id sid tid token lemma pos cord-299731-sis9952k 1 1 key key JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 1 2 : : : cord-299731-sis9952k 1 3 cord-299731-sis9952k cord-299731-sis9952k NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 2 1 authors author NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 2 2 : : : cord-299731-sis9952k 2 3 Mehmel Mehmel NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 2 4 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 2 5 Mario Mario NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 2 6 ; ; : cord-299731-sis9952k 2 7 Jovanović Jovanović NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 2 8 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 2 9 Nina Nina NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 2 10 ; ; : cord-299731-sis9952k 2 11 Spitz Spitz NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 2 12 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 2 13 Urs Urs NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 2 14 title title NN cord-299731-sis9952k 2 15 : : : cord-299731-sis9952k 2 16 Nicotinamide Nicotinamide NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 2 17 Riboside Riboside NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 2 18 — — : cord-299731-sis9952k 2 19 The the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 2 20 Current current JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 2 21 State State NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 2 22 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 2 23 Research Research NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 2 24 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 2 25 Therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 2 26 Uses Uses NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 2 27 date date NN cord-299731-sis9952k 2 28 : : : cord-299731-sis9952k 2 29 2020 2020 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 2 30 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 2 31 05 05 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 2 32 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 2 33 31 31 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 2 34 journal journal NN cord-299731-sis9952k 2 35 : : : cord-299731-sis9952k 3 1 Nutrients nutrient NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 3 2 DOI DOI NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 3 3 : : : cord-299731-sis9952k 4 1 10.3390 10.3390 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 4 2 / / SYM cord-299731-sis9952k 4 3 nu12061616 nu12061616 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 4 4 sha sha NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 4 5 : : : cord-299731-sis9952k 4 6 4e77793a506ecd2fe43ba944d5ffd0c1f3227c25 4e77793a506ecd2fe43ba944d5ffd0c1f3227c25 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 4 7 doc_id doc_id CD cord-299731-sis9952k 4 8 : : : cord-299731-sis9952k 4 9 299731 299731 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 4 10 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 4 11 : : : cord-299731-sis9952k 4 12 sis9952k sis9952k NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 4 13 Nicotinamide Nicotinamide NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 4 14 riboside riboside NN cord-299731-sis9952k 4 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 4 16 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 4 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 4 18 has have VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 4 19 recently recently RB cord-299731-sis9952k 4 20 become become VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 4 21 one one CD cord-299731-sis9952k 4 22 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 4 23 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 4 24 most most RBS cord-299731-sis9952k 4 25 studied study VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 4 26 nicotinamide nicotinamide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 4 27 adenine adenine NN cord-299731-sis9952k 4 28 dinucleotide dinucleotide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 4 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 4 30 NAD(+ nad(+ CD cord-299731-sis9952k 4 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 4 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 4 33 precursors precursor NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 4 34 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 4 35 due due IN cord-299731-sis9952k 4 36 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 4 37 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-299731-sis9952k 4 38 numerous numerous JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 4 39 potential potential JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 4 40 health health NN cord-299731-sis9952k 4 41 benefits benefit NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 4 42 mediated mediate VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 4 43 via via IN cord-299731-sis9952k 4 44 elevated elevated JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 4 45 NAD(+ nad(+ CD cord-299731-sis9952k 4 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 4 47 content content NN cord-299731-sis9952k 4 48 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 4 49 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 4 50 body body NN cord-299731-sis9952k 4 51 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 5 1 NAD(+ nad(+ LS cord-299731-sis9952k 5 2 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 5 3 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 5 4 an an DT cord-299731-sis9952k 5 5 essential essential JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 5 6 coenzyme coenzyme NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 5 7 that that WDT cord-299731-sis9952k 5 8 plays play VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 5 9 important important JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 5 10 roles role NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 5 11 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 5 12 various various JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 5 13 metabolic metabolic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 5 14 pathways pathway NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 5 15 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 5 16 increasing increase VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 5 17 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-299731-sis9952k 5 18 overall overall JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 5 19 content content NN cord-299731-sis9952k 5 20 has have VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 5 21 been be VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 5 22 confirmed confirm VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 5 23 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 5 24 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 5 25 valuable valuable JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 5 26 strategy strategy NN cord-299731-sis9952k 5 27 for for IN cord-299731-sis9952k 5 28 treating treat VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 5 29 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 5 30 wide wide JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 5 31 variety variety NN cord-299731-sis9952k 5 32 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 5 33 pathophysiological pathophysiological JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 5 34 conditions condition NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 5 35 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 6 1 Accumulating accumulate VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 6 2 evidence evidence NN cord-299731-sis9952k 6 3 on on IN cord-299731-sis9952k 6 4 NRs NRs NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 6 5 ’ ’ POS cord-299731-sis9952k 6 6 health health NN cord-299731-sis9952k 6 7 benefits benefit NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 6 8 has have VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 6 9 validated validate VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 6 10 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-299731-sis9952k 6 11 efficiency efficiency NN cord-299731-sis9952k 6 12 across across IN cord-299731-sis9952k 6 13 numerous numerous JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 6 14 animal animal NN cord-299731-sis9952k 6 15 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 6 16 human human JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 6 17 studies study NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 6 18 for for IN cord-299731-sis9952k 6 19 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 6 20 treatment treatment NN cord-299731-sis9952k 6 21 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 6 22 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 6 23 number number NN cord-299731-sis9952k 6 24 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 6 25 cardiovascular cardiovascular JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 6 26 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 6 27 neurodegenerative neurodegenerative JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 6 28 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 6 29 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 6 30 metabolic metabolic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 6 31 disorders disorder NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 6 32 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 7 1 As as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 7 2 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 7 3 prevalence prevalence NN cord-299731-sis9952k 7 4 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 7 5 morbidity morbidity NN cord-299731-sis9952k 7 6 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 7 7 these these DT cord-299731-sis9952k 7 8 conditions condition NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 7 9 increases increase NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 7 10 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 7 11 modern modern JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 7 12 society society NN cord-299731-sis9952k 7 13 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 7 14 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 7 15 great great JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 7 16 necessity necessity NN cord-299731-sis9952k 7 17 has have VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 7 18 arisen arise VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 7 19 for for IN cord-299731-sis9952k 7 20 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 7 21 rapid rapid JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 7 22 translation translation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 7 23 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 7 24 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 7 25 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 7 26 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 7 27 use use NN cord-299731-sis9952k 7 28 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 7 29 further further JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 7 30 establishment establishment NN cord-299731-sis9952k 7 31 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 7 32 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-299731-sis9952k 7 33 availability availability NN cord-299731-sis9952k 7 34 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 7 35 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 7 36 nutritional nutritional JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 7 37 supplement supplement NN cord-299731-sis9952k 7 38 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 8 1 Here here RB cord-299731-sis9952k 8 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 8 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-299731-sis9952k 8 4 summarize summarize VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 8 5 currently currently RB cord-299731-sis9952k 8 6 available available JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 8 7 data datum NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 8 8 on on IN cord-299731-sis9952k 8 9 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 8 10 effects effect NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 8 11 on on IN cord-299731-sis9952k 8 12 metabolism metabolism NN cord-299731-sis9952k 8 13 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 8 14 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 8 15 several several JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 8 16 neurodegenerative neurodegenerative JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 8 17 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 8 18 cardiovascular cardiovascular JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 8 19 disorders disorder NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 8 20 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 8 21 through through IN cord-299731-sis9952k 8 22 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 8 23 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-299731-sis9952k 8 24 application application NN cord-299731-sis9952k 8 25 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 8 26 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 8 27 treatment treatment NN cord-299731-sis9952k 8 28 for for IN cord-299731-sis9952k 8 29 specific specific JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 8 30 pathophysiological pathophysiological JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 8 31 conditions condition NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 8 32 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 9 1 In in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 9 2 addition addition NN cord-299731-sis9952k 9 3 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 9 4 we -PRON- PRP cord-299731-sis9952k 9 5 have have VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 9 6 reviewed review VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 9 7 newly newly RB cord-299731-sis9952k 9 8 published publish VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 9 9 research research NN cord-299731-sis9952k 9 10 on on IN cord-299731-sis9952k 9 11 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 9 12 application application NN cord-299731-sis9952k 9 13 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 9 14 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 9 15 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 9 16 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 9 17 potential potential JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 9 18 therapy therapy NN cord-299731-sis9952k 9 19 against against IN cord-299731-sis9952k 9 20 infections infection NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 9 21 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 9 22 several several JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 9 23 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 9 24 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 9 25 including include VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 9 26 SARS SARS NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 9 27 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 9 28 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 9 29 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 10 1 Additionally additionally RB cord-299731-sis9952k 10 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 10 3 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 10 4 support support VB cord-299731-sis9952k 10 5 rapid rapid JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 10 6 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 10 7 translation translation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 10 8 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 10 9 therapeutics therapeutic NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 10 10 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 10 11 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 10 12 challenges challenge NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 10 13 related relate VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 10 14 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 10 15 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-299731-sis9952k 10 16 bioavailability bioavailability NN cord-299731-sis9952k 10 17 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 10 18 safety safety NN cord-299731-sis9952k 10 19 are be VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 10 20 addressed address VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 10 21 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 10 22 together together RB cord-299731-sis9952k 10 23 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 10 24 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 10 25 advantages advantage NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 10 26 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 10 27 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 10 28 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 10 29 other other JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 10 30 NAD(+ nad(+ CD cord-299731-sis9952k 10 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 10 32 precursors precursor NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 10 33 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 11 1 In in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 11 2 recent recent JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 11 3 years year NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 11 4 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 11 5 interest interest NN cord-299731-sis9952k 11 6 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 11 7 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 11 8 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 11 9 biology biology NN cord-299731-sis9952k 11 10 has have VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 11 11 been be VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 11 12 gaining gain VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 11 13 momentum momentum NN cord-299731-sis9952k 11 14 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 11 15 revealing reveal VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 11 16 critical critical JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 11 17 insights insight NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 11 18 into into IN cord-299731-sis9952k 11 19 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-299731-sis9952k 11 20 roles role NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 11 21 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 11 22 numerous numerous JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 11 23 physiological physiological JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 11 24 processes process NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 11 25 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 11 26 underlining underline VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 11 27 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 11 28 beneficial beneficial JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 11 29 effects effect NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 11 30 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 11 31 supplementation supplementation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 11 32 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 11 33 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-299731-sis9952k 11 34 precursors precursor NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 11 35 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 12 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-299731-sis9952k 12 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 12 3 accumulating accumulate VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 12 4 evidence evidence NN cord-299731-sis9952k 12 5 indicates indicate VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 12 6 that that IN cord-299731-sis9952k 12 7 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 12 8 decrease decrease NN cord-299731-sis9952k 12 9 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 12 10 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 12 11 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 12 12 levels level NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 12 13 contributes contribute VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 12 14 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 12 15 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 12 16 development development NN cord-299731-sis9952k 12 17 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 12 18 age age NN cord-299731-sis9952k 12 19 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 12 20 associated associate VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 12 21 pathophysiology pathophysiology NN cord-299731-sis9952k 12 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 12 23 1 1 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 12 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 12 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 12 26 2 2 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 12 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 12 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 12 29 3 3 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 12 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 12 31 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 13 1 The the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 13 2 systemic systemic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 13 3 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 13 4 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 13 5 decrease decrease NN cord-299731-sis9952k 13 6 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 13 7 caused cause VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 13 8 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 13 9 both both DT cord-299731-sis9952k 13 10 lowered lower VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 13 11 rates rate NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 13 12 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 13 13 biosynthesis biosynthesis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 13 14 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 13 15 increased increase VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 13 16 use use NN cord-299731-sis9952k 13 17 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 13 18 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 13 19 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 13 20 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 14 1 The the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 14 2 immense immense JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 14 3 demand demand NN cord-299731-sis9952k 14 4 for for IN cord-299731-sis9952k 14 5 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 14 6 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 14 7 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 14 8 caused cause VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 14 9 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 14 10 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-299731-sis9952k 14 11 importance importance NN cord-299731-sis9952k 14 12 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 14 13 cellular cellular JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 14 14 oxidation oxidation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 14 15 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 14 16 reduction reduction NN cord-299731-sis9952k 14 17 reactions reaction NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 14 18 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 14 19 including include VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 14 20 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 14 21 majority majority NN cord-299731-sis9952k 14 22 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 14 23 catabolic catabolic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 14 24 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 14 25 anabolic anabolic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 14 26 reactions reaction NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 14 27 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 14 28 such such JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 14 29 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 14 30 glycolysis glycolysis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 14 31 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 14 32 fatty fatty JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 14 33 acid acid NN cord-299731-sis9952k 14 34 β β NN cord-299731-sis9952k 14 35 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 14 36 oxidation oxidation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 14 37 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 14 38 tricarboxylic tricarboxylic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 14 39 acid acid NN cord-299731-sis9952k 14 40 cycle cycle NN cord-299731-sis9952k 14 41 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 14 42 synthesis synthesis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 14 43 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 14 44 fatty fatty JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 14 45 acids acid NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 14 46 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 14 47 cholesterol cholesterol NN cord-299731-sis9952k 14 48 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 14 49 steroids steroid NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 14 50 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 14 51 etc etc FW cord-299731-sis9952k 14 52 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 15 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 15 2 4 4 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 15 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 15 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 15 5 5 5 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 15 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 15 7 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 15 8 6 6 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 15 9 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 15 10 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 16 1 Additionally additionally RB cord-299731-sis9952k 16 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 16 3 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 16 4 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 16 5 -consuming -consuming NN cord-299731-sis9952k 16 6 enzymes enzyme NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 16 7 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 16 8 such such JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 16 9 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 16 10 sirtuins sirtuin NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 16 11 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 16 12 poly poly JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 16 13 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 16 14 ADP adp NN cord-299731-sis9952k 16 15 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 16 16 ribose ribose NN cord-299731-sis9952k 16 17 polymerases polymerase NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 16 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 16 19 PARPs PARPs NNPS cord-299731-sis9952k 16 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 16 21 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 16 22 cADP cadp JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 16 23 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 16 24 ribose ribose NN cord-299731-sis9952k 16 25 synthases synthase NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 16 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 16 27 CD38/157 cd38/157 PRP$ cord-299731-sis9952k 16 28 ectoenzymes ectoenzymes VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 16 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 16 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 16 31 7 7 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 16 32 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 16 33 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 16 34 8 8 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 16 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 16 36 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 16 37 9 9 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 16 38 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 16 39 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 16 40 mono mono JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 16 41 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 16 42 ADP adp JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 16 43 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 16 44 ribose ribose NN cord-299731-sis9952k 16 45 transferases transferase NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 16 46 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 16 47 ARTs art NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 16 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 16 49 contribute contribute VB cord-299731-sis9952k 16 50 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 16 51 an an DT cord-299731-sis9952k 16 52 overall overall JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 16 53 depletion depletion NN cord-299731-sis9952k 16 54 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 16 55 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 16 56 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 16 57 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 17 1 Biosynthesis Biosynthesis NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 17 2 can can MD cord-299731-sis9952k 17 3 compensate compensate VB cord-299731-sis9952k 17 4 somewhat somewhat RB cord-299731-sis9952k 17 5 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 17 6 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 17 7 depleted deplete VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 17 8 levels level NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 17 9 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 17 10 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 17 11 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 17 12 via via IN cord-299731-sis9952k 17 13 de de NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 17 14 novo novo NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 17 15 synthesis synthesis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 17 16 from from IN cord-299731-sis9952k 17 17 tryptophan tryptophan NN cord-299731-sis9952k 17 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 17 19 Trp Trp NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 17 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 17 21 or or CC cord-299731-sis9952k 17 22 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 17 23 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 17 24 salvage salvage NN cord-299731-sis9952k 17 25 pathways pathway NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 17 26 from from IN cord-299731-sis9952k 17 27 four four CD cord-299731-sis9952k 17 28 other other JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 17 29 precursors precursor NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 17 30 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 17 31 Figure figure NN cord-299731-sis9952k 17 32 1 1 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 17 33 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 18 1 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 18 2 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 18 3 synthesis synthesis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 18 4 pathways pathway NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 18 5 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 19 1 The the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 19 2 figure figure NN cord-299731-sis9952k 19 3 depicts depict VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 19 4 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 19 5 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 19 6 de de FW cord-299731-sis9952k 19 7 novo novo NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 19 8 pathway pathway NN cord-299731-sis9952k 19 9 from from IN cord-299731-sis9952k 19 10 tryptophan tryptophan NN cord-299731-sis9952k 19 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 19 12 Trp Trp NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 19 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 19 14 through through IN cord-299731-sis9952k 19 15 quinolinic quinolinic NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 19 16 acid acid NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 19 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 19 18 QA QA NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 19 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 19 20 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 19 21 Preiss Preiss NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 19 22 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 19 23 Handler Handler NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 19 24 pathway pathway NN cord-299731-sis9952k 19 25 from from IN cord-299731-sis9952k 19 26 nicotinic nicotinic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 19 27 acid acid NN cord-299731-sis9952k 19 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 19 29 NA NA NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 19 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 19 31 via via IN cord-299731-sis9952k 19 32 nicotinic nicotinic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 19 33 acid acid NN cord-299731-sis9952k 19 34 adenine adenine NN cord-299731-sis9952k 19 35 dinucleotide dinucleotide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 19 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 19 37 NAAD NAAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 19 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 19 39 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 19 40 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 19 41 synthetase synthetase NN cord-299731-sis9952k 19 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 19 43 NADS NADS NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 19 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 19 45 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 19 46 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 19 47 " " `` cord-299731-sis9952k 19 48 salvage salvage NN cord-299731-sis9952k 19 49 pathways pathway NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 19 50 " " '' cord-299731-sis9952k 19 51 from from IN cord-299731-sis9952k 19 52 nicotinamide nicotinamide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 19 53 riboside riboside NN cord-299731-sis9952k 19 54 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 19 55 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 19 56 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 19 57 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 19 58 nicotinamide nicotinamide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 19 59 mononucleotide mononucleotide NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 19 60 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 19 61 NMN NMN NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 19 62 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 20 1 via via IN cord-299731-sis9952k 20 2 purine purine NN cord-299731-sis9952k 20 3 nucleoside nucleoside NN cord-299731-sis9952k 20 4 phosphorylase phosphorylase NN cord-299731-sis9952k 20 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 20 6 NP NP NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 20 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 20 8 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 20 9 nicotinamide nicotinamide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 20 10 phosphoribosyltransferase phosphoribosyltransferase NN cord-299731-sis9952k 20 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 20 12 NAMPT NAMPT NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 20 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 20 14 enzymes enzyme NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 20 15 or or CC cord-299731-sis9952k 20 16 nicotinamide nicotinamide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 20 17 ribose ribose NN cord-299731-sis9952k 20 18 kinases kinase NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 20 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 20 20 NRK NRK NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 20 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 20 22 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 20 23 NMN NMN NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 20 24 / / SYM cord-299731-sis9952k 20 25 NaMN NaMN NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 20 26 adenylyltransferases adenylyltransferase NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 20 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 20 28 NMNAT NMNAT NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 20 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 20 30 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 20 31 respectively respectively RB cord-299731-sis9952k 20 32 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 21 1 Figure figure NN cord-299731-sis9952k 21 2 1 1 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 21 3 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 22 1 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 22 2 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 22 3 synthesis synthesis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 22 4 pathways pathway NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 22 5 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 23 1 The the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 23 2 figure figure NN cord-299731-sis9952k 23 3 depicts depict VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 23 4 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 23 5 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 23 6 de de FW cord-299731-sis9952k 23 7 novo novo NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 23 8 pathway pathway NN cord-299731-sis9952k 23 9 from from IN cord-299731-sis9952k 23 10 tryptophan tryptophan NN cord-299731-sis9952k 23 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 23 12 Trp Trp NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 23 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 23 14 through through IN cord-299731-sis9952k 23 15 quinolinic quinolinic NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 23 16 acid acid NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 23 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 23 18 QA QA NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 23 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 23 20 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 23 21 Preiss Preiss NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 23 22 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 23 23 Handler Handler NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 23 24 pathway pathway NN cord-299731-sis9952k 23 25 from from IN cord-299731-sis9952k 23 26 nicotinic nicotinic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 23 27 acid acid NN cord-299731-sis9952k 23 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 23 29 NA NA NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 23 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 23 31 via via IN cord-299731-sis9952k 23 32 nicotinic nicotinic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 23 33 acid acid NN cord-299731-sis9952k 23 34 adenine adenine NN cord-299731-sis9952k 23 35 dinucleotide dinucleotide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 23 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 23 37 NAAD NAAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 23 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 23 39 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 23 40 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 23 41 synthetase synthetase NN cord-299731-sis9952k 23 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 23 43 NADS NADS NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 23 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 23 45 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 23 46 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 23 47 " " `` cord-299731-sis9952k 23 48 salvage salvage NN cord-299731-sis9952k 23 49 pathways pathway NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 23 50 " " '' cord-299731-sis9952k 23 51 from from IN cord-299731-sis9952k 23 52 nicotinamide nicotinamide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 23 53 riboside riboside NN cord-299731-sis9952k 23 54 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 23 55 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 23 56 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 23 57 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 23 58 nicotinamide nicotinamide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 23 59 mononucleotide mononucleotide NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 23 60 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 23 61 NMN NMN NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 23 62 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 24 1 via via IN cord-299731-sis9952k 24 2 purine purine NN cord-299731-sis9952k 24 3 nucleoside nucleoside NN cord-299731-sis9952k 24 4 phosphorylase phosphorylase NN cord-299731-sis9952k 24 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 24 6 NP NP NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 24 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 24 8 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 24 9 nicotinamide nicotinamide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 24 10 phosphoribosyltransferase phosphoribosyltransferase NN cord-299731-sis9952k 24 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 24 12 NAMPT NAMPT NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 24 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 24 14 enzymes enzyme NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 24 15 or or CC cord-299731-sis9952k 24 16 nicotinamide nicotinamide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 24 17 ribose ribose NN cord-299731-sis9952k 24 18 kinases kinase NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 24 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 24 20 NRK NRK NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 24 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 24 22 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 24 23 NMN NMN NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 24 24 / / SYM cord-299731-sis9952k 24 25 NaMN NaMN NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 24 26 adenylyltransferases adenylyltransferase NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 24 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 24 28 NMNAT NMNAT NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 24 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 24 30 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 24 31 respectively respectively RB cord-299731-sis9952k 24 32 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 25 1 The the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 25 2 importance importance NN cord-299731-sis9952k 25 3 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 25 4 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 25 5 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 25 6 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 25 7 reflected reflect VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 25 8 through through IN cord-299731-sis9952k 25 9 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 25 10 activity activity NN cord-299731-sis9952k 25 11 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 25 12 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 25 13 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 25 14 -depleting -depleting NN cord-299731-sis9952k 25 15 enzymes enzyme NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 25 16 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 25 17 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 25 18 mediators mediator NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 25 19 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 25 20 aging aging NN cord-299731-sis9952k 25 21 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 25 22 which which WDT cord-299731-sis9952k 25 23 are be VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 25 24 mostly mostly RB cord-299731-sis9952k 25 25 induced induce VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 25 26 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 25 27 stress stress NN cord-299731-sis9952k 25 28 factors factor NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 25 29 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 25 30 such such JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 25 31 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 25 32 DNA dna NN cord-299731-sis9952k 25 33 damage damage NN cord-299731-sis9952k 25 34 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 25 35 oxidative oxidative JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 25 36 stress stress NN cord-299731-sis9952k 25 37 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 25 38 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 25 39 inflammation inflammation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 25 40 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 26 1 The the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 26 2 major major JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 26 3 downstream downstream JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 26 4 mediators mediator NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 26 5 are be VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 26 6 sirtuins sirtuin NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 26 7 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 26 8 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 26 9 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 26 10 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 26 11 -dependent -dependent NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 26 12 deacetylases deacetylases NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 26 13 / / SYM cord-299731-sis9952k 26 14 deacylases deacylase NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 26 15 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 27 1 Sirtuins sirtuin NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 27 2 are be VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 27 3 conserved conserve VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 27 4 regulators regulator NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 27 5 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 27 6 aging age VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 27 7 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 27 8 longevity longevity NN cord-299731-sis9952k 27 9 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 27 10 diverse diverse JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 27 11 organisms organism NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 27 12 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 27 13 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 27 14 regarded regard VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 27 15 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 27 16 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 27 17 master master NN cord-299731-sis9952k 27 18 switches switch VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 27 19 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 27 20 metabolism metabolism NN cord-299731-sis9952k 27 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 27 22 22 22 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 27 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 27 24 due due IN cord-299731-sis9952k 27 25 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 27 26 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-299731-sis9952k 27 27 numerous numerous JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 27 28 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 27 29 functions function NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 27 30 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 27 31 metabolism metabolism NN cord-299731-sis9952k 27 32 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 27 33 DNA dna NN cord-299731-sis9952k 27 34 repair repair NN cord-299731-sis9952k 27 35 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 27 36 stress stress NN cord-299731-sis9952k 27 37 response response NN cord-299731-sis9952k 27 38 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 27 39 chromatin chromatin NN cord-299731-sis9952k 27 40 remodeling remodeling NN cord-299731-sis9952k 27 41 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 27 42 circadian circadian NN cord-299731-sis9952k 27 43 rhythm rhythm NN cord-299731-sis9952k 27 44 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 28 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 28 2 Table table NN cord-299731-sis9952k 28 3 1 1 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 28 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 28 5 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 28 6 2 2 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 28 7 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 28 8 23 23 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 28 9 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 28 10 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 29 1 Together together RB cord-299731-sis9952k 29 2 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 29 3 sirtuins sirtuin NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 29 4 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 29 5 PARPs PARPs NNPS cord-299731-sis9952k 29 6 use use VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 29 7 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 29 8 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 29 9 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 29 10 produce produce VB cord-299731-sis9952k 29 11 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 29 12 chain chain NN cord-299731-sis9952k 29 13 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 29 14 ADP ADP NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 29 15 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 29 16 ribose ribose NN cord-299731-sis9952k 29 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 29 18 ADPR ADPR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 29 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 29 20 molecules molecule NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 29 21 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 30 1 PARP1 PARP1 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 30 2 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 30 3 PARP2 PARP2 VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 30 4 respond respond VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 30 5 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 30 6 DNA dna NN cord-299731-sis9952k 30 7 breaks break NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 30 8 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 30 9 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 30 10 nucleus nucleus NN cord-299731-sis9952k 30 11 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 30 12 facilitate facilitate VB cord-299731-sis9952k 30 13 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 30 14 process process NN cord-299731-sis9952k 30 15 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 30 16 DNA dna NN cord-299731-sis9952k 30 17 repair repair NN cord-299731-sis9952k 30 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 30 19 23 23 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 30 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 30 21 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 31 1 As as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 31 2 DNA dna NN cord-299731-sis9952k 31 3 damage damage NN cord-299731-sis9952k 31 4 accumulates accumulate VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 31 5 over over IN cord-299731-sis9952k 31 6 time time NN cord-299731-sis9952k 31 7 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 31 8 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 31 9 activation activation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 31 10 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 31 11 PARPs PARPs NNPS cord-299731-sis9952k 31 12 increase increase NN cord-299731-sis9952k 31 13 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 31 14 which which WDT cord-299731-sis9952k 31 15 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 31 16 turn turn NN cord-299731-sis9952k 31 17 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 31 18 lowers lower VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 31 19 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 31 20 activity activity NN cord-299731-sis9952k 31 21 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 31 22 SIRT1 sirt1 NN cord-299731-sis9952k 31 23 due due IN cord-299731-sis9952k 31 24 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 31 25 both both DT cord-299731-sis9952k 31 26 substrate substrate NN cord-299731-sis9952k 31 27 competition competition NN cord-299731-sis9952k 31 28 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 31 29 PARP2 parp2 NN cord-299731-sis9952k 31 30 s s POS cord-299731-sis9952k 31 31 ability ability NN cord-299731-sis9952k 31 32 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 31 33 bind bind VB cord-299731-sis9952k 31 34 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 31 35 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 31 36 promoter promoter NN cord-299731-sis9952k 31 37 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 31 38 Sirt1 Sirt1 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 31 39 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 31 40 repress repress VB cord-299731-sis9952k 31 41 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-299731-sis9952k 31 42 expression expression NN cord-299731-sis9952k 31 43 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 31 44 24 24 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 31 45 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 31 46 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 32 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-299731-sis9952k 32 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 32 3 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 32 4 content content NN cord-299731-sis9952k 32 5 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 32 6 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 32 7 primary primary JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 32 8 NADase NADase NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 32 9 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 32 10 mammals mammal NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 32 11 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 32 12 CD38 CD38 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 32 13 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 32 14 increases increase VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 32 15 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 32 16 age age NN cord-299731-sis9952k 32 17 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 33 1 This this DT cord-299731-sis9952k 33 2 enzyme enzyme NN cord-299731-sis9952k 33 3 uses use VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 33 4 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 33 5 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 33 6 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 33 7 produce produce VB cord-299731-sis9952k 33 8 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 33 9 hydrolyze hydrolyze VB cord-299731-sis9952k 33 10 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 33 11 Ca Ca NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 33 12 2 2 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 33 13 + + SYM cord-299731-sis9952k 33 14 -mobilizing -mobilize VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 33 15 second second JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 33 16 messenger messenger NN cord-299731-sis9952k 33 17 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 33 18 cADP cadp JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 33 19 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 33 20 ribose ribose NN cord-299731-sis9952k 33 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 33 22 25 25 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 33 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 33 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 33 25 26 26 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 33 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 33 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 33 28 27 27 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 33 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 33 30 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 34 1 CD38 CD38 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 34 2 can can MD cord-299731-sis9952k 34 3 also also RB cord-299731-sis9952k 34 4 degrade degrade VB cord-299731-sis9952k 34 5 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 34 6 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 34 7 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 34 8 intermediates intermediate NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 34 9 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 34 10 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 34 11 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 34 12 NMN NMN NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 34 13 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 34 14 28 28 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 34 15 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 34 16 29 29 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 34 17 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 34 18 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 34 19 which which WDT cord-299731-sis9952k 34 20 further further RB cord-299731-sis9952k 34 21 decreases decrease VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 34 22 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 34 23 content content NN cord-299731-sis9952k 34 24 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 34 25 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 34 26 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 34 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 34 28 30 30 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 34 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 34 30 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 35 1 The the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 35 2 effect effect NN cord-299731-sis9952k 35 3 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 35 4 CD38 CD38 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 35 5 on on IN cord-299731-sis9952k 35 6 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 35 7 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 35 8 content content NN cord-299731-sis9952k 35 9 was be VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 35 10 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 35 11 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 35 12 CD38-deficient cd38-deficient CD cord-299731-sis9952k 35 13 mice mouse NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 35 14 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 35 15 whose whose WP$ cord-299731-sis9952k 35 16 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 35 17 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 35 18 levels level NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 35 19 remain remain VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 35 20 high high JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 35 21 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 36 1 This this DT cord-299731-sis9952k 36 2 preserves preserve VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 36 3 mitochondrial mitochondrial JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 36 4 respiration respiration NN cord-299731-sis9952k 36 5 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 36 6 metabolic metabolic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 36 7 function function NN cord-299731-sis9952k 36 8 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 36 9 age age NN cord-299731-sis9952k 36 10 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 36 11 31 31 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 36 12 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 36 13 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 37 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-299731-sis9952k 37 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 37 3 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 37 4 inhibition inhibition NN cord-299731-sis9952k 37 5 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 37 6 CD38 CD38 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 37 7 can can MD cord-299731-sis9952k 37 8 increase increase VB cord-299731-sis9952k 37 9 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 37 10 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 37 11 levels level NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 37 12 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 37 13 improve improve VB cord-299731-sis9952k 37 14 glucose glucose NN cord-299731-sis9952k 37 15 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 37 16 lipid lipid NN cord-299731-sis9952k 37 17 metabolism metabolism NN cord-299731-sis9952k 37 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 37 19 32 32 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 37 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 37 21 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 38 1 Apart apart RB cord-299731-sis9952k 38 2 from from IN cord-299731-sis9952k 38 3 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 38 4 ectoenzymes ectoenzymes JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 38 5 CD38 CD38 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 38 6 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 38 7 CD157 CD157 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 38 8 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 38 9 SARM1 SARM1 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 38 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 38 11 sterile sterile JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 38 12 alpha alpha NN cord-299731-sis9952k 38 13 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 38 14 Toll Toll NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 38 15 / / SYM cord-299731-sis9952k 38 16 interleukin-1 interleukin-1 NN cord-299731-sis9952k 38 17 receptor receptor NN cord-299731-sis9952k 38 18 motif motif NN cord-299731-sis9952k 38 19 - - : cord-299731-sis9952k 38 20 containing contain VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 38 21 1 1 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 38 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 38 23 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 38 24 an an DT cord-299731-sis9952k 38 25 additional additional JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 38 26 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 38 27 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 38 28 -depleting -depleting NN cord-299731-sis9952k 38 29 enzyme enzyme NN cord-299731-sis9952k 38 30 that that WDT cord-299731-sis9952k 38 31 uses use VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 38 32 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 38 33 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 38 34 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 38 35 promote promote VB cord-299731-sis9952k 38 36 axonal axonal JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 38 37 degeneration degeneration NN cord-299731-sis9952k 38 38 after after IN cord-299731-sis9952k 38 39 injury injury NN cord-299731-sis9952k 38 40 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 38 41 thereby thereby RB cord-299731-sis9952k 38 42 decreases decrease VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 38 43 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-299731-sis9952k 38 44 overall overall JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 38 45 content content NN cord-299731-sis9952k 38 46 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 38 47 33 33 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 38 48 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 38 49 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 39 1 Nutrients nutrient NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 39 2 2020 2020 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 39 3 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 39 4 12 12 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 39 5 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 39 6 x x NN cord-299731-sis9952k 39 7 FOR for IN cord-299731-sis9952k 39 8 PEER PEER NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 39 9 REVIEW REVIEW NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 39 10 3 3 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 39 11 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 39 12 22 22 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 39 13 Figure figure NN cord-299731-sis9952k 39 14 2 2 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 39 15 