing is useful for the identification of asymptomatic or subclinical infection of SARS-CoV-2 among close contacts with COVID-19 patients. Briefly, 96-well plates were coated with 500 ng/mL of recombinant RBD or NP protein overnight, incubating with diluted were also collected and the nasopharyngeal swab samples from these patients have been repeatedly tested as negative for SARS-CoV-2 RNA at least twice at a two-day apart. Our study proved that the serological testing is useful for the identification of asymptomatic or subclinical infection of SARS-CoV-2 among close contacts with COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-298639-v9yg80jw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298639-v9yg80jw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290066-umthoftd author = Jia, Xingwang title = False Negative RT-PCR and False Positive Antibody Tests ——Concern and Solutions in the Diagnosis of COVID-19 date = 2020-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 518 sentences = 41 flesch = 55 summary = title: False Negative RT-PCR and False Positive Antibody Tests ——Concern and Solutions in the Diagnosis of COVID-19 We read with interest that antibody testing using a rapid immunochromatographic assay is reliable in the diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ( SARS-CoV-2 ) infection 1 . positive antibody results could be eliminated after five times dilution with normal human serum, when the RF level was lower than 10 IU/mL. The false positive antibody results could also be eliminated after 5 times dilution with normal human serum. Although the RT-PCR test has become the standard method for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, false-negative rates have been reported. Therefore, the combination of serum IgM/IgG antibody detection, the nucleic acid test, CT scan and clinical features improves the accuracy of COVID-19 diagnosis. Reliability and usefulness of a rapid IgM-IgG antibody test for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection: A preliminary report cache = ./cache/cord-290066-umthoftd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290066-umthoftd.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281753-neur9nmc author = Ji, Jingjing title = Early, low-dose, short-term methylprednisolone decreased the mortality in critical COVID-19 patients: a multicenter retrospective cohort study date = 2020-11-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 805 sentences = 52 flesch = 51 summary = title: Early, low-dose, short-term methylprednisolone decreased the mortality in critical COVID-19 patients: a multicenter retrospective cohort study Since critical patients were more likely to receive GC therapy, only severe type and critical type patients, according to clinical classification of the Chinese Recommendations for Diagnosis and Treatment of Novel Coronavirus (SARSCoV2) infection (Trial 7th version) 4 , were enrolled in present study. We retrospective collected the clinical and outcome data of critical COVID-19 patients, and taking methylprednisolone ( Few studies have discussed the application time, dosage and duration of MP, which were mostly based on the physician experience. To further clarify when and how to employ MP application on the critical type patients, the hazards ratios were analyzed in each group according to the starting time, dosage, and treatment duration ( Figure 2 ). cache = ./cache/cord-281753-neur9nmc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281753-neur9nmc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-284862-nhihxog0 author = Kroemer, Marie title = COVID-19 patients display distinct SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell responses according to disease severity date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1043 sentences = 63 flesch = 49 summary = Although the existence of SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells has been described 2,3 , the frequency and the intensity of SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell responses among mild illness and severe pneumonia convalescent COVID-19 patients remains to be investigated. In this prospective study, 60 patients who had COVID-19 were enrolled in a two cohorts study that were entitled mild illness (n=30) and severe pneumonia (n=30) at least 21 days after the first symptoms of ; Table 1 for CoV-N) might be explained by the sequence homology between structural proteins from various coronavirus suggesting the existence of cross reactive memory T-cells 5 . We observed that all patients with severe pneumonia had a positive serology index and most of them had at least one specific cellular response for SARS-CoV-2 proteins (28 out of 30). Specific T-cell responses for S, M and N proteins were simultaneously shown for 70.0% of severe pneumonia patients while only for 37.9% of mild illness patients (P=0.0191) (Fig. 1E) . cache = ./cache/cord-284862-nhihxog0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-284862-nhihxog0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-291181-u2t20mgi author = Chin, Ken Lee title = Early signs that COVID-19 is being contained in Australia date = 2020-05-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 757 sentences = 59 flesch = 66 summary = 4 In the present study, we report on the epidemiology of the COVID-19 outbreak in Australia observed thus far, as well as the predicted future numbers of cases, deaths and ICU admissions, and associated ICU costs. 5, 6 We forecasted the number of beds required for COVID-19 patients over time and its associated costs by applying the following conditions: (i) allocation of 10%, 30% and 50% of ICU beds for COVID-19; (ii) 3% (as currently observed in Australia), 5% (China) and 12% (Italy) of confirmed cases requiring intensive care 7 ; (iii) mean ICU stay between 7 and 14 days; and (iv) mean hospital stay prior to intensive care between 7 and 14 days. Based on extrapolation of trends prior to 29 March 2020, the Australian healthcare system would have been over-run by over 12,000 confirmed cases by 12 April 2020 (Supplement Figure C) . cache = ./cache/cord-291181-u2t20mgi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-291181-u2t20mgi.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-290385-0smnl70i author = Chan, Jasper F.W. title = Zika fever and congenital Zika syndrome: An unexpected emerging arboviral disease date = 2016-03-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8256 sentences = 479 flesch = 45 summary = Unlike its mosquito-borne relatives, such as dengue, West Nile, and Japanese encephalitis viruses, which can cause severe human diseases, Zika virus (ZIKV) has emerged from obscurity by its association with a suspected "congenital Zika syndrome", while causing asymptomatic or mild exanthematous febrile infections which are dengueor rubella-like in infected individuals. ZIKV RNA could be detected in breast milk and saliva of infected women, although replicative virus particles have not been demonstrated 78, 79 Perinatal transmission of other arboviruses, including DENV, CHIKV, WNV, and YFV, has also been reported. 115,120 74/ 8750 (0.8%) patients with suspected ZIKV infection in the French Polynesia outbreak developed neurological syndromes after presenting with a Zika fever-like illness. Zika fever-related death appears to be extremely rare but a number of probable cases have been reported, especially among immunocompromised patients and neonates with suspected congenital ZIKV infection. cache = ./cache/cord-290385-0smnl70i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-290385-0smnl70i.txt === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-302855-wwg6x1df author = Ma, Jia title = Clinical characteristics and prognosis in cancer patients with COVID-19: A single center's retrospective study date = 2020-04-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1140 sentences = 78 flesch = 56 summary = • Among cancer patients with COVID-19, the numbers of neutrophil, NLR(ratio of neutrophil to lymphocyte, IL-6, LDH and PCT in the severe/critical group were significantly higher than those in the mild group. In our study, the infection rate of COVID-19 among cancer patients in the single center was estimated to be 2.7% (37 of 1380 patients), which was 6 times higher than that in Wuhan until Mar 30, 2020 (0.45%, 50,006 of 11,081,000). In terms of the results of laboratory tests, we interestingly found that the numbers of neutrophil, NLR, IL-6, LDH and PCT ( Table 2 ) in the severe/critical group were significantly higher than those in the mild group. Cancer patients had a high infection rate of SARS-CoV-2 and were easy to become severe or critical cases, which should be monitored closely during the COVID-19 epidemic. Clinical characteristics of COVID-19-infected cancer patients: a retrospective case study in three hospitals within Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-302855-wwg6x1df.txt txt = ./txt/cord-302855-wwg6x1df.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301744-rx7ywew5 author = Kelleni, Mina T. title = SARS CoV-2 viral load might not be the right predictor of COVID-19 mortality date = 2020-08-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 373 sentences = 30 flesch = 59 summary = title: SARS CoV-2 viral load might not be the right predictor of COVID-19 mortality have reported SARS-CoV-2 viral load at diagnosis as an independent predictor of mortality. In a trial to explain the apparent contradictory results found in different studies as well as the lack of a distinct boundary between the viral loads that might be associated with a higher mortality rate or a higher recover rate; the author would like to suggest that SARS CoV-2 viral load should be only considered as a personalized reflection to the immune response to COVID-19 as well as to the genetic polymorphisms in SARS CoV-2 receptors 3 . ACE2 polymorphisms might be a better field of study than SARS CoV-2 viral load wishing to develop a genetic test that might predict and exempt, if possible, from COVID-19 related duty those who are more vulnerable to complications and mortality 4 SARS-CoV-2 viral load predicts COVID-19 mortality cache = ./cache/cord-301744-rx7ywew5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301744-rx7ywew5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-307333-n6jc0jy3 author = Selvaggi, Carla title = Interferon lambda 1–3 expression in infants hospitalized for RSV or HRV associated bronchiolitis date = 2014-01-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6120 sentences = 304 flesch = 49 summary = OBJECTIVES: The airway expression of type III interferons (IFNs) was evaluated in infants hospitalized for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or rhinovirus (HRV) bronchiolitis. KEYWORDS IFN lambda; IL-28; IL-29; RSV; HRV; MxA; ISG56; Viral load; Bronchiolitis Summary Objectives: The airway expression of type III interferons (IFNs) was evaluated in infants hospitalized for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or rhinovirus (HRV) bronchiolitis. Therefore, we evaluated whether there was a difference in the gene expression of IFN lambda 1e3 subtypes between infants with a clinical diagnosis of RSV associated acute bronchiolitis and those with HRV infection. Results demonstrated that in cells collected from nasopharyngeal washings of RSV positive infants there are higher mRNA levels of type III IFNs compared to those observed in infants with Figure 1 Gene expression of IFN lambda 1e3 during RSV or HRV bronchiolitis. cache = ./cache/cord-307333-n6jc0jy3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-307333-n6jc0jy3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289364-p31gt533 author = AlFehaidi, Alanoud title = A case of SARS-CoV-2 re-infection date = 2020-10-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 965 sentences = 73 flesch = 56 summary = Different reports have proposed the reactivation of SARS-CoV-2 infection, with 2 RT-PCR positive results following resolving symptoms and interim RT-PCR negative results [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] . Early studies reported that re-detectable positive virus nucleic acid among patients with SARS-CoV-2 with an average duration of 15 days from discharge to a re-positive results 13 . Patients in those early reports did not show signs of infection with the second positive results and had negative swab results within one week later. The COCOREC (Collaborative study COvid RECurrences) study suggested that recurrence of infection is likely if the patient has two confirmed SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positive results over 15 days apart with one major clinical sign and no other cause to explain the symptoms. Recurrence of positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA in COVID-19: A case report cache = ./cache/cord-289364-p31gt533.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289364-p31gt533.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-301592-n5ns3m34 author = Ivaska, Lauri title = Aetiology of febrile pharyngitis in children: Potential of myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA) as a biomarker of viral infection date = 2017-01-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4142 sentences = 249 flesch = 47 summary = We aimed to document the viral and bacterial aetiology of pharyngitis and to assess the pathogenic role of viruses by determining the myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA) in the blood as a marker of interferon response. We aimed to document the viral and bacterial aetiology of pharyngitis and to assess the pathogenic role of viruses by determining the myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA) in the blood as a marker of interferon response. Methods: In this prospective observational study, throat swabs and blood samples were collected from children (age 1e16 years) presenting to the emergency department with febrile pharyngitis. Methods: In this prospective observational study, throat swabs and blood samples were collected from children (age 1e16 years) presenting to the emergency department with febrile pharyngitis. 23e25 The aim of this study was to document the microbial causes of acute pharyngitis in children and adolescents in an outpatient setting and to evaluate the causative role of viruses by determining myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA) and other biomarker levels. cache = ./cache/cord-301592-n5ns3m34.txt txt = ./txt/cord-301592-n5ns3m34.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305462-2wz1f6k6 author = Beckham, J. David title = Respiratory viral infections in patients with chronic, obstructive pulmonary disease date = 2004-09-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3215 sentences = 191 flesch = 43 summary = OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the present study was to apply reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assays to clinical specimens collected from patients with acute respiratory illness and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS: One hundred and ninety-four samples from two different study cohorts were analysed using RT-PCR assays for picornaviruses, coronaviruses 229E and OC43, influenza A and B viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza types 1–3 viruses, and human metapneumovirus and a PCR assay for adenoviruses. 11 The number of respiratory viral infections identified in asthmatic patients with acute exacerbations of disease increase significantly when RT-PCR assays are used in addition to other diagnostic methods. 3 In order to extend our understanding of the prevalence of respiratory viral infection in acute respiratory illnesses in patients with COPD, we used RT-PCR assays to evaluate samples from the previous two prospective studies for evidence of respiratory virus infection. cache = ./cache/cord-305462-2wz1f6k6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305462-2wz1f6k6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304176-yloqrblw author = Tunesi, S. title = Prescribing COVID-19 treatments: what we should never forget date = 2020-05-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 701 sentences = 42 flesch = 51 summary = authors: Tunesi, S.; Bourgarit, A. COVID-19-induced proinflammatory status looks to trigger most severe SARS-CoV-2 forms (2). Many drugs have been hypothesized to be directly active against COVID-19 only because of a supposed antiviral activity: remdesivir, a molecule originally tested against Ebola virus, shows in vivo activity against MERS-CoV (5) but there is actually no real evidence of in vivo activity against COVID-19; lopinavir/ritonavir, a well-known protease inhibitor used in HIV treatment, has been widely used before randomized clinical trials showed his inefficacy in mortality reduction (6); chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, which are largely used in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment, show modest antiviral effects, but mortality due to QT elongation-related cardiac events is a matter of concern (7). Conversely, preliminary data about a potential role of ACE inhibitors in favouring the onset of severe forms of SARS-CoV-2 infection induced a massive change in antihypertensive drugs prescription that caused the onset of severe cardiovascular events (9). cache = ./cache/cord-304176-yloqrblw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304176-yloqrblw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305330-mklkugj5 author = Moiseev, Sergey title = Cancer in intensive care unit patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-05-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 489 sentences = 35 flesch = 49 summary = susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and complications, although data on COVID-19 and malignancies remain limited. noted that patients with cancer were more likely to experience severe sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, such as intensive care admission, invasive ventilation or death. 2 However, Wang and Zhang argued that the most important morbidity factor is exposure to an infection source, whereas worse outcomes from SARS-CoV-2 infection could be associated (at least partly) with older age of patients with cancer 3 . In a nationwide study, we evaluated the prevalence of malignancies among 1307 intensive care unit (ICU) patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia who required respiratory support. However, our data suggest that other factors, such as older age and comorbidities, contribute significantly to the more severe course of SARS-CoV-2 infection in cancer patients. cache = ./cache/cord-305330-mklkugj5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305330-mklkugj5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309294-ax6sr3zr author = Garrigues, Eve title = Post-discharge persistent symptoms and health-related quality of life after hospitalization for COVID-19 date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1011 sentences = 57 flesch = 54 summary = title: Post-discharge persistent symptoms and health-related quality of life after hospitalization for COVID-19 1 However, only a few studies have assessed post-discharge persistent symptoms and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after hospitalization for COVID-19. 2, 3 Here, we describe a single-centre study assessing post-discharge persistent symptoms and HRQoL of patients hospitalized in our COVID-19 ward unit more than 100 days after their admission. We designed a short phone questionnaire to collect post-discharge clinical symptoms, modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnoea scale scores, professional and physical activities, and attention, memory and/or sleep disorders. Comparisons between ward-and ICU patients led to no statistically significant differences regarding those symptoms. The present study shows that most patients requiring hospitalization for COVID-19 still have persistent symptoms, even 110 days after being discharged, especially fatigue and dyspnoea. Except pain or discomfort, we found no significant difference regarding persistent symptoms and HRQoL between ward patients versus ICU patients. cache = ./cache/cord-309294-ax6sr3zr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309294-ax6sr3zr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299018-eo73yl4v author = Gandini, O. title = Serum Ferritin as an independent risk factor for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in COVID-19 Patients in Rome Italy date = 2020-09-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 758 sentences = 44 flesch = 51 summary = title: Serum Ferritin as an independent risk factor for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in COVID-19 Patients in Rome Italy Serum samples were collected from patients upon admission before starting any treatment and tested by Laboratory Department Of all patients included, 81 patients (57%) showed mild disease (control group) and 60 (43%) showed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and systemic inflammation (severe group). 2 , panel C, D, E) Multivariate logistic regression model adjusted for several disease-related risk factors at admission, including age, sex, NLR, DD, LDH, ferritin and CRP, demonstrated that serum ferritin resulted as an independent predictor of disease severity in COVID-19 patients (OR = 1,0048, 95% CI, 1,0029 to 1,0083, P < 0,001.). We clearly demonstrated that serum levels of ferritin progressively increased with the severity of disease and correlate with poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients. Serum ferritin as an independent risk factor for severity in COVID-19 patients cache = ./cache/cord-299018-eo73yl4v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299018-eo73yl4v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-305583-p2jp5fiq author = Lalloo, David G. title = UK malaria treatment guidelines 2016 date = 2016-02-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9457 sentences = 583 flesch = 50 summary = Severe falciparum malaria, or infections complicated by a relatively high parasite count (more than 2% of red blood cells parasitized) should be treated with intravenous therapy until the patient is well enough to continue with oral treatment. Severe falciparum malaria, or infections complicated by a relatively high parasite count (more than 2% of red blood cells parasitized) should be treated with intravenous therapy until the patient is well enough to continue with oral treatment. There are now three main therapeutic options for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in adults in the UK: artemisinin combination therapy (ACT), oral atovaquoneeproguanil or quinine plus doxycycline (or quinine plus clindamycin in certain circumstances) (see Box 4 for details of doses). 52 In line with the WHO guidelines, we recommend that IV artesunate should be used preferentially over quinine as the drug of choice for treatment of severe falciparum malaria in children (grade 1A). cache = ./cache/cord-305583-p2jp5fiq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-305583-p2jp5fiq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308501-z3eiac25 author = Zhu, Chengliang title = nBreastfeeding Risk from Detectable Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Breastmilk date = 2020-06-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 847 sentences = 70 flesch = 57 summary = An emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, imposes a great threat to global public health 1 . The transmission and pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 gradually known among various populations, but public health effects of COVID-19 on women and their outcomes should not be ignored 1, 2 . In pregnant and perinatal women, vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from infected mother to her newborn is a controversial issue [2] [3] [4] . Here, we represent clinical characteristics of COVID-19 pneumonia in puerperal women and evidence of SARS-CoV-2 shedding in her breastmilk. Possible Vertical Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 From an Infected Mother to Her Newborn Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: a retrospective review of medical records SARS-CoV-2 is not detectable in the vaginal fluid of women with severe COVID-19 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-308501-z3eiac25.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308501-z3eiac25.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309577-438fotfd author = Xing, Yuhan title = Dynamics of faecal SARS-CoV-2 in infected children during the convalescent phase date = 2020-04-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 965 sentences = 73 flesch = 56 summary = 1 We would like to share findings from our paediatric patients who were positive for nucleic acid testing for SARS-CoV-2 in stools up to 8-20 days after clearance of viral RNA in respiratory specimens. Surprisingly, we found SARS-CoV-2 remained detectable in faeces of paediatric patients for approximately 4 weeks, whereas negative conversion of viral RNA in respiratory specimens occurred within 2 weeks after disease onset. Two children showed negative results for faecal detection of SARS-CoV-2 20 days after clear-ance of viral RNA in the respiratory tract, while another child persistently tested positive on faecal samples even 8 days after respiratory samples turning negative. Faecal shedding of viral RNA has been constantly reported in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. 7 -10 One study reported over half of the 17 patients had faecal samples positive for SARS-CoV-2 detection, although virus copies in stools were less than those in respiratory specimens. cache = ./cache/cord-309577-438fotfd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309577-438fotfd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316501-fl2wvhia author = Noh, Ji Yun title = Asymptomatic infection and atypical manifestations of COVID-19: comparison of viral shedding duration date = 2020-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 444 sentences = 37 flesch = 57 summary = title: Asymptomatic infection and atypical manifestations of COVID-19: comparison of viral shedding duration • Among patients with COVID-19, 26.1% presented anosmia, and 22.6% complained of ageusia with median duration of 7 days. • Mean duration of SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding was 24.5 days. • Irrespective of clinical manifestations, all patients with COVID-19 showed prolonged viral shedding. to evaluate the prevalence of asymptomatic infection, anosmia (smell loss) and ageusia (taste 8 loss) among patients with mild COVID-19 in a residential treatment center (RTC). We also 9 compared the duration of SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding between groups with different clinical 10 manifestations. An observational cohort study was conducted for 199 patients with COVID-19 in a RTC at Rapid asymptomatic transmission of COVID-19 during 82 the incubation period demonstrating strong infectivity in a cluster of youngsters aged 16-83 23 years outside Wuhan and characteristics of young patients with COVID-19: A 84 prospective contact-tracing study cache = ./cache/cord-316501-fl2wvhia.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316501-fl2wvhia.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317315-yyssvbbl author = Mao, Ming-Hui title = Serial semiquantitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva samples date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1083 sentences = 62 flesch = 59 summary = While the positive rates of nucleic acid detection from saliva, sputum, and oropharyngeal swab samples were significantly different at 3 and 6 weeks (see Appendix Table 3 ). The average time for nucleic acid detection results to become negative was 27.29±7.73 days for sputum samples, 27.82±12.09 days for oropharyngeal swab samples, and 24.53±13.59 days for saliva samples (see Appendix Table 4 ). Multivariate analysis found that clinical classification had a significant impact on the time of sputum and oropharyngeal swab samples to become negative (p=0.007, p=0.002) (see Appendix Table 5 ). The overall sensitivity, efficiency and specificity of saliva-sputum combined detection method were 93.40%, 94.00% and 95.20%, respectively (see Appendix Table 6 ). 1,5-9 total efficiency and specificity of the saliva detection method in this study were higher than those of the sputum and oropharyngeal swab detection methods (83.90% and 94.40%, respectively). cache = ./cache/cord-317315-yyssvbbl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317315-yyssvbbl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318126-gg68o52z author = Zhou, Juan title = Observation and analysis of 26 cases of asymptomatic SARS-COV2 infection date = 2020-04-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 972 sentences = 67 flesch = 54 summary = We read with interest the article in this journal which revealed that CT scanning provides important bases for early diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 (Corona Virus Infection Disease 2019) which is caused by SARS-COV2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2). We observed and analyzed the phenotypic characteristics of asymptomatic individuals originating from the active detection of high-risk individuals who had close contacts with COVID-19 patients during isolated observation with viral nucleic acid positive. A total of 26 cases of asymptomatic infection were detected as SARS-COV2 positive through swab specimen between January 20 to February 30. These data showed that people of different ages are generally susceptible to SARS-COV2, but the average age of asymptomatic patients is lower than the reported age of COVID-19 patients which was 40-70 years old (propinquity 73%). These cases proved that asymptomatic SARS-COV2 carriers can also spread the virus before the https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.028 0163-4453/© 2020 The British Infection Association. cache = ./cache/cord-318126-gg68o52z.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318126-gg68o52z.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309476-hel3h25h author = Brown, Julianne R. title = Encephalitis diagnosis using metagenomics: application of next generation sequencing for undiagnosed cases date = 2018-01-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5816 sentences = 290 flesch = 38 summary = This included two cases of human parvovirus 4 (PARV4), 28 first described in 2005 when it was associated with a viraemic patient in whom an acute viral infection was suspected 49 ; one case of human coronavirus OC-43, 43 typically a human respiratory pathogen never previously described in a human case of encephalitis but known to cause encephalitis in mice 50 ; one case of human astrovirus MLB1, 46 of mumps vaccine virus in a child who was vaccinated prior to a primary immunodeficiency diagnosis. As with other molecular tests, including PCR which has become the gold standard of virological diagnostics, results from metagenomics applied to cases of encephalitis should be interpreted in the context of other clinical and laboratory findings, particularly when a novel or unexpected organism is detected. cache = ./cache/cord-309476-hel3h25h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309476-hel3h25h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312984-rzryn3on author = Pan, Daniel title = Serial simultaneously self-swabbed samples from multiple sites show similarly decreasing SARS-CoV-2 loads in COVID-19 cases of differing clinical severity date = 2020-09-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 946 sentences = 63 flesch = 59 summary = title: Serial simultaneously self-swabbed samples from multiple sites show similarly decreasing SARS-CoV-2 loads in COVID-19 cases of differing clinical severity 8 From this small longitudinal cohort study on serially collected samples in acute COVID-19 cases of differing severity, we conclude that for symptomatic patients, it is difficult to obtain a 'false negative' result on NPS, OPS, NS or CS samples, if sampled early (within 5 days) post-symptom onset, even if the swab was 'poorly' taken. Despite a previous meta-analysis showing that sputum testing is possibly more sensitive for SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing, 9 other studies have shown that self-sampling from various URT sites performed satisfactorily for the diagnosis of acute COVID-19. Therefore, we further confirm that early (within 5 days of symptom onset), self-swabbed NPS, OPS, NS or CS samples for SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic testing in acute COVID-19 cases is a sensitive, practical approach, which reduces patient discomfort (as self-swabbing can be controlled) and minimises virus exposure to healthcare workers. cache = ./cache/cord-312984-rzryn3on.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312984-rzryn3on.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315300-v3pxb997 author = Zhang, Haipeng title = CD4+T, CD8+T counts and severe COVID-19: A meta-analysis date = 2020-06-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 780 sentences = 55 flesch = 61 summary = A retrospective study by Liu et al was conducted to investigate the associated between lymphocyte subset counts and severe COVID-19 [1] . Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between CD4+T counts, CD8+T counts, CD4/CD8 ratio and the severity of COVID-19 patients. Trials providing data of counts of CD4+T, CD8+T or CD4/CD8 ratio in patients with non-severe or severe COVID-19 were included. It has been reported that low counts of CD4+T and CD8+T were associated with adverse outcome in patients with SARS, and the counts would rise dramatically when clinical symptoms improved [9] . Lymphocyte subset (CD4+, CD8+) counts reflect the severity of infection and predict the clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19 Predictors of mortality for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2: a prospective cohort study cache = ./cache/cord-315300-v3pxb997.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315300-v3pxb997.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311853-k6efd9vg author = Lim, Rachel HF title = Decline in pneumococcal disease incidence in the time of COVID-19 in Singapore date = 2020-08-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1253 sentences = 57 flesch = 46 summary = Chow et al reported a marked decline in influenza incidence in Singapore during the first four months of 2020, likely attributable to public health measures aimed at controlling the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic (1) . As part of routine infectious disease surveillance for these institutions, we reviewed the results of all urinary streptococcal antigen tests performed, as well as the number of notifications submitted to the Ministry of Health for invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) (a notifiable disease for which reporting is mandatory for all clinicians and clinical laboratories), from the years 2010 to 2020. We postulate that the public health COVID-19 prevention measures introduced in Singapore resulted in an inadvertent decrease in pneumococcal disease transmission. In conclusion, we observed a decreased incidence of pneumococcal disease at our institution that corresponded with the time period when public health measures were implemented to control COVID-19, suggesting that these measures had also had an inadvertent effect on the transmission of S. cache = ./cache/cord-311853-k6efd9vg.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311853-k6efd9vg.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310001-qng7h5cj author = Tomlins, Jennifer title = Clinical features of 95 sequential hospitalised patients with novel coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19), the first UK cohort date = 2020-04-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1288 sentences = 62 flesch = 52 summary = title: Clinical features of 95 sequential hospitalised patients with novel coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19), the first UK cohort Clinical features of 95 sequential hospitalised patients with novel coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19), the first UK cohort. Sir, Wang and colleagues recently reported in this journal the characteristics and prognostic factors of novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) disease in 339 patients over 60 years of age presenting to Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University in Wuhan, China 1 . Numerous other case series of hospitalised patients in China have provided valuable insight into the clinical features of disease, risk factors for severity and case fatality rate. It is anticipated that age and the frequency of coexisting comorbidities in the UK population are likely to be strong drivers of outcome of and mortality in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 disease. We found a much higher median age and case fatality rate than that reported by other studies of all hospitalised patients with COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-310001-qng7h5cj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310001-qng7h5cj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317846-str9i01o author = Chen, Dr. Xian title = Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in severe COVID-19: a retrospective study of short-term treatment efficacy and side effects date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1108 sentences = 77 flesch = 58 summary = title: Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in severe COVID-19: a retrospective study of short-term treatment efficacy and side effects Therefore, diminishing the cytokine storm may be an important part of treatment in patients with severe COVID-19 [4] . On this basis, we conducted a retrospective study to evaluate the treatment efficacy and side effects of MSCs therapy on severe COVID-19. In our series, all the patients with severe COVID-19 survived and entered recovery after MSCs therapy, and only 3 patients experienced treatment side effects. Firstly, inflammation indexes, such as WBC counts and CRP were totally normal before MSCs therapy in most cases, which means that cytokine storm was mild to moderate and not serious in these cases. In conclusion, we suggested that MSCs therapy might be a promising option for the treatment of severe COVID-19, but should be used cautiously, especially in patients with metabolic acidosis or coronary heart disease. cache = ./cache/cord-317846-str9i01o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317846-str9i01o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308852-qdn04pun author = Lei, Hao title = Household transmission of COVID-19-a systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-08-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1073 sentences = 79 flesch = 65 summary = title: Household transmission of COVID-19-a systematic review and meta-analysis • SARS-CoV-2 is much more transmissible than SARS-CoV and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus in households, which challenges the home isolation of COVID-19 patients. Here, we report a systematic review of household transmission studies of and try to assess the secondary attack rate of household COVID-19 transmission. Studies containing data on household transmission of COVID-19 were retrieved from the electronic databases: PubMed, Embase, and a Chinese database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) on 1 July, 2020. Case reports with only one family involved were also excluded for analysis, because the household transmissions event collection was biased towards infection caused more serious illness. Household secondary attack rate (SAR) was calculated as the number of identified cases divided by the number of household contacts. Household SAR were greater than SAR by other contacts (OR=10.72, 95% CI: 5.70-20.17, p<0.001), suggesting much higher rates of intra-family transmission of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-308852-qdn04pun.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308852-qdn04pun.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311766-m9yv4qkm author = Demey, Baptiste title = Dynamic profile for the detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using four immunochromatographic assays date = 2020-05-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1754 sentences = 92 flesch = 49 summary = Thus, the objective of our study was to evaluate four immunochromatographic assays for the detection of IgM and IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and to evaluate the kinetics of their detection by these LFA. We evaluated 4 immunochromatographic tests for the detection of IgM and IgG directed against SARS-CoV-2 ( Figure 1 ). Longitudinal immunochromatographic testing in all patients shows heterogeneity in the time to detection of antibodies after symptom reporting (Figure 2 ). With either IgM or IgG detection for a patient on days 5, 10 and 15 since onset of symptom, we calculated a clinical sensitivity between 9 and 24%, 67 and 82% and 100% respectively ( Figure 3B and Table 1 ). In conclusion, we described the kinetics of detection of post-symptom antibodies in 22 patients using immunochromatographic rapid tests and demonstrated the good performance of these tests for the detection of antibodies after SARS-CoV-2 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-311766-m9yv4qkm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311766-m9yv4qkm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-320826-o6ih2f23 author = Blairon, Laurent title = Large-scale, molecular and serological SARS-CoV-2 screening of healthcare workers in a 4-site public hospital in Belgium after COVID-19 outbreak date = 2020-07-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 862 sentences = 56 flesch = 53 summary = title: Large-scale, molecular and serological SARS-CoV-2 screening of healthcare workers in a 4-site public hospital in Belgium after COVID-19 outbreak We read with great interest the study of Chen Y et al., who analyzed, during the Chinese epidemic peak, the seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among 105 healthcare workers (HCWs) exposed to COVID-19 patients [1] . Our purpose was to document at the end of the Belgium epidemic the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in HCWs exposed to COVID-19 at varying degrees and to compare these rates with those observed by other teams worldwide. On the same day, all asymptomatic HCWs who agreed to participate benefited from both serological and RT-qPCR SARS-CoV-2 tests. High SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence among healthcare workers exposed to COVID-19 patients SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody detection in healthcare workers in Germany with direct contact to COVID-19 patients COVID-19 study: 8,4% of Belgian health workers have antibodies to SARS-COV-2 n cache = ./cache/cord-320826-o6ih2f23.txt txt = ./txt/cord-320826-o6ih2f23.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312602-855n5av1 author = Chen, Min title = Molecular identification of Cryptococcus gattii from cerebrospinal fluid using single-cell sequencing: a case study date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2658 sentences = 158 flesch = 49 summary = title: Molecular identification of Cryptococcus gattii from cerebrospinal fluid using single-cell sequencing: a case study Comparing the sequence obtained from single-cell sequencing with the reference database, it was found that the infection was caused by Cryptococcus gattii sensu stricto (AFLP4/VGI genotype). Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is a life-threatening fungal infection associated with the human central nervous system (CNS), which is mainly caused by yeasts of the basidiomycetous genus Cryptococcus, particularly species that belong to the Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii complexes [5] . However, our case did not exhibit these clinical characteristics Notably, the scS technology in our study effectively and accurately generated enough sequence reads to facilitate direct detection and phylogenetic analysis of the cells of C. After further optimization of clinical sample separation, the scS technology will have great potential to accurately identify the etiologic agents of CNS-related mycoses, as well as other disease-causing fungal pathogens. cache = ./cache/cord-312602-855n5av1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312602-855n5av1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327246-idmo5ds7 author = M, Montero-Baladía title = Etoposide treatment adjunctive to immunosuppressants for critically ill COVID-19 patients: Etoposide for severe COVID-19 patients date = 2020-06-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1408 sentences = 112 flesch = 40 summary = Current evidence suggests that systemic hyperinflammation and immune dysregulation play a key role in the development of severe lung and multiorgan damage found in critically ill COVID-19 patients 2, 3, 4 . Patients eligible for etoposide treatment were older than 18 years, presented biochemical alterations suggestive of severe hyperinflammation (ferritin levels >1000 ng/ml and/or IL-6 values >50 pg/ml), ARDS (defined by PaO 2 /FiO 2 < 300) and were not under mechanical ventilation. These preliminary results on 11 patients confirmed the safety and efficacy of etoposide as adjunctive salvage treatment for critically ill COVID-19 ARDS patients, exhibiting systemic hyperinflammation and previously treated with corticosteroids and interleukin inhibitors. In this preliminary experience, salvage treatment with etoposide in adjunction to immunosuppressants resulted in overall favorable outcome of a small cohort of severely ill COVID-19 ARDS patients presenting with systemic hyperinflammation. cache = ./cache/cord-327246-idmo5ds7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327246-idmo5ds7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321033-fusyx0t9 author = nan title = Follow-up study on pulmonary function and radiological changes in critically ill patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-05-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1234 sentences = 70 flesch = 52 summary = 3 Most patients surviving from ARDS caused by other coronaviruses like SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus suffered from impaired pulmonary function and radiological abnormalities. Arterial blood gas analysis (ABGA) reported impaired oxygenation of PaO2/FiO2 at 213 mmHg. The diagnostic RT-PCR on a nasopharyngeal swab specimen was positive for SARS-CoV-2 and a chest CT scan illustrated bilateral pneumonia ( Figure 1a ). On illness day 17, both oxygenation (PaO2/FiO2 348 mmHg) and chest CT significantly improved (Figure 1b) , and she was then weaned from mechanical ventilation. On illness day 12, he was transferred to the intensive care unit and converted to invasive mechanical ventilation because of worsening oxygenation (PaO2/FiO2 84 mmHg) and progressing abnormalities on chest CT scan with extensive ground-glass opacities and partial consolidation on bilateral lungs (Figure 2b ). Follow-up study on pulmonary function and lung radiographic changes in rehabilitating severe acute respiratory syndrome patients after discharge cache = ./cache/cord-321033-fusyx0t9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321033-fusyx0t9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315723-unhg20e9 author = Juan, Hui-Chun title = Decline in invasive pneumococcal disease during COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan date = 2020-09-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 530 sentences = 37 flesch = 62 summary = Dear Editor , We read with great interest Lim et al's report, 1 which showed a decreased incidence of pneumococcal disease in Singapore during the first 27 weeks in 2020 in the time of COVID-19. Although the collateral benefit of controlling COVID-19 for other common respiratory infectious diseases, such as influenza and tuberculosis in Taiwan have been demonstrated, 2 , 3 the impact of the infection control and policy to prevent COVID-19 outbreak on pneumococcal disease remained unclear. Although many confounding factors, such as vaccine strategy or under-report of IPD during COVID-19 pandemic were not evaluated in this study, our findings was consistent with Singapore's study 1 suggest that strictly performance of infection control and policy not only mitigate the threaten of COVID-19 but also reduce the burden of other respiratory infections disease -invasive pneumococcal diseases. Decline in pneumococcal disease incidence in the time of COVID-19 in Singapore cache = ./cache/cord-315723-unhg20e9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315723-unhg20e9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318013-5om35tu8 author = Marie, Tré-Hardy title = The role of serology for COVID-19 control: Population, kinetics and test performance do matter date = 2020-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 944 sentences = 59 flesch = 48 summary = (1-4) The authors of these reports or correspondence highlighted the added value of serological testing, which, if captured within the correct timeframe after disease onset, can detect both active and past infections.(1) By providing estimates of who is and is not immune to SARS-CoV-2, serological data can be used to estimate epidemiological variables, such as the attack rate or case-fatality rate, which are necessary to assess how much community transmission has occurred and its burden.(5) They can also be used to strategically deploy immune health-care workers to reduce exposure of the virus to susceptible individuals or to assess the effect of non-pharmaceutical interventions at the population level and inform policy changes to release such measures. After two weeks, all tests demonstrate a sensitivity of 100%, as reported by other groups, (8, 10) except when the cut-off provided by the manufacturer were used for IgG detection (i.e. one of our 15 patients was never considered as positive). cache = ./cache/cord-318013-5om35tu8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318013-5om35tu8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328479-1tzysg7u author = Chen, Jianjun title = Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2-Specific Antibodies in Pets in Wuhan, China date = 2020-06-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 722 sentences = 44 flesch = 56 summary = In this study, we collected swab and blood samples from pet cats and dogs in Wuhan whose owners were confirmed to have COVID-19. Swab and whole blood samples were collected from 10 cats (four female, six male) and 9 dogs (four female, five male) (Supplementary Table 1 We then conducted telephone questionnaires with the owners of the three pets. In this study, we conducted a survey for SARS-CoV-2 in pets whose owners were diagnosed with COVID-19, in 15 communities in Wuhan. Prior to our study, a preprint of a research article posted online at bioRxiv indicated that SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies were detected in cats in Wuhan at the time of the COVID-19 epidemic (7) . In addition, pet dogs and cats in Hong Kong (8), whose owners had been diagnosed with COVID-19, tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Collectively, these results indicate the SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted to companion animals, possible through contact with owners carrying COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-328479-1tzysg7u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328479-1tzysg7u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322451-cwpz4akv author = Hsin, Dena Hsin-Chen title = Heroes of SARS: professional roles and ethics of health care workers date = 2004-07-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3598 sentences = 200 flesch = 66 summary = To examine the professional moral duty of health care workers (HCWs) in the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003. In a number of countries in order to encourage HCW, the government and the public started to give the title of 'hero' to nurses and doctors who are working in the frontline of SARS outbreak. While the ethical ideal of self-less sacrifice of life for curing disease is promoted in the public image and media, discussions with HCW in several countries suggests that being a hero is not what modern medical practice is for some HCWs. Most HCWs in Taiwan are working in the commercial hospital, where the hirer pushes them to focus their effort of work on business competition rather than the basic role of helpers to human's health. Nurses' professional care obligation and their attitudes towards SARS infection control measures in Taiwan during and after the 2003 epidemic cache = ./cache/cord-322451-cwpz4akv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322451-cwpz4akv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-330387-7lci44w5 author = Bird, Paul title = High SARS-CoV-2 infection rates in respiratory staff nurses and correlation of COVID-19 symptom patterns with PCR positivity and relative viral loads date = 2020-06-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1294 sentences = 82 flesch = 59 summary = title: High SARS-CoV-2 infection rates in respiratory staff nurses and correlation of COVID-19 symptom patterns with PCR positivity and relative viral loads Similarly, another study from Leicester, UK compared hospitalised and community patient SARS-CoV-2 PCR (polymerase chain reaction) positivity rates with that of staff, 2 but again, did not assess which staff groups or clinical specialties were at most risk of acquiring COVID-19. In addition, we compared the SARS-CoV-2 PCR positivity rate against ethnicity for both the HCW and household contacts combined (Fig. 1C) . 8 We then compared the SARS-CoV-2 PCR positivity rates against various demographic parameters, ethnicity and symptom patterns in both the HCWs and household contacts (n=47, Table 1 ). In summary, we have compared the SARS-CoV-2 PCR positivity rates in this HCW and household contact cohort, across different clinical roles and specialties, ethnic groups, and explored the correlation between their symptom patterns and swab viral loads. cache = ./cache/cord-330387-7lci44w5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-330387-7lci44w5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-328068-qoz85x3r author = Alanio, Alexandre title = The presence of Pneumocystis jirovecii in critically ill patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-11-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1383 sentences = 87 flesch = 46 summary = title: The presence of Pneumocystis jirovecii in critically ill patients with COVID-19 3 Since pneumocystosis is usually reported in patients with T-cell immunodepression, 4 less attention has been paid to Pneumocystis jirovecii in non-immunocompromised ICU patients although it accounts for 7% of the co-infections reported in those admitted with Influenza. jirovecii acid nucleic detection in respiratory specimens sampled to identify co-infections in COVID-19 patients in the ICU. All consecutive patients admitted to the ICU between 2020/03/15 and 2020/05/01 with a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR (Cobas ® SARS-CoV-2 Test, Roche, France) and ≥1 respiratory sample (bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), tracheal aspirate, sputum) sent to the mycology department. jirovecii RTqPCR-negative patients, higher B-D-glucan concentrations (450 and 500pg/ml) lead to the diagnosis of pulmonary aspergillosis, another fungal infection of risk in COVID-19 patients. jirovecii-positive pulmonary samples is observed in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Diagnostic accuracy of serum (1-3)-β-D-glucan for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis cache = ./cache/cord-328068-qoz85x3r.txt txt = ./txt/cord-328068-qoz85x3r.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-321989-1enjopig author = Li, Yanpeng title = Metagenomic analysis identified co-infection with human rhinovirus C and bocavirus 1 in an adult suffering from severe pneumonia date = 2017-10-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1488 sentences = 93 flesch = 60 summary = • We first present a HRV-C and HBoV1 co-infection in an adult woman with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. • Our study suggests that HBoV1 co-infection might worsen the disease caused by HRV-C infection, and raises a question whether HRV-C-related severe pneumonia is often associated with co-infection of other respiratory viruses such as bocavirus. Dear Editor, Human rhinovirus (HRV) and bocavirus (HBoV) are two of the most common respiratory viruses associated with acute respiratory tract infections among children. A previous study reported a 16-month child who was infected by HBoV1 and also showed presence of HRV, developed severe pneumonia. 5 Here we reported co-infection with HBoV1 and HRV-C in an adult woman with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In conclusion, our study reports a life-threatening pneumonia case caused by co-infection with HRV-C and HBoV1, and raises a question whether HRV-C-related severe pneumonia is often associated with co-infection of other respiratory viruses such as bocavirus. cache = ./cache/cord-321989-1enjopig.txt txt = ./txt/cord-321989-1enjopig.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336591-a31oe7kc author = Wong, Martin title = Evaluation on different non-pharmaceutical interventions during COVID-19 pandemic: an analysis of 139 countries date = 2020-06-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 736 sentences = 43 flesch = 43 summary = We extracted the rate of increase in cumulative incidence for each country between 15 April to 30 April, 2020 from the COVID-19 data repository of the Johns Hopkins Centre for Systems Science and Engineering [3] . A linear regression model was constructed to examine the association between average stringency index and increase in incidence of COVID-19 cases as the outcome variable. The distribution of the Government response stringency index in various countries shows its increase over time (01 March, 2020 to 31, March 2020) [7] , probably due to the increase in incidence in this period. In multivariaable regression analysis of data in 139 countries (Table 1) , a higher stringency index was significantly associated with lower incidence increase between 15 The findings of this study showed that more stringent containment and control measures could potentially lead to better COVID-19 pandemic control. cache = ./cache/cord-336591-a31oe7kc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336591-a31oe7kc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334443-3pyu8ucs author = He, Yu title = Public health might be endangered by possible prolonged discharge of SARS-CoV-2 in stool date = 2020-03-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1015 sentences = 61 flesch = 55 summary = According to a recent report, since December 8 2019, a novel identified coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2(previously named as 2019-nCOV) is causing outbreak of pneumonia in Wuhan, China and become the major concern throughout the world [1] . Those early reports may not represent actual rate of gastrointestinal symptoms caused by SARS-CoV-2, because in early stages of the outbreak, the limited resources for detection were only provided to those patients with severe symptoms like respiratory distress syndrome. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China Detection and monitoring of SARS coronavirus in the plasma and peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome cache = ./cache/cord-334443-3pyu8ucs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334443-3pyu8ucs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-335355-lcrbs2op author = Kunutsor, Setor K. title = Markers of liver injury and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-05-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1007 sentences = 66 flesch = 50 summary = In this context, we aimed to determine the nature of the relationships of admission levels of five main markers of liver injury (ALT, AST, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin) with the risk of clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19 using a systematic meta-analysis. MEDLINE, Embase, and The Cochrane library were searched from 2019 to 17 May 2020 for published studies reporting on relationships between admission levels of markers of liver injury (GGT, ALT, AST, ALP and total bilirubin) and clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Taking the overall evidence together, the data supports a higher prevalence of elevated admission levels of markers of liver injury in severe or mortality due to COVID-19 disease, which suggests that patients with elevated levels of liver markers at baseline (during admission) had higher risks of developing worse outcomes in COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-335355-lcrbs2op.txt txt = ./txt/cord-335355-lcrbs2op.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-322812-9u3ptqjs author = Wells, Philippa M. title = Estimates of the rate of infection and asymptomatic COVID-19 disease in a population sample from SE England date = 2020-10-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3730 sentences = 197 flesch = 51 summary = METHODS: We undertook enzyme linked immunosorbent assay characterisation of IgM and IgG responses against SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and nucleocapsid protein of 431 unselected general-population participants of the TwinsUK cohort from South-East England, aged 19-86 (median age 48; 85% female). 382 participants completed prospective logging of 14 COVID-19 related symptoms via the COVID Symptom Study App, allowing consideration of serology alongside individual symptoms, and a predictive algorithm for estimated COVID-19 previously modelled on PCR positive individuals from a dataset of over 2 million. We undertook a population-based study of the humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2, with regards to longitudinal clinical symptoms collected through a mobile phone app in a population-based sample of 431 TwinsUK volunteers. For three months prior to the visit, the majority of participants had completed regular logging of symptoms, via the C-19 Covid Symptom Study app 5 , enabling measurement of antibody response to COVID-19 with regards to clinical symptoms. cache = ./cache/cord-322812-9u3ptqjs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-322812-9u3ptqjs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332786-7b6wz6i7 author = Ha, Dat P. title = The stress-inducible molecular chaperone GRP78 as potential therapeutic target for Coronavirus infection date = 2020-06-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1244 sentences = 67 flesch = 46 summary = A recent report in this journal by Ibrahim and colleagues describing the potential binding interaction between SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and the host 78-kDa glucose regulated protein (GRP78) raised the possibility that GRP78 could be a facilitator for viral entry 1 and disruption of such interaction may be used to develop novel therapeutics specific against this virus 2 . In addition to its role in viral protein folding, GRP78 upregulation during viral replication could protect the virus-infected host cells from undergoing apoptosis since GRP78 is known to bind and maintain the ER-associated apoptotic machineries in their inactive forms and exert pro-survival effects especially under ER stress 3 . Conversely, the dependence of viruses on the ER and its key resident chaperone GRP78 for viral protein production and host cell survival could be the virus' Achilles heel and offers a unique opportunity for combating SARS-CoV-2 and other virus infections. cache = ./cache/cord-332786-7b6wz6i7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332786-7b6wz6i7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337557-ct43uoir author = Guetl, Katharina title = SARS-CoV-2 positive virus culture 7 weeks after onset of COVID-19 in an immunocompromised patient suffering from X chromosome-linked agammaglobulinemia date = 2020-10-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 855 sentences = 58 flesch = 46 summary = title: SARS-CoV-2 positive virus culture 7 weeks after onset of COVID-19 in an immunocompromised patient suffering from X chromosome-linked agammaglobulinemia (4, 5) Here, we report SARS-CoV-2 positive viral culture 7 weeks after onset of COVID-19 in a patient with an underlying immunosuppressive disorder, so-called X chromosome-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA), demonstrating the potential of prolonged SARS-CoV-2 spreading beyond widely accepted isolation precautions. On April 15, five days after tocilizumab and convalescent plasma administration and five weeks after the initial diagnosis of COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was not detectable for the first time. The patient showed progressive clinical recovery, but an alternating course of three negative followed by three positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR results was subsequently observed. In summary, we have to assume that in our patient shedding of infectious SARS-CoV-2 stopped between week 7 and 10 of disease. cache = ./cache/cord-337557-ct43uoir.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337557-ct43uoir.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331931-2et3gcb5 author = Zeng, Jie title = Clinical and Imaging features of COVID-19 Patients: Analysis of Data from High-Altitude Areas date = 2020-04-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1198 sentences = 77 flesch = 61 summary = title: Clinical and Imaging features of COVID-19 Patients: Analysis of Data from High-Altitude Areas This is the first report talking about the COVID-19 from high altitude areas. It is worth mentioning that a 77-years-old female patient had a history of tuberculosis, although only one lobe was involved with SARS-CoV-2, but still progresses to severe illness. There were 5 patients who had a negative initial CT scan but positive follow-up CT， which means that negative CT images cannot completely rule out COVID-19. In conclusion, this is the first report of COVID-19 in high altitude area in the world. Clinical characteristics and imaging manifestations of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19):A multi-center study in Wenzhou city Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study cache = ./cache/cord-331931-2et3gcb5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331931-2et3gcb5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337854-5ogip9tz author = Huang, Wanqiu title = The determination of release from isolation of COVID-19 patients requires ultra-high sensitivity nucleic acid test technology date = 2020-07-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1020 sentences = 67 flesch = 53 summary = In our study, we developed an improved strategy, termed as nestRPA (nest recombinase polymerase amplification), which could greatly improve the sensitivity of nucleic acid detection for SARS-CoV-2 than RPA or qPCR. Using nestRPA technology, we found that positive plasmid containing SARS-CoV-2 with the concentration of 1 copy/ul could also be stably detected by Fragment 5 and nucleic acid detection results were negative using qPCR. Our results suggested that the ultra-sensitive nucleic acid detection technique has important implications for early identification of those asymptomatic carriers infected with SARS-CoV-2. In addition, many experts of COVID-19 prevention and treatment clearly pointed out that the inaccurate sample collection were also one of the important reasons for the false negative result of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid [6] [7] [8] . If all the links in the detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid could be strictly administrated, false negative could be completely eliminated, and the discontinuation of isolation will no longer be a dilemma for us. cache = ./cache/cord-337854-5ogip9tz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337854-5ogip9tz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350159-i2ig6dtr author = Daunt, Anna title = Validity of the UK Early Access to Medicines Scheme Criteria for Remdesivir use in patients with COVID-19 disease date = 2020-06-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 981 sentences = 56 flesch = 57 summary = 3 An adapted version of the risk score, with twelve variables, was used to predict clinical deterioration (i.e. death or admission to critical care) in a cohort of 1,157 confirmed COVID-19 patients in one London NHS Trust. However, how the score proposed by EAMS performs in front-line settings and its implications for how many patients will likely receive Remdesivir for COVID-19 is currently unknown. According to the EAMS score, 262 (75.3%) of the eligible patients in our cohort would have been classified as high-risk and 86 (24.7%%) as low-risk. While reassuring that the scoring system seems show reasonable performance in identifying most of those at high risk of adverse outcomes in our cohort, 11.3% of those who deteriorate and met inclusion criteria were missed by this score. A clinical risk score to identify patients with COVID-19 at high risk of critical care admission or death: an observational cohort study cache = ./cache/cord-350159-i2ig6dtr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350159-i2ig6dtr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341754-rr7ei8o2 author = Aitken, Tess title = Rethinking pandemic preparation: Global Health Security Index (GHSI) is predictive of COVID-19 burden, but in the opposite direction date = 2020-05-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 913 sentences = 65 flesch = 50 summary = title: Rethinking pandemic preparation: Global Health Security Index (GHSI) is predictive of COVID-19 burden, but in the opposite direction In the wake of the Ebola outbreak in 2014, the Global Health Security Index (GHSI) was developed with the aim of gauging countries' capacity to deal with infectious disease outbreaks. 4 We analysed the association between GHSI and COVID-19 burden, represented by numbers of tests confirmed cases and deaths per million people per day since the first confirmed case in each country. Secondly, we used a generalised linear model (GLM) to determine the association between GHSI and confirmed cases and deaths per million people per day, with adjustment for testing rate, population median age and proportion of females. After adjusting for testing rate, median age and the proportion of females, a positive association was also observed between GHSI and COVID-19 cases and deaths, with the biggest burden borne by countries at the highest quartile of GHSI. cache = ./cache/cord-341754-rr7ei8o2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341754-rr7ei8o2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-338333-yvm3d6xy author = Tu, Danna title = Immunological detection of serum antibodies in pediatric medical workers exposed to varying levels of SARS-CoV-2 date = 2020-07-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1067 sentences = 67 flesch = 47 summary = title: Immunological detection of serum antibodies in pediatric medical workers exposed to varying levels of SARS-CoV-2 • Pediatric healthcare workers are at risk for SARS-CoV-2 transmission from children and aerosols increase SARS-CoV-2 infection rate. Here we would like to share our finding about the serum antibodies analyzed in a special group of pediatric medical workers exposed to varying levels of SARS-CoV-2 after Wuhan severe epidemic of COVID-19. The overall positive rate for SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM antibodies in the pediatric medical workers was 43.08 and 5.85%, respectively. This research revealed that pediatric medical workers are a high-risk group for infection by SARS-CoV-2, and the higher the exposure levels to COVID-19 patients and aerosol production, the greater chance of being infected. Table 1 Test results of serum antibodies in pediatric medical workers exposed to different levels of SARS-CoV-2 High SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence among healthcare workers exposed to COVID-19 patients cache = ./cache/cord-338333-yvm3d6xy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-338333-yvm3d6xy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-337835-78i6j11i author = Alfaraj, Sarah H. title = The impact of co-infection of influenza A virus on the severity of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus date = 2017-02-09 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1534 sentences = 115 flesch = 62 summary = title: The impact of co-infection of influenza A virus on the severity of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 1 We present four cases of combined infection with influenza and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection. A nasopharyngeal swab was positive for MERS-CoV with Ct value upE gene 37; ORF1A 36 and negative for Influenza. A nasopharyngeal swab was positive for MERS-CoV with Ct value upE gene 37; ORF1A 36 and negative for Influenza. A repeat swab after 3 days was negative for MERS-CoV but positive for influenza A. The NLST worked with the FES teams in the North West (NW) and West Midlands (WMids) regions of England to audit the reporting of Legionella cases with onset dates during each calendar year between 2012 and 2014, inclusive. WHO guidelines for investigation of cases of human infection with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) cache = ./cache/cord-337835-78i6j11i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-337835-78i6j11i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346967-br4kpm6i author = Bongiovanni, Marco title = Acute hepatitis caused by asymptomatic COVID-19 infection date = 2020-09-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 924 sentences = 60 flesch = 46 summary = Acute liver injury at admission is a quite common finding in subjects affected by COVID-19 pneumonia (5) ; although the elevation of aminotransferases is usually mild, it seems associated with disease severity. In particular, it has been demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 infection in the liver directly contributes to hepatic impairment in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia (6) . We report here the case of a young woman diagnosed with COVID-19 infection in absence of respiratory symptoms, presenting at the admission with significant elevation of liver function tests compatible with acute hepatitis. (8) described a non-icteric, acute hepatitis in an HIV-infected woman, but their patient developed overt respiratory symptoms in the hours immediately following diagnosis and also had other possible causes of liver tests abnormalities such as the use of concomitant drugs and a fair number of comorbidities. Mild-to moderate liver test abnormalities are becoming a frequent finding in subjects admitted to hospital for COVID-19 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-346967-br4kpm6i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346967-br4kpm6i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350670-qk76szs0 author = Vrsalovic, Mislav title = Cardiac injury and mortality in COVID-19: a reappraisal date = 2020-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 579 sentences = 42 flesch = 52 summary = Based on the aforementioned methodological issues we performed an additional sub-analysis that included the two largest studies from Wuhan, China, which included 940 patients with COVID-19 (Table 1) , accounting for the fact that both studies analysed hospitalized cases with severe and critical illness. Meta-analysis of those studies that reported adjusted HR (using the generic inverse variance method and fixed effects model), showed a significant association between elevated troponin values and mortality (HR = 3.08; 95% CI 1.95 -4.87) (Fig. 1) , and no significant heterogeneity between studies was detected (Cochran Q = 0.44, p = 0.50). Cardiac injury and prognosis in covid-19: methodological considerations and updated meta-analysis Cardiac troponins predict mortality in patients with COVID-19: A meta-analysis of adjusted risk estimates Risk factors for severity and mortality in adult COVID-19 inpatients in Wuhan Characteristics and clinical significance of myocardial injury in patients with severe coronavirus disease cache = ./cache/cord-350670-qk76szs0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350670-qk76szs0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354612-7f91l0n9 author = Villar, Livia Melo title = USEFULNESS OF SALIVA SAMPLES FOR DETECTING SARS-CoV-2 RNA AMONG LIVER DISEASE PATIENTS date = 2020-07-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 572 sentences = 51 flesch = 65 summary = title: USEFULNESS OF SALIVA SAMPLES FOR DETECTING SARS-CoV-2 RNA AMONG LIVER DISEASE PATIENTS A total of four individuals (two hepatitis cases and two without liver disease) were negative to SARS CoV-2 in NPS and saliva (100% of specificity). Positive concordant results in NPS and saliva were observed in seven individuals (two hepatitis cases and 5 without liver disease) until 7 days after onset of symptoms (100% of sensitivity). This is the first report of SARS CoV-2 detection in saliva samples among liver disease patients showing best results until 7 days of beginning of symptoms. In addition, there is no information regarding the usefulness of saliva for detecting SARS CoV-2 RNA in individuals presenting comorbidities, such as liver disease. Since saliva can be collected easily, SARS CoV-2 RNA detection in saliva can be useful strategy to increase the access of sample collection for the diagnosis of COVID-19 in patients with liver disease. cache = ./cache/cord-354612-7f91l0n9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354612-7f91l0n9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331929-rot2vgso author = Piaserico, Stefano title = REPLY TO: Interleukin-17: a potential therapeutic target in COVID-19 date = 2020-06-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 856 sentences = 55 flesch = 43 summary = As observed in the paper by Mendoza, IL-17 is thought to play a key role in the immune dysregulation observed in COVID-19 and in other severe coronavirus-mediated respiratory syndromes, therefore its inhibition has been suggested to determine a better outcome in these patients. IL-17 has been shown to exert direct pro-fibrotic effects on fibroblasts isolated from mouse and human lung through the activation of NF-kB, promoting production of TGF-β and expression of αsmooth muscle actin and eventually leading to collagen deposition 5 . Pulmonary fibrosis in SARS patients may be the result of the high inflammatory burden related not only to the anti-viral immune response, but also to ventilatorinduced lung injury (VILI). Moreover, anticoagulant therapies have been shown to ameliorate lung fibrosis in both murine models and human patients. In conclusion, IL-17 appears to be involved in several processes which might be relevant in the pathogenesis of COVID-19-induced pulmonary fibrosis. cache = ./cache/cord-331929-rot2vgso.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331929-rot2vgso.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352111-frk319q1 author = Woodruff, Amelita title = COVID-19 Follow up Testing date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 633 sentences = 47 flesch = 64 summary = • 70% of patients met CDC guidelines for release from quarantine & still tested (+); • The average time from onset of symptoms to negative testing was 19 days.  70% of patients met CDC guidelines for release from quarantine & still tested (+)  The average time from onset of symptoms to negative testing was 19 days Dear Editor, There is some uncertainty regarding the incubation period of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The non-test-based strategy recommends that COVID-19 patients can discontinue self-isolation when they have been afebrile for 72 hours without anti-pyretic medications, have improvement in respiratory symptoms, and have at least 10 days elapse since symptoms started, recently increased from 7 days. The test-based strategy requires resolution of fever without the use of anti-pyretics, improvement of respiratory symptoms, and two consecutive negative COVID-19 nasopharyngeal swabs collected ≥24 hours apart. In our patient population, the average time from the onset of symptoms to negative testing is 19 days. cache = ./cache/cord-352111-frk319q1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352111-frk319q1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348129-tph0d5fl author = De Deyn, Michelle Lee Zhi Qing title = A tale of two cities: a comparison of Hong Kong and Singapore's early strategies for the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date = 2020-06-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1146 sentences = 58 flesch = 55 summary = Based on news reports and official press releases, it is evident that many Asian countries, which have successfully contained the first wave of infections, are now experiencing a second wave of imported cases from abroad and worsening local transmission 2 . After the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV) outbreak, Singapore authorities had put in place a multi-ministry taskforce and a Disease Outbreak Response System Condition (DORSCON) framework that enables the whole-of-government to respond immediately to any disease outbreak and guide interventions 5 . While Hong Kong saw her first imported case on 22 January 2020 and had taken similar pre-emptive measures prior to this 6 . The role of community-wide wearing of face mask for control of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic due to SARS-CoV-2 Confirmed imported case of novel coronavirus infection in Singapore; multi-ministry taskforce ramps up precautionary measures cache = ./cache/cord-348129-tph0d5fl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348129-tph0d5fl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353608-de6rrf7v author = Saito, Sho title = First and second COVID-19 waves in Japan: A comparison of disease severity and characteristics: Comparison of the two COVID-19 waves in Japan date = 2020-11-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 982 sentences = 52 flesch = 55 summary = Mortality (1.2% vs 7.3%) in hospitalized or discharged patients was also lower in the second wave; the same trend was observed on stratification according to age and severity at admission (Table 1 ). Our study showed that the proportion of cases involving severe disease at admission was smaller in the second wave. Data from the second wave indicated a demographic shift toward a younger population with fewer comorbidities, a lower proportion of severe patients at admission, and decreased mortality. However, the mortality was lower in second wave even if stratifying age and severity at admission. The findings of our study indicated that in the first wave, the medical system was under greater strain with more severe cases on admission. In the second wave, patients were younger with fewer underlying diseases and lower mortality rates. Risk factors associated with disease severity and length of hospital stay in COVID-19 patients cache = ./cache/cord-353608-de6rrf7v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353608-de6rrf7v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347280-jpwf55l6 author = Skevaki, Chrysanthi title = Laboratory characteristics of patients infected with the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus date = 2020-06-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3073 sentences = 162 flesch = 41 summary = Furthermore, another study of 140 hospitalized patients in Wuhan, demonstrated significantly higher leukocyte counts among those with severe COVID-19 disease, compared to patients with milder infection (p=0.003) 3 . Absolute lymphopenia is commonly observed in patients with COVID-19, but pronounced lymphocyte depletion is a cardinal marker of enhanced disease severity and an indicator of imminent death, that has been consistently depicted by almost all currently published reports, coming mainly from China 1-7 . A retrospective Chinese study reported that NLR, along with the SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels, could be used as a simple discriminative tool for severity between COVID-19 patients, and further predict the clinical outcome of these patients 14 . Current data support that critically ill patients as well as fatal cases of COVID-19 have significantly higher LDH levels (usually >320 U/L) compared to moderate infections 1, 2, 5, 6, 11, 16 . cache = ./cache/cord-347280-jpwf55l6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347280-jpwf55l6.txt ===== Reducing email addresses parallel: Warning: No more processes: Decreasing number of running jobs to 3. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf may help. cord-256808-lxlerb13 cord-273751-61eeykj1 cord-327246-idmo5ds7 cord-300038-1fjb6b8e Creating transaction Updating adr table ===== Reducing keywords parallel: Warning: Only enough available processes to run 7 jobs in parallel. parallel: Warning: Raising ulimit -u or /etc/security/limits.conf parallel: Warning: or /proc/sys/kernel/pid_max may help. cord-007926-um2khqhn cord-019964-9leljj8j cord-007562-4hcs0z65 cord-019982-hyxrgamj cord-008671-k0vda7fy cord-030636-wpjmwwpu cord-257489-ruf4rzxm cord-256633-vls23fu5 cord-008695-y7il3hyb cord-257732-3xuy6tbn cord-027498-cfzfgzqi cord-019968-o5bdb37q cord-254556-1zthrgy1 cord-263671-2b54qfo7 cord-252980-1e28zj1d cord-260247-akujsk0s cord-010540-0zkc5w74 cord-025481-ljs80v45 cord-261240-osbk041e cord-264255-q5izs39f cord-261405-n05wjimk cord-264285-1sne3ng1 cord-030594-xhp8kin0 cord-266036-qhlo99l7 cord-254635-gtgahlqm cord-010536-9ea7vvsz cord-265504-yq9wsugy cord-256808-lxlerb13 cord-254512-dct045kl cord-273751-61eeykj1 cord-266033-gbx48scp cord-264302-8vo5psgm cord-008676-35dgybwy cord-266455-rbblg4pu cord-019977-kj0eaw6v cord-271957-osaycpe8 cord-025980-85jbwmfv cord-270258-9vgpphiu cord-281984-en9825p9 cord-008678-zi3aunqz cord-282053-ftjx29lw cord-260925-puuqv6zk cord-274558-1k7bi6ng cord-269389-x8i5x62v cord-277763-ihg3te63 cord-277705-6lgt2i7f cord-282499-baia5prj cord-025482-9iy4fxd5 cord-255174-h1izji2g cord-287030-xzothuf7 cord-276991-gv1k7u7j cord-265772-diahoew3 cord-276328-08ava9ni cord-026603-h4zy3244 cord-286014-cc99e24x cord-266564-imj1lcy9 cord-280350-ay4cnzn5 cord-280188-gir0y1m1 cord-267621-oc8bw7ft cord-285179-26ey3fm8 cord-280544-1rhu478r cord-288814-1zayb21f cord-288366-xe3pxrhv cord-287823-avi14ee5 cord-276345-xsjh3766 cord-283758-0z3jwwby cord-008686-9ybxuy00 cord-298639-v9yg80jw cord-291750-4s93wniq cord-280829-juu8d60q cord-281130-9tawihti cord-278225-d0gxb6bx cord-290066-umthoftd cord-288010-i9zrojoo cord-281753-neur9nmc cord-300038-1fjb6b8e cord-292201-e7k7gn9q cord-008672-luoxomif cord-291181-u2t20mgi cord-289169-3u7qgxud cord-282433-p6jl9gxf cord-282821-qvtvpnrr cord-284853-6efhdogi cord-295074-fsbp4fky cord-291561-sxvgue36 cord-302855-wwg6x1df cord-290385-0smnl70i cord-301592-n5ns3m34 cord-301491-frv4c5ny cord-284862-nhihxog0 cord-292451-2tpef19n cord-303904-8ubm0kig cord-291960-1is0rv6c cord-293714-s6ezxi5r cord-303763-2784hze3 cord-304787-fohgekp4 cord-289364-p31gt533 cord-301744-rx7ywew5 cord-309294-ax6sr3zr cord-299018-eo73yl4v cord-305330-mklkugj5 cord-307333-n6jc0jy3 cord-305462-2wz1f6k6 cord-308501-z3eiac25 cord-304176-yloqrblw cord-308852-qdn04pun cord-309577-438fotfd cord-305583-p2jp5fiq cord-309476-hel3h25h cord-317315-yyssvbbl cord-311853-k6efd9vg cord-310001-qng7h5cj cord-316501-fl2wvhia cord-312984-rzryn3on cord-318126-gg68o52z cord-317846-str9i01o cord-320826-o6ih2f23 cord-311766-m9yv4qkm cord-327246-idmo5ds7 cord-321033-fusyx0t9 cord-312602-855n5av1 cord-315300-v3pxb997 cord-328479-1tzysg7u cord-318013-5om35tu8 cord-322451-cwpz4akv cord-315723-unhg20e9 cord-321989-1enjopig cord-337854-5ogip9tz cord-330387-7lci44w5 cord-334443-3pyu8ucs cord-328068-qoz85x3r cord-336591-a31oe7kc cord-341754-rr7ei8o2 cord-332786-7b6wz6i7 cord-335355-lcrbs2op cord-337557-ct43uoir cord-338333-yvm3d6xy cord-322812-9u3ptqjs cord-331931-2et3gcb5 cord-346967-br4kpm6i cord-350159-i2ig6dtr cord-331929-rot2vgso cord-348129-tph0d5fl cord-337835-78i6j11i cord-353608-de6rrf7v cord-350670-qk76szs0 cord-354612-7f91l0n9 cord-347280-jpwf55l6 cord-352111-frk319q1 Creating transaction Updating wrd table ===== Reducing urls cord-256808-lxlerb13 cord-254556-1zthrgy1 cord-264255-q5izs39f cord-265504-yq9wsugy cord-252980-1e28zj1d cord-260925-puuqv6zk cord-265772-diahoew3 cord-008678-zi3aunqz cord-280188-gir0y1m1 cord-285179-26ey3fm8 cord-008686-9ybxuy00 cord-280544-1rhu478r cord-282433-p6jl9gxf cord-301592-n5ns3m34 cord-291561-sxvgue36 cord-309476-hel3h25h cord-305583-p2jp5fiq cord-318126-gg68o52z cord-321989-1enjopig Creating transaction Updating url table ===== Reducing named entities cord-019964-9leljj8j cord-256633-vls23fu5 cord-257489-ruf4rzxm cord-257732-3xuy6tbn cord-019982-hyxrgamj cord-008695-y7il3hyb cord-027498-cfzfgzqi cord-030636-wpjmwwpu cord-260247-akujsk0s cord-007562-4hcs0z65 cord-261240-osbk041e cord-019968-o5bdb37q cord-252980-1e28zj1d cord-025481-ljs80v45 cord-264255-q5izs39f cord-263671-2b54qfo7 cord-261405-n05wjimk cord-010540-0zkc5w74 cord-266455-rbblg4pu cord-254556-1zthrgy1 cord-030594-xhp8kin0 cord-264285-1sne3ng1 cord-266036-qhlo99l7 cord-254512-dct045kl cord-266033-gbx48scp cord-270258-9vgpphiu cord-254635-gtgahlqm cord-265504-yq9wsugy cord-010536-9ea7vvsz cord-260925-puuqv6zk cord-271957-osaycpe8 cord-008676-35dgybwy cord-273751-61eeykj1 cord-266564-imj1lcy9 cord-282053-ftjx29lw cord-269389-x8i5x62v cord-265772-diahoew3 cord-276328-08ava9ni cord-274558-1k7bi6ng cord-025482-9iy4fxd5 cord-276991-gv1k7u7j cord-255174-h1izji2g cord-281984-en9825p9 cord-277763-ihg3te63 cord-026603-h4zy3244 cord-025980-85jbwmfv cord-008671-k0vda7fy cord-019977-kj0eaw6v cord-282499-baia5prj cord-008678-zi3aunqz cord-264302-8vo5psgm cord-287030-xzothuf7 cord-267621-oc8bw7ft cord-007926-um2khqhn cord-256808-lxlerb13 cord-277705-6lgt2i7f cord-280350-ay4cnzn5 cord-280188-gir0y1m1 cord-288366-xe3pxrhv cord-285179-26ey3fm8 cord-008686-9ybxuy00 cord-280544-1rhu478r cord-288814-1zayb21f cord-008672-luoxomif cord-283758-0z3jwwby cord-276345-xsjh3766 cord-289169-3u7qgxud cord-281130-9tawihti cord-286014-cc99e24x cord-298639-v9yg80jw cord-280829-juu8d60q cord-287823-avi14ee5 cord-300038-1fjb6b8e cord-284853-6efhdogi cord-284862-nhihxog0 cord-288010-i9zrojoo cord-292201-e7k7gn9q cord-291181-u2t20mgi cord-291750-4s93wniq cord-281753-neur9nmc cord-282433-p6jl9gxf cord-278225-d0gxb6bx cord-290385-0smnl70i cord-290066-umthoftd cord-282821-qvtvpnrr cord-295074-fsbp4fky cord-291561-sxvgue36 cord-302855-wwg6x1df cord-293714-s6ezxi5r cord-292451-2tpef19n cord-301491-frv4c5ny cord-305462-2wz1f6k6 cord-303763-2784hze3 cord-304787-fohgekp4 cord-307333-n6jc0jy3 cord-305330-mklkugj5 cord-289364-p31gt533 cord-291960-1is0rv6c cord-304176-yloqrblw cord-309294-ax6sr3zr cord-303904-8ubm0kig cord-301592-n5ns3m34 cord-299018-eo73yl4v cord-308501-z3eiac25 cord-308852-qdn04pun cord-315300-v3pxb997 cord-309577-438fotfd cord-309476-hel3h25h cord-317315-yyssvbbl cord-311853-k6efd9vg cord-316501-fl2wvhia cord-318126-gg68o52z cord-312984-rzryn3on cord-317846-str9i01o cord-320826-o6ih2f23 cord-312602-855n5av1 cord-301744-rx7ywew5 cord-315723-unhg20e9 cord-328479-1tzysg7u cord-321033-fusyx0t9 cord-322451-cwpz4akv cord-318013-5om35tu8 cord-330387-7lci44w5 cord-328068-qoz85x3r cord-321989-1enjopig cord-337854-5ogip9tz cord-334443-3pyu8ucs cord-310001-qng7h5cj cord-336591-a31oe7kc cord-335355-lcrbs2op cord-322812-9u3ptqjs cord-332786-7b6wz6i7 cord-350159-i2ig6dtr cord-305583-p2jp5fiq cord-341754-rr7ei8o2 cord-327246-idmo5ds7 cord-338333-yvm3d6xy cord-346967-br4kpm6i cord-331931-2et3gcb5 cord-350670-qk76szs0 cord-331929-rot2vgso cord-354612-7f91l0n9 cord-348129-tph0d5fl cord-337557-ct43uoir cord-347280-jpwf55l6 cord-353608-de6rrf7v cord-352111-frk319q1 cord-337835-78i6j11i cord-311766-m9yv4qkm Creating transaction Updating ent table ===== Reducing parts of speech cord-256808-lxlerb13 cord-008671-k0vda7fy cord-019982-hyxrgamj cord-256633-vls23fu5 cord-260247-akujsk0s cord-261405-n05wjimk cord-019968-o5bdb37q cord-019964-9leljj8j cord-263671-2b54qfo7 cord-257732-3xuy6tbn cord-007562-4hcs0z65 cord-264285-1sne3ng1 cord-264255-q5izs39f cord-261240-osbk041e cord-025481-ljs80v45 cord-030636-wpjmwwpu cord-257489-ruf4rzxm cord-019977-kj0eaw6v cord-010540-0zkc5w74 cord-030594-xhp8kin0 cord-265504-yq9wsugy cord-008676-35dgybwy cord-273751-61eeykj1 cord-254635-gtgahlqm cord-008695-y7il3hyb cord-010536-9ea7vvsz cord-266033-gbx48scp cord-027498-cfzfgzqi cord-271957-osaycpe8 cord-260925-puuqv6zk cord-281984-en9825p9 cord-264302-8vo5psgm cord-282053-ftjx29lw cord-265772-diahoew3 cord-277705-6lgt2i7f cord-255174-h1izji2g cord-287030-xzothuf7 cord-276991-gv1k7u7j cord-267621-oc8bw7ft cord-288366-xe3pxrhv cord-286014-cc99e24x cord-287823-avi14ee5 cord-288814-1zayb21f cord-008686-9ybxuy00 cord-280544-1rhu478r cord-269389-x8i5x62v cord-026603-h4zy3244 cord-280350-ay4cnzn5 cord-280188-gir0y1m1 cord-276328-08ava9ni cord-282499-baia5prj cord-285179-26ey3fm8 cord-274558-1k7bi6ng cord-008672-luoxomif cord-283758-0z3jwwby cord-281130-9tawihti cord-280829-juu8d60q cord-025482-9iy4fxd5 cord-276345-xsjh3766 cord-298639-v9yg80jw cord-290066-umthoftd cord-288010-i9zrojoo cord-291750-4s93wniq cord-284853-6efhdogi cord-292201-e7k7gn9q cord-282821-qvtvpnrr cord-301491-frv4c5ny cord-289169-3u7qgxud cord-282433-p6jl9gxf cord-277763-ihg3te63 cord-295074-fsbp4fky cord-266036-qhlo99l7 cord-008678-zi3aunqz cord-291561-sxvgue36 cord-290385-0smnl70i cord-305462-2wz1f6k6 cord-284862-nhihxog0 cord-302855-wwg6x1df cord-289364-p31gt533 cord-303904-8ubm0kig cord-307333-n6jc0jy3 cord-292451-2tpef19n cord-299018-eo73yl4v cord-308501-z3eiac25 cord-304176-yloqrblw cord-304787-fohgekp4 cord-310001-qng7h5cj cord-309476-hel3h25h cord-318126-gg68o52z cord-316501-fl2wvhia cord-318013-5om35tu8 cord-315300-v3pxb997 cord-309577-438fotfd cord-327246-idmo5ds7 cord-328068-qoz85x3r cord-353608-de6rrf7v cord-341754-rr7ei8o2 cord-338333-yvm3d6xy cord-354612-7f91l0n9 cord-331931-2et3gcb5 cord-347280-jpwf55l6 cord-336591-a31oe7kc cord-321989-1enjopig cord-348129-tph0d5fl cord-332786-7b6wz6i7 cord-330387-7lci44w5 cord-335355-lcrbs2op cord-322812-9u3ptqjs cord-293714-s6ezxi5r cord-301592-n5ns3m34 cord-300038-1fjb6b8e cord-328479-1tzysg7u cord-352111-frk319q1 cord-350670-qk76szs0 cord-337557-ct43uoir cord-317846-str9i01o cord-331929-rot2vgso cord-315723-unhg20e9 cord-337854-5ogip9tz cord-346967-br4kpm6i cord-337835-78i6j11i cord-308852-qdn04pun cord-320826-o6ih2f23 cord-278225-d0gxb6bx cord-305583-p2jp5fiq cord-317315-yyssvbbl cord-350159-i2ig6dtr cord-301744-rx7ywew5 cord-281753-neur9nmc cord-334443-3pyu8ucs cord-321033-fusyx0t9 cord-311766-m9yv4qkm cord-252980-1e28zj1d cord-291181-u2t20mgi cord-312984-rzryn3on cord-311853-k6efd9vg cord-312602-855n5av1 cord-303763-2784hze3 cord-007926-um2khqhn cord-254556-1zthrgy1 cord-305330-mklkugj5 cord-254512-dct045kl cord-266564-imj1lcy9 cord-025980-85jbwmfv cord-309294-ax6sr3zr cord-291960-1is0rv6c cord-322451-cwpz4akv cord-266455-rbblg4pu cord-270258-9vgpphiu Creating transaction Updating pos table Building ./etc/reader.txt cord-008695-y7il3hyb cord-347280-jpwf55l6 cord-257732-3xuy6tbn cord-280350-ay4cnzn5 cord-270258-9vgpphiu cord-286014-cc99e24x number of items: 149 sum of words: 252,818 average size in words: 2,006 average readability score: 52 nouns: patients; infection; study; influenza; virus; disease; children; cases; pneumonia; coronavirus; risk; data; studies; infections; treatment; days; analysis; viruses; results; years; age; detection; samples; symptoms; hospital; group; time; syndrome; mortality; patient; illness; diagnosis; fever; case; pandemic; care; blood; rate; test; authors; therapy; use; number; outbreak; malaria; transmission; health; tests; control; population verbs: using; associated; including; reported; shown; infect; identified; detected; increase; found; based; following; compared; caused; performed; considered; suggested; require; developed; related; confirmed; present; occur; collected; tested; observe; provide; give; see; received; treated; indicates; reduce; taken; obtain; remain; determine; need; evaluated; described; according; demonstrated; hospitalized; lead; isolated; aged; assessed; admit; support; improved adjectives: respiratory; clinical; severe; acute; viral; positive; high; human; covid-19; non; higher; first; novel; negative; different; significant; bacterial; infectious; lower; common; specific; diagnostic; available; potential; possible; low; early; anti; new; similar; important; recent; medical; chronic; likely; asymptomatic; nasopharyngeal; rapid; key; previous; many; pulmonary; present; molecular; initial; oral; immune; antiviral; several; mild adverbs: also; however; significantly; respectively; well; therefore; previously; even; highly; still; particularly; recently; especially; critically; often; less; currently; furthermore; moreover; together; usually; frequently; rapidly; first; commonly; directly; now; encephalitis; approximately; relatively; later; clinically; potentially; rather; prior; far; least; severely; generally; statistically; nevertheless; mainly; closely; worldwide; yet; much; initially; always; newly; alone pronouns: we; it; our; their; they; its; them; i; she; her; he; his; us; themselves; itself; one; your; him; you; my; me; artemetherelumefantrine; nsp15; isg56-mrnas; αvβ6; yn_im08; sick/; ours; mg; io8; i93os; epa)registered; covid-19，they; cord-348129-tph0d5fl proper nouns: SARS; CoV-2; COVID-19; PCR; China; CoV; •; CMV; RSV; Table; Wuhan; MERS; UK; J; RT; Health; Fig; DOI; C; HCoV; Coronavirus; HRV; IFN; RNA; Zika; ILI; A; S.; CT; KS; ICU; Hospital; Kawasaki; ZIKV; mg; H1N1; S; sha; OC43; nan; HBoV; HIV; Disease; East; DNA; Hong; Kong; March; EMC; B keywords: sars; covid-19; patient; china; virus; pcr; test; taiwan; rsv; respiratory; mers; infection; severe; rotavirus; pneumonia; oc43; influenza; icu; hrv; hiv; h1n1; east; disease; child; case; zikv; zika; wave; water; vp1; vap; vaccination; traveler; table; staph; ssa; singapore; shbv; sari; sar; saliva; salaam; quarantine; ptx3; pneumoniae; pneumocystis; plasmodium; pjp; pharyngitis; pandemic one topic; one dimension: patients file(s): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7127192/ titles(s): The continuous evolution and dissemination of 2019 novel human coronavirus three topics; one dimension: patients; influenza; patients file(s): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.08.043, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7133687/, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445316000475 titles(s): The Estimation of Diagnostic Accuracy of Tests for COVID-19: A Scoping Review | Pandemic Flu: Clinical management of patients with an influenza-like illness during an influenza pandemic | UK malaria treatment guidelines 2016 five topics; three dimensions: patients covid respiratory; influenza patients children; covid sars cov; malaria patients infection; sars virus infection file(s): https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0163445319300581, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7133687/, https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0163445320302449, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445316000475, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016344531600061X titles(s): Pulmonary cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA shedding in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: Implications for the diagnosis of CMV pneumonia | Pandemic Flu: Clinical management of patients with an influenza-like illness during an influenza pandemic | Dynamic profile for the detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using four immunochromatographic assays | UK malaria treatment guidelines 2016 | Zika fever and congenital Zika syndrome: An unexpected emerging arboviral disease Type: cord title: journal-jInfect-cord date: 2021-05-30 time: 15:05 username: emorgan patron: Eric Morgan email: emorgan@nd.edu input: facet_journal:"J Infect" ==== make-pages.sh htm files ==== make-pages.sh complex files ==== make-pages.sh named enities ==== making bibliographics id: cord-341754-rr7ei8o2 author: Aitken, Tess title: Rethinking pandemic preparation: Global Health Security Index (GHSI) is predictive of COVID-19 burden, but in the opposite direction date: 2020-05-08 words: 913.0 sentences: 65.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-341754-rr7ei8o2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341754-rr7ei8o2.txt summary: title: Rethinking pandemic preparation: Global Health Security Index (GHSI) is predictive of COVID-19 burden, but in the opposite direction In the wake of the Ebola outbreak in 2014, the Global Health Security Index (GHSI) was developed with the aim of gauging countries'' capacity to deal with infectious disease outbreaks. 4 We analysed the association between GHSI and COVID-19 burden, represented by numbers of tests confirmed cases and deaths per million people per day since the first confirmed case in each country. Secondly, we used a generalised linear model (GLM) to determine the association between GHSI and confirmed cases and deaths per million people per day, with adjustment for testing rate, population median age and proportion of females. After adjusting for testing rate, median age and the proportion of females, a positive association was also observed between GHSI and COVID-19 cases and deaths, with the biggest burden borne by countries at the highest quartile of GHSI. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32437727/ doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.001 id: cord-289364-p31gt533 author: AlFehaidi, Alanoud title: A case of SARS-CoV-2 re-infection date: 2020-10-25 words: 965.0 sentences: 73.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-289364-p31gt533.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289364-p31gt533.txt summary: Different reports have proposed the reactivation of SARS-CoV-2 infection, with 2 RT-PCR positive results following resolving symptoms and interim RT-PCR negative results [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] . Early studies reported that re-detectable positive virus nucleic acid among patients with SARS-CoV-2 with an average duration of 15 days from discharge to a re-positive results 13 . Patients in those early reports did not show signs of infection with the second positive results and had negative swab results within one week later. The COCOREC (Collaborative study COvid RECurrences) study suggested that recurrence of infection is likely if the patient has two confirmed SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positive results over 15 days apart with one major clinical sign and no other cause to explain the symptoms. Recurrence of positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA in COVID-19: A case report abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.10.019 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.10.019 id: cord-328068-qoz85x3r author: Alanio, Alexandre title: The presence of Pneumocystis jirovecii in critically ill patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-11-04 words: 1383.0 sentences: 87.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328068-qoz85x3r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328068-qoz85x3r.txt summary: title: The presence of Pneumocystis jirovecii in critically ill patients with COVID-19 3 Since pneumocystosis is usually reported in patients with T-cell immunodepression, 4 less attention has been paid to Pneumocystis jirovecii in non-immunocompromised ICU patients although it accounts for 7% of the co-infections reported in those admitted with Influenza. jirovecii acid nucleic detection in respiratory specimens sampled to identify co-infections in COVID-19 patients in the ICU. All consecutive patients admitted to the ICU between 2020/03/15 and 2020/05/01 with a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR (Cobas ® SARS-CoV-2 Test, Roche, France) and ≥1 respiratory sample (bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), tracheal aspirate, sputum) sent to the mycology department. jirovecii RTqPCR-negative patients, higher B-D-glucan concentrations (450 and 500pg/ml) lead to the diagnosis of pulmonary aspergillosis, another fungal infection of risk in COVID-19 patients. jirovecii-positive pulmonary samples is observed in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Diagnostic accuracy of serum (1-3)-β-D-glucan for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445320306940?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.10.034 id: cord-337835-78i6j11i author: Alfaraj, Sarah H. title: The impact of co-infection of influenza A virus on the severity of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus date: 2017-02-09 words: 1534.0 sentences: 115.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337835-78i6j11i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337835-78i6j11i.txt summary: title: The impact of co-infection of influenza A virus on the severity of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 1 We present four cases of combined infection with influenza and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection. A nasopharyngeal swab was positive for MERS-CoV with Ct value upE gene 37; ORF1A 36 and negative for Influenza. A nasopharyngeal swab was positive for MERS-CoV with Ct value upE gene 37; ORF1A 36 and negative for Influenza. A repeat swab after 3 days was negative for MERS-CoV but positive for influenza A. The NLST worked with the FES teams in the North West (NW) and West Midlands (WMids) regions of England to audit the reporting of Legionella cases with onset dates during each calendar year between 2012 and 2014, inclusive. WHO guidelines for investigation of cases of human infection with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445317300488 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2017.02.001 id: cord-280829-juu8d60q author: Anathallee, Mohammad title: Emergency departments (EDs) in the United Kingdom (UK) are not prepared for emerging biological threats and bioterrorism date: 2006-06-09 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the preparedness of emergency departments (EDs) in the United Kingdom (UK) for the management of potential biological incidents. METHODS: We telephoned all hospitals in the UK listed as having a major ED. We surveyed their ED facilities and procedures for managing patients with infectious diseases. We determined how many of the EDs had an isolation room available and, if present, whether this had an independent ventilation system and separate access from outside the ED. In addition, we determined how many of the EDs would isolate patients with suspected cases of chickenpox, tuberculosis (TB), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and other suspicious infections. RESULTS: We obtained complete data from 203 (79%) of the 257 hospitals approached. Only 49 (24%) of these hospitals had isolation facilities available in the ED. Of these 49 EDs, 30 (61%) reported an independent ventilation system and 18 (37%) reported a separate access from outside the ED. The majority of EDs would isolate patients with potential infectious diseases, however, 47 (23%) would not isolate patients with suspected chickenpox, 37 (18%) EDS would not isolate patients with suspected TB, 12 (6%) EDS would not isolate patients with suspected SARS and 55 (27%) EDS would not isolate patients with other suspicious infections. CONCLUSION: EDs in the UK are not prepared for emerging biological threats and bioterrorism. With current facilities and procedures it is highly likely that an infectious agent will spread to staff and other patients in any future biological incident. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445306001393 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2006.03.034 id: cord-265504-yq9wsugy author: Anim, Desmond Ofosu title: Water scarcity and COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa date: 2020-05-21 words: 1145.0 sentences: 64.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-265504-yq9wsugy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-265504-yq9wsugy.txt summary: In this paper, we highlight the issues that characterize water services amid the COVID-19 pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and discuss avenues for improving water management during this pandemic and future infectious disease outbreaks. In response to the promotion of hand hygiene by the World Health Organization (WHO) and national public health agencies as a means to curbing the spread of COVID-19, Water Service Providers (WSP) in most developed countries have outlined drastic measures with the goal of ensuring continuous provision of essential water and sewerage services to all during this pandemic. Nevertheless, across many SSA countries where inequalities in access to safe water is pervasive [6] , there is a need to be worried in light of COVID-19 pandemic. Ensuring affordable access to safe water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services is important to address the current COVID-19 and future pandemics. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445320303121?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.032 id: cord-008676-35dgybwy author: Armero, Georgina title: Severe respiratory disease with rhinovirus detection: Role of bacteria in the most severe cases date: 2016-08-05 words: 1439.0 sentences: 87.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-008676-35dgybwy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-008676-35dgybwy.txt summary: We read with interest a recent paper in this Journal about how the nasopharyngeal bacterial burden may influence in the severity in infants with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis. 1 We performed a study which aim was to analyze the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of patients with severe lower-respiratory-tract infection (LRTI) with Rhinovirus (RV) detection in comparison to the patients without RV detection in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), and the role of viral and/or bacterial codetections as risk factors of severity. 3, 5 No differences in severity (requirements of ventilatory support, length of ventilatory support and PICU stay) were found between patients infected with RV and patients with other viral detections. 1 We feel that bacterial carriage in children with virus infection influences either in predisposing to bacterial pneumonia more easily (but 2 of 9 patients in our study do not fulfilled this criteria) or to suffer a greater airway inflammation such as Yu et al. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7133628/ doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2016.07.010 id: cord-276345-xsjh3766 author: Arshad, Yasir title: Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in ophthalmic secretions in Pakistan: A preliminary report date: 2020-08-25 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32853603/ doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.08.035 id: cord-266036-qhlo99l7 author: Axell-House, Dierdre B. title: The Estimation of Diagnostic Accuracy of Tests for COVID-19: A Scoping Review date: 2020-08-31 words: 5760.0 sentences: 318.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266036-qhlo99l7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266036-qhlo99l7.txt summary: OBJECTIVES: To assess the methodologies used in the estimation of diagnostic accuracy of SARS-CoV-2 real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) and other nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) and to evaluate the quality and reliability of the studies employing those methods. After its emergence in December 2019, the virus now known as SARS-CoV-2 was identified and sequenced in early January 2020, 1 allowing for the rapid development of diagnostic testing based on the detection of viral nucleic acid (i.e., real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction [rRT-PCR]). Articles were included if they met the following criteria on screening: 1) Peer-reviewed publication, 2) Study evaluated diagnostic test accuracy of NAAT, 3) Diagnostic test performed on ≥10 patients, 4) Diagnostic/Clinical sensitivity, specificity, other correlative statistics, or test positive rate were either identified by name or were included in the publication as a numerical value and we could reproduce the calculations. abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the methodologies used in the estimation of diagnostic accuracy of SARS-CoV-2 real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) and other nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) and to evaluate the quality and reliability of the studies employing those methods. METHODS: We conducted a systematic search of English-language articles published December 31, 2019-June 19, 2020. Studies of any design that performed tests on ≥10 patients and reported or inferred correlative statistics were included. Studies were evaluated using elements of the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) guidelines. RESULTS: We conducted a narrative and tabular synthesis of studies organized by their reference standard strategy or comparative agreement method, resulting in six categorizations. Critical study details were frequently unreported, including the mechanism for patient/sample selection and researcher blinding to results, which lead to concern for bias. CONCLUSIONS: Current studies estimating test performance characteristics have imperfect study design and statistical methods for the estimation of test performance characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 tests. The included studies employ heterogeneous methods and overall have an increased risk of bias. Employing standardized guidelines for study designs and statistical methods will improve the process for developing and validating rRT-PCR and NAAT for the diagnosis of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.08.043 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.08.043 id: cord-257732-3xuy6tbn author: Azzi, Lorenzo title: Saliva is a reliable tool to detect SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-04-14 words: 3510.0 sentences: 201.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-257732-3xuy6tbn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-257732-3xuy6tbn.txt summary: OBJECTIVES: This study analyzed salivary samples of COVID-19 patients and compared the results with their clinical and laboratory data. At present, Real Time reverse transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (rRT-PCR) on respiratory specimens represents the gold standard test for detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection. 10 , 11 Sputum and oropharyngeal secretions have recently been suggested as a possible target for the molecular diagnosis of COVID-19, 12 and salivary droplets represent the main source of the human-to-human transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 infection when social distance is less than 2 m. There were not significant differences regarding the clinical and anamnestic history between males and females, with the only exception of the values of serum LDH, which were higher in the female patients'' haematochemical analyses carried out on the day of saliva collection ( p = 0.025). abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study analyzed salivary samples of COVID-19 patients and compared the results with their clinical and laboratory data. METHODS: Salivary samples of 25 COVID-19 patients were analyzed by rRT-PCR. The following data were collected: age, sex, comorbidities, drugs. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and ultrasensitive reactive C protein (usRCP) values were registered on the same day when a salivary swab was collected. Prevalence of positivity in saliva and association between clinical data and the cycle threshold as a semiquantitative indicator of viral load were considered. RESULTS: Twenty-five subjects were recruited into this study, 17 males and 8 females. The mean age was 61.5 +/− 11.2 years. Cardiovascular and/or dysmetabolic disorders were observed in 65.22% of cases. All the samples tested positive for the presence of SARS-CoV-2, while there was an inverse association between LDH and Ct values. Two patients showed positive salivary results on the same days when their pharyngeal or respiratory swabs showed conversion. CONCLUSIONS: Saliva is a reliable tool to detect SARS-CoV-2. The role of saliva in COVID-19 diagnosis could not be limited to a qualitative detection of the virus, but it may also provide information about the clinical evolution of the disease. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32298676/ doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.04.005 id: cord-305462-2wz1f6k6 author: Beckham, J. David title: Respiratory viral infections in patients with chronic, obstructive pulmonary disease date: 2004-09-22 words: 3215.0 sentences: 191.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305462-2wz1f6k6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305462-2wz1f6k6.txt summary: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the present study was to apply reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assays to clinical specimens collected from patients with acute respiratory illness and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS: One hundred and ninety-four samples from two different study cohorts were analysed using RT-PCR assays for picornaviruses, coronaviruses 229E and OC43, influenza A and B viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza types 1–3 viruses, and human metapneumovirus and a PCR assay for adenoviruses. 11 The number of respiratory viral infections identified in asthmatic patients with acute exacerbations of disease increase significantly when RT-PCR assays are used in addition to other diagnostic methods. 3 In order to extend our understanding of the prevalence of respiratory viral infection in acute respiratory illnesses in patients with COPD, we used RT-PCR assays to evaluate samples from the previous two prospective studies for evidence of respiratory virus infection. abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the present study was to apply reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assays to clinical specimens collected from patients with acute respiratory illness and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS: One hundred and ninety-four samples from two different study cohorts were analysed using RT-PCR assays for picornaviruses, coronaviruses 229E and OC43, influenza A and B viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza types 1–3 viruses, and human metapneumovirus and a PCR assay for adenoviruses. The results were added to results obtained previously using cell culture and serologic methods. RESULTS: RT-PCR assays identified an additional 35 respiratory virus-associated illnesses not identified previously by cell culture or serology (n=46). Picornaviruses and coronaviruses were the most common viral infections identified only by RT-PCR. Overall, 41.8% of the acute respiratory illnesses evaluated were associated with a respiratory virus infection, with picornaviruses, coronaviruses and influenza viruses being the most common infections recognized. No human metapneumovirus infections were identified by RT-PCR assay. CONCLUSIONS: Respiratory viral infections are commonly associated with acute respiratory illness in COPD patients, and the use of RT-PCR assays significantly increases the ability to diagnose these infections. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15845430/ doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2004.07.011 id: cord-261240-osbk041e author: Bermejo-Martin, Jesús F title: Lymphopenic community acquired pneumonia as signature of severe COVID-19 infection date: 2020-03-05 words: 969.0 sentences: 55.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261240-osbk041e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261240-osbk041e.txt summary: The presence of lymphopenia as a signature of severe COVID-19 was confirmed by Wang D et al., who, in their study published in JAMA, reported that ICU patients suffering this infection had a median lymphocyte count of 800 cells/mm [3] , with non survivors exhibiting persistent lymphopenia [4] . Interestingly, hypercytokinemia and lymphopenia were also evident in critical patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome due to the Coronavirus emerged in 2003 (SARS-CoV) [5 , 6] . These features (lymphopenia + hypercytokinemia) fit the characteristics of a particular immunological phenotype of community acquired pneumonia (CAP), lymphopenic CAP (L-CAP), which, as we recently demonstrated in an article published in the Journal of Infection, is associated with increased severity, mortality and a dysregulated immunological response [7] . Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445320301109 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.029 id: cord-007562-4hcs0z65 author: Bijlenga, G. title: Proposal for vaccination against SARS coronavirus using avian infectious bronchitis virus strain H from The Netherlands date: 2005-07-19 words: 1786.0 sentences: 105.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-007562-4hcs0z65.txt txt: ./txt/cord-007562-4hcs0z65.txt summary: title: Proposal for vaccination against SARS coronavirus using avian infectious bronchitis virus strain H from The Netherlands HBV DNA testing by NAT of all the collected units of blood should be adopted by all the blood banks, in order to possibly achieve zero risk of transfusion transmitted HBV infection and also to reduce the rejection rate of the precious units of collected blood by testing for anti HBc. The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003 has resulted in a number of infections and deaths among healthcare workers (HCWs) and those in contact with SARS-infected persons. Development and use of the H strain of avian infectious bronchitis virus from The Netherlands as a vaccine: a review Severe acute respiratory syndrome vaccine development: experiences of vaccination against avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus The carboxyl-terminal 120-residue polypeptide of infectious bronchitis virus nucleocapsid induces cytotoxic T lymphocytes and protect chickens from acute infection abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7119113/ doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2005.04.010 id: cord-330387-7lci44w5 author: Bird, Paul title: High SARS-CoV-2 infection rates in respiratory staff nurses and correlation of COVID-19 symptom patterns with PCR positivity and relative viral loads date: 2020-06-18 words: 1294.0 sentences: 82.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-330387-7lci44w5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-330387-7lci44w5.txt summary: title: High SARS-CoV-2 infection rates in respiratory staff nurses and correlation of COVID-19 symptom patterns with PCR positivity and relative viral loads Similarly, another study from Leicester, UK compared hospitalised and community patient SARS-CoV-2 PCR (polymerase chain reaction) positivity rates with that of staff, 2 but again, did not assess which staff groups or clinical specialties were at most risk of acquiring COVID-19. In addition, we compared the SARS-CoV-2 PCR positivity rate against ethnicity for both the HCW and household contacts combined (Fig. 1C) . 8 We then compared the SARS-CoV-2 PCR positivity rates against various demographic parameters, ethnicity and symptom patterns in both the HCWs and household contacts (n=47, Table 1 ). In summary, we have compared the SARS-CoV-2 PCR positivity rates in this HCW and household contact cohort, across different clinical roles and specialties, ethnic groups, and explored the correlation between their symptom patterns and swab viral loads. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.035 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.035 id: cord-320826-o6ih2f23 author: Blairon, Laurent title: Large-scale, molecular and serological SARS-CoV-2 screening of healthcare workers in a 4-site public hospital in Belgium after COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-07-31 words: 862.0 sentences: 56.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-320826-o6ih2f23.txt txt: ./txt/cord-320826-o6ih2f23.txt summary: title: Large-scale, molecular and serological SARS-CoV-2 screening of healthcare workers in a 4-site public hospital in Belgium after COVID-19 outbreak We read with great interest the study of Chen Y et al., who analyzed, during the Chinese epidemic peak, the seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among 105 healthcare workers (HCWs) exposed to COVID-19 patients [1] . Our purpose was to document at the end of the Belgium epidemic the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in HCWs exposed to COVID-19 at varying degrees and to compare these rates with those observed by other teams worldwide. On the same day, all asymptomatic HCWs who agreed to participate benefited from both serological and RT-qPCR SARS-CoV-2 tests. High SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence among healthcare workers exposed to COVID-19 patients SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody detection in healthcare workers in Germany with direct contact to COVID-19 patients COVID-19 study: 8,4% of Belgian health workers have antibodies to SARS-COV-2 n abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445320305144?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.07.033 id: cord-346967-br4kpm6i author: Bongiovanni, Marco title: Acute hepatitis caused by asymptomatic COVID-19 infection date: 2020-09-03 words: 924.0 sentences: 60.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-346967-br4kpm6i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346967-br4kpm6i.txt summary: Acute liver injury at admission is a quite common finding in subjects affected by COVID-19 pneumonia (5) ; although the elevation of aminotransferases is usually mild, it seems associated with disease severity. In particular, it has been demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 infection in the liver directly contributes to hepatic impairment in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia (6) . We report here the case of a young woman diagnosed with COVID-19 infection in absence of respiratory symptoms, presenting at the admission with significant elevation of liver function tests compatible with acute hepatitis. (8) described a non-icteric, acute hepatitis in an HIV-infected woman, but their patient developed overt respiratory symptoms in the hours immediately following diagnosis and also had other possible causes of liver tests abnormalities such as the use of concomitant drugs and a fair number of comorbidities. Mild-to moderate liver test abnormalities are becoming a frequent finding in subjects admitted to hospital for COVID-19 infection. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0163445320305867 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.09.001 id: cord-019982-hyxrgamj author: Brookfield, D.S.K. title: Viruses demonstrated in children in Tanzania: Studies in diarrhoea and measles date: 2005-04-14 words: 1906.0 sentences: 104.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-019982-hyxrgamj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-019982-hyxrgamj.txt summary: authors: Brookfield, D.S.K.; Cosgrove, B.P.; Bell, E.J.; Madeley, C.R. title: Viruses demonstrated in children in Tanzania: Studies in diarrhoea and measles Causes of diarrhoea with particular reference to viral agents were investigated in 123 infants and young children in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The pattern of virus infection causing infantile diarrhoea was similar in Dar es Salaam to other parts of the world. The present study attempted to investigate the viruses associated with diarrhoea in Dares Salaam and, since electron microscopy was considered essential, the study was limited to the number of stools that could be sent in one consignment by air to Scotland. Examination of stools from 26 cases of measles failed to implicate any particular virus as a likely cause of the associated diarrhoea. However the diarrhoea associated with measles in Tanzanian children does not appear to be caused by any of the electron microscopically detectable viruses. abstract: Causes of diarrhoea with particular reference to viral agents were investigated in 123 infants and young children in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Twenty-six of the patients also had measles. Viruses were found in 52 of the 123 patients (43 per cent) and rotavirus occurred in 38 children (31 per cent). Enteroviruses were found in 10 patients, adenoviruses in nine and ‘small round virus’ in one (six patients had dual infection). Four patients died and only one of these children had viral particles in the stools. Breast milk formed part or all of the diet in 77 children (63 per cent) and virus isolation showed a similar pattern in breast fed infants and those not receiving breast milk. In 26 patients with measles only five were excreting viruses in their stools. Therefore no strong evidence was found to link the diarrhoea associated with measles in Tanzanian children to any particular virus. The pattern of virus infection causing infantile diarrhoea was similar in Dar es Salaam to other parts of the world. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7133693/ doi: 10.1016/s0163-4453(79)91285-4 id: cord-295074-fsbp4fky author: Broor, Shobha title: Rates of respiratory virus-associated hospitalization in children aged <5 years in rural northern India date: 2013-11-21 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: OBJECTIVES: Though respiratory viruses are thought to cause substantial morbidity globally in children aged <5 years, the incidence of severe respiratory virus infections in children is unknown in India where 20% of the world's children live. METHODS: During August 2009–July 2011, prospective population-based surveillance was conducted for hospitalizations of children aged <5 years in a rural community in Haryana State. Clinical data and respiratory specimens were collected. Swabs were tested by RT-PCR for influenza and parainfluenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus, coronaviruses, and adenovirus. Average annual hospitalization incidence was calculated using census data and adjusted for hospitalizations reported to occur at non-study hospitals according to a comunity healthcare utilization survey. RESULTS: Of 245 hospitalized children, respiratory viruses were detected among 98 (40%), of whom 92 (94%) had fever or respiratory symptoms. RSV accounted for the highest virus-associated hospitalization incidence (34.6/10,000, 95% CI 26.3–44.7) and 20% of hospitalizations. There were 11.8/10,000 (95% CI 7.9–18.4) influenza-associated hospitalizations (7% of hospitalizations). RSV and influenza virus detection peaked in winter (November–February) and rainy seasons (July), respectively. CONCLUSION: Respiratory viruses were associated with a substantial proportion of hospitalizations among young children in a rural Indian community. Public health research and prevention in India should consider targeting RSV and influenza in young children. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2013.11.005 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2013.11.005 id: cord-309476-hel3h25h author: Brown, Julianne R. title: Encephalitis diagnosis using metagenomics: application of next generation sequencing for undiagnosed cases date: 2018-01-02 words: 5816.0 sentences: 290.0 pages: flesch: 38.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309476-hel3h25h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309476-hel3h25h.txt summary: This included two cases of human parvovirus 4 (PARV4), 28 first described in 2005 when it was associated with a viraemic patient in whom an acute viral infection was suspected 49 ; one case of human coronavirus OC-43, 43 typically a human respiratory pathogen never previously described in a human case of encephalitis but known to cause encephalitis in mice 50 ; one case of human astrovirus MLB1, 46 of mumps vaccine virus in a child who was vaccinated prior to a primary immunodeficiency diagnosis. As with other molecular tests, including PCR which has become the gold standard of virological diagnostics, results from metagenomics applied to cases of encephalitis should be interpreted in the context of other clinical and laboratory findings, particularly when a novel or unexpected organism is detected. abstract: BACKGROUND: Current estimates suggest that even in the most resourced settings, the aetiology of encephalitis is identified in less than half of clinical cases. It is acknowledged that filling this gap needs a combination of rigorous sampling and improved diagnostic technologies. Next generation sequencing (NGS) methods are powerful tools with the potential for comprehensive and unbiased detection of pathogens in clinical samples. We reviewed the use of this new technology for the diagnosis of suspected infectious encephalitis, and discuss the feasibility for introduction of NGS methods as a frontline diagnostic test. METHODS: A systematic literature review was performed, using MESH and text word searches for variants of “sequencing” and “encephalitis” in Medline and EMbase, and searching bibliographies and citations using the Web of Science database. Two authors independently reviewed, extracted and summarised data. FINDINGS: The review identified 25 articles reporting 44 case reports of patients with suspected encephalitis for whom NGS was used as a diagnostic tool. We present the data and highlight themes arising from these cases. There are no randomly controlled trials to assess the utility of NGS as a diagnostic tool. INTERPRETATION: There is increasing evidence of a role for NGS in the work-up of undiagnosed encephalitis. Lower costs and increasing accessibility of these technologies will facilitate larger studies of these patients. We recommend NGS should be considered as a front-line diagnostic test in chronic and recurring presentations and, given current sample-to-result turn-around times, as second-line in acute cases of encephalitis. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445317304139 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2017.12.014 id: cord-300038-1fjb6b8e author: Cantini, Fabrizio title: Baricitinib therapy in COVID-19: A pilot study on safety and clinical impact date: 2020-04-23 words: 1261.0 sentences: 81.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-300038-1fjb6b8e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300038-1fjb6b8e.txt summary: According to a recent report 3 , COVID-19, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, is characterized by three clinical patterns: no symptoms, mild to moderate disease, severe pneumonia requiring admission to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in up to 31% of the patients 3 . On this basis, we assessed the safety of baricitinib therapy combined with lopinavir-ritonavir in moderate COVID-19 pneumonia patients and we evaluated its clinical impact. All consecutive hospitalized patients (March 16 th -30 th ) with moderate COVID-19 pneumonia, older than 18 years, were treated for 2 weeks with baricitinib tablets 4 mg/day added to ritonavirlopinavir therapy. The last consecutive patients with moderate COVID-19 pneumonia receiving standard of care therapy (lopinavir/ritonavir tablets 250 mg/bid and hydroxychloroquine 400 mg/day/orally for 2 weeks) admitted before the date of the first baricitinib-treated patient served as controls. These preliminary results on 12 patients with moderate COVID-19 pneumonia confirmed the safety of baricitinib therapy in a clinical context different from RA 7 . abstract: • Baricitinib at 4 mg/day/orally was given to 12 patients with moderate COVID-19. • In baricitinib-treated patients no adverse events were recorded, after 2 weeks. • Clinical and respiratory parameters significantly improved at 2 weeks. • None of the baricitinib-treated patients required admission to ICU. • Proper control group was missing; this is required to demonstrate the efficacy. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.04.017 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.04.017 id: cord-280350-ay4cnzn5 author: Chan, Jasper F.W. title: Broad-spectrum antivirals for the emerging Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus date: 2013-10-03 words: 5156.0 sentences: 259.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280350-ay4cnzn5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280350-ay4cnzn5.txt summary: We then assessed the anti-MERS-CoV activities of the identified compounds and of interferons, nelfinavir, and lopinavir because of their reported anti-coronavirus activities in terms of cytopathic effect inhibition, viral yield reduction, and plaque reduction assays in Biosafety Level-3 laboratory. Given the limited time available to develop novel anti-MERS-CoV agents in this evolving epidemic, we attempted to provide an alternative solution by identifying potential broad-spectrum antiviral agents against MERS-CoV and influenza A viruses by a small compound-based forward chemical genetics approach using chemical libraries consisting of 1280 drug compounds already marketed or having reached clinical trials in the United States, Europe, or Asia (Microsource Discovery Systems, USA). 25 We then assessed the anti-MERS-CoV activities of the identified drug compounds in cell culture by cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition, viral yield reduction, and plaque reduction assay (PRA) assays, as well as drug cytotoxicity. abstract: OBJECTIVES: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has emerged to cause fatal infections in patients in the Middle East and traveler-associated secondary cases in Europe and Africa. Person-to-person transmission is evident in outbreaks involving household and hospital contacts. Effective antivirals are urgently needed. METHODS: We used small compound-based forward chemical genetics to screen a chemical library of 1280 known drugs against influenza A virus in Biosafety Level-2 laboratory. We then assessed the anti-MERS-CoV activities of the identified compounds and of interferons, nelfinavir, and lopinavir because of their reported anti-coronavirus activities in terms of cytopathic effect inhibition, viral yield reduction, and plaque reduction assays in Biosafety Level-3 laboratory. RESULTS: Ten compounds were identified as primary hits in high-throughput screening. Only mycophenolic acid exhibited low EC(50) and high selectivity index. Additionally, ribavirin and interferons also exhibited in-vitro anti-MERS-CoV activity. The serum concentrations achievable at therapeutic doses of mycophenolic acid and interferon-β1b were 60–300 and 3–4 times higher than the concentrations at which in-vitro anti-MERS-CoV activities were demonstrated, whereas that of ribavirin was ∼2 times lower. Combination of mycophenolic acid and interferon-β1b lowered the EC(50) of each drug by 1–3 times. CONCLUSIONS: Interferon-β1b with mycophenolic acid should be considered in treatment trials of MERS. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24096239/ doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2013.09.029 id: cord-290385-0smnl70i author: Chan, Jasper F.W. title: Zika fever and congenital Zika syndrome: An unexpected emerging arboviral disease date: 2016-03-03 words: 8256.0 sentences: 479.0 pages: flesch: 45.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290385-0smnl70i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290385-0smnl70i.txt summary: Unlike its mosquito-borne relatives, such as dengue, West Nile, and Japanese encephalitis viruses, which can cause severe human diseases, Zika virus (ZIKV) has emerged from obscurity by its association with a suspected "congenital Zika syndrome", while causing asymptomatic or mild exanthematous febrile infections which are dengueor rubella-like in infected individuals. ZIKV RNA could be detected in breast milk and saliva of infected women, although replicative virus particles have not been demonstrated 78, 79 Perinatal transmission of other arboviruses, including DENV, CHIKV, WNV, and YFV, has also been reported. 115,120 74/ 8750 (0.8%) patients with suspected ZIKV infection in the French Polynesia outbreak developed neurological syndromes after presenting with a Zika fever-like illness. Zika fever-related death appears to be extremely rare but a number of probable cases have been reported, especially among immunocompromised patients and neonates with suspected congenital ZIKV infection. abstract: Unlike its mosquito-borne relatives, such as dengue, West Nile, and Japanese encephalitis viruses, which can cause severe human diseases, Zika virus (ZIKV) has emerged from obscurity by its association with a suspected “congenital Zika syndrome”, while causing asymptomatic or mild exanthematous febrile infections which are dengue- or rubella-like in infected individuals. Despite having been discovered in Uganda for almost 60 years, <20 human cases were reported before 2007. The massive epidemics in the Pacific islands associated with the ZIKV Asian lineage in 2007 and 2013 were followed by explosive outbreaks in Latin America in 2015. Although increased mosquito breeding associated with the El Niño effect superimposed on global warming is suspected, genetic changes in its RNA virus genome may have led to better adaptation to mosquitoes, other animal reservoirs, and human. We reviewed the epidemiology, clinical manifestation, virology, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, management, and prevention of this emerging infection. Laboratory diagnosis can be confounded by cross-reactivity with other circulating flaviviruses. Besides mosquito bite and transplacental transmission, the risk of other potential routes of transmission by transfusion, transplantation, sexual activity, breastfeeding, respiratory droplet, and animal bite is discussed. Epidemic control requires adequate clearance of mosquito breeding grounds, personal protection against mosquito bite, and hopefully a safe and effective vaccine. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016344531600061X doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2016.02.011 id: cord-285179-26ey3fm8 author: Chan, Kwok-Hung title: Cross-reactive antibodies in convalescent SARS patients' sera against the emerging novel human coronavirus EMC (2012) by both immunofluorescent and neutralizing antibody tests date: 2013-04-10 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: OBJECTIVES: A severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like disease due to a novel betacoronavirus, human coronavirus EMC (HCoV-EMC), has emerged recently. HCoV-EMC is phylogenetically closely related to Tylonycteris-bat-coronavirus-HKU4 and Pipistrellus-bat-coronavirus-HKU5 in Hong Kong. We conducted a seroprevalence study on archived sera from 94 game-food animal handlers at a wild life market, 28 SARS patients, and 152 healthy blood donors in Southern China to assess the zoonotic potential and evidence for intrusion of HCoV-EMC and related viruses into humans. METHODS: Anti-HCoV-EMC and anti-SARS-CoV antibodies were detected using screening indirect immunofluorescence (IF) and confirmatory neutralizing antibody tests. RESULTS: Two (2.1%) animal handlers had IF antibody titer of ≥1:20 against both HCoV-EMC and SARS-CoV with neutralizing antibody titer of <1:10. No blood donor had antibody against either virus. Surprisingly, 17/28 (60.7%) of SARS patients had significant IF antibody titers with 7/28 (25%) having anti-HCoV-EMC neutralizing antibodies at low titers which significantly correlated with that of HCoV-OC43. Bioinformatics analysis demonstrated a significant B-cell epitope overlapping the heptad repeat-2 region of Spike protein. Virulence of SARS-CoV over other betacoronaviruses may boost cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies against other betacoronaviruses. CONCLUSIONS: Convalescent SARS sera may contain cross-reactive antibodies against other betacoronaviruses and confound seroprevalence study for HCoV-EMC. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2013.03.015 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2013.03.015 id: cord-317846-str9i01o author: Chen, Dr. Xian title: Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in severe COVID-19: a retrospective study of short-term treatment efficacy and side effects date: 2020-05-15 words: 1108.0 sentences: 77.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317846-str9i01o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317846-str9i01o.txt summary: title: Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in severe COVID-19: a retrospective study of short-term treatment efficacy and side effects Therefore, diminishing the cytokine storm may be an important part of treatment in patients with severe COVID-19 [4] . On this basis, we conducted a retrospective study to evaluate the treatment efficacy and side effects of MSCs therapy on severe COVID-19. In our series, all the patients with severe COVID-19 survived and entered recovery after MSCs therapy, and only 3 patients experienced treatment side effects. Firstly, inflammation indexes, such as WBC counts and CRP were totally normal before MSCs therapy in most cases, which means that cytokine storm was mild to moderate and not serious in these cases. In conclusion, we suggested that MSCs therapy might be a promising option for the treatment of severe COVID-19, but should be used cautiously, especially in patients with metabolic acidosis or coronary heart disease. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0163445320302954 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.020 id: cord-328479-1tzysg7u author: Chen, Jianjun title: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2-Specific Antibodies in Pets in Wuhan, China date: 2020-06-21 words: 722.0 sentences: 44.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-328479-1tzysg7u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-328479-1tzysg7u.txt summary: In this study, we collected swab and blood samples from pet cats and dogs in Wuhan whose owners were confirmed to have COVID-19. Swab and whole blood samples were collected from 10 cats (four female, six male) and 9 dogs (four female, five male) (Supplementary Table 1 We then conducted telephone questionnaires with the owners of the three pets. In this study, we conducted a survey for SARS-CoV-2 in pets whose owners were diagnosed with COVID-19, in 15 communities in Wuhan. Prior to our study, a preprint of a research article posted online at bioRxiv indicated that SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies were detected in cats in Wuhan at the time of the COVID-19 epidemic (7) . In addition, pet dogs and cats in Hong Kong (8), whose owners had been diagnosed with COVID-19, tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Collectively, these results indicate the SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted to companion animals, possible through contact with owners carrying COVID-19. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32579982/ doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.045 id: cord-254512-dct045kl author: Chen, Libin title: Imported COVID-19 Cases Pose New Challenges for China date: 2020-04-10 words: 684.0 sentences: 50.0 pages: flesch: 71.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254512-dct045kl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254512-dct045kl.txt summary: Libin Chen a,b,c,d , Juncheng Cai a,b,c,d , Qiuyan Lin a,b,c,d , Bin Xiang a,b,c,d* ,and Tao That translates to a mortality rate of 9.51%, which is more than twice as high as that For China-the initial epicenter of the outbreak-two stages of the epidemic have passed ( Figure 1A ). Therefore, the conundrum regarding the control over overseas imported cases as well as the prevention of a second epidemic outbreak that is fast approaching is a problem that China needs to pay special attention to, especially after the first second-generation case imported from abroad had appeared. However, due to the lack of attention and the spread of misinformation regarding COVID-19 in many countries, the disease has seriously threatened the whole world 4 , bringing China''s epidemic to the third stage. Three stages of China''s COVID-19 epidemic The first and second stages of China''s COVID-19 epidemic. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32283157/ doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.048 id: cord-312602-855n5av1 author: Chen, Min title: Molecular identification of Cryptococcus gattii from cerebrospinal fluid using single-cell sequencing: a case study date: 2020-06-23 words: 2658.0 sentences: 158.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312602-855n5av1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312602-855n5av1.txt summary: title: Molecular identification of Cryptococcus gattii from cerebrospinal fluid using single-cell sequencing: a case study Comparing the sequence obtained from single-cell sequencing with the reference database, it was found that the infection was caused by Cryptococcus gattii sensu stricto (AFLP4/VGI genotype). Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is a life-threatening fungal infection associated with the human central nervous system (CNS), which is mainly caused by yeasts of the basidiomycetous genus Cryptococcus, particularly species that belong to the Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii complexes [5] . However, our case did not exhibit these clinical characteristics Notably, the scS technology in our study effectively and accurately generated enough sequence reads to facilitate direct detection and phylogenetic analysis of the cells of C. After further optimization of clinical sample separation, the scS technology will have great potential to accurately identify the etiologic agents of CNS-related mycoses, as well as other disease-causing fungal pathogens. abstract: A 31-year-old man presented with cryptococcal meningitis (CM) without typical clinical characteristics, but with abnormal walking, difficult leg lifting and frequent falling. He was admitted to a hospital in Beijing for two months and then transferred to Peking Union Medical College Hospital. After multiple tests failed to identify the pathogen, single-cell sequencing (scS) was used to test the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Comparing the sequence obtained from single-cell sequencing with the reference database, it was found that the infection was caused by Cryptococcus gattii sensu stricto (AFLP4/VGI genotype). Cryptococcus is difficult to cultivate from complex body fluids. The etiological agent of this patient was identified and the patient was treated. This case is the first case in which scS was used to detect and identify fungal pathogen after conventional testing failed to identify the cause of the disease. This report demonstrates that the scS approach can be used to generate fungal genome sequences directly from the CSF of a CM patient. The scS technology could become a powerful tool to precise detect microscopically visible but uncultured pathogens in clinical samples. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0163445320304217 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.040 id: cord-298639-v9yg80jw author: Chen, Yuxin title: High SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Prevalence among Healthcare Workers Exposed to COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-06-04 words: 3369.0 sentences: 178.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-298639-v9yg80jw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298639-v9yg80jw.txt summary: Risk analysis revealed that wearing face mask could reduce the infection risk (odds ratio [OR], 0.127, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.017, 0.968), while when exposed to COVID-19 patients, doctors might have higher risk of seroconversion (OR, 346.837, 95% CI 8.924, 13479.434), compared with HCWs exposed to colleagues as well as nurses and general service assistants who exposed to patients. Our study revealed that the serological testing is useful for the identification of asymptomatic or subclinical infection of SARS-CoV-2 among close contacts with COVID-19 patients. Briefly, 96-well plates were coated with 500 ng/mL of recombinant RBD or NP protein overnight, incubating with diluted were also collected and the nasopharyngeal swab samples from these patients have been repeatedly tested as negative for SARS-CoV-2 RNA at least twice at a two-day apart. Our study proved that the serological testing is useful for the identification of asymptomatic or subclinical infection of SARS-CoV-2 among close contacts with COVID-19 patients. abstract: The seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was examined among 105 healthcare workers (HCWs) exposed to four patients who were laboratory confirmed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. These HCWs were immediately under quarantine for 14 days as soon as they were identified as close contacts. The nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected on the first and 14(th) day of the quarantine, while the serum samples were obtained on the 14(th) day of the quarantine. With the assay of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and microneutralization assay, 17.14% (18/105) of HCWs were seropositive, while their swab samples were found to be SARS-CoV-2 RNA negative. Risk analysis revealed that wearing face mask could reduce the infection risk (odds ratio [OR], 0.127, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.017, 0.968), while when exposed to COVID-19 patients, doctors might have higher risk of seroconversion (OR, 346.837, 95% CI 8.924, 13479.434), compared with HCWs exposed to colleagues as well as nurses and general service assistants who exposed to patients. Our study revealed that the serological testing is useful for the identification of asymptomatic or subclinical infection of SARS-CoV-2 among close contacts with COVID-19 patients. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32504745/ doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.067 id: cord-264255-q5izs39f author: Chieochansin, Thaweesak title: Human bocavirus (HBoV) in Thailand: Clinical manifestations in a hospitalized pediatric patient and molecular virus characterization date: 2007-12-31 words: 2677.0 sentences: 175.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264255-q5izs39f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264255-q5izs39f.txt summary: title: Human bocavirus (HBoV) in Thailand: Clinical manifestations in a hospitalized pediatric patient and molecular virus characterization OBJECTIVE: Human bocavirus (HBoV), a novel virus, which based on molecular analysis has been associated with respiratory tract diseases in infants and children have recently been studied worldwide. METHODS: HBoV was detected from 302 nasopharyngeal (NP) suctions of pediatric patients with acute lower respiratory tract illness and sequenced applying molecular techniques. CONCLUSION: Our results indicated that HBoV can be detected in nasopharyngeal aspirate specimens from infants and children with acute lower respiratory tract illness. Therefore, in the present study we applied polymerase chain reaction to detect HBoV from NP suctions collected from infants or children who had been admitted with respiratory tract illness. Detection of human bocavirus in Japanese children with lower respiratory tract infection Human bocavirus DNA detected by quantitative real-time PCR in two children hospitalized for lower respiratory tract infection abstract: OBJECTIVE: Human bocavirus (HBoV), a novel virus, which based on molecular analysis has been associated with respiratory tract diseases in infants and children have recently been studied worldwide. To determine prevalence, clinical features and perform phylogenetic analysis in HBoV infected Thai pediatric patients. METHODS: HBoV was detected from 302 nasopharyngeal (NP) suctions of pediatric patients with acute lower respiratory tract illness and sequenced applying molecular techniques. RESULTS: The incidence of HBoV infection in pediatric patients amounted to 6.62% with 40% co-infected with other respiratory viruses. There were no clinical specific manifestations for HBoV; however, fever and productive cough were commonly found. Generalized rales and wheezing were detected in most of the patients as well as perihilar infiltrates. The alignment and phylogenetic analysis of partial VP1 genes showed minor variations. CONCLUSION: Our results indicated that HBoV can be detected in nasopharyngeal aspirate specimens from infants and children with acute lower respiratory tract illness. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18164764/ doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2007.11.006 id: cord-291181-u2t20mgi author: Chin, Ken Lee title: Early signs that COVID-19 is being contained in Australia date: 2020-05-01 words: 757.0 sentences: 59.0 pages: flesch: 66.0 cache: ./cache/cord-291181-u2t20mgi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-291181-u2t20mgi.txt summary: 4 In the present study, we report on the epidemiology of the COVID-19 outbreak in Australia observed thus far, as well as the predicted future numbers of cases, deaths and ICU admissions, and associated ICU costs. 5, 6 We forecasted the number of beds required for COVID-19 patients over time and its associated costs by applying the following conditions: (i) allocation of 10%, 30% and 50% of ICU beds for COVID-19; (ii) 3% (as currently observed in Australia), 5% (China) and 12% (Italy) of confirmed cases requiring intensive care 7 ; (iii) mean ICU stay between 7 and 14 days; and (iv) mean hospital stay prior to intensive care between 7 and 14 days. Based on extrapolation of trends prior to 29 March 2020, the Australian healthcare system would have been over-run by over 12,000 confirmed cases by 12 April 2020 (Supplement Figure C) . abstract: • The COVID-19 pandemic is overwhelming many national healthcare networks. • Case fatality from COVID-19 infection in Australia is between 0.4% to 3.0%. • Strict public health measures were enforced to control this outbreak in Australia. • Australia is on its way joining China and South Korea in ‘flattening the curve’. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0163445320302681 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.04.042 id: cord-303763-2784hze3 author: Choi, Seong-Ho title: Risk factors for pandemic H1N1 2009 infection in healthcare personnel of four general hospitals date: 2011-05-01 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: To characterize an outbreak of pandemic H1N1 2009 among healthcare personnel (HCP), we conducted a cross-sectional survey of HCP who had worked in four general hospitals during the outbreak. More than one-quarter of responding HCP (27.6%) had influenza-like illness (ILI) during the outbreak. The estimated infection rate of pandemic H1N1 2009 was 9.1% in the study of HCP. Independent risk factors for ILI were female gender, <40 years of age, the presence of chronic diseases associated with influenza complications, having family members with ILI or pandemic H1N1 2009, and working in influenza outpatient, influenza inpatient, non-influenza outpatient or emergency departments. During the outbreak of pandemic H1N1 2009, HCP frequently had ILI or the influenza infection. The development of the influenza infection in HCP was associated with some of their baseline characteristics, occupational risk factors, and non-occupational ones during the outbreak. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445311001186 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2011.04.009 id: cord-010536-9ea7vvsz author: Chu, Yanan title: Clinical characteristics and imaging manifestations of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A multi-center study in Wenzhou city, Zhejiang, China date: 2020-04-28 words: 918.0 sentences: 56.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-010536-9ea7vvsz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-010536-9ea7vvsz.txt summary: The authors performed a retrospective multi-center cohort study and presented important data regarding the observation that most patients of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) from Wenzhou city, Zhejiang, exhibited mild infection. No study to date has provided evidence that the clinical features of critically ill patients with confirmed COVID-19 from Zhejiang province. We performed a single-centered, retrospective, observational study to investigate the clinical characteristics and ventilation conditions of critically ill patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. From late January, 2020, to February 23, 2020, 33 critically ill patients in the ICU of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University who were diagnosed as COVID-19 in accordance with the diagnosis and treatment guidance published by the Chinese government were enrolled in the study2. The baseline epidemiological characteristics and clinical features of 33 studied patients as classified by with or without ECMO treatment, were shown in Table 1 . abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7194653/ doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.023 id: cord-350159-i2ig6dtr author: Daunt, Anna title: Validity of the UK Early Access to Medicines Scheme Criteria for Remdesivir use in patients with COVID-19 disease date: 2020-06-21 words: 981.0 sentences: 56.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350159-i2ig6dtr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350159-i2ig6dtr.txt summary: 3 An adapted version of the risk score, with twelve variables, was used to predict clinical deterioration (i.e. death or admission to critical care) in a cohort of 1,157 confirmed COVID-19 patients in one London NHS Trust. However, how the score proposed by EAMS performs in front-line settings and its implications for how many patients will likely receive Remdesivir for COVID-19 is currently unknown. According to the EAMS score, 262 (75.3%) of the eligible patients in our cohort would have been classified as high-risk and 86 (24.7%%) as low-risk. While reassuring that the scoring system seems show reasonable performance in identifying most of those at high risk of adverse outcomes in our cohort, 11.3% of those who deteriorate and met inclusion criteria were missed by this score. A clinical risk score to identify patients with COVID-19 at high risk of critical care admission or death: an observational cohort study abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445320304308?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.049 id: cord-348129-tph0d5fl author: De Deyn, Michelle Lee Zhi Qing title: A tale of two cities: a comparison of Hong Kong and Singapore''s early strategies for the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-06-25 words: 1146.0 sentences: 58.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-348129-tph0d5fl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348129-tph0d5fl.txt summary: Based on news reports and official press releases, it is evident that many Asian countries, which have successfully contained the first wave of infections, are now experiencing a second wave of imported cases from abroad and worsening local transmission 2 . After the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV) outbreak, Singapore authorities had put in place a multi-ministry taskforce and a Disease Outbreak Response System Condition (DORSCON) framework that enables the whole-of-government to respond immediately to any disease outbreak and guide interventions 5 . While Hong Kong saw her first imported case on 22 January 2020 and had taken similar pre-emptive measures prior to this 6 . The role of community-wide wearing of face mask for control of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic due to SARS-CoV-2 Confirmed imported case of novel coronavirus infection in Singapore; multi-ministry taskforce ramps up precautionary measures abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.058 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.058 id: cord-311766-m9yv4qkm author: Demey, Baptiste title: Dynamic profile for the detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using four immunochromatographic assays date: 2020-05-07 words: 1754.0 sentences: 92.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311766-m9yv4qkm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311766-m9yv4qkm.txt summary: Thus, the objective of our study was to evaluate four immunochromatographic assays for the detection of IgM and IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and to evaluate the kinetics of their detection by these LFA. We evaluated 4 immunochromatographic tests for the detection of IgM and IgG directed against SARS-CoV-2 ( Figure 1 ). Longitudinal immunochromatographic testing in all patients shows heterogeneity in the time to detection of antibodies after symptom reporting (Figure 2 ). With either IgM or IgG detection for a patient on days 5, 10 and 15 since onset of symptom, we calculated a clinical sensitivity between 9 and 24%, 67 and 82% and 100% respectively ( Figure 3B and Table 1 ). In conclusion, we described the kinetics of detection of post-symptom antibodies in 22 patients using immunochromatographic rapid tests and demonstrated the good performance of these tests for the detection of antibodies after SARS-CoV-2 infection. abstract: In order to fight the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic infection, there is a growing need and demand for diagnostic tools that are complementary and different from the RT-PCR currently in use. Multiple serological tests are or will be very soon available but need to be evaluated and validated. We have thus tested 4 immunochromatographic tests for the detection of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. In addition, we assessed the kinetics of antibody appearance using these assays in 22 patients after they were tested positive by RT-PCR. We observed great heterogeneity in antiboy detection post-symptom onset. The median antibody detection time was between 8 and 10 days according to the manufacturers. All the tests showed a sensitivity of 60 to 80% on day 10 and 100% on day 15. In addition, a single cross-reaction was observed with other human coronavirus infections. Thus, immunochromatographic tests for the detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies may have their place for the diagnostic panel of COVID-19. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0163445320302449 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.04.033 id: cord-256633-vls23fu5 author: Dimeglio, Chloé title: The SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence is the key factor for deconfinement in France date: 2020-04-29 words: 1336.0 sentences: 88.0 pages: flesch: 63.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256633-vls23fu5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256633-vls23fu5.txt summary: We have designed a model for predicting the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in France, which is based on seroprevalence and makes it possible to anticipate the deconfinement strategy. We have designed a model for predicting the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in France, which is based on seroprevalence and makes it possible to anticipate the deconfinement strategy. Our statistical model for predicting the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in France is based on a diffusion and transmission coefficient that varies with an individual''s age, the likelihood of contagion, and two administration parameters (confinement and quarantine). Figures 1.b, 1 .c, 1.d, 1.e showed predictions of new cases per day depending on the SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence before and after the containment phase. Our data indicate that seroprevalence must reach approximately 50% after total deconfinement on May 11 or a gradual exit phase over several months starting on May 11 if an infection rebound is to be avoided (Figure 1 .d, 1.e and Figure 2 .b). abstract: A new virus, SARS-CoV-2, has spread world-wide since December 2019, probably affecting millions of people and killing thousands. Failure to anticipate the spread of the virus now seriously threatens many health systems. We have designed a model for predicting the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in France, which is based on seroprevalence and makes it possible to anticipate the deconfinement strategy. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0163445320302425 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.04.031 id: cord-008686-9ybxuy00 author: Everett, Tom title: Poor transmission of seasonal cold viruses in a British Antarctic Survey base date: 2019-03-14 words: 6924.0 sentences: 362.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-008686-9ybxuy00.txt txt: ./txt/cord-008686-9ybxuy00.txt summary: However, in the acute infection stage respiratory viruses are generally present in relatively high copy numbers, with median values of mostly 4-8 log 10 (i.e. 10,0 0 0-10 0,0 0 0,0 0 0 copies/ml) for adeno-, corona-, hMPV, influenza, PIV and RSV, as reported in one comprehensive paediatric study. 2 A 26-year-old male ( index case of the outbreak report 2 ) from Kerala''s Perambra town died undiagnosed with fever, en-cephalitis and respiratory distress in Government Medical College Kozhikode(GMCK), after being transferred from Taluk Hospital, Perambra(THP). 6 Along with the wound cleansing and post-exposure rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) and vaccination, any risk of SHBV requires that high dose acyclovir (preferably valaciclovir 1 g TDS PO; or acyclovir 800 mg 5 times daily PO, for adults) PEP for at least 14 days should be considered. After the first dengue-fever epidemic in China, which occurred in May 1978 in Foshan, Guangdong Province, there have been regional outbreaks of dengue every year and the number of cases has increased. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7133657/ doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2019.03.007 id: cord-289169-3u7qgxud author: Fang, Xiaowei title: Low-dose corticosteroid therapy does not delay viral clearance in patients with COVID-1 date: 2020-04-11 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0163445320301687 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.039 id: cord-292201-e7k7gn9q author: Fodjo, Joseph Nelson Siewe title: Mass masking as a way to contain COVID-19 and exit lockdown in low- and middle-income countries date: 2020-07-17 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: In new guidelines published on June 5(th) 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that in areas with ongoing COVID-19 community transmission, governments should encourage the general public to wear face masks in specific situations and settings as part of a comprehensive approach to suppress COVID-19 transmission. Recent online surveys in 206,729 persons residing in nine low- and middle-income countries showed that 32.7%-99.7% of respondents used face masks with significantly differences across age groups and sexes. Targeted health promotion strategies and government support are required to increase mask use by the general population. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.07.015 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.07.015 id: cord-026603-h4zy3244 author: Gallo, Oreste title: “Is really the cancer population at risk for more severe COVID-19? Some hints from the cytokine profile” date: 2020-06-10 words: 960.0 sentences: 58.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-026603-h4zy3244.txt txt: ./txt/cord-026603-h4zy3244.txt summary: [1] The official death toll of the COVID-19 pandemic has reached, as of May 27th, 350 000 and it is now recognised that severe outcomes of this infection are associated to a complex dysregulated immune response to SARS-CoV-2 which clinically translates into acute respiratory distress syndrome, the cytokine release syndrome, the secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, and the disseminated intravascular coagulation. [5] On the contrary, other authors have subsequently suggested that cancer patients, because of their impaired immune system due to the tumour itself and its therapies, are expected to have a reduced systemic inflammatory response to the virus and, thus, non-inferior mortality rates. [8] Overall, our findings seem to confirm the role of age as one of the strongest prognostic factors; in addition, we suggest that cancer patients are not necessarily at higher risk for COVID-19 associated death because their impaired immune responsiveness might act as a protective factor from the cytokine storm. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7286269/ doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.011 id: cord-299018-eo73yl4v author: Gandini, O. title: Serum Ferritin as an independent risk factor for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in COVID-19 Patients in Rome Italy date: 2020-09-15 words: 758.0 sentences: 44.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-299018-eo73yl4v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299018-eo73yl4v.txt summary: title: Serum Ferritin as an independent risk factor for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in COVID-19 Patients in Rome Italy Serum samples were collected from patients upon admission before starting any treatment and tested by Laboratory Department Of all patients included, 81 patients (57%) showed mild disease (control group) and 60 (43%) showed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and systemic inflammation (severe group). 2 , panel C, D, E) Multivariate logistic regression model adjusted for several disease-related risk factors at admission, including age, sex, NLR, DD, LDH, ferritin and CRP, demonstrated that serum ferritin resulted as an independent predictor of disease severity in COVID-19 patients (OR = 1,0048, 95% CI, 1,0029 to 1,0083, P < 0,001.). We clearly demonstrated that serum levels of ferritin progressively increased with the severity of disease and correlate with poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients. Serum ferritin as an independent risk factor for severity in COVID-19 patients abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.09.006 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.09.006 id: cord-309294-ax6sr3zr author: Garrigues, Eve title: Post-discharge persistent symptoms and health-related quality of life after hospitalization for COVID-19 date: 2020-08-25 words: 1011.0 sentences: 57.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309294-ax6sr3zr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309294-ax6sr3zr.txt summary: title: Post-discharge persistent symptoms and health-related quality of life after hospitalization for COVID-19 1 However, only a few studies have assessed post-discharge persistent symptoms and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after hospitalization for COVID-19. 2, 3 Here, we describe a single-centre study assessing post-discharge persistent symptoms and HRQoL of patients hospitalized in our COVID-19 ward unit more than 100 days after their admission. We designed a short phone questionnaire to collect post-discharge clinical symptoms, modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnoea scale scores, professional and physical activities, and attention, memory and/or sleep disorders. Comparisons between ward-and ICU patients led to no statistically significant differences regarding those symptoms. The present study shows that most patients requiring hospitalization for COVID-19 still have persistent symptoms, even 110 days after being discharged, especially fatigue and dyspnoea. Except pain or discomfort, we found no significant difference regarding persistent symptoms and HRQoL between ward patients versus ICU patients. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32853602/ doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.08.029 id: cord-269389-x8i5x62v author: Gensini, Gian Franco title: The concept of quarantine in history: from plague to SARS date: 2004-04-12 words: 3195.0 sentences: 158.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-269389-x8i5x62v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-269389-x8i5x62v.txt summary: Measures analogous to those employed against the plague have been adopted to fight against the disease termed the Great White Plague, i.e. tuberculosis, and in recent times various countries have set up official entities for the identification and control of infections. The concept of (modern) preventive quarantine is strictly related to plague and dates back to 1377, when the Rector of the seaport of Ragusa, today called Dubrovnik (Croatia), officially issued the socalled ''trentina'' (an Italian word derived from ''trenta'', that is, the number 30), a 30-day isolation period. 10 More recently (2003) the proposal of the constitution of a new European monitoring, regulatory and research institution was made, since the already available system of surveillance, set up in Europe to control the onset of epidemics, came up against an enormous challenge in the global emergency of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). abstract: The concept of ‘quarantine’ is embedded in health practices, attracting heightened interest during episodes of epidemics. The term is strictly related to plague and dates back to 1377, when the Rector of the seaport of Ragusa (then belonging to the Venetian Republic) officially issued a 30-day isolation period for ships, that became 40 days for land travellers. During the next 100 years similar laws were introduced in Italian and in French ports, and they gradually acquired other connotations with respect to their original implementation. Measures analogous to those employed against the plague have been adopted to fight against the disease termed the Great White Plague, i.e. tuberculosis, and in recent times various countries have set up official entities for the identification and control of infections. Even more recently (2003) the proposal of the constitution of a new European monitoring, regulatory and research institution has been made, since the already available system of surveillance has found an enormous challenge in the global emergency of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). In the absence of a targeted vaccine, general preventive interventions have to be relied upon, including high healthcare surveillance and public information. Quarantine has, therefore, had a rebound of celebrity and updated evidence strongly suggests that its basic concept is still fully valid. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15474622/ doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2004.03.002 id: cord-019968-o5bdb37q author: Goldwater, Paul N. title: Gastroenteritis in Auckland: An aetiological and clinical study date: 2005-04-14 words: 3584.0 sentences: 214.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-019968-o5bdb37q.txt txt: ./txt/cord-019968-o5bdb37q.txt summary: Faecal specimens from 60 patients (under six years old), most of whom were Maoris and Pacific Islanders admitted to Auckland Hospital with gastroenteritis during the months of June and July 1977, were examined for the presence of faecal viruses, bacterial pathogens and parasites. Non-agglutinable rotavirus, presumably a different serotype, was seen in both gastroenteritis and control patients. In June and July, 1977 , patients admitted to Auckland Hospital with gastroenteritis were studied to determine the relative isolation rates of (1) rotavirus, (2) other viruses identifiable by electronmicroscopy of stools, (3) enterotoxigenic Esch. Three of 18 (17 per cent) control stools contained rotavirus (one of which had non-agglutinable virus detectable on IEM). From Table III it is seen that enterotoxigenic isolates were found in both groups of gastroenteritis patients and also in non-diarrhoeal controls. Rotavirus-like particles that failed to agglutinate on IEM were seen in two gastroenteritis patients'' stools and in one control patient''s stool. abstract: Faecal specimens from 60 patients (under six years old), most of whom were Maoris and Pacific Islanders admitted to Auckland Hospital with gastroenteritis during the months of June and July 1977, were examined for the presence of faecal viruses, bacterial pathogens and parasites. Faecal specimens from 18 non-diarrhoeal control patients were also examined, of which three contained rotavirus. Forty-three (72 per cent) gastroenteritis patients had rotavirus detectable in stools by electron microscopy or immune electron microscopy. Of the remainder, 17 patients were regarded as having non-rotavirus diarrhoea. Enterotoxigenic Esch. coli. was isolated from seven patients of whom six yielded stable toxin producers (ST+), four labile toxin producers (LT+) and two dual toxigenic strains (ST+/LT+). All ST+ isolates appeared to be of low enterotoxigenicity as indicated by low gut weight/carcass weight ratios in the infant mouse assay. Rotavirus was the commonest aetiological agent (72 per cent), bacterial pathogens (alone) accounted for only five per cent and no enteric pathogens were found in 15 per cent of cases. Non-agglutinable rotavirus, presumably a different serotype, was seen in both gastroenteritis and control patients. Rotavirus ‘satellite’ particles previously undescribed were demonstrated in a number of stool samples. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7133635/ doi: 10.1016/s0163-4453(79)90677-7 id: cord-337557-ct43uoir author: Guetl, Katharina title: SARS-CoV-2 positive virus culture 7 weeks after onset of COVID-19 in an immunocompromised patient suffering from X chromosome-linked agammaglobulinemia date: 2020-10-27 words: 855.0 sentences: 58.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337557-ct43uoir.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337557-ct43uoir.txt summary: title: SARS-CoV-2 positive virus culture 7 weeks after onset of COVID-19 in an immunocompromised patient suffering from X chromosome-linked agammaglobulinemia (4, 5) Here, we report SARS-CoV-2 positive viral culture 7 weeks after onset of COVID-19 in a patient with an underlying immunosuppressive disorder, so-called X chromosome-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA), demonstrating the potential of prolonged SARS-CoV-2 spreading beyond widely accepted isolation precautions. On April 15, five days after tocilizumab and convalescent plasma administration and five weeks after the initial diagnosis of COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was not detectable for the first time. The patient showed progressive clinical recovery, but an alternating course of three negative followed by three positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR results was subsequently observed. In summary, we have to assume that in our patient shedding of infectious SARS-CoV-2 stopped between week 7 and 10 of disease. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0163445320306848 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.10.025 id: cord-332786-7b6wz6i7 author: Ha, Dat P. title: The stress-inducible molecular chaperone GRP78 as potential therapeutic target for Coronavirus infection date: 2020-06-12 words: 1244.0 sentences: 67.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-332786-7b6wz6i7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332786-7b6wz6i7.txt summary: A recent report in this journal by Ibrahim and colleagues describing the potential binding interaction between SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and the host 78-kDa glucose regulated protein (GRP78) raised the possibility that GRP78 could be a facilitator for viral entry 1 and disruption of such interaction may be used to develop novel therapeutics specific against this virus 2 . In addition to its role in viral protein folding, GRP78 upregulation during viral replication could protect the virus-infected host cells from undergoing apoptosis since GRP78 is known to bind and maintain the ER-associated apoptotic machineries in their inactive forms and exert pro-survival effects especially under ER stress 3 . Conversely, the dependence of viruses on the ER and its key resident chaperone GRP78 for viral protein production and host cell survival could be the virus'' Achilles heel and offers a unique opportunity for combating SARS-CoV-2 and other virus infections. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0163445320303984 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.017 id: cord-291561-sxvgue36 author: Haixu, Liang title: Detection of 20 respiratory viruses and bacteria by influenza-like illness surveillance in Beijing, China, 2016–2018 date: 2019-11-25 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31778686/ doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2019.11.014 id: cord-260247-akujsk0s author: Hamed, Ehab title: Rates of recurrent positive SARS-CoV-2 swab results among patients attending primary care in Qatar date: 2020-11-02 words: 962.0 sentences: 79.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260247-akujsk0s.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260247-akujsk0s.txt summary: title: Rates of recurrent positive SARS-CoV-2 swab results among patients attending primary care in Qatar The group suggested recurrent positive rt-PCR results of more than 21 days following the resolution of symptoms as criteria for reinfection. Utilising the criteria set by the COCOREC study group, this record-based study reports on the cases with recurrent positive RT-PCR nasopharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2 results in primary health care corporation (PHCC) settings in Qatar. The study population included patients attending with documented SARS-CoV-2 rt-PCR results during the study period. What are the rates of recurrent rt-PCR SARS-CoV-2 positive results of more than 21 days, and what are the population characteristics? No previous studies reported to the rates of recurrent positive rt-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 infections. Given the extensive reporting of the SARS-CoV-2 infections, the number of case reports of recurrent positive and reinfection to date is extremely low, which agrees with our findings. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0163445320306915 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.10.029 id: cord-027498-cfzfgzqi author: Hattori, Takeshi title: Older age is associated with sustained detection of SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal swab samples date: 2020-06-21 words: 841.0 sentences: 49.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-027498-cfzfgzqi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-027498-cfzfgzqi.txt summary: Currently, the standard for diagnosis of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARSinfection is a positive result based on a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test from nasopharyngeal swab samples. Although her clinical symptoms and radiological findings resolved within a few days, PCR results from nasopharyngeal swab samples remained positive for 50 days after the onset. We specifically hypothesized that old age could be a risk for prolonged duration of positive PCR results from nasopharyngeal swab samples. In our analysis, older age is significantly associated with prolonged duration of positive PCR tests from nasopharyngeal swab samples, irrespective of the disease severity and the used of medication ( Figure 1 ). In summary, we demonstrated that old age is significantly associated with prolonged duration of positive PCR results from nasopharyngeal swab samples; this is the case regardless of disease severity. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7306199/ doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.046 id: cord-334443-3pyu8ucs author: He, Yu title: Public health might be endangered by possible prolonged discharge of SARS-CoV-2 in stool date: 2020-03-05 words: 1015.0 sentences: 61.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-334443-3pyu8ucs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334443-3pyu8ucs.txt summary: According to a recent report, since December 8 2019, a novel identified coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2(previously named as 2019-nCOV) is causing outbreak of pneumonia in Wuhan, China and become the major concern throughout the world [1] . Those early reports may not represent actual rate of gastrointestinal symptoms caused by SARS-CoV-2, because in early stages of the outbreak, the limited resources for detection were only provided to those patients with severe symptoms like respiratory distress syndrome. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China Detection and monitoring of SARS coronavirus in the plasma and peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome abstract: • The published data, which showed the COVID-19 patients with low digestive. • manifestation, might be misleading. Case with negative URT test showed positive in. • rectal scarab which challenge the isolation protocol. • As fomite transmission caused clusters of infection of SARS, adequate disinfection. • operations should be adopted in SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.031 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.031 id: cord-322451-cwpz4akv author: Hsin, Dena Hsin-Chen title: Heroes of SARS: professional roles and ethics of health care workers date: 2004-07-27 words: 3598.0 sentences: 200.0 pages: flesch: 66.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322451-cwpz4akv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322451-cwpz4akv.txt summary: To examine the professional moral duty of health care workers (HCWs) in the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003. In a number of countries in order to encourage HCW, the government and the public started to give the title of ''hero'' to nurses and doctors who are working in the frontline of SARS outbreak. While the ethical ideal of self-less sacrifice of life for curing disease is promoted in the public image and media, discussions with HCW in several countries suggests that being a hero is not what modern medical practice is for some HCWs. Most HCWs in Taiwan are working in the commercial hospital, where the hirer pushes them to focus their effort of work on business competition rather than the basic role of helpers to human''s health. Nurses'' professional care obligation and their attitudes towards SARS infection control measures in Taiwan during and after the 2003 epidemic abstract: Objectives. To examine the professional moral duty of health care workers (HCWs) in the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003. Methods. Descriptive discussion of media reports, analysis of ethical principles and political decisions discussed in the outbreak, with particular emphasis on the events in mainland China and Taiwan. Results. There were differences in the way that Taiwan and mainland China responded to the SARS epidemic, however, both employed techniques of hospital quarantine. After early policy mistakes in both countries HCWs were called heroes. The label ‘hero’ may not be appropriate for the average HCW when faced with the SARS epidemic, although a number of self-less acts can be found. The label was also politically convenient. Conclusions. A middle ground for reasonable expectations from HCW when treating diseases that have serious risk of infection should be expected. While all should act according to the ethic of beneficence not all persons should be expected to be martyrs for society. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0163445304001410 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2004.06.005 id: cord-025481-ljs80v45 author: Hu, Jianhua title: COVID-19 patients with hypertension have more severity condition, and ACEI/ARB treatment have no infulence on the clinical severity and outcome date: 2020-05-28 words: 1016.0 sentences: 67.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-025481-ljs80v45.txt txt: ./txt/cord-025481-ljs80v45.txt summary: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2); Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Hypertention; Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI); Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB); Outcome A number of pneumonia cases of unknown causes have emerged in Wuhan, Hubei, China since December 2019. Whether patients with hypertension who undergo angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI)/angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) therapy are more likely to suffer SARS-CoV-2 infection and whether ACEI/ARB therapy would have an influence on the clinical outcomes of patients with COVID-19 are controversy. Compared with patients without hypertension, patients with hypertension had a higher incidence of acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) (24.16% vs 6.67%, P=0.000), were more likely to use glucocorticoids (31.54% vs 12.79%, P=0.000), antibiotic (50.33% vs 39.32%, P=0.013), and intravenous immune globulin therapy (21.48% vs 6.67%, P=0.000) and more likely to need mechanical ventilation (14.77% vs 2.04%, P=0.000) and intensive care unit (ICU) admission (16.11% vs 2.31%, P=0.000), extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) (4.03% vs 0.82%, P=0.007) and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) (2.01%vs 0.14%, P=0.016) therapy. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7255723/ doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.056 id: cord-337854-5ogip9tz author: Huang, Wanqiu title: The determination of release from isolation of COVID-19 patients requires ultra-high sensitivity nucleic acid test technology date: 2020-07-02 words: 1020.0 sentences: 67.0 pages: flesch: 53.0 cache: ./cache/cord-337854-5ogip9tz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-337854-5ogip9tz.txt summary: In our study, we developed an improved strategy, termed as nestRPA (nest recombinase polymerase amplification), which could greatly improve the sensitivity of nucleic acid detection for SARS-CoV-2 than RPA or qPCR. Using nestRPA technology, we found that positive plasmid containing SARS-CoV-2 with the concentration of 1 copy/ul could also be stably detected by Fragment 5 and nucleic acid detection results were negative using qPCR. Our results suggested that the ultra-sensitive nucleic acid detection technique has important implications for early identification of those asymptomatic carriers infected with SARS-CoV-2. In addition, many experts of COVID-19 prevention and treatment clearly pointed out that the inaccurate sample collection were also one of the important reasons for the false negative result of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid [6] [7] [8] . If all the links in the detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid could be strictly administrated, false negative could be completely eliminated, and the discontinuation of isolation will no longer be a dilemma for us. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445320304564?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.075 id: cord-301592-n5ns3m34 author: Ivaska, Lauri title: Aetiology of febrile pharyngitis in children: Potential of myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA) as a biomarker of viral infection date: 2017-01-07 words: 4142.0 sentences: 249.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301592-n5ns3m34.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301592-n5ns3m34.txt summary: We aimed to document the viral and bacterial aetiology of pharyngitis and to assess the pathogenic role of viruses by determining the myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA) in the blood as a marker of interferon response. We aimed to document the viral and bacterial aetiology of pharyngitis and to assess the pathogenic role of viruses by determining the myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA) in the blood as a marker of interferon response. Methods: In this prospective observational study, throat swabs and blood samples were collected from children (age 1e16 years) presenting to the emergency department with febrile pharyngitis. Methods: In this prospective observational study, throat swabs and blood samples were collected from children (age 1e16 years) presenting to the emergency department with febrile pharyngitis. 23e25 The aim of this study was to document the microbial causes of acute pharyngitis in children and adolescents in an outpatient setting and to evaluate the causative role of viruses by determining myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA) and other biomarker levels. abstract: OBJECTIVES: Besides group A streptococcus (GAS), microbial causes of pharyngitis in children are not well known. We aimed to document the viral and bacterial aetiology of pharyngitis and to assess the pathogenic role of viruses by determining the myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA) in the blood as a marker of interferon response. METHODS: In this prospective observational study, throat swabs and blood samples were collected from children (age 1–16 years) presenting to the emergency department with febrile pharyngitis. Microbial cause was sought by bacterial culture, polymerase chain reaction, and serology. Blood MxA level was determined. RESULTS: A potential pathogen was detected in 88% of 83 patients: GAS alone in 10%, GAS and viruses in 13%, group C or G streptococci alone in 2% and together with viruses in 3%, and viruses alone in 59% of cases. Enteroviruses, rhinoviruses, and adenoviruses were the most frequently detected viruses. Blood MxA levels were higher in children with viral (880 [245–1250] μg/L; median [IQR]) or concomitant GAS-viral (340 [150–710] μg/L) than in those with sole GAS (105 [80–160] μg/L) infections. CONCLUSIONS: Detection of respiratory viruses simultaneously with elevated blood MxA levels supports the causative role of viruses in the majority of children with pharyngitis. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2017.01.002 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2017.01.002 id: cord-025980-85jbwmfv author: Iwasaki, Sumio title: Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 detection in nasopharyngeal swab and saliva date: 2020-06-04 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7270800/ doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.071 id: cord-286014-cc99e24x author: Jang, T.-N title: Severe acute respiratory syndrome in Taiwan: analysis of epidemiological characteristics in 29 cases date: 2003-11-05 words: 3025.0 sentences: 201.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-286014-cc99e24x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-286014-cc99e24x.txt summary: To describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The first probable SARS patient in Taiwan returned from China via Hong Kong early in the global outbreak in February 2003. 7 We analyse the clinical, laboratory, and radiological features of patients with probable SARS who were seen at the Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital (SKMH) in Taipei, Taiwan. 16 In our study, SARS-associated coronavirus RNA was detected in oropharyngeal swabs by RT-PCR in 16 (55.1%) of 29 patients at initial presentation. Case definitions for surveillance of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) A cluster of cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong Severe acute respiratory syndrome in Singapore: clinical features of index patient and initial contacts Description and clinical treatment of an early outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Guangzhou, PR China abstract: Objectives. To describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Methods. Between March 28 and June 30 '2003, 29 patients with probable SARS seen at Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, were analysed. Results. Presenting symptoms included fever (100%), cough (69.0%), chills or rigor (62.1%), and shortness of breath (41.4%). Mean days to defervescence were 6.8±2.9 days, but fever recurred in 15 patients (51.7%) at 10.9±3.4 days. Common laboratory features included lymphopenia (72.4%), thrombocytopenia (34.5%) and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (93.1, 62.1, 44.8%, respectively). All patients except one had initial abnormal chest radiographs and 20 (69.0%) had radiological worsening at 7.5±2.6 days. Nine patients (31.0%) subsequently required mechanical ventilation with four deaths (13.8%). Most patients with clinical deterioration responded to pulse corticosteroid therapy (14 out of 17) but six complicated with nosocomial infections. The risk factors associated with severe disease were presence of diarrhoea, high peak LDH and CRP, high AST and creatine kinase on admission and high peak values. Conclusions. Prudent corticosteroid use, vigilant microbiological surveillance and appropriate antibiotics coverage are the key to successful treatment. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0163445303001804 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2003.09.004 id: cord-281753-neur9nmc author: Ji, Jingjing title: Early, low-dose, short-term methylprednisolone decreased the mortality in critical COVID-19 patients: a multicenter retrospective cohort study date: 2020-11-08 words: 805.0 sentences: 52.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281753-neur9nmc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281753-neur9nmc.txt summary: title: Early, low-dose, short-term methylprednisolone decreased the mortality in critical COVID-19 patients: a multicenter retrospective cohort study Since critical patients were more likely to receive GC therapy, only severe type and critical type patients, according to clinical classification of the Chinese Recommendations for Diagnosis and Treatment of Novel Coronavirus (SARSCoV2) infection (Trial 7th version) 4 , were enrolled in present study. We retrospective collected the clinical and outcome data of critical COVID-19 patients, and taking methylprednisolone ( Few studies have discussed the application time, dosage and duration of MP, which were mostly based on the physician experience. To further clarify when and how to employ MP application on the critical type patients, the hazards ratios were analyzed in each group according to the starting time, dosage, and treatment duration ( Figure 2 ). abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.11.001 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.11.001 id: cord-290066-umthoftd author: Jia, Xingwang title: False Negative RT-PCR and False Positive Antibody Tests ——Concern and Solutions in the Diagnosis of COVID-19 date: 2020-10-08 words: 518.0 sentences: 41.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-290066-umthoftd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-290066-umthoftd.txt summary: title: False Negative RT-PCR and False Positive Antibody Tests ——Concern and Solutions in the Diagnosis of COVID-19 We read with interest that antibody testing using a rapid immunochromatographic assay is reliable in the diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ( SARS-CoV-2 ) infection 1 . positive antibody results could be eliminated after five times dilution with normal human serum, when the RF level was lower than 10 IU/mL. The false positive antibody results could also be eliminated after 5 times dilution with normal human serum. Although the RT-PCR test has become the standard method for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, false-negative rates have been reported. Therefore, the combination of serum IgM/IgG antibody detection, the nucleic acid test, CT scan and clinical features improves the accuracy of COVID-19 diagnosis. Reliability and usefulness of a rapid IgM-IgG antibody test for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection: A preliminary report abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0163445320306496 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.10.007 id: cord-288010-i9zrojoo author: Jia, Yuanyuan title: Characterization of eight novel full-length genomes of SARS-CoV-2 among imported COVID-19 cases from abroad in Yunnan, China date: 2020-05-15 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445320302917?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.016 id: cord-315723-unhg20e9 author: Juan, Hui-Chun title: Decline in invasive pneumococcal disease during COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan date: 2020-09-19 words: 530.0 sentences: 37.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315723-unhg20e9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315723-unhg20e9.txt summary: Dear Editor , We read with great interest Lim et al''s report, 1 which showed a decreased incidence of pneumococcal disease in Singapore during the first 27 weeks in 2020 in the time of COVID-19. Although the collateral benefit of controlling COVID-19 for other common respiratory infectious diseases, such as influenza and tuberculosis in Taiwan have been demonstrated, 2 , 3 the impact of the infection control and policy to prevent COVID-19 outbreak on pneumococcal disease remained unclear. Although many confounding factors, such as vaccine strategy or under-report of IPD during COVID-19 pandemic were not evaluated in this study, our findings was consistent with Singapore''s study 1 suggest that strictly performance of infection control and policy not only mitigate the threaten of COVID-19 but also reduce the burden of other respiratory infections disease -invasive pneumococcal diseases. Decline in pneumococcal disease incidence in the time of COVID-19 in Singapore abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0163445320306241 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.09.018 id: cord-257489-ruf4rzxm author: Kee, Sae Yoon title: Influenza vaccine coverage rates and perceptions on vaccination in South Korea date: 2007-06-28 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: OBJECTIVE: This survey was performed to assess the level of influenza vaccine coverage, to understand the driving forces and barriers to vaccination and determine vaccination interventions for the following year in Korean population. METHODS: A national sample of 1720 community dwelling adults of age 18 and older were surveyed by individual visits during April 2005. Demographics, state of influenza vaccination, reasons for vaccination or non-vaccination and perceptions on vaccinations were asked by questionnaire. RESULTS: Influenza vaccination coverage in general population and high risk group was 34.3% and 61.3%, respectively. Predictors for vaccination were ≥65 of age, performance of regular exercise, vaccination in the previous season, experience of influenza-like illness, belief that vaccine can prevent common cold and opinion that vaccine must be taken annually. The most common reason for vaccination for both whole population and high risk groups was to prevent both influenza and common cold, while the most common reason for non-vaccination was the thought that he/she was healthy enough not to be in need for vaccination. Having more information on influenza and vaccination as well as doctor's recommendation for vaccination appeared to be the most important modus operandi to encourage influenza vaccination among non-vaccinees. CONCLUSIONS: Doctor's recommendation was the most important factor in encouraging people to be vaccinated against influenza. Doctors should be geared up with precise information and actively encourage high risk population in order to increase vaccination coverage. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445307006287 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2007.04.354 id: cord-301744-rx7ywew5 author: Kelleni, Mina T. title: SARS CoV-2 viral load might not be the right predictor of COVID-19 mortality date: 2020-08-15 words: 373.0 sentences: 30.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-301744-rx7ywew5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-301744-rx7ywew5.txt summary: title: SARS CoV-2 viral load might not be the right predictor of COVID-19 mortality have reported SARS-CoV-2 viral load at diagnosis as an independent predictor of mortality. In a trial to explain the apparent contradictory results found in different studies as well as the lack of a distinct boundary between the viral loads that might be associated with a higher mortality rate or a higher recover rate; the author would like to suggest that SARS CoV-2 viral load should be only considered as a personalized reflection to the immune response to COVID-19 as well as to the genetic polymorphisms in SARS CoV-2 receptors 3 . ACE2 polymorphisms might be a better field of study than SARS CoV-2 viral load wishing to develop a genetic test that might predict and exempt, if possible, from COVID-19 related duty those who are more vulnerable to complications and mortality 4 SARS-CoV-2 viral load predicts COVID-19 mortality abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.08.018 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.08.018 id: cord-267621-oc8bw7ft author: Kevorkian, Jean-Philippe title: Early short-course corticosteroids and furosemide combination to treat non-critically ill COVID-19 patients: An observational cohort study date: 2020-09-01 words: 1196.0 sentences: 82.0 pages: flesch: 37.0 cache: ./cache/cord-267621-oc8bw7ft.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267621-oc8bw7ft.txt summary: title: Early short-course corticosteroids and furosemide combination to treat non-critically ill COVID-19 patients: An observational cohort study 5 Therefore, to address the effectiveness of early short-course corticosteroid/furosemide treatment in the non-critically ill COVID-19 patient, we designed a retrospective observational cohort study. In the corticosteroid/furosemide treatment group, incidence of invasive MV or death given once daily for up to ten days reduced 28-day mortality by one-third among mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients and by one-fifth among patients treated with oxygen, while no benefit was observed in patients not receiving respiratory support at randomization. To conclude, our data provides evidence that early short-course of corticosteroids combined to furosemide reduces the risk of invasive MV requirement or 28-day mortality in the non-critically ill COVID-19 patients. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32888976/ doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.08.045 id: cord-270258-9vgpphiu author: Ko, Jae-Hoon title: Predictive factors for pneumonia development and progression to respiratory failure in MERS-CoV infected patients date: 2016-08-09 words: 3460.0 sentences: 171.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-270258-9vgpphiu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-270258-9vgpphiu.txt summary: To identify factors which can predict pneumonia development and progression to respiratory failure at the early course of the disease, we evaluated MERS-CoV infected patients managed in a tertiary care center during the 2015 MERS outbreak in Korea. To identify factors which can predict pneumonia development and progression to respiratory failure at the early course of the disease, we reviewed the electronic medical records of who were diagnosed with MERS-CoV infection and admitted at Samsung Medical Center, a 1950 tertiary care university hospital which managed the largest number of MERS-CoV infected patients as a single center during the 2015 Korean MERS outbreak. The present analysis of predictive factors for pneumonia development and progression to respiratory failure using variables obtained by day 3 of symptom onset could be conducted owing to the observation of entire clinical course of the disease from the exposure to MERS-CoV. abstract: BACKGROUND: After the 2015 Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreak in Korea, prediction of pneumonia development and progression to respiratory failure was emphasized in control of MERS outbreak. METHODS: MERS-CoV infected patients who were managed in a tertiary care center during the 2015 Korean MERS outbreak were reviewed. To analyze predictive factors for pneumonia development and progression to respiratory failure, we evaluated clinical variables measured within three days from symptom onset. RESULTS: A total of 45 patients were included in the study: 13 patients (28.9%) did not develop pneumonia, 19 developed pneumonia without respiratory failure (42.2%), and 13 progressed to respiratory failures (28.9%). The identified predictive factors for pneumonia development included age ≥45 years, fever ≥37.5 °C, thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia, CRP ≥ 2 mg/dL, and a threshold cycle value of PCR less than 28.5. For respiratory failure, the indicators included male, hypertension, low albumin concentration, thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia, and CRP ≥ 4 mg/dL (all P < 0.05). With ≥ two predictive factors for pneumonia development, 100% of patients developed pneumonia. Patients lacking the predictive factors did not progress to respiratory failure. CONCLUSION: For successful control of MERS outbreak, MERS-CoV infected patients with ≥ two predictive factors should be intensively managed from the initial presentation. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0163445316302092 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2016.08.005 id: cord-292451-2tpef19n author: Komiya, Kosaku title: The COVID-19 pandemic and the true incidence of tuberculosis in Japan date: 2020-07-07 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016344532030462X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.07.004 id: cord-280544-1rhu478r author: Korte, Wolfgang title: SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA antibody response is gender dependent; and IgG antibodies rapidly decline early on date: 2020-08-25 words: 822.0 sentences: 50.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280544-1rhu478r.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280544-1rhu478r.txt summary: title: SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA antibody response is gender dependent; and IgG antibodies rapidly decline early on antibodies rapidly decline early on 1, 3 Wolfgang Korte*, 2,3 Marija Buljan, 2,3 Matthias Rösslein, 2,3 Peter Wick, 1 Valentina Golubov, 1 Jana Jentsch, 1 Michael Reut, 3, 4 Karen Peier, 3 Brigitte Nohynek, 3 Aldo Fischer, 3 Raphael Stolz, 3 This cohort study included patients with a history of a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test. Results of the antibody course in 159 participants (52·2% females, 47·8% males), effectively spanning the time frame of two to ten weeks after a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test, are provided. The decline is statistically significant for anti-SP and anti-NC IgG at weeks 8-10 ( Figure 1) ; this is remarkable, as a continued IgG response for more than 34 weeks was seen with the SARS-CoV(-1) outbreak 6 . Profile of IgG and IgM antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32853597/ doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.08.032 id: cord-284862-nhihxog0 author: Kroemer, Marie title: COVID-19 patients display distinct SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell responses according to disease severity date: 2020-08-25 words: 1043.0 sentences: 63.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284862-nhihxog0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284862-nhihxog0.txt summary: Although the existence of SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells has been described 2,3 , the frequency and the intensity of SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell responses among mild illness and severe pneumonia convalescent COVID-19 patients remains to be investigated. In this prospective study, 60 patients who had COVID-19 were enrolled in a two cohorts study that were entitled mild illness (n=30) and severe pneumonia (n=30) at least 21 days after the first symptoms of ; Table 1 for CoV-N) might be explained by the sequence homology between structural proteins from various coronavirus suggesting the existence of cross reactive memory T-cells 5 . We observed that all patients with severe pneumonia had a positive serology index and most of them had at least one specific cellular response for SARS-CoV-2 proteins (28 out of 30). Specific T-cell responses for S, M and N proteins were simultaneously shown for 70.0% of severe pneumonia patients while only for 37.9% of mild illness patients (P=0.0191) (Fig. 1E) . abstract: Adaptive Immune responses generated by SARS-CoV-2 virus in convalescent patients according to disease severity remain poorly characterized. To this end, we designed a prospective study (NCT04365322) that included 60 COVID-19 convalescent patients (1-month post infection) in two cohorts respectively entitled mild illness and severe pneumonia. The monitoring of peripheral immune responses was performed using IFNᵧ ELISpot assay. The serology index of each patient was investigated at the same time. Patients with severe pneumonia were older and had more comorbidities than patients with mild illness. T-cell responses in term of frequency and intensity were clearly distinct between mild illness and severe pneumonia patients. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that recent history of COVID-19 did not hamper viral memory T-cell pool against common viruses (Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr-virus and Flu-virus). The presence of potent adaptive immunity even in patients who underwent severe pneumonia sustain the rationale for the development of protective therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32853599/ doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.08.036 id: cord-276328-08ava9ni author: Kunutsor, Setor K. title: Hepatic manifestations and complications of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-06-21 words: 460.0 sentences: 35.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276328-08ava9ni.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276328-08ava9ni.txt summary: title: Hepatic manifestations and complications of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis (1, 2) In addition to the observation that older patients, males and those with pre-existing comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic kidney disease and chronic liver disease are at highest risk for severe illness or death, (3, 4) COVID-19 complications have been shown to correlate with the disease severity or mortality. Renal complications in COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis Cardiovascular complications in COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis Markers of liver injury and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis Cardiovascular Implications of Fatal Outcomes of Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Comorbid Chronic Diseases and Acute Organ Injuries Are Strongly Correlated with Disease Severity and Mortality among COVID-19 Patients: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis. Longitudinal association between markers of liver injury and mortality in COVID-19 in China abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32579984/ doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.043 id: cord-335355-lcrbs2op author: Kunutsor, Setor K. title: Markers of liver injury and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-05-28 words: 1007.0 sentences: 66.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-335355-lcrbs2op.txt txt: ./txt/cord-335355-lcrbs2op.txt summary: In this context, we aimed to determine the nature of the relationships of admission levels of five main markers of liver injury (ALT, AST, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin) with the risk of clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19 using a systematic meta-analysis. MEDLINE, Embase, and The Cochrane library were searched from 2019 to 17 May 2020 for published studies reporting on relationships between admission levels of markers of liver injury (GGT, ALT, AST, ALP and total bilirubin) and clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Taking the overall evidence together, the data supports a higher prevalence of elevated admission levels of markers of liver injury in severe or mortality due to COVID-19 disease, which suggests that patients with elevated levels of liver markers at baseline (during admission) had higher risks of developing worse outcomes in COVID-19. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S016344532030325X doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.045 id: cord-305583-p2jp5fiq author: Lalloo, David G. title: UK malaria treatment guidelines 2016 date: 2016-02-12 words: 9457.0 sentences: 583.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305583-p2jp5fiq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305583-p2jp5fiq.txt summary: Severe falciparum malaria, or infections complicated by a relatively high parasite count (more than 2% of red blood cells parasitized) should be treated with intravenous therapy until the patient is well enough to continue with oral treatment. Severe falciparum malaria, or infections complicated by a relatively high parasite count (more than 2% of red blood cells parasitized) should be treated with intravenous therapy until the patient is well enough to continue with oral treatment. There are now three main therapeutic options for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in adults in the UK: artemisinin combination therapy (ACT), oral atovaquoneeproguanil or quinine plus doxycycline (or quinine plus clindamycin in certain circumstances) (see Box 4 for details of doses). 52 In line with the WHO guidelines, we recommend that IV artesunate should be used preferentially over quinine as the drug of choice for treatment of severe falciparum malaria in children (grade 1A). abstract: 1.Malaria is the tropical disease most commonly imported into the UK, with 1300–1800 cases reported each year, and 2–11 deaths. 2. Approximately three quarters of reported malaria cases in the UK are caused by Plasmodium falciparum, which is capable of invading a high proportion of red blood cells and rapidly leading to severe or life-threatening multi-organ disease. 3. Most non-falciparum malaria cases are caused by Plasmodium vivax; a few cases are caused by the other species of plasmodium: Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium malariae or Plasmodium knowlesi. 4. Mixed infections with more than one species of parasite can occur; they commonly involve P. falciparum with the attendant risks of severe malaria. 5. There are no typical clinical features of malaria; even fever is not invariably present. Malaria in children (and sometimes in adults) may present with misleading symptoms such as gastrointestinal features, sore throat or lower respiratory complaints. 6. A diagnosis of malaria must always be sought in a feverish or sick child or adult who has visited malaria-endemic areas. Specific country information on malaria can be found at http://travelhealthpro.org.uk/. P. falciparum infection rarely presents more than six months after exposure but presentation of other species can occur more than a year after exposure. 7. Management of malaria depends on awareness of the diagnosis and on performing the correct diagnostic tests: the diagnosis cannot be excluded until more than one blood specimen has been examined. Other travel related infections, especially viral haemorrhagic fevers, should also be considered. 8. The optimum diagnostic procedure is examination of thick and thin blood films by an expert to detect and speciate the malarial parasites. P. falciparum and P. vivax (depending upon the product) malaria can be diagnosed almost as accurately using rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) which detect plasmodial antigens. RDTs for other Plasmodium species are not as reliable. 9. Most patients treated for P. falciparum malaria should be admitted to hospital for at least 24 h as patients can deteriorate suddenly, especially early in the course of treatment. In specialised units seeing large numbers of patients, outpatient treatment may be considered if specific protocols for patient selection and follow up are in place. 10. Uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria should be treated with an artemisinin combination therapy (Grade 1A). Artemether–lumefantrine (Riamet(®)) is the drug of choice (Grade 2C) and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (Eurartesim(®)) is an alternative. Quinine or atovaquone–proguanil (Malarone(®)) can be used if an ACT is not available. Quinine is highly effective but poorly-tolerated in prolonged treatment and should be used in combination with an additional drug, usually oral doxycycline. 11. Severe falciparum malaria, or infections complicated by a relatively high parasite count (more than 2% of red blood cells parasitized) should be treated with intravenous therapy until the patient is well enough to continue with oral treatment. Severe malaria is a rare complication of P. vivax or P. knowlesi infection and also requires parenteral therapy. 12. The treatment of choice for severe or complicated malaria in adults and children is intravenous artesunate (Grade 1A). Intravenous artesunate is unlicensed in the EU but is available in many centres. The alternative is intravenous quinine, which should be started immediately if artesunate is not available (Grade 1A). Patients treated with intravenous quinine require careful monitoring for hypoglycemia. 13. Patients with severe or complicated malaria should be managed in a high-dependency or intensive care environment. They may require haemodynamic support and management of: acute respiratory distress syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation, acute kidney injury, seizures, and severe intercurrent infections including Gram-negative bacteraemia/septicaemia. 14. Children with severe malaria should also be treated with empirical broad spectrum antibiotics until bacterial infection can be excluded (Grade 1B). 15. Haemolysis occurs in approximately 10–15% patients following intravenous artesunate treatment. Haemoglobin concentrations should be checked approximately 14 days following treatment in those treated with IV artemisinins (Grade 2C). 