Summary of your 'study carrel' ============================== This is a summary of your Distant Reader 'study carrel'. The Distant Reader harvested & cached your content into a collection/corpus. It then applied sets of natural language processing and text mining against the collection. The results of this process was reduced to a database file -- a 'study carrel'. The study carrel can then be queried, thus bringing light specific characteristics for your collection. These characteristics can help you summarize the collection as well as enumerate things you might want to investigate more closely. This report is a terse narrative report, and when processing is complete you will be linked to a more complete narrative report. Eric Lease Morgan Number of items in the collection; 'How big is my corpus?' ---------------------------------------------------------- 50 Average length of all items measured in words; "More or less, how big is each item?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2111 Average readability score of all items (0 = difficult; 100 = easy) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 53 Top 50 statistically significant keywords; "What is my collection about?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14 COVID-19 10 Korea 7 SARS 6 MERS 5 patient 3 East 2 covid-19 2 March 2 CTC 1 virus 1 trial 1 screening 1 respiratory 1 rate 1 plasma 1 olfactory 1 journal 1 gene 1 event 1 disease 1 disaster 1 dementia 1 death 1 cell 1 caregiver 1 autopsy 1 ageusia 1 active 1 Zumba 1 USA 1 Seoul 1 Science 1 SFTS 1 RSV 1 NPIR 1 NEMA 1 Lee 1 LTBI 1 LRT 1 LFX 1 Kim 1 Hospital 1 HFNC 1 ESRD 1 Daegu 1 DXC 1 AMI 1 ALTE 1 AKI Top 50 lemmatized nouns; "What is discussed?" --------------------------------------------- 1427 patient 812 % 648 case 542 study 491 disease 459 infection 334 day 326 symptom 289 treatment 285 rate 277 coronavirus 273 contact 266 number 246 outbreak 246 hospital 244 test 237 group 228 time 204 risk 203 year 200 journal 194 result 191 datum 182 death 178 virus 176 age 168 health 157 disaster 155 facility 150 system 148 analysis 147 center 144 care 143 syndrome 139 pneumonia 138 characteristic 133 pandemic 131 level 125 transmission 122 trial 122 isolation 119 factor 117 cell 113 period 113 child 111 screening 109 room 109 diagnosis 108 sample 106 control Top 50 proper nouns; "What are the names of persons or places?" -------------------------------------------------------------- 642 COVID-19 465 Korea 274 SARS 211 CoV-2 175 MERS 168 TB 115 China 103 PCR 101 Korean 97 Fig 97 CoV 95 March 91 CTC 86 Disease 79 Daegu 77 Middle 77 East 76 February 74 Kim 73 Health 70 Seoul 70 Control 67 Hospital 65 ALTE 59 KCDC 58 Wuhan 58 Prevention 58 Coronavirus 54 • 52 National 52 DOI 52 Center 51 Table 51 Lee 50 Sci 50 Med 50 J 45 ESRD 44 World 44 RT 44 June 42 sha 42 Organization 41 al 40 RNA 40 . 39 University 39 Centers 38 mg 37 Society Top 50 personal pronouns nouns; "To whom are things referred?" ------------------------------------------------------------- 343 we 331 it 106 they 56 he 53 them 36 she 11 you 11 i 8 us 8 itself 5 themselves 2 oneself 2 me 2 her 1 ours 1 its 1 his 1 him 1 herself Top 50 lemmatized verbs; "What do things do?" --------------------------------------------- 4492 be 744 have 374 use 231 report 222 confirm 205 include 183 show 179 increase 141 perform 134 need 132 base 131 consider 126 require 118 do 112 follow 109 compare 107 relate 104 occur 103 identify 100 cause 98 reduce 95 estimate 94 accord 93 provide 92 associate 87 conduct 79 develop 70 suggest 69 receive 67 observe 67 diagnose 66 publish 64 infect 61 take 61 make 60 find 57 present 56 evaluate 56 collect 54 recommend 54 age 51 admit 50 prevent 50 die 50 analyze 49 suspect 49 improve 49 determine 49 detect 49 apply Top 50 lemmatized adjectives and adverbs; "How are things described?" --------------------------------------------------------------------- 402 not 328 high 298 respiratory 265 clinical 224 medical 221 severe 217 covid-19 215 - 212 also 203 more 202 first 198 other 196 such 183 however 144 infectious 129 most 126 low 121 only 117 acute 109 mild 105 positive 101 negative 99 human 97 public 96 viral 92 well 90 effective 89 previous 88 significant 84 social 84 olfactory 84 old 82 respectively 82 novel 79 important 78 therefore 77 korean 76 early 76 active 74 autopsy 74 as 72 total 70 non 66 many 66 daily 65 patient 65 new 65 different 64 latent 63 epidemiological Top 50 lemmatized superlative adjectives; "How are things described to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 47 most 41 high 38 Most 18 least 9 large 8 good 4 short 3 late 3 early 2 near 2 low 2 long 2 close 1 tough 1 great 1 busy 1 big 1 +24.6 Top 50 lemmatized superlative adverbs; "How do things do to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 82 most 19 least 1 worst 1 long 1 -test Top 50 Internet domains; "What Webbed places are alluded to in this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17 doi.org 16 jkms.org 4 dx.doi.org 1 www.who.int 1 www.textcheck.com 1 orcid.org 1 kosis.kr 1 icreat.nih.go.kr 1 creativecommons.org Top 50 URLs; "What is hyperlinked from this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------- 16 http://jkms.org 3 http://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e321 2 http://dx.doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2013.28.5.658 2 http://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e339 1 http://www.who.int/csr/don/archive/disease/coro-navirus_infections/en/ 1 http://www.textcheck.com/certificate/ixNwjT 1 http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4356-0561 1 http://kosis.kr/feature/feature_0102List.jsp?me-nuId 1 http://icreat.nih.go.kr 1 http://dx.doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2013.28.6.795 1 http://dx.doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2013 1 http://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e383 1 http://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e367 1 http://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e332 1 http://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e310 1 http://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e288 1 http://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e277 1 http://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e257 1 http://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e255 1 http://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e220 1 http://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e209 1 http://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e123 1 http://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2017.32 1 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Top 50 email addresses; "Who are you gonna call?" ------------------------------------------------- Top 50 positive assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-noun?