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 40 1 Activation activation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 40 2 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 40 3 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 40 4 NMRK2 NMRK2 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 40 5 pathway pathway NN cord-299731-sis9952k 40 6 represent represent VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 40 7 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 40 8 common common JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 40 9 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 40 10 mechanism mechanism NN cord-299731-sis9952k 40 11 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 40 12 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 40 13 failing fail VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 40 14 heart heart NN cord-299731-sis9952k 40 15 where where WRB cord-299731-sis9952k 40 16 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 40 17 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 40 18 levels level NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 40 19 are be VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 40 20 low low JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 40 21 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 41 1 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 41 2 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 41 3 synthesis synthesis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 41 4 from from IN cord-299731-sis9952k 41 5 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 41 6 through through IN cord-299731-sis9952k 41 7 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 41 8 NMRK2 NMRK2 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 41 9 pathway pathway NN cord-299731-sis9952k 41 10 may may MD cord-299731-sis9952k 41 11 be be VB cord-299731-sis9952k 41 12 favored favor VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 41 13 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 41 14 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 41 15 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 41 16 NMN NMN NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 41 17 synthesis synthesis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 41 18 from from IN cord-299731-sis9952k 41 19 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 41 20 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 41 21 NMRK NMRK NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 41 22 enzymes enzyme NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 41 23 requires require VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 41 24 only only RB cord-299731-sis9952k 41 25 one one CD cord-299731-sis9952k 41 26 ATP ATP NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 41 27 molecule molecule NN cord-299731-sis9952k 41 28 while while IN cord-299731-sis9952k 41 29 synthesis synthesis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 41 30 from from IN cord-299731-sis9952k 41 31 NAM NAM NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 41 32 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 41 33 NAMPT NAMPT NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 41 34 requires require VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 41 35 at at IN cord-299731-sis9952k 41 36 least least RBS cord-299731-sis9952k 41 37 three three CD cord-299731-sis9952k 41 38 ATP ATP NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 41 39 equivalents equivalent NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 41 40 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 42 1 The the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 42 2 importance importance NN cord-299731-sis9952k 42 3 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 42 4 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 42 5 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 42 6 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 42 7 reflected reflect VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 42 8 through through IN cord-299731-sis9952k 42 9 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 42 10 activity activity NN cord-299731-sis9952k 42 11 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 42 12 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 42 13 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 42 14 -depleting -depleting NN cord-299731-sis9952k 42 15 enzymes enzyme NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 42 16 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 42 17 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 42 18 mediators mediator NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 42 19 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 42 20 aging aging NN cord-299731-sis9952k 42 21 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 42 22 which which WDT cord-299731-sis9952k 42 23 are be VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 42 24 mostly mostly RB cord-299731-sis9952k 42 25 induced induce VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 42 26 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 42 27 stress stress NN cord-299731-sis9952k 42 28 factors factor NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 42 29 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 42 30 such such JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 42 31 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 42 32 DNA dna NN cord-299731-sis9952k 42 33 damage damage NN cord-299731-sis9952k 42 34 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 42 35 oxidative oxidative JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 42 36 stress stress NN cord-299731-sis9952k 42 37 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 42 38 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 42 39 inflammation inflammation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 42 40 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 43 1 The the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 43 2 major major JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 43 3 downstream downstream JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 43 4 mediators mediator NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 43 5 are be VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 43 6 sirtuins sirtuin NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 43 7 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 43 8 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 43 9 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 43 10 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 43 11 -dependent -dependent NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 43 12 deacetylases deacetylases NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 43 13 / / SYM cord-299731-sis9952k 43 14 deacylases deacylase NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 43 15 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 44 1 Sirtuins sirtuin NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 44 2 are be VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 44 3 conserved conserve VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 44 4 regulators regulator NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 44 5 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 44 6 aging age VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 44 7 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 44 8 longevity longevity NN cord-299731-sis9952k 44 9 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 44 10 diverse diverse JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 44 11 organisms organism NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 44 12 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 44 13 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 44 14 regarded regard VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 44 15 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 44 16 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 44 17 master master NN cord-299731-sis9952k 44 18 switches switch VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 44 19 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 44 20 metabolism metabolism NN cord-299731-sis9952k 44 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 44 22 22 22 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 44 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 44 24 due due IN cord-299731-sis9952k 44 25 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 44 26 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-299731-sis9952k 44 27 numerous numerous JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 44 28 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 44 29 functions function NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 44 30 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 44 31 metabolism metabolism NN cord-299731-sis9952k 44 32 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 44 33 DNA dna NN cord-299731-sis9952k 44 34 repair repair NN cord-299731-sis9952k 44 35 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 44 36 stress stress NN cord-299731-sis9952k 44 37 response response NN cord-299731-sis9952k 44 38 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 44 39 chromatin chromatin NN cord-299731-sis9952k 44 40 remodeling remodeling NN cord-299731-sis9952k 44 41 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 44 42 circadian circadian NN cord-299731-sis9952k 44 43 rhythm rhythm NN cord-299731-sis9952k 44 44 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 45 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 45 2 Table table NN cord-299731-sis9952k 45 3 1 1 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 45 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 45 5 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 45 6 2 2 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 45 7 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 45 8 23 23 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 45 9 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 45 10 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 46 1 Together together RB cord-299731-sis9952k 46 2 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 46 3 sirtuins sirtuin NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 46 4 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 46 5 PARPs PARPs NNPS cord-299731-sis9952k 46 6 use use VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 46 7 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 46 8 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 46 9 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 46 10 produce produce VB cord-299731-sis9952k 46 11 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 46 12 chain chain NN cord-299731-sis9952k 46 13 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 46 14 ADP ADP NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 46 15 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 46 16 ribose ribose NN cord-299731-sis9952k 46 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 46 18 ADPR ADPR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 46 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 46 20 molecules molecule NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 46 21 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 47 1 PARP1 PARP1 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 47 2 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 47 3 PARP2 PARP2 VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 47 4 respond respond VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 47 5 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 47 6 DNA dna NN cord-299731-sis9952k 47 7 breaks break NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 47 8 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 47 9 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 47 10 nucleus nucleus NN cord-299731-sis9952k 47 11 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 47 12 facilitate facilitate VB cord-299731-sis9952k 47 13 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 47 14 process process NN cord-299731-sis9952k 47 15 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 47 16 DNA dna NN cord-299731-sis9952k 47 17 repair repair NN cord-299731-sis9952k 47 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 47 19 23 23 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 47 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 47 21 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 48 1 As as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 48 2 DNA dna NN cord-299731-sis9952k 48 3 damage damage NN cord-299731-sis9952k 48 4 accumulates accumulate VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 48 5 over over IN cord-299731-sis9952k 48 6 time time NN cord-299731-sis9952k 48 7 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 48 8 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 48 9 activation activation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 48 10 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 48 11 PARPs PARPs NNPS cord-299731-sis9952k 48 12 increase increase NN cord-299731-sis9952k 48 13 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 48 14 which which WDT cord-299731-sis9952k 48 15 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 48 16 turn turn NN cord-299731-sis9952k 48 17 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 48 18 lowers lower VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 48 19 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 48 20 activity activity NN cord-299731-sis9952k 48 21 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 48 22 SIRT1 sirt1 NN cord-299731-sis9952k 48 23 due due IN cord-299731-sis9952k 48 24 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 48 25 both both DT cord-299731-sis9952k 48 26 substrate substrate NN cord-299731-sis9952k 48 27 competition competition NN cord-299731-sis9952k 48 28 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 48 29 PARP2′s parp2′s JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 48 30 ability ability NN cord-299731-sis9952k 48 31 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 48 32 bind bind VB cord-299731-sis9952k 48 33 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 48 34 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 48 35 promoter promoter NN cord-299731-sis9952k 48 36 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 48 37 Sirt1 Sirt1 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 48 38 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 48 39 repress repress VB cord-299731-sis9952k 48 40 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-299731-sis9952k 48 41 expression expression NN cord-299731-sis9952k 48 42 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 48 43 24 24 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 48 44 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 48 45 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 49 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-299731-sis9952k 49 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 49 3 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 49 4 content content NN cord-299731-sis9952k 49 5 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 49 6 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 49 7 primary primary JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 49 8 NADase NADase NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 49 9 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 49 10 mammals mammal NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 49 11 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 49 12 CD38 CD38 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 49 13 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 49 14 increases increase VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 49 15 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 49 16 age age NN cord-299731-sis9952k 49 17 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 50 1 This this DT cord-299731-sis9952k 50 2 enzyme enzyme NN cord-299731-sis9952k 50 3 uses use VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 50 4 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 50 5 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 50 6 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 50 7 produce produce VB cord-299731-sis9952k 50 8 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 50 9 hydrolyze hydrolyze VB cord-299731-sis9952k 50 10 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 50 11 Ca Ca NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 50 12 2 2 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 50 13 + + SYM cord-299731-sis9952k 50 14 -mobilizing -mobilize VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 50 15 second second JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 50 16 messenger messenger NN cord-299731-sis9952k 50 17 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 50 18 cADP cadp JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 50 19 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 50 20 ribose ribose NN cord-299731-sis9952k 50 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 50 22 25 25 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 50 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 50 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 50 25 26 26 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 50 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 50 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 50 28 27 27 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 50 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 50 30 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 51 1 CD38 CD38 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 51 2 can can MD cord-299731-sis9952k 51 3 also also RB cord-299731-sis9952k 51 4 degrade degrade VB cord-299731-sis9952k 51 5 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 51 6 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 51 7 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 51 8 intermediates intermediate NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 51 9 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 51 10 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 51 11 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 51 12 NMN NMN NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 51 13 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 51 14 28 28 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 51 15 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 51 16 29 29 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 51 17 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 51 18 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 51 19 which which WDT cord-299731-sis9952k 51 20 further further RB cord-299731-sis9952k 51 21 decreases decrease VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 51 22 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 51 23 content content NN cord-299731-sis9952k 51 24 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 51 25 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 51 26 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 51 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 51 28 30 30 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 51 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 51 30 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 52 1 The the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 52 2 effect effect NN cord-299731-sis9952k 52 3 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 52 4 CD38 CD38 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 52 5 on on IN cord-299731-sis9952k 52 6 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 52 7 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 52 8 content content NN cord-299731-sis9952k 52 9 was be VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 52 10 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 52 11 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 52 12 CD38-deficient cd38-deficient CD cord-299731-sis9952k 52 13 mice mouse NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 52 14 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 52 15 whose whose WP$ cord-299731-sis9952k 52 16 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 52 17 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 52 18 levels level NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 52 19 remain remain VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 52 20 high high JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 52 21 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 53 1 This this DT cord-299731-sis9952k 53 2 preserves preserve VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 53 3 mitochondrial mitochondrial JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 53 4 respiration respiration NN cord-299731-sis9952k 53 5 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 53 6 metabolic metabolic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 53 7 function function NN cord-299731-sis9952k 53 8 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 53 9 age age NN cord-299731-sis9952k 53 10 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 53 11 31 31 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 53 12 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 53 13 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 54 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-299731-sis9952k 54 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 54 3 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 54 4 inhibition inhibition NN cord-299731-sis9952k 54 5 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 54 6 CD38 CD38 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 54 7 can can MD cord-299731-sis9952k 54 8 increase increase VB cord-299731-sis9952k 54 9 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 54 10 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 54 11 levels level NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 54 12 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 54 13 improve improve VB cord-299731-sis9952k 54 14 glucose glucose NN cord-299731-sis9952k 54 15 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 54 16 lipid lipid NN cord-299731-sis9952k 54 17 metabolism metabolism NN cord-299731-sis9952k 54 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 54 19 32 32 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 54 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 54 21 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 55 1 Apart apart RB cord-299731-sis9952k 55 2 from from IN cord-299731-sis9952k 55 3 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 55 4 ectoenzymes ectoenzymes JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 55 5 CD38 CD38 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 55 6 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 55 7 CD157 CD157 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 55 8 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 55 9 SARM1 SARM1 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 55 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 55 11 sterile sterile JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 55 12 alpha alpha NN cord-299731-sis9952k 55 13 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 55 14 Toll Toll NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 55 15 / / SYM cord-299731-sis9952k 55 16 interleukin-1 interleukin-1 NN cord-299731-sis9952k 55 17 receptor receptor NN cord-299731-sis9952k 55 18 motif motif NN cord-299731-sis9952k 55 19 - - : cord-299731-sis9952k 55 20 containing contain VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 55 21 1 1 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 55 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 55 23 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 55 24 an an DT cord-299731-sis9952k 55 25 additional additional JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 55 26 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 55 27 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 55 28 -depleting -depleting NN cord-299731-sis9952k 55 29 enzyme enzyme NN cord-299731-sis9952k 55 30 that that WDT cord-299731-sis9952k 55 31 uses use VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 55 32 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 55 33 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 55 34 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 55 35 promote promote VB cord-299731-sis9952k 55 36 axonal axonal JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 55 37 degeneration degeneration NN cord-299731-sis9952k 55 38 after after IN cord-299731-sis9952k 55 39 injury injury NN cord-299731-sis9952k 55 40 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 55 41 thereby thereby RB cord-299731-sis9952k 55 42 decreases decrease VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 55 43 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-299731-sis9952k 55 44 overall overall JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 55 45 content content NN cord-299731-sis9952k 55 46 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 55 47 33 33 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 55 48 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 55 49 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 56 1 Activation activation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 56 2 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 56 3 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 56 4 NMRK2 NMRK2 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 56 5 pathway pathway NN cord-299731-sis9952k 56 6 represent represent VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 56 7 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 56 8 common common JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 56 9 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 56 10 mechanism mechanism NN cord-299731-sis9952k 56 11 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 56 12 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 56 13 failing fail VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 56 14 heart heart NN cord-299731-sis9952k 56 15 where where WRB cord-299731-sis9952k 56 16 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 56 17 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 56 18 levels level NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 56 19 are be VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 56 20 low low JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 56 21 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 57 1 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 57 2 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 57 3 synthesis synthesis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 57 4 from from IN cord-299731-sis9952k 57 5 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 57 6 through through IN cord-299731-sis9952k 57 7 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 57 8 NMRK2 NMRK2 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 57 9 pathway pathway NN cord-299731-sis9952k 57 10 may may MD cord-299731-sis9952k 57 11 be be VB cord-299731-sis9952k 57 12 favored favor VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 57 13 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 57 14 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 57 15 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 57 16 NMN NMN NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 57 17 synthesis synthesis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 57 18 from from IN cord-299731-sis9952k 57 19 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 57 20 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 57 21 NMRK NMRK NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 57 22 enzymes enzyme NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 57 23 requires require VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 57 24 only only RB cord-299731-sis9952k 57 25 one one CD cord-299731-sis9952k 57 26 ATP ATP NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 57 27 molecule molecule NN cord-299731-sis9952k 57 28 while while IN cord-299731-sis9952k 57 29 synthesis synthesis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 57 30 from from IN cord-299731-sis9952k 57 31 NAM NAM NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 57 32 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 57 33 NAMPT NAMPT NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 57 34 requires require VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 57 35 at at IN cord-299731-sis9952k 57 36 least least RBS cord-299731-sis9952k 57 37 three three CD cord-299731-sis9952k 57 38 ATP ATP NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 57 39 equivalents equivalent NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 57 40 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 58 1 The the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 58 2 immense immense JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 58 3 involvement involvement NN cord-299731-sis9952k 58 4 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 58 5 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 58 6 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 59 1 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 59 2 all all PDT cord-299731-sis9952k 59 3 these these DT cord-299731-sis9952k 59 4 processes process NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 59 5 suggests suggest VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 59 6 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 59 7 significant significant JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 59 8 potential potential NN cord-299731-sis9952k 59 9 for for IN cord-299731-sis9952k 59 10 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 59 11 treatment treatment NN cord-299731-sis9952k 59 12 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 59 13 various various JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 59 14 pathophysiological pathophysiological JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 59 15 conditions condition NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 59 16 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 59 17 supplementation supplementation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 59 18 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 59 19 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 59 20 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 59 21 precursors precursor NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 59 22 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 60 1 However however RB cord-299731-sis9952k 60 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 60 3 multiple multiple JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 60 4 options option NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 60 5 exist exist VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 60 6 for for IN cord-299731-sis9952k 60 7 supplementation supplementation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 60 8 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 60 9 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 60 10 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 60 11 optimal optimal JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 60 12 precursor precursor NN cord-299731-sis9952k 60 13 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 60 14 dosage dosage NN cord-299731-sis9952k 60 15 are be VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 60 16 still still RB cord-299731-sis9952k 60 17 unclear unclear JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 60 18 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 60 19 regard regard NN cord-299731-sis9952k 60 20 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 60 21 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 60 22 specific specific JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 60 23 condition condition NN cord-299731-sis9952k 60 24 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 61 1 For for IN cord-299731-sis9952k 61 2 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 61 3 baseline baseline JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 61 4 requirements requirement NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 61 5 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 61 6 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 61 7 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 61 8 synthesis synthesis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 61 9 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 61 10 dietary dietary JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 61 11 tryptophan tryptophan NN cord-299731-sis9952k 61 12 or or CC cord-299731-sis9952k 61 13 less less JJR cord-299731-sis9952k 61 14 than than IN cord-299731-sis9952k 61 15 20 20 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 61 16 mg mg NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 61 17 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 61 18 niacin niacin NN cord-299731-sis9952k 61 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 61 20 NA NA NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 61 21 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 61 22 NAM NAM NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 61 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 61 24 daily daily RB cord-299731-sis9952k 61 25 are be VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 61 26 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 61 27 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 62 1 However however RB cord-299731-sis9952k 62 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 62 3 growing grow VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 62 4 evidence evidence NN cord-299731-sis9952k 62 5 demonstrates demonstrate VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 62 6 that that IN cord-299731-sis9952k 62 7 substantially substantially RB cord-299731-sis9952k 62 8 greater great JJR cord-299731-sis9952k 62 9 rates rate NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 62 10 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 62 11 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 62 12 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 62 13 synthesis synthesis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 62 14 exhibit exhibit VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 62 15 numerous numerous JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 62 16 beneficial beneficial JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 62 17 or or CC cord-299731-sis9952k 62 18 even even RB cord-299731-sis9952k 62 19 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 62 20 effects effect NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 62 21 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 62 22 which which WDT cord-299731-sis9952k 62 23 can can MD cord-299731-sis9952k 62 24 be be VB cord-299731-sis9952k 62 25 achieved achieve VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 62 26 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 62 27 supplementation supplementation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 62 28 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 62 29 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-299731-sis9952k 62 30 intermediates intermediate NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 62 31 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 63 1 These these DT cord-299731-sis9952k 63 2 intermediates intermediate NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 63 3 are be VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 63 4 found find VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 63 5 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 63 6 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 63 7 wide wide JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 63 8 variety variety NN cord-299731-sis9952k 63 9 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 63 10 foods food NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 63 11 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 63 12 including include VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 63 13 meat meat NN cord-299731-sis9952k 63 14 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 63 15 eggs egg NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 63 16 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 63 17 dairy dairy NN cord-299731-sis9952k 63 18 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 63 19 certain certain JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 63 20 vegetables vegetable NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 63 21 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 63 22 whole whole JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 63 23 wheat wheat NN cord-299731-sis9952k 63 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 63 25 35 35 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 63 26 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 63 27 36 36 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 63 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 63 29 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 64 1 Specifically specifically RB cord-299731-sis9952k 64 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 64 3 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 64 4 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 64 5 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 64 6 third third JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 64 7 discovered discover VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 64 8 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 64 9 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 64 10 precursor precursor NN cord-299731-sis9952k 64 11 that that WDT cord-299731-sis9952k 64 12 naturally naturally RB cord-299731-sis9952k 64 13 occurs occur VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 64 14 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 64 15 milk milk NN cord-299731-sis9952k 64 16 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 64 17 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 64 18 already already RB cord-299731-sis9952k 64 19 available available JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 64 20 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 64 21 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 64 22 nutraceutical nutraceutical NN cord-299731-sis9952k 64 23 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 65 1 Oral oral JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 65 2 supplementation supplementation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 65 3 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 65 4 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 65 5 has have VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 65 6 been be VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 65 7 shown show VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 65 8 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 65 9 increase increase VB cord-299731-sis9952k 65 10 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 66 1 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 66 2 levels level NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 66 3 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 66 4 multiple multiple JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 66 5 tissues tissue NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 66 6 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 66 7 along along IN cord-299731-sis9952k 66 8 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 66 9 increased increase VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 66 10 SIRT SIRT NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 66 11 activity activity NN cord-299731-sis9952k 66 12 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 66 13 10 10 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 66 14 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 66 15 11 11 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 66 16 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 66 17 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 66 18 improved improve VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 66 19 mitochondrial mitochondrial NN cord-299731-sis9952k 66 20 function function NN cord-299731-sis9952k 66 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 66 22 37 37 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 66 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 66 24 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 66 25 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 66 26 regenerative regenerative JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 66 27 potential potential NN cord-299731-sis9952k 66 28 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 66 29 stem stem NN cord-299731-sis9952k 66 30 cells cell NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 66 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 66 32 38 38 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 66 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 66 34 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 67 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-299731-sis9952k 67 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 67 3 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 67 4 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 67 5 currently currently RB cord-299731-sis9952k 67 6 regarded regard VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 67 7 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 67 8 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 67 9 favorable favorable JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 67 10 precursor precursor NN cord-299731-sis9952k 67 11 since since IN cord-299731-sis9952k 67 12 it -PRON- PRP cord-299731-sis9952k 67 13 has have VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 67 14 not not RB cord-299731-sis9952k 67 15 been be VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 67 16 implicated implicate VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 67 17 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 67 18 have have VB cord-299731-sis9952k 67 19 serious serious JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 67 20 side side NN cord-299731-sis9952k 67 21 effects effect NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 67 22 or or CC cord-299731-sis9952k 67 23 flushing flush VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 67 24 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 67 25 opposed oppose VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 67 26 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 67 27 other other JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 67 28 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 67 29 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 67 30 precursors precursor NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 67 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 67 32 14 14 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 67 33 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 67 34 39 39 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 67 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 67 36 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 68 1 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 68 2 chloride chloride NN cord-299731-sis9952k 68 3 has have VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 68 4 been be VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 68 5 given give VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 68 6 GRAS gras NN cord-299731-sis9952k 68 7 status status NN cord-299731-sis9952k 68 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 68 9 generally generally RB cord-299731-sis9952k 68 10 regarded regard VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 68 11 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 68 12 safe safe JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 68 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 68 14 which which WDT cord-299731-sis9952k 68 15 further further RB cord-299731-sis9952k 68 16 supports support VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 68 17 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-299731-sis9952k 68 18 rapid rapid JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 68 19 implementation implementation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 68 20 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 68 21 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 68 22 drug drug NN cord-299731-sis9952k 68 23 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 68 24 like like JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 68 25 therapy therapy NN cord-299731-sis9952k 68 26 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 69 1 However however RB cord-299731-sis9952k 69 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 69 3 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 69 4 adapt adapt VB cord-299731-sis9952k 69 5 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 69 6 technologies technology NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 69 7 for for IN cord-299731-sis9952k 69 8 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 69 9 use use NN cord-299731-sis9952k 69 10 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 69 11 it -PRON- PRP cord-299731-sis9952k 69 12 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 69 13 necessary necessary JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 69 14 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 69 15 determine determine VB cord-299731-sis9952k 69 16 oral oral JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 69 17 availability availability NN cord-299731-sis9952k 69 18 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 69 19 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 69 20 dosage dosage NN cord-299731-sis9952k 69 21 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 69 22 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 69 23 utilization utilization NN cord-299731-sis9952k 69 24 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 69 25 different different JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 69 26 tissues tissue NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 69 27 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 70 1 Human human JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 70 2 digestion digestion NN cord-299731-sis9952k 70 3 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 70 4 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 70 5 microbiome microbiome NN cord-299731-sis9952k 70 6 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 70 7 40 40 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 70 8 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 70 9 additionally additionally RB cord-299731-sis9952k 70 10 play play VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 70 11 important important JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 70 12 roles role NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 70 13 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 70 14 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 70 15 metabolism metabolism NN cord-299731-sis9952k 70 16 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 70 17 which which WDT cord-299731-sis9952k 70 18 has have VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 70 19 yet yet RB cord-299731-sis9952k 70 20 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 70 21 be be VB cord-299731-sis9952k 70 22 characterized characterize VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 70 23 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 70 24 detail detail NN cord-299731-sis9952k 70 25 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 71 1 In in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 71 2 this this DT cord-299731-sis9952k 71 3 regard regard NN cord-299731-sis9952k 71 4 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 71 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-299731-sis9952k 71 6 have have VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 71 7 summarized summarize VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 71 8 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 71 9 available available JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 71 10 data datum NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 71 11 from from IN cord-299731-sis9952k 71 12 human human JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 71 13 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 71 14 animal animal NN cord-299731-sis9952k 71 15 studies study NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 71 16 on on IN cord-299731-sis9952k 71 17 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 71 18 effects effect NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 71 19 on on IN cord-299731-sis9952k 71 20 metabolic metabolic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 71 21 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 71 22 neurodegenerative neurodegenerative JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 71 23 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 71 24 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 71 25 cardiovascular cardiovascular JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 71 26 disorders disorder NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 71 27 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 71 28 along along IN cord-299731-sis9952k 71 29 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 71 30 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 71 31 advantages advantage NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 71 32 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 71 33 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 71 34 over over IN cord-299731-sis9952k 71 35 other other JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 71 36 available available JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 71 37 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 71 38 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 71 39 precursors precursor NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 71 40 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 72 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-299731-sis9952k 72 2 also also RB cord-299731-sis9952k 72 3 considered consider VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 72 4 immunomodulatory immunomodulatory JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 72 5 effects effect NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 72 6 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 72 7 this this DT cord-299731-sis9952k 72 8 review review NN cord-299731-sis9952k 72 9 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 72 10 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 72 11 recent recent JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 72 12 data data NN cord-299731-sis9952k 72 13 indicates indicate VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 72 14 that that IN cord-299731-sis9952k 72 15 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 72 16 can can MD cord-299731-sis9952k 72 17 support support VB cord-299731-sis9952k 72 18 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 72 19 treatment treatment NN cord-299731-sis9952k 72 20 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 72 21 infections infection NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 72 22 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 72 23 including include VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 72 24 those those DT cord-299731-sis9952k 72 25 caused cause VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 72 26 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 72 27 SARS SARS NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 72 28 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 72 29 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 72 30 that that WDT cord-299731-sis9952k 72 31 has have VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 72 32 resulted result VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 72 33 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 72 34 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 72 35 recent recent JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 72 36 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 72 37 pandemic pandemic NN cord-299731-sis9952k 72 38 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 73 1 The the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 73 2 current current JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 73 3 state state NN cord-299731-sis9952k 73 4 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 73 5 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 73 6 research research NN cord-299731-sis9952k 73 7 including include VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 73 8 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-299731-sis9952k 73 9 bioavailability bioavailability NN cord-299731-sis9952k 73 10 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 73 11 safety safety NN cord-299731-sis9952k 73 12 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 73 13 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 73 14 effects effect NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 73 15 on on IN cord-299731-sis9952k 73 16 oxidative oxidative JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 73 17 stress stress NN cord-299731-sis9952k 73 18 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 73 19 longevity longevity NN cord-299731-sis9952k 73 20 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 73 21 described describe VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 73 22 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 73 23 this this DT cord-299731-sis9952k 73 24 paper paper NN cord-299731-sis9952k 73 25 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 74 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-299731-sis9952k 74 2 searched search VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 74 3 mostly mostly RB cord-299731-sis9952k 74 4 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 74 5 PubMed PubMed NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 74 6 database database NN cord-299731-sis9952k 74 7 for for IN cord-299731-sis9952k 74 8 papers paper NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 74 9 published publish VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 74 10 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 74 11 open open JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 74 12 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 74 13 access access NN cord-299731-sis9952k 74 14 peer peer NN cord-299731-sis9952k 74 15 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 74 16 reviewed review VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 74 17 journals journal NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 74 18 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 75 1 In in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 75 2 addition addition NN cord-299731-sis9952k 75 3 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 75 4 we -PRON- PRP cord-299731-sis9952k 75 5 used use VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 75 6 available available JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 75 7 abstracts abstract NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 75 8 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 75 9 papers paper NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 75 10 or or CC cord-299731-sis9952k 75 11 entire entire JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 75 12 articles article NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 75 13 on on IN cord-299731-sis9952k 75 14 ResearchGate ResearchGate NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 75 15 without without IN cord-299731-sis9952k 75 16 open open JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 75 17 access access NN cord-299731-sis9952k 75 18 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 76 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-299731-sis9952k 76 2 used use VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 76 3 publication publication NN cord-299731-sis9952k 76 4 date date NN cord-299731-sis9952k 76 5 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 76 6 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 76 7 priority priority NN cord-299731-sis9952k 76 8 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 76 9 select select VB cord-299731-sis9952k 76 10 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 76 11 papers paper NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 76 12 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 76 13 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 76 14 most most JJS cord-299731-sis9952k 76 15 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 76 16 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 76 17 reviewed review VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 76 18 papers paper NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 76 19 have have VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 76 20 been be VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 76 21 published publish VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 76 22 within within IN cord-299731-sis9952k 76 23 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 76 24 last last JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 76 25 10 10 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 76 26 - - SYM cord-299731-sis9952k 76 27 15 15 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 76 28 years year NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 76 29 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 77 1 Older old JJR cord-299731-sis9952k 77 2 papers paper NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 77 3 were be VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 77 4 considered consider VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 77 5 more more JJR cord-299731-sis9952k 77 6 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 77 7 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 77 8 source source NN cord-299731-sis9952k 77 9 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 77 10 fundamental fundamental JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 77 11 discoveries discovery NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 77 12 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 78 1 Additional additional JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 78 2 databases database NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 78 3 were be VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 78 4 also also RB cord-299731-sis9952k 78 5 searched search VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 78 6 via via IN cord-299731-sis9952k 78 7 Google Google NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 78 8 using use VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 78 9 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 78 10 following follow VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 78 11 keywords keyword NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 78 12 : : : cord-299731-sis9952k 78 13 nicotinamide nicotinamide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 78 14 riboside riboside NN cord-299731-sis9952k 78 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 78 16 NR nr NN cord-299731-sis9952k 78 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 78 18 bioavailability bioavailability NN cord-299731-sis9952k 78 19 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 78 20 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 78 21 safety safety NN cord-299731-sis9952k 78 22 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 78 23 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 78 24 supplementation supplementation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 78 25 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 78 26 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 78 27 effects effect NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 78 28 on on IN cord-299731-sis9952k 78 29 metabolism metabolism NN cord-299731-sis9952k 78 30 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 78 31 insulin insulin NN cord-299731-sis9952k 78 32 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 78 33 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 78 34 effects effect NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 78 35 on on IN cord-299731-sis9952k 78 36 neurodegenerative neurodegenerative JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 78 37 disorders disorder NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 78 38 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 78 39 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 78 40 effects effect NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 78 41 on on IN cord-299731-sis9952k 78 42 longevity longevity NN cord-299731-sis9952k 78 43 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 78 44 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 78 45 effects effect NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 78 46 on on IN cord-299731-sis9952k 78 47 liver liver NN cord-299731-sis9952k 78 48 health health NN cord-299731-sis9952k 78 49 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 78 50 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 78 51 similar similar JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 78 52 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 79 1 Along along IN cord-299731-sis9952k 79 2 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 79 3 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-299731-sis9952k 79 4 intermediates intermediate NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 79 5 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 79 6 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 80 1 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 80 2 plays play VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 80 3 an an DT cord-299731-sis9952k 80 4 essential essential JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 80 5 role role NN cord-299731-sis9952k 80 6 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 80 7 metabolism metabolism NN cord-299731-sis9952k 80 8 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 80 9 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 80 10 evidence evidence NN cord-299731-sis9952k 80 11 suggests suggest VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 80 12 that that IN cord-299731-sis9952k 80 13 an an DT cord-299731-sis9952k 80 14 increase increase NN cord-299731-sis9952k 80 15 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 80 16 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 80 17 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 80 18 levels level NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 80 19 can can MD cord-299731-sis9952k 80 20 exhibit exhibit VB cord-299731-sis9952k 80 21 ameliorating ameliorate VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 80 22 effects effect NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 80 23 on on IN cord-299731-sis9952k 80 24 metabolic metabolic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 80 25 disorders disorder NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 80 26 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 80 27 such such JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 80 28 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 80 29 type type NN cord-299731-sis9952k 80 30 2 2 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 80 31 diabetes diabetes NN cord-299731-sis9952k 80 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 80 33 T2D t2d CD cord-299731-sis9952k 80 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 80 35 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 80 36 metabolic metabolic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 80 37 syndrome syndrome NN cord-299731-sis9952k 80 38 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 80 39 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 80 40 nonalcoholic nonalcoholic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 80 41 fatty fatty JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 80 42 liver liver NN cord-299731-sis9952k 80 43 disease disease NN cord-299731-sis9952k 80 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 80 45 NAFLD NAFLD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 80 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 80 47 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 80 48 14 14 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 80 49 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 80 50 41 41 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 80 51 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 80 52 42 42 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 80 53 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 80 54 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 81 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-299731-sis9952k 81 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 81 3 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 81 4 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 81 5 one one CD cord-299731-sis9952k 81 6 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 81 7 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 81 8 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 81 9 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 81 10 intermediates intermediate NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 81 11 that that WDT cord-299731-sis9952k 81 12 also also RB cord-299731-sis9952k 81 13 serves serve VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 81 14 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 81 15 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 81 16 precursor precursor NN cord-299731-sis9952k 81 17 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 81 18 NADH NADH NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 81 19 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 