Summary of your 'study carrel' ============================== This is a summary of your Distant Reader 'study carrel'. The Distant Reader harvested & cached your content into a collection/corpus. It then applied sets of natural language processing and text mining against the collection. The results of this process was reduced to a database file -- a 'study carrel'. The study carrel can then be queried, thus bringing light specific characteristics for your collection. These characteristics can help you summarize the collection as well as enumerate things you might want to investigate more closely. This report is a terse narrative report, and when processing is complete you will be linked to a more complete narrative report. Eric Lease Morgan Number of items in the collection; 'How big is my corpus?' ---------------------------------------------------------- 39 Average length of all items measured in words; "More or less, how big is each item?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2494 Average readability score of all items (0 = difficult; 100 = easy) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 51 Top 50 statistically significant keywords; "What is my collection about?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14 COVID-19 5 covid-19 3 health 3 SARS 3 Italy 2 Vietnam 2 March 2 MERS 2 China 1 worker 1 transport 1 research 1 prison 1 pregnant 1 player 1 patient 1 outbreak 1 migrant 1 lebanese 1 human 1 disease 1 death 1 country 1 contraception 1 clinical 1 child 1 care 1 Uganda 1 USA 1 Taiwan 1 SVRS 1 PPE 1 PCR 1 Nigeria 1 Nepal 1 NPA 1 Minister 1 Martinique 1 Malaysia 1 MOPH 1 Lebanon 1 Iran 1 Indonesia 1 HIV 1 GBV 1 Ebola 1 Data 1 Croatia 1 Coronavirus 1 Control Top 50 lemmatized nouns; "What is discussed?" --------------------------------------------- 665 health 471 case 375 country 326 disease 314 patient 274 % 270 outbreak 270 care 267 study 245 pandemic 240 system 215 datum 206 death 200 infection 198 research 194 risk 172 coronavirus 166 response 161 number 155 virus 155 time 141 author 140 measure 137 epidemic 132 control 130 people 123 community 121 population 117 government 115 child 113 test 113 service 113 hospital 108 worker 108 crisis 107 pneumonia 105 treatment 102 day 101 woman 101 analysis 94 symptom 93 testing 89 transmission 89 information 88 level 87 year 87 resource 83 spread 83 prevention 83 article Top 50 proper nouns; "What are the names of persons or places?" -------------------------------------------------------------- 471 COVID-19 178 SARS 172 Health 160 China 91 Vietnam 91 March 77 • 72 MERS 72 April 70 Italy 70 Coronavirus 68 Wuhan 59 TB 57 World 57 CoV 55 USA 54 Organization 53 Ministry 49 South 49 Africa 48 CoV-2 42 Lebanon 41 Journal 41 January 37 sha 37 WHO 37 Taiwan 37 India 37 February 36 Disease 35 PCR 35 Korea 35 HIV 34 al 34 Spain 34 Singapore 32 United 31 S. 31 National 31 Iran 29 nan 28 Public 28 ICU 28 Ebola 28 Control 27 Minister 26 Nepal 26 IPC 25 Hubei 24 et Top 50 personal pronouns nouns; "To whom are things referred?" ------------------------------------------------------------- 248 it 209 we 94 they 34 them 15 i 13 us 12 he 6 themselves 4 him 3 itself 2 she 2 her 1 s 1 one 1 me 1 em 1 covid-19 1 cord-281406-d7g0pbj4 Top 50 lemmatized verbs; "What do things do?" --------------------------------------------- 2518 be 766 have 177 include 151 use 135 provide 110 report 106 do 105 confirm 103 increase 91 develop 91 base 90 show 85 make 85 identify 80 require 69 implement 66 need 65 continue 61 follow 60 take 59 consider 58 find 58 ensure 57 lead 56 suspect 55 reduce 55 become 55 allow 53 spread 50 cause 49 infect 48 relate 47 test 47 prevent 47 covid-19 46 contribute 45 give 44 establish 44 affect 43 declare 43 associate 41 improve 40 suggest 39 emerge 39 compare 38 receive 38 maintain 38 help 38 create 38 control Top 50 lemmatized adjectives and adverbs; "How are things described?" --------------------------------------------------------------------- 241 not 207 also 189 covid-19 187 other 182 more 170 high 159 public 159 global 150 - 149 clinical 142 first 130 such 115 only 107 well 105 respiratory 98 low 96 however 94 most 94 medical 93 pregnant 92 new 90 social 90 severe 88 human 83 many 83 available 78 early 77 novel 77 national 73 as 70 international 69 positive 69 non 67 acute 65 infectious 59 rapid 58 even 57 epidemiological 55 effective 55 economic 55 current 52 local 50 primary 50 large 50 key 49 chronic 48 further 48 different 47 systematic 47 major Top 50 lemmatized superlative adjectives; "How are things described to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 33 most 26 high 15 good 14 large 13 Most 9 least 7 late 3 low 3 big 2 young 2 great 1 wide 1 tough 1 strong 1 strict 1 simple 1 sick 1 poor 1 old 1 near 1 early 1 deep 1 deadly 1 bad Top 50 lemmatized superlative adverbs; "How do things do to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 61 most 14 least 2 well 1 worst 1 highest Top 50 Internet domains; "What Webbed places are alluded to in this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 www.who.int 2 www.bsg.ox.ac.uk 2 thuvienphapluat.vn 1 www.pharmaceutical-technology.com 1 salamat.gov.ir 1 pixabay.com 1 nextstrain.org 1 ncov.vncdc.gov.vn 1 isaric.tghn.org 1 info 1 iedcr.gov.bd 1 covid19.gou.go.ug 1 covid19.healthserve.org.sg 1 coronavirus.jhu.edu 1 compare.aphp.fr 1 bhs.org.in Top 50 URLs; "What is hyperlinked from this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------- 2 http://www.bsg.ox.ac.uk/research/research-projects/coronavirus-government-response-tracker 1 http://www.who.int/publications-detail/the-first-few-x-(ffx)-cases-and-contact-investigation-protocol-for-2019-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)-infection 1 http://www.who.int/blueprint/priority-diseases/key-action/multicenter-adaptive-RCT-of-investigational-therapeutics-for-COVID-19.pdf?ua=1 1 http://www.who.int/blueprint/ 1 http://www.pharmaceutical-technology.com/analysis/coronavirus-mers-cov-drugs/ 1 http://thuvienphapluat.vn/en/index.aspx 1 http://thuvienphapluat.vn/ 1 http://salamat.gov.ir/ 1 http://pixabay.com/photos/woman-desperate-sad-tearscry-1006100/ 1 http://nextstrain.org/ncov 1 http://ncov.vncdc.gov.vn/ 1 http://isaric.tghn.org/novel-coronavirus/ 1 http://info 1 http://iedcr.gov.bd/ 1 http://covid19.gou.go.ug/ 1 http://covid19.HealthServe.org.sg/ 1 http://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map 1 http://compare.aphp.fr/ 1 http://bhs.org.in Top 50 email addresses; "Who are you gonna call?" ------------------------------------------------- 1 mariapilar.monteso@urv.cat 1 amoran@urc-chs.com Top 50 positive assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-noun?