16. Falciparum malaria in pregnancy is more likely to be complicated: the placenta contains high levels of parasites, stillbirth or early delivery may occur and diagnosis can be difficult if parasites are concentrated in the placenta and scanty in the blood. 17. Uncomplicated falciparum malaria in the second and third trimester of pregnancy should be treated with artemether–lumefantrine (Grade 2B). Uncomplicated falciparum malaria in the first trimester of pregnancy should usually be treated with quinine and clindamycin but specialist advice should be sought. Severe malaria in any trimester of pregnancy should be treated as for any other patient with artesunate preferred over quinine (Grade 1C). 18. Children with uncomplicated malaria should be treated with an ACT (artemether–lumefantrine or dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine) as first line treatment (Grade 1A). Quinine with doxycycline or clindamycin, or atovaquone–proguanil at appropriate doses for weight can also be used. Doxycycline should not be given to children under 12 years. 19. Either an oral ACT or chloroquine can be used for the treatment of non-falciparum malaria. An oral ACT is preferred for a mixed infection, if there is uncertainty about the infecting species, or for P. vivax infection from areas where chloroquine resistance is common (Grade 1B). 20. Dormant parasites (hypnozoites) persist in the liver after treatment of P. vivax or P. ovale infection: the only currently effective drug for eradication of hypnozoites is primaquine (1A). Primaquine is more effective at preventing relapse if taken at the same time as chloroquine (Grade 1C). 21. Primaquine should be avoided or given with caution under expert supervision in patients with Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD), in whom it may cause severe haemolysis. 22. Primaquine (for eradication of P. vivax or P. ovale hypnozoites) is contraindicated in pregnancy and when breastfeeding (until the G6PD status of child is known); after initial treatment for these infections a pregnant woman should take weekly chloroquine prophylaxis until after delivery or cessation of breastfeeding when hypnozoite eradication can be considered. 23. An acute attack of malaria does not confer protection from future attacks: individuals who have had malaria should take effective anti-mosquito precautions and chemoprophylaxis during future visits to endemic areas. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445316000475 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2016.02.001 id: cord-308852-qdn04pun author: Lei, Hao title: Household transmission of COVID-19-a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-08-25 words: 1073.0 sentences: 79.0 pages: flesch: 65.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308852-qdn04pun.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308852-qdn04pun.txt summary: title: Household transmission of COVID-19-a systematic review and meta-analysis • SARS-CoV-2 is much more transmissible than SARS-CoV and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus in households, which challenges the home isolation of COVID-19 patients. Here, we report a systematic review of household transmission studies of and try to assess the secondary attack rate of household COVID-19 transmission. Studies containing data on household transmission of COVID-19 were retrieved from the electronic databases: PubMed, Embase, and a Chinese database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) on 1 July, 2020. Case reports with only one family involved were also excluded for analysis, because the household transmissions event collection was biased towards infection caused more serious illness. Household secondary attack rate (SAR) was calculated as the number of identified cases divided by the number of household contacts. Household SAR were greater than SAR by other contacts (OR=10.72, 95% CI: 5.70-20.17, p<0.001), suggesting much higher rates of intra-family transmission of COVID-19. abstract: • Infection risk of household contacts is 10 times higher than other contacts. • Risk of household transmission in adults is about 3-times higher than that in children. • SARS-CoV-2 is much more transmissible than SARS-CoV and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus in households, which challenges the home isolation of COVID-19 patients. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.08.033 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.08.033 id: cord-010540-0zkc5w74 author: Lei, Pinggui title: Multiple parameters required for diagnosis of COVID-19 in clinical practice date: 2020-03-19 words: 707.0 sentences: 52.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-010540-0zkc5w74.txt txt: ./txt/cord-010540-0zkc5w74.txt summary: We read with interest the recent papers in this Journal by Hao who described clinical features of atypical 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia with an initially negative RT-PCR assay. 3-6 Therefore, even though chest CT plays a key role in detection or diagnosis of COVID-19 infection, however, chest CT examination and RT-PCR results should be mutual verification for precise diagnosis in the patient suspected COVID-19 infection. In conclusion, even though chest CT has played a key role in detection or diagnosis of COVID-19 infection with some typical CT features while the initial RT-PCR result is negative. However, not all the cases had the initial abnormality chest CT results or positive RT-PCR in the patients with COVID-19 infection. Consequently, RT-PCR results, chest CT features, clinical manifestation, laboratory results, and exposure history should be made a comprehensive analysis to diagnose COVID-19 infection for the clinical decisions beyond clinical and radiological features. Clinical features of atypical 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia with an initially negative RT-PCR assay abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7194939/ doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.016 id: cord-282499-baia5prj author: Lei, Pinggui title: The evolution of CT characteristics in the patients with COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-03-19 words: 440.0 sentences: 35.0 pages: flesch: 50.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282499-baia5prj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282499-baia5prj.txt summary: Actually, the CT features are various at different stages in the patients with COVID-19 infection. Recently, the studies demonstrated that the CT findings were typical signs for diagnosis at different stages of COVID-19 pneumonia. 3 , 4 Particularly, ground glass opacities (GGO) and consolidation were the principal manifestation in the CT images (CT scans before onset of symptoms or CT scans done ≤ 1 week after symptom onset), and GGO was decreased with increasing the stages of COVID-19 pneumonia. 4 Therefore, knowing the corresponding CT feature of COVID-19 pneumonia at different stages, which could be helpful to precisely diagnose and understand CT characteristics of the novel coronavirus pneumonia beyond the radiological findings itself. Clinical and computed tomographic imaging features of novel coronavirus pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 Clinical characteristics and imaging manifestations of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19):a multi-center study in Wenzhou city Radiological findings from 81 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32201155/ doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.014 id: cord-321989-1enjopig author: Li, Yanpeng title: Metagenomic analysis identified co-infection with human rhinovirus C and bocavirus 1 in an adult suffering from severe pneumonia date: 2017-10-31 words: 1488.0 sentences: 93.0 pages: flesch: 60.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321989-1enjopig.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321989-1enjopig.txt summary: • We first present a HRV-C and HBoV1 co-infection in an adult woman with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. • Our study suggests that HBoV1 co-infection might worsen the disease caused by HRV-C infection, and raises a question whether HRV-C-related severe pneumonia is often associated with co-infection of other respiratory viruses such as bocavirus. Dear Editor, Human rhinovirus (HRV) and bocavirus (HBoV) are two of the most common respiratory viruses associated with acute respiratory tract infections among children. A previous study reported a 16-month child who was infected by HBoV1 and also showed presence of HRV, developed severe pneumonia. 5 Here we reported co-infection with HBoV1 and HRV-C in an adult woman with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In conclusion, our study reports a life-threatening pneumonia case caused by co-infection with HRV-C and HBoV1, and raises a question whether HRV-C-related severe pneumonia is often associated with co-infection of other respiratory viruses such as bocavirus. abstract: • We first present a HRV-C and HBoV1 co-infection in an adult woman with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. • Our study suggests that HBoV1 co-infection might worsen the disease caused by HRV-C infection, and raises a question whether HRV-C-related severe pneumonia is often associated with co-infection of other respiratory viruses such as bocavirus. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445317303420 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2017.10.012 id: cord-311853-k6efd9vg author: Lim, Rachel HF title: Decline in pneumococcal disease incidence in the time of COVID-19 in Singapore date: 2020-08-15 words: 1253.0 sentences: 57.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-311853-k6efd9vg.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311853-k6efd9vg.txt summary: Chow et al reported a marked decline in influenza incidence in Singapore during the first four months of 2020, likely attributable to public health measures aimed at controlling the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic (1) . As part of routine infectious disease surveillance for these institutions, we reviewed the results of all urinary streptococcal antigen tests performed, as well as the number of notifications submitted to the Ministry of Health for invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) (a notifiable disease for which reporting is mandatory for all clinicians and clinical laboratories), from the years 2010 to 2020. We postulate that the public health COVID-19 prevention measures introduced in Singapore resulted in an inadvertent decrease in pneumococcal disease transmission. In conclusion, we observed a decreased incidence of pneumococcal disease at our institution that corresponded with the time period when public health measures were implemented to control COVID-19, suggesting that these measures had also had an inadvertent effect on the transmission of S. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445320305545?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.08.020 id: cord-256808-lxlerb13 author: Lim, W.S title: Hospital management of adults with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) if SARS re-emerges—updated 10 February 2004 date: 2004-06-02 words: 2426.0 sentences: 167.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-256808-lxlerb13.txt txt: ./txt/cord-256808-lxlerb13.txt summary: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) is a potentially severe and highly infectious disease to which healthcare workers involved in the management of cases are particularly vulnerable. These guidelines briefly summarise optimal and safe practice for clinicians involved in the emergency care of patients with probable or confirmed SARS. During 2003 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV) emerged as an infectious disease with a significant inhospital mortality and posed a considerable occupational risk for healthcare workers. Please discuss the classification of SARS patients with the Health Protection Agency''s Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre (CDSC) Duty doctor (Tel.: 0208-200-6868) and complete a standard SARS report form and fax to your local Consultant in Communicable Disease Control (CCDC) and CDSC (details at: http://www.hpa.org.uk/infections/ topics_az/SARS/forms.htm). Inform the local Health Protection Team/CCDC regarding the hospital discharge of patients to ensure follow-up in the community. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): infection control abstract: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) is a potentially severe and highly infectious disease to which healthcare workers involved in the management of cases are particularly vulnerable. These guidelines briefly summarise optimal and safe practice for clinicians involved in the emergency care of patients with probable or confirmed SARS. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0163445304000830 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2004.04.001 id: cord-266564-imj1lcy9 author: Liu, Yangli title: Clinical manifestations and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy date: 2020-03-05 words: 698.0 sentences: 47.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266564-imj1lcy9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266564-imj1lcy9.txt summary: Given the maternal physiologic and immune function changes in pregnancy [2] , pregnant individuals might face greater risk of getting infected by SARS-CoV-2 and might have more complicated clinical events. We described epidemiological, clinical characteristics, pregnancy and perinatal outcomes of all hospitalized pregnant patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in China. We identified all hospitalized pregnant patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between December 8, 2019, and February 25, 2020 officially reported by the central government, in areas outside Wuhan, China. We reported 13 pregnant COVID-19 patients in China, indicating pregnant women also susceptible to SARS-CoV-2. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.028 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.028 id: cord-288814-1zayb21f author: Lu, Qing-Bin title: Comorbidities for fatal outcome among the COVID-19 patients: a hospital-based case-control study date: 2020-07-27 words: 1382.0 sentences: 72.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288814-1zayb21f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288814-1zayb21f.txt summary: Here by performing a retrospective multi-center study, we try to evaluate the adjusted effect of the common preexisting comorbidities on COVID-19 related death, based on which, the therapy effect of three widely used anti-hypertension drugs were assessed. By multivariate logistic regression model adjusting age, sex, and delay from symptom onset to hospital admission, six comorbidities showed significant association with the disease outcome, with malignancy exhibiting the highest risk of death, followed by CKD, CVD, hypertension, CHD, and DM ( Figure 1A and Table S2 ). DM was found to be a strong risk factor for adverse outcome, with its risky effect also observed in those aged 60~70 years, which was reported for the two earlier CoV infections, severe acute respiratory syndrome (7) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (8) . We provided evidence 5 that CCB drugs offered beneficial effect of reducing risk for fatal outcome in hypertension-COVID-19 patients, mostly mediated through enhancing the recovery of abnormal parameters and reducing host inflammatory response that had been proven to aggravate the disease severity. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.07.026 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.07.026 id: cord-264302-8vo5psgm author: Lu, Yue title: Social media WeChat infers the development trend of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-10 words: 1088.0 sentences: 66.0 pages: flesch: 68.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264302-8vo5psgm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264302-8vo5psgm.txt summary: 5 Information and discussions on COVID-19 spread rapidly on social media, so the use of big data allows more people to pay attention to these situations earlier. Here, through the keyword query in the WeChat index, we analyzed the public attention and demand for the COVID-19 pandemic. First of all, the hottest words in the pandemic are "Wuhan", "novel coronavirus" and "pneumonia" ( Fig. 1 A) . Thus, during the period from the end of January to the beginning of February, the public attention focused on those words. Through analysis of public concerns, we review the development trend of COVID-19, which will set up an example for future outbreaks of epidemic diseases. It is believed that public health authorities will rely more on these social medias in the future for monitoring the development of the epidemic or pandemic. Retrospective analysis of the possibility of predicting the COVID-19 outbreak from internet searches and social media data, China abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445320301766 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.050 id: cord-277705-6lgt2i7f author: Luan, Junwen title: A potential inhibitory role for integrin in the receptor targeting of SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-04-10 words: 1149.0 sentences: 89.0 pages: flesch: 64.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277705-6lgt2i7f.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277705-6lgt2i7f.txt summary: An RGD motif (403-405) was identified in SARS-CoV-2 S protein ( Figure 1A ). These results suggested that RGD/KGD integrin-binding motif is conserved in several coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV. To investigate whether RGD/KGD motif in S proteins from SARS-CoV-2 We identified a KGD motif in 353-355 of ACE2 (BAB40370.1), which is a key region for binding S protein ( Figure 1F ). Integrin associates with ACE2 through its KGD motif including K353, which is one of key AAs for S protein recognition. Integrin associates with S protein by its RGD/KGD motif, which would shield the space of RBM for contacting with ACE2. Because RGD recognized a broader spectrum of integrins than KGD, more integrins could block receptor binding of SARS-CoV-2 S than that of SARS-CoV S. In conclusion, we identified an RGD/KGD integrin-binding motif in S proteins from SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016344532030181X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.046 id: cord-261405-n05wjimk author: Lui, Grace title: Viral dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 across a spectrum of disease severity in COVID-19 date: 2020-04-18 words: 1157.0 sentences: 81.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-261405-n05wjimk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-261405-n05wjimk.txt summary: reported in this journal that viral shedding of SARS-CoV-2 in nasal swabs was longer in intensive care unit (ICU) patients compared with non-ICU patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). 3 We collected serial upper (pooled nasopharyngeal and throat swabs, N=75) and lower respiratory tract samples (sputum and tracheal aspirate, N=43), peripheral blood plasma (N=50), urine (N=43) and stool (N=43) samples from all participants, and monitored SARS-CoV-2 viral loads in these samples. In all five participants with severe/critical and three with moderate disease, viral loads in respiratory tract samples continued to rise and peaked in the second week of illness (range 5.57-9.66 log copies/mL). In this study of patients with COVID-19 across a wide spectrum of severity, we observed that viral shedding in the respiratory tract lasting longer than 14 days was common. In more severe disease, viral load appeared to peak in the second week of illness in both upper and lower respiratory tract. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.04.014 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.04.014 id: cord-282053-ftjx29lw author: Luis García de GuadianaRomualdo title: Circulating levels of GDF-15 and calprotectin for prediction of in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients: a case series date: 2020-08-12 words: 840.0 sentences: 50.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-282053-ftjx29lw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282053-ftjx29lw.txt summary: We read the recent articles by Li and colleagues and Lin and colleagues about the role of two inflammatory biomarkers, serum amyloid A 1 and ferritin 2 , in the evaluation of severity in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Higher blood levels of inflammatory biomarkers in blood, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin and D-dimer, have been reported as predictors of a poor outcome in COVID-19 patients 5 . The role of biomarkers associated to inflammation other than those above mentioned, such as calprotectin or growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), is less known. Recently, an experimental study showed a novel function of GDF-15 in the promotion of lung human rhinovirus and virus-associated inflammation, contributing to the severity of respiratory viral infection 10 . We have shown that circulating levels of two emerging inflammatory biomarkers, calprotectin and GDF-15, are significantly higher in COVID-19 patients who died, suggesting a potential role in the evaluation of prognosis in these patients. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0163445320305430 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.08.010 id: cord-291750-4s93wniq author: Lv, Boyan title: Global COVID-19 fatality analysis reveals Hubei-like countries potentially with severe outbreaks date: 2020-04-14 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: • CFR in Iran in the early stage of the outbreak is highest among all the countries. • CFRs in the USA and Italy are similar to Hubei Province in the early stage. • CFRs in South Korea are similar to outside Hubei, indicating less severity. • Our findings highlight the severity of outbreaks globally, particular in the USA. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32302605/ doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.029 id: cord-327246-idmo5ds7 author: M, Montero-Baladía title: Etoposide treatment adjunctive to immunosuppressants for critically ill COVID-19 patients: Etoposide for severe COVID-19 patients date: 2020-06-21 words: 1408.0 sentences: 112.0 pages: flesch: 40.0 cache: ./cache/cord-327246-idmo5ds7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327246-idmo5ds7.txt summary: Current evidence suggests that systemic hyperinflammation and immune dysregulation play a key role in the development of severe lung and multiorgan damage found in critically ill COVID-19 patients 2, 3, 4 . Patients eligible for etoposide treatment were older than 18 years, presented biochemical alterations suggestive of severe hyperinflammation (ferritin levels >1000 ng/ml and/or IL-6 values >50 pg/ml), ARDS (defined by PaO 2 /FiO 2 < 300) and were not under mechanical ventilation. These preliminary results on 11 patients confirmed the safety and efficacy of etoposide as adjunctive salvage treatment for critically ill COVID-19 ARDS patients, exhibiting systemic hyperinflammation and previously treated with corticosteroids and interleukin inhibitors. In this preliminary experience, salvage treatment with etoposide in adjunction to immunosuppressants resulted in overall favorable outcome of a small cohort of severely ill COVID-19 ARDS patients presenting with systemic hyperinflammation. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0163445320303868 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.006 id: cord-302855-wwg6x1df author: Ma, Jia title: Clinical characteristics and prognosis in cancer patients with COVID-19: A single center''s retrospective study date: 2020-04-14 words: 1140.0 sentences: 78.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-302855-wwg6x1df.txt txt: ./txt/cord-302855-wwg6x1df.txt summary: • Among cancer patients with COVID-19, the numbers of neutrophil, NLR(ratio of neutrophil to lymphocyte, IL-6, LDH and PCT in the severe/critical group were significantly higher than those in the mild group. In our study, the infection rate of COVID-19 among cancer patients in the single center was estimated to be 2.7% (37 of 1380 patients), which was 6 times higher than that in Wuhan until Mar 30, 2020 (0.45%, 50,006 of 11,081,000). In terms of the results of laboratory tests, we interestingly found that the numbers of neutrophil, NLR, IL-6, LDH and PCT ( Table 2 ) in the severe/critical group were significantly higher than those in the mild group. Cancer patients had a high infection rate of SARS-CoV-2 and were easy to become severe or critical cases, which should be monitored closely during the COVID-19 epidemic. Clinical characteristics of COVID-19-infected cancer patients: a retrospective case study in three hospitals within Wuhan, China abstract: • We describe the demographics, clinical characteristics, and prognosis of cancer patients with COVID-19 infection. • Cancer patients had a high infection rate of SARS-CoV-2 and were easy to become severe or critical cases. • Among cancer patients with COVID-19, the numbers of neutrophil, NLR(ratio of neutrophil to lymphocyte, IL-6, LDH and PCT in the severe/critical group were significantly higher than those in the mild group. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445320302140 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.04.006 id: cord-317315-yyssvbbl author: Mao, Ming-Hui title: Serial semiquantitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva samples date: 2020-10-06 words: 1083.0 sentences: 62.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-317315-yyssvbbl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317315-yyssvbbl.txt summary: While the positive rates of nucleic acid detection from saliva, sputum, and oropharyngeal swab samples were significantly different at 3 and 6 weeks (see Appendix Table 3 ). The average time for nucleic acid detection results to become negative was 27.29±7.73 days for sputum samples, 27.82±12.09 days for oropharyngeal swab samples, and 24.53±13.59 days for saliva samples (see Appendix Table 4 ). Multivariate analysis found that clinical classification had a significant impact on the time of sputum and oropharyngeal swab samples to become negative (p=0.007, p=0.002) (see Appendix Table 5 ). The overall sensitivity, efficiency and specificity of saliva-sputum combined detection method were 93.40%, 94.00% and 95.20%, respectively (see Appendix Table 6 ). 1,5-9 total efficiency and specificity of the saliva detection method in this study were higher than those of the sputum and oropharyngeal swab detection methods (83.90% and 94.40%, respectively). abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33031835/ doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.10.002 id: cord-318013-5om35tu8 author: Marie, Tré-Hardy title: The role of serology for COVID-19 control: Population, kinetics and test performance do matter date: 2020-05-15 words: 944.0 sentences: 59.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318013-5om35tu8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318013-5om35tu8.txt summary: (1-4) The authors of these reports or correspondence highlighted the added value of serological testing, which, if captured within the correct timeframe after disease onset, can detect both active and past infections.(1) By providing estimates of who is and is not immune to SARS-CoV-2, serological data can be used to estimate epidemiological variables, such as the attack rate or case-fatality rate, which are necessary to assess how much community transmission has occurred and its burden.(5) They can also be used to strategically deploy immune health-care workers to reduce exposure of the virus to susceptible individuals or to assess the effect of non-pharmaceutical interventions at the population level and inform policy changes to release such measures. After two weeks, all tests demonstrate a sensitivity of 100%, as reported by other groups, (8, 10) except when the cut-off provided by the manufacturer were used for IgG detection (i.e. one of our 15 patients was never considered as positive). abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445320302978?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.019 id: cord-008671-k0vda7fy author: McCormack, J.G. title: Clinical features of rotavirus gastroenteritis date: 2005-04-14 words: 2571.0 sentences: 130.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-008671-k0vda7fy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-008671-k0vda7fy.txt summary: A history of contact with an adult with diarrheoa, vomiting occuring before diarrhoea, accompanying upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), otitis media and pyrexia and the need for administration of intravenous fluids were all significantly more prominent features of the rotavirus than the non-specific cases of gastroenteritis, and are suggested as pointers to such a diagnosis. Although an outbreak ofrotavirus gastroenteritis has been described involving adults without the known infection of children, 8 the finding of rotaviruses in adult stools has usually been acompanied by no intestinal symptoms, zl The finding in this study of a significantly higher incidence of a history of contact with an adult with gastroenteritis in the rotavirus than in the non-specific cases would suggest that adults may represent a reservoir for potential rotavirus infection in infants. The failure to find rotaviruses in the stools of any control patients with similar infections, but without diarrhoea, would support the role of the rotavirus as being responsible for the intestinal features of such illnesses. abstract: Five hundred and eighteen children under the age of five years admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of gastroenteritis over a twelve-month period were studied prospectively. Rotaviruses were demonstrated by stool electron microscopy (EM) in 132 of these cases (25·4 per cent), but in none of io8 age- and sex-matched controls. Non-specific cases, where no potentially pathogenic organism could be demonstrated in stools submitted for EM, viral and bacterial culture accounted for 46 per cent of cases. If EM of the stools had not been performed the proportion of non-specific cases would have risen to 85 per cent, thus demonstrating the importance of this technique in diagnosis. Rotaviruses were most commonly found in winter and between the ages of six and eighteen months. A history of contact with an adult with diarrheoa, vomiting occuring before diarrhoea, accompanying upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), otitis media and pyrexia and the need for administration of intravenous fluids were all significantly more prominent features of the rotavirus than the non-specific cases of gastroenteritis, and are suggested as pointers to such a diagnosis. Pneumonia is described in three patients as an accompanying illness with rotavirus gastroenteritis. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7133613/ doi: 10.1016/s0163-4453(82)93777-x id: cord-278225-d0gxb6bx author: Meng, Yifan title: Value and Challenges: Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests for SARS–CoV-2 in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients date: 2020-04-30 words: 900.0 sentences: 68.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-278225-d0gxb6bx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-278225-d0gxb6bx.txt summary: title: Value and Challenges: Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests for SARS–CoV-2 in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients It has been emphasized that diagnostic testing for SARS-CoV-2 was an especially important tool in the diagnosis and management of patients with COVID-19. All patients included in the present study were verified as positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). At present clinical practice, patients with improved respiratory symptoms, improved pulmonary imaging, and nucleic acid tests negative twice consecutively (sampling interval ≥ 24 hours) can be discharged. reported that potential false-negative nucleic acid testing results for SARS-CoV-2 could be caused by thermal inactivation of samples with low viral loads. Value of Diagnostic Testing for SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 Stability issues of RT-PCR testing of SARS-CoV-2 for hospitalized patients clinically diagnosed with COVID-19 Potential false-negative nucleic acid testing results for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 from thermal inactivation of samples with low viral loads abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.04.036 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.04.036 id: cord-274558-1k7bi6ng author: Moiseev, Sergey title: Sex differences in mortality in the intensive care unit patients with severe COVID-19 date: 2020-09-28 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.09.031 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.09.031 id: cord-305330-mklkugj5 author: Moiseev, Sergey title: Cancer in intensive care unit patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-05-28 words: 489.0 sentences: 35.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-305330-mklkugj5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-305330-mklkugj5.txt summary: susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and complications, although data on COVID-19 and malignancies remain limited. noted that patients with cancer were more likely to experience severe sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, such as intensive care admission, invasive ventilation or death. 2 However, Wang and Zhang argued that the most important morbidity factor is exposure to an infection source, whereas worse outcomes from SARS-CoV-2 infection could be associated (at least partly) with older age of patients with cancer 3 . In a nationwide study, we evaluated the prevalence of malignancies among 1307 intensive care unit (ICU) patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia who required respiratory support. However, our data suggest that other factors, such as older age and comorbidities, contribute significantly to the more severe course of SARS-CoV-2 infection in cancer patients. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445320303273?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.053 id: cord-277763-ihg3te63 author: Moynan, David title: The role of healthcare staff COVID-19 screening in infection prevention & control date: 2020-06-25 words: 654.0 sentences: 51.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-277763-ihg3te63.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277763-ihg3te63.txt summary: While HCW can acquire infections and contribute to cross-transmission during hospital outbreaks such as influenza or norovirus, asymptomatic staff are usually not routinely screened as part of the outbreak control measures. In March and April 2020, on three wards with two or more positive COVID-19 patients after three days of admission (designated as potential nosocomial infection), we implemented universal staff SARS-CoV-2 testing on that ward as part of outbreak management. As asymptomatic (or indeed, pre-symptomatic) HCW may have similar viral loads and may be capable of transmission as much as symptomatic individuals 9 , their detection and subsequent exclusion from work is an important aspect of a hospital''s COVID-19 strategy. In conclusion, as hospitals begin to reopen to routine non-COVID-19 services, HCW SARS-CoV-2 testing irrespective of symptoms should be considered, particularly as part of outbreak management to rapidly prevent onward transmission to patients and other staff. COVID-19: PCR Screening of Asymptomatic Health-Care Workers at London Hospital abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0163445320304382 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.057 id: cord-008672-luoxomif author: Mwachari, C. title: Chronic diarrhoea among HIV-infected adult patients in Nairobi, Kenya date: 2004-10-29 words: 3175.0 sentences: 194.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-008672-luoxomif.txt txt: ./txt/cord-008672-luoxomif.txt summary: We undertook a prospective cross-sectional study of adult patients admitted to a government hospital in Nairobi, Kenya, to determine possible bacterial, mycobacterial, parasitic and viral causes of diarrhoca; to consider which may be treatable; and to relate microbiological findings to clinical outcome. METHODS: Stool specimens from 75 consecutive HIV-seropositive patients with chronic diarrhoca admitted to a Nairobi hospital were subjected to microbiological investigation and results were compared with clinical findings and outcome. CONCLUSIONS: HIV-infected patients with chronic diarrhoea in Nairobi have a poor outcome overall, and even with extensive investigation a putative pathogen was identified in only just over half the patients. We undertook a 4-month study in Nairobi, Kenya, to determine possible bacterial, viral and parasitological causes of chronic diarrhoea and wasting using a broad range of investigations and related findings to patient outcome. abstract: OBJECTIVES: Chronic diarrhoea and wasting are well recognized features of AIDS in Africa. However, because of resource constraints few ocmprehensive aetiological studies have conducted in sub-Saharan Africa which have included a broad range of microbiological investigations. We undertook a prospective cross-sectional study of adult patients admitted to a government hospital in Nairobi, Kenya, to determine possible bacterial, mycobacterial, parasitic and viral causes of diarrhoca; to consider which may be treatable; and to relate microbiological findings to clinical outcome. METHODS: Stool specimens from 75 consecutive HIV-seropositive patients with chronic diarrhoca admitted to a Nairobi hospital were subjected to microbiological investigation and results were compared with clinical findings and outcome. Stool samples were cultured for bacteria and mycobacteria and underwent light and electron microscopy; lawns of Escherichica coli were probed for pathogenic types and aliquots were tested for the presence of Clostridium difficile cytotoxin. Blood cultures for mycobacteria and other bacterial pathogens were performed as clinically indicated. RESULTS: Thirty-nine (52%) patients yielded putative pathogens, the most common being Cryptosporidium sp. (17%), Salmonella typhimurium (13%), and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (13%). Of 41 patients investigated for pathogenic Escherichia coli, enteroaggregative E. coli and diffusely adherent E. coli were each found in four patients. Thirty-one (41%) patients died. Detection of cryptosporidium cysts was the single most significant predictor of death (X(2) = 5.2, P<0.05). Many patients did not improve (21; 285) or self-discharged whilst still sick (5; 7%) but five (7%) were diagnosed ante mortem with tuberculosis and treated and a further 13 (17%) showed improvement by time of discharge. CONCLUSIONS: HIV-infected patients with chronic diarrhoea in Nairobi have a poor outcome overall, and even with extensive investigation a putative pathogen was identified in only just over half the patients. The most important step is to exclude tuberculosis: and the most useful investigation appears to be Ziehl-Neelsen staining. Other potentially treatable Gram-negative bacterial pathogens, S. typhimurium, Shigella sp. and adherent E. coli were, however, common but require culture facilities which are not widely accessible for definitive identification. Further studies focussing on simple ways to identify sub-groups of patients with treatable infections are warranted. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7133614/ doi: 10.1016/s0163-4453(98)90561-8 id: cord-316501-fl2wvhia author: Noh, Ji Yun title: Asymptomatic infection and atypical manifestations of COVID-19: comparison of viral shedding duration date: 2020-05-21 words: 444.0 sentences: 37.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-316501-fl2wvhia.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316501-fl2wvhia.txt summary: title: Asymptomatic infection and atypical manifestations of COVID-19: comparison of viral shedding duration • Among patients with COVID-19, 26.1% presented anosmia, and 22.6% complained of ageusia with median duration of 7 days. • Mean duration of SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding was 24.5 days. • Irrespective of clinical manifestations, all patients with COVID-19 showed prolonged viral shedding. to evaluate the prevalence of asymptomatic infection, anosmia (smell loss) and ageusia (taste 8 loss) among patients with mild COVID-19 in a residential treatment center (RTC). We also 9 compared the duration of SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding between groups with different clinical 10 manifestations. An observational cohort study was conducted for 199 patients with COVID-19 in a RTC at Rapid asymptomatic transmission of COVID-19 during 82 the incubation period demonstrating strong infectivity in a cluster of youngsters aged 16-83 23 years outside Wuhan and characteristics of young patients with COVID-19: A 84 prospective contact-tracing study abstract: • More than 25% of patients with COVID-19 were asymptomatic. • Among patients with COVID-19, 26.1% presented anosmia, and 22.6% complained of ageusia with median duration of 7 days. • Mean duration of SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding was 24.5 days. • Irrespective of clinical manifestations, all patients with COVID-19 showed prolonged viral shedding. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0163445320303108 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.035 id: cord-312984-rzryn3on author: Pan, Daniel title: Serial simultaneously self-swabbed samples from multiple sites show similarly decreasing SARS-CoV-2 loads in COVID-19 cases of differing clinical severity date: 2020-09-19 words: 946.0 sentences: 63.0 pages: flesch: 59.0 cache: ./cache/cord-312984-rzryn3on.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312984-rzryn3on.txt summary: title: Serial simultaneously self-swabbed samples from multiple sites show similarly decreasing SARS-CoV-2 loads in COVID-19 cases of differing clinical severity 8 From this small longitudinal cohort study on serially collected samples in acute COVID-19 cases of differing severity, we conclude that for symptomatic patients, it is difficult to obtain a ''false negative'' result on NPS, OPS, NS or CS samples, if sampled early (within 5 days) post-symptom onset, even if the swab was ''poorly'' taken. Despite a previous meta-analysis showing that sputum testing is possibly more sensitive for SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing, 9 other studies have shown that self-sampling from various URT sites performed satisfactorily for the diagnosis of acute COVID-19. Therefore, we further confirm that early (within 5 days of symptom onset), self-swabbed NPS, OPS, NS or CS samples for SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic testing in acute COVID-19 cases is a sensitive, practical approach, which reduces patient discomfort (as self-swabbing can be controlled) and minimises virus exposure to healthcare workers. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S016344532030623X doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.09.016 id: cord-331929-rot2vgso author: Piaserico, Stefano title: REPLY TO: Interleukin-17: a potential therapeutic target in COVID-19 date: 2020-06-29 words: 856.0 sentences: 55.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331929-rot2vgso.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331929-rot2vgso.txt summary: As observed in the paper by Mendoza, IL-17 is thought to play a key role in the immune dysregulation observed in COVID-19 and in other severe coronavirus-mediated respiratory syndromes, therefore its inhibition has been suggested to determine a better outcome in these patients. IL-17 has been shown to exert direct pro-fibrotic effects on fibroblasts isolated from mouse and human lung through the activation of NF-kB, promoting production of TGF-β and expression of αsmooth muscle actin and eventually leading to collagen deposition 5 . Pulmonary fibrosis in SARS patients may be the result of the high inflammatory burden related not only to the anti-viral immune response, but also to ventilatorinduced lung injury (VILI). Moreover, anticoagulant therapies have been shown to ameliorate lung fibrosis in both murine models and human patients. In conclusion, IL-17 appears to be involved in several processes which might be relevant in the pathogenesis of COVID-19-induced pulmonary fibrosis. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0163445320304448 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.063 id: cord-287030-xzothuf7 author: Pigott, David C. title: Emergency department evaluation of the febrile traveler date: 2006-05-23 words: 2182.0 sentences: 105.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287030-xzothuf7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287030-xzothuf7.txt summary: While the presentation of a patient with undifferentiated febrile illness to the emergency department is rarely a cause for alarm, the additional factor of recent international travel suggests a host of unusual pathogens, some with the potential for rapid and devastating transmission among both patients and health care workers. 