81 20 as as RB cord-299731-sis9952k 81 21 well well RB cord-299731-sis9952k 81 22 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 81 23 hepatic hepatic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 81 24 NADP NADP NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 82 1 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 83 1 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 83 2 NADPH NADPH NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 83 3 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 83 4 14 14 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 83 5 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 83 6 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 84 1 Since since IN cord-299731-sis9952k 84 2 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 84 3 hepatic hepatic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 84 4 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 84 5 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 84 6 metabolome metabolome NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 84 7 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 84 8 regarded regard VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 84 9 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 84 10 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 84 11 function function NN cord-299731-sis9952k 84 12 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 84 13 prediabetic prediabetic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 84 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 84 15 PD PD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 84 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 84 17 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 84 18 T2D t2d DT cord-299731-sis9952k 84 19 mouse mouse NN cord-299731-sis9952k 84 20 models model NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 84 21 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 84 22 NADP NADP NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 84 23 + + SYM cord-299731-sis9952k 84 24 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 84 25 NADPH NADPH NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 84 26 can can MD cord-299731-sis9952k 84 27 be be VB cord-299731-sis9952k 84 28 used use VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 84 29 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 84 30 assess assess VB cord-299731-sis9952k 84 31 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 84 32 progression progression NN cord-299731-sis9952k 84 33 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 84 34 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 84 35 disease disease NN cord-299731-sis9952k 84 36 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 85 1 Namely namely RB cord-299731-sis9952k 85 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 85 3 both both CC cord-299731-sis9952k 85 4 NADP NADP NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 85 5 + + SYM cord-299731-sis9952k 85 6 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 85 7 NADPH NADPH NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 85 8 are be VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 85 9 important important JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 85 10 for for IN cord-299731-sis9952k 85 11 resistance resistance NN cord-299731-sis9952k 85 12 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 85 13 oxidative oxidative JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 85 14 stress stress NN cord-299731-sis9952k 85 15 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 85 16 while while IN cord-299731-sis9952k 85 17 NADPH NADPH NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 85 18 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 85 19 thought think VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 85 20 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 85 21 be be VB cord-299731-sis9952k 85 22 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 85 23 major major JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 85 24 contributor contributor NN cord-299731-sis9952k 85 25 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 85 26 insulin insulin NN cord-299731-sis9952k 85 27 resistance resistance NN cord-299731-sis9952k 85 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 85 29 42 42 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 85 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 85 31 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 86 1 The the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 86 2 significantly significantly RB cord-299731-sis9952k 86 3 decreased decrease VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 86 4 levels level NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 86 5 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 86 6 hepatic hepatic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 86 7 NADP NADP NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 86 8 + + SYM cord-299731-sis9952k 86 9 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 86 10 NADPH NADPH NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 86 11 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 86 12 PD PD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 86 13 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 86 14 T2D t2d CD cord-299731-sis9952k 86 15 mice mouse NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 86 16 are be VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 86 17 restored restore VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 86 18 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 86 19 supplementation supplementation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 86 20 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 86 21 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 86 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 86 23 41 41 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 86 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 86 25 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 87 1 In in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 87 2 mice mouse NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 87 3 models model NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 87 4 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 87 5 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 87 6 can can MD cord-299731-sis9952k 87 7 increase increase VB cord-299731-sis9952k 87 8 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 87 9 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 87 10 metabolism metabolism NN cord-299731-sis9952k 87 11 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 87 12 thereby thereby RB cord-299731-sis9952k 87 13 improve improve VB cord-299731-sis9952k 87 14 glucose glucose NN cord-299731-sis9952k 87 15 tolerance tolerance NN cord-299731-sis9952k 87 16 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 87 17 reduce reduce VB cord-299731-sis9952k 87 18 weight weight NN cord-299731-sis9952k 87 19 gain gain NN cord-299731-sis9952k 87 20 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 87 21 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 87 22 exhibit exhibit VB cord-299731-sis9952k 87 23 neuroprotective neuroprotective JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 87 24 effects effect NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 87 25 against against IN cord-299731-sis9952k 87 26 diabetic diabetic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 87 27 neuropathy neuropathy NN cord-299731-sis9952k 87 28 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 87 29 liver liver NN cord-299731-sis9952k 87 30 steatosis steatosis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 87 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 87 32 41 41 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 87 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 87 34 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 88 1 Similarly similarly RB cord-299731-sis9952k 88 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 88 3 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 88 4 mice mice NN cord-299731-sis9952k 88 5 models model NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 88 6 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 88 7 high high JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 88 8 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 88 9 fat fat NN cord-299731-sis9952k 88 10 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 88 11 induced induce VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 88 12 obesity obesity NN cord-299731-sis9952k 88 13 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 88 14 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 88 15 dose dose NN cord-299731-sis9952k 88 16 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 88 17 dietary dietary JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 88 18 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 88 19 as as RB cord-299731-sis9952k 88 20 small small JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 88 21 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 88 22 400 400 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 88 23 mg mg NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 88 24 / / SYM cord-299731-sis9952k 88 25 kg kg NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 88 26 / / SYM cord-299731-sis9952k 88 27 day day NN cord-299731-sis9952k 88 28 was be VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 88 29 shown show VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 88 30 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 88 31 improve improve VB cord-299731-sis9952k 88 32 insulin insulin NN cord-299731-sis9952k 88 33 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-299731-sis9952k 88 34 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 88 35 protect protect VB cord-299731-sis9952k 88 36 mice mouse NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 88 37 from from IN cord-299731-sis9952k 88 38 weight weight NN cord-299731-sis9952k 88 39 gain gain NN cord-299731-sis9952k 88 40 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 88 41 37 37 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 88 42 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 88 43 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 89 1 However however RB cord-299731-sis9952k 89 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 89 3 these these DT cord-299731-sis9952k 89 4 results result NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 89 5 have have VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 89 6 not not RB cord-299731-sis9952k 89 7 yet yet RB cord-299731-sis9952k 89 8 been be VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 89 9 replicated replicate VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 89 10 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 89 11 humans human NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 89 12 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 89 13 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 89 14 12-week 12-week JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 89 15 supplementation supplementation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 89 16 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 89 17 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 89 18 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 89 19 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 89 20 dose dose NN cord-299731-sis9952k 89 21 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 89 22 2000 2000 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 89 23 mg mg NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 89 24 / / SYM cord-299731-sis9952k 89 25 day day NN cord-299731-sis9952k 89 26 was be VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 89 27 not not RB cord-299731-sis9952k 89 28 able able JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 89 29 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 89 30 improve improve VB cord-299731-sis9952k 89 31 insulin insulin NN cord-299731-sis9952k 89 32 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-299731-sis9952k 89 33 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 89 34 other other JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 89 35 metabolic metabolic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 89 36 parameters parameter NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 89 37 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 89 38 insulin insulin NN cord-299731-sis9952k 89 39 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 89 40 resistant resistant JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 89 41 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 89 42 obese obese JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 89 43 men man NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 89 44 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 89 45 43 43 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 89 46 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 89 47 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 90 1 Additional additional JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 90 2 research research NN cord-299731-sis9952k 90 3 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 90 4 required require VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 90 5 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 90 6 determine determine VB cord-299731-sis9952k 90 7 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 90 8 long long JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 90 9 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 90 10 term term NN cord-299731-sis9952k 90 11 effects effect NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 90 12 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 90 13 NR nr NN cord-299731-sis9952k 90 14 on on IN cord-299731-sis9952k 90 15 insulin insulin NN cord-299731-sis9952k 90 16 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-299731-sis9952k 90 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 90 18 43 43 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 90 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 90 20 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 91 1 On on IN cord-299731-sis9952k 91 2 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 91 3 other other JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 91 4 hand hand NN cord-299731-sis9952k 91 5 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 91 6 there there EX cord-299731-sis9952k 91 7 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 91 8 evidence evidence NN cord-299731-sis9952k 91 9 that that IN cord-299731-sis9952k 91 10 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 91 11 administration administration NN cord-299731-sis9952k 91 12 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 91 13 mice mouse NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 91 14 models model NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 91 15 increases increase VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 91 16 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 91 17 activity activity NN cord-299731-sis9952k 91 18 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 91 19 SIRT1 sirt1 NN cord-299731-sis9952k 91 20 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 91 21 an an DT cord-299731-sis9952k 91 22 important important JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 91 23 factor factor NN cord-299731-sis9952k 91 24 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 91 25 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 91 26 prevention prevention NN cord-299731-sis9952k 91 27 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 91 28 T2D t2d CD cord-299731-sis9952k 91 29 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 91 30 preservation preservation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 91 31 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 91 32 insulin insulin NN cord-299731-sis9952k 91 33 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-299731-sis9952k 91 34 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 91 35 37 37 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 91 36 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 91 37 44 44 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 91 38 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 91 39 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 92 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-299731-sis9952k 92 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 92 3 SIRT1 SIRT1 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 92 4 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 92 5 effects effect NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 92 6 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 92 7 oxidative oxidative JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 92 8 stress stress NN cord-299731-sis9952k 92 9 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 92 10 T2D t2d CD cord-299731-sis9952k 92 11 mice mouse NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 92 12 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 92 13 45 45 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 92 14 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 92 15 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 92 16 promotes promote VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 92 17 glucose glucose NN cord-299731-sis9952k 92 18 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 92 19 stimulated stimulate VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 92 20 insulin insulin NN cord-299731-sis9952k 92 21 secretion secretion NN cord-299731-sis9952k 92 22 from from IN cord-299731-sis9952k 92 23 pancreatic pancreatic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 92 24 β β NN cord-299731-sis9952k 92 25 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 92 26 cells cell NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 92 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 92 28 46 46 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 92 29 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 92 30 47 47 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 92 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 92 32 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 92 33 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 92 34 protects protect VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 92 35 against against IN cord-299731-sis9952k 92 36 insulin insulin NN cord-299731-sis9952k 92 37 resistance resistance NN cord-299731-sis9952k 92 38 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 92 39 peripheral peripheral JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 92 40 tissues tissue NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 92 41 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 92 42 48 48 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 92 43 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 92 44 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 92 45 whilst whilst IN cord-299731-sis9952k 92 46 SIRT1 SIRT1 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 92 47 overexpression overexpression NN cord-299731-sis9952k 92 48 promotes promote VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 92 49 fatty fatty JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 92 50 acid acid NN cord-299731-sis9952k 92 51 oxidation oxidation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 92 52 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 92 53 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 92 54 lipogenesis lipogenesi NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 92 55 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 92 56 protecting protect VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 92 57 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 92 58 liver liver NN cord-299731-sis9952k 92 59 from from IN cord-299731-sis9952k 92 60 steatosis steatosis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 92 61 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 93 1 In in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 93 2 addition addition NN cord-299731-sis9952k 93 3 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 93 4 sirtuins sirtuin NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 93 5 are be VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 93 6 downregulated downregulate VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 93 7 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 93 8 NAFLD NAFLD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 93 9 patients patient NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 93 10 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 93 11 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 93 12 state state NN cord-299731-sis9952k 93 13 characterized characterize VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 93 14 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 93 15 liver liver NN cord-299731-sis9952k 93 16 steatosis steatosis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 93 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 93 18 49 49 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 93 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 93 20 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 94 1 NAFLD NAFLD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 94 2 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 94 3 widely widely RB cord-299731-sis9952k 94 4 considered consider VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 94 5 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 94 6 hepatic hepatic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 94 7 manifestation manifestation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 94 8 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 94 9 metabolic metabolic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 94 10 syndrome syndrome NN cord-299731-sis9952k 94 11 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 94 12 it -PRON- PRP cord-299731-sis9952k 94 13 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 94 14 found find VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 94 15 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 94 16 be be VB cord-299731-sis9952k 94 17 associated associate VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 94 18 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 94 19 T2D t2d CD cord-299731-sis9952k 94 20 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 94 21 obesity obesity NN cord-299731-sis9952k 94 22 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 94 23 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 94 24 insulin insulin NN cord-299731-sis9952k 94 25 resistance resistance NN cord-299731-sis9952k 94 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 94 27 50 50 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 94 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 94 29 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 95 1 Via via IN cord-299731-sis9952k 95 2 activation activation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 95 3 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 95 4 SIRT1 sirt1 NN cord-299731-sis9952k 95 5 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 95 6 additional additional JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 95 7 factors factor NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 95 8 associated associate VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 95 9 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 95 10 cholesterol cholesterol NN cord-299731-sis9952k 95 11 homeostasis homeostasis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 95 12 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 95 13 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 95 14 could could MD cord-299731-sis9952k 95 15 potentially potentially RB cord-299731-sis9952k 95 16 reduce reduce VB cord-299731-sis9952k 95 17 cholesterol cholesterol NN cord-299731-sis9952k 95 18 levels level NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 95 19 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 95 20 improve improve VB cord-299731-sis9952k 95 21 liver liver NN cord-299731-sis9952k 95 22 health health NN cord-299731-sis9952k 95 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 95 24 51 51 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 95 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 96 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 96 2 52 52 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 96 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 97 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 97 2 53 53 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 97 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 97 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 97 5 54 54 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 97 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 97 7 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 98 1 Fat fat JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 98 2 accumulation accumulation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 98 3 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 98 4 also also RB cord-299731-sis9952k 98 5 potentially potentially RB cord-299731-sis9952k 98 6 reduced reduce VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 98 7 through through IN cord-299731-sis9952k 98 8 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 98 9 mechanism mechanism NN cord-299731-sis9952k 98 10 that that WDT cord-299731-sis9952k 98 11 involves involve VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 98 12 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 98 13 induction induction NN cord-299731-sis9952k 98 14 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 98 15 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 98 16 mitochondrial mitochondrial NN cord-299731-sis9952k 98 17 unfolded unfold VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 98 18 protein protein NN cord-299731-sis9952k 98 19 response response NN cord-299731-sis9952k 98 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 98 21 44 44 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 98 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 98 23 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 99 1 In in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 99 2 regenerating regenerate VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 99 3 liver liver NN cord-299731-sis9952k 99 4 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 99 5 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 99 6 reduces reduce VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 99 7 lipid lipid NN cord-299731-sis9952k 99 8 accumulation accumulation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 99 9 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 99 10 promotes promote VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 99 11 hepatocyte hepatocyte NN cord-299731-sis9952k 99 12 replication replication NN cord-299731-sis9952k 99 13 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 99 14 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 99 15 increases increase VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 99 16 hepatic hepatic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 99 17 ATP ATP NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 99 18 content content NN cord-299731-sis9952k 99 19 leading lead VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 99 20 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 99 21 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 99 22 faster fast JJR cord-299731-sis9952k 99 23 regaining regaining NN cord-299731-sis9952k 99 24 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 99 25 liver liver NN cord-299731-sis9952k 99 26 weight weight NN cord-299731-sis9952k 99 27 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 99 28 mice mouse NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 99 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 99 30 55 55 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 99 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 99 32 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 100 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-299731-sis9952k 100 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 100 3 dietary dietary JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 100 4 supplementation supplementation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 100 5 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 100 6 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 100 7 was be VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 100 8 able able JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 100 9 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 100 10 restore restore VB cord-299731-sis9952k 100 11 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 101 1 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 101 2 levels level NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 101 3 caused cause VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 101 4 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 101 5 impaired impaired JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 101 6 biosynthesis biosynthesis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 101 7 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 101 8 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 101 9 mouse mouse NN cord-299731-sis9952k 101 10 model model NN cord-299731-sis9952k 101 11 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 101 12 hepatocellular hepatocellular JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 101 13 carcinoma carcinoma NN cord-299731-sis9952k 101 14 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 101 15 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 101 16 thereby thereby RB cord-299731-sis9952k 101 17 prevent prevent VB cord-299731-sis9952k 101 18 both both CC cord-299731-sis9952k 101 19 DNA dna NN cord-299731-sis9952k 101 20 damage damage NN cord-299731-sis9952k 101 21 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 101 22 tumorigenesis tumorigenesis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 101 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 101 24 56 56 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 101 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 101 26 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 102 1 Altogether altogether RB cord-299731-sis9952k 102 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 102 3 there there EX cord-299731-sis9952k 102 4 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 102 5 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 102 6 evidence evidence NN cord-299731-sis9952k 102 7 indicating indicate VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 102 8 that that IN cord-299731-sis9952k 102 9 increasing increase VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 102 10 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 102 11 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 102 12 content content NN cord-299731-sis9952k 102 13 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 102 14 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 102 15 supplementation supplementation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 102 16 can can MD cord-299731-sis9952k 102 17 be be VB cord-299731-sis9952k 102 18 considered consider VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 102 19 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 102 20 promising promising JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 102 21 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 102 22 strategy strategy NN cord-299731-sis9952k 102 23 for for IN cord-299731-sis9952k 102 24 metabolic metabolic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 102 25 dysfunctions dysfunction NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 102 26 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 102 27 including include VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 102 28 T2D t2d CD cord-299731-sis9952k 102 29 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 102 30 NAFLD NAFLD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 102 31 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 103 1 Disruption disruption NN cord-299731-sis9952k 103 2 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 103 3 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 103 4 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 103 5 homeostasis homeostasis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 103 6 due due IN cord-299731-sis9952k 103 7 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 103 8 mitochondrial mitochondrial JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 103 9 dysfunction dysfunction NN cord-299731-sis9952k 103 10 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 103 11 central central JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 103 12 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 103 13 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 103 14 development development NN cord-299731-sis9952k 103 15 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 103 16 cardiac cardiac JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 103 17 hypertrophy hypertrophy NN cord-299731-sis9952k 103 18 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 103 19 heart heart NN cord-299731-sis9952k 103 20 failure failure NN cord-299731-sis9952k 103 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 103 22 HF HF NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 103 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 103 24 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 103 25 has have VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 103 26 been be VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 103 27 reported report VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 103 28 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 103 29 several several JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 103 30 models model NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 103 31 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 103 32 HF HF NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 103 33 including include VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 103 34 pressure pressure NN cord-299731-sis9952k 103 35 overload overload NN cord-299731-sis9952k 103 36 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 103 37 myocardial myocardial JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 103 38 infarction infarction NN cord-299731-sis9952k 103 39 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 103 40 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 103 41 angiotensin angiotensin NN cord-299731-sis9952k 103 42 II ii CD cord-299731-sis9952k 103 43 infusion infusion NN cord-299731-sis9952k 103 44 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 103 45 57 57 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 103 46 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 104 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 104 2 58 58 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 104 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 105 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 105 2 59 59 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 105 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 105 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 105 5 60 60 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 105 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 105 7 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 105 8 61 61 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 105 9 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 105 10 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 105 11 62 62 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 105 12 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 105 13 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 106 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-299731-sis9952k 106 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 106 3 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 106 4 shift shift NN cord-299731-sis9952k 106 5 from from IN cord-299731-sis9952k 106 6 fatty fatty JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 106 7 acid acid NN cord-299731-sis9952k 106 8 oxidation oxidation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 106 9 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 106 10 oxidative oxidative JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 106 11 phosphorylation phosphorylation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 106 12 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 106 13 other other JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 106 14 forms form NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 106 15 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 106 16 substrate substrate NN cord-299731-sis9952k 106 17 metabolism metabolism NN cord-299731-sis9952k 106 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 106 19 glycolysis glycolysis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 106 20 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 106 21 ketone ketone NN cord-299731-sis9952k 106 22 oxidation oxidation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 106 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 106 24 often often RB cord-299731-sis9952k 106 25 occurs occur VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 106 26 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 106 27 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 106 28 development development NN cord-299731-sis9952k 106 29 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 106 30 HF HF NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 106 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 106 32 63 63 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 106 33 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 106 34 64 64 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 106 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 106 36 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 106 37 while while IN cord-299731-sis9952k 106 38 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 106 39 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 106 40 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 106 41 /NADH /nadh SYM cord-299731-sis9952k 106 42 ratio ratio NN cord-299731-sis9952k 106 43 also also RB cord-299731-sis9952k 106 44 decreases decrease VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 106 45 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 106 46 64 64 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 106 47 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 106 48 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 107 1 The the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 107 2 change change NN cord-299731-sis9952k 107 3 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 107 4 oxidative oxidative JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 107 5 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 107 6 reductive reductive JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 107 7 capacity capacity NN cord-299731-sis9952k 107 8 further far RBR cord-299731-sis9952k 107 9 increases increase VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 107 10 cardiac cardiac JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 107 11 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-299731-sis9952k 107 12 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 107 13 stress stress VB cord-299731-sis9952k 107 14 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 108 1 The the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 108 2 level level NN cord-299731-sis9952k 108 3 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 108 4 protein protein NN cord-299731-sis9952k 108 5 hyperacetylation hyperacetylation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 108 6 also also RB cord-299731-sis9952k 108 7 increases increase VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 108 8 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 108 9 driven drive VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 108 10 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 108 11 decreasing decrease VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 108 12 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 108 13 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 109 1 -dependent -dependent JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 109 2 deacetylation deacetylation NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 109 3 both both CC cord-299731-sis9952k 109 4 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 109 5 mouse mouse NN cord-299731-sis9952k 109 6 models model NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 109 7 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 109 8 hypertrophy hypertrophy NN cord-299731-sis9952k 109 9 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 109 10 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 109 11 human human JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 109 12 patients patient NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 109 13 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 109 14 ischemic ischemic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 109 15 HF HF NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 109 16 or or CC cord-299731-sis9952k 109 17 dilated dilate VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 109 18 cardiomyopathy cardiomyopathy NN cord-299731-sis9952k 109 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 109 20 DCM DCM NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 109 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 109 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 109 23 64 64 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 109 24 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 109 25 65 65 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 109 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 109 27 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 110 1 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 110 2 supplementation supplementation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 110 3 normalizes normalize VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 110 4 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 110 5 myocardial myocardial JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 110 6 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 110 7 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 110 8 /NADH /NADH . cord-299731-sis9952k 111 1 ratio ratio NN cord-299731-sis9952k 111 2 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 111 3 exhibits exhibit VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 111 4 protective protective JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 111 5 effects effect NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 111 6 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 111 7 adverse adverse JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 111 8 cardiac cardiac JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 111 9 remodeling remodeling NN cord-299731-sis9952k 111 10 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 111 11 while while IN cord-299731-sis9952k 111 12 long long JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 111 13 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 111 14 term term NN cord-299731-sis9952k 111 15 supplementation supplementation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 111 16 increases increase VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 111 17 nucleocytoplasmic nucleocytoplasmic NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 111 18 protein protein NN cord-299731-sis9952k 111 19 acetylation acetylation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 111 20 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 111 21 stimulating stimulate VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 111 22 citrate citrate NN cord-299731-sis9952k 111 23 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 111 24 acetyl acetyl NN cord-299731-sis9952k 111 25 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 111 26 CoA coa NN cord-299731-sis9952k 111 27 metabolism metabolism NN cord-299731-sis9952k 111 28 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 111 29 antioxidant antioxidant JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 111 30 gene gene NN cord-299731-sis9952k 111 31 expression expression NN cord-299731-sis9952k 111 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 111 33 66 66 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 111 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 111 35 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 112 1 By by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 112 2 improving improve VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 112 3 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 112 4 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 112 5 homeostasis homeostasis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 112 6 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 112 7 activating activate VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 112 8 NMRK2 NMRK2 NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 112 9 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 112 10 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 112 11 can can MD cord-299731-sis9952k 112 12 further further RB cord-299731-sis9952k 112 13 prevent prevent VB cord-299731-sis9952k 112 14 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 112 15 deterioration deterioration NN cord-299731-sis9952k 112 16 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 112 17 cardiac cardiac JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 112 18 function function NN cord-299731-sis9952k 112 19 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 112 20 adverse adverse JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 112 21 remodeling remodeling NN cord-299731-sis9952k 112 22 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 112 23 which which WDT cord-299731-sis9952k 112 24 are be VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 112 25 both both DT cord-299731-sis9952k 112 26 early early JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 112 27 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 112 28 persistent persistent JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 112 29 events event NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 112 30 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 112 31 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 112 32 mouse mouse NN cord-299731-sis9952k 112 33 model model NN cord-299731-sis9952k 112 34 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 112 35 DCM DCM NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 112 36 leading lead VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 112 37 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 112 38 HF HF NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 112 39 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 113 1 In in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 113 2 several several JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 113 3 models model NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 113 4 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 113 5 cardiac cardiac JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 113 6 injuries injury NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 113 7 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 113 8 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 113 9 NAMPT NAMPT NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 113 10 enzyme enzyme NN cord-299731-sis9952k 113 11 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 113 12 repressed repress VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 113 13 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 113 14 62 62 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 113 15 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 113 16 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 113 17 while while IN cord-299731-sis9952k 113 18 Nmrk2 nmrk2 JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 113 19 expression expression NN cord-299731-sis9952k 113 20 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 113 21 robustly robustly RB cord-299731-sis9952k 113 22 upregulated upregulate VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 113 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 113 24 66 66 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 113 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 113 26 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 114 1 A a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 114 2 similar similar JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 114 3 shift shift NN cord-299731-sis9952k 114 4 was be VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 114 5 observed observe VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 114 6 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 114 7 human human JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 114 8 failing fail VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 114 9 heart heart NN cord-299731-sis9952k 114 10 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 114 11 models model NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 114 12 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 114 13 cardiomyopathy cardiomyopathy NN cord-299731-sis9952k 114 14 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 114 15 66 66 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 114 16 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 114 17 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 115 1 Hence hence RB cord-299731-sis9952k 115 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 115 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-299731-sis9952k 115 4 was be VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 115 5 proposed propose VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 115 6 that that IN cord-299731-sis9952k 115 7 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 115 8 activation activation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 115 9 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 115 10 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 115 11 NMRK2 NMRK2 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 115 12 pathway pathway NN cord-299731-sis9952k 115 13 represents represent VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 115 14 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 115 15 common common JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 115 16 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 115 17 mechanism mechanism NN cord-299731-sis9952k 115 18 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 115 19 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 115 20 failing fail VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 115 21 heart heart NN cord-299731-sis9952k 115 22 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 115 23 while while IN cord-299731-sis9952k 115 24 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 115 25 Nmrk2 nmrk2 JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 115 26 gene gene NN cord-299731-sis9952k 115 27 can can MD cord-299731-sis9952k 115 28 be be VB cord-299731-sis9952k 115 29 activated activate VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 115 30 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 115 31 response response NN cord-299731-sis9952k 115 32 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 115 33 NAMPT NAMPT NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 115 34 inhibition inhibition NN cord-299731-sis9952k 115 35 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 116 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-299731-sis9952k 116 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 116 3 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 116 4 shift shift NN cord-299731-sis9952k 116 5 from from IN cord-299731-sis9952k 116 6 NAMPT NAMPT NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 116 7 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 116 8 NMRK2 NMRK2 NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 116 9 for for IN cord-299731-sis9952k 116 10 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 116 11 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 116 12 synthesis synthesis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 116 13 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 116 14 an an DT cord-299731-sis9952k 116 15 energy energy NN cord-299731-sis9952k 116 16 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 116 17 sparing spare VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 116 18 mechanism mechanism NN cord-299731-sis9952k 116 19 that that WDT cord-299731-sis9952k 116 20 may may MD cord-299731-sis9952k 116 21 be be VB cord-299731-sis9952k 116 22 favored favor VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 116 23 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 116 24 since since IN cord-299731-sis9952k 116 25 NMN NMN NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 116 26 synthesis synthesis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 116 27 from from IN cord-299731-sis9952k 116 28 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 116 29 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 116 30 NMRK NMRK NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 116 31 enzymes enzyme NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 116 32 requires require VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 116 33 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 116 34 single single JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 116 35 ATP ATP NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 116 36 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 116 37 while while IN cord-299731-sis9952k 116 38 synthesis synthesis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 116 39 from from IN cord-299731-sis9952k 116 40 NAM NAM NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 116 41 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 116 42 NAMPT NAMPT NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 116 43 requires require VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 116 44 more more JJR cord-299731-sis9952k 116 45 than than IN cord-299731-sis9952k 116 46 three three CD cord-299731-sis9952k 116 47 ATP ATP NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 116 48 equivalents equivalent NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 116 49 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 116 50 Figure figure NN cord-299731-sis9952k 116 51 2 2 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 116 52 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 116 53 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 117 1 Although although IN cord-299731-sis9952k 117 2 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 117 3 NMRK2 NMRK2 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 117 4 pathway pathway NN cord-299731-sis9952k 117 5 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 117 6 activated activate VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 117 7 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 117 8 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 117 9 HF HF NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 117 10 mice mouse NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 117 11 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 117 12 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 117 13 myocardial myocardial JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 117 14 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 117 15 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 117 16 level level NN cord-299731-sis9952k 117 17 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 117 18 depressed depressed JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 117 19 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 117 20 which which WDT cord-299731-sis9952k 117 21 suggests suggest VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 117 22 that that IN cord-299731-sis9952k 117 23 circulating circulate VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 117 24 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 117 25 tissue tissue NN cord-299731-sis9952k 117 26 levels level NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 117 27 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 117 28 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 117 29 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 117 30 precursors precursor NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 117 31 are be VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 117 32 insufficient insufficient JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 117 33 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 117 34 sustain sustain VB cord-299731-sis9952k 117 35 cardiac cardiac JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 117 36 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 117 37 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 118 1 synthesis synthesis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 118 2 on on IN cord-299731-sis9952k 118 3 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 118 4 regular regular JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 118 5 rodent rodent NN cord-299731-sis9952k 118 6 diet diet NN cord-299731-sis9952k 118 7 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 119 1 This this DT cord-299731-sis9952k 119 2 supports support VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 119 3 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 119 4 interest interest NN cord-299731-sis9952k 119 5 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 119 6 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 119 7 supplementation supplementation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 119 8 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 119 9 improve improve VB cord-299731-sis9952k 119 10 this this DT cord-299731-sis9952k 119 11 condition condition NN cord-299731-sis9952k 119 12 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 120 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-299731-sis9952k 120 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 120 3 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 120 4 strong strong JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 120 5 beneficial beneficial JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 120 6 effect effect NN cord-299731-sis9952k 120 7 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 120 8 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 120 9 was be VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 120 10 discovered discover VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 120 11 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 120 12 mouse mouse NN cord-299731-sis9952k 120 13 models model NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 120 14 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 120 15 HF HF NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 120 16 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 120 17 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 120 18 preservation preservation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 120 19 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 120 20 cardiac cardiac JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 120 21 function function NN cord-299731-sis9952k 120 22 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 120 23 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 120 24 limitation limitation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 120 25 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 120 26 cardiac cardiac JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 120 27 remodeling remodeling NN cord-299731-sis9952k 120 28 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 120 29 that that WDT cord-299731-sis9952k 120 30 was be VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 120 31 associated associate VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 120 32 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 120 33 maintained maintain VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 120 34 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 120 35 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 120 36 levels level NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 120 37 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 120 38 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 120 39 heart heart NN cord-299731-sis9952k 120 40 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 121 1 This this DT cord-299731-sis9952k 121 2 further further RB cord-299731-sis9952k 121 3 suggests suggest VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 121 4 that that IN cord-299731-sis9952k 121 5 oral oral JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 121 6 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 121 7 supplementation supplementation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 121 8 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 121 9 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 121 10 powerful powerful JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 121 11 approach approach NN cord-299731-sis9952k 121 12 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 121 13 preserve preserve VB cord-299731-sis9952k 121 14 cardiac cardiac JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 121 15 function function NN cord-299731-sis9952k 121 16 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 121 17 limit limit VB cord-299731-sis9952k 121 18 remodeling remodeling NN cord-299731-sis9952k 121 19 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 121 20 DCM DCM NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 121 21 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 122 1 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 122 2 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 122 3 precursor precursor NN cord-299731-sis9952k 122 4 supplementation supplementation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 122 5 also also RB cord-299731-sis9952k 122 6 has have VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 122 7 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 122 8 potential potential NN cord-299731-sis9952k 122 9 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 122 10 protect protect VB cord-299731-sis9952k 122 11 against against IN cord-299731-sis9952k 122 12 adverse adverse JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 122 13 cardiac cardiac JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 122 14 remodeling remodeling NN cord-299731-sis9952k 122 15 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 122 16 additional additional JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 122 17 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 122 18 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 122 19 activating activate VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 122 20 SIRTs sirt NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 122 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 122 22 Table Table NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 122 23 2 2 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 122 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 122 25 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 122 26 maintaining maintain VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 123 1 Ca ca NN cord-299731-sis9952k 123 2 2 2 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 123 3 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 123 4 homeostasis homeostasis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 123 5 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 123 6 67 67 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 123 7 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 123 8 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 124 1 Namely namely RB cord-299731-sis9952k 124 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 124 3 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 124 4 vivo vivo NN cord-299731-sis9952k 124 5 activation activation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 124 6 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 124 7 SIRT1 sirt1 NN cord-299731-sis9952k 124 8 protects protect VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 124 9 against against IN cord-299731-sis9952k 124 10 cardiac cardiac JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 124 11 hypertrophy hypertrophy NN cord-299731-sis9952k 124 12 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 124 13 metabolic metabolic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 124 14 dysregulation dysregulation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 124 15 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 124 16 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 124 17 cardiac cardiac JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 124 18 inflammation inflammation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 124 19 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 124 20 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 124 21 mouse mouse NN cord-299731-sis9952k 124 22 model model NN cord-299731-sis9952k 124 23 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 124 24 cardiac cardiac JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 124 25 hypertrophy hypertrophy NN cord-299731-sis9952k 124 26 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 124 27 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 124 28 exhibits exhibit VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 124 29 protective protective JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 124 30 effects effect NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 124 