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 pandemic has also 3 study was not 2 % had dyspnea 2 countries were also 2 countries were overall 2 covid-19 confirmed cases 2 epidemic is still 2 pandemic has now 2 risk including pregnant 2 sars spread successfully 2 studies have also 2 system was able 2 virus spread rapidly 1 % are children 1 % do not 1 % needed mechanical 1 % required ventilation 1 % were female 1 % were male 1 % were severe 1 authors did not 1 authors had access 1 care is also 1 care is unclear 1 case report form 1 case requiring medical 1 cases are asymptomatic 1 cases are now 1 cases causing health 1 cases did not 1 cases had chronic 1 cases had contact 1 cases have high 1 cases having severe 1 cases is usually 1 cases was relatively 1 cases were initially 1 cases were mainly 1 cases were massively 1 cases were patients 1 china had clearly 1 china has widely 1 china is already 1 china was able 1 coronavirus was geographically 1 coronavirus was rapidly 1 coronavirus were also 1 countries are not 1 countries are ready 1 countries become available Top 50 negative assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-no|not-noun?" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 countries are not heavily 1 covid-19 had no higher 1 infections has not yet 1 patients was not much 1 people have no fever 1 people is not very 1 studies have not conclusively 1 study was not original A rudimentary bibliography -------------------------- id = cord-284128-3obc5k5u author = Ahmed, Ali title = Concerns of HIV-positive migrant workers in COVID-19 pandemic: A call for action date = 2020-09-08 keywords = AIDS; HIV summary = During this time, it is crucial to properly identify HIV/AIDS patients to ensure that they continue to receive timely and equitable access to health care and health support as they are increasingly vulnerable to COVID-19 consequences [2] . The lockdown and quarantine measures taken by most countries have been daunting for its HIV/AIDS-infected migrant population (legal or illegal) many of whom have been forced into unemployment and are unsure how to access appropriate health support, obtain essential medications or treatment [6] . The World Health Organization (WHO) should provide guidelines to all countries with HIV/AIDS infected migrants (whether legal or illegal) to adhere to so the migrant population continues to receive fair, assured and uninterrupted supply of ART treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic to maintain their immunity, health and decrease risk of CO-VID-19 contraction. doi = 10.7189/jogh.10.020342 id = cord-288352-qt4ugr95 author = Ajari, Esther Ejiroghene title = Assessment of the preparedness of the Ugandan health care system to tackle more COVID-19 cases date = 2020-08-18 keywords = Uganda summary = The Ugandan health care system, for example, had an 81-day pre-outbreak opportunity and still has a post-outbreak opportunity since it only has 413 confirmed COVID-19 cases, a relatively low figure, as at May 30, 2020 [3] . Taking into account Uganda''s population size, of about 40 million people, this report shows that there are only 1.3 ICU bed per million population, implying a very limited access to intensive health care in the country. Thus, it is logical to assert that Uganda''s health care sytem might truly be overwhelmed if the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases increases. Therefore, since, most COVID-19 cases in the country, has been among males, aged between 20-49 years, there is reason to suspect that the zero death incidence from the disease might not be due to the efficiency of the Ugandan health care system. doi = 10.7189/jogh.10.020305 id = cord-300022-2wfo6yql author = Ammar, Walid title = Health system resilience: Lebanon and the Syrian refugee crisis date = 2016-12-14 keywords = Lebanon; MOPH; health; lebanese summary = When studying the resilience of the Lebanese health system we drew on insights from studies of health systems that have faced refugee crises -studies which have considered the ability of a health system to maintain service delivery, prevent major outbreaks and sustain improvements in population level outcome indicators including utilization, service coverage, morbidity and mortality rates, as measures of success [30] [31] [32] [33] . The MOPH information systems and the maternal mortality observatory data sets are designed to incorporate ongoing assessment and reporting related to displaced Syrians, including for immunization coverage, disease surveillance and utilization of health services in addition to maternal and child mortality. Our findings indicate that the health system in Lebanon was able to maintain service delivery for both refugees and Lebanese citizens, prevent communicable diseases and sustain improvements in morbidity and mortality levels in the presence of major external and internal shocks, despite relatively limited increase in system inputs. doi = 10.7189/jogh.06.020704 id = cord-270956-qpe5u43q author = Amouzou, Agbessi title = National Sample Vital Registration System: A sustainable platform for COVID-19 and other infectious diseases surveillance in low and middle-income countries date = 2020-09-24 keywords = SVRS summary = T he COVID-19 pandemic raises the critical need for effective national surveillance systems, capable of detecting the onset of outbreaks rapidly but also sustainable platforms for mortality and cause of death (CoD) surveillance that allow rapid data collection to address questions during and after epidemics or crises. Well-designed sample vital registration systems (SVRS) offer rapid, and sustainable platforms for achieving the need for real-time data and the ability to nest data collection to respond to rising questions [3] . Registration System: A sustainable platform for COVID-19 and other infectious diseases surveillance in low and middle-income countries Sample vital registration systems (SVRS) provide strong and sustainable platforms for continuous monitoring of mortality, causes of death, diseases and population health at national and subnational levels that low-and middle-income countries can reliably and quickly develop and implement to monitor outbreaks and pandemics such as COV-ID-19. doi = 10.7189/jogh.10.020368 id = cord-348743-fy7le3ar author = Bellizzi, Saverio title = Access to modern methods of contraception in Italy: Will the COVID-19 pandemic be aggravating the issue? date = 2020-07-27 keywords = Italy; contraception summary = Specifically, the Atlas tracks government policies on access to contraceptive methods, family planning counselling and the provision of online information on contraception in 46 European states. Access to contraception is not just a low-and middleincome countries issue: In the 2019 European Contraception Atlas, Italy ranked just 26th out of the total 46 countries for various reasons such as the very limited provision of free contraception as well as under-resourced and understaffed family planning centers. Despite the disruption due to the current COVID-19 pandemic, it is essential to ensure that