1,2 A prospective review of 195 febrile patients requiring admission after returning to the United Kingdom from the tropics found that while malaria (42%) was the most common cause for hospital admission, non-specific viral illness and bacterial infections (including urinary tract infection, community-acquired pneumonia and pharyngitis) accounted for 34% of patients. Expanding this methodology to account for other potential infectious agents that may present to a given hospital or emergency department can provide some guidance for clinicians who may encounter febrile patients who have recently returned from any geographic region, unwittingly harboring undiagnosed viral, bacterial or parasitic infection. abstract: The emergency department evaluation of the febrile traveler presents the emergency physician with a set of unique and often challenging circumstances. In addition to evaluating and managing the usual array of community-acquired infections, the clinician must be prepared to diagnose and treat a host of uncommon and potentially life-threatening pathogens. This diseases range from widespread tropical diseases such as malaria to the more exotic and lethal viral hemorrhagic fevers. A thoughtful approach guided by geographic patterns of illness offers a reliable method for determining the most likely sources of fever in the returned traveler as well as a focused diagnostic and treatment strategy. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445306001149 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2006.03.028 id: cord-008678-zi3aunqz author: Piñana, José Luis title: Clinical significance of Pneumocystis jirovecii DNA detection by real-time PCR in hematological patient respiratory specimens date: 2020-01-10 words: 2051.0 sentences: 125.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-008678-zi3aunqz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-008678-zi3aunqz.txt summary: All specimens tested negative by direct examination for PJ, whereas 27 were positive by real-time PCR (BAL, n = 18; sputa, n = 7, and TA, n = 2); Following stringent clinical, microbiological and imaging criteria ( Table 1 ) , PJP was deemed to be the most probable diagnosis in 12 episodes occurring in unique patients. In addition to its retrospective nature, our study also has some limitations: (i) we cannot completely rule out that some patients categorized as being PJ carriers The probability of Pneumocystis jirovecii (PJ) pneumonia (PJP) for each patient was retrospectively evaluated by an expert committee including infectious diseases and microbiology specialists at both centers, on the basis of (i) documented PJ presence in respiratory specimens by microscopy; (ii) compatibility of clinical signs and symptoms (at least 2 of the following: subtle onset of progressive dyspnea, pyrexia, nonproductive cough, hypoxaemia and chest pain), (iii) compatible (suggestive) radiological findings (chest radiograph and/or high-resolution computed tomographic scan detection of interstitial opacities and/or diffuse infiltration infiltrates); (iv) complete resolution of symptoms after a full course of anti-PJP treatment; (v) absence of alternative diagnosis. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7133636/ doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.01.001 id: cord-291960-1is0rv6c author: Piñana, José Luis title: Pulmonary cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA shedding in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: Implications for the diagnosis of CMV pneumonia date: 2019-02-21 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: OBJECTIVES: To date no definitive cut-off value for cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA load in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid specimens has been established to discriminate between CMV pneumonia and pulmonary CMV DNA shedding in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HSCT) recipients. METHODS: The current retrospective study is aimed at assessing the range of CMV DNA loads quantified in BAL fluid specimens from allo-HSCT patients with pneumonia in which different microorganisms were causally involved. RESULTS: A total of 144 BAL specimens from 123 patients were included. CMV DNA was detected in 56 out of 144 BAL fluid specimens and the median CMV DNA load from patients in whom CMV pneumonia was unlikely or could be tentatively ruled out was 1210 (31–68, 920) IU/ml. The frequency of CMV DNA detection and median CMV DNA loads were comparable, irrespective of the attributable cause of pneumonia. Detection of CMV DNA loads in BAL fluid specimens >500 IU/ml was independently associated with pneumonia-attributable mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The current study highlights the difficulty in establishing universal CMV DNA load thresholds in BAL fluid specimens for distinguishing between CMV pneumonia and pulmonary CMV DNA shedding, and suggests that the presence of CMV DNA in BAL fluid specimens beyond a certain level may have a deleterious impact on patient outcome. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0163445319300581 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2019.02.009 id: cord-266455-rbblg4pu author: Poole, Stephen title: Rapid syndromic molecular testing in pneumonia: The current landscape and future potential date: 2019-12-03 words: 4839.0 sentences: 232.0 pages: flesch: 35.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266455-rbblg4pu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266455-rbblg4pu.txt summary: Syndromic diagnostic testing using novel, rapid multiplexed molecular platforms represents a new opportunity for rapidly targeted antimicrobial therapy to improve patient outcomes and facilitate antibiotic stewardship. This is an FDA approved and CE marked platform that uses nested real-time PCR to detect 34 clinically important respiratory targets (15 semi-quantitative bacterial targets, 3 qualitative atypical bacterial targets, 8 [30] [31] [32] Furthermore, the pneumonia panel detects pathogens in a much higher proportion of samples than culture. Rapid syndromic molecular platforms have the potential to significantly improve the use of antibiotics and clinical outcomes in patient with pneumonia, but high quality randomised controlled trials are urgently required to evaluate their clinical impact. an observational study comparing the performance of two multiplex PCR platforms against routine microbiology for the detection of potential pathogens in patients with suspected hospital acquired/ventilator associated pneumonia (HAP/VAP) across abstract: Community acquired pneumonia (CAP), hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) are all associated with significant mortality and cause huge expense to health care services around the world. Early, appropriate antimicrobial therapy is crucial for effective treatment. Syndromic diagnostic testing using novel, rapid multiplexed molecular platforms represents a new opportunity for rapidly targeted antimicrobial therapy to improve patient outcomes and facilitate antibiotic stewardship. In this article we review the currently available testing platforms and discuss the potential benefits and pitfalls of rapid testing in pneumonia. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31809764/ doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2019.11.021 id: cord-304787-fohgekp4 author: Prazuck, Thierry title: Investigation of a family outbreak of COVID-19 using systematic rapid diagnostic tests raises new questions about transmission date: 2020-06-29 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0163445320304485 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.066 id: cord-293714-s6ezxi5r author: Principi, Nicola title: The role of infection in Kawasaki syndrome date: 2013-04-18 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyse the evidence suggesting a possible infectious origin of Kawasaki syndrome (KS). METHODS: PubMed was searched for all of the studies published over the last 15 years using the key words “Kawasaki syndrome” or “mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome” and “infectious disease” or “genetics” or “vasculitis” or “pathogenesis”. RESULTS: Various levels of evidence support the hypothesis that KS is a complex disease triggered by an infection due to one or more pathogens. Viruses or bacteria may be the primum movens, although no specific infectious agent can be considered definitely etiological. A number of genetic polymorphisms have been identified in subjects with KS, but none of them can currently be considered a real marker of susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS: Various data suggest that KS is intimately related to infectious diseases and that its clinical expression is influenced by predisposing genetic backgrounds, but our knowledge of the infectious agent(s) involved and the genetic characteristics of susceptible children remains only partial. Further studies are needed to address the many still open questions concerning the disease. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445313000777 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2013.04.004 id: cord-301491-frv4c5ny author: Ran, Jinjun title: The Ambient Ozone and COVID-19 Transmissibility in China: A Data-Driven Ecological Study of 154 Cities date: 2020-07-08 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: • We quantified the COVID-19 transmissibility by the basic reproductive number. • The COVID-19 transmissibility could be negatively associated with ambient ozone. • The daily 1-h maximum ozone might cover 7.6% of the transmissibility variability. • It echoes a previous study of negative effects of ozone on the flu transmission. • The ground-level ozone may be a “double-edged sword” to public health. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0163445320304655 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.07.011 id: cord-283758-0z3jwwby author: Rokadiya, S. title: COVID-19: Outcomes of patients with confirmed COVID-19 re-admitted to hospital. date: 2020-07-08 words: 973.0 sentences: 52.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-283758-0z3jwwby.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283758-0z3jwwby.txt summary: We aimed to investigate clinical outcomes of patients with confirmed COVID-19 who were readmitted to hospital, in order to identify risk factors for patients discharged and subsequent management of COVID-19 in clinical practice. In the re-admission group, the average time before being re-admitted to hospital was 10 days (IQR 6 -15), with dyspnoea the presenting complaint in 13/25 (52%). As far as we are aware, this is the first study looking at clinical outcomes for patients with COVID-19 who were readmitted to hospital. However, the high mortality rate (24%), and the median and prevalence of low SpO2 results in patients re-admitted is concerning and warrants further studies to evaluate reasons for re-admission, ensuring appropriate safety-netting when discharged. Based on our data on the average time before re-presentation at 10 days, enhanced, personalised follow up at 7 days in a formalised COVID-19 clinic with radiological imaging and oxygen saturation recording using pulse oximetry probes may help early identification of those at risk of deterioration, thus preventing re-admission. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.07.007 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.07.007 id: cord-353608-de6rrf7v author: Saito, Sho title: First and second COVID-19 waves in Japan: A comparison of disease severity and characteristics: Comparison of the two COVID-19 waves in Japan date: 2020-11-02 words: 982.0 sentences: 52.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-353608-de6rrf7v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353608-de6rrf7v.txt summary: Mortality (1.2% vs 7.3%) in hospitalized or discharged patients was also lower in the second wave; the same trend was observed on stratification according to age and severity at admission (Table 1 ). Our study showed that the proportion of cases involving severe disease at admission was smaller in the second wave. Data from the second wave indicated a demographic shift toward a younger population with fewer comorbidities, a lower proportion of severe patients at admission, and decreased mortality. However, the mortality was lower in second wave even if stratifying age and severity at admission. The findings of our study indicated that in the first wave, the medical system was under greater strain with more severe cases on admission. In the second wave, patients were younger with fewer underlying diseases and lower mortality rates. Risk factors associated with disease severity and length of hospital stay in COVID-19 patients abstract: • Coronavirus disease has emerged as a global pandemic. • Japan has experienced two waves of the disease. • The second wave had a lower proportion of severe cases on admission. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.10.033 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.10.033 id: cord-281130-9tawihti author: Schirinzi, Annalisa title: Pentraxin 3: Potential prognostic role in SARS-CoV-2 patients admitted to the emergency department date: 2020-11-02 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33147434/ doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.10.027 id: cord-307333-n6jc0jy3 author: Selvaggi, Carla title: Interferon lambda 1–3 expression in infants hospitalized for RSV or HRV associated bronchiolitis date: 2014-01-02 words: 6120.0 sentences: 304.0 pages: flesch: 49.0 cache: ./cache/cord-307333-n6jc0jy3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-307333-n6jc0jy3.txt summary: OBJECTIVES: The airway expression of type III interferons (IFNs) was evaluated in infants hospitalized for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or rhinovirus (HRV) bronchiolitis. KEYWORDS IFN lambda; IL-28; IL-29; RSV; HRV; MxA; ISG56; Viral load; Bronchiolitis Summary Objectives: The airway expression of type III interferons (IFNs) was evaluated in infants hospitalized for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or rhinovirus (HRV) bronchiolitis. Therefore, we evaluated whether there was a difference in the gene expression of IFN lambda 1e3 subtypes between infants with a clinical diagnosis of RSV associated acute bronchiolitis and those with HRV infection. Results demonstrated that in cells collected from nasopharyngeal washings of RSV positive infants there are higher mRNA levels of type III IFNs compared to those observed in infants with Figure 1 Gene expression of IFN lambda 1e3 during RSV or HRV bronchiolitis. abstract: OBJECTIVES: The airway expression of type III interferons (IFNs) was evaluated in infants hospitalized for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or rhinovirus (HRV) bronchiolitis. As an additional objective we sought to determine whether a different expression of IFN lambda 1–3 was associated with different harboring viruses, the clinical course of bronchiolitis or with the levels of well established IFN stimulated genes (ISGs), such as mixovirus resistance A (MxA) and ISG56. METHODS: The analysis was undertaken in 118 infants with RSV or HRV bronchiolitis. Nasopharyngeal washes were collected for virological studies and molecular analysis of type III IFN responses. RESULTS: RSV elicited higher levels of IFN lambda subtypes when compared with HRV. A similar expression of type III IFN was found in RSVA or RSVB infected infants and in those infected with HRVA or HRVC viruses. Results also indicate that IFN lambda 1 and IFN lambda 2–3 levels were correlated with each other and with MxA and ISG56-mRNAs. In addition, a positive correlation exists between the IFN lambda1 levels and the clinical score index during RSV infection. In particular, higher IFN lambda 1 levels are associated to an increase of respiratory rate. CONCLUSIONS: These findings show that differences in the IFN lambda 1–3 levels in infants with RSV or HRV infections are present and that the expression of IFN lambda 1 correlates with the severity of RSV bronchiolitis. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S016344531300399X doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2013.12.010 id: cord-347280-jpwf55l6 author: Skevaki, Chrysanthi title: Laboratory characteristics of patients infected with the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus date: 2020-06-21 words: 3073.0 sentences: 162.0 pages: flesch: 41.0 cache: ./cache/cord-347280-jpwf55l6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347280-jpwf55l6.txt summary: Furthermore, another study of 140 hospitalized patients in Wuhan, demonstrated significantly higher leukocyte counts among those with severe COVID-19 disease, compared to patients with milder infection (p=0.003) 3 . Absolute lymphopenia is commonly observed in patients with COVID-19, but pronounced lymphocyte depletion is a cardinal marker of enhanced disease severity and an indicator of imminent death, that has been consistently depicted by almost all currently published reports, coming mainly from China 1-7 . A retrospective Chinese study reported that NLR, along with the SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels, could be used as a simple discriminative tool for severity between COVID-19 patients, and further predict the clinical outcome of these patients 14 . Current data support that critically ill patients as well as fatal cases of COVID-19 have significantly higher LDH levels (usually >320 U/L) compared to moderate infections 1, 2, 5, 6, 11, 16 . abstract: A subgroup of COVID-19 patients develop very severe disease with requirement for ICU treatment, ventilation, and ECMO therapy. Laboratory tests indicate that the immune and clotting system show marked alterations with hyper-activation, hyper-inflammation, cytokine storm development. Furthermore, organ-specific biomarkers demonstrate the involvement of cardiac muscle, kidney, and liver dysfunction in many patients. In this article the use of laboratory biomarkers is discussed with regard to their use for diagnosis, disease progression, and risk assessment. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.039 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.039 id: cord-263671-2b54qfo7 author: Soriano, María Cruz title: Low incidence of co-infection, but high incidence of ICU-acquired infections in critically ill patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-09-19 words: 984.0 sentences: 58.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-263671-2b54qfo7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263671-2b54qfo7.txt summary: title: Low incidence of co-infection, but high incidence of ICU-acquired infections in critically ill patients with COVID-19 ICU admission is a risk factor for hospital-acquired infections and nosocomial infections by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria 2, 3 . Here, we report our findings of a retrospective cohort study to asses the incidence of co-infections, ICU-acquired infections and their relation to mortality in patients with COVID-19. Frequency measurements have been calculated using the incidence rates of each ICU-acquired infections expressed in relation to the number of patients at risk or the number of days at risk. A study conducted in Wuhan, China shows a series of 150 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in whom the presence of secondary infection during hospital admission was one of the risk factors for increased mortality 5 . A recent study found that frequency of hospital-acquired superinfections remained low and this finding was mainly related with ICU admission 6 . abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0163445320305946 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.09.010 id: cord-254635-gtgahlqm author: Sun, Guanghao title: An infectious disease/fever screening radar system which stratifies higher-risk patients within ten seconds using a neural network and the fuzzy grouping method date: 2014-12-23 words: 3639.0 sentences: 197.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254635-gtgahlqm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254635-gtgahlqm.txt summary: title: An infectious disease/fever screening radar system which stratifies higher-risk patients within ten seconds using a neural network and the fuzzy grouping method METHODS: The system screens infected patients based on vital signs, i.e., respiration rate measured by a radar, heart rate by a finger-tip photo-reflector, and facial temperature by a thermography. 9 Considering the defective fever screening method, we previously developed a noncontact screening system for performing medical examinations within 10 s using measured vital signs (i.e. heart rate, respiration rate, and facial temperature). ''0 Z Non-influenza'', ''1 Z Lower-risk influenza'', or ''2 Z Higher-risk influenza'') are obtained by the neural network and fuzzy clustering algorithm, based on the derived multiple vital signs (Fig. 2) . 13 More importantly, the proposed optimal neural network and fuzzy clustering method were used to classify the multiple-dimensional vital-sign data to detect higher-risk influenza patients. abstract: OBJECTIVES: To classify higher-risk influenza patients within 10 s, we developed an infectious disease and fever screening radar system. METHODS: The system screens infected patients based on vital signs, i.e., respiration rate measured by a radar, heart rate by a finger-tip photo-reflector, and facial temperature by a thermography. The system segregates subjects into higher-risk influenza (HR-I) group, lower-risk influenza (LR-I) group, and non-influenza (Non-I) group using a neural network and fuzzy clustering method (FCM). We conducted influenza screening for 35 seasonal influenza patients and 48 normal control subjects at the Japan Self-Defense Force Central Hospital. Pulse oximetry oxygen saturation (SpO(2)) was measured as a reference. RESULTS: The system classified 17 subjects into HR-I group, 26 into LR-I group, and 40 into Non-I group. Ten out of the 17 HR-I subjects indicated SpO(2) <96%, whereas only two out of the 26 LR-I subjects showed SpO(2) <96%. The chi-squared test revealed a significant difference in the ratio of subjects showed SpO(2) <96% between HR-I and LR-I group (p < 0.001). There were zero and nine normal control subjects in HR-I and LR-I groups, respectively, and there was one influenza patient in Non-I group. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of neural network and FCM achieved efficient detection of higher-risk influenza patients who indicated SpO(2) 96% within 10 s. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445314003788 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2014.12.007 id: cord-264285-1sne3ng1 author: Sze, Shirley title: Letter to the Editor: Variability but not admission or trends in NEWS2 score predicts clinical outcome in elderly hospitalised patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-05-29 words: 1201.0 sentences: 83.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-264285-1sne3ng1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-264285-1sne3ng1.txt summary: title: Letter to the Editor: Variability but not admission or trends in NEWS2 score predicts clinical outcome in elderly hospitalised patients with COVID-19 (4) Compared to other early warning scores, the NEWS Score has a greater ability to discriminate patients at risk of cardiac arrest, unanticipated intensive care unit admission or death. (5) Currently, guidance from the National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) supports the use of the NEWS2 score to risk assess patients with COVID-19 in the community, who may require hospitalisation. Figure 1 shows the trend in the National Early Warning Score2 (NEWS2) throughout hospitalisation, stratified by severity of NEWS2 on admission and clinical outcome. In our small pilot of elderly patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19, admission NEWS2 scores did not seem to be useful in predicting clinical outcomes. The ability of the National Early Warning Score (NEWS) to discriminate patients at risk of early cardiac arrest, unanticipated intensive care unit admission, and death abstract: • In elderly COVID-19 inpatients, admission NEWS2 scores did not predict mortality. • Of components of NEW2 score, only systolic blood pressure predicted mortality. • A high variability in NEW2 score predicted mortality. • NEWS2 score does not consider the degree of supplemental oxygen patients require. • A more sensitive early warning score for COVID-19 is needed. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32479770/ doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.063 id: cord-254556-1zthrgy1 author: Taylor, Sylvia title: Respiratory viruses and influenza-like illness: Epidemiology and outcomes in children aged 6 months to 10 years in a multi-country population sample date: 2016-09-22 words: 4550.0 sentences: 242.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-254556-1zthrgy1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-254556-1zthrgy1.txt summary: METHODS: The epidemiology of respiratory viruses among healthy children (6 months to <10 years) with influenza-like illness (ILI) was determined in a population sample derived from an influenza vaccine trial (NCT01051661) in 17 centers in eight countries (Australia, South East Asia and Latin America). As part of a trial of pandemic influenza vaccines, which included 1 year of prospective, active, community-based surveillance for influenza-like illness (ILI) in 17 centers in eight countries, 8 we evaluated the prevalence and incidence of respiratory viruses in children 6 months to less than 10 years of age at first vaccination. Rhinovirus/enterovirus had the highest prevalence and incidence in ILI of all respiratory viruses tested in all countries, followed by influenza, adenovirus, parainfluenza and RSV, coronavirus, hMPV and HBov. The burden of ILI associated with respiratory viruses was considerable, with a high proportion of children being seen by a medical professional and many missing school or daycare. abstract: BACKGROUND: Better population data on respiratory viruses in children in tropical and southern hemisphere countries is needed. METHODS: The epidemiology of respiratory viruses among healthy children (6 months to <10 years) with influenza-like illness (ILI) was determined in a population sample derived from an influenza vaccine trial (NCT01051661) in 17 centers in eight countries (Australia, South East Asia and Latin America). Active surveillance for ILI was conducted for approximately 1 year (between February 2010 and August 2011), with PCR analysis of nasal and throat swabs. RESULTS: 6266 children were included, of whom 2421 experienced 3717 ILI episodes. Rhinovirus/enterovirus had the highest prevalence (41.5%), followed by influenza (15.8%), adenovirus (9.8%), parainfluenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (both 9.7%), coronavirus (5.6%), human metapneumovirus (5.5%) and human bocavirus (HBov) (2.0%). Corresponding incidence per 100 person-years was 29.78, 11.34, 7.03, 6.96, 6.94, 4.00, 3.98 and 1.41. Except for influenza, respiratory virus prevalence declined with age. The incidence of medically-attended ILI associated with viral infection ranged from 1.03 (HBov) to 23.69 (rhinovirus/enterovirus). The percentage of children missing school or daycare ranged from 21.4% (HBov) to 52.1% (influenza). CONCLUSIONS: Active surveillance of healthy children provided evidence of respiratory illness burden associated with several viruses, with a substantial burden in older children. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27667752/ doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2016.09.003 id: cord-282821-qvtvpnrr author: Thijsen, Steven title: Elevated nucleoprotein-induced interferon-γ release in COVID-19 patients detected in a SARS-CoV-2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay date: 2020-06-12 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445320303959?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.015 id: cord-310001-qng7h5cj author: Tomlins, Jennifer title: Clinical features of 95 sequential hospitalised patients with novel coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19), the first UK cohort date: 2020-04-27 words: 1288.0 sentences: 62.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-310001-qng7h5cj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310001-qng7h5cj.txt summary: title: Clinical features of 95 sequential hospitalised patients with novel coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19), the first UK cohort Clinical features of 95 sequential hospitalised patients with novel coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19), the first UK cohort. Sir, Wang and colleagues recently reported in this journal the characteristics and prognostic factors of novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) disease in 339 patients over 60 years of age presenting to Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University in Wuhan, China 1 . Numerous other case series of hospitalised patients in China have provided valuable insight into the clinical features of disease, risk factors for severity and case fatality rate. It is anticipated that age and the frequency of coexisting comorbidities in the UK population are likely to be strong drivers of outcome of and mortality in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 disease. We found a much higher median age and case fatality rate than that reported by other studies of all hospitalised patients with COVID-19. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0163445320302322 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.04.020 id: cord-338333-yvm3d6xy author: Tu, Danna title: Immunological detection of serum antibodies in pediatric medical workers exposed to varying levels of SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-07-25 words: 1067.0 sentences: 67.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-338333-yvm3d6xy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-338333-yvm3d6xy.txt summary: title: Immunological detection of serum antibodies in pediatric medical workers exposed to varying levels of SARS-CoV-2 • Pediatric healthcare workers are at risk for SARS-CoV-2 transmission from children and aerosols increase SARS-CoV-2 infection rate. Here we would like to share our finding about the serum antibodies analyzed in a special group of pediatric medical workers exposed to varying levels of SARS-CoV-2 after Wuhan severe epidemic of COVID-19. The overall positive rate for SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM antibodies in the pediatric medical workers was 43.08 and 5.85%, respectively. This research revealed that pediatric medical workers are a high-risk group for infection by SARS-CoV-2, and the higher the exposure levels to COVID-19 patients and aerosol production, the greater chance of being infected. Table 1 Test results of serum antibodies in pediatric medical workers exposed to different levels of SARS-CoV-2 High SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence among healthcare workers exposed to COVID-19 patients abstract: • Pediatric healthcare workers are at risk for SARS-CoV-2 transmission from children and aerosols increase SARS-CoV-2 infection rate. • ELISA and dual-target fluorescence accurately detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies indicated that antibody detection should be considered as an auxiliary diagnosis of COVID-19. • Antibody positive subjects tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies and SARS-CoV-2 antibodies diminish to near undetectable levels within two months. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0163445320305041 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.07.023 id: cord-282433-p6jl9gxf author: Tu, Xinyi title: Functional polymorphisms of the CCL2 and MBL genes cumulatively increase susceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection date: 2015-03-27 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess associations between the functional polymorphisms G-2518A at the chemokine (C–C motif) ligand 2 gene (CCL2) and mannose binding lectin (MBL) codon 54 variant (A/B) and susceptibility to SARS. METHODS: We genotyped the CCL2 G-2518A and MBL codon 54 variant (A/B) in 4 case–control populations of Chinese descent, totally consisting of 932 patients with SARS and 982 control subjects. RESULTS: Both the high-CCL2-producing GG genotype and the low-MBL-producing B allele were consistently associated with increased risks of SARS-CoV infection in all 4 case–control populations (joint P = 1.6 × 10(−4) and 4.9 × 10(−8), for CCL2 and MBL respectively), with no interaction between polymorphisms could be detected. Furthermore, all the 4 case–control studies demonstrated a cumulative effect on risk of SARS-CoV infection for the combination of polymorphisms (joint P = 1.3 × 10(−10)). However, tests using the area under the curve (AUC) indicated that at this stage, the polymorphisms were unlikely to be appropriate for risk prediction testing because of low AUC values (all <66%). Additionally, no association was observed between the polymorphisms and severity of SARS. CONCLUSIONS: The CCL2 G-2518A and MBL codon 54 variant have a significantly cumulative effect on increased risk of SARS-CoV infection. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2015.03.006 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2015.03.006 id: cord-304176-yloqrblw author: Tunesi, S. title: Prescribing COVID-19 treatments: what we should never forget date: 2020-05-13 words: 701.0 sentences: 42.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-304176-yloqrblw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304176-yloqrblw.txt summary: authors: Tunesi, S.; Bourgarit, A. COVID-19-induced proinflammatory status looks to trigger most severe SARS-CoV-2 forms (2). Many drugs have been hypothesized to be directly active against COVID-19 only because of a supposed antiviral activity: remdesivir, a molecule originally tested against Ebola virus, shows in vivo activity against MERS-CoV (5) but there is actually no real evidence of in vivo activity against COVID-19; lopinavir/ritonavir, a well-known protease inhibitor used in HIV treatment, has been widely used before randomized clinical trials showed his inefficacy in mortality reduction (6); chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, which are largely used in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment, show modest antiviral effects, but mortality due to QT elongation-related cardiac events is a matter of concern (7). Conversely, preliminary data about a potential role of ACE inhibitors in favouring the onset of severe forms of SARS-CoV-2 infection induced a massive change in antihypertensive drugs prescription that caused the onset of severe cardiovascular events (9). abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.018 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.018 id: cord-303904-8ubm0kig author: Verhagen, Lilly M. title: Respiratory infections in Eñepa Amerindians are related to malnutrition and Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage date: 2013-06-22 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: OBJECTIVES: High acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) rates are observed in indigenous populations. We assessed the role of viral infections and nasopharyngeal bacterial carriage in ARTIs in Eñepa Amerindians from Venezuela. METHODS: In 40 children aged 0–10 years with ARTIs, healthy nearest-age sibling controls and their mothers the presence of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Moraxella catarrhalis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae/psittachi and 15 respiratory viruses was investigated. RESULTS: S. pneumoniae was the most frequently detected pathogen, with carriage rates of 75% and 38% in children and mothers respectively. In children, S. pneumoniae carriage was associated with ARTI risk in multivariate analysis (OR 14.1, 95% CI 1.4–137.7). Viral infections were not associated with ARTI risk. S. pneumoniae carriage was common in children of all ages while viral co-infections were more frequently present in children under 4 years compared to older children (46% vs. 17%, p < 0.01). An increase of one unit height-for-age Z score (i.e. improved chronic nutritional status) was associated with decreased odds of S. pneumoniae colonization in multivariate analysis (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.44–0.99). CONCLUSIONS: In Eñepa children high S. pneumoniae carriage rates associated with a poor nutritional status contribute to the development of ARTIs. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445313001588 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2013.06.010 id: cord-354612-7f91l0n9 author: Villar, Livia Melo title: USEFULNESS OF SALIVA SAMPLES FOR DETECTING SARS-CoV-2 RNA AMONG LIVER DISEASE PATIENTS date: 2020-07-23 words: 572.0 sentences: 51.0 pages: flesch: 65.0 cache: ./cache/cord-354612-7f91l0n9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354612-7f91l0n9.txt summary: title: USEFULNESS OF SALIVA SAMPLES FOR DETECTING SARS-CoV-2 RNA AMONG LIVER DISEASE PATIENTS A total of four individuals (two hepatitis cases and two without liver disease) were negative to SARS CoV-2 in NPS and saliva (100% of specificity). Positive concordant results in NPS and saliva were observed in seven individuals (two hepatitis cases and 5 without liver disease) until 7 days after onset of symptoms (100% of sensitivity). This is the first report of SARS CoV-2 detection in saliva samples among liver disease patients showing best results until 7 days of beginning of symptoms. In addition, there is no information regarding the usefulness of saliva for detecting SARS CoV-2 RNA in individuals presenting comorbidities, such as liver disease. Since saliva can be collected easily, SARS CoV-2 RNA detection in saliva can be useful strategy to increase the access of sample collection for the diagnosis of COVID-19 in patients with liver disease. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445320304916?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.07.017 id: cord-350670-qk76szs0 author: Vrsalovic, Mislav title: Cardiac injury and mortality in COVID-19: a reappraisal date: 2020-06-30 words: 579.0 sentences: 42.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-350670-qk76szs0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350670-qk76szs0.txt summary: Based on the aforementioned methodological issues we performed an additional sub-analysis that included the two largest studies from Wuhan, China, which included 940 patients with COVID-19 (Table 1) , accounting for the fact that both studies analysed hospitalized cases with severe and critical illness. Meta-analysis of those studies that reported adjusted HR (using the generic inverse variance method and fixed effects model), showed a significant association between elevated troponin values and mortality (HR = 3.08; 95% CI 1.95 -4.87) (Fig. 1) , and no significant heterogeneity between studies was detected (Cochran Q = 0.44, p = 0.50). Cardiac injury and prognosis in covid-19: methodological considerations and updated meta-analysis Cardiac troponins predict mortality in patients with COVID-19: A meta-analysis of adjusted risk estimates Risk factors for severity and mortality in adult COVID-19 inpatients in Wuhan Characteristics and clinical significance of myocardial injury in patients with severe coronavirus disease abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0163445320304473 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.068 id: cord-281984-en9825p9 author: Wang, Shijie title: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio at admission is an independent risk factors for the severity and mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 date: 2020-09-24 words: 715.0 sentences: 53.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-281984-en9825p9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281984-en9825p9.txt summary: title: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio at admission is an independent risk factors for the severity and mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019  The level of NLR at admission could be independent risk factors for the severe disease and the mortality of COVID-19.  The level of NLR at admission could be independent risk factors for the severe disease and the mortality of COVID-19. have been published in your journal and reported that the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an independent risk factor for the mortality of the COVID-19 patients. In conclusion, we found that the level of NLR at admission could be independent risk factors for the prognosis of COVID-19, not only for the mortality but also for the disease severity. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as an independent risk factor for mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 abstract: • The level of NLR at admission could be independent risk factors for the severe disease and the mortality of COVID-19. • The predictive value of NLR for poor prognosis was more significant in patients without other potential risk factors. • NLR could help physicians rapidly identify high-risk patients and adopt timely intervention. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32979408/ doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.09.022 id: cord-280188-gir0y1m1 author: Wang, Yanqun title: Genetic characterization of human bocavirus among children with severe acute respiratory infection in China date: 2016-06-13 words: 3022.0 sentences: 170.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-280188-gir0y1m1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280188-gir0y1m1.txt summary: title: Genetic characterization of human bocavirus among children with severe acute respiratory infection in China OBJECTIVES: To investigate the genetic character of Human bocavirus (HBoV) among children with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) in China. The nucleotide deletions and substitutions occurred in NP1 and VP1 represented novel molecular signatures enabling subtype differentiation between HBoVs. CONCLUSIONS: We described some new characteristics in the epidemiology of HBoV among children with SARI, these data will significantly expand the current knowledge of HBoV epidemic and genomic characterization among children with SARI. Through high-throughput sequencing, four complete genomes of HBoV were obtained (KM464728, KM464729, Figure 1 Phylogenetic analysis of HBoV detected among Children with SARI. However, the infection rates of HBoV among hospitalized children with SARI in three different regions were almost consistent (21.6%, 22.5% and 17.7%). Surveillance and genome analysis of human bocavirus in patients with respiratory infection in abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the genetic character of Human bocavirus (HBoV) among children with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) in China. METHODS: We screened 993 respiratory samples for HBoV by PCR among hospitalized children with SARI between September 2007 and March 2014. Four of HBoV1 samples were selected for complete genomes analysis by next-generation sequencing. RESULTS: The results show that 200 (20.1%) out of 993 samples were HBoV-positive, most of these HBoV belong to HBoV1 subtype (n = 197), HBoV2 (n = 1) and HBoV3 (n = 2) were also detected. Fifty (5.04%) of 993 SARI patient were detected as HBoV-positive only. Four HBoV1 genomes in this study were conserved and showed no significant difference among the nucleotide diversity from different regions. Analyses of evolutionary rates showed that NS1 exhibited the highest degree of conservation while the VP1 gene exhibited the fastest rate of evolution at 4.20 × 10(−4) substitutions/site/year. The nucleotide deletions and substitutions occurred in NP1 and VP1 represented novel molecular signatures enabling subtype differentiation between HBoVs. CONCLUSIONS: We described some new characteristics in the epidemiology of HBoV among children with SARI, these data will significantly expand the current knowledge of HBoV epidemic and genomic characterization among children with SARI. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445316301232 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2016.05.014 id: cord-255174-h1izji2g author: Wei, Yuan-Yuan title: Risk factors for severe COVID-19: evidence from 167 hospitalized patients in Anhui, China date: 2020-04-17 words: 951.0 sentences: 60.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-255174-h1izji2g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255174-h1izji2g.txt summary: It is very important to analyse the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in international regions and identify risk factors to reduce the incidence of severe and critical illness in the early stage. In this letter, we present discrepancies of patients with different disease severities and risk factors for severe COVID-19 by comparing and analysing epidemiological and clinical data of 167 confirmed patients in Anhui, China. There are still no specific therapies for COVID-19(1); nevertheless, assessing risk factors and symptomatic treatment in the early stage of the disease can improve the prognosis. The similarities and differences between severe and non-severe patients in this letter suggested that elderly patients with multiple comorbidities, hypoxia, decreased CD4 and CD8 cell counts and increased levels of CRP and IL-6 are all closely associated with disease severity and prognosis, which should be assessed seriously during diagnosis and treatment. MDT consultation and artificial liver therapy are very effective methods for severe patients with COVID-19. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016344532030219X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.04.010 id: cord-288366-xe3pxrhv author: Wellbelove, Zoe title: Comparing the 4C mortality score for COVID-19 to established scores (CURB65, CRB65, qSOFA, NEWS) for respiratory infection patients date: 2020-10-25 words: 680.0 sentences: 38.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-288366-xe3pxrhv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-288366-xe3pxrhv.txt summary: title: Comparing the 4C mortality score for COVID-19 to established scores (CURB65, CRB65, qSOFA, NEWS) for respiratory infection patients Comparing the 4C mortality score for COVID-19 to established scores (CURB65, CRB65, qSOFA, NEWS) for respiratory infection patients We compared the newly validated 4C mortality score to the established CURB65, CRB65 and qSOFA scores in the prediction of 30-day mortality in a variety of existing respiratory infection cohorts in an exploratory analysis. Data from various previous studies performed in Dundee 3 , Hull 4 and South Yorkshire 5 of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), and influenza (flu), respectively, plus a COVID-19 cohort (local ISARIC study patients 2 ) were analysed. The 4C mortality score had the greatest AUROC in COVID 19, CAP and IPD patients (0.83, 0.78 and 0.74, respectively) and had a similar AUROC, compared to the other scores (except NEWS, which was not calculable), in the influenza cohort (0.88). abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.10.015 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.10.015 id: cord-322812-9u3ptqjs author: Wells, Philippa M. title: Estimates of the rate of infection and asymptomatic COVID-19 disease in a population sample from SE England date: 2020-10-15 words: 3730.0 sentences: 197.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-322812-9u3ptqjs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-322812-9u3ptqjs.txt summary: METHODS: We undertook enzyme linked immunosorbent assay characterisation of IgM and IgG responses against SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and nucleocapsid protein of 431 unselected general-population participants of the TwinsUK cohort from South-East England, aged 19-86 (median age 48; 85% female). 382 participants completed prospective logging of 14 COVID-19 related symptoms via the COVID Symptom Study App, allowing consideration of serology alongside individual symptoms, and a predictive algorithm for estimated COVID-19 previously modelled on PCR positive individuals from a dataset of over 2 million. We undertook a population-based study of the humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2, with regards to longitudinal clinical symptoms collected through a mobile phone app in a population-based sample of 431 TwinsUK volunteers. For three months prior to the visit, the majority of participants had completed regular logging of symptoms, via the C-19 Covid Symptom Study app 5 , enabling measurement of antibody response to COVID-19 with regards to clinical symptoms. abstract: BACKGROUND: Understanding of the true asymptomatic rate of infection of SARS-CoV-2 is currently limited, as is understanding of the population-based seroprevalence after the first wave of COVID-19 within the UK. The majority of data thus far come from hospitalised patients, with little focus on general population cases, or their symptoms. METHODS: We undertook enzyme linked immunosorbent assay characterisation of IgM and IgG responses against SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and nucleocapsid protein of 431 unselected general-population participants of the TwinsUK cohort from South-East England, aged 19-86 (median age 48; 85% female). 382 participants completed prospective logging of 14 COVID-19 related symptoms via the COVID Symptom Study App, allowing consideration of serology alongside individual symptoms, and a predictive algorithm for estimated COVID-19 previously modelled on PCR positive individuals from a dataset of over 2 million. FINDINGS: We demonstrated a seroprevalence of 12% (51participants of 431). Of 48 seropositive individuals with full symptom data, nine (19%) were fully asymptomatic, and 16 (27%) were asymptomatic for core COVID-19 symptoms: fever, cough or anosmia. Specificity of anosmia for seropositivity was 95%, compared to 88% for fever cough and anosmia combined. 34 individuals in the cohort were predicted to be Covid-19 positive using the App algorithm, and of those, 18 (52%) were seropositive. INTERPRETATION: Seroprevalence amongst adults from London and South-East England was 12%, and 19% of seropositive individuals with prospective symptom logging were fully asymptomatic throughout the study. Anosmia demonstrated the highest symptom specificity for SARS-CoV-2 antibody response. FUNDING: NIHR BRC, CDRF, ZOE global LTD, RST-UKRI/MRC url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0163445320306538 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.10.011 id: cord-260925-puuqv6zk author: Wen, Feng title: Identification of the hyper-variable genomic hotspot for the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-03-05 words: 1171.0 sentences: 70.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-260925-puuqv6zk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260925-puuqv6zk.txt summary: title: Identification of the hyper-variable genomic hotspot for the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 The sequences NC_004718.3 of SARS coronavirus 6 genes were utilized to define the protein products of SARS-CoV-2. First, the protein sequences of SARS-CoV-2 were compared with RaTG13, human SARS (NC_004718.3), bat SARS (DQ022305.2), and human MERS (NC_019843.3) by calculating the similarity in a given sliding window ( Fig. 1 A) . These results suggested that there had probably been no hyper-variable genomic hotspot in the SARS-CoV-2 population until now. The hyper-variable genomic hotspot has been established in the SARS-CoV-2 population at the nucleotide but not the amino acid level, suggesting that there have been no beneficial mutations. mutations in nsp1, nsp3, nsp15, and gene S that identified in this study would be associated with the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic and was worthy of further study. The genome sequence of the SARS-associated coronavirus abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.027 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.027 id: cord-336591-a31oe7kc author: Wong, Martin title: Evaluation on different non-pharmaceutical interventions during COVID-19 pandemic: an analysis of 139 countries date: 2020-06-21 words: 736.0 sentences: 43.0 pages: flesch: 43.0 cache: ./cache/cord-336591-a31oe7kc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336591-a31oe7kc.txt summary: We extracted the rate of increase in cumulative incidence for each country between 15 April to 30 April, 2020 from the COVID-19 data repository of the Johns Hopkins Centre for Systems Science and Engineering [3] . A linear regression model was constructed to examine the association between average stringency index and increase in incidence of COVID-19 cases as the outcome variable. The distribution of the Government response stringency index in various countries shows its increase over time (01 March, 2020 to 31, March 2020) [7] , probably due to the increase in incidence in this period. In multivariaable regression analysis of data in 139 countries (Table 1) , a higher stringency index was significantly associated with lower incidence increase between 15 The findings of this study showed that more stringent containment and control measures could potentially lead to better COVID-19 pandemic control. abstract: nan url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0163445320304266 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.044 id: cord-287823-avi14ee5 author: Wong, Martin CS title: The potential impact of vulnerability and coping capacity on the pandemic control of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-28 words: 1051.0 sentences: 63.0 pages: flesch: 44.0 cache: ./cache/cord-287823-avi14ee5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287823-avi14ee5.txt summary:  We examined if these dimensions were associated with COVID-19 pandemic control  Higher vulnerability and poorer coping capacity were associated with poorer control  Modifying these two dimensions might potentially mitigate COVID-19 pandemic control Dear Editor, Worldwide, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has induced a substantial global burden. On the contrary, a recent study published in the Journal of Infection examined the association between country-specific global health security index (GHSI) and the burden of COVID-19, but the findings showed that countries with higher GHSI did not have higher COVID-19 rate and had greater number of COVID-19 cases and deaths. We aimed to evaluate if countries with lower vulnerability and higher coping capacity were associated with better control of the COVID-19 pandemic, as measured by incidence and mortality outcomes. From multivariate regression analysis ( Table 1) , countries with higher vulnerability were significantly associated with higher maximum 14-day cumulative incidence since the first case ( coefficient Our findings imply that reducing vulnerability and enhancing capacity to cope could potentially mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic. abstract: • The European commission has developed an index for risk management named INFORM; • Two dimensions (vulnerability and lack of coping capacity) are relevant to COVID-19; • We examined if these dimensions were associated with COVID-19 pandemic control; • Higher vulnerability and poorer coping capacity were associated with poorer control; • Modifying these two dimensions might potentially mitigate COVID-19 pandemic control. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0163445320303376 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.060 id: cord-352111-frk319q1 author: Woodruff, Amelita title: COVID-19 Follow up Testing date: 2020-05-11 words: 633.0 sentences: 47.0 pages: flesch: 64.0 cache: ./cache/cord-352111-frk319q1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352111-frk319q1.txt summary: • 70% of patients met CDC guidelines for release from quarantine & still tested (+); • The average time from onset of symptoms to negative testing was 19 days.  70% of patients met CDC guidelines for release from quarantine & still tested (+)  The average time from onset of symptoms to negative testing was 19 days Dear Editor, There is some uncertainty regarding the incubation period of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The non-test-based strategy recommends that COVID-19 patients can discontinue self-isolation when they have been afebrile for 72 hours without anti-pyretic medications, have improvement in respiratory symptoms, and have at least 10 days elapse since symptoms started, recently increased from 7 days. The test-based strategy requires resolution of fever without the use of anti-pyretics, improvement of respiratory symptoms, and two consecutive negative COVID-19 nasopharyngeal swabs collected ≥24 hours apart. In our patient population, the average time from the onset of symptoms to negative testing is 19 days. abstract: • Positive cases of SARS-CoV-2 were seen in the Mayo Clinic FL COVID Virtual Clinic. • 70% of patients met CDC guidelines for release from quarantine & still tested (+); • The average time from onset of symptoms to negative testing was 19 days. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445320302899?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.012 id: cord-284853-6efhdogi author: Xie, Yun title: Effect of regular intravenous immunoglobulin therapy on prognosis of severe pneumonia in patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-04-10 words: 1831.0 sentences: 100.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-284853-6efhdogi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-284853-6efhdogi.txt summary: Intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG) has been clinically used as an adjunctive drug in the treatment of severe pneumonia caused by influenza [3] , but there is controversy about its therapeutic effect on COVID-19 pneumonia, despite inclusion in the seventh edition of the guidelines stating that it can be considered for use in severe and critically ill patients. For this reason, this study retrospectively observed the relationship between the prognosis of patients with severe and critical COVID-19 pneumonia and the adjuvant therapy of IVIG and explored whether IVIG could improve the clinical symptoms, laboratory examination and prognosis of these patients. In summary, initiation of IVIG as adjuvant treatment for COVID-19 pneumonia within 48 hours of admission to the ICU can reduce the use of mechanical ventilation, shorten the hospital length of stay, promote the early recovery of patients, and improve the effective treatment of patients to achieve significant clinical efficacy. abstract: • Initiation of IVIG as adjuvant treatment for COVID-19 pneumonia within 48 hours of admission to the ICU can reduce the use of mechanical ventilation . • Initiation of IVIG as adjuvant treatment for COVID-19 pneumonia within 48 hours of admission to the ICU can reduce hospital length of stay and length of stay in ICU. • Initiation of IVIG as adjuvant treatment for COVID-19 pneumonia within 48 hours of admission to the ICU can reduce 28-day mortality of patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445320301729?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.044 id: cord-309577-438fotfd author: Xing, Yuhan title: Dynamics of faecal SARS-CoV-2 in infected children during the convalescent phase date: 2020-04-10 words: 965.0 sentences: 73.0 pages: flesch: 56.0 cache: ./cache/cord-309577-438fotfd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309577-438fotfd.txt summary: 1 We would like to share findings from our paediatric patients who were positive for nucleic acid testing for SARS-CoV-2 in stools up to 8-20 days after clearance of viral RNA in respiratory specimens. Surprisingly, we found SARS-CoV-2 remained detectable in faeces of paediatric patients for approximately 4 weeks, whereas negative conversion of viral RNA in respiratory specimens occurred within 2 weeks after disease onset. Two children showed negative results for faecal detection of SARS-CoV-2 20 days after clear-ance of viral RNA in the respiratory tract, while another child persistently tested positive on faecal samples even 8 days after respiratory samples turning negative. Faecal shedding of viral RNA has been constantly reported in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. 7 -10 One study reported over half of the 17 patients had faecal samples positive for SARS-CoV-2 detection, although virus copies in stools were less than those in respiratory specimens. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32283149/ doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.049 id: cord-266033-gbx48scp author: Xu, Yu-Huan title: Clinical and computed tomographic imaging features of novel coronavirus pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-02-25 words: 3082.0 sentences: 153.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-266033-gbx48scp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266033-gbx48scp.txt summary: Based on the fifth edition of the China Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment Plan of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Infection by the National Health Commission (Trial Version 5), 6 the NCP was classified into four types: mild with slight clinical symptoms but no imaging presentations of pneumonia; common with fever, respiratory symptoms and imaging presentations of pneumonia; severe type with any of the following: respiratory distress with RR > 30 times/minutes, oxygen saturation at rest < 93%, or PaO2/FiO2 < 300 mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa); critically severe type with any of the following: respiratory failure needing mechanical ventilation, shock, or combination with other organ failure needing ICU intensive care. Fifty patients with NCP caused by infection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus were enrolled and had high-resolution pulmonary CT scanning, including mild type in nine, common in 28, severe in 10 and critically severe in the rest three ( Table 1 ). abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical and imaging characteristics of computed tomography (CT) in novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) caused by SARS-CoV-2. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on the imaging findings of patients confirmed with COVID-19 pneumonia who had chest CT scanning and treatment after disease onset. The clinical and imaging data were analyzed. RESULTS: Fifty patients were enrolled, including mild type in nine, common in 28, severe in 10 and critically severe in the rest three. Mild patients (29 years) were significantly (P<0.03) younger than either common (44.5 years) or severe (54.7) and critically severe (65.7 years) patients, and common patients were also significantly (P<0.03) younger than severe and critically severe patients. Mild patients had low to moderate fever (<39.1 °C), 49 (98%) patients had normal or slightly reduced leukocyte count, 14 (28%) had decreased counts of lymphocytes, and 26 (52%) patients had increased C-reactive protein. Nine mild patients were negative in CT imaging. For all the other types of NCP, the lesion was in the right upper lobe in 30 cases, right middle lobe in 22, right lower lobe in 39, left upper lobe in 33 and left lower lobe in 36. The lesion was primarily located in the peripheral area under the pleura with possible extension towards the pulmonary hilum. Symmetrical lesions were seen in 26 cases and asymmetrical in 15. The density of lesion was mostly uneven with ground glass opacity as the primary presentation accompanied by partial consolidation and fibrosis. CONCLUSION: CT imaging presentations of NCP are mostly patchy ground glass opacities in the peripheral areas under the pleura with partial consolidation which will be absorbed with formation of fibrotic stripes if improved. CT scanning provides important bases for early diagnosis and treatment of NCP. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445320301006 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.017 id: cord-273751-61eeykj1 author: Yang, Zhenwei title: The effect of corticosteroid treatment on patients with coronavirus infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-04-10 words: 3003.0 sentences: 204.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-273751-61eeykj1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273751-61eeykj1.txt summary: title: The effect of corticosteroid treatment on patients with coronavirus infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis The inclusion criteria in this meta-analysis were as follows: (1) subjects in each study were patients with coronavirus infection; (2) the patients were divided into the experimental group using corticosteroids and the control group not using corticosteroids; (3) the outcomes included the use of corticosteroids in critical and noncritical patients, mortality, length of stay (LOS) and adverse reactions to corticosteroids. We extracted the following variables: the authors, the publication year, the study design, viral type, population, treatment details (including corticosteroid use, types and doses of corticosteroids, and other treatments), and outcome measures such as the use of corticosteroids in critical and non-critical patients, mortality, LOS and adverse reactions to corticosteroids (including bacterial infection, hyperglycemia, hypocalcemia and hypokalemia). In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the result indicated that patients with severe conditions were more likely to require corticosteroids therapy. abstract: OBJECTIVES: An outbreak of novel coronavirus in 2019 threatens the health of people, and there is no proven pharmacological treatment. Although corticosteroids were widely used during outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome, their efficacy remainedhighly controversial. We aimed to further evaluate the influence of corticosteroids on patients with coronavirus infection. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive search of literature published in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) from January 1, 2002 to March 15, 2020. All statistical analyses in this study were performed on stata14.0. RESULTS: A total of 5270 patients from 15 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The result indicated that critical patients were more likely to require corticosteroids therapy (risk ratio [RR] = 1.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.28-1.90, P<0.001). However, corticosteroid treatment was associated with higher mortality (RR = 2.11, 95%CI = 1.13-3.94, P = 0.019), longer length of stay (weighted mean difference [WMD] = 6.31, 95%CI = 5.26–7.37, P<0.001), a higher rate of bacterial infection (RR = 2.08, 95%CI = 1.54–2.81, P<0.001), and hypokalemia (RR = 2.21, 95%CI = 1.07–4.55, P = 0.032) but not hyperglycemia (RR = 1.37, 95%CI=0.68–2.76, P = 0.376) or hypocalcemia (RR = 1.35, 95%CI = 0.77–2.37, P = 0.302). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with severe conditions are more likely to require corticosteroids. Corticosteroid use is associated with increased mortality in patients with coronavirus pneumonia. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.062 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.062 id: cord-331931-2et3gcb5 author: Zeng, Jie title: Clinical and Imaging features of COVID-19 Patients: Analysis of Data from High-Altitude Areas date: 2020-04-08 words: 1198.0 sentences: 77.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-331931-2et3gcb5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331931-2et3gcb5.txt summary: title: Clinical and Imaging features of COVID-19 Patients: Analysis of Data from High-Altitude Areas This is the first report talking about the COVID-19 from high altitude areas. It is worth mentioning that a 77-years-old female patient had a history of tuberculosis, although only one lobe was involved with SARS-CoV-2, but still progresses to severe illness. There were 5 patients who had a negative initial CT scan but positive follow-up CT， which means that negative CT images cannot completely rule out COVID-19. In conclusion, this is the first report of COVID-19 in high altitude area in the world. Clinical characteristics and imaging manifestations of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19):A multi-center study in Wenzhou city Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.026 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.026 id: cord-315300-v3pxb997 author: Zhang, Haipeng title: CD4+T, CD8+T counts and severe COVID-19: A meta-analysis date: 2020-06-20 words: 780.0 sentences: 55.0 pages: flesch: 61.0 cache: ./cache/cord-315300-v3pxb997.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315300-v3pxb997.txt summary: A retrospective study by Liu et al was conducted to investigate the associated between lymphocyte subset counts and severe COVID-19 [1] . Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between CD4+T counts, CD8+T counts, CD4/CD8 ratio and the severity of COVID-19 patients. Trials providing data of counts of CD4+T, CD8+T or CD4/CD8 ratio in patients with non-severe or severe COVID-19 were included. It has been reported that low counts of CD4+T and CD8+T were associated with adverse outcome in patients with SARS, and the counts would rise dramatically when clinical symptoms improved [9] . Lymphocyte subset (CD4+, CD8+) counts reflect the severity of infection and predict the clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19 Predictors of mortality for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2: a prospective cohort study abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32569604/ doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.036 id: cord-007926-um2khqhn author: Zhang, Jiahao title: The continuous evolution and dissemination of 2019 novel human coronavirus date: 2020-02-22 words: 933.0 sentences: 55.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-007926-um2khqhn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-007926-um2khqhn.txt summary: With rapid dissemination of the 2019-nCoV, the viruses had been transmitted rapidly in more than 25 countries, and a steep increase in human infection with the 2019-nCoV occurred in China ( Fig. 1 ) . Most of the patients infected with novel 2019-nCoV had a history to the seafood and live animal markets, and the vendor used to sale wild animal species, including marmot, snake, leopard cat, bamboo rat, badger, and hedgehog in Huanan seafood wholesale market (Supplementary Figure S4 ), all of which were susceptible to the novel CoV in nature, indicating that it remains likely there was intermediate hosts in the transmission cascade from bats to humans ( Fig. 2 ) . Recently, the continuous interspecies transmission events of CoV occurred, including the emergence of MERS-CoV from camels to humans and swine acute diarrhea syndrome CoV from bat to swine, posing serious threats to public health. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7127192/ doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.001 id: cord-252980-1e28zj1d author: Zhang, Jiahao title: Insights into the cross-species evolution of 2019 novel coronavirus date: 2020-03-04 words: 1045.0 sentences: 75.0 pages: flesch: 62.0 cache: ./cache/cord-252980-1e28zj1d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-252980-1e28zj1d.txt summary: 5 Although humans and bats live in different environments, some wildlife species were susceptible to the novel coronaviruses in nature, highlighting that the need of tracing its origin of SARS-CoV-2 in wild animals. The similarity analysis of SARS-CoV-2 and the animal-origin coronaviruses demonstrated that recombination events were likely to occur in bat-and pangolin-origin coronaviruses (Supplementary Figure S1) . Although the S amino acid identities of pangolin-origin coronavirus exhibited lower amino acid identities with bat/RaTG13, it was noteworthy that six amino acids associated with the receptor binding preference of human receptor angiotensin converting enzyme II-464 L, 495F, 502Q, 503S, 510 N, and 514Y (SARS-CoV-2 numbering)-in the pangolin/1 coronavirus were the same as that of SARS-CoV-2 ( Fig. 2 ), but were distinct from that of the bat-origin coronaviruses. Besides, the PRRA-motif insertion was occurred in the S1/S2 junction of SARS-CoV-2; however, the PRRA-motif insertion in the pangolin-and bat-origin coronaviruses was missing (Supplementary Figure S4 ), suggesting that the convergent cross-species evolution of SARS-CoV-2-related coronaviruses. Discovery of a rich gene pool of bat SARS-related coronaviruses provides new insights into the origin of SARS coronavirus abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445320301067 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.025 id: cord-276991-gv1k7u7j author: Zhang, Xu title: Strategies to trace back the origin of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-08 words: 745.0 sentences: 49.0 pages: flesch: 58.0 cache: ./cache/cord-276991-gv1k7u7j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276991-gv1k7u7j.txt summary: The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the SARS-CoV-2, had raised great concern. Chinese authorities originally announced that the first infection case was reported on December 31, 2019, and many of the initial cases were linked directly to Huanan seafood market in Wuhan, in the Hubei province. The hypothesis that the outbreak originated at the market, with its initial transmission from live animals to human beings followed by rapid human-to-human transmission, is suggested to be most likely and convincing. Emergence of SARS-like coronavirus poses new challenge in China Novel coronavirus disease (Covid-19): the first two patients in the UK with person to person transmission Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China Emergence of SARS-like coronavirus in china: an update abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.032 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.032 id: cord-265772-diahoew3 author: Zhang, Yue title: Genotype shift in human coronavirus OC43 and emergence of a novel genotype by natural recombination date: 2014-12-18 words: 3950.0 sentences: 222.0 pages: flesch: 55.0 cache: ./cache/cord-265772-diahoew3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-265772-diahoew3.txt summary: METHODS: The full-length spike (S), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), and nucleocapsid (N) genes were amplified from each respiratory sample collected from 65 HCoV-OC43-positive patients between 2005 and 2012. In this study, we genotyped HCoV-OC43 by analyzing fulllength sequences of S, RdRp, N genes and viral genomes directly from respiratory samples collected from 65 HCoV-OC43 positive patients with acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) recruited from 2005 to 2012. The nucleotide sequence data of S, RdRp, N genes and viral genomes of HCoV-OC43 used in this study have been lodged in GenBank and the accession numbers are shown in Table S2 . To genotype the HCoV-OC43 samples, we constructed ML trees using the full-length sequences of S, RdRp and N genes amplified from the 65 respiratory samples of HCoV-OC43 positive patients in this study and compared them to those retrieved from GenBank (Fig. 1) . abstract: BACKGROUND: Human coronavirus (HCoV) OC43 is the most prevalent HCoV in respiratory tract infections. Its molecular epidemiological characterization, particularly the genotyping, was poorly addressed. METHODS: The full-length spike (S), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), and nucleocapsid (N) genes were amplified from each respiratory sample collected from 65 HCoV-OC43-positive patients between 2005 and 2012. Genotypes were determined by phylogenetic analysis. Recombination was analyzed based on full-length viral genome sequences. Clinical manifestations of each HCoV genotype infection were compared by reviewing clinical records. RESULTS: Sixty of these 65 samples belong to genotypes B, C and D. The remaining five strains had incongruent positions in the phylogenetic trees of the S, RdRp and N genes, suggesting a novel genotype emerging, designated as genotype E. Whole genome sequencing and bootscan analysis indicated that genotype E is generated by recombination between genotypes B, C and D. Temporal analysis revealed a sequential genotype replacement of C, B, D and E over the study period with genotype D being the dominant genotype since 2007. The novel genotype E was only detected in children younger than three years suffering from lower respiratory tract infections. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that HCoV-OC43 genotypes are evolving. Such genotype shift may be an adapting mechanism for HCoV-OC43 maintaining its epidemic. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2014.12.005 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2014.12.005 id: cord-025482-9iy4fxd5 author: Zhong, Yueyang title: COVID-19: Evidence of the Eye date: 2020-05-28 words: nan sentences: nan pages: flesch: nan cache: txt: summary: abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7255730/ doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.054 id: cord-318126-gg68o52z author: Zhou, Juan title: Observation and analysis of 26 cases of asymptomatic SARS-COV2 infection date: 2020-04-03 words: 972.0 sentences: 67.0 pages: flesch: 54.0 cache: ./cache/cord-318126-gg68o52z.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318126-gg68o52z.txt summary: We read with interest the article in this journal which revealed that CT scanning provides important bases for early diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 (Corona Virus Infection Disease 2019) which is caused by SARS-COV2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2). We observed and analyzed the phenotypic characteristics of asymptomatic individuals originating from the active detection of high-risk individuals who had close contacts with COVID-19 patients during isolated observation with viral nucleic acid positive. A total of 26 cases of asymptomatic infection were detected as SARS-COV2 positive through swab specimen between January 20 to February 30. These data showed that people of different ages are generally susceptible to SARS-COV2, but the average age of asymptomatic patients is lower than the reported age of COVID-19 patients which was 40-70 years old (propinquity 73%). These cases proved that asymptomatic SARS-COV2 carriers can also spread the virus before the https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.028 0163-4453/© 2020 The British Infection Association. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.028 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.028 id: cord-308501-z3eiac25 author: Zhu, Chengliang title: nBreastfeeding Risk from Detectable Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Breastmilk date: 2020-06-04 words: 847.0 sentences: 70.0 pages: flesch: 57.0 cache: ./cache/cord-308501-z3eiac25.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308501-z3eiac25.txt summary: An emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, imposes a great threat to global public health 1 . The transmission and pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 gradually known among various populations, but public health effects of COVID-19 on women and their outcomes should not be ignored 1, 2 . In pregnant and perinatal women, vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from infected mother to her newborn is a controversial issue [2] [3] [4] . Here, we represent clinical characteristics of COVID-19 pneumonia in puerperal women and evidence of SARS-CoV-2 shedding in her breastmilk. Possible Vertical Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 From an Infected Mother to Her Newborn Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: a retrospective review of medical records SARS-CoV-2 is not detectable in the vaginal fluid of women with severe COVID-19 infection. abstract: nan url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445320303790?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.001 id: cord-271957-osaycpe8 author: Zuin, Marco title: Arterial hypertension and risk of death in patients with COVID-19 infection: systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-04-11 words: 1196.0 sentences: 73.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-271957-osaycpe8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-271957-osaycpe8.txt summary: title: Arterial hypertension and risk of death in patients with COVID-19 infection: systematic review and meta-analysis Also other recent investigations have reported a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and a direct association between the severity of COVID-19 infection [2] . However, to the best of our knowledge, no previous meta-analyses have globally estimated the risk of death in hypertensive patients with COVID-19 infection. We therefore perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the risk of death in COVID-19 infection patients with and without HT. The analysis was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement (Supplementary file 1) [3] . Our brief meta-analysis demonstrated that patients with COVID-19 infection and HT have a significant high mortality risk. Prevalence of comorbidities in the novel Wuhan coronavirus (COVID-19) infection: a systematic review and metaanalysis abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32283158/ doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.059 id: cord-008695-y7il3hyb author: nan title: Pandemic Flu: Clinical management of patients with an influenza-like illness during an influenza pandemic date: 2007-01-25 words: 25924.0 sentences: 1616.0 pages: flesch: 46.0 cache: ./cache/cord-008695-y7il3hyb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-008695-y7il3hyb.txt summary: Children may be considered at increased risk of complications if they have cough and fever (or influenza-like illness) and temperature >38.5ºC, plus either chronic co-morbid disease or one of following features: breathing difficulties severe earache vomiting >24 hours drowsiness These patients should be offered an antibiotic as well as oseltamivir (in those >1 year of age) and advice on antipyretics and fluids. Children may be considered at increased risk of complications if they have: Cough and fever (or influenza-like illness) and temperature >38.5ºC and either (i) chronic co-morbid disease (see Appendix 2) or (ii) one of the following features • Breathing difficulties • Severe earache • Vomiting > 24 hours • Drowsiness These patients should be offered an antibiotic as well as oseltamivir (in those over one year of age) and advice on antipyretics and fluids. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7133687/ doi: 10.1016/s0163-4453(07)60001-2 id: cord-019964-9leljj8j author: nan title: Recent research in infectious disease date: 2005-01-22 words: 6108.0 sentences: 319.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-019964-9leljj8j.txt txt: ./txt/cord-019964-9leljj8j.txt summary: These patients had significantly longer hospital stays (mean, 27.2 versus 19.4 days) and a higher risk of having Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea (8.3% versus 1.9%), infection-related death (23.3% versus 13.6%), and all-cause mortality (30.8% versus 19.4%) than patients whose empiric therapy was appropriate. Data were available from three endocervical swabs and a urine specimen collected from each of 1,412 women and tested by three different NAATs. Results from all three assays were used equally in a rotating fashion to define the infected-patient gold standard. Multiple different infectedpatient gold standards for estimating swab and urine specimen sensitivity and specificity for one NAAT method were created by varying the number and combinations of swab and urine comparator results with two different NAATs, The effect of changing the infected-patient gold standard definition was determined by constructing receiver-operator-like curves with calculated sensitivities and specificities for each test. LOUIS (MD Consult)-Some studies suggest antiretroviral therapy is a risk factor for gynecomastia in men with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7133612/ doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2004.11.005 id: cord-019977-kj0eaw6v author: nan title: Neonatal bacterial infection: A changing scene? date: 2005-04-14 words: 1331.0 sentences: 71.0 pages: flesch: 48.0 cache: ./cache/cord-019977-kj0eaw6v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-019977-kj0eaw6v.txt summary: This time period coincided with the entry of paediatricians to newborn nurseries on a much larger scale than hitherto, with an increase in the use of antimicrobial drugs, and with the introduction of apparatus such as incubators, resuscitation and suction units, the humidification parts of which often harboured Gramnegative organisms, all capable of causing lethal disease in the infant. During the half century under review, mortality from neonatal bacteraemia fell from 9o per cent in the period I928-I933, ~ to z6 per cent in I966-I978 ;6 and the proportion of isolates recorded as recovered in the first 48 hours of life (early infections) increased from IO per cent to 57 per cent of the total respectively. 16 Clostridium difficile and its toxin may be present in the stools of many well newborn babies, but this organism has not been implicated in the genesis of neonatal necrotising enterocolitis as it has been with pseudomembranous colitis. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7133668/ doi: 10.1016/s0163-4453(82)91569-9 id: cord-030594-xhp8kin0 author: nan title: Dear the Editor, date: 2020-08-19 words: 854.0 sentences: 61.0 pages: flesch: 47.0 cache: ./cache/cord-030594-xhp8kin0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-030594-xhp8kin0.txt summary: have written to this journal regarding elevated admission levels of markers of liver injury (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin) may be associated with progression to severe disease or death in COVID-19. In critically ill patients with favorable outcome, cholinesterase, lymphocytes, albumin, and PaO 2 /FiO 2 ratio decreased but C-reactive protein increased toward the peak of inflammation. Later, C-reactive protein decreased with improvement in inflammation, but there was a tendency for cholinesterase, lymphocytes, albumin, and PaO 2 /FiO 2 ratio to increase. In contrast, in the severely ill patient who died, C-reactive protein poorly decreased, and cholinesterase, lymphocytes, albumin, and PaO 2 /FiO 2 ratio were not elevated. [4] Our study suggests that cholinesterase, which responds similar to the "negative" acute-phase proteins in response to inflammation, is reduced even in the acute phase of severe COVID-19 pneumonia. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7434637/ doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.08.021 id: cord-030636-wpjmwwpu author: nan title: Dear Editor, date: 2020-08-19 words: 994.0 sentences: 56.0 pages: flesch: 51.0 cache: ./cache/cord-030636-wpjmwwpu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-030636-wpjmwwpu.txt summary: authors: nan Despite the observation that elderly subjects are more susceptible to severe illness, probably due to underlying co-morbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular and cerebro-vascular diseases, 1,2 literature concerning geriatric patients with COVID-19 pneumonia remained very scant. We included in this analysis 118 consecutive patients; data on clinical and demographic characteristics, blood test results and COVID-19-related treatments were collected. Elderly patients have higher levels of inflammatory blood tests at the time of admission in the emergency department; in particular, elevated d-dimer levels was an independent predictor of mortality, confirming the close correlation between this parameter and the severity of COVID-19 disease. In conclusion, our study confirms that the majority of elderly subjects with COVID-19 pneumonia have an unfavorable outcome, especially in the very first days after admission. Analysis of epidemiological and clinical features in older patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outside Wuhan abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7437568/ doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.08.023 id: cord-321033-fusyx0t9 author: nan title: Follow-up study on pulmonary function and radiological changes in critically ill patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-05-27 words: 1234.0 sentences: 70.0 pages: flesch: 52.0 cache: ./cache/cord-321033-fusyx0t9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-321033-fusyx0t9.txt summary: 3 Most patients surviving from ARDS caused by other coronaviruses like SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus suffered from impaired pulmonary function and radiological abnormalities. Arterial blood gas analysis (ABGA) reported impaired oxygenation of PaO2/FiO2 at 213 mmHg. The diagnostic RT-PCR on a nasopharyngeal swab specimen was positive for SARS-CoV-2 and a chest CT scan illustrated bilateral pneumonia ( Figure 1a ). On illness day 17, both oxygenation (PaO2/FiO2 348 mmHg) and chest CT significantly improved (Figure 1b) , and she was then weaned from mechanical ventilation. On illness day 12, he was transferred to the intensive care unit and converted to invasive mechanical ventilation because of worsening oxygenation (PaO2/FiO2 84 mmHg) and progressing abnormalities on chest CT scan with extensive ground-glass opacities and partial consolidation on bilateral lungs (Figure 2b ). Follow-up study on pulmonary function and lung radiographic changes in rehabilitating severe acute respiratory syndrome patients after discharge abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32473229/ doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.040 ==== make-pages.sh questions [ERIC WAS HERE] ==== make-pages.sh search /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/make-pages.sh: line 77: /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/tmp/search.htm: No such file or directory Traceback (most recent call last): File "/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/tsv2htm-search.py", line 51, in with open( TEMPLATE, 'r' ) as handle : htm = handle.read() FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/tmp/search.htm' ==== make-pages.sh topic modeling corpus Zipping study carrel