31 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 124 32 other other JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 124 33 models model NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 124 34 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 124 35 cardiac cardiac JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 124 36 dysfunction dysfunction NN cord-299731-sis9952k 124 37 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 124 38 68 68 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 124 39 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 124 40 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 124 41 69 69 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 124 42 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 124 43 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 124 44 70 70 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 124 45 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 124 46 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 124 47 71 71 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 124 48 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 124 49 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 125 1 In in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 125 2 addition addition NN cord-299731-sis9952k 125 3 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 125 4 SIRT2 SIRT2 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 125 5 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 125 6 SIRT6 SIRT6 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 125 7 have have VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 125 8 emerged emerge VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 125 9 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 125 10 prominent prominent JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 125 11 cardioprotective cardioprotective JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 125 12 SIRTs sirt NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 125 13 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 125 14 72 72 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 125 15 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 125 16 73 73 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 125 17 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 125 18 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 125 19 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 125 20 deficiency deficiency NN cord-299731-sis9952k 125 21 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 125 22 SIRT2 SIRT2 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 125 23 intensified intensify VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 125 24 cardiac cardiac JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 125 25 hypertrophy hypertrophy NN cord-299731-sis9952k 125 26 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 125 27 aged aged JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 125 28 mice mouse NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 125 29 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 125 30 mice mouse NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 125 31 stressed stress VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 125 32 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 125 33 angiotensin angiotensin NN cord-299731-sis9952k 125 34 II II NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 125 35 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 125 36 73 73 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 125 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 125 38 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 125 39 while while IN cord-299731-sis9952k 125 40 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 125 41 loss loss NN cord-299731-sis9952k 125 42 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 125 43 SIRT6 sirt6 NN cord-299731-sis9952k 125 44 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 125 45 mice mouse NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 125 46 resulted result VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 125 47 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 125 48 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 125 49 development development NN cord-299731-sis9952k 125 50 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 125 51 cardiac cardiac JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 125 52 hypertrophy hypertrophy NN cord-299731-sis9952k 125 53 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 125 54 HF HF NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 125 55 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 125 56 74 74 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 125 57 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 125 58 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 126 1 The the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 126 2 activity activity NN cord-299731-sis9952k 126 3 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 126 4 mitochondrial mitochondrial JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 126 5 SIRTs sirt NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 126 6 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 126 7 implicated implicate VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 126 8 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 126 9 cardiac cardiac JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 126 10 remodeling remodeling NN cord-299731-sis9952k 126 11 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 126 12 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 126 13 development development NN cord-299731-sis9952k 126 14 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 126 15 HF HF NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 126 16 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 126 17 including include VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 126 18 SIRT3 SIRT3 NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 126 19 which which WDT cord-299731-sis9952k 126 20 appears appear VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 126 21 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 126 22 be be VB cord-299731-sis9952k 126 23 required require VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 126 24 for for IN cord-299731-sis9952k 126 25 maintaining maintain VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 126 26 cardiac cardiac JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 126 27 function function NN cord-299731-sis9952k 126 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 126 29 75 75 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 126 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 126 31 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 127 1 Data datum NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 127 2 further further RB cord-299731-sis9952k 127 3 suggests suggest VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 127 4 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 127 5 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 127 6 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 127 7 favored favor VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 127 8 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 127 9 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 127 10 precursor precursor NN cord-299731-sis9952k 127 11 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 127 12 mitochondria mitochondrion NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 127 13 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 127 14 76 76 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 127 15 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 127 16 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 127 17 while while IN cord-299731-sis9952k 127 18 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 127 19 vivo vivo NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 127 20 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 127 21 effects effect NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 127 22 have have VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 127 23 been be VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 127 24 interpreted interpret VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 127 25 as as RB cord-299731-sis9952k 127 26 dependent dependent JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 127 27 on on IN cord-299731-sis9952k 127 28 mitochondrial mitochondrial JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 127 29 sirtuin sirtuin NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 127 30 activities activity NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 127 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 127 32 37 37 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 127 33 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 127 34 77 77 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 127 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 127 36 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 128 1 However however RB cord-299731-sis9952k 128 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 128 3 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 128 4 importance importance NN cord-299731-sis9952k 128 5 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 128 6 nucleocytosolic nucleocytosolic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 128 7 targets target NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 128 8 should should MD cord-299731-sis9952k 128 9 not not RB cord-299731-sis9952k 128 10 be be VB cord-299731-sis9952k 128 11 excluded exclude VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 128 12 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 128 13 1 1 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 128 14 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 128 15 78 78 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 128 16 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 128 17 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 129 1 NR nr NN cord-299731-sis9952k 129 2 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 129 3 induced induce VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 129 4 reduction reduction NN cord-299731-sis9952k 129 5 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 129 6 systolic systolic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 129 7 blood blood NN cord-299731-sis9952k 129 8 pressure pressure NN cord-299731-sis9952k 129 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 129 10 SBP SBP NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 129 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 129 12 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 129 13 aortic aortic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 129 14 stiffness stiffness NN cord-299731-sis9952k 129 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 129 16 39 39 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 129 17 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 129 18 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 129 19 two two CD cord-299731-sis9952k 129 20 clinically clinically RB cord-299731-sis9952k 129 21 important important JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 129 22 risk risk NN cord-299731-sis9952k 129 23 indicators indicator NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 129 24 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 129 25 cardiovascular cardiovascular JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 129 26 function function NN cord-299731-sis9952k 129 27 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 129 28 health health NN cord-299731-sis9952k 129 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 129 30 79 79 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 129 31 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 129 32 80 80 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 129 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 129 34 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 129 35 may may MD cord-299731-sis9952k 129 36 occur occur VB cord-299731-sis9952k 129 37 due due IN cord-299731-sis9952k 129 38 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 129 39 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 129 40 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 129 41 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 129 42 SIRT1 sirt1 NN cord-299731-sis9952k 129 43 activation activation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 129 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 129 45 Table Table NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 129 46 1 1 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 129 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 129 48 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 130 1 Namely namely RB cord-299731-sis9952k 130 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 130 3 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 130 4 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 130 5 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 130 6 an an DT cord-299731-sis9952k 130 7 obligate obligate NN cord-299731-sis9952k 130 8 substrate substrate NN cord-299731-sis9952k 130 9 for for IN cord-299731-sis9952k 130 10 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 130 11 deacetylase deacetylase NN cord-299731-sis9952k 130 12 SIRT1 sirt1 NN cord-299731-sis9952k 130 13 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 130 14 which which WDT cord-299731-sis9952k 130 15 has have VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 130 16 been be VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 130 17 implicated implicate VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 130 18 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 130 19 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 130 20 maintenance maintenance NN cord-299731-sis9952k 130 21 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 130 22 healthy healthy JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 130 23 vascular vascular JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 130 24 function function NN cord-299731-sis9952k 130 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 130 26 81 81 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 130 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 130 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 130 29 82 82 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 130 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 130 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 130 32 83 83 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 130 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 130 34 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 131 1 Although although IN cord-299731-sis9952k 131 2 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 131 3 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 131 4 involvement involvement NN cord-299731-sis9952k 131 5 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 131 6 numerous numerous JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 131 7 physiological physiological JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 131 8 responses response NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 131 9 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 131 10 not not RB cord-299731-sis9952k 131 11 yet yet RB cord-299731-sis9952k 131 12 fully fully RB cord-299731-sis9952k 131 13 understood understand VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 131 14 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 131 15 documented document VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 131 16 health health NN cord-299731-sis9952k 131 17 benefits benefit NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 131 18 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 131 19 mice mouse NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 131 20 models model NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 131 21 validate validate VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 131 22 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 131 23 increasing increase VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 131 24 interest interest NN cord-299731-sis9952k 131 25 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 131 26 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 131 27 translation translation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 131 28 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 131 29 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 131 30 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 131 31 therapy therapy NN cord-299731-sis9952k 131 32 for for IN cord-299731-sis9952k 131 33 cardiovascular cardiovascular JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 131 34 diseases disease NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 131 35 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 131 36 especially especially RB cord-299731-sis9952k 131 37 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 131 38 HF HF NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 131 39 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 131 40 cardiac cardiac JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 131 41 hypertrophy hypertrophy NN cord-299731-sis9952k 131 42 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 132 1 Table table NN cord-299731-sis9952k 132 2 2 2 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 132 3 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 133 1 The the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 133 2 roles role NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 133 3 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 133 4 sirtuins sirtuin NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 133 5 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 133 6 heart heart NN cord-299731-sis9952k 133 7 failure failure NN cord-299731-sis9952k 133 8 development development NN cord-299731-sis9952k 133 9 acquired acquire VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 133 10 from from IN cord-299731-sis9952k 133 11 experiments experiment NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 133 12 on on IN cord-299731-sis9952k 133 13 knock knock NN cord-299731-sis9952k 133 14 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 133 15 out out NN cord-299731-sis9952k 133 16 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 133 17 transgenic transgenic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 133 18 mice mouse NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 133 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 133 20 adapted adapt VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 133 21 from from IN cord-299731-sis9952k 133 22 Pillai Pillai NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 133 23 et et NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 133 24 al al NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 133 25 . . NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 133 26 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 133 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 133 28 84 84 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 133 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 133 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 133 31 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 134 1 Heart heart NN cord-299731-sis9952k 134 2 cell cell NN cord-299731-sis9952k 134 3 growth growth NN cord-299731-sis9952k 134 4 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 134 5 development development NN cord-299731-sis9952k 134 6 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 134 7 mediation mediation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 134 8 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 134 9 cardiac cardiac JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 134 10 hypertrophy hypertrophy NN cord-299731-sis9952k 134 11 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 134 12 protection protection NN cord-299731-sis9952k 134 13 from from IN cord-299731-sis9952k 134 14 ischemic ischemic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 134 15 injury injury NN cord-299731-sis9952k 134 16 ; ; , cord-299731-sis9952k 134 17 partial partial JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 134 18 deficiency deficiency NN cord-299731-sis9952k 134 19 protects protect VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 134 20 from from IN cord-299731-sis9952k 134 21 pressure pressure NN cord-299731-sis9952k 134 22 overload overload NN cord-299731-sis9952k 134 23 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 134 24 induced induce VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 134 25 hypertrophy hypertrophy NN cord-299731-sis9952k 134 26 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 134 27 failure failure NN cord-299731-sis9952k 134 28 SIRT2 SIRT2 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 135 1 Mediating mediate VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 135 2 ischemic ischemic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 135 3 injury injury NN cord-299731-sis9952k 135 4 due due IN cord-299731-sis9952k 135 5 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 135 6 attenuated attenuated JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 135 7 programmed program VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 135 8 apoptosis apoptosis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 135 9 SIRT3 SIRT3 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 135 10 Protection Protection NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 135 11 from from IN cord-299731-sis9952k 135 12 age age NN cord-299731-sis9952k 135 13 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 135 14 induced induce VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 135 15 hypertrophy hypertrophy NN cord-299731-sis9952k 135 16 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 135 17 fibrosis fibrosis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 135 18 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 135 19 contractile contractile JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 135 20 dysfunction dysfunction NN cord-299731-sis9952k 135 21 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 135 22 prevents prevent VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 135 23 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-299731-sis9952k 135 24 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 135 25 cardiac cardiac JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 135 26 hypertrophic hypertrophic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 135 27 stimuli stimulus NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 136 1 SIRT6 SIRT6 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 137 1 Protection protection NN cord-299731-sis9952k 137 2 from from IN cord-299731-sis9952k 137 3 cardiac cardiac JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 137 4 hypertrophy hypertrophy NN cord-299731-sis9952k 137 5 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 137 6 heart heart NN cord-299731-sis9952k 137 7 failure failure NN cord-299731-sis9952k 138 1 SIRT7 sirt7 UH cord-299731-sis9952k 138 2 Protection Protection NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 138 3 from from IN cord-299731-sis9952k 138 4 spontaneous spontaneous JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 138 5 cardiac cardiac JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 138 6 hypertrophy hypertrophy NN cord-299731-sis9952k 138 7 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 138 8 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 138 9 cardiomyopathy cardiomyopathy NN cord-299731-sis9952k 139 1 SIRT1 SIRT1 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 140 1 Low low JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 140 2 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 140 3 moderate moderate JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 140 4 overexpression overexpression NN cord-299731-sis9952k 140 5 attenuates attenuate VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 140 6 age age NN cord-299731-sis9952k 140 7 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 140 8 dependent dependent JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 140 9 decline decline NN cord-299731-sis9952k 140 10 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 140 11 cardiac cardiac JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 140 12 functions function NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 140 13 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 140 14 mice mouse NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 140 15 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 140 16 while while IN cord-299731-sis9952k 140 17 high high JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 140 18 overexpression overexpression NN cord-299731-sis9952k 140 19 induces induce VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 140 20 cardiac cardiac JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 140 21 hypertrophy hypertrophy NN cord-299731-sis9952k 140 22 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 140 23 heart heart NN cord-299731-sis9952k 140 24 failure failure NN cord-299731-sis9952k 140 25 SIRT3 SIRT3 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 141 1 Cardiac cardiac JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 141 2 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 141 3 specific specific JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 141 4 overexpression overexpression NN cord-299731-sis9952k 141 5 protects protect VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 141 6 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 141 7 heart heart NN cord-299731-sis9952k 141 8 from from IN cord-299731-sis9952k 141 9 hypertrophic hypertrophic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 141 10 stimuli stimulus NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 141 11 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 141 12 preserving preserve VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 141 13 mitochondrial mitochondrial JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 141 14 function function NN cord-299731-sis9952k 141 15 SIRT6 SIRT6 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 142 1 Cardiac cardiac JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 142 2 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 142 3 specific specific JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 142 4 overexpression overexpression NN cord-299731-sis9952k 142 5 protects protect VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 142 6 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 142 7 heart heart NN cord-299731-sis9952k 142 8 from from IN cord-299731-sis9952k 142 9 hypertrophic hypertrophic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 142 10 stimuli stimulus NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 142 11 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 142 12 blocking block VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 142 13 activation activation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 142 14 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 142 15 Akt Akt NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 142 16 signaling signal VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 142 17 at at IN cord-299731-sis9952k 142 18 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 142 19 level level NN cord-299731-sis9952k 142 20 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 142 21 chromatin chromatin JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 142 22 Neurodegenerative Neurodegenerative NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 142 23 disorders disorder NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 142 24 are be VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 142 25 associated associate VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 142 26 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 142 27 DNA dna NN cord-299731-sis9952k 142 28 damage damage NN cord-299731-sis9952k 142 29 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 142 30 oxidative oxidative JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 142 31 stress stress NN cord-299731-sis9952k 142 32 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 142 33 which which WDT cord-299731-sis9952k 142 34 accumulate accumulate VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 142 35 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 142 36 age age NN cord-299731-sis9952k 142 37 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 142 38 85 85 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 142 39 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 142 40 leading lead VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 142 41 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 142 42 impaired impaired JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 142 43 mitochondrial mitochondrial NN cord-299731-sis9952k 142 44 function function NN cord-299731-sis9952k 142 45 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 142 46 86 86 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 142 47 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 142 48 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 143 1 In in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 143 2 addition addition NN cord-299731-sis9952k 143 3 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 143 4 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 143 5 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 143 6 depletion depletion NN cord-299731-sis9952k 143 7 was be VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 143 8 observed observe VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 143 9 during during IN cord-299731-sis9952k 143 10 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 143 11 aging age VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 143 12 process process NN cord-299731-sis9952k 143 13 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 143 14 multiple multiple JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 143 15 animals animal NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 143 16 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 143 17 including include VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 143 18 humans human NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 143 19 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 143 20 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 143 21 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 143 22 considered consider VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 143 23 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 143 24 major major JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 143 25 risk risk NN cord-299731-sis9952k 143 26 factor factor NN cord-299731-sis9952k 143 27 for for IN cord-299731-sis9952k 143 28 Alzheimer Alzheimer NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 143 29 's 's POS cord-299731-sis9952k 143 30 disease disease NN cord-299731-sis9952k 143 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 143 32 AD ad NN cord-299731-sis9952k 143 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 143 34 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 143 35 87 87 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 143 36 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 143 37 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 144 1 When when WRB cord-299731-sis9952k 144 2 administered administer VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 144 3 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 144 4 AD ad NN cord-299731-sis9952k 144 5 mouse mouse NN cord-299731-sis9952k 144 6 models model NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 144 7 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 144 8 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 144 9 displays display VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 144 10 beneficial beneficial JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 144 11 effects effect NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 144 12 on on IN cord-299731-sis9952k 144 13 both both DT cord-299731-sis9952k 144 14 oxidative oxidative JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 144 15 stress stress NN cord-299731-sis9952k 144 16 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 144 17 DNA dna NN cord-299731-sis9952k 144 18 repair repair NN cord-299731-sis9952k 144 19 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 144 20 increasing increase VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 144 21 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 145 1 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 145 2 levels level NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 145 3 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 145 4 88 88 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 145 5 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 145 6 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 146 1 Additionally additionally RB cord-299731-sis9952k 146 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 146 3 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 146 4 can can MD cord-299731-sis9952k 146 5 improve improve VB cord-299731-sis9952k 146 6 other other JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 146 7 aspects aspect NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 146 8 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 146 9 AD ad NN cord-299731-sis9952k 146 10 neuropathology neuropathology NN cord-299731-sis9952k 146 11 including include VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 146 12 pTau pTau NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 146 13 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 146 14 amyloid amyloid NN cord-299731-sis9952k 146 15 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 146 16 β β NN cord-299731-sis9952k 146 17 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 146 18 neurogenesis neurogenesis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 146 19 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 146 20 neuroinflammation neuroinflammation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 146 21 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 146 22 hippocampal hippocampal JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 146 23 synaptic synaptic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 146 24 plasticity plasticity NN cord-299731-sis9952k 146 25 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 146 26 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 146 27 cognition cognition NN cord-299731-sis9952k 146 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 146 29 89 89 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 146 30 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 146 31 90 90 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 146 32 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 146 33 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 147 1 Specifically specifically RB cord-299731-sis9952k 147 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 147 3 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 147 4 treatment treatment NN cord-299731-sis9952k 147 5 reduce reduce VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 147 6 neuroinflammation neuroinflammation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 147 7 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 147 8 amyloidogenesis amyloidogenesis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 147 9 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 147 10 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 147 11 whole whole JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 147 12 brain brain NN cord-299731-sis9952k 147 13 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 147 14 high high JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 147 15 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 147 16 fat fat NN cord-299731-sis9952k 147 17 diet diet NN cord-299731-sis9952k 147 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 147 19 HFD)-fed HFD)-fed NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 147 20 mice mouse NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 147 21 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 147 22 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 147 23 decreasing decrease VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 147 24 amyloid amyloid NN cord-299731-sis9952k 147 25 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 147 26 β β NN cord-299731-sis9952k 147 27 levels level NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 147 28 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 147 29 several several JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 147 30 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 147 31 markers marker NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 147 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 147 33 NLRP3 nlrp3 XX cord-299731-sis9952k 147 34 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 147 35 CASP1 CASP1 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 147 36 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 147 37 IL-1 IL-1 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 147 38 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 147 39 TNF TNF NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 147 40 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 147 41 α α NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 147 42 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 147 43 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 147 44 IL-6 IL-6 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 147 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 147 46 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 147 47 91 91 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 147 48 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 147 49 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 148 1 Since since IN cord-299731-sis9952k 148 2 brain brain NN cord-299731-sis9952k 148 3 inflammation inflammation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 148 4 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 148 5 closely closely RB cord-299731-sis9952k 148 6 related relate VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 148 7 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 148 8 cognitive cognitive JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 148 9 impairment impairment NN cord-299731-sis9952k 148 10 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 148 11 92 92 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 148 12 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 148 13 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 148 14 93 93 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 148 15 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 148 16 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 148 17 94 94 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 148 18 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 148 19 , , . cord-299731-sis9952k 149 1 cognitive cognitive JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 149 2 function function NN cord-299731-sis9952k 149 3 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 149 4 recognition recognition NN cord-299731-sis9952k 149 5 memory memory NN cord-299731-sis9952k 149 6 could could MD cord-299731-sis9952k 149 7 be be VB cord-299731-sis9952k 149 8 attenuated attenuate VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 149 9 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 149 10 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 149 11 treatment treatment NN cord-299731-sis9952k 149 12 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 149 13 only only RB cord-299731-sis9952k 149 14 6 6 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 149 15 weeks week NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 149 16 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 149 17 91 91 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 149 18 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 149 19 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 150 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-299731-sis9952k 150 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 150 3 increased increase VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 150 4 PARylation parylation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 150 5 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 150 6 another another DT cord-299731-sis9952k 150 7 hallmark hallmark NN cord-299731-sis9952k 150 8 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 150 9 AD ad NN cord-299731-sis9952k 150 10 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 150 11 could could MD cord-299731-sis9952k 150 12 be be VB cord-299731-sis9952k 150 13 decreased decrease VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 150 14 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 150 15 AD ad NN cord-299731-sis9952k 150 16 mice mouse NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 150 17 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 150 18 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 150 19 supplementation supplementation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 150 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 150 21 90 90 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 150 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 150 23 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 151 1 Increased increase VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 151 2 PARylation parylation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 151 3 has have VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 151 4 also also RB cord-299731-sis9952k 151 5 been be VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 151 6 detected detect VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 151 7 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 151 8 several several JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 151 9 other other JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 151 10 neurodegenerative neurodegenerative JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 151 11 disorders disorder NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 151 12 that that WDT cord-299731-sis9952k 151 13 involve involve VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 151 14 DNA dna NN cord-299731-sis9952k 151 15 repair repair NN cord-299731-sis9952k 151 16 defects defect NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 151 17 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 151 18 including include VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 151 19 Cockayne Cockayne NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 151 20 syndrome syndrome NN cord-299731-sis9952k 151 21 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 151 22 xeroderma xeroderma NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 151 23 pigmentosum pigmentosum NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 151 24 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 151 25 ataxia ataxia NN cord-299731-sis9952k 151 26 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 151 27 telangiectasia telangiectasia NN cord-299731-sis9952k 151 28 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 152 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB cord-299731-sis9952k 152 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 152 3 PARP PARP NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 152 4 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 152 5 mediated mediate VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 152 6 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 152 7 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 152 8 depletion depletion NN cord-299731-sis9952k 152 9 was be VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 152 10 recently recently RB cord-299731-sis9952k 152 11 confirmed confirm VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 152 12 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 152 13 play play VB cord-299731-sis9952k 152 14 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 152 15 major major JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 152 16 role role NN cord-299731-sis9952k 152 17 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 152 18 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 152 19 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 152 20 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 152 21 these these DT cord-299731-sis9952k 152 22 disorders disorder NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 152 23 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 153 1 Despite despite IN cord-299731-sis9952k 153 2 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 153 3 underlying underlying JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 153 4 DNA dna NN cord-299731-sis9952k 153 5 repair repair NN cord-299731-sis9952k 153 6 deficiencies deficiency NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 153 7 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 153 8 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 153 9 could could MD cord-299731-sis9952k 153 10 dramatically dramatically RB cord-299731-sis9952k 153 11 improve improve VB cord-299731-sis9952k 153 12 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 153 13 phenotype phenotype NN cord-299731-sis9952k 153 14 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 153 15 each each DT cord-299731-sis9952k 153 16 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 153 17 these these DT cord-299731-sis9952k 153 18 conditions condition NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 153 19 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 153 20 mouse mouse NN cord-299731-sis9952k 153 21 models model NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 153 22 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 153 23 while while IN cord-299731-sis9952k 153 24 prolonging prolong VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 153 25 survival survival NN cord-299731-sis9952k 153 26 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 153 27 more more JJR cord-299731-sis9952k 153 28 than than IN cord-299731-sis9952k 153 29 three three CD cord-299731-sis9952k 153 30 times time NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 153 31 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 153 32 ataxic ataxic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 153 33 mice mouse NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 153 34 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 153 35 95 95 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 153 36 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 153 37 96 96 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 153 38 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 153 39 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 154 1 Another another DT cord-299731-sis9952k 154 2 early early JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 154 3 event event NN cord-299731-sis9952k 154 4 that that WDT cord-299731-sis9952k 154 5 occurs occur VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 154 6 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 154 7 acute acute JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 154 8 cerebral cerebral JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 154 9 injury injury NN cord-299731-sis9952k 154 10 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 154 11 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 154 12 chronic chronic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 154 13 neurodegenerative neurodegenerative JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 154 14 diseases disease NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 154 15 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 154 16 including include VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 154 17 Alzheimer Alzheimer NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 154 18 's 's POS cord-299731-sis9952k 154 19 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 154 20 Parkinson Parkinson NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 154 21 's 's POS cord-299731-sis9952k 154 22 diseases disease NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 154 23 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 154 24 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 154 25 axonal axonal JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 154 26 degeneration degeneration NN cord-299731-sis9952k 154 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 154 28 97 97 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 154 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 154 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 154 31 98 98 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 154 32 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 155 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 155 2 99 99 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 155 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 155 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 155 5 100 100 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 155 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 155 7 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 156 1 In in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 156 2 such such JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 156 3 cases case NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 156 4 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 156 5 axonal axonal JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 156 6 degeneration degeneration NN cord-299731-sis9952k 156 7 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 156 8 caused cause VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 156 9 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 156 10 excitotoxicity excitotoxicity NN cord-299731-sis9952k 156 11 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 156 12 which which WDT cord-299731-sis9952k 156 13 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 156 14 another another DT cord-299731-sis9952k 156 15 feature feature NN cord-299731-sis9952k 156 16 implicated implicate VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 156 17 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 156 18 most most JJS cord-299731-sis9952k 156 19 neurodegenerative neurodegenerative JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 156 20 disorders disorder NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 156 21 that that WDT cord-299731-sis9952k 156 22 affect affect VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 156 23 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 156 24 central central JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 156 25 nervous nervous JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 156 26 system system NN cord-299731-sis9952k 156 27 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 157 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-299731-sis9952k 157 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 157 3 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 157 4 strong strong JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 157 5 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 157 6 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 157 7 depletion depletion NN cord-299731-sis9952k 157 8 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 157 9 neurons neuron NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 157 10 has have VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 157 11 been be VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 157 12 revealed reveal VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 157 13 during during IN cord-299731-sis9952k 157 14 excitotoxicity excitotoxicity NN cord-299731-sis9952k 157 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 157 16 101 101 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 157 17 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 157 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 157 19 102 102 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 157 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 157 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 157 22 103 103 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 157 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 157 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 157 25 104 104 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 157 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 157 27 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 157 28 whereas whereas IN cord-299731-sis9952k 157 29 mice mouse NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 157 30 injected inject VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 157 31 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 157 32 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 157 33 were be VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 157 34 protected protect VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 157 35 from from IN cord-299731-sis9952k 157 36 excitotoxicity excitotoxicity NN cord-299731-sis9952k 157 37 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 157 38 induced induce VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 157 39 axonal axonal JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 157 40 degeneration degeneration NN cord-299731-sis9952k 157 41 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 157 42 105 105 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 157 43 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 157 44 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 158 1 Among among IN cord-299731-sis9952k 158 2 three three CD cord-299731-sis9952k 158 3 tested test VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 158 4 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 158 5 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 158 6 precursors precursor NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 158 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 158 8 NA NA NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 158 9 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 158 10 NAM NAM NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 158 11 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 158 12 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 158 13 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 158 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 158 15 including include VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 158 16 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 158 17 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 158 18 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 158 19 only only RB cord-299731-sis9952k 158 20 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 158 21 could could MD cord-299731-sis9952k 158 22 prevent prevent VB cord-299731-sis9952k 158 23 axonal axonal JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 158 24 degeneration degeneration NN cord-299731-sis9952k 158 25 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 158 26 altering alter VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 158 27 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 158 28 local local JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 158 29 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 158 30 metabolism metabolism NN cord-299731-sis9952k 158 31 within within IN cord-299731-sis9952k 158 32 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 158 33 axon axon NN cord-299731-sis9952k 158 34 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 158 35 105 105 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 158 36 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 158 37 106 106 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 158 38 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 158 39 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 159 1 Namely namely RB cord-299731-sis9952k 159 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 159 3 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 159 4 prevented prevent VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 159 5 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 159 6 condensation condensation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 159 7 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 159 8 axonal axonal JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 159 9 degeneration degeneration NN cord-299731-sis9952k 159 10 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 159 11 neurons neuron NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 159 12 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 159 13 Nmrk2-KO Nmrk2-KO NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 159 14 mice mouse NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 159 15 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 159 16 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 159 17 inducing induce VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 159 18 Nmrk1 Nmrk1 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 159 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 159 20 105 105 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 159 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 159 22 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 159 23 which which WDT cord-299731-sis9952k 159 24 suggests suggest VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 159 25 that that IN cord-299731-sis9952k 159 26 Nmrk1 Nmrk1 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 159 27 might may MD cord-299731-sis9952k 159 28 be be VB cord-299731-sis9952k 159 29 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 159 30 key key JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 159 31 mediator mediator NN cord-299731-sis9952k 159 32 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 159 33 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 159 34 neuroprotective neuroprotective JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 159 35 activity activity NN cord-299731-sis9952k 159 36 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 159 37 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 159 38 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 160 1 This this DT cord-299731-sis9952k 160 2 neuroprotective neuroprotective JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 160 3 effect effect NN cord-299731-sis9952k 160 4 depends depend VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 160 5 on on IN cord-299731-sis9952k 160 6 both both DT cord-299731-sis9952k 160 7 mitochondrial mitochondrial NN cord-299731-sis9952k 160 8 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 160 9 axonal axonal JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 160 10 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 160 11 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 160 12 content content NN cord-299731-sis9952k 160 13 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 160 14 78 78 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 160 15 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 160 16 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 161 1 At at IN cord-299731-sis9952k 161 2 present present JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 161 3 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 161 4 two two CD cord-299731-sis9952k 161 5 possible possible JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 161 6 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 161 7 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 161 8 neuroprotection neuroprotection NN cord-299731-sis9952k 161 9 have have VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 161 10 been be VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 161 11 proposed propose VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 161 12 : : : cord-299731-sis9952k 161 13 increasing increase VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 161 14 mitochondrial mitochondrial NN cord-299731-sis9952k 161 15 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 161 16 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 161 17 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 161 18 support support VB cord-299731-sis9952k 161 19 SIRT3 SIRT3 NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 161 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 161 21 77 77 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 161 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 161 23 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 161 24 preserving preserve VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 161 25 axonal axonal JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 161 26 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 161 27 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 161 28 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 161 29 supply supply VB cord-299731-sis9952k 161 30 damage damage NN cord-299731-sis9952k 161 31 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 161 32 induced induce VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 161 33 SARM1 SARM1 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 161 34 activation activation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 161 35 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 161 36 107 107 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 161 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 161 38 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 162 1 Via via IN cord-299731-sis9952k 162 2 SIRT3 sirt3 NN cord-299731-sis9952k 162 3 activation activation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 162 4 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 162 5 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 162 6 NR nr NN cord-299731-sis9952k 162 7 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 162 8 induced induce VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 162 9 increase increase NN cord-299731-sis9952k 162 10 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 162 11 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 162 12 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 162 13 levels level NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 162 14 can can MD cord-299731-sis9952k 162 15 have have VB cord-299731-sis9952k 162 16 additional additional JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 162 17 beneficial beneficial JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 162 18 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 162 19 possible possible JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 162 20 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 162 21 effects effect NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 162 22 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 163 1 Specifically specifically RB cord-299731-sis9952k 163 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 163 3 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 163 4 has have VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 163 5 been be VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 163 6 shown show VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 163 7 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 163 8 prevent prevent VB cord-299731-sis9952k 163 9 noise noise NN cord-299731-sis9952k 163 10 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 163 11 induced induce VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 163 12 hearing hearing NN cord-299731-sis9952k 163 13 loss loss NN cord-299731-sis9952k 163 14 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 163 15 neurite neurite NN cord-299731-sis9952k 163 16 retraction retraction NN cord-299731-sis9952k 163 17 from from IN cord-299731-sis9952k 163 18 hair hair NN cord-299731-sis9952k 163 19 cells cell NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 163 20 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 163 21 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 163 22 inner inner JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 163 23 ear ear NN cord-299731-sis9952k 163 24 through through IN cord-299731-sis9952k 163 25 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 163 26 SIRT3-dependent SIRT3-dependent NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 163 27 mechanism mechanism NN cord-299731-sis9952k 163 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 163 29 77 77 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 163 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 163 31 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 164 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-299731-sis9952k 164 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 164 3 SIRT3 SIRT3 NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 164 4 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 164 5 5 5 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 164 6 are be VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 164 7 both both DT cord-299731-sis9952k 164 8 critical critical JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 164 9 for for IN cord-299731-sis9952k 164 10 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 164 11 health health NN cord-299731-sis9952k 164 12 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 164 13 retinal retinal JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 164 14 photoreceptors photoreceptor NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 164 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 164 16 108 108 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 164 17 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 164 18 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 165 1 SIRT3 SIRT3 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 165 2 activity activity NN cord-299731-sis9952k 165 3 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 165 4 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 165 5 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 165 6 