women can have control over their bodies and their sexual and reproductive life, and protect the access to modern contraceptives and family planning services for both men and women. Despite the disruption due to the current COVID-19 pandemic, it is essential to ensure that women can have control over their bodies and their sexual and reproductive life, and protect the access to modern contraceptives and family planning services for both men and women. doi = 10.7189/jogh.10.020320 id = cord-326590-ocd9ojnc author = Boggio, Andrea title = Human rights and global health emergencies preparedness date = 2020-04-07 keywords = health summary = Yet, even when done correctly, in line with the scientific knowledge, and full respect of international human rights law, emergency handling and planning is not sufficient to manage the spread of infectious disease. In a matter of days, the local authorities conclude that the health care facilities were insufficient to handle the emergency and announced plans to build from scratch not one but two new hospitals. The global health community must thus push countries harder to keep strengthening their research capacity and basic health care infrastructure along with emergency handling and planning efforts. International human rights law is critical as it transforms global health best practices in legal duties. The General Comment on science and economic, social and cultural rights is an important addition to the human rights that are traditionally invoked in the global health arena. Only when cultivated and guaranteed as a human right, science provides the support needed to fight global health emergencies. doi = 10.7189/jogh.10.010334 id = cord-300095-a94j7vz4 author = Chan, Lai Gwen title = Mental health and holistic care of migrant workers in Singapore during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-08-11 keywords = migrant; worker summary = When news broke in early April 2020 about the gazetting of 2 large migrant worker dormitories as isolation areas because of clusters of confirmed COVID-19 cases there [5] , HealthServe anticipated the unprecedented magnitude of mental health and psychosocial care needs and stepped forwards with a manual of recommendations on how to engage the migrant worker population as well as how to address the mental health and psychosocial care needs (an adaptation and application of the Interim Briefing Note Mental health and holistic care of migrant workers in Singapore during the COVID-19 pandemic This paper describes a collaborative model between a Non-Governmental Organization and other governmental and healthcare stakeholders in addressing mental health and holistic care of migrant workers, as well as how the model evolved as more real-time experience about this population''s needs and responses were gained. doi = 10.7189/jogh.10.020332 id = cord-281406-d7g0pbj4 author = Chen, Yifei title = Epidemiological analysis of the early 38 fatalities in Hubei, China, of the coronavirus disease 2019 date = 2020-04-24 keywords = COVID-19; China; death summary = BACKGROUND: Since the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hubei province of China by the end of 2019, it has burned its way across the globe, resulting in a still fast-growing death toll that far exceeded those from severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in less than two months. The death cases were described from four aspects (gender and age characteristics, underlying diseases, the time course of death, symptoms at the incipience of illness and hospital admission). As there is a paucity of evidence on which population is more likely to progress into severe conditions among COVID-19 cases, here, we poured over the first batch of 38 death cases whose information were made public by Health Commission of Hubei province as of 24 January 2020, one day into city lockdown in Wuhan, with the purpose to add a new facet to current evidence. doi = 10.7189/jogh-10-011004 id = cord-336409-crkcxpw0 author = Ganasegeran, Kurubaran title = COVID-19 in Malaysia: Crucial measures in critical times date = 2020-08-11 keywords = Control; Malaysia summary = Albeit the global COVID-19 pandemic trend is increasing, Malaysia is seeing a decrease on the number of infections, with high recoveries and low mortality rates [1] . This viewpoint aims to discuss the targeted containment strategies executed by Malaysia, which till date is showing positive responses in controlling the spread of COVID-19. (2) high compliance on the practice of physical distancing measures and the usage of face mask; (3) reducing flight and public transportation services; (4) self-quarantine at home; (5) changes to crucial essential services like funerals to minimize crowd size and exposure to body fluids; and (6) avoidance of misinformation -verified and clear information regarding COVID-19 needs to be delivered on-time and consistently to the public to avoid fake news, rumors and panic. With declining trend of positive cases, Malaysia executed a relaxed Conditional Movement Control Order (CMCO) that aims to carefully re-open the country''s major economy in phases [1] . doi = 10.7189/jogh.10.020333 id = cord-347535-tgou78o7 author = Goh, Kah Kheng title = Zero confirmed cases: The ways we curb COVID-19 in Taiwanese prisons date = 2020-08-23 keywords = covid-19; prison summary = Accessibility to health service, testing capacity, the supply of personal protective equipment are budget-constrained and are not being prioritized for inmates Zero confirmed cases: The ways we curb COVID-19 in Taiwanese prisons [5] . As a solution to mitigate the harms of COVID-19 outbreak in prison [7] , several countries including Iran, France, Italy, Child, USA, and Indonesia have taken action to reduce the prison population by releasing "low-risk" offenders. Measures have included the establishment of the joint planning and central command with Central Epidemic Command Center (CECC), the prevention, control, and risk management among the prisoners, the cooperation and involvement of prison staffs, and the environment sanitizing. To minimize the risk of COVID-19 outbreak in Taiwanese prisons, several steps have been taken, including the establishment of the joint planning and central command with CECC, the prevention, control, and risk management among the prisoners, the cooperation and involvement of prison staffs, and the environment sanitizing. doi = 10.7189/jogh.10.020377 id = cord-289520-i6pv90s9 author = Harris, Carlyn title = An evidence-based framework for priority clinical research questions for COVID-19 date = 2020-03-31 keywords = COVID-19; MERS; SARS; clinical summary = RESULTS: From the research objectives for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, ten themes in the literature were identified: Clinical characterisation, prognosis, diagnosis, clinical management, viral pathogenesis, epidemiological