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 patients receiving dialysis 5 results were negative 5 study has several 3 covid-19 confirmed cases 3 journals were oa 3 patients received negative 3 patients were asymptomatic 3 patients were not 3 results were similar 3 treatment did not 2 cases are mild 2 cases were asymptomatic 2 cases were different 2 contacts was higher 2 data included age 2 data were not 2 diseases having similar 2 group were significantly 2 infection is not 2 journals are globally 2 journals are small 2 journals were small 2 korea using disability 2 patients are more 2 patients did not 2 patients had aki 2 patients had hyposmia 2 patients is uncommon 2 patients received mv 2 patients require greater 2 patients required cpr 2 patients requiring ecmo 2 risks using standard 2 study did not 2 study had several 2 test was negative 2 years were more 1 % are critical 1 % are severe 1 % needed mv 1 % received mv 1 % show ed 1 % were female 1 % were male 1 % were mild 1 case had mild 1 case is not 1 case report smell 1 case reports inflammation 1 case showed placenta Top 50 negative assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-no|not-noun?" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 results showed no significant 1 % had no symptoms 1 % had no systemic 1 case is not only 1 cases had no diagnosable 1 data were not fully 1 death was not different 1 disease are not fully 1 groups was not possible 1 hospitals is not always 1 journals had no platforms 1 number was not available 1 outbreak was not severe 1 patient had no albuminuria 1 patient had no underlying 1 patient were not fully 1 patients had no previously 1 patients had no symptoms 1 patients reported no fever 1 patients were not much 1 rate was not measurable 1 results are not generalizable 1 results is not yet 1 results showed no differences 1 study are not final 1 study did not completely 1 study were not as 1 treatment is not necessarily 1 treatment were not significantly 1 virus is not easy 1 viruses do not chan A rudimentary bibliography -------------------------- id = cord-274788-oyk8js16 author = Bae, Sanghyuk title = Epidemiological Characteristics of COVID-19 Outbreak at Fitness Centers in Cheonan, Korea date = 2020-08-05 keywords = Korea; SARS; Zumba summary = doi = 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e288 id = cord-336225-ijodhrwf author = Chang, Mee Soo title = Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome: Tick-Mediated Viral Disease date = 2013-06-03 keywords = SFTS; virus summary = title: Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome: Tick-Mediated Viral Disease A small tick Haemaphysalis longicornis called ''Sochamjindeugi'' in Korean has bitten a week before, and an onset is characterized by fever, lymph node swelling, diarrhea, thrombocytopenia, leucocytopenia, multiorgan dysfunction, altered consciousness, and occasionally to death in extreme cases (1, 2) . This emerging febrile disease, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), was reported in 2007 by the New England Journal of Medicine (3) and Clinical Infectious Diseases (4) (5) (6) . The vaccine development to combat the SFTS virus is not easy due to its characteristics. Also any treatment by killing the virus is able to give human damage. Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome confirmed cases and follow-up measure Document for physicians about Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS) Epidemiologic features of severe Fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in China Person-to-person transmission of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome bunyavirus through blood contact doi = 10.3346/jkms.2013.28.6.795 id = cord-306092-5bi2q3jj author = Choi, Hee Joung title = Relationship between the Clinical Characteristics and Intervention Scores of Infants with Apparent Life-threatening Events date = 2015-05-13 keywords = ALTE; event; patient summary = title: Relationship between the Clinical Characteristics and Intervention Scores of Infants with Apparent Life-threatening Events We investigated the clinical presentations, diagnostic and therapeutic modalities, and prognosis from follow-up of infants with apparent life-threatening events (ALTE). In 1986, the National Institutes of Health consensus conference named these episodes apparent life-threatening events (ALTE) and defined them using the following criteria: some combination of central or obstructive apnea; color change; marked change in muscle tone; and choking or gagging (2) . In some studies, high-risk groups for ALTE were defined as 1) having events during sleep, 2) needing resuscitation, 3) having a subsequent similar episode, 4) being siblings of SIDS patients, and 5) developing a seizure disorder. A confirmed bacterial or viral infection, abnormal chest radiographic finding, ECG, 2-dimensional echocardiogram, upper gastrointestinal study, EEG, brain image study, and any test to characterize metabolic disease were classified as significant diagnostic interventions. doi = 10.3346/jkms.2015.30.6.763 id = cord-003258-yrbo0hdk author = Ha, Seok Gyun title = Therapeutic Efficacy and Safety of Prolonged Macrolide, Corticosteroid, Doxycycline, and Levofloxacin against Macrolide-Unresponsive Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia in Children date = 2018-09-18 keywords = DXC; LFX summary = doi = 10.3346/jkms.2018.33.e268 id = cord-011782-hz0rtgd1 author = Hong, Sung-Tae title = Status of Editing and Publishing of Scholarly Journals by Academic Societies of Science and Technology in Korea date = 2020-06-01 keywords = Science; journal summary = doi = 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e208 id = cord-270083-gm8i9olj author = Jang, Jong Geol title = Prognostic Factors for Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Daegu, Korea date = 2020-06-02 keywords = COVID-19 summary = CONCLUSION: In conclusion, we found that diabetes mellitus, body temperature ≥ 37.8°C, peripheral oxygen saturation < 92%, and CK-MB > 6.3 are independent predictors of severe disease in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Older age, male sex, presence of comorbidities, low oxygen saturation, and abnormal lab findings (high lactate dehydrogenase [LDH] , high procalcitonin, low CD4 cell count, low albumin level) were shown to be risk factors for severe However, patient-and disease-related factors vary from region to region, and these factors may be associated with the clinical severity of COVID19. We showed that the presence of diabetes mellitus, body temperature ≥ 37.8°C, peripheral oxygen saturation < 92%, and CK-MB > 6.3 were independent predictors of severe