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 165 7 reduction reduction NN cord-299731-sis9952k 165 8 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 165 9 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 165 10 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 165 11 content content NN cord-299731-sis9952k 165 12 that that WDT cord-299731-sis9952k 165 13 has have VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 165 14 been be VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 165 15 detected detect VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 165 16 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 165 17 multiple multiple JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 165 18 disorders disorder NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 165 19 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 165 20 retinal retinal JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 165 21 degeneration degeneration NN cord-299731-sis9952k 165 22 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 165 23 including include VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 165 24 age age NN cord-299731-sis9952k 165 25 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 165 26 associated associate VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 165 27 dysfunction dysfunction NN cord-299731-sis9952k 165 28 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 165 29 diabetic diabetic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 165 30 retinopathy retinopathy NN cord-299731-sis9952k 165 31 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 165 32 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 165 33 light light NN cord-299731-sis9952k 165 34 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 165 35 induced induce VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 165 36 degeneration degeneration NN cord-299731-sis9952k 165 37 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 165 38 mice mouse NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 165 39 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 165 40 108 108 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 165 41 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 165 42 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 166 1 This this DT cord-299731-sis9952k 166 2 suggests suggest VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 166 3 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 166 4 potential potential JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 166 5 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 166 6 treatment treatment NN cord-299731-sis9952k 166 7 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 166 8 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 166 9 for for IN cord-299731-sis9952k 166 10 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 166 11 variety variety NN cord-299731-sis9952k 166 12 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 166 13 disorders disorder NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 166 14 that that WDT cord-299731-sis9952k 166 15 include include VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 166 16 photoreceptor photoreceptor NN cord-299731-sis9952k 166 17 degeneration degeneration NN cord-299731-sis9952k 166 18 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 167 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-299731-sis9952k 167 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 167 3 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 167 4 general general JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 167 5 decrease decrease NN cord-299731-sis9952k 167 6 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 167 7 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 167 8 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 167 9 levels level NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 167 10 has have VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 167 11 been be VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 167 12 observed observe VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 167 13 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 167 14 neuromuscular neuromuscular JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 167 15 diseases disease NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 167 16 which which WDT cord-299731-sis9952k 167 17 are be VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 167 18 often often RB cord-299731-sis9952k 167 19 caused cause VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 167 20 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 167 21 inherited inherit VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 167 22 mutations mutation NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 167 23 that that WDT cord-299731-sis9952k 167 24 lead lead VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 167 25 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 167 26 progressive progressive JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 167 27 skeletal skeletal JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 167 28 muscle muscle NN cord-299731-sis9952k 167 29 weakness weakness NN cord-299731-sis9952k 167 30 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 167 31 degeneration degeneration NN cord-299731-sis9952k 167 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 167 33 38 38 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 167 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 167 35 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 168 1 Increasing increase VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 168 2 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 168 3 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 168 4 content content NN cord-299731-sis9952k 168 5 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 168 6 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 168 7 can can MD cord-299731-sis9952k 168 8 stimulate stimulate VB cord-299731-sis9952k 168 9 energy energy NN cord-299731-sis9952k 168 10 production production NN cord-299731-sis9952k 168 11 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 168 12 improve improve VB cord-299731-sis9952k 168 13 mitochondria mitochondrion NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 168 14 function function VB cord-299731-sis9952k 168 15 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 169 1 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 169 2 has have VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 169 3 been be VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 169 4 shown show VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 169 5 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 169 6 have have VB cord-299731-sis9952k 169 7 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 169 8 effects effect NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 169 9 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 169 10 several several JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 169 11 muscle muscle NN cord-299731-sis9952k 169 12 disorders disorder NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 169 13 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 169 14 mouse mouse NN cord-299731-sis9952k 169 15 models model NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 169 16 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 170 1 Although although IN cord-299731-sis9952k 170 2 supplementation supplementation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 170 3 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 170 4 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 170 5 could could MD cord-299731-sis9952k 170 6 not not RB cord-299731-sis9952k 170 7 correct correct VB cord-299731-sis9952k 170 8 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 170 9 underlying underlying JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 170 10 genetic genetic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 170 11 defects defect NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 170 12 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 170 13 it -PRON- PRP cord-299731-sis9952k 170 14 could could MD cord-299731-sis9952k 170 15 improve improve VB cord-299731-sis9952k 170 16 mitochondrial mitochondrial JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 170 17 abundance abundance NN cord-299731-sis9952k 170 18 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 170 19 function function NN cord-299731-sis9952k 170 20 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 170 21 two two CD cord-299731-sis9952k 170 22 different different JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 170 23 mitochondrial mitochondrial NN cord-299731-sis9952k 170 24 myopathies myopathy NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 170 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 170 26 109 109 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 170 27 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 170 28 110 110 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 170 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 170 30 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 171 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-299731-sis9952k 171 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 171 3 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 171 4 could could MD cord-299731-sis9952k 171 5 reverse reverse VB cord-299731-sis9952k 171 6 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 171 7 progressive progressive JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 171 8 wasting wasting NN cord-299731-sis9952k 171 9 syndrome syndrome NN cord-299731-sis9952k 171 10 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 171 11 skeletal skeletal JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 171 12 muscle muscle NN cord-299731-sis9952k 171 13 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 171 14 mice mouse NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 171 15 lacking lack VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 171 16 Nampt Nampt NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 171 17 whilst whilst IN cord-299731-sis9952k 171 18 restoring restore VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 171 19 endurance endurance NN cord-299731-sis9952k 171 20 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 171 21 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 171 22 as as RB cord-299731-sis9952k 171 23 little little JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 171 24 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 171 25 1 1 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 171 26 week week NN cord-299731-sis9952k 171 27 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 171 28 treatment treatment NN cord-299731-sis9952k 171 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 171 30 111 111 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 171 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 171 32 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 172 1 Accordingly accordingly RB cord-299731-sis9952k 172 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 172 3 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 172 4 was be VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 172 5 found find VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 172 6 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 172 7 confer confer VB cord-299731-sis9952k 172 8 increased increased JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 172 9 endurance endurance NN cord-299731-sis9952k 172 10 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 172 11 improved improved JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 172 12 cold cold JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 172 13 tolerance tolerance NN cord-299731-sis9952k 172 14 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 172 15 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 172 16 HFD HFD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 172 17 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 172 18 fed feed VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 172 19 mice mouse NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 172 20 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 173 1 However however RB cord-299731-sis9952k 173 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 173 3 whether whether IN cord-299731-sis9952k 173 4 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 173 5 has have VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 173 6 significant significant JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 173 7 benefits benefit NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 173 8 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 173 9 lean lean JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 173 10 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 173 11 healthy healthy JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 173 12 muscle muscle NN cord-299731-sis9952k 173 13 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 173 14 less less RBR cord-299731-sis9952k 173 15 clear clear JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 173 16 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 173 17 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 173 18 only only RB cord-299731-sis9952k 173 19 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 173 20 nonsignificant nonsignificant JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 173 21 trend trend NN cord-299731-sis9952k 173 22 toward toward IN cord-299731-sis9952k 173 23 increased increase VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 173 24 endurance endurance NN cord-299731-sis9952k 173 25 was be VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 173 26 observed observe VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 173 27 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 173 28 regular regular JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 173 29 chow chow NN cord-299731-sis9952k 173 30 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 173 31 fed feed VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 173 32 mice mouse NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 173 33 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 173 34 37 37 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 173 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 173 36 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 174 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-299731-sis9952k 174 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 174 3 decreased decrease VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 174 4 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 174 5 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 174 6 levels level NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 174 7 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 174 8 Nampt Nampt NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 174 9 expression expression NN cord-299731-sis9952k 174 10 were be VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 174 11 also also RB cord-299731-sis9952k 174 12 observed observe VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 174 13 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 174 14 Duchenne Duchenne NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 174 15 's 's POS cord-299731-sis9952k 174 16 muscular muscular JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 174 17 dystrophy dystrophy NN cord-299731-sis9952k 174 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 174 19 DMD DMD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 174 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 174 21 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 174 22 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 174 23 condition condition NN cord-299731-sis9952k 174 24 histologically histologically RB cord-299731-sis9952k 174 25 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 174 26 transcriptionally transcriptionally RB cord-299731-sis9952k 174 27 similar similar JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 174 28 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 174 29 progressive progressive JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 174 30 wasting waste VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 174 31 syndrome syndrome NN cord-299731-sis9952k 174 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 174 33 112 112 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 174 34 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 174 35 113 113 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 174 36 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 174 37 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 175 1 DMD DMD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 175 2 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 175 3 also also RB cord-299731-sis9952k 175 4 characterized characterize VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 175 5 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 175 6 increased increase VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 175 7 PARP PARP NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 175 8 activity activity NN cord-299731-sis9952k 175 9 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 175 10 fibrosis fibrosis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 175 11 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 175 12 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 175 13 muscular muscular JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 175 14 degeneration degeneration NN cord-299731-sis9952k 175 15 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 176 1 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 176 2 was be VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 176 3 found find VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 176 4 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 176 5 improve improve VB cord-299731-sis9952k 176 6 muscular muscular JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 176 7 function function NN cord-299731-sis9952k 176 8 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 176 9 heart heart NN cord-299731-sis9952k 176 10 pathology pathology NN cord-299731-sis9952k 176 11 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 176 12 mdx mdx NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 176 13 mice mouse NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 176 14 models model NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 176 15 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 176 16 DMD DMD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 176 17 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 176 18 decrease decrease VB cord-299731-sis9952k 176 19 PARylation parylation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 176 20 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 176 21 inflammation inflammation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 176 22 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 176 23 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 176 24 fibrosis fibrosis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 176 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 176 26 112 112 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 176 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 176 28 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 177 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-299731-sis9952k 177 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 177 3 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 177 4 treatment treatment NN cord-299731-sis9952k 177 5 has have VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 177 6 been be VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 177 7 shown show VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 177 8 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 177 9 improve improve VB cord-299731-sis9952k 177 10 stem stem NN cord-299731-sis9952k 177 11 cell cell NN cord-299731-sis9952k 177 12 function function NN cord-299731-sis9952k 177 13 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 177 14 thereby thereby RB cord-299731-sis9952k 177 15 ameliorate ameliorate VB cord-299731-sis9952k 177 16 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 177 17 muscle muscle NN cord-299731-sis9952k 177 18 wasting waste VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 177 19 phenotype phenotype NN cord-299731-sis9952k 177 20 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 177 21 mdx mdx NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 177 22 mice mouse NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 177 23 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 177 24 supporting support VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 177 25 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 177 26 use use NN cord-299731-sis9952k 177 27 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 177 28 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 177 29 for for IN cord-299731-sis9952k 177 30 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 177 31 human human JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 177 32 condition condition NN cord-299731-sis9952k 177 33 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 177 34 38 38 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 177 35 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 177 36 112 112 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 177 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 177 38 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 178 1 Improvement improvement NN cord-299731-sis9952k 178 2 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 178 3 stem stem NN cord-299731-sis9952k 178 4 cell cell NN cord-299731-sis9952k 178 5 function function NN cord-299731-sis9952k 178 6 appears appear VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 178 7 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 178 8 be be VB cord-299731-sis9952k 178 9 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 178 10 general general JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 178 11 phenomenon phenomenon NN cord-299731-sis9952k 178 12 during during IN cord-299731-sis9952k 178 13 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 178 14 treatment treatment NN cord-299731-sis9952k 178 15 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 178 16 has have VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 178 17 been be VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 178 18 suggested suggest VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 178 19 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 178 20 underlie underlie VB cord-299731-sis9952k 178 21 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 178 22 small small JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 178 23 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 178 24 but but CC cord-299731-sis9952k 178 25 significant significant JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 178 26 extension extension NN cord-299731-sis9952k 178 27 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 178 28 lifespan lifespan NN cord-299731-sis9952k 178 29 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 178 30 mice mouse NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 178 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 178 32 38 38 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 178 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 178 34 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 179 1 Altogether altogether RB cord-299731-sis9952k 179 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 179 3 these these DT cord-299731-sis9952k 179 4 findings finding NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 179 5 support support VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 179 6 that that IN cord-299731-sis9952k 179 7 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 179 8 could could MD cord-299731-sis9952k 179 9 be be VB cord-299731-sis9952k 179 10 effective effective JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 179 11 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 179 12 managing manage VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 179 13 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 179 14 progression progression NN cord-299731-sis9952k 179 15 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 179 16 muscular muscular JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 179 17 dystrophy dystrophy NN cord-299731-sis9952k 179 18 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 179 19 degeneration degeneration NN cord-299731-sis9952k 179 20 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 179 21 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 179 22 improving improve VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 179 23 muscular muscular JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 179 24 strength strength NN cord-299731-sis9952k 179 25 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 179 26 rejuvenating rejuvenate VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 179 27 senescent senescent JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 179 28 muscle muscle NN cord-299731-sis9952k 179 29 stem stem NN cord-299731-sis9952k 179 30 cells cell NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 179 31 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 179 32 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 179 33 reducing reduce VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 179 34 levels level NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 179 35 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 179 36 inflammation inflammation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 179 37 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 179 38 fibrosis fibrosis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 179 39 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 180 1 Calorie calorie NN cord-299731-sis9952k 180 2 restriction restriction NN cord-299731-sis9952k 180 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 180 4 CR CR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 180 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 180 6 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 180 7 considered consider VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 180 8 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 180 9 most most RBS cord-299731-sis9952k 180 10 effective effective JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 180 11 approach approach NN cord-299731-sis9952k 180 12 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 180 13 extend extend VB cord-299731-sis9952k 180 14 lifespan lifespan NN cord-299731-sis9952k 180 15 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 180 16 eukaryotes eukaryote NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 180 17 since since IN cord-299731-sis9952k 180 18 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 180 19 first first JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 180 20 report report NN cord-299731-sis9952k 180 21 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 180 22 lifespan lifespan NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 180 23 extension extension NN cord-299731-sis9952k 180 24 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 180 25 wild wild JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 180 26 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 180 27 type type NN cord-299731-sis9952k 180 28 yeast yeast NN cord-299731-sis9952k 180 29 cells cell NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 180 30 via via IN cord-299731-sis9952k 180 31 regulation regulation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 180 32 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 180 33 Sir2 Sir2 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 180 34 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 180 35 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 180 36 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 180 37 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 180 38 114 114 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 180 39 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 180 40 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 181 1 CR CR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 181 2 life life NN cord-299731-sis9952k 181 3 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 181 4 prolonging prolong VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 181 5 effects effect NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 181 6 may may MD cord-299731-sis9952k 181 7 partly partly RB cord-299731-sis9952k 181 8 be be VB cord-299731-sis9952k 181 9 mediated mediate VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 181 10 via via IN cord-299731-sis9952k 181 11 increased increase VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 181 12 sirtuin sirtuin NN cord-299731-sis9952k 181 13 function function NN cord-299731-sis9952k 181 14 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 181 15 while while IN cord-299731-sis9952k 181 16 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 181 17 requirement requirement NN cord-299731-sis9952k 181 18 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 181 19 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 181 20 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 181 21 for for IN cord-299731-sis9952k 181 22 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-299731-sis9952k 181 23 activity activity NN cord-299731-sis9952k 181 24 suggests suggest VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 181 25 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 181 26 possible possible JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 181 27 connection connection NN cord-299731-sis9952k 181 28 between between IN cord-299731-sis9952k 181 29 aging aging NN cord-299731-sis9952k 181 30 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 181 31 metabolism metabolism NN cord-299731-sis9952k 181 32 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 182 1 However however RB cord-299731-sis9952k 182 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 182 3 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 182 4 nutritional nutritional JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 182 5 approach approach NN cord-299731-sis9952k 182 6 for for IN cord-299731-sis9952k 182 7 increasing increase VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 182 8 Sir2 Sir2 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 182 9 activity activity NN cord-299731-sis9952k 182 10 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 182 11 longevity longevity NN cord-299731-sis9952k 182 12 has have VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 182 13 been be VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 182 14 accomplished accomplish VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 182 15 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 182 16 engineered engineer VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 182 17 gene gene NN cord-299731-sis9952k 182 18 overexpression overexpression NN cord-299731-sis9952k 182 19 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 182 20 yeast yeast NN cord-299731-sis9952k 182 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 182 22 115 115 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 182 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 182 24 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 182 25 while while IN cord-299731-sis9952k 182 26 NA NA NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 182 27 failed fail VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 182 28 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 182 29 extend extend VB cord-299731-sis9952k 182 30 lifespan lifespan NN cord-299731-sis9952k 182 31 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 182 32 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 182 33 NAM NAM NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 182 34 shortened shorten VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 182 35 it -PRON- PRP cord-299731-sis9952k 182 36 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 182 37 116 116 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 182 38 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 182 39 117 117 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 182 40 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 182 41 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 183 1 On on IN cord-299731-sis9952k 183 2 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 183 3 other other JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 183 4 hand hand NN cord-299731-sis9952k 183 5 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 183 6 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 183 7 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 183 8 CR CR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 183 9 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 183 10 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 183 11 can can MD cord-299731-sis9952k 183 12 increase increase VB cord-299731-sis9952k 183 13 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 183 14 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 183 15 levels level NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 183 16 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 183 17 Sir2 Sir2 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 183 18 function function NN cord-299731-sis9952k 183 19 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 183 20 while while IN cord-299731-sis9952k 183 21 exogenous exogenous JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 183 22 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 183 23 promotes promote VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 183 24 Sir2-dependent sir2-dependent CD cord-299731-sis9952k 183 25 repression repression NN cord-299731-sis9952k 183 26 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 183 27 recombination recombination NN cord-299731-sis9952k 183 28 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 183 29 improves improve VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 183 30 gene gene NN cord-299731-sis9952k 183 31 silencing silencing NN cord-299731-sis9952k 183 32 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 183 33 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 183 34 extends extend VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 183 35 lifespan lifespan NN cord-299731-sis9952k 183 36 without without IN cord-299731-sis9952k 183 37 calorie calorie NN cord-299731-sis9952k 183 38 restriction restriction NN cord-299731-sis9952k 183 39 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 183 40 11 11 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 183 41 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 183 42 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 184 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-299731-sis9952k 184 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 184 3 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 184 4 mechanism mechanism NN cord-299731-sis9952k 184 5 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 184 6 action action NN cord-299731-sis9952k 184 7 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 184 8 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 184 9 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 184 10 completely completely RB cord-299731-sis9952k 184 11 dependent dependent JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 184 12 on on IN cord-299731-sis9952k 184 13 increased increase VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 184 14 net net NN cord-299731-sis9952k 184 15 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 184 16 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 184 17 synthesis synthesis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 184 18 through through IN cord-299731-sis9952k 184 19 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 184 20 Nrk1 Nrk1 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 184 21 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 184 22 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 184 23 Urh1 Urh1 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 184 24 / / SYM cord-299731-sis9952k 184 25 Pnp1/4 Pnp1/4 VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 184 26 pathways pathway NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 184 27 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 185 1 The the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 185 2 latter latter JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 185 3 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 185 4 Nrk1 Nrk1 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 185 5 independent independent JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 185 6 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 185 7 represents represent VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 185 8 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 185 9 newly newly RB cord-299731-sis9952k 185 10 discovered discover VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 185 11 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 185 12 salvage salvage NN cord-299731-sis9952k 185 13 pathway pathway NN cord-299731-sis9952k 185 14 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 185 15 11 11 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 185 16 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 185 17 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 186 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-299731-sis9952k 186 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 186 3 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 186 4 study study NN cord-299731-sis9952k 186 5 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 186 6 mouse mouse NN cord-299731-sis9952k 186 7 models model NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 186 8 documented document VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 186 9 that that IN cord-299731-sis9952k 186 10 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 186 11 one one CD cord-299731-sis9952k 186 12 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 186 13 day day NN cord-299731-sis9952k 186 14 fast fast NN cord-299731-sis9952k 186 15 increases increase NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 186 16 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 186 17 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 186 18 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 186 19 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 186 20 liver liver NN cord-299731-sis9952k 186 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 186 22 118 118 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 186 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 186 24 whereas whereas IN cord-299731-sis9952k 186 25 CR CR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 186 26 elevates elevate VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 186 27 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 186 28 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 186 29 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 186 30 reduces reduce VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 186 31 NAM NAM NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 186 32 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 186 33 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 186 34 brain brain NN cord-299731-sis9952k 186 35 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 186 36 119 119 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 186 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 186 38 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 187 1 This this DT cord-299731-sis9952k 187 2 implies imply VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 187 3 that that IN cord-299731-sis9952k 187 4 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 187 5 increased increase VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 187 6 levels level NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 187 7 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 187 8 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 187 9 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 187 10 appear appear VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 187 11 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 187 12 mediate mediate VB cord-299731-sis9952k 187 13 several several JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 187 14 beneficial beneficial JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 187 15 effects effect NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 187 16 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 187 17 CR cr NN cord-299731-sis9952k 187 18 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 187 19 supporting support VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 187 20 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 187 21 life life NN cord-299731-sis9952k 187 22 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 187 23 prolonging prolong VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 187 24 effects effect NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 187 25 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 187 26 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 187 27 supplementation supplementation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 187 28 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 188 1 These these DT cord-299731-sis9952k 188 2 effects effect NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 188 3 are be VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 188 4 mediated mediate VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 188 5 via via IN cord-299731-sis9952k 188 6 improvement improvement NN cord-299731-sis9952k 188 7 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 188 8 metabolism metabolism NN cord-299731-sis9952k 188 9 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 188 10 decrease decrease NN cord-299731-sis9952k 188 11 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 188 12 chronic chronic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 188 13 inflammation inflammation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 188 14 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 188 15 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 188 16 hallmark hallmark NN cord-299731-sis9952k 188 17 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 188 18 aging age VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 188 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 188 20 35 35 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 188 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 188 22 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 189 1 Preclinical preclinical JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 189 2 studies study NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 189 3 have have VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 189 4 reported report VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 189 5 that that IN cord-299731-sis9952k 189 6 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 189 7 reduces reduce VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 189 8 macrophage macrophage NN cord-299731-sis9952k 189 9 infiltration infiltration NN cord-299731-sis9952k 189 10 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 189 11 damaged damage VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 189 12 muscles muscle NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 189 13 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 189 14 38 38 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 189 15 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 189 16 112 112 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 189 17 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 189 18 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 189 19 attenuates attenuate VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 189 20 plasma plasma NN cord-299731-sis9952k 189 21 TNF TNF NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 189 22 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 189 23 α α NN cord-299731-sis9952k 189 24 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 189 25 models model NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 189 26 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 189 27 fatty fatty JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 189 28 liver liver NN cord-299731-sis9952k 189 29 disease disease NN cord-299731-sis9952k 189 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 189 31 44 44 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 189 32 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 189 33 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 190 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB cord-299731-sis9952k 190 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 190 3 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 190 4 recent recent JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 190 5 clinical clinical JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 190 6 study study NN cord-299731-sis9952k 190 7 confirmed confirm VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 190 8 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 190 9 availability availability NN cord-299731-sis9952k 190 10 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 190 11 muscular muscular JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 190 12 tissue tissue NN cord-299731-sis9952k 190 13 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 190 14 aged aged JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 190 15 human human JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 190 16 subjects subject NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 190 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 190 18 120 120 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 190 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 190 20 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 190 21 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-299731-sis9952k 190 22 anti anti JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 190 23 - - JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 190 24 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 190 25 effects effect NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 190 26 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 191 1 Namely namely RB cord-299731-sis9952k 191 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 191 3 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 191 4 21-day 21-day CD cord-299731-sis9952k 191 5 supplementation supplementation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 191 6 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 191 7 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 191 8 decreased decrease VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 191 9 numerous numerous JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 191 10 circulating circulate VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 191 11 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 191 12 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 191 13 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 191 14 120 120 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 191 15 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 191 16 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 191 17 implying imply VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 191 18 additional additional JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 191 19 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 191 20 through through IN cord-299731-sis9952k 191 21 which which WDT cord-299731-sis9952k 191 22 NR nr NN cord-299731-sis9952k 191 23 can can MD cord-299731-sis9952k 191 24 potentially potentially RB cord-299731-sis9952k 191 25 modulate modulate VB cord-299731-sis9952k 191 26 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 191 27 aging aging NN cord-299731-sis9952k 191 28 process process NN cord-299731-sis9952k 191 29 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 191 30 thereby thereby RB cord-299731-sis9952k 191 31 exhibit exhibit VB cord-299731-sis9952k 191 32 life life NN cord-299731-sis9952k 191 33 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 191 34 prolonging prolong VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 191 35 effects effect NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 191 36 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 192 1 While while IN cord-299731-sis9952k 192 2 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 192 3 exact exact JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 192 4 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 192 5 through through IN cord-299731-sis9952k 192 6 which which WDT cord-299731-sis9952k 192 7 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 192 8 exerts exert VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 192 9 these these DT cord-299731-sis9952k 192 10 effects effect NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 192 11 remain remain VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 192 12 unclear unclear JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 192 13 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 192 14 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 192 15 apparent apparent JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 192 16 health health NN cord-299731-sis9952k 192 17 benefits benefit NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 192 18 described describe VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 192 19 indicate indicate VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 192 20 positive positive JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 192 21 effects effect NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 192 22 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 192 23 NR nr NN cord-299731-sis9952k 192 24 on on IN cord-299731-sis9952k 192 25 longevity longevity NN cord-299731-sis9952k 192 26 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 193 1 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 193 2 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 193 3 intermediates intermediate NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 193 4 have have VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 193 5 been be VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 193 6 recognized recognize VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 193 7 for for IN cord-299731-sis9952k 193 8 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-299731-sis9952k 193 9 beneficial beneficial JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 193 10 health health NN cord-299731-sis9952k 193 11 effects effect NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 193 12 during during IN cord-299731-sis9952k 193 13 infection infection NN cord-299731-sis9952k 193 14 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 193 15 several several JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 193 16 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 193 17 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 194 1 Studies study NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 194 2 have have VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 194 3 confirmed confirm VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 194 4 antimycobacterial antimycobacterial JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 194 5 effect effect NN cord-299731-sis9952k 194 6 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 194 7 NAM NAM NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 194 8 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 194 9 patients patient NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 194 10 infected infect VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 194 11 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 194 12 Mycobacterium Mycobacterium NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 194 13 tuberculosis tuberculosis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 194 14 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 194 15 121 121 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 194 16 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 194 17 122 122 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 194 18 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 194 19 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 194 20 while while IN cord-299731-sis9952k 194 21 immune immune NN cord-299731-sis9952k 194 22 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 194 23 mediated mediate VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 194 24 elimination elimination NN cord-299731-sis9952k 194 25 was be VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 194 26 reported report VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 194 27 for for IN cord-299731-sis9952k 194 28 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 194 29 aureus aureus NN cord-299731-sis9952k 194 30 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 194 31 including include VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 194 32 MRSA MRSA NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 194 33 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 194 34 other other JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 194 35 major major JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 194 36 human human JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 194 37 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 194 38 such such JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 194 39 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 194 40 Klebsiella Klebsiella NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 194 41 pneumoniae pneumoniae NN cord-299731-sis9952k 194 42 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 194 43 Pseudomonas Pseudomonas NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 194 44 aeruginosa aeruginosa VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 194 45 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 194 46 123 123 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 194 47 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 194 48 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 195 1 In in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 195 2 addition addition NN cord-299731-sis9952k 195 3 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 195 4 NAM NAM NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 195 5 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 195 6 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-299731-sis9952k 195 7 analogues analogue NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 195 8 exhibited exhibit VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 195 9 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 195 10 effect effect NN cord-299731-sis9952k 195 11 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 195 12 patients patient NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 195 13 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 195 14 HIV HIV NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 195 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 195 16 121 121 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 195 17 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 195 18 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 195 19 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 195 20 B B NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 195 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 195 22 124 124 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 195 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 195 24 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 196 1 The the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 196 2 potential potential JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 196 3 treatment treatment NN cord-299731-sis9952k 196 4 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 196 5 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 196 6 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 196 7 intermediates intermediate NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 196 8 has have VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 196 9 been be VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 196 10 recognized recognize VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 196 11 recently recently RB cord-299731-sis9952k 196 12 for for IN cord-299731-sis9952k 196 13 combating combat VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 196 14 COVID-19 covid-19 DT cord-299731-sis9952k 196 15 infection infection NN cord-299731-sis9952k 196 16 that that WDT cord-299731-sis9952k 196 17 currently currently RB cord-299731-sis9952k 196 18 lacks lack VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 196 19 efficient efficient JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 196 20 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 196 21 or or CC cord-299731-sis9952k 196 22 preventive preventive JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 196 23 agents agent NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 196 24 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 196 25 represents represent VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 196 26 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 196 27 global global JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 196 28 concern concern NN cord-299731-sis9952k 196 29 for for IN cord-299731-sis9952k 196 30 public public JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 196 31 health health NN cord-299731-sis9952k 196 32 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 197 1 SARS SARS NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 197 2 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 197 3 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 197 4 infection infection NN cord-299731-sis9952k 197 5 triggers trigger VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 197 6 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 197 7 maladaptive maladaptive JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 197 8 immune immune JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 197 9 response response NN cord-299731-sis9952k 197 10 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 198 1 Notably notably RB cord-299731-sis9952k 198 2 an an DT cord-299731-sis9952k 198 3 exaggerated exaggerated JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 198 4 proinflammatory proinflammatory JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 198 5 response response NN cord-299731-sis9952k 198 6 leading lead VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 198 7 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 198 8 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 198 9 " " `` cord-299731-sis9952k 198 10 cytokine cytokine NN cord-299731-sis9952k 198 11 storm storm NN cord-299731-sis9952k 198 12 " " '' cord-299731-sis9952k 198 13 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 198 14 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 198 15 lung lung NN cord-299731-sis9952k 198 16 tissue tissue NN cord-299731-sis9952k 198 17 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 198 18 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 198 19 lymphopenia lymphopenia VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 198 20 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 198 21 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 198 22 drastic drastic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 198 23 decline decline NN cord-299731-sis9952k 198 24 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 198 25 CD4 CD4 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 198 26 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 198 27 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 198 28 CD8 CD8 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 198 29 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 198 30 T T NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 198 31 cells cell NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 198 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 198 33 125 125 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 198 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 198 35 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 199 1 On on IN cord-299731-sis9952k 199 2 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 199 3 molecular molecular JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 199 4 level level NN cord-299731-sis9952k 199 5 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 199 6 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 199 7 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 199 8 innate innate JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 199 9 immune immune JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 199 10 response response NN cord-299731-sis9952k 199 11 activates activate VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 199 12 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 199 13 fight fight VB cord-299731-sis9952k 199 14 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 199 15 infection infection NN cord-299731-sis9952k 199 16 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 199 17 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 199 18 activation activation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 199 19 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 199 20 PARPs PARPs NNPS cord-299731-sis9952k 199 21 increases increase NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 199 22 due due JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 199 23 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 199 24 extensive extensive JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 199 25 DNA dna NN cord-299731-sis9952k 199 26 damage damage NN cord-299731-sis9952k 199 27 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 199 28 IFN IFN NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 199 29 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 199 30 induced induce VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 199 31 MARylation marylation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 200 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 200 2 mono mono JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 200 3 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 200 4 ADP adp NN cord-299731-sis9952k 200 5 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 200 6 ribosylation ribosylation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 200 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 200 8 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 200 9 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 200 10 target target NN cord-299731-sis9952k 200 11 SARS SARS NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 200 12 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 200 13 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 200 14 proteins protein NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 200 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 200 16 126 126 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 200 17 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 200 18 127 127 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 200 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 200 20 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 201 1 PARPs PARPs NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 201 2 response response NN cord-299731-sis9952k 201 3 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 201 4 required require VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 201 5 for for IN cord-299731-sis9952k 201 6 inhibition inhibition NN cord-299731-sis9952k 201 7 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 201 8 viral viral JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 201 9 replication replication NN cord-299731-sis9952k 201 10 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 201 11 128 128 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 201 12 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 201 13 ; ; : cord-299731-sis9952k 201 14 however however RB cord-299731-sis9952k 201 15 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 201 16 this this DT cord-299731-sis9952k 201 17 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 201 18 effect effect NN cord-299731-sis9952k 201 19 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 201 20 reversed reverse VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 201 21 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 201 22 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 201 23 ADP ADP NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 201 24 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 201 25 ribosylhydrolase ribosylhydrolase NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 201 26 macrodomain macrodomain NN cord-299731-sis9952k 201 27 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 201 28 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 201 29 viral viral JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 201 30 nonstructural nonstructural JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 201 31 protein protein NN cord-299731-sis9952k 201 32 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 201 33 nsp3 nsp3 NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 201 34 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 201 35 whose whose WP$ cord-299731-sis9952k 201 36 activity activity NN cord-299731-sis9952k 201 37 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 201 38 required require VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 201 39 for for IN cord-299731-sis9952k 201 40 virulence virulence NN cord-299731-sis9952k 201 41 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 201 42 126 126 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 201 43 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 201 44 127 