characterisation, infection prevention and control/transmission, susceptibility, psychosocial, and aetiology. Outbreaks, especially of novel agents, create a pressing need to collect data on clinical characterization, treatment, and validation of new diagnostics to inform rapid public health response. We compared our findings to the 2018 systematic review on SARS and MERS to determine which questions have already been addressed, what information is lacking, and provide recommendations for data sharing and clinical study designs to be conducted during the current outbreak. These observational studies are practical in the fast-paced outbreak setting, as they are easier than randomised controlled The First Few X (FFX) WHO Protocol https://www.who.int/publications-detail/the-first-few-x-(ffx)-cases-and-contact-investigation-protocol-for-2019-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)-infection) What are the risk factors for death or severe illness? doi = 10.7189/jogh.10-011001 id = cord-330395-2qoyrqmj author = Huq, Samin title = COVID-19 in Bangladesh: Data deficiency to delayed decision date = 2020-04-15 keywords = Bangladesh; COVID-19 summary = The decisions of cluster-wise lockdown or social distancing, or even preparing the health system to respond to the pandemic are made without the availability of adequate data. Although scarcity of test kits and lack of awareness from the general public certainly contributed to the crisis, Bangladesh is one of the few countries which had more than two months to prepare for COVID-19 crisis. The crisis has already started in the form of limited availability of disinfectants and personal protective equipment in the health care facilities. The recent surge of daily testing has managed to uncover more cases and traces of transmission at the community level. Additionally, it can lead to a surge on heightened risk of exposure due to minimized health response priorities, efforts and initiatives -such as contact tracing and testing in the rural areas and considering their movement to the urban areas. doi = 10.7189/jogh.10.010342 id = cord-343172-9o4p0q0q author = Huynh, Toan Luu Duc title = The COVID-19 containment in Vietnam: What are we doing? date = 2020-04-15 keywords = Vietnam summary = T his viewpoint provides an explanation from the public health policies of Vietnamese government to contain the contagious disease with regard to COVID-19 pandemic. A combination of an early lockdown, increase in "virality" of the health information, encouragement in health declaration, regulation for wearing mask in the public, and country'' s unity have been the effective ways to cope with this deadly virus in Vietnam, a developing country, which became the first country to halt the SARS spread successfully in 2003. Instead of forcing the citizens with the compulsory regulation, the Vietnam government did well to disseminate nudging-behavior policies, which can increase the "virality" of the information [4] . According to the Ministry of Information and Technology, about 6 billion messages have been sent to the Vietnamese citizens to raise their awareness about the hand-washing, self-quarantine, self-checking health, etc. Although the COVID-19 pandemic is a complex global challenge, the timely actions conducted by the Vietnamese authorities are appreciated based on behavioral economics [7] . doi = 10.7189/jogh.10.010338 id = cord-303909-9xr7i1p5 author = Joachim, Clarisse title = Modeling the future of cancer registration and research: The Martinique Cancer Data Hub Platform date = 2020-09-11 keywords = Cancer; Data; Martinique summary = We propose an innovative and robust organizational networking platform with advanced digital tools and strong partners, to boost a collaborative medical network of Public Health and Health Surveillance, in close connection with clinical research, and population-based cancer registries. This platform will provide institutions and health care professionals with a "Cancer Data Hub", which will offer a wide range of accurate cancer data (patterns of cancer care, quality of life, onco-pharmaco-epidemiology…), fostering collaborative and innovative public health research activities (eg, observational studies in real life practice and clinical trials). This platform addresses the challenges that need to be resolved in the Caribbean area, with a view to improving overall quality of life and survival, by increasing capacity to implement telemedicine technologies and health care tools, also with a focus on research. The participants in this initiative will have access to quality of life research projects thanks to the development of a social network integrating older persons, patient communities and caregivers. doi = 10.7189/jogh.10.020352 id = cord-321800-0h28pg3b author = Klingelhöfer, Doris title = Coronavirus: An insight into global research until outbreak of COVID-19 and its implications for the future date = 2020-09-23 keywords = MERS; SARS; USA; research summary = RESULTS: The trend in publication and citation numbers shows the strong influence of the past pandemics SARS and MERS with an untypical decline afterward. The current extremely rapid global spread of SARS-CoV-2 has led to the highly dangerous outbreak of the pandemic CoVID-19 with daily increasing numbers of new infections and deaths around the world. Additionally, socio-economic, scientific and epidemiological parameters were related to the publication numbers to obtain an even more meaningful picture of the global landscape of CoV research. The resulting scientific interest and the possible in-si-VIEWPOINTS RESEARCH THEME 1: COVID-19 PANDEMIC tu investigation of the cases caused the publication figures to rise at the beginning of the SARS disease and to fall rapidly thereafter. Here, the USA and China are the highest-ranking countries, demonstrating their overall interest in CoV research and also focusing on the MERS pandemic, despite the relatively low case numbers. doi = 10.7189/jogh.10.020508 id = cord-298372-4pw1y404 author = Koch, Lionel title = Natural outbreaks and bioterrorism: How to deal with the two sides of the same coin? date = 2020-08-18 keywords = COVID-19; Ebola; SARS; disease; outbreak summary = The last Ebola outbreak in 2014 in West Africa was regarded as a paradigm of the issues caused by emerging infectious diseases nowadays: this extremely deadly pathogen has naturally emerged in a large new area, and its overwhelming spread has subsequently impacted Europe and the United States [3] . At the same time, some natural outbreaks were caused by naturally altered pathogens like the Escherichia coli O104:H4 in Europe in 2011, a strain that acquired and combined unusual virulence factor and drug resistance genes [25] or in 2003 the new human coronavirus (SARS-CoV) identified with surprise in front of severe acute respiratory syndrome cases [26] . Indeed, even if