disease in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. doi = 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e209 id = cord-349812-nw1nlc1y author = Jang, Won Mo title = Social Distancing and Transmission-reducing Practices during the 2019 Coronavirus Disease and 2015 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Outbreaks in Korea date = 2020-06-09 keywords = Korea; MERS summary = doi = 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e220 id = cord-346842-ip4i3bdk author = Jeon, JuYeun title = The Impact of COVID-19 on the Conduct of Clinical Trials for Medical Products in Korea date = 2020-09-07 keywords = COVID-19; Korea; trial summary = METHODS: The impact on subject''s scheduled visits and major milestones of clinical trials in Korea were measured by conducting a survey among clinical project manager (CPMs) working at global clinical research organization. New approaches were necessary in clinical trials to eliminate the risk of infection by complying with the guideline and enable subjects to continue to participate in trials if no better alternative treatment options were available, for protecting the subjects'' safety and well-being. The study evaluated the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic and the KCDC disease control guideline on the conduct of clinical research in Korea, on subjects, investigators, monitor, pharmaceutical companies, Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) and regulatory authorities (RAs), in order to suggest recommendations for conducting clinical trials during the pandemic. The survey was distributed to total 140 clinical project manager (CPMs) who were working at global clinical research organization and responsible for trials performed in Korea, according to method of simple random sampling from February 24, 2020 to March 7, 2020. doi = 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e329 id = cord-341933-dwki1hwu author = Jeong, Han-Gil title = Therapeutic Temperature Modulation for a Critically Ill Patient with COVID-19 date = 2020-06-03 keywords = patient summary = We report a rapidly deteriorating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patient, a-58-year-old woman, with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and shock with hyperpyrexia up to 41.8°C, probably due to the cytokine storm syndrome. The therapeutic temperature modulation can safely be applied in a specific group of patients with cytokine storm syndrome and hyperpyrexia, which may reduce the number of patients requiring ECMO in the global medical resource shortage. The cytokine storm syndrome, which rapidly progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), shock, and multiorgan dysfunction, has been observed in a subgroup of patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). 3 We present the case of a COVID-19 patient whose condition rapidly deteriorated with hyperpyrexia but was successfully managed with therapeutic temperature modulation (TTM). 7 The therapeutic temperature modulation may safely be applied in a specific group of patients with cytokine storm syndrome and hyperpyrexia. doi = 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e210 id = cord-269885-r8molh8c author = Jeong, Soo Young title = MERS-CoV Infection in a Pregnant Woman in Korea date = 2017-08-08 keywords = East; MERS summary = doi = 10.3346/jkms.2017.32.10.1717 id = cord-344087-4f40zj13 author = Jo, Min-Woo title = The Burden of Disease due to COVID-19 in Korea Using Disability-Adjusted Life Years date = 2020-05-26 keywords = COVID-19; Korea summary = METHODS: We used data on confirmed cases and deaths due to COVID-19 between January 20 and April 24, 2020 provided by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the local governments and the public media to determine disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) by sex and age. For the calculation of the YLDs, we used the numbers of confirmed cases by sex and age group, the duration of disease, and disability weights (DWs). The numbers of confirmed cases of COVID-19 by sex or age group were obtained from Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC). To compare the results with previous studies, we estimated the YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs per 100,000 population for the mid-year population of 2019 by sex and age, using data from the Statistics Korea demographic survey. doi = 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e199 id = cord-285984-hjyqg8n5 author = Kim, Ahreum title = Factors Influencing the Diagnosis and Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis among Contacts in Congregated Settings in Korea date = 2019-05-07 keywords = LTBI summary = BACKGROUND: This study aimed to compare the indicators (the rates of diagnosis, need for treatment, treatment initiation, and treatment completion) of management of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in contacts and to identify the impact of active tuberculosis (TB) index case characteristics on the exposed population in congregated settings, such as schools, workplaces, and medical institutes. As shown in Table 3 , multilevel logistic regression analysis was performed using the diagnosis of latent TB in contacts, need for treatment, treatment initiation, and treatment completion as dependent variables, and the characteristics of the index case and cluster as independent variables; years were considered as a random effect. When compared by type of facility that index cases belonged to, other facilities showed significantly high ORs for rates of need for treatment of latent TB compared to schools (P < 0.001). 33 In this study, medical institutions had higher rates of latent TB diagnosis, need for treatment, and treatment initiation than schools. doi = 10.3346/jkms.2019.34.e138 id = cord-334284-rut6mheb author = Kim, Harin title = Psychological Impact of Quarantine on Caregivers at a Children''s Hospital for Contact with Case of COVID-19 date = 2020-07-08 keywords = Lee; caregiver summary = title: Psychological Impact of Quarantine on Caregivers at a Children''s Hospital for Contact with Case of COVID-19 Thus, we aimed to identify the psychological and behavioral responses and stressors of caregivers quarantined with young patients after a close contact to a coronavirus disease 2019 case at a children''s hospital. A multidisciplinary team including infection control team, pediatrician, psychiatrist, nursing staff and legal department provided supplies and services to reduce caregiver''s psychological distress. As a result, 62 patients and 72 caregivers were quarantined at four COVID-19 isolation units of our children''s hospital for 2 weeks according to the incubation period of SARS-CoV-2. The psychological and behavioral responses and