127 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 201 45 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 201 46 129 129 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 201 47 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 201 48 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 202 1 In in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 202 2 addition addition NN cord-299731-sis9952k 202 3 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 202 4 nsp10 nsp10 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 202 5 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 202 6 SARS SARS NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 202 7 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 202 8 CoV CoV NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 202 9 was be VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 202 10 found find VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 202 11 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 202 12 inhibit inhibit VB cord-299731-sis9952k 202 13 electron electron NN cord-299731-sis9952k 202 14 transport transport NN cord-299731-sis9952k 202 15 at at IN cord-299731-sis9952k 202 16 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 202 17 NADH NADH NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 202 18 site site NN cord-299731-sis9952k 202 19 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 202 20 complex complex JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 202 21 I -PRON- PRP cord-299731-sis9952k 202 22 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 202 23 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 202 24 mitochondrial mitochondrial JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 202 25 electron electron NN cord-299731-sis9952k 202 26 transport transport NN cord-299731-sis9952k 202 27 chain chain NN cord-299731-sis9952k 202 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 202 29 130 130 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 202 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 202 31 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 202 32 suggesting suggest VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 202 33 that that IN cord-299731-sis9952k 202 34 key key JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 202 35 events event NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 202 36 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 202 37 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 202 38 innate innate JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 202 39 immune immune JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 202 40 response response NN cord-299731-sis9952k 202 41 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 202 42 viral viral JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 202 43 infections infection NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 202 44 are be VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 202 45 occurring occur VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 202 46 within within IN cord-299731-sis9952k 202 47 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 202 48 infected infected JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 202 49 cell cell NN cord-299731-sis9952k 202 50 's 's POS cord-299731-sis9952k 202 51 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 202 52 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 202 53 metabolome metabolome NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 202 54 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 202 55 131 131 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 202 56 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 202 57 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 203 1 Recent recent JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 203 2 study study NN cord-299731-sis9952k 203 3 investigated investigate VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 203 4 PARPs PARPs JJR cord-299731-sis9952k 203 5 expression expression NN cord-299731-sis9952k 203 6 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 203 7 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 203 8 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 203 9 metabolome metabolome NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 203 10 dysregulation dysregulation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 203 11 due due IN cord-299731-sis9952k 203 12 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 203 13 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-299731-sis9952k 203 14 infection infection NN cord-299731-sis9952k 203 15 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 204 1 The the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 204 2 examined examine VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 204 3 SARS SARS NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 204 4 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 204 5 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 204 6 infected infected JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 204 7 cell cell NN cord-299731-sis9952k 204 8 lines line NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 204 9 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 204 10 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 204 11 ferret ferret NN cord-299731-sis9952k 204 12 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 204 13 deceased deceased JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 204 14 patients patient NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 204 15 ' ' POS cord-299731-sis9952k 204 16 lungs lung NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 204 17 showed show VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 204 18 disturbed disturb VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 204 19 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 204 20 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 204 21 metabolism metabolism NN cord-299731-sis9952k 204 22 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 204 23 gene gene NN cord-299731-sis9952k 204 24 expression expression NN cord-299731-sis9952k 204 25 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 204 26 respect respect NN cord-299731-sis9952k 204 27 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 204 28 synthesis synthesis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 204 29 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 204 30 utilization utilization NN cord-299731-sis9952k 204 31 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 204 32 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 204 33 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 204 34 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 204 35 131 131 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 204 36 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 204 37 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 205 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-299731-sis9952k 205 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 205 3 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 205 4 expression expression NN cord-299731-sis9952k 205 5 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 205 6 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 205 7 NMRK1 NMRK1 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 205 8 pathway pathway NN cord-299731-sis9952k 205 9 was be VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 205 10 upregulated upregulate VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 205 11 together together RB cord-299731-sis9952k 205 12 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 205 13 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 205 14 expression expression NN cord-299731-sis9952k 205 15 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 205 16 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 205 17 concentrative concentrative JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 205 18 nucleoside nucleoside NN cord-299731-sis9952k 205 19 transporter transporter NN cord-299731-sis9952k 205 20 CNT3 CNT3 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 205 21 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 205 22 indicating indicate VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 205 23 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 205 24 higher high JJR cord-299731-sis9952k 205 25 capacity capacity NN cord-299731-sis9952k 205 26 for for IN cord-299731-sis9952k 205 27 NR nr NN cord-299731-sis9952k 205 28 conversion conversion NN cord-299731-sis9952k 205 29 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 205 30 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 205 31 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 205 32 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 205 33 NADP NADP NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 206 1 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 206 2 during during IN cord-299731-sis9952k 206 3 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 206 4 infection infection NN cord-299731-sis9952k 206 5 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 206 6 10 10 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 206 7 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 206 8 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 207 1 An an DT cord-299731-sis9952k 207 2 upregulation upregulation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 207 3 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 207 4 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 207 5 NMRK NMRK NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 207 6 gene gene NN cord-299731-sis9952k 207 7 was be VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 207 8 previously previously RB cord-299731-sis9952k 207 9 associated associate VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 207 10 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 207 11 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 207 12 efficacy efficacy NN cord-299731-sis9952k 207 13 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 207 14 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 207 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 207 16 66 66 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 207 17 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 207 18 105 105 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 207 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 207 20 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 208 1 In in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 208 2 addition addition NN cord-299731-sis9952k 208 3 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 208 4 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 208 5 expression expression NN cord-299731-sis9952k 208 6 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 208 7 NNMT NNMT NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 208 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 208 9 nicotinamide nicotinamide NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 208 10 N n NN cord-299731-sis9952k 208 11 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 208 12 methyltransferase methyltransferase NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 208 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 208 14 was be VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 208 15 decreased decrease VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 208 16 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 208 17 131 131 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 208 18 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 208 19 due due IN cord-299731-sis9952k 208 20 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 208 21 lower lower VB cord-299731-sis9952k 208 22 NAM NAM NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 208 23 methylation methylation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 208 24 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 208 25 suggesting suggest VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 208 26 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 208 27 promotion promotion NN cord-299731-sis9952k 208 28 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 208 29 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 208 30 NAM NAM NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 208 31 salvage salvage NN cord-299731-sis9952k 208 32 pathway pathway NN cord-299731-sis9952k 208 33 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 208 34 132 132 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 208 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 208 36 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 208 37 increased increase VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 208 38 efficiency efficiency NN cord-299731-sis9952k 208 39 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 208 40 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 208 41 treatment treatment NN cord-299731-sis9952k 208 42 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 208 43 replenish replenish VB cord-299731-sis9952k 208 44 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 208 45 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 208 46 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 208 47 131 131 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 208 48 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 208 49 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 209 1 These these DT cord-299731-sis9952k 209 2 data datum NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 209 3 indicate indicate VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 209 4 that that IN cord-299731-sis9952k 209 5 boosting boost VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 209 6 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 209 7 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 209 8 content content NN cord-299731-sis9952k 209 9 through through IN cord-299731-sis9952k 209 10 NAM NAM NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 209 11 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 209 12 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 209 13 kinase kinase NN cord-299731-sis9952k 209 14 pathways pathway NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 209 15 may may MD cord-299731-sis9952k 209 16 restore restore VB cord-299731-sis9952k 209 17 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 209 18 PARPs parp NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 209 19 functions function NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 209 20 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 209 21 support support VB cord-299731-sis9952k 209 22 innate innate JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 209 23 immunity immunity NN cord-299731-sis9952k 209 24 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 209 25 SARS SARS NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 209 26 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 209 27 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 209 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 209 29 131 131 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 209 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 209 31 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 210 1 Upon upon IN cord-299731-sis9952k 210 2 activation activation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 210 3 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 210 4 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 210 5 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 210 6 immune immune JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 210 7 response response NN cord-299731-sis9952k 210 8 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 210 9 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 210 10 overexpression overexpression NN cord-299731-sis9952k 210 11 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 210 12 CD38 CD38 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 210 13 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 210 14 both both DT cord-299731-sis9952k 210 15 CD4 CD4 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 210 16 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 210 17 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 210 18 CD8 CD8 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 210 19 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 210 20 lymphocytes lymphocytes NN cord-299731-sis9952k 210 21 further further RB cord-299731-sis9952k 210 22 exaggerates exaggerate VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 210 23 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 210 24 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 210 25 depletion depletion NN cord-299731-sis9952k 210 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 210 27 133 133 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 210 28 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 210 29 134 134 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 210 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 210 31 leading lead VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 210 32 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 210 33 increased increase VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 210 34 production production NN cord-299731-sis9952k 210 35 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 210 36 release release NN cord-299731-sis9952k 210 37 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 210 38 proinflammatory proinflammatory JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 210 39 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 210 40 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 210 41 reactive reactive JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 210 42 oxygen oxygen NN cord-299731-sis9952k 210 43 species specie NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 210 44 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 210 45 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 210 46 macrophage macrophage NN cord-299731-sis9952k 210 47 infiltration infiltration NN cord-299731-sis9952k 210 48 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 210 49 135 135 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 210 50 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 210 51 136 136 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 210 52 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 210 53 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 211 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-299731-sis9952k 211 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 211 3 drastic drastic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 211 4 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 211 5 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 211 6 depletion depletion NN cord-299731-sis9952k 211 7 impairs impair VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 211 8 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 211 9 function function NN cord-299731-sis9952k 211 10 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 211 11 sirtuins sirtuin NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 211 12 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 211 13 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 211 14 regulators regulator NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 211 15 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 211 16 cell cell NN cord-299731-sis9952k 211 17 death death NN cord-299731-sis9952k 211 18 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 211 19 viability viability NN cord-299731-sis9952k 211 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 211 21 133 133 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 211 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 211 23 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 212 1 Specifically specifically RB cord-299731-sis9952k 212 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 212 3 SIRT1 SIRT1 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 212 4 regulates regulate VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 212 5 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 212 6 expression expression NN cord-299731-sis9952k 212 7 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 212 8 genes gene NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 212 9 including include VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 212 10 tumor tumor NN cord-299731-sis9952k 212 11 suppressors suppressor NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 212 12 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 212 13 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 212 14 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 212 15 proto proto NN cord-299731-sis9952k 212 16 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 212 17 oncogenes oncogene NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 212 18 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 212 19 ultimately ultimately RB cord-299731-sis9952k 212 20 modulates modulate VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 212 21 inflammation inflammation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 212 22 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 212 23 cell cell NN cord-299731-sis9952k 212 24 survival survival NN cord-299731-sis9952k 212 25 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 212 26 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 212 27 apoptosis apoptosis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 212 28 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 212 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 212 30 137 137 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 212 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 212 32 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 213 1 Loss loss NN cord-299731-sis9952k 213 2 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 213 3 sirtuin sirtuin NN cord-299731-sis9952k 213 4 function function NN cord-299731-sis9952k 213 5 along along IN cord-299731-sis9952k 213 6 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 213 7 increased increase VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 213 8 oxidative oxidative JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 213 9 damage damage NN cord-299731-sis9952k 213 10 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 213 11 an an DT cord-299731-sis9952k 213 12 overall overall JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 213 13 energy energy NN cord-299731-sis9952k 213 14 decrease decrease NN cord-299731-sis9952k 213 15 finally finally RB cord-299731-sis9952k 213 16 culminates culminate VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 213 17 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 213 18 cell cell NN cord-299731-sis9952k 213 19 death death NN cord-299731-sis9952k 213 20 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 214 1 Replenishment replenishment NN cord-299731-sis9952k 214 2 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 214 3 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 214 4 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 214 5 body body NN cord-299731-sis9952k 214 6 content content NN cord-299731-sis9952k 214 7 could could MD cord-299731-sis9952k 214 8 restore restore VB cord-299731-sis9952k 214 9 energy energy NN cord-299731-sis9952k 214 10 levels level NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 214 11 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 214 12 impaired impair VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 214 13 sirtuin sirtuin NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 214 14 function function NN cord-299731-sis9952k 214 15 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 214 16 possibly possibly RB cord-299731-sis9952k 214 17 rebalance rebalance VB cord-299731-sis9952k 214 18 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 214 19 maladaptive maladaptive JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 214 20 immune immune JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 214 21 response response NN cord-299731-sis9952k 214 22 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 214 23 SARS SARS NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 214 24 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 214 25 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 214 26 infection infection NN cord-299731-sis9952k 214 27 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 215 1 Namely namely RB cord-299731-sis9952k 215 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 215 3 both both DT cord-299731-sis9952k 215 4 SARS SARS NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 215 5 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 215 6 CoV CoV NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 215 7 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 215 8 SARS SARS NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 215 9 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 215 10 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 215 11 induce induce VB cord-299731-sis9952k 215 12 maladaptive maladaptive JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 215 13 hyperinflammation hyperinflammation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 215 14 followed follow VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 215 15 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 215 16 increased increase VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 215 17 leucocyte leucocyte JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 215 18 infiltration infiltration NN cord-299731-sis9952k 215 19 into into IN cord-299731-sis9952k 215 20 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 215 21 lungs lung NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 215 22 resulting result VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 215 23 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 215 24 extensive extensive JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 215 25 tissue tissue NN cord-299731-sis9952k 215 26 damage damage NN cord-299731-sis9952k 215 27 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 215 28 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 215 29 organ organ NN cord-299731-sis9952k 215 30 failure failure NN cord-299731-sis9952k 215 31 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 215 32 reduced reduce VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 215 33 lung lung NN cord-299731-sis9952k 215 34 capacity capacity NN cord-299731-sis9952k 215 35 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 215 36 138 138 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 215 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 215 38 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 215 39 139 139 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 215 40 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 215 41 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 215 42 140 140 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 215 43 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 215 44 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 216 1 Emerging emerge VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 216 2 evidence evidence NN cord-299731-sis9952k 216 3 has have VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 216 4 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 216 5 that that IN cord-299731-sis9952k 216 6 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 216 7 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 216 8 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 216 9 released release VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 216 10 during during IN cord-299731-sis9952k 216 11 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 216 12 early early JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 216 13 phase phase NN cord-299731-sis9952k 216 14 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 216 15 inflammation inflammation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 216 16 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 216 17 has have VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 216 18 an an DT cord-299731-sis9952k 216 19 immunoregulatory immunoregulatory JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 216 20 role role NN cord-299731-sis9952k 216 21 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 216 22 vivo vivo NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 216 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 216 24 141 141 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 216 25 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 216 26 142 142 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 216 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 216 28 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 217 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-299731-sis9952k 217 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 217 3 niacin niacin NN cord-299731-sis9952k 217 4 was be VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 217 5 previously previously RB cord-299731-sis9952k 217 6 suggested suggest VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 217 7 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 217 8 an an DT cord-299731-sis9952k 217 9 anti anti JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 217 10 - - JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 217 11 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 217 12 therapy therapy NN cord-299731-sis9952k 217 13 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 217 14 one one CD cord-299731-sis9952k 217 15 preclinical preclinical JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 217 16 study study NN cord-299731-sis9952k 217 17 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 217 18 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 217 19 potent potent JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 217 20 agent agent NN cord-299731-sis9952k 217 21 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 217 22 decrease decrease VB cord-299731-sis9952k 217 23 proinflammatory proinflammatory JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 217 24 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 217 25 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 217 26 including include VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 217 27 IL-1 IL-1 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 217 28 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 217 29 IL-6 IL-6 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 217 30 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 217 31 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 217 32 TNFα TNFα NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 217 33 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 217 34 143 143 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 217 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 217 36 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 218 1 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 218 2 can can MD cord-299731-sis9952k 218 3 similarly similarly RB cord-299731-sis9952k 218 4 decrease decrease VB cord-299731-sis9952k 218 5 IL-2 il-2 NN cord-299731-sis9952k 218 6 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 218 7 IL-5 IL-5 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 218 8 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 218 9 IL-6 IL-6 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 218 10 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 218 11 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 218 12 TNFα TNFα NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 218 13 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 218 14 120 120 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 218 15 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 218 16 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 219 1 Targeting Targeting NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 219 2 IL-6 IL-6 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 219 3 has have VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 219 4 been be VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 219 5 recently recently RB cord-299731-sis9952k 219 6 proposed propose VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 219 7 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 219 8 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 219 9 promising promising JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 219 10 treatment treatment NN cord-299731-sis9952k 219 11 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 219 12 block block VB cord-299731-sis9952k 219 13 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 219 14 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 219 15 storm storm NN cord-299731-sis9952k 219 16 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 219 17 especially especially RB cord-299731-sis9952k 219 18 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 219 19 severe severe JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 219 20 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 219 21 patients patient NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 219 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 219 23 132 132 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 219 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 219 25 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 220 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-299731-sis9952k 220 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 220 3 niacin niacin NN cord-299731-sis9952k 220 4 might may MD cord-299731-sis9952k 220 5 also also RB cord-299731-sis9952k 220 6 decrease decrease VB cord-299731-sis9952k 220 7 neutrophil neutrophil NN cord-299731-sis9952k 220 8 infiltration infiltration NN cord-299731-sis9952k 220 9 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 220 10 while while IN cord-299731-sis9952k 220 11 exhibiting exhibit VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 220 12 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 220 13 prolonged prolonged JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 220 14 anti anti JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 220 15 - - JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 220 16 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 220 17 effect effect NN cord-299731-sis9952k 220 18 during during IN cord-299731-sis9952k 220 19 ventilator ventilator NN cord-299731-sis9952k 220 20 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 220 21 induced induce VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 220 22 lung lung NN cord-299731-sis9952k 220 23 injury injury NN cord-299731-sis9952k 220 24 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 221 1 However however RB cord-299731-sis9952k 221 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 221 3 niacin niacin NN cord-299731-sis9952k 221 4 exacerbated exacerbate VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 221 5 hypoxemia hypoxemia NN cord-299731-sis9952k 221 6 regardless regardless RB cord-299731-sis9952k 221 7 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 221 8 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 221 9 neutrophil neutrophil NN cord-299731-sis9952k 221 10 infiltration infiltration NN cord-299731-sis9952k 221 11 decrease decrease NN cord-299731-sis9952k 221 12 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 221 13 suggesting suggest VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 221 14 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 221 15 different different JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 221 16 cause cause NN cord-299731-sis9952k 221 17 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 221 18 hypoxemia hypoxemia NN cord-299731-sis9952k 221 19 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 221 20 independent independent JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 221 21 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 221 22 neutrophil neutrophil NN cord-299731-sis9952k 221 23 decline decline NN cord-299731-sis9952k 221 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 221 25 144 144 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 221 26 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 221 27 145 145 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 221 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 221 29 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 221 30 which which WDT cord-299731-sis9952k 221 31 requires require VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 221 32 further further JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 221 33 investigation investigation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 221 34 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 222 1 In in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 222 2 addition addition NN cord-299731-sis9952k 222 3 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 222 4 high high JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 222 5 efficiency efficiency NN cord-299731-sis9952k 222 6 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 222 7 vitamin vitamin NN cord-299731-sis9952k 222 8 B3 b3 NN cord-299731-sis9952k 222 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 222 10 niacin niacin NN cord-299731-sis9952k 222 11 or or CC cord-299731-sis9952k 222 12 nicotinamide nicotinamide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 222 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 222 14 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 222 15 preventing prevent VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 222 16 lung lung NN cord-299731-sis9952k 222 17 tissue tissue NN cord-299731-sis9952k 222 18 damage damage NN cord-299731-sis9952k 222 19 was be VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 222 20 confirmed confirm VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 222 21 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 222 22 several several JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 222 23 animal animal NN cord-299731-sis9952k 222 24 models model NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 222 25 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 222 26 bleomycin bleomycin NN cord-299731-sis9952k 222 27 - - : cord-299731-sis9952k 222 28 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 222 29 LPS LPS NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 222 30 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 222 31 induced induce VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 222 32 lung lung NN cord-299731-sis9952k 222 33 injury injury NN cord-299731-sis9952k 222 34 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 222 35 146 146 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 222 36 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 222 37 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 222 38 147 147 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 222 39 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 222 40 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 222 41 148 148 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 222 42 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 222 43 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 223 1 Considering consider VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 223 2 vitamin vitamin NN cord-299731-sis9952k 223 3 B3 b3 NN cord-299731-sis9952k 223 4 s s POS cord-299731-sis9952k 223 5 strong strong JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 223 6 lung lung NN cord-299731-sis9952k 223 7 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 223 8 protective protective JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 223 9 effects effect NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 223 10 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 223 11 it -PRON- PRP cord-299731-sis9952k 223 12 has have VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 223 13 been be VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 223 14 proposed propose VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 223 15 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 223 16 an an DT cord-299731-sis9952k 223 17 early early JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 223 18 treatment treatment NN cord-299731-sis9952k 223 19 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 223 20 supporting support VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 223 21 agent agent NN cord-299731-sis9952k 223 22 against against IN cord-299731-sis9952k 223 23 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 223 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 223 25 146 146 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 223 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 223 27 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 224 1 This this DT cord-299731-sis9952k 224 2 implies imply VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 224 3 that that IN cord-299731-sis9952k 224 4 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 224 5 should should MD cord-299731-sis9952k 224 6 be be VB cord-299731-sis9952k 224 7 considered consider VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 224 8 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 224 9 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 224 10 potential potential JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 224 11 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 224 12 or or CC cord-299731-sis9952k 224 13 supporting support VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 224 14 agent agent NN cord-299731-sis9952k 224 15 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 224 16 reduce reduce VB cord-299731-sis9952k 224 17 hyperinflammation hyperinflammation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 224 18 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 224 19 regenerate regenerate VB cord-299731-sis9952k 224 20 damaged damaged JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 224 21 lung lung NN cord-299731-sis9952k 224 22 tissue tissue NN cord-299731-sis9952k 224 23 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 225 1 The the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 225 2 bioavailability bioavailability NN cord-299731-sis9952k 225 3 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 225 4 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 225 5 can can MD cord-299731-sis9952k 225 6 be be VB cord-299731-sis9952k 225 7 tested test VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 225 8 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 225 9 measuring measure VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 225 10 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 226 1 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 226 2 levels level NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 226 3 or or CC cord-299731-sis9952k 226 4 other other JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 226 5 relevant relevant JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 226 6 biomarkers biomarker NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 226 7 such such JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 226 8 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 226 9 nicotinic nicotinic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 226 10 acid acid NN cord-299731-sis9952k 226 11 adenine adenine NN cord-299731-sis9952k 226 12 dinucleotide dinucleotide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 226 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 226 14 NAAD NAAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 226 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 226 16 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 226 17 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 226 18 cells cell NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 226 19 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 226 20 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 226 21 target target NN cord-299731-sis9952k 226 22 tissue tissue NN cord-299731-sis9952k 226 23 or or CC cord-299731-sis9952k 226 24 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 226 25 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 226 26 blood blood NN cord-299731-sis9952k 226 27 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 227 1 Throughout throughout IN cord-299731-sis9952k 227 2 numerous numerous JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 227 3 observations observation NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 227 4 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 227 5 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 227 6 wide wide JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 227 7 variety variety NN cord-299731-sis9952k 227 8 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 227 9 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 227 10 cell cell NN cord-299731-sis9952k 227 11 lines line NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 227 12 including include VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 227 13 liver liver NN cord-299731-sis9952k 227 14 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 227 15 skeletal skeletal JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 227 16 muscles muscle NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 227 17 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 227 18 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 227 19 brown brown JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 227 20 adipose adipose JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 227 21 tissue tissue NN cord-299731-sis9952k 227 22 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 227 23 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 227 24 was be VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 227 25 documented document VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 227 26 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 227 27 enhance enhance VB cord-299731-sis9952k 227 28 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 228 1 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 228 2 levels level NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 228 3 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 228 4 37 37 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 228 5 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 228 6 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 229 1 Conversely conversely RB cord-299731-sis9952k 229 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 229 3 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 229 4 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 229 5 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 229 6 levels level NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 229 7 did do VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 229 8 not not RB cord-299731-sis9952k 229 9 significantly significantly RB cord-299731-sis9952k 229 10 increase increase VB cord-299731-sis9952k 229 11 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 229 12 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 229 13 brain brain NN cord-299731-sis9952k 229 14 or or CC cord-299731-sis9952k 229 15 white white JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 229 16 adipose adipose JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 229 17 tissue tissue NN cord-299731-sis9952k 229 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 229 19 37 37 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 229 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 229 21 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 230 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-299731-sis9952k 230 2 was be VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 230 3 suggested suggest VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 230 4 that that IN cord-299731-sis9952k 230 5 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 230 6 observed observed JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 230 7 differences difference NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 230 8 are be VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 230 9 caused cause VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 230 10 due due IN cord-299731-sis9952k 230 11 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 230 12 differential differential JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 230 13 Nmrk Nmrk NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 230 14 expression expression NN cord-299731-sis9952k 230 15 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 230 16 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 230 17 specific specific JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 230 18 tissues tissue NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 230 19 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 231 1 While while IN cord-299731-sis9952k 231 2 Nmrk1 Nmrk1 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 231 3 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 231 4 expressed express VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 231 5 ubiquitously ubiquitously RB cord-299731-sis9952k 231 6 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 231 7 Nmrk2 Nmrk2 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 231 8 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 231 9 mainly mainly RB cord-299731-sis9952k 231 10 expressed express VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 231 11 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 231 12 cardiac cardiac JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 231 13 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 231 14 skeletal skeletal JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 231 15 muscles muscle NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 231 16 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 231 17 but but CC cord-299731-sis9952k 231 18 also also RB cord-299731-sis9952k 231 19 detectable detectable JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 231 20 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 231 21 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 231 22 liver liver NN cord-299731-sis9952k 231 23 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 231 24 brown brown JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 231 25 adipose adipose JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 231 26 tissue tissue NN cord-299731-sis9952k 231 27 which which WDT cord-299731-sis9952k 231 28 might may MD cord-299731-sis9952k 231 29 explain explain VB cord-299731-sis9952k 231 30 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 231 31 better well JJR cord-299731-sis9952k 231 32 ability ability NN cord-299731-sis9952k 231 33 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 231 34 these these DT cord-299731-sis9952k 231 35 tissues tissue NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 231 36 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 231 37 respond respond VB cord-299731-sis9952k 231 38 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 231 39 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 231 40 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 232 1 On on IN cord-299731-sis9952k 232 2 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 232 3 other other JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 232 4 hand hand NN cord-299731-sis9952k 232 5 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 232 6 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 232 7 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 232 8 very very RB cord-299731-sis9952k 232 9 unstable unstable JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 232 10 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 232 11 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 232 12 blood blood NN cord-299731-sis9952k 232 13 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 232 14 which which WDT cord-299731-sis9952k 232 15 makes make VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 232 16 it -PRON- PRP cord-299731-sis9952k 232 17 difficult difficult JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 232 18 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 232 19 measure measure VB cord-299731-sis9952k 232 20 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 232 21 detect detect VB cord-299731-sis9952k 232 22 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 233 1 Despite despite IN cord-299731-sis9952k 233 2 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-299731-sis9952k 233 3 instability instability NN cord-299731-sis9952k 233 4 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 233 5 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 233 6 development development NN cord-299731-sis9952k 233 7 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 233 8 reliable reliable JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 233 9 methods method NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 233 10 for for IN cord-299731-sis9952k 233 11 collection collection NN cord-299731-sis9952k 233 12 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 233 13 processing processing NN cord-299731-sis9952k 233 14 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 233 15 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 233 16 measuring measuring NN cord-299731-sis9952k 233 17 has have VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 233 18 enabled enable VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 233 19 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 233 20 determination determination NN cord-299731-sis9952k 233 21 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 233 22 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 233 23 pharmacokinetic pharmacokinetic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 233 24 profile profile NN cord-299731-sis9952k 233 25 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 233 26 orally orally RB cord-299731-sis9952k 233 27 administered administer VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 233 28 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 233 29 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 234 1 The the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 234 2 study study NN cord-299731-sis9952k 234 3 conducted conduct VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 234 4 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 234 5 both both DT cord-299731-sis9952k 234 6 healthy healthy JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 234 7 human human JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 234 8 volunteers volunteer NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 234 9 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 234 10 mice mouse NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 234 11 reported report VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 234 12 that that IN cord-299731-sis9952k 234 13 an an DT cord-299731-sis9952k 234 14 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 234 15 dose dose NN cord-299731-sis9952k 234 16 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 234 17 1000 1000 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 234 18 mg mg NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 234 19 twice twice RB cord-299731-sis9952k 234 20 daily daily JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 234 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 234 22 2000 2000 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 234 23 mg mg NN cord-299731-sis9952k 234 24 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 234 25 total total NN cord-299731-sis9952k 234 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 234 27 can can MD cord-299731-sis9952k 234 28 significantly significantly RB cord-299731-sis9952k 234 29 increase increase VB cord-299731-sis9952k 234 30 steady steady JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 234 31 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 234 32 state state NN cord-299731-sis9952k 234 33 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 234 34 whole whole JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 234 35 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 234 36 blood blood NN cord-299731-sis9952k 234 37 levels level NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 234 38 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 234 39 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 234 40 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 234 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 234 42 up up IN cord-299731-sis9952k 234 43 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 234 44 2.7 2.7 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 234 45 fold fold VB cord-299731-sis9952k 234 46 after after IN cord-299731-sis9952k 234 47 one one CD cord-299731-sis9952k 234 48 dose dose NN cord-299731-sis9952k 234 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 234 50 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 234 51 149 149 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 234 52 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 234 53 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 234 54 effectively effectively RB cord-299731-sis9952k 234 55 stimulate stimulate VB cord-299731-sis9952k 234 56 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 234 57 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 234 58 metabolism metabolism NN cord-299731-sis9952k 234 59 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 234 60 39 39 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 234 61 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 234 62 149 149 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 234 63 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 234 64 150 150 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 234 65 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 234 66 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 235 1 The the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 235 2 studies study NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 235 3 also also RB cord-299731-sis9952k 235 4 confirmed confirm VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 235 5 that that IN cord-299731-sis9952k 235 6 measurable measurable JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 235 7 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 235 8 biological biological JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 235 9 effects effect NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 235 10 on on IN cord-299731-sis9952k 235 11 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 235 12 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 235 13 levels level NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 235 14 can can MD cord-299731-sis9952k 235 15 be be VB cord-299731-sis9952k 235 16 achieved achieve VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 235 17 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 235 18 chronic chronic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 235 19 oral oral JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 235 20 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 235 21 supplementation supplementation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 235 22 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 235 23 no no DT cord-299731-sis9952k 235 24 serious serious JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 235 25 adverse adverse JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 235 26 effects effect NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 235 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 235 28 39 39 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 235 29 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 235 30 150 150 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 235 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 235 32 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 236 1 Specifically specifically RB cord-299731-sis9952k 236 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 236 3 there there EX cord-299731-sis9952k 236 4 were be VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 236 5 no no DT cord-299731-sis9952k 236 6 severe severe JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 236 7 side side NN cord-299731-sis9952k 236 8 effects effect NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 236 9 reported report VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 236 10 such such JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 236 11 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 236 12 flushing flushing NN cord-299731-sis9952k 236 13 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 236 14 pruritus pruritus NN cord-299731-sis9952k 236 15 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 236 16 hyperglycemia hyperglycemia NN cord-299731-sis9952k 236 17 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 236 18 hyperuricemia hyperuricemia NN cord-299731-sis9952k 236 19 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 236 20 or or CC cord-299731-sis9952k 236 21 increased increase VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 236 22 enzyme enzyme NN cord-299731-sis9952k 236 23 activity activity NN cord-299731-sis9952k 236 24 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 236 25 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 236 26 liver liver NN cord-299731-sis9952k 236 27 or or CC cord-299731-sis9952k 236 28 muscle muscle NN cord-299731-sis9952k 236 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 236 30 149 149 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 236 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 236 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 236 33 150 150 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 236 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 236 35 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 236 36 151 151 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 236 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 236 38 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 236 39 152 152 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 236 40 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 236 41 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 237 1 However however RB cord-299731-sis9952k 237 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 237 3 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 237 4 blood blood NN cord-299731-sis9952k 237 5 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 238 1 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 238 2 response response NN cord-299731-sis9952k 238 3 did do VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 238 4 not not RB cord-299731-sis9952k 238 5 appear appear VB cord-299731-sis9952k 238 6 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 238 7 correlate correlate VB cord-299731-sis9952k 238 8 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 238 9 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 238 10 absorption absorption NN cord-299731-sis9952k 238 11 pattern pattern NN cord-299731-sis9952k 238 12 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 238 13 NR nr NN cord-299731-sis9952k 238 14 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 238 15 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 238 16 peak peak NN cord-299731-sis9952k 238 17 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 238 18 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 239 1 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 240 1 increase increase NN cord-299731-sis9952k 240 2 was be VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 240 3 reached reach VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 240 4 after after IN cord-299731-sis9952k 240 5 9 9 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 240 6 days day NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 240 7 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 240 8 150 150 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 240 9 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 240 10 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 241 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-299731-sis9952k 241 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 241 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-299731-sis9952k 241 4 was be VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 241 5 suggested suggest VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 241 6 that that IN cord-299731-sis9952k 241 7 repeated repeat VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 241 8 dosing dosing NN cord-299731-sis9952k 241 9 would would MD cord-299731-sis9952k 241 10 be be VB cord-299731-sis9952k 241 11 required require VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 241 12 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 241 13 prevent prevent VB cord-299731-sis9952k 241 14 wide wide JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 241 15 fluctuations fluctuation NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 241 16 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 241 17 body body NN cord-299731-sis9952k 241 18 levels level NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 241 19 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 241 20 NR nr NN cord-299731-sis9952k 241 21 due due IN cord-299731-sis9952k 241 22 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 241 23 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 241 24 relatively relatively RB cord-299731-sis9952k 241 25 short short JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 241 26 elimination elimination NN cord-299731-sis9952k 241 27 half half JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 241 28 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 241 29 life life NN cord-299731-sis9952k 241 30 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 241 31 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 241 32 observed observe VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 241 33 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 241 34 several several JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 241 35 subjects subject NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 241 36 ; ; : cord-299731-sis9952k 