the substantial remaining risk in the case of an attack is the possibility of secondary actions aiming to maximise damages to the emergency infrastructure [38] , the real challenge for global safety remains the early detection, the accurate characterisation and the establishment of specific measures, whatever the outbreak origin [39, 40] . doi = 10.7189/jogh.10.020317 id = cord-296803-tde8k4kr author = Lundin, Rebecca title = Gender-based violence during the COVID-19 pandemic response in Italy date = 2020-09-07 keywords = COVID-19; GBV summary = During the current COVID-19 pandemic, the WHO and other international authorities have warned about the increased risk of GBV related to more time spent indoors, isolation from social and protective networks, and greater social and economic stress related to both the epidemic and response measures [2] [3] [4] . During the COVID-19 pandemic network members were asked to review the number of women contacting anti-violence centers during two time periods, corresponding to about one month each (between 2 March and 5 April 2020 and between 6 April and 3 May 2020). Specifically, further research is needed to identify the drivers of the observed increases in contact with anti-violence centers and to develop and test effective interventions to protect women at risk of GBV during the ongoing COVID-19 response. doi = 10.7189/jogh.10.020359 id = cord-320002-25ivll3q author = Mathew, Joseph L. title = Etiology of community acquired pneumonia among children in India: prospective, cohort study date = 2015-10-21 keywords = NPA; PCR; child summary = BACKGROUND: Childhood community acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a significant problem in developing countries, and confirmation of microbial etiology is important for individual, as well as public health. The Pneumonia Research for Child Health (PERCH) project [15] is a 7-site case-control study to identify the cause of pneumonia among children in developing countries. Currently, there is no study from India reporting etiology of CAP in a large cohort of children, using multiple biological samples, and various sensitive as well as specific microbiologic methods. We initiated the Community Acquired Pneumonia Etiology Study (CAPES) to address this knowledge gap by determining the microbiologic etiology of CAP in a cohort of Indian children using multiple biological specimens (blood, nasopharyngeal aspirates, bronchoalveolar lavage) and the relationship between etiology and pneumonia severity. Lower respiratory infections among hospitalized children in New Caledonia: a pilot study for the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health project doi = 10.7189/jogh.05.020418 id = cord-351384-z6t7csg8 author = Montesó-Curto, Pilar title = Coping with the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy and Spain: Lessons in Response Urgency date = 2020-07-28 keywords = Italy; March summary = title: Coping with the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy and Spain: Lessons in Response Urgency It took the Italian government just two weeks to react firmly with the laws enacted on March 7 to establish a "red zone" throughout the country, which is when it closed all shops, except pharmacies and food stores, and banned entry and exit from the country. Coping with the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy and Spain: Lessons in response urgency Pilar Montesó-Curto 1 , Laura Sánchez-Montesó 2 , Fabio Stefano Maramao 2 , Loren Toussaint 3 Then, on March 13, the Government of Catalonia decreed the "confinement" of several municipalities due to a cluster within the epidemic that caused an exponential increase in cases of COVID-19 in Igualada, Vilanova del Camí, Santa Margarida de Montbui i Òdena [5] . A "state of emergency" in Spain was finally declared through a royal decree (463/2020) [6] on March 14 for a period of 15 calendar days. doi = 10.7189/jogh.10.020326 id = cord-339689-pemyxewv author = Moran, Alexander title = Learning from tuberculosis: COVID-19 highlights the need for more robust infection control policy date = 2020-07-28 keywords = COVID-19 summary = The World Health Organization (WHO) has published interim COVID-19 infection prevention and control (IPC) guidance, which focuses on administrative controls (including policy, guidance, training and triage practices), environmental controls (including ventilation and waste management) and personal protective equipment (PPE, including rational use thereof) [11] . South Africa responded "yes" to all readiness questions except one administrative control question: "is there a triaging system that can be applied to ARI in the health facilities?" Even in a country like South Africa which is relatively well-prepared for COVID-19, we must examine any additional resources which can be leveraged for an even more effective response. As the country rapidly prepares for mitigating community spread through actions like a nationwide lockdown and travel restrictions, ensuring a coordinated infection prevention and control response at the facility-level can further improve these gains and can ensure that South Africa leverages all possible resources [16, 17] . doi = 10.7189/jogh.10.020328 id = cord-311601-w2jqmpww author = Muzemil, Abdulazeez title = African perspectives: modern complexities of emerging, re-emerging, and endemic zoonoses date = 2018-10-25 keywords = Africa; human summary = Specifically, land use change cum agricultural practices, surging human demographic, pathogen evolution (antimicrobial resistance), failure of public health systems, global travel and more global interconnectedness in spatial and temporal dimensions have driven these threats [2] . Consequently, new challenges have emerged, including: border-related conflicts, food security risk due to declines agricultural production, vectorand water-borne diseases, (especially in areas with inadequate health infrastructure), flooding and exacerbation of desertification by changes in rainfall and intensified land use [2] . It is suggested that, as long as Africa (or any other continent) does not address complex interactions -such as those that involve agriculture, the environment, economics, sociology, as well as zoonotic pathogens, disease outbreaks may follow human-driven disruptions, as those observed after major changes in land use, eg, those related with the construction of dams, mines, and intensive agriculture. doi = 10.7189/johg.08.020310 id = cord-328321-7e37hhia author = Olapoju, Olabisi Michael title = Estimating transportation role in pandemic diffusion in Nigeria: A consideration of 1918-19 influenza and COVID-19 pandemics date = 2020-07-28 keywords = COVID-19; Nigeria; transport summary = METHODS: The study provides a review of the means by which the two pandemics were imported into the country and the roles the transport means of each period played in