stressors of the caregivers were classified according to Brooks et al.''s review, 6 which extensively revealed numerous emotional outcomes as well as specific stressors of quarantined people and of health care providers. In conclusion, mandatory quarantine at a children''s hospital due to contact with a patient with COVID-19 had notable psychological impacts on the caregivers. doi = 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e255 id = cord-289370-3n56low4 author = Kim, Hong Nyun title = A Case of COVID-19 with Acute Myocardial Infarction and Cardiogenic Shock date = 2020-07-08 keywords = AMI; COVID-19 summary = We herein present our first case of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for patients with COVID-19 infection who developed AMI with cardiogenic shock during hospitalization in intensive care unit. This is the first case of a patient with COVID-19 who underwent PCI for AMI complicating cardiogenic shock. Therefore, it is necessary to closely observe and properly test ECG, cardiac enzymes, and TTE (if suspected) in patients with cardiovascular risk factors or underlying cardiovascular conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic. 15, 16 However, in real-world practice, it is possible to have a significant time delay between AMI diagnosis and the actual procedure because the primary PCI of a COVID-19 patient is accompanied by the possibility of COVID-19 transmission in hospital facilities, medical staff, and other patients. In our case, although he had AMI with cardiogenic shock, primary PCI was performed at the end of the scheduled procedures to minimize exposure of other patients. doi = 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e258 id = cord-260310-0gkoanrg author = Kim, Jin Yong title = Viral Load Kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in First Two Patients in Korea date = 2020-02-20 keywords = LRT; SARS summary = doi = 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e86 id = cord-268907-cv0mkpzd author = Kim, Jung Heon title = An Urgent Need for Global Preparedness against the Reemergence of “Forgotten” Infectious Diseases in Korea date = 2018-04-04 keywords = disease summary = doi = 10.3346/jkms.2018.33.e125 id = cord-344235-rd6cylsl author = Kim, Kyung Mi title = Potential Hazards of Concern in the Walk-Through Screening System for the Corona Virus Disease 2019 from the Perspective of Infection Preventionists date = 2020-04-14 keywords = NPIR summary = Since 70% alcohol is used in relatively small areas such as stethoscopes, instrument surfaces, carts, counters, and laboratory benches, 4 it is inappropriate to disinfect the relatively large areas such as the inside of walk-through booths with alcohol. In the case of surface disinfection, a method of spraying is also being used, but it is not recommended by Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines as it has uncertain coverage and may promote aerosol production. 7,8 Therefore, it is dangerous to think that it will be safe to conduct screening at short intervals without considering air changing per hour. NPIR doors should be always closed, but in the case of walk-through system, examinees frequently enter and exit, so there is a possibility that proper negative pressure may not be maintained due to the inflow of external air. The standard guideline for the prevention of health care associated infection doi = 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e156 id = cord-262681-2voe4r7f author = Kim, Moon-Young title = Proposal of the Autopsy Guideline for Infectious Diseases: Preparation for the Post-COVID-19 Era (abridged translation) date = 2020-08-14 keywords = COVID-19; Korea; autopsy; death summary = doi = 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e310 id = cord-321748-9a54ekac author = Kim, Sang Il title = Walk-Through Screening Center for COVID-19: an Accessible and Efficient Screening System in a Pandemic Situation date = 2020-04-14 keywords = patient summary = A walk-through (WT) screening center using negative pressure booths that is inspired by the biosafety cabinet has been designed and implemented in Korea for easy screening of COVID-19 and for safe and efficient consultation for patients with fever or respiratory symptoms. These limitations can be overcome using mobile technology and increasing the number of booths to reduce congestion inside the center, reducing booth volume for sufficient and rapid ventilation, and using an effective, harmless, and certified environmental disinfectant. Environmental cleaning is performed in the following order: ventilation after the patient has left, disinfection of the surface of the booth including gloves and ventilation after disinfection. The CDC guidelines recommend applying a United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)registered disinfectant against SARS-CoV-2 for environmental cleaning and disinfection in healthcare settings, including those patient-care areas where aerosol-generating procedures were performed. doi = 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e154 id = cord-000964-ysyz3grd author = Kim, Soo Jin title = Incidence and Mortality Rates of Disasters and Mass Casualty Incidents in Korea: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study, 2000-2009 date = 2013-05-02 keywords = Korea; NEMA; disaster summary = We calculated the nationwide incidence, as well as the crude mortality and injury incidence rates, of disasters and MCIs. The data were collected from the administrative database of the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) and from provincial fire departments from January 2000 to December 2009. Disaster and MCI-related research in Korea has mostly focused on the establishment of a national disaster management system (12) , the role of disaster management agencies (13) , database (DB) building for disaster prevention (14) , and descriptive studies on post-disaster stress management (15) , post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (16) , hospital disaster (17) , incidents at mass gatherings and sporting events and building collapses (18, 19) . We aimed to calculate the incidence, mortality and overall rates of disasters and MCIs and to examine their relationship with population characteristics, using health-related indicators based on disaster/MCI database of NEMA to facilitate future compari-son of disasters and MCIs between domestic and foreign cases. doi = 10.3346/jkms.2013.28.5.658 id = cord-338181-9sgygg8x author = Kim, Sun-Kyung title = Universal Screening of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 with Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing after Rally of Trainee Doctors date = 2020-10-27 keywords = Kim summary = title: Universal Screening of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 with Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing after Rally of Trainee Doctors There were two rallies of medical students and trainee doctors, where 9,000 participants gathered. We performed polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based universal screening for the participants using pooling at a tertiary care hospital. Our data suggested low transmission rates in open air mass gatherings when appropriate personal protective practices were followed. A total of 646 trainee doctors and medical students participated in the rally at least once. The number of participants in the second rally was 555 (67 interns, 300 residents, 131 clinical fellows, and 27 medical students). 