241 37 however however RB cord-299731-sis9952k 241 38 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 241 39 continuous continuous JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 241 40 blood blood NN cord-299731-sis9952k 241 41 levels level NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 241 42 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 241 43 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 241 44 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 241 45 suggest suggest VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 241 46 that that IN cord-299731-sis9952k 241 47 twice twice RB cord-299731-sis9952k 241 48 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 241 49 daily daily NN cord-299731-sis9952k 241 50 or or CC cord-299731-sis9952k 241 51 even even RB cord-299731-sis9952k 241 52 once once RB cord-299731-sis9952k 241 53 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 241 54 daily daily RB cord-299731-sis9952k 241 55 dosing dosing NN cord-299731-sis9952k 241 56 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 241 57 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 241 58 may may MD cord-299731-sis9952k 241 59 be be VB cord-299731-sis9952k 241 60 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 241 61 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 241 62 achieve achieve VB cord-299731-sis9952k 241 63 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 241 64 desired desire VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 241 65 clinical clinical JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 241 66 outcome outcome NN cord-299731-sis9952k 241 67 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 241 68 150 150 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 241 69 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 241 70 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 242 1 On on IN cord-299731-sis9952k 242 2 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 242 3 other other JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 242 4 hand hand NN cord-299731-sis9952k 242 5 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 242 6 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 242 7 apparent apparent JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 242 8 oral oral JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 242 9 bioavailability bioavailability NN cord-299731-sis9952k 242 10 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 242 11 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 242 12 1000 1000 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 242 13 mg mg NN cord-299731-sis9952k 242 14 dose dose NN cord-299731-sis9952k 242 15 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 242 16 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 242 17 was be VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 242 18 highly highly RB cord-299731-sis9952k 242 19 variable variable JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 242 20 among among IN cord-299731-sis9952k 242 21 individuals individual NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 242 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 242 23 150 150 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 242 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 242 25 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 243 1 The the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 243 2 instability instability NN cord-299731-sis9952k 243 3 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 243 4 NR nr NN cord-299731-sis9952k 243 5 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 243 6 blood blood NN cord-299731-sis9952k 243 7 samples sample NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 243 8 observed observe VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 243 9 across across IN cord-299731-sis9952k 243 10 several several JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 243 11 studies study NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 243 12 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 243 13 150 150 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 243 14 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 243 15 153 153 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 243 16 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 243 17 could could MD cord-299731-sis9952k 243 18 be be VB cord-299731-sis9952k 243 19 one one CD cord-299731-sis9952k 243 20 contributing contribute VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 243 21 factor factor NN cord-299731-sis9952k 243 22 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 243 23 although although IN cord-299731-sis9952k 243 24 it -PRON- PRP cord-299731-sis9952k 243 25 can can MD cord-299731-sis9952k 243 26 not not RB cord-299731-sis9952k 243 27 completely completely RB cord-299731-sis9952k 243 28 explain explain VB cord-299731-sis9952k 243 29 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 243 30 observed observed JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 243 31 variability variability NN cord-299731-sis9952k 243 32 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 244 1 Another another DT cord-299731-sis9952k 244 2 proposed propose VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 244 3 explanation explanation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 244 4 was be VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 244 5 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 244 6 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 244 7 hydrophilicity hydrophilicity NN cord-299731-sis9952k 244 8 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 244 9 15 15 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 244 10 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 244 11 since since IN cord-299731-sis9952k 244 12 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 244 13 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 244 14 expected expect VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 244 15 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 244 16 exhibit exhibit VB cord-299731-sis9952k 244 17 low low JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 244 18 passive passive JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 244 19 permeability permeability NN cord-299731-sis9952k 244 20 across across IN cord-299731-sis9952k 244 21 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 244 22 human human JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 244 23 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 244 24 mucosa mucosa . cord-299731-sis9952k 244 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 244 26 150 150 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 244 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 244 28 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 245 1 Additionally additionally RB cord-299731-sis9952k 245 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 245 3 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 245 4 interindividual interindividual JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 245 5 variation variation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 245 6 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 245 7 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 245 8 transport transport NN cord-299731-sis9952k 245 9 mechanism mechanism NN cord-299731-sis9952k 245 10 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 245 11 NR nr NN cord-299731-sis9952k 245 12 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 245 13 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 245 14 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 245 15 system system NN cord-299731-sis9952k 245 16 might may MD cord-299731-sis9952k 245 17 also also RB cord-299731-sis9952k 245 18 affect affect VB cord-299731-sis9952k 245 19 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 245 20 oral oral JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 245 21 absorption absorption NN cord-299731-sis9952k 245 22 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 245 23 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 245 24 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 246 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-299731-sis9952k 246 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 246 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-299731-sis9952k 246 4 was be VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 246 5 proposed propose VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 246 6 that that IN cord-299731-sis9952k 246 7 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 246 8 can can MD cord-299731-sis9952k 246 9 be be VB cord-299731-sis9952k 246 10 degraded degrade VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 246 11 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 246 12 NAM NAM NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 246 13 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 246 14 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 246 15 gut gut NN cord-299731-sis9952k 246 16 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 246 17 whereas whereas RB cord-299731-sis9952k 246 18 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 246 19 another another DT cord-299731-sis9952k 246 20 study study NN cord-299731-sis9952k 246 21 showed show VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 246 22 that that IN cord-299731-sis9952k 246 23 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 246 24 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 246 25 metabolized metabolize VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 246 26 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 246 27 NAM NAM NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 246 28 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 246 29 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 246 30 liver liver NN cord-299731-sis9952k 246 31 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 246 32 might may MD cord-299731-sis9952k 246 33 explain explain VB cord-299731-sis9952k 246 34 low low JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 246 35 bioavailability bioavailability NN cord-299731-sis9952k 246 36 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 246 37 other other JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 246 38 tissues tissue NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 246 39 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 246 40 154 154 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 246 41 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 246 42 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 247 1 Subsequently subsequently RB cord-299731-sis9952k 247 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 247 3 NAM NAM NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 247 4 can can MD cord-299731-sis9952k 247 5 be be VB cord-299731-sis9952k 247 6 absorbed absorb VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 247 7 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 247 8 converted convert VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 247 9 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 247 10 NMN NMN NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 247 11 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 247 12 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 247 13 further further RB cord-299731-sis9952k 247 14 metabolized metabolize VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 247 15 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 247 16 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 247 17 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 247 18 or or CC cord-299731-sis9952k 247 19 dephosphorylated dephosphorylate VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 247 20 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 247 21 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 247 22 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 248 1 In in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 248 2 this this DT cord-299731-sis9952k 248 3 case case NN cord-299731-sis9952k 248 4 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 248 5 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 248 6 degradation degradation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 248 7 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 248 8 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 248 9 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 248 10 NAM NAM NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 248 11 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 248 12 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 248 13 gut gut NN cord-299731-sis9952k 248 14 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 248 15 which which WDT cord-299731-sis9952k 248 16 presumably presumably RB cord-299731-sis9952k 248 17 involves involve VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 248 18 purine purine NN cord-299731-sis9952k 248 19 nucleoside nucleoside NN cord-299731-sis9952k 248 20 phosphorylase phosphorylase NN cord-299731-sis9952k 248 21 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 248 22 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 248 23 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 248 24 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 248 25 cells cell NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 248 26 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 248 27 may may MD cord-299731-sis9952k 248 28 be be VB cord-299731-sis9952k 248 29 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 248 30 variable variable JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 248 31 step step NN cord-299731-sis9952k 248 32 involved involve VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 248 33 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 248 34 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 248 35 oral oral JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 248 36 intake intake NN cord-299731-sis9952k 248 37 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 248 38 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 248 39 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 248 40 155 155 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 248 41 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 248 42 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 249 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-299731-sis9952k 249 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 249 3 multiple multiple JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 249 4 pathways pathway NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 249 5 for for IN cord-299731-sis9952k 249 6 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 249 7 conversion conversion NN cord-299731-sis9952k 249 8 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 249 9 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 249 10 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 249 11 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 249 12 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 249 13 were be VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 249 14 identified identify VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 249 15 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 249 16 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 249 17 study study NN cord-299731-sis9952k 249 18 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 249 19 male male JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 249 20 human human JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 249 21 subjects subject NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 249 22 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 249 23 C57Bl6 C57Bl6 NNPS cord-299731-sis9952k 249 24 / / SYM cord-299731-sis9952k 249 25 J J NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 249 26 mice mouse NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 249 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 249 28 149 149 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 249 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 249 30 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 250 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-299731-sis9952k 250 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 250 3 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 250 4 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 250 5 response response NN cord-299731-sis9952k 250 6 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 250 7 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 250 8 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 250 9 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 250 10 remarkable remarkable JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 250 11 increase increase NN cord-299731-sis9952k 250 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 250 13 45-fold 45-fold CD cord-299731-sis9952k 250 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 250 15 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 250 16 NAAD NAAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 250 17 was be VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 250 18 reported report VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 250 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 250 20 149 149 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 250 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 250 22 indicating indicate VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 250 23 another another DT cord-299731-sis9952k 250 24 possible possible JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 250 25 conversion conversion NN cord-299731-sis9952k 250 26 pathway pathway NN cord-299731-sis9952k 250 27 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 250 28 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 250 29 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 250 30 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 250 31 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 250 32 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 250 33 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 251 1 These these DT cord-299731-sis9952k 251 2 studies study NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 251 3 suggest suggest VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 251 4 that that IN cord-299731-sis9952k 251 5 causes cause NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 251 6 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 251 7 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 251 8 variable variable JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 251 9 oral oral JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 251 10 bioavailability bioavailability NN cord-299731-sis9952k 251 11 might may MD cord-299731-sis9952k 251 12 be be VB cord-299731-sis9952k 251 13 revealed reveal VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 251 14 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 251 15 further further JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 251 16 investigation investigation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 251 17 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 251 18 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 251 19 metabolism metabolism NN cord-299731-sis9952k 251 20 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 251 21 transport transport NN cord-299731-sis9952k 251 22 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 252 1 At at IN cord-299731-sis9952k 252 2 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 252 3 current current JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 252 4 time time NN cord-299731-sis9952k 252 5 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 252 6 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 252 7 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 252 8 emerging emerge VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 252 9 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 252 10 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 252 11 leading lead VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 252 12 candidate candidate NN cord-299731-sis9952k 252 13 due due IN cord-299731-sis9952k 252 14 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 252 15 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-299731-sis9952k 252 16 bioavailability bioavailability NN cord-299731-sis9952k 252 17 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 252 18 safety safety NN cord-299731-sis9952k 252 19 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 252 20 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 252 21 strong strong JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 252 22 ability ability NN cord-299731-sis9952k 252 23 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 252 24 raise raise VB cord-299731-sis9952k 252 25 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 253 1 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 253 2 content content NN cord-299731-sis9952k 253 3 compared compare VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 253 4 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 253 5 other other JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 253 6 precursors precursor NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 253 7 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 253 8 149 149 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 253 9 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 253 10 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 254 1 Among among IN cord-299731-sis9952k 254 2 diverse diverse JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 254 3 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 254 4 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 254 5 precursors precursor NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 254 6 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 254 7 NMN NMN NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 254 8 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 254 9 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 254 10 presented present VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 254 11 better well JJR cord-299731-sis9952k 254 12 pharmacokinetic pharmacokinetic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 254 13 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 254 14 pharmacological pharmacological JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 254 15 properties property NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 254 16 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 254 17 156 156 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 254 18 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 254 19 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 255 1 The the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 255 2 bioavailability bioavailability NN cord-299731-sis9952k 255 3 between between IN cord-299731-sis9952k 255 4 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 255 5 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 255 6 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 255 7 precursors precursor NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 255 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 255 9 NMN NMN NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 255 10 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 255 11 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 255 12 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 255 13 NAM NAM NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 255 14 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 255 15 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 255 16 NA NA NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 255 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 255 18 was be VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 255 19 assessed assess VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 255 20 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 255 21 preclinical preclinical JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 255 22 studies study NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 255 23 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 255 24 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 255 25 ability ability NN cord-299731-sis9952k 255 26 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 255 27 elevate elevate VB cord-299731-sis9952k 255 28 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 255 29 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 255 30 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 255 31 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 256 1 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 256 2 was be VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 256 3 able able JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 256 4 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 256 5 increase increase VB cord-299731-sis9952k 256 6 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 257 1 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 257 2 levels level NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 257 3 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 257 4 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 257 5 liver liver NN cord-299731-sis9952k 257 6 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 257 7 mice mouse NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 257 8 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 257 9 exhibiting exhibit VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 257 10 greater great JJR cord-299731-sis9952k 257 11 oral oral JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 257 12 bioavailability bioavailability NN cord-299731-sis9952k 257 13 than than IN cord-299731-sis9952k 257 14 NAM NAM NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 257 15 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 257 16 which which WDT cord-299731-sis9952k 257 17 was be VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 257 18 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 257 19 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 257 20 turn turn NN cord-299731-sis9952k 257 21 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 257 22 more more RBR cord-299731-sis9952k 257 23 orally orally RB cord-299731-sis9952k 257 24 bioavailable bioavailable JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 257 25 than than IN cord-299731-sis9952k 257 26 NA NA NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 257 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 257 28 149 149 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 257 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 257 30 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 258 1 In in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 258 2 addition addition NN cord-299731-sis9952k 258 3 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 258 4 animal animal NN cord-299731-sis9952k 258 5 studies study NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 258 6 have have VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 258 7 reported report VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 258 8 that that IN cord-299731-sis9952k 258 9 equimolar equimolar JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 258 10 oral oral JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 258 11 NR nr NN cord-299731-sis9952k 258 12 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 258 13 superior superior JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 258 14 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 258 15 NA NA NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 258 16 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 258 17 NAM NAM NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 258 18 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 258 19 elevating elevate VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 258 20 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 259 1 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 259 2 content content NN cord-299731-sis9952k 259 3 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 259 4 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 259 5 liver liver NN cord-299731-sis9952k 259 6 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 259 7 149 149 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 259 8 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 259 9 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 260 1 Similarly similarly RB cord-299731-sis9952k 260 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 260 3 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 260 4 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 260 5 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 260 6 content content NN cord-299731-sis9952k 260 7 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 260 8 muscles muscle NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 260 9 could could MD cord-299731-sis9952k 260 10 be be VB cord-299731-sis9952k 260 11 significantly significantly RB cord-299731-sis9952k 260 12 increased increase VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 260 13 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 260 14 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 260 15 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 260 16 NA NA NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 260 17 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 260 18 but but CC cord-299731-sis9952k 260 19 not not RB cord-299731-sis9952k 260 20 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 260 21 NMN NMN NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 260 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 260 23 149 149 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 260 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 260 25 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 261 1 The the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 261 2 three three CD cord-299731-sis9952k 261 3 precursors precursor NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 261 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 261 5 NA NA NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 261 6 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 261 7 NMN NMN NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 261 8 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 261 9 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 261 10 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 261 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 261 12 differed differ VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 261 13 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 261 14 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 261 15 degree degree NN cord-299731-sis9952k 261 16 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 261 17 which which WDT cord-299731-sis9952k 261 18 they -PRON- PRP cord-299731-sis9952k 261 19 promote promote VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 261 20 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 261 21 accumulation accumulation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 261 22 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 261 23 ADPR ADPR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 261 24 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 261 25 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 261 26 measure measure NN cord-299731-sis9952k 261 27 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 261 28 sirtuins sirtuin NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 261 29 activity activity NN cord-299731-sis9952k 261 30 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 261 31 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 261 32 other other JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 261 33 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 261 34 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 262 1 -consuming -consuming NN cord-299731-sis9952k 262 2 activities activity NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 262 3 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 262 4 149 149 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 262 5 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 262 6 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 263 1 Namely namely RB cord-299731-sis9952k 263 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 263 3 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 263 4 was be VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 263 5 found find VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 263 6 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 263 7 increase increase VB cord-299731-sis9952k 263 8 ADPR~3 ADPR~3 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 263 9 more more RBR cord-299731-sis9952k 263 10 than than IN cord-299731-sis9952k 263 11 NAM NAM NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 263 12 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 263 13 which which WDT cord-299731-sis9952k 263 14 supports support VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 263 15 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 263 16 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 263 17 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 263 18 favored favor VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 263 19 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 264 1 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 264 2 precursor precursor NN cord-299731-sis9952k 264 3 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 264 4 increase increase VB cord-299731-sis9952k 264 5 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 265 1 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 266 1 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 266 2 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 266 3 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 267 1 -consuming -consuming NN cord-299731-sis9952k 267 2 activities activity NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 267 3 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 267 4 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 267 5 liver liver NN cord-299731-sis9952k 267 6 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 267 7 149 149 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 267 8 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 267 9 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 268 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-299731-sis9952k 268 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 268 3 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 268 4 activity activity NN cord-299731-sis9952k 268 5 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 268 6 sirtuins sirtuin NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 268 7 was be VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 268 8 stimulated stimulate VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 268 9 after after IN cord-299731-sis9952k 268 10 NR nr NN cord-299731-sis9952k 268 11 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 268 12 induced induce VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 268 13 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 268 14 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 268 15 levels level NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 268 16 increased increase VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 268 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 268 18 37 37 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 268 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 268 20 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 269 1 Both both DT cord-299731-sis9952k 269 2 SIRT1 SIRT1 NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 269 3 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 269 4 SIRT3 sirt3 JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 269 5 activities activity NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 269 6 increased increase VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 269 7 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 269 8 vitro vitro FW cord-299731-sis9952k 269 9 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 269 10 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 269 11 vivo vivo NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 269 12 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 269 13 37 37 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 269 14 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 269 15 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 269 16 which which WDT cord-299731-sis9952k 269 17 favors favor VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 269 18 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 269 19 hypothesis hypothesis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 269 20 that that WDT cord-299731-sis9952k 269 21 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 269 22 can can MD cord-299731-sis9952k 269 23 increase increase VB cord-299731-sis9952k 269 24 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 269 25 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 269 26 levels level NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 269 27 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 269 28 at at IN cord-299731-sis9952k 269 29 least least JJS cord-299731-sis9952k 269 30 mitochondrial mitochondrial NN cord-299731-sis9952k 269 31 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 269 32 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 269 33 compartments compartment NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 269 34 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 270 1 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 270 2 's 's POS cord-299731-sis9952k 270 3 ability ability NN cord-299731-sis9952k 270 4 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 270 5 increase increase VB cord-299731-sis9952k 270 6 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 270 7 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 270 8 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 270 9 different different JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 270 10 subcellular subcellular JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 270 11 compartments compartment NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 270 12 represents represent VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 270 13 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 270 14 crucial crucial JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 270 15 difference difference NN cord-299731-sis9952k 270 16 compared compare VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 270 17 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 270 18 other other JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 270 19 approaches approach NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 270 20 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 270 21 increasing increase VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 270 22 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 270 23 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 270 24 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 270 25 levels level NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 270 26 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 271 1 Although although IN cord-299731-sis9952k 271 2 all all DT cord-299731-sis9952k 271 3 three three CD cord-299731-sis9952k 271 4 precursors precursor NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 271 5 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 271 6 NA NA NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 271 7 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 271 8 NAM NAM NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 271 9 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 271 10 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 271 11 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 271 12 can can MD cord-299731-sis9952k 271 13 raise raise VB cord-299731-sis9952k 271 14 both both CC cord-299731-sis9952k 271 15 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 271 16 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 271 17 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 271 18 NADP NADP NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 271 19 + + SYM cord-299731-sis9952k 271 20 levels level NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 271 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 271 22 14 14 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 271 23 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 271 24 149 149 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 271 25 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 271 26 157 157 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 271 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 271 28 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 271 29 they -PRON- PRP cord-299731-sis9952k 271 30 all all DT cord-299731-sis9952k 271 31 exhibit exhibit VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 271 32 distinct distinct JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 271 33 physiological physiological JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 271 34 responses response NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 271 35 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 272 1 For for IN cord-299731-sis9952k 272 2 example example NN cord-299731-sis9952k 272 3 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 272 4 NA NA NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 272 5 shows show VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 272 6 lowering lower VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 272 7 effects effect NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 272 8 on on IN cord-299731-sis9952k 272 9 blood blood NN cord-299731-sis9952k 272 10 lipid lipid NN cord-299731-sis9952k 272 11 levels level NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 272 12 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 272 13 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 272 14 it -PRON- PRP cord-299731-sis9952k 272 15 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 272 16 used use VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 272 17 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 272 18 treat treat VB cord-299731-sis9952k 272 19 dyslipidemia dyslipidemia NN cord-299731-sis9952k 272 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 272 21 151 151 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 272 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 272 23 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 273 1 However however RB cord-299731-sis9952k 273 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 273 3 NA NA NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 273 4 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 273 5 implicated implicate VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 273 6 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 273 7 flushing flush VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 273 8 at at IN cord-299731-sis9952k 273 9 doses dose NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 273 10 higher high JJR cord-299731-sis9952k 273 11 than than IN cord-299731-sis9952k 273 12 50 50 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 273 13 mg mg NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 273 14 / / SYM cord-299731-sis9952k 273 15 day day NN cord-299731-sis9952k 273 16 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 273 17 151 151 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 273 18 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 273 19 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 274 1 On on IN cord-299731-sis9952k 274 2 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 274 3 contrary contrary NN cord-299731-sis9952k 274 4 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 274 5 NAM NAM NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 274 6 does do VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 274 7 not not RB cord-299731-sis9952k 274 8 affect affect VB cord-299731-sis9952k 274 9 lipid lipid NN cord-299731-sis9952k 274 10 blood blood NN cord-299731-sis9952k 274 11 levels level NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 274 12 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 274 13 yet yet CC cord-299731-sis9952k 274 14 it -PRON- PRP cord-299731-sis9952k 274 15 can can MD cord-299731-sis9952k 274 16 exhibit exhibit VB cord-299731-sis9952k 274 17 sirtuin sirtuin NN cord-299731-sis9952k 274 18 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 274 19 inhibiting inhibit VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 274 20 effects effect NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 274 21 at at IN cord-299731-sis9952k 274 22 higher high JJR cord-299731-sis9952k 274 23 doses dose NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 274 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 274 25 116 116 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 274 26 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 274 27 149 149 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 274 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 274 29 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 275 1 Among among IN cord-299731-sis9952k 275 2 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 275 3 three three CD cord-299731-sis9952k 275 4 mentioned mention VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 275 5 precursors precursor NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 275 6 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 275 7 only only RB cord-299731-sis9952k 275 8 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 275 9 could could MD cord-299731-sis9952k 275 10 prolong prolong VB cord-299731-sis9952k 275 11 survival survival NN cord-299731-sis9952k 275 12 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 275 13 induce induce VB cord-299731-sis9952k 275 14 hematopoietic hematopoietic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 275 15 stem stem NN cord-299731-sis9952k 275 16 cell cell NN cord-299731-sis9952k 275 17 regeneration regeneration NN cord-299731-sis9952k 275 18 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 275 19 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 275 20 documented document VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 275 21 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 275 22 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 275 23 study study NN cord-299731-sis9952k 275 24 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 275 25 mice mouse NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 275 26 treated treat VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 275 27 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 275 28 irradiation irradiation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 275 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 275 30 158 158 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 275 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 275 32 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 276 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-299731-sis9952k 276 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 276 3 orally orally RB cord-299731-sis9952k 276 4 administered administer VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 276 5 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 276 6 was be VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 276 7 found find VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 276 8 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 276 9 improve improve VB cord-299731-sis9952k 276 10 resistance resistance NN cord-299731-sis9952k 276 11 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 276 12 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 276 13 reversal reversal NN cord-299731-sis9952k 276 14 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 276 15 chemotherapeutic chemotherapeutic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 276 16 neuropathy neuropathy NN cord-299731-sis9952k 276 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 276 18 159 159 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 276 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 276 20 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 277 1 This this DT cord-299731-sis9952k 277 2 implies imply VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 277 3 advantages advantage NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 277 4 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 277 5 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 277 6 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 277 7 precursor precursor NN cord-299731-sis9952k 277 8 for for IN cord-299731-sis9952k 277 9 potential potential JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 277 10 use use NN cord-299731-sis9952k 277 11 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 277 12 cancer cancer NN cord-299731-sis9952k 277 13 patients patient NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 277 14 undergoing undergo VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 277 15 chemo chemo NN cord-299731-sis9952k 277 16 - - , cord-299731-sis9952k 277 17 or or CC cord-299731-sis9952k 277 18 radiotherapy radiotherapy NN cord-299731-sis9952k 277 19 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 278 1 The the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 278 2 bioavailability bioavailability NN cord-299731-sis9952k 278 3 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 278 4 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 278 5 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 278 6 precursors precursor NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 278 7 can can MD cord-299731-sis9952k 278 8 be be VB cord-299731-sis9952k 278 9 assessed assess VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 278 10 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 278 11 measuring measure VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 278 12 NAAD NAAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 278 13 levels level NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 278 14 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 279 1 Namely namely RB cord-299731-sis9952k 279 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 279 3 NAAD NAAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 279 4 represents represent VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 279 5 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 279 6 most most RBS cord-299731-sis9952k 279 7 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 279 8 biomarker biomarker NN cord-299731-sis9952k 279 9 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 279 10 effective effective JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 279 11 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 279 12 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 279 13 supplementation supplementation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 279 14 since since IN cord-299731-sis9952k 279 15 it -PRON- PRP cord-299731-sis9952k 279 16 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 279 17 undetectable undetectable JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 279 18 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 279 19 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 279 20 blood blood NN cord-299731-sis9952k 279 21 prior prior RB cord-299731-sis9952k 279 22 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 279 23 supplementation supplementation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 279 24 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 279 25 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 279 26 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 279 27 increase increase NN cord-299731-sis9952k 279 28 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 279 29 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-299731-sis9952k 279 30 levels level NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 279 31 has have VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 279 32 been be VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 279 33 observed observe VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 279 34 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 279 35 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 279 36 liver liver NN cord-299731-sis9952k 279 37 after after IN cord-299731-sis9952k 279 38 orally orally RB cord-299731-sis9952k 279 39 administered administer VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 279 40 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 279 41 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 279 42 precursors precursor NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 279 43 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 280 1 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 280 2 was be VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 280 3 found find VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 280 4 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 280 5 increase increase VB cord-299731-sis9952k 280 6 NAAD NAAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 280 7 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 280 8 at at RB cord-299731-sis9952k 280 9 least least RBS cord-299731-sis9952k 280 10 45-fold 45-fold CD cord-299731-sis9952k 280 11 compared compare VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 280 12 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 280 13 baseline baseline JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 280 14 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 280 15 149 149 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 280 16 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 280 17 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 281 1 In in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 281 2 addition addition NN cord-299731-sis9952k 281 3 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 281 4 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 281 5 could could MD cord-299731-sis9952k 281 6 significantly significantly RB cord-299731-sis9952k 281 7 elevate elevate VB cord-299731-sis9952k 281 8 NAAD NAAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 281 9 heart heart NN cord-299731-sis9952k 281 10 content content NN cord-299731-sis9952k 281 11 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 281 12 where where WRB cord-299731-sis9952k 281 13 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 281 14 increase increase NN cord-299731-sis9952k 281 15 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 281 16 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 281 17 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 281 18 occurs occur VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 281 19 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 281 20 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 281 21 absence absence NN cord-299731-sis9952k 281 22 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 281 23 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 281 24 steady steady JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 281 25 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 281 26 state state NN cord-299731-sis9952k 281 27 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 281 28 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 281 29 increase increase NN cord-299731-sis9952k 281 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 281 31 149 149 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 281 32 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 281 33 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 282 1 Surprisingly surprisingly RB cord-299731-sis9952k 282 2 NA NA NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 282 3 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 282 4 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 282 5 only only JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 282 6 precursor precursor NN cord-299731-sis9952k 282 7 expected expect VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 282 8 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 282 9 convert convert VB cord-299731-sis9952k 282 10 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 282 11 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 282 12 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 282 13 through through IN cord-299731-sis9952k 282 14 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 282 15 NAAD NAAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 282 16 intermediate intermediate JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 282 17 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 282 18 produced produce VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 282 19 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 282 20 least least JJS cord-299731-sis9952k 282 21 NAAD NAAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 282 22 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 282 23 while while IN cord-299731-sis9952k 282 24 NAM NAM NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 282 25 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 282 26 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 282 27 both both DT cord-299731-sis9952k 282 28 produced produce VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 282 29 peaks peak NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 282 30 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 282 31 hepatic hepatic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 282 32 NAAD NAAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 282 33 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 282 34 149 149 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 282 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 282 36 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 283 1 High high JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 283 2 availability availability NN cord-299731-sis9952k 283 3 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 283 4 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 283 5 has have VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 283 6 been be VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 283 7 observed observe VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 283 8 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 283 9 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 283 10 normal normal JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 283 11 human human JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 283 12 diet diet NN cord-299731-sis9952k 283 13 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 284 1 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 284 2 does do VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 284 3 not not RB cord-299731-sis9952k 284 4 require require VB cord-299731-sis9952k 284 5 conversion conversion NN cord-299731-sis9952k 284 6 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 284 7 enter enter VB cord-299731-sis9952k 284 8 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 284 9 cell cell NN cord-299731-sis9952k 284 10 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 284 11 which which WDT cord-299731-sis9952k 284 12 could could MD cord-299731-sis9952k 284 13 partially partially RB cord-299731-sis9952k 284 14 explain explain VB cord-299731-sis9952k 284 15 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 284 16 high high JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 284 17 level level NN cord-299731-sis9952k 284 18 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 284 19 availability availability NN cord-299731-sis9952k 284 20 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 285 1 On on IN cord-299731-sis9952k 285 2 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 285 3 contrary contrary NN cord-299731-sis9952k 285 4 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 285 5 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 285 6 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 285 7 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 285 8 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-299731-sis9952k 285 9 precursors precursor NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 285 10 have have VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 285 11 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 285 12 be be VB cord-299731-sis9952k 285 13 converted convert VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 285 14 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 285 15 either either CC cord-299731-sis9952k 285 16 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 285 17 or or CC cord-299731-sis9952k 285 18 NAM NAM NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 285 19 before before IN cord-299731-sis9952k 285 20 entering enter VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 285 21 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 285 22 cell cell NN cord-299731-sis9952k 285 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 285 24 153 153 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 285 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 285 26 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 286 1 While while IN cord-299731-sis9952k 286 2 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 286 3 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 286 4 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 286 5 NMN NMN NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 286 6 are be VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 286 7 being be VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 286 8 converted convert VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 286 9 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 286 10 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 286 11 extracellularly extracellularly RB cord-299731-sis9952k 286 12 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 286 13 CD73 CD73 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 286 14 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 286 15 28 28 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 286 16 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 286 17 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 286 18 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-299731-sis9952k 286 19 cellular cellular JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 286 20 conversion conversion NN cord-299731-sis9952k 286 21 depends depend VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 286 22 on on IN cord-299731-sis9952k 286 23 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 286 24 NMRK NMRK NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 286 25 pathway pathway NN cord-299731-sis9952k 286 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 286 27 153 153 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 286 28 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 286 29 160 160 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 286 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 286 31 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 287 1 However however RB cord-299731-sis9952k 287 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 287 3 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 287 4 NMN NMN NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 287 5 specific specific JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 287 6 transporter transporter NN cord-299731-sis9952k 287 7 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 287 8 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 287 9 gut gut NN cord-299731-sis9952k 287 10 encoded encode VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 287 11 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 287 12 Slc12a8 Slc12a8 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 287 13 gene gene NN cord-299731-sis9952k 287 14 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 287 15 has have VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 287 16 recently recently RB cord-299731-sis9952k 287 17 been be VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 287 18 identified identify VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 287 19 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 287 20 Grozio Grozio NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 287 21 et et NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 287 22 al al NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 287 23 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 288 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 288 2 161 161 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 288 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 288 4 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 289 1 Hence hence RB cord-299731-sis9952k 289 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 289 3 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 289 4 utilization utilization NN cord-299731-sis9952k 289 5 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 289 6 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 289 7 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 289 8 extracellular extracellular JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 289 9 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 289 10 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 289 11 are be VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 289 12 limited limit VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 289 13 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 289 14 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 289 15 activity activity NN cord-299731-sis9952k 289 16 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 289 17 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 289 18 NMRK NMRK NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 289 19 pathway pathway NN cord-299731-sis9952k 289 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 289 21 153 153 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 289 