the local spread of the epidemics. RESULTS: The study notes that seaports and railways, being the emerging transportation modes in the country were significant to the importation and local diffusion of 1918-19 influenza, respectively, while air transport is significant to the importation of the current COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of this study is to provide an assessment of the nature and role of transport in the importation, traffic and spread of 1918-19 influenza and COVID-19 in Nigeria. On the contrary, air transport plays the most significant role in the importation of COVID-19 in Nigeria as is the case with virtually all the countries that are affected by the epidemic. doi = 10.7189/jogh.10.020501 id = cord-286958-e1ey31eo author = Patel, Urvish title = Early epidemiological indicators, outcomes, and interventions of COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review date = 2020-08-15 keywords = CFR; China; Coronavirus; Italy; covid-19 summary = We evaluated the global burden of COVID-19 including case fatality rates (CFR), strength of association between deaths and cases to predict CFR, case doubling time, COVID-19 specific mortality rates, and control measures by governments to prevent spread among USA, China, Italy, Iran, Spain, Germany, India, and South Korea. Bavaria declared a state of emergency for 14 days and measures to limit public movement and additional funds for medicine supplies were introduced [71] ; All flights from Iran and China stopped by German Ministry of Transport [72] ; Travelling in coaches, attending religious meetings, visiting playgrounds or engaging in tourism prohibited [73] 17 Finance minister announced US$24 billion stimulus package [88] Infection rate at the beginning of the major intervention (nationwide closure of school or major Table 6 mentions the predicted dates of the peak number of cases based on strict interventions. doi = 10.7189/jogh.10.020506 id = cord-331405-1opm5onj author = Pessa Valente, Emanuelle title = COVID-19 among health workers in Brazil: The silent wave date = 2020-06-17 keywords = covid-19 summary = Since the beginning of pandemic, many organizations have raised concerns with the lack of personal protective equipment (PPE), low observance of social distancing measures, and scarce availability of diagnostic tests in Brazil [2, 3] . Open Knowledge Brazil (OKBR), a civil society organization that operates in support of open-access data of public interest, ranked Brazilian states with a "Transparency index", evaluating 13 criteria related to content, format and level of detail of information disclosed via official portals during COVID-19 pandemic [12] . We report here the results of a rapid review performed by systematically screening each of the 27 federal health department websites and COVID-19 dedicated portals in order to identify specific policies for HW health screening and testing, and related HW morbidity and mortality data. Information regarding COVID-19 confirmed cases among HWs was available in the official bulletins of only six (22.2%) Brazilian Federal states (Figure 1) . doi = 10.7189/jogh.10.010379 id = cord-302271-js06pel9 author = Primorac, Dragan title = Pre-season football preparation in the era of COVID-19: Croatian Football Association Model date = 2020-05-06 keywords = COVID-19; player summary = Croatian Football Federation, with its Medical Committee, is launching a new model of pre-season systematic examination of football players with a particular emphasis on diagnosing COVID-19 before returning to training and competitive football. the list of medical examinations that players must undergo in order to be eligible to participate in UEFA competitions, we hereby propose a model for screening professional football players returning to the field after the lift of the ban on all sport activities because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Besides pre-season physical examination (primarily 12-lead ECG, spirometry with bronchodilatation test, diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) test and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) test) and medical examination defined by the UEFA Medical Regulations (for the next season), we are proposing that every football player from the Croatian first National League must have negative consecutive two RT-qPCR COVID-19 pharyngeal swabs over a 5-day interval. In addition to limiting the potential of viral spread with the start of regular sport activities, the results of this screening protocol will allow us to estimate how many football players have been infected nationally. doi = 10.7189/jogh.10.010352 id = cord-292898-6m97l2uz author = Ríos-Silva, Mónica title = COVID-19 mortality among pregnant women in Mexico: A retrospective cohort study date = 2020-09-23 keywords = COVID-19; pregnant summary = The variables included in this database were sex; age; whether the patient received outpatient care or required hospitalization; presence of pregnancy; smoking history; date of onset of symptoms, admission to hospital, and death if applicable; history of diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, immunosuppression, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, obesity, chronic kidney disease, or diagnosis of other unspecified comorbidity; presence of complications, such as diagnosis of pneumonia, mechanical ventilation required, and intensive care in intensive care unit (ICU). In the bivariate analysis, a χ 2 test was used to establish the association between the presence of pregnancy or a positive test and the presence of comorbidities reported in the database (DM, COPD, asthma, immunosuppression, hypertension, obesity, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, smoking, and other comorbidity), as well as the association of pregnancy with the presence of complications (pneumonia, admission to ICU, need for mechanical ventilation, and/or death), the association between the presence of comorbidities and the type of care required by the patient (outpatient vs hospitalization), and the association of comorbidities and death. doi = 10.7189/jogh.10.020512 id = cord-313904-745u0si8 author = Salimi, Rasoul title = The COVID-19 outbreak in Iran date = 2020-06-11 keywords = Iran summary = A ccording to the World Health Organization, as of April 21, 2020, 2 397 217 cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), including 162 956 deaths, have been reported worldwide [1] . The national COVID-19 screening program in Iran is a successful measure of the response to the outbreak. Two of the main challenges that suffered painfully during the outbreak were sanctions against Iran and the circulating fake news and misinformation on social media networks. So, it was critical that sanctions and barriers to providing essential supplies to Iran would be stopped, or to be postponed at least until