4 To mitigate the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the rally of Korean trainee doctors, we developed an action plan and an app-based system for notification of COVID-19 symptoms. In conclusion, our study provides important information regarding low transmission rates in mass gatherings at open space when appropriate personal protective practices are followed. doi = 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e380 id = cord-323449-r1gyjxei author = Kim, Uh Jin title = Air and Environmental Contamination Caused by COVID-19 Patients: a Multi-Center Study date = 2020-09-08 keywords = Hospital; SARS summary = BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of air and surface contamination of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in four health care facilities with hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that remote (> 2 m) airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from hospitalized COVID-19 patients is uncommon when aerosol-generating procedures have not been performed. 10, 11 The objectives of the present study were 1) to investigate air and environmental contamination caused by COVID-19 patients in a variety of hospital settings; 2) to evaluate the effectiveness of environmental cleaning; and 3) to examine the potential for remote airborne transmission in the absence of aerosol-generating procedures. Despite extensive surface sampling, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was not detected in the room in Hospital B (AIIR with routine surface cleansing using disinfectant wipes the patient''s respiratory samples (Ct value 22.4-28.9) (Fig. 1B) . doi = 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e332 id = cord-304526-hoybp1h6 author = Kwon, Ki Tae title = Drive-Through Screening Center for COVID-19: a Safe and Efficient Screening System against Massive Community Outbreak date = 2020-03-16 keywords = COVID-19 summary = For safe and efficient screening for COVID-19, drive-through (DT) screening centers have been designed and implemented in Korea. Personal protective equipment (PPE) of inner and outer gloves, N95 respirator, eye-shield/face shield/goggles, and hooded coverall/gown is required for the HCWs who may have direct contact with testees. Specimen collection Drive-through COVID screening center is important since the examination work requires professionalism among all the DT stages, and this manpower pool is sparse during an outbreak situation. The main timeconsuming factor in the conventional COVID-19 screening system is the time required for ventilation and cleaning of the specimen collection room. 8 However, this time for ventilation and cleaning is not required for the DT screening system because testees'' cars are used as specimen collection rooms. In addition to the improved efficiency, the DT screening system can also exclude the risk of cross-infection between testees at the waiting space of conventional screening centers, for testees'' own cars work as isolation units throughout the test course. doi = 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e123 id = cord-271277-z0o7bhzr author = Lee, Jacob title = COVID-19 Screening Center: How to Balance between the Speed and Safety? date = 2020-04-16 keywords = screening summary = In order to minimize cross-contamination during the process of specimen collection, aprons and gloves should be worn in addition to personal protective equipment, and the apron and gloves should be changed for each patient. If the medical staff responsible for collecting samples is not sufficiently trained, cross-contamination may occur while wearing the apron and gloves. There is no way to preserve patient safety and prevent sample contamination unless the gloves fixed to the booth are changed for every patient. In order to increase the speed of sample collection at the WT screening centers, the number of booths should be increased. The closed booth WT screening center risks the possibility of cross-contamination due to fixed gloves, in addition to the ventilation issues after environmental sterilization, thus leading to the creation of an outdoor WT screening center. Gloves and aprons must be replaced for every patient.Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, various screening centers are being set up in Korea. doi = 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e157 id = cord-349680-rz2ep5jf author = Lee, Jacob title = Better Understanding on MERS Corona Virus Outbreak in Korea date = 2015-06-10 keywords = MERS summary = In June 2012, the first human with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection was found in Saudi Arabia. MERS is suspected to spread from animals to humans like Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV). One person among the 36 patients exposed in the Hospital B left for China through Hong Kong, because the Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) could not confirm the exposure to the index case. Medical staffs who were involved in treating some of the patients with MERS-CoV were also infected (2) . If Korea also follows the outbreak pattern of the Middle East, I expect more tertiary infection will be developed. At present, the Korea CDC should focus on close monitoring of medical staffs and patients or visitors who have been exposed to the index, secondary, and tertiary cases in hospitals. Hospital outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus doi = 10.3346/jkms.2015.30.7.835 id = cord-338057-ycmr9prw author = Lee, Jae Hoon title = An Appropriate Lower Respiratory Tract Specimen Is Essential for Diagnosis of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) date = 2015-07-15 keywords = East; MERS summary = title: An Appropriate Lower Respiratory Tract Specimen Is Essential for Diagnosis of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) He briefly summarized the ongoing status of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) outbreak and emphasized close monitoring of medical staffs, patients, and visitors, and timely well-designed briefings to mass media. Some reasons that could be considered for the delayed diagnosis of MERS include: 1) low initial viral load and shedding, and 2) poor sample collection in patients with "no cough" or dry cough. In re-evaluating the patient''s diagnostic history, his viral load could have been low due to the early phase of disease and/or could have been falsely negative due to inadequate dry coughlinked respiratory samples. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes transient lower respiratory tract infection in rhesus macaques Clinical features and viral diagnosis of two cases of infection with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus: a report of nosocomial transmission doi = 10.3346/jkms.2015.30.8.1207 id = cord-301553-bq8h13np author = Lee, Jaehyeon title = Letter to the Editor: The Interpretation of COVID-19 Seroprevalence Study Should Be Cautious date = 2020-09-10 keywords = Daegu summary = Conceptualization: Lee Third, although the authors have acknowledged selection bias, they should recognize that the patient group had more of health-related issues compared with general population, resulting limited generalizability of the study. However, when an antibody test is performed to estimate seroprevalence at the population level, even a serological test with moderate sensitivity and specificity is acceptable 5 because of the tradeoff between false-positive and false-negative cases. Moreover, despite the possibility of selection bias, we believe that the size of missing undiagnosed cases in Daegu should be estimated because it is one of most important reasons underlying any seroprevalence study during the epidemic. Currently, however, even a population-based seroprevalence survey with a perfect serological assay may not validly estimate the size of missing undiagnosed cases in Daegu because of antibody loss in many previously infected cases. doi = 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e338 id = cord-277144-106q6ae0 author = Lee, Ji Yeon title = Risk Factors for Mortality and Respiratory Support in Elderly Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19 in Korea date = 2020-06-11 keywords = HFNC summary = doi = 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e223 id = cord-320022-e3ti4doi author = Lee, Jin title = Do We Really Need to Isolate All Children with COVID-19 in Healthcare Facilities? date = 2020-07-22 keywords = COVID-19 summary = While such methods are being enforced for strict infection control at the national level in response to COVID-19, most countries-including the United States and many in Europeallow people who are asymptomatic or those with mild symptoms be placed under selfisolation for at-home treatment ( Table 1) . With respect to the recently updated Korean isolation release criteria, 4,5 asymptomatic cases can be released from isolation if they 1) develop no clinical symptoms for 10 days after being confirmed, OR 2) receive two consecutive negative PCR test results taken at least 24 hours 2/4 https://jkms.org https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e277 For symptomatic patients: 10 days after symptom onset, plus at least 3 days without symptoms (without fever and respiratory symptoms). The decision of location should be made on a case-bycase basis and will depend on the clinical presentation, requirement for supportive care, potential risk factors for severe disease, and conditions at home, including the presence of vulnerable persons in the household. doi = 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e277 id = cord-297965-3bdv6ady author = Lee, Sun Young title = Operation and Management of Seoul Metropolitan City Community Treatment Center for Mild Condition COVID-19 Patients date = 2020-10-12 keywords = COVID-19; CTC; Seoul summary = BACKGROUND: In response to the disaster of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, Seoul Metropolitan Government (SMG) established a patient facility for mild condition patients other than hospital. CONCLUSION: In the time of an infectious disease disaster, a metropolitan city can operate a temporary patient facility such as CTC to make a surge capacity and appropriately allocate scarce medical resource. To respond the shortage of medical resource due to COVID-19 outbreak, the Korean government introduced a temporary patient facility called community treatment centers (CTCs). To prepare and respond second wave of COVID-19 epidemic and future emerging infectious disease disaster, analysis of operation of actual CTC and information of patient triage in the community is needed. 1,34 In a metropolitan city with a population of 10 million, through operating the two-stage surge capacity consisting of dedicated COVID-19 hospitals and CTCs, allocating scarce hospital resources to critically ill patients was possible. doi = 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e367 id = cord-349646-imv0sc9y author = Lee, Yonghyun title = Prevalence and Duration of Acute Loss of Smell or Taste in COVID-19 Patients date = 2020-05-06 keywords = COVID-19; ageusia summary = doi = 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e174 id = cord-270922-7z0n78ja author = Lee, You Hyun title = Characteristics of Ocular Manifestations of Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Daegu Province, Korea date = 2020-09-01 keywords = covid-19 summary = No significant differences were determined in terms of positivity of ocular symptoms between the first-episode group (12 patients, 16.9%) and the relapsed group (10 patients, 31.3%, P > 0.05). 6 also reported conjunctivitis as an ocular finding in COVID-19 patients, demonstrating a positive correlation with higher white blood cell and neutrophil counts and higher levels of procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, and lactate dehydrogenase in Hubei, China. Blood test results indicated significantly higher values of procalcitonin, neutrophil count, monocyte count, C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate transaminase, and alanine transaminase in the first-episode group compared to the relapsed group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the positivity of ocular symptoms between the first-episode group (12 patients, 16 .9%) and relapsed group (10 patients, 31.3%, P = 0.18). Other factors such as age; total duration of hospitalization; gender; presence of pneumonia, diabetes, or hypertension; and other blood test results showed no significant difference between the ocular symptom-positive and -negative groups (P > 0.05). doi = 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e322 id = cord-323326-p7vrlmrf author = Min, Jinsoo title = End-stage Renal Disease and Risk of Active Tuberculosis: a Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study date = 2018-12-13 keywords = ESRD; active summary = doi = 10.3346/jkms.2018.33.e341 id = cord-344969-q1wqfeh7 author = Min, Kyung-Duk title = Estimating the Effectiveness of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions on COVID-19 Control in Korea date = 2020-09-01 keywords = March; rate summary = Using the Monte-Carlo-Markov-Chain algorithm with Gibbs'' sampling method, we estimated the time-varying effective contact rate to calibrate the model with the reported daily new confirmed cases from February 12th to March 31st (7 weeks). In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of various NPIs, including social distancing in adults, spring semester postponement, diagnostic testing, and contact tracing, using the developed mathematical model and scenario analysis. In this study, we estimated the expected epidemic size of COVID-19 in Korea, if social distancing among adults in March was more relaxed while maintaining the effective contact rate at a higher level than the status quo (Fig. 3) . The increase level of effective contact rate for the school opening scenario was obtained from increase level of effective contract rate by school opening in March 2019 using a mathematical model for varicella among adolescence; c Scenario 3 employed a lower detection rate (γ) and quarantine probability (ν) to evaluate the effectiveness of extensive diagnostic testing and contact tracing; d Effective contact rate-related parameters for status quo were estimated by calibration with reported data of confirmed COVID-19 cases. doi = 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e321 id = cord-297681-m0cckidw author = Na, Joo-Young title = [Secondary Publication] Standard Operating Procedure for Post-mortem Inspection in a Focus on Coronavirus Disease-19: the Korean Society for Legal Medicine date = 2020-08-13 keywords = COVID-19; SARS summary = doi = 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e302 id = cord-283512-qly8iclf author = Na, Ki Ryang title = Acute Kidney Injury and Kidney Damage in COVID-19 Patients date = 2020-07-07 keywords = AKI; SARS summary = doi = 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e257 id = cord-259906-9em5tjya author = Park, Ji Young title = First Pediatric Case of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Korea date = 2020-03-16 keywords = COVID-19; Korea summary = Because the patient closely contacted her uncle and her mother, she was screened for COVID-19, and three screening tests for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were all negative on day 1 and 4 since her uncle''s diagnosis (February 1) and day 2 from the last exposure (February 5) to her mother. As the number of confirmed cases surges in Korea, data on pediatric patients need to be comprehensively analyzed to further describe the clinical findings and to learn the role of children in a COVID-19 pandemic. Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Correlation of chest CT and RT-PCR testing in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: a report of 1014 cases doi = 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e124 id = cord-320669-7acoduj3 author = Park, Peong Gang title = Out-of-Hospital Cohort Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients with Mild Symptoms in Korea: an Experience from a Single Community Treatment Center date = 2020-03-31 keywords = CTC; Korea summary = To allocate medical resources efficiently, Korea implemented a novel institution for the purpose of treating patients with cohort isolation out of hospital, namely the Community Treatment Center (CTC). To allocate medical resources efficiently, a novel institution with the purpose of treating patients with cohort isolation out of the hospital, namely the Community Treatment Center (CTC), was designed and implemented in Korea. The CTC is an independent building outside a hospital based on the concept that patients with mild symptoms do not require advanced medical resources, although they require isolation to prevent transmission and active surveillance in case they develop more severe symptoms. Candidates for CTC admission were confirmed COVID-19 patients with real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) method and considered by authorities as patients without severe symptoms using guidelines from the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC). doi = 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e140 id = cord-319024-11cdzkrs author = Park, Seon-Cheol title = Secondary Emotional Reactions to the COVID-19 Outbreak Should Be Identified and Treated in Korea date = 2020-04-23 keywords = Korea summary = The "primary emotional reaction" during the COVID-19 outbreak in Korea may be considered the fear or anxiety of the physical disease itself, or the "contagion" myth, directly related to infectious diseases. With respect to the primary emotional reaction, mental health care should focus on patients in isolation, individuals in quarantine, and healthcare workers who treat COVID-19 cases. The "secondary emotional reaction", beyond the anxiety of the physical disease itself, or the contagion myth, may be considered the other psychological consequence of the COVID-19 outbreak. 3 Consequently, we introduce herein two groups who should urgently be considered for care in Korea due to secondary emotional reactions prompted by the COVID-19 outbreak. Mental health care related to the COVID-19 outbreak in Korea should cover not only primary emotional reactions, but also secondary emotional reactions. Also, pro-active care for secondary emotional reactions in Shincheonji congregants and the economically weak is of key importance. doi = 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e161 id = cord-282293-pdhjl508 author = Park, Wan Beom title = Isolation of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus from a Patient of the 2015 Korean Outbreak date = 2016-01-14 keywords = East; MERS summary = title: Isolation of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus from a Patient of the 2015 Korean Outbreak During the 2015 outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in Korea, 186 persons were infected, resulting in 38 fatalities. Full-length genome sequence of the virus isolate was obtained and phylogenetic analyses showed that it clustered with clade B of MERS-CoV. On May 27, 2015, he was unknowingly exposed to the index case (designated as patient number 14 by Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare) of the hospital outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) at emergency department of a hospital (10) . For full-length genome sequencing of the virus isolate (MERS-CoV Hu/KOR/SNU1_035/2015), Vero cell monolayer showing cytopathic effects was harvested and used for RNA extraction. A previous