In order to control the outbreak faster and efficiently in Iran, social distancing must be more rigid, widespread testing must be performed to cutting down the transmission chain, and US unilateral economic sanctions must be restricted to import essential goods. All interventions during the outbreak helped to flatten the curve of COVID-19 cases in Iran. doi = 10.7189/jogh.10.010365 id = cord-354339-tchu91av author = Shahzad, Naeem title = Rapid assessment of COVID-19 suspected cases: A community based approach for developing countries like Pakistan date = 2020-05-06 keywords = country; covid-19 summary = Photo: Nurse wearing locally produced low cost COVID-19 kit and filling the score card from a suspected patient for initial screening and triage at the emergency control room (from the collection of Dr Naeem Shahzad, used with permission). Therefore, this study has made an effort to design a rapid assessment score card using bottom up approach starting from community level which will help the low-income and developing countries to ascertain the suspected COVID-19 cases at community level. To develop an effective tool for patient screening without overburdening the health care infrastructure while still not compromising the control over the spread of the disease and preventive measures, an effective score card has been developed covering numerous effective parameters for rapid assessment of the probable COIVD-19 cases, as shown in Figure 1 . doi = 10.7189/jogh.10.010353 id = cord-312029-xsojdbdk author = Sham, Lauren title = The COVID-19 pandemic and Community Health Workers: An opportunity to maintain delivery of care and education for families of children with epilepsy in Zambia date = 2020-10-02 keywords = CHW; COVID-19 summary = title: The COVID-19 pandemic and Community Health Workers: An opportunity to maintain delivery of care and education for families of children with epilepsy in Zambia As requirements for physical distancing have led to restrictions on the availability of health care services, many countries have adapted methods of telemedicine to sustain care access for patients [1] , while making difficult decisions surrounding which aspects of direct clinical care can be deferred and the time span acceptable for delaying chronic medical care [2] . The COVID-19 pandemic and Community Health Workers: An opportunity to maintain delivery of care and education for families of children with epilepsy in Zambia Beyond our original goals, this program has provided a unique model of health care access for a chronic medical condition during times of infectious disease outbreaks requiring physical distancing, which is feasible to implement in a developing region where telehealth mechanisms are limited. doi = 10.7189/jogh.10.020329 id = cord-284353-f7zkp9cf author = Sheikh, Aziz title = Reopening schools after the COVID-19 lockdown date = 2020-06-27 keywords = COVID-19 summary = W ith nationwide school closures currently operating in 191 countries, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has estimated that 1.6 billion (90.2%) students are currently out of primary, secondary and tertiary education (henceforth schools) as a result of the global COVID-19 lockdown [1] . In the absence of a robust evidence base on lockdown exit strategies, we consider the range of options being taken globally to reopen schools with a view to informing the formulation of national plans. Although COVID-19 tends to be less severe in children and adolescents, and thankfully relatively few students have died of the condition, a key policy concern has been that young people may be important community reservoirs for the transmission of the virus to household members. A recent (unpublished) systematic review concluded that children and young people under 20 are 56% less likely to contract SARS-COV2 from infected individuals than adults this suggesting they may play a smaller part in transmission than originally thought [6] . doi = 10.7189/jogh.10.010376 id = cord-340663-zylk61ll author = Singh, Devendra Raj title = The perils of COVID-19 in Nepal: Implications for population health and nutritional status date = 2020-06-17 keywords = Nepal; covid-19 summary = There is a growing concern that the long-term extension of lockdown strategy can severely affect the health and nutrition security of the poor and vulnerable population in Nepal. The current lockdown has already exacerbated the health risks and health care resources, and are likely to continue beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. We examine how COVID-19 lockdown impacts public health systems and nutritional outcomes in Nepal. As health systems continue to combat COVID-19, Nepal is at high risk of facing detrimental effects on (public) health care, further constraining the health resources of the country. Historically, Nepal has been facing food and nutrition security challenges with the highest prevalence of double and triple burden of malnutrition [13] . Equally important, health systems should ensure critical care interventions to screen, diagnose, and treat COVID-19 patients across the country. doi = 10.7189/jogh.10.010378 id = cord-288983-a6s9di4g author = Su, Sheng-Fang title = How Taiwan, a non-WHO member, takes actions in response to COVID-19 date = 2020-06-17 keywords = COVID-19; Taiwan summary = The success of Taiwan for anti-epidemic measures included: quick response and efficient management, central production and distribution of masks/medical supplies, quarantine/isolation regulations with tracking contacts technology, and coordination between government, medical workers, public health professionals, and the whole Taiwanese society. In addition to the existing measure of onboard quarantine inspection, including fever screening of arriving passengers, suspected cases screening through history of travelling, occupation, contact and cluster (TOCC) inquiring, and health assessments conducting, all health care facilities should reinforce reporting severe cases of pneumonia among people who arrive in Taiwan from Wuhan. In light of the ongoing outbreak, CECC has introduced guidelines for high-risk individuals regarding 1) self-health management (reported cases who have tested negative and met criteria for being released from isolation, or people under "COVID-19 Community-based Surveillance), 2) 14-day home quarantine (with travel history), and 3) 14-day home isolation (who had contact with confirmed cases), and provided quarantine sites with free meals and a US$30 compensation per day during the 14-day period. doi = 10.7189/jogh.10.010380 id = cord-279345-dgdujcy3 author = Sudhir, Amita title = A primary care alternative to a hospital-based approach to COVID-19 in India date = 2020-08-11 keywords = COVID-19; care summary = Of the available interventions to correct hypoxia, which is often the primary reason for hospital admission in COVID-19 