study about S gene of MERS-CoV reported from Korea showed that a culture isolate from patient number 002 contained two nonsynonymous variants (S137R and V530L) (14) . doi = 10.3346/jkms.2016.31.2.315 id = cord-286930-c1zkjdgf author = Park, Won-Ju title = Seroprevalence of Respiratory Syncytial Virus IgG among Healthy Young Adults in Basic Training for the Republic of Korea Air Force date = 2014-09-02 keywords = RSV; respiratory summary = title: Seroprevalence of Respiratory Syncytial Virus IgG among Healthy Young Adults in Basic Training for the Republic of Korea Air Force Nine basic trainees belonging to the RSV IgG negative and equivocal grey zone categories were prospectively observed for any particular vulnerability to respiratory infection during the training period of two months. Recent studies revealed that respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) would also be a significant pathogen that causes respiratory infection and an outbreak of febrile illness in the military (2, 3) . This study attempted to verify the seroprevalence of RSV IgG among healthy young adults in their early twenties who had just been admitted to the Korea Air Force basic training camp. In an effort to verify the increased vulnerability to respiratory infection for the RSV IgG negative or equivocal grey zone recruits during the training period, the medical records for all 570 subjects were verified in the basic training camp. doi = 10.3346/jkms.2014.29.9.1325 id = cord-315181-emf4i6ir author = Ryoo, Nayoung title = Coping with Dementia in the Middle of the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-10-27 keywords = SARS; covid-19; dementia; patient summary = doi = 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e383 id = cord-269440-6x19xuy3 author = Seo, Min Young title = Trend of Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction in COVID-19 Patients in a Quarantine Facility date = 2020-10-20 keywords = COVID-19; olfactory summary = This study evaluated olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in mild COVID-19 patients using validated assessment methods. 5, 6 Subsequent studies have reported that olfactory and gustatory dysfunction may be characteristic symptoms of COVID-19 infection, but there are limitations in assessments by validated methods. Therefore, this study was designed to assess olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in mild COVID-19 patients using validated olfactory and gustatory evaluation methods and endoscopic examination. This prospective surveillance study included mild COVID-19 patients who were isolated at Gyeonggi International Living and Treatment Support Center (LTSC) after confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 by SARS-CoV-2 real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using respiratory samples; all patients were interviewed daily regarding changes in olfactory and gustatory symptoms and their medical records were reviewed. To our knowledge, this study is the first to assess both olfactory and gustatory function with validated methods, with simultaneous nasal and oral endoscopic examination in mild COVID-19 patients. doi = 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e375 id = cord-284879-sjkni2uc author = Song, Suk-Kyoon title = IgG Seroprevalence of COVID-19 among Individuals without a History of the Coronavirus Disease Infection in Daegu, Korea date = 2020-07-16 keywords = COVID-19; SARS summary = doi = 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e269 id = cord-304010-n4gxxl5i author = Sung, Ho Kyung title = Clinical Course and Outcomes of 3,060 Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Korea, January–May 2020 date = 2020-07-28 keywords = COVID-19; patient summary = doi = 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e280 id = cord-000402-unr44dvp author = Yoo, Hyun Jung title = Gene Expression Profile during Chondrogenesis in Human Bone Marrow derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells using a cDNA Microarray date = 2011-06-20 keywords = USA; cell; gene summary = doi = 10.3346/jkms.2011.26.7.851 id = cord-282554-hlcgutzf author = Yoo, Jin-Hong title = The Fight against the 2019-nCoV Outbreak: an Arduous March Has Just Begun date = 2020-01-30 keywords = MERS summary = Most coronaviruses cause only mild upper respiratory infections, but sometimes they cause fatal respiratory disease and outbreaks, as experienced in cases of SARS-CoV or MERS-CoV. This disaster has been warned until recently that new mutants of coronavirus can occur anytime. As much as the 2015 MERS-CoV outbreak, we are also learning a lot of lesson from this disaster. Because epidemic is a national disaster, not only medical institutions but also governments have to be active. Our country is excellent at coping with this disaster, thanks to the experiences that we have gained during the 2015 MERS-CoV outbreak. And this outbreak is expected to have a greater amount of transmission than the 2015 MERS-CoV. Health workers, the government, and the people will need to unite to overcome this disaster. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan Surveillance case definitions for human infection with novel coronavirus (nCoV) doi = 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e56 id = cord-323656-bzefn894 author = Yoo, Jin-Hong title = Convalescent Plasma Therapy for Corona Virus Disease 2019: a Long Way to Go but Worth Trying date = 2020-04-06 keywords = plasma summary = doi = 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e150 id = cord-334811-l5fxswfz author = nan title = Analysis on 54 Mortality Cases of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in the Republic of Korea from January 19 to March 10, 2020 date = 2020-03-26 keywords = Korea; March summary = Since the identification of the first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the global number of confirmed cases as of March 15, 2020, is 156,400, with total death in 5,833 (3.7%) worldwide. We summarized the mortality data of 54 deceased patients when the total number of COVID-19 patients in Korea reached 7,513 as of March 10, 2020. The first fatal case (national patient number 104) occurred on February 19 and was officially reported on February 20 by Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC). 10 Of note, although without significant illness, this was a 72-year-old woman who developed symptoms on February 23 and was diagnosed with It is of note that even when the total confirmed cases reached 7,513, only 247 patients were released from isolation after treatment on March 10, 2020 (Fig. 2) . The cumulative CFR of COVID-19 in Korea was 0.7% (54 deaths of total 7,513 confirmed cases) as of 0 am, March 10, 2020. doi = 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e132