patients, the simplest is oxygen by nasal cannula. This can be administered at any facility with the ability to keep patients overnight or for multiple days, but other than oxygen concentrators or cylinders, nasal cannulas, and simple pulse oximeters, no specialized equipment or advanced moni-A primary care alternative to a hospital-based approach to COVID-19 in India Amita Sudhir 1 , Nachiket Mor 2 The solution of using primary care facilities and providers is adaptable to either a public or private setting, depending on the resources available in any given country. Oxygen concentrators are portable, and once the need for using them for COVID patients has passed, they can be repurposed to ambulances, clinics, and even home health settings for a host of other diseases causing hypoxia. doi = 10.7189/jogh.10.020346 id = cord-296445-0spqe4r2 author = Supady, Alexander title = Consequences of the coronavirus pandemic for global health research and practice date = 2020-06-11 keywords = health summary = The risk management of the COVID-19-pandemic in the context of global health research and practice not only needs to take into account microbiological and epidemiological knowledge and expertise on the characteristics and spread of SARS-CoV-2, but also social and economic impacts and challenges in different countries and settings. On the one hand, the resumption of temporarily interrupted projects may endanger people by unintended The coronavirus pandemic challenges ongoing and planned global health research and practice activities throughout the world; project planners and responsible persons must cautiously balance out the risks of interruption and resumption of the projects in the respective settings. Clinical data suggest that elderly and immunocompromised persons are at a very high risk of infections and poor outcomes when infected with SARS-CoV-2, the high contagiousness of the virus puts people in densely populated settings, such as refugee camps, at a particular risk [3] . doi = 10.7189/jogh.10.010366 id = cord-306090-i8sriw08 author = Tan, Zihui title = Protecting health care workers in the front line: Innovation in COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-05-15 keywords = PPE; patient summary = The protection of health care workers (HCWs) is vital in continuing patient care in health care systems that are currently challenged by the pandemic, but also important in ensuring they do not spread the virus. A unique feature of many testing venues in Singapore is that they are outdoors with the average of 30°C tropical weather, rendering the prolonged use of conventional personal protective equipment (PPE) or full-body protection uncomfortable. The widespread incidence and expected protracted duration of the COVID-19 pandemic has also prompted concerns for minimising the use of PPE especially for high-volume or brief procedures with a short duration of high-risk patient contact, such as throat swabbing. The protection of health care workers is vital in continuing patient care in health care systems that are currently challenged by the pandemic, but also important in ensuring they do not spread the virus. doi = 10.7189/jogh.10.010357 id = cord-309377-5pusd2pc author = Tran, Thi Phuong Thao title = Rapid response to the COVID-19 pandemic: Vietnam government’s experience and preliminary success date = 2020-07-28 keywords = April; COVID-19; March; Minister; Vietnam summary = To date, the pandemic has been successfully controlled thanks to the Vietnamese government''s prompt, proactive and decisive responses including mobilization of the health care systems, security forces, economic policies, along with a creative and effective communication campaign corresponding with crucial milestones of the epidemic''s progression. • On 1 April, Vietnam government enacted the Directive No. 16/CT-TTg on implementing strict social distancing rules nationwide for 15 d to prevent the spread of COVID-19. • Additionally, penalties of violations of COVID-19 prevention and control policies were imposed including not wearing masks in public places, concealing health status, opening non-essential businesses, gathering of more than 10 people, spreading ''fake news'' and others [91] . The effective results of the epidemic control to date have been largely contributed by the MOH and their drastic efforts in delivering rapid and decisive responses on all fronts from research, prevention, screening to diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19. doi = 10.7189/jogh.10.020502 id = cord-311210-q92xft2b author = van Empel, Giovanni title = Undertesting of COVID-19 in Indonesia: what has gone wrong? date = 2020-07-28 keywords = Indonesia summary = A country of 267 million and the fourth largest in the world, Indonesia reports a relatively small number of confirmed COVID-19 cases compared to other affected countries. The first official testing protocol for COVID-19 was published on March 16, just two weeks after the Ministry of Health reported the first case. Not long after the first protocol was published, the Ministry of Health (MoH) expanded designated test centres to ten MoH owned laboratories across Indonesia. Only after the President formally instructed to expand the testing capacity in the early April 2020 (4 weeks after the initial confirmed case was recorded), then the health authority started to decentralise the testing process to 48 public-owned laboratories. The first category is called person under surveillance which is defined as individuals who have mild acute respiratory infection symptoms with travel history from outbreak area or history of close contact to confirmed cases. doi = 10.7189/jogh.10.020306 id = cord-297823-0d3lsjjp author = Čivljak, Rok title = Earthquake in the time of COVID-19: The story from Croatia (CroVID-20) date = 2020-05-02 keywords = Croatia summary = The Government of the Republic of Croatia has established the National Civil Defense Headquarters in order to raise the level of preparedness of all the competent authorities, protect the health of Croatian citizens and coordinate all the services in the battle against SARS-CoV-2 in Croatia. The Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of the Interior was chosen to lead the headquarters, whose members are the Director of the Croatian Institute of Public Health, the Director of the Croatian Institute of Emergency Medicine, and the Director of the Dr Fran Mihaljević University Hospital for Infectious Diseases (UHID), who is also the President of the Croatian Society for Biosafety and Biosecurity. In addition to property damage, we were quite apprehensive that the earthquake would accelerate the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic in Croatia since the earthquake, which left many homeless and fearful of earthquakes to come, triggered migrations to other parts of the country. doi = 10.7189/jogh.10.010349