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 289 23 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 290 1 Conversely conversely RB cord-299731-sis9952k 290 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 290 3 another another DT cord-299731-sis9952k 290 4 candidate candidate NN cord-299731-sis9952k 290 5 has have VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 290 6 recently recently RB cord-299731-sis9952k 290 7 emerged emerge VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 290 8 that that WDT cord-299731-sis9952k 290 9 can can MD cord-299731-sis9952k 290 10 increase increase VB cord-299731-sis9952k 290 11 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 291 1 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 291 2 levels level NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 291 3 through through IN cord-299731-sis9952k 291 4 NMRK NMRK NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 291 5 independent independent JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 291 6 pathway pathway NN cord-299731-sis9952k 291 7 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 292 1 Namely namely RB cord-299731-sis9952k 292 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 292 3 one one CD cord-299731-sis9952k 292 4 study study NN cord-299731-sis9952k 292 5 reported report VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 292 6 that that IN cord-299731-sis9952k 292 7 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 292 8 reduced reduce VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 292 9 form form NN cord-299731-sis9952k 292 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 292 11 NRH NRH NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 292 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 292 13 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 292 14 bioavailable bioavailable JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 292 15 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 292 16 mice mouse NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 292 17 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 292 18 indicated indicate VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 292 19 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-299731-sis9952k 292 20 great great JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 292 21 potential potential NN cord-299731-sis9952k 292 22 for for IN cord-299731-sis9952k 292 23 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 292 24 application application NN cord-299731-sis9952k 292 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 292 26 162 162 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 292 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 292 28 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 293 1 Since since IN cord-299731-sis9952k 293 2 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 293 3 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 293 4 unstable unstable JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 293 5 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 293 6 blood blood NN cord-299731-sis9952k 293 7 circulation circulation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 293 8 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 293 9 partially partially RB cord-299731-sis9952k 293 10 due due JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 293 11 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 293 12 degradation degradation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 293 13 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 293 14 NAM NAM NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 293 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 293 16 153 153 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 293 17 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 293 18 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 293 19 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-299731-sis9952k 293 20 ability ability NN cord-299731-sis9952k 293 21 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 293 22 reach reach VB cord-299731-sis9952k 293 23 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 293 24 peripheral peripheral JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 293 25 tissues tissue NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 293 26 after after IN cord-299731-sis9952k 293 27 oral oral JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 293 28 administration administration NN cord-299731-sis9952k 293 29 has have VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 293 30 been be VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 293 31 compromised compromise VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 293 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 293 33 162 162 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 293 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 293 35 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 294 1 This this DT cord-299731-sis9952k 294 2 limitation limitation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 294 3 could could MD cord-299731-sis9952k 294 4 be be VB cord-299731-sis9952k 294 5 overcome overcome VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 294 6 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 294 7 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 294 8 administration administration NN cord-299731-sis9952k 294 9 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 294 10 NRH NRH NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 294 11 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 294 12 it -PRON- PRP cord-299731-sis9952k 294 13 appears appear VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 294 14 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 294 15 be be VB cord-299731-sis9952k 294 16 more more RBR cord-299731-sis9952k 294 17 stable stable JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 294 18 than than IN cord-299731-sis9952k 294 19 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 294 20 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 294 21 does do VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 294 22 not not RB cord-299731-sis9952k 294 23 undergo undergo VB cord-299731-sis9952k 294 24 direct direct JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 294 25 degradation degradation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 294 26 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 294 27 plasma plasma NN cord-299731-sis9952k 294 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 294 29 162 162 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 294 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 294 31 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 295 1 NRH NRH NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 295 2 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 295 3 detectable detectable JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 295 4 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 295 5 circulation circulation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 295 6 after after IN cord-299731-sis9952k 295 7 oral oral JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 295 8 intake intake NN cord-299731-sis9952k 295 9 or or CC cord-299731-sis9952k 295 10 intraperitoneal intraperitoneal JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 295 11 injection injection NN cord-299731-sis9952k 295 12 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 295 13 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 295 14 it -PRON- PRP cord-299731-sis9952k 295 15 was be VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 295 16 found find VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 295 17 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 295 18 increase increase VB cord-299731-sis9952k 295 19 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 295 20 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 295 21 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 295 22 both both DT cord-299731-sis9952k 295 23 cultured cultured JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 295 24 cells cell NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 295 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 295 26 5 5 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 295 27 - - SYM cord-299731-sis9952k 295 28 10-fold 10-fold JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 295 29 above above IN cord-299731-sis9952k 295 30 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 295 31 baseline baseline NN cord-299731-sis9952k 295 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 295 33 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 295 34 162 162 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 295 35 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 295 36 163 163 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 295 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 295 38 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 295 39 mice mouse NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 295 40 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 295 41 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 295 42 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 295 43 more more RBR cord-299731-sis9952k 295 44 potent potent JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 295 45 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 295 46 faster fast JJR cord-299731-sis9952k 295 47 manner manner NN cord-299731-sis9952k 295 48 than than IN cord-299731-sis9952k 295 49 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 295 50 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 296 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-299731-sis9952k 296 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 296 3 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 296 4 NMRK NMRK NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 296 5 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 296 6 independent independent JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 296 7 pathway pathway NN cord-299731-sis9952k 296 8 for for IN cord-299731-sis9952k 296 9 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 296 10 NRH NRH NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 296 11 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 296 12 induced induce VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 296 13 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 296 14 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 296 15 increase increase NN cord-299731-sis9952k 296 16 has have VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 296 17 been be VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 296 18 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 296 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 296 20 162 162 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 296 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 296 22 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 296 23 which which WDT cord-299731-sis9952k 296 24 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 296 25 consistent consistent JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 296 26 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 296 27 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 296 28 recent recent JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 296 29 discovery discovery NN cord-299731-sis9952k 296 30 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 296 31 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 296 32 novel novel JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 296 33 biosynthetic biosynthetic NN cord-299731-sis9952k 296 34 route route NN cord-299731-sis9952k 296 35 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 296 36 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 296 37 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 296 38 from from IN cord-299731-sis9952k 296 39 NRH NRH NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 296 40 through through IN cord-299731-sis9952k 296 41 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 296 42 NMNH NMNH NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 296 43 intermediate intermediate JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 296 44 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 296 45 where where WRB cord-299731-sis9952k 296 46 adenosine adenosine NN cord-299731-sis9952k 296 47 kinase kinase NN cord-299731-sis9952k 296 48 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 296 49 ADK ADK NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 296 50 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 296 51 acts act VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 296 52 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 296 53 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 296 54 NRH NRH NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 296 55 kinase kinase NN cord-299731-sis9952k 296 56 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 296 57 164 164 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 296 58 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 296 59 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 297 1 This this DT cord-299731-sis9952k 297 2 study study NN cord-299731-sis9952k 297 3 also also RB cord-299731-sis9952k 297 4 confirmed confirm VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 297 5 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 297 6 presence presence NN cord-299731-sis9952k 297 7 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 297 8 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 297 9 NRH nrh NN cord-299731-sis9952k 297 10 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 297 11 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 297 12 liver liver NN cord-299731-sis9952k 297 13 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 297 14 mouse mouse NN cord-299731-sis9952k 297 15 models model NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 297 16 establishing establish VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 297 17 NRH NRH NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 297 18 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 297 19 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 297 20 valid valid JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 297 21 natural natural JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 297 22 precursor precursor NN cord-299731-sis9952k 297 23 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 297 24 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 297 25 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 297 26 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 298 1 On on IN cord-299731-sis9952k 298 2 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 298 3 other other JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 298 4 hand hand NN cord-299731-sis9952k 298 5 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 298 6 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 298 7 may may MD cord-299731-sis9952k 298 8 be be VB cord-299731-sis9952k 298 9 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 298 10 more more RBR cord-299731-sis9952k 298 11 suitable suitable JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 298 12 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 298 13 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 298 14 precursor precursor NN cord-299731-sis9952k 298 15 regarding regard VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 298 16 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 298 17 side side NN cord-299731-sis9952k 298 18 effects effect NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 298 19 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 299 1 Although although IN cord-299731-sis9952k 299 2 NA NA NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 299 3 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 299 4 NAM NAM NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 299 5 can can MD cord-299731-sis9952k 299 6 enter enter VB cord-299731-sis9952k 299 7 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 299 8 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 299 9 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 299 10 salvage salvage NN cord-299731-sis9952k 299 11 pathway pathway NN cord-299731-sis9952k 299 12 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 299 13 several several JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 299 14 preclinical preclinical JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 299 15 studies study NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 299 16 have have VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 299 17 confirmed confirm VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 299 18 that that IN cord-299731-sis9952k 299 19 both both DT cord-299731-sis9952k 299 20 NA NA NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 299 21 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 299 22 NAM NAM NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 299 23 can can MD cord-299731-sis9952k 299 24 cause cause VB cord-299731-sis9952k 299 25 painful painful JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 299 26 flushing flushing NN cord-299731-sis9952k 299 27 sensations sensation NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 299 28 at at IN cord-299731-sis9952k 299 29 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 299 30 doses dose NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 299 31 or or CC cord-299731-sis9952k 299 32 other other JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 299 33 toxic toxic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 299 34 effects effect NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 299 35 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 299 36 14 14 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 299 37 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 299 38 165 165 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 299 39 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 299 40 166 166 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 299 41 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 299 42 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 300 1 Although although IN cord-299731-sis9952k 300 2 NMN NMN NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 300 3 exhibits exhibit VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 300 4 significant significant JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 300 5 beneficial beneficial JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 300 6 pharmacological pharmacological JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 300 7 activities activity NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 300 8 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 300 9 preclinical preclinical JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 300 10 studies study NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 300 11 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 300 12 there there EX cord-299731-sis9952k 300 13 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 300 14 still still RB cord-299731-sis9952k 300 15 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 300 16 lack lack NN cord-299731-sis9952k 300 17 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 300 18 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 300 19 clinical clinical JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 300 20 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 300 21 toxicological toxicological JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 300 22 data datum NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 300 23 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 301 1 To to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 301 2 date date NN cord-299731-sis9952k 301 3 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 301 4 there there EX cord-299731-sis9952k 301 5 are be VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 301 6 no no DT cord-299731-sis9952k 301 7 available available JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 301 8 tests test NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 301 9 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 301 10 NMN NMN NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 301 11 safety safety NN cord-299731-sis9952k 301 12 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 301 13 human human JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 301 14 oral oral JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 301 15 availability availability NN cord-299731-sis9952k 301 16 although although IN cord-299731-sis9952k 301 17 recently recently RB cord-299731-sis9952k 301 18 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 301 19 one one CD cord-299731-sis9952k 301 20 clinical clinical JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 301 21 study study NN cord-299731-sis9952k 301 22 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 301 23 ten ten CD cord-299731-sis9952k 301 24 healthy healthy JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 301 25 men man NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 301 26 confirmed confirm VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 301 27 that that IN cord-299731-sis9952k 301 28 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 301 29 single single JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 301 30 oral oral JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 301 31 dose dose NN cord-299731-sis9952k 301 32 ranging range VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 301 33 from from IN cord-299731-sis9952k 301 34 100 100 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 301 35 - - SYM cord-299731-sis9952k 301 36 500 500 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 301 37 mg mg NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 301 38 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 301 39 safe safe JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 301 40 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 301 41 effective effective JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 301 42 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 301 43 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 301 44 no no DT cord-299731-sis9952k 301 45 significant significant JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 301 46 deleterious deleterious JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 301 47 effects effect NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 301 48 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 301 49 167 167 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 301 50 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 301 51 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 302 1 On on IN cord-299731-sis9952k 302 2 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 302 3 other other JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 302 4 hand hand NN cord-299731-sis9952k 302 5 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 302 6 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 302 7 was be VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 302 8 confirmed confirm VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 302 9 across across IN cord-299731-sis9952k 302 10 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 302 11 number number NN cord-299731-sis9952k 302 12 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 302 13 studies study NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 302 14 as as RB cord-299731-sis9952k 302 15 well well RB cord-299731-sis9952k 302 16 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 302 17 tolerated tolerate VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 302 18 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 302 19 up up IN cord-299731-sis9952k 302 20 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 302 21 2 2 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 302 22 g g NN cord-299731-sis9952k 302 23 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 302 24 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 302 25 daily daily JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 302 26 dose dose NN cord-299731-sis9952k 302 27 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 302 28 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 302 29 it -PRON- PRP cord-299731-sis9952k 302 30 was be VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 302 31 not not RB cord-299731-sis9952k 302 32 found find VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 302 33 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 302 34 be be VB cord-299731-sis9952k 302 35 associated associate VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 302 36 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 302 37 flushing flushing NN cord-299731-sis9952k 302 38 or or CC cord-299731-sis9952k 302 39 any any DT cord-299731-sis9952k 302 40 severe severe JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 302 41 side side NN cord-299731-sis9952k 302 42 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 302 43 effects effect NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 302 44 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 302 45 39 39 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 302 46 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 302 47 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 303 1 Specifically specifically RB cord-299731-sis9952k 303 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 303 3 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 303 4 administration administration NN cord-299731-sis9952k 303 5 can can MD cord-299731-sis9952k 303 6 elevate elevate VB cord-299731-sis9952k 303 7 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 303 8 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 303 9 levels level NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 303 10 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 303 11 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 303 12 cells cell NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 303 13 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 303 14 tissues tissue NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 303 15 without without IN cord-299731-sis9952k 303 16 activating activate VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 303 17 GPR109A GPR109A NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 303 18 that that WDT cord-299731-sis9952k 303 19 mediates mediate VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 303 20 nicotinic nicotinic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 303 21 acid acid NN cord-299731-sis9952k 303 22 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 303 23 induced induce VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 303 24 flushing flush VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 303 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 303 26 168 168 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 303 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 303 28 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 304 1 During during IN cord-299731-sis9952k 304 2 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 304 3 state state NN cord-299731-sis9952k 304 4 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 304 5 physiological physiological JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 304 6 equilibrium equilibrium NN cord-299731-sis9952k 304 7 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 304 8 biosynthetic biosynthetic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 304 9 pathways pathway NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 304 10 rely rely VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 304 11 on on IN cord-299731-sis9952k 304 12 dietary dietary JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 304 13 sources source NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 304 14 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 304 15 tryptophan tryptophan NN cord-299731-sis9952k 304 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 304 17 Trp Trp NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 304 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 304 19 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 304 20 while while IN cord-299731-sis9952k 304 21 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 304 22 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 304 23 precursor precursor NN cord-299731-sis9952k 304 24 vitamins vitamin NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 304 25 are be VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 304 26 compensating compensate VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 304 27 during during IN cord-299731-sis9952k 304 28 periods period NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 304 29 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 304 30 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 304 31 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 304 32 depletion depletion NN cord-299731-sis9952k 304 33 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 305 1 However however RB cord-299731-sis9952k 305 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 305 3 dietary dietary JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 305 4 precursors precursor NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 305 5 may may MD cord-299731-sis9952k 305 6 become become VB cord-299731-sis9952k 305 7 insufficient insufficient JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 305 8 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 305 9 maintain maintain VB cord-299731-sis9952k 305 10 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 305 11 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 305 12 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 305 13 levels level NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 305 14 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 305 15 pathological pathological JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 305 16 conditions condition NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 305 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 305 18 14 14 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 305 19 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 305 20 41 41 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 305 21 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 305 22 169 169 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 305 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 305 24 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 305 25 thereby thereby RB cord-299731-sis9952k 305 26 emphasizing emphasize VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 305 27 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 305 28 necessity necessity NN cord-299731-sis9952k 305 29 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 305 30 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 305 31 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 305 32 precursor precursor NN cord-299731-sis9952k 305 33 supplementation supplementation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 305 34 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 306 1 Besides besides IN cord-299731-sis9952k 306 2 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 306 3 well well RB cord-299731-sis9952k 306 4 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 306 5 known know VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 306 6 vitamin vitamin NN cord-299731-sis9952k 306 7 B3 b3 NN cord-299731-sis9952k 306 8 supplements supplement NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 306 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 306 10 NA NA NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 306 11 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 306 12 NAM NAM NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 306 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 306 14 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 306 15 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 306 16 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 306 17 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-299731-sis9952k 306 18 phosphorylated phosphorylated JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 306 19 form form NN cord-299731-sis9952k 306 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 306 21 NMN NMN NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 306 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 306 23 have have VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 306 24 only only RB cord-299731-sis9952k 306 25 recently recently RB cord-299731-sis9952k 306 26 become become VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 306 27 orally orally RB cord-299731-sis9952k 306 28 available available JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 306 29 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 306 30 precursors precursor NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 306 31 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 306 32 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 306 33 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 306 34 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 306 35 11 11 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 306 36 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 306 37 150 150 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 306 38 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 306 39 170 170 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 306 40 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 306 41 171 171 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 306 42 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 306 43 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 307 1 On on IN cord-299731-sis9952k 307 2 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 307 3 other other JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 307 4 hand hand NN cord-299731-sis9952k 307 5 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 307 6 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 307 7 synthesis synthesis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 307 8 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 307 9 manipulation manipulation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 307 10 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 307 11 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 307 12 remain remain VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 307 13 challenging challenging JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 307 14 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 307 15 especially especially RB cord-299731-sis9952k 307 16 regarding regard VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 307 17 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-299731-sis9952k 307 18 relatively relatively RB cord-299731-sis9952k 307 19 labile labile JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 307 20 glycosidic glycosidic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 307 21 bond bond NN cord-299731-sis9952k 307 22 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 307 23 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 307 24 instability instability NN cord-299731-sis9952k 307 25 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 307 26 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 307 27 salts salt NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 307 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 307 29 172 172 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 307 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 307 31 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 308 1 However however RB cord-299731-sis9952k 308 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 308 3 great great JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 308 4 potential potential NN cord-299731-sis9952k 308 5 for for IN cord-299731-sis9952k 308 6 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 308 7 development development NN cord-299731-sis9952k 308 8 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 308 9 novel novel JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 308 10 drugs drug NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 308 11 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 308 12 structural structural JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 308 13 analogs analog NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 308 14 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 308 15 existing exist VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 308 16 drugs drug NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 308 17 can can MD cord-299731-sis9952k 308 18 be be VB cord-299731-sis9952k 308 19 achieved achieve VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 308 20 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 308 21 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 308 22 introduction introduction NN cord-299731-sis9952k 308 23 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 308 24 various various JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 308 25 chemical chemical NN cord-299731-sis9952k 308 26 groups group NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 308 27 on on IN cord-299731-sis9952k 308 28 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 308 29 backbone backbone NN cord-299731-sis9952k 308 30 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 308 31 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 308 32 molecule molecule NN cord-299731-sis9952k 308 33 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 308 34 172 172 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 308 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 308 36 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 309 1 In in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 309 2 general general JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 309 3 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 309 4 there there EX cord-299731-sis9952k 309 5 are be VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 309 6 two two CD cord-299731-sis9952k 309 7 reported report VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 309 8 categories category NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 309 9 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 309 10 synthetic synthetic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 309 11 pathway pathway NN cord-299731-sis9952k 309 12 for for IN cord-299731-sis9952k 309 13 nicotinamide nicotinamide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 309 14 riboside riboside NN cord-299731-sis9952k 309 15 salts salt NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 309 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 309 17 NR nr NN cord-299731-sis9952k 309 18 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 309 19 X x NN cord-299731-sis9952k 309 20 − − NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 309 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 309 22 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 310 1 Since since IN cord-299731-sis9952k 310 2 only only RB cord-299731-sis9952k 310 3 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 310 4 β β NN cord-299731-sis9952k 310 5 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 310 6 form form NN cord-299731-sis9952k 310 7 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 310 8 NR nr NN cord-299731-sis9952k 310 9 + + SYM cord-299731-sis9952k 310 10 has have VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 310 11 biochemical biochemical JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 310 12 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 310 13 medical medical JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 310 14 relevance relevance NN cord-299731-sis9952k 310 15 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 310 16 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 310 17 valuable valuable JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 310 18 method method NN cord-299731-sis9952k 310 19 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 310 20 NR nr NN cord-299731-sis9952k 310 21 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 310 22 synthesis synthesis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 310 23 should should MD cord-299731-sis9952k 310 24 provide provide VB cord-299731-sis9952k 310 25 high high JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 310 26 levels level NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 310 27 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 310 28 β β NN cord-299731-sis9952k 310 29 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 310 30 stereoselectivity stereoselectivity NN cord-299731-sis9952k 310 31 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 311 1 From from IN cord-299731-sis9952k 311 2 two two CD cord-299731-sis9952k 311 3 main main JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 311 4 synthetic synthetic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 311 5 pathways pathway NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 311 6 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 311 7 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 311 8 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 311 9 only only RB cord-299731-sis9952k 311 10 one one CD cord-299731-sis9952k 311 11 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 311 12 predominately predominately RB cord-299731-sis9952k 311 13 exploited exploit VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 311 14 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 311 15 developed develop VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 311 16 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 311 17 terms term NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 311 18 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 311 19 synthetic synthetic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 311 20 efficiency efficiency NN cord-299731-sis9952k 311 21 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 311 22 stereoselectivity stereoselectivity NN cord-299731-sis9952k 311 23 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 311 24 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 311 25 overall overall JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 311 26 yield yield NN cord-299731-sis9952k 311 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 311 28 172 172 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 311 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 311 30 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 312 1 This this DT cord-299731-sis9952k 312 2 method method NN cord-299731-sis9952k 312 3 embodies embody VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 312 4 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 312 5 reaction reaction NN cord-299731-sis9952k 312 6 between between IN cord-299731-sis9952k 312 7 NAM NAM NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 312 8 or or CC cord-299731-sis9952k 312 9 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-299731-sis9952k 312 10 analogs analog NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 312 11 or or CC cord-299731-sis9952k 312 12 derivatives derivative NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 312 13 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 312 14 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 312 15 peracylated peracylated JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 312 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 312 17 halo)-d halo)-d NN cord-299731-sis9952k 312 18 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 312 19 ribofuranose ribofuranose NN cord-299731-sis9952k 312 20 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 312 21 resulting result VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 312 22 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 312 23 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 312 24 acylated acylate VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 312 25 intermediate intermediate JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 312 26 that that WDT cord-299731-sis9952k 312 27 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 312 28 subsequently subsequently RB cord-299731-sis9952k 312 29 converted convert VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 312 30 into into IN cord-299731-sis9952k 312 31 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 312 32 desired desire VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 312 33 NR nr NN cord-299731-sis9952k 312 34 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 312 35 X x NN cord-299731-sis9952k 312 36 − − NN cord-299731-sis9952k 312 37 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 312 38 173 173 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 312 39 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 312 40 174 174 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 312 41 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 312 42 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 313 1 The the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 313 2 synthetic synthetic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 313 3 glycosylation glycosylation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 313 4 conditions condition NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 313 5 depend depend VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 313 6 on on IN cord-299731-sis9952k 313 7 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 313 8 nature nature NN cord-299731-sis9952k 313 9 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 313 10 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 313 11 sugar sugar NN cord-299731-sis9952k 313 12 component component NN cord-299731-sis9952k 313 13 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 313 14 172 172 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 313 15 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 313 16 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 314 1 These these DT cord-299731-sis9952k 314 2 conditions condition NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 314 3 differ differ VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 314 4 whether whether IN cord-299731-sis9952k 314 5 1-halo-2,3,5-tri 1-halo-2,3,5-tri CD cord-299731-sis9952k 314 6 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 314 7 o o NN cord-299731-sis9952k 314 8 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 314 9 acylor acylor NN cord-299731-sis9952k 314 10 1,2,3,5-tetra 1,2,3,5-tetra NN cord-299731-sis9952k 314 11 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 314 12 O o NN cord-299731-sis9952k 314 13 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 314 14 acyl acyl NN cord-299731-sis9952k 314 15 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 314 16 d d NN cord-299731-sis9952k 314 17 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 314 18 ribofuranose ribofuranose NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 314 19 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 314 20 used use VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 314 21 since since IN cord-299731-sis9952k 314 22 fully fully RB cord-299731-sis9952k 314 23 acylated acylate VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 314 24 ribofuranoses ribofuranose NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 314 25 require require VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 314 26 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 314 27 use use NN cord-299731-sis9952k 314 28 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 314 29 Friedel Friedel NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 314 30 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 314 31 Crafts Crafts NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 314 32 catalysts catalyst NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 314 33 that that WDT cord-299731-sis9952k 314 34 need need VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 314 35 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 314 36 be be VB cord-299731-sis9952k 314 37 activated activate VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 314 38 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 314 39 glycosylation glycosylation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 314 40 reagents reagent NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 314 41 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 314 42 172 172 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 314 43 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 314 44 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 315 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-299731-sis9952k 315 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 315 3 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 315 4 X x NN cord-299731-sis9952k 315 5 - - NN cord-299731-sis9952k 315 6 ray ray JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 315 7 structures structure NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 315 8 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 315 9 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 315 10 salts salt NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 315 11 have have VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 315 12 already already RB cord-299731-sis9952k 315 13 been be VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 315 14 determined determine VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 315 15 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 316 1 The the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 316 2 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 316 3 derivatives derivative NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 316 4 nicotinamide nicotinamide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 316 5 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 316 6 β β NN cord-299731-sis9952k 316 7 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 316 8 d d JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 316 9 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 316 10 riboside riboside JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 316 11 chloride chloride NN cord-299731-sis9952k 316 12 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 316 13 nicotinamide nicotinamide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 316 14 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 316 15 β β NN cord-299731-sis9952k 316 16 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 316 17 d d JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 316 18 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 316 19 riboside riboside JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 316 20 bromide bromide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 316 21 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 316 22 thionicotinamide thionicotinamide NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 316 23 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 316 24 β β NN cord-299731-sis9952k 316 25 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 316 26 d d JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 316 27 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 316 28 riboside riboside JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 316 29 bromide bromide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 316 30 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 317 1 nicotinamide nicotinamide NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 317 2 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 317 3 β β NN cord-299731-sis9952k 317 4 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 317 5 d d JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 317 6 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 317 7 riboside riboside JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 317 8 triacetate triacetate NN cord-299731-sis9952k 317 9 bromide bromide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 317 10 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 317 11 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 318 1 thionicotinamide thionicotinamide NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 318 2 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 318 3 β β NN cord-299731-sis9952k 318 4 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 318 5 d d JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 318 6 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 318 7 riboside riboside JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 318 8 triacetate triacetate NN cord-299731-sis9952k 318 9 bromide bromide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 318 10 were be VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 318 11 successfully successfully RB cord-299731-sis9952k 318 12 crystallized crystallize VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 318 13 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 318 14 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 318 15 vapor vapor NN cord-299731-sis9952k 318 16 diffusion diffusion NN cord-299731-sis9952k 318 17 method method NN cord-299731-sis9952k 318 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 318 19 175 175 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 318 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 318 21 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 319 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-299731-sis9952k 319 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 319 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-299731-sis9952k 319 4 was be VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 319 5 found find VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 319 6 that that IN cord-299731-sis9952k 319 7 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 319 8 crystalline crystalline JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 319 9 form form NN cord-299731-sis9952k 319 10 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 319 11 nicotinamide nicotinamide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 319 12 ribose ribose NN cord-299731-sis9952k 319 13 chloride chloride NN cord-299731-sis9952k 319 14 has have VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 319 15 advantageous advantageous JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 319 16 properties property NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 319 17 compared compare VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 319 18 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 319 19 amorphous amorphous JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 319 20 forms form NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 319 21 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 319 22 considering consider VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 319 23 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 319 24 possibilities possibility NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 319 25 for for IN cord-299731-sis9952k 319 26 better well JJR cord-299731-sis9952k 319 27 purification purification NN cord-299731-sis9952k 319 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 319 29 176 176 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 319 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 319 31 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 320 1 However however RB cord-299731-sis9952k 320 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 320 3 further further JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 320 4 development development NN cord-299731-sis9952k 320 5 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 320 6 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 320 7 chemical chemical NN cord-299731-sis9952k 320 8 synthesis synthesis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 320 9 along along IN cord-299731-sis9952k 320 10 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 320 11 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 320 12 better well JJR cord-299731-sis9952k 320 13 understanding understanding NN cord-299731-sis9952k 320 14 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 320 15 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 320 16 chemical chemical JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 320 17 versatility versatility NN cord-299731-sis9952k 320 18 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 320 19 reactivity reactivity NN cord-299731-sis9952k 320 20 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 320 21 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 320 22 ribosylated ribosylated JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 320 23 forms form NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 320 24 on on IN cord-299731-sis9952k 320 25 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 320 26 nicotinoyl nicotinoyl NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 320 27 moiety moiety NN cord-299731-sis9952k 320 28 would would MD cord-299731-sis9952k 320 29 offer offer VB cord-299731-sis9952k 320 30 more more RBR cord-299731-sis9952k 320 31 reliable reliable JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 320 32 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 320 33 more more RBR cord-299731-sis9952k 320 34 scalable scalable JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 320 35 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 320 36 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 320 37 more more RBR cord-299731-sis9952k 320 38 reproducible reproducible JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 320 39 preparations preparation NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 320 40 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 320 41 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 320 42 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 320 43 X x NN cord-299731-sis9952k 320 44 − − NN cord-299731-sis9952k 320 45 salts salt NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 320 46 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 320 47 172 172 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 320 48 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 320 49 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 321 1 In in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 321 2 addition addition NN cord-299731-sis9952k 321 3 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 321 4 effective effective JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 321 5 modifications modification NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 321 6 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 321 7 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 321 8 riboside riboside JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 321 9 residue residue NN cord-299731-sis9952k 321 10 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 321 11 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 321 12 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 321 13 at at IN cord-299731-sis9952k 321 14 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 321 15 5 5 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 321 16 -hydroxy -hydroxy NN cord-299731-sis9952k 321 17 position position NN cord-299731-sis9952k 321 18 could could MD cord-299731-sis9952k 321 19 ensure ensure VB cord-299731-sis9952k 321 20 higher high JJR cord-299731-sis9952k 321 21 yields yield NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 321 22 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 321 23 better well JJR cord-299731-sis9952k 321 24 recovery recovery NN cord-299731-sis9952k 321 25 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 321 26 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 321 27 improved improve VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 321 28 purification purification NN cord-299731-sis9952k 321 29 strategies strategy NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 321 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 321 31 172 172 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 321 32 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 321 33 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 322 1 This this DT cord-299731-sis9952k 322 2 will will MD cord-299731-sis9952k 322 3 enable enable VB cord-299731-sis9952k 322 4 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 322 5 improved improved JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 322 6 preparation preparation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 322 7 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 322 8 new new JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 322 9 pharmaceutically pharmaceutically RB cord-299731-sis9952k 322 10 acceptable acceptable JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 322 11 forms form NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 322 12 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 322 13 potentially potentially RB cord-299731-sis9952k 322 14 therapeutically therapeutically RB cord-299731-sis9952k 322 15 useful useful JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 322 16 forms form NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 322 17 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 322 18 NR nr NN cord-299731-sis9952k 322 19 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 322 20 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 322 21 addition addition NN cord-299731-sis9952k 322 22 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 322 23 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 322 24 atom atom NN cord-299731-sis9952k 322 25 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 322 26 efficient efficient JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 322 27 syntheses synthesis NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 322 28 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 322 29 isotopically isotopically RB cord-299731-sis9952k 322 30 labeled label VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 322 31 NR nr NN cord-299731-sis9952k 322 32 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 322 33 analogs analog NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 322 34 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 322 35 derivatives derivative NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 322 36 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 322 37 172 172 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 322 38 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 322 39 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 323 1 Regarding regard VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 323 2 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 323 3 high high JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 323 4 demand demand NN cord-299731-sis9952k 323 5 for for IN cord-299731-sis9952k 323 6 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 323 7 use use NN cord-299731-sis9952k 323 8 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 323 9 studies study NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 323 10 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 323 11 for for IN cord-299731-sis9952k 323 12 supplementation supplementation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 323 13 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 323 14 new new JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 323 15 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 323 16 reliable reliable JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 323 17 synthetic synthetic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 323 18 methods method NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 323 19 for for IN cord-299731-sis9952k 323 20 NR nr NN cord-299731-sis9952k 323 21 production production NN cord-299731-sis9952k 323 22 have have VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 323 23 been be VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 323 24 developed develop VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 323 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 323 26 177 177 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 323 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 323 28 during during IN cord-299731-sis9952k 323 29 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 323 30 past past JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 323 31 few few JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 323 32 years year NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 323 33 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 323 34 enabling enable VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 323 35 larger large JJR cord-299731-sis9952k 323 36 quantities quantity NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 323 37 available available JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 323 38 for for IN cord-299731-sis9952k 323 39 cell cell NN cord-299731-sis9952k 323 40 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 323 41 based base VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 323 42 studies study NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 323 43 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 323 44 animal animal NN cord-299731-sis9952k 323 45 feeding feeding NN cord-299731-sis9952k 323 46 experiments experiment NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 323 47 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 323 48 37 37 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 323 49 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 323 50 88 88 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 323 51 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 323 52 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 324 1 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 324 2 has have VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 324 3 become become VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 324 4 available available JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 324 5 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 324 6 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 324 7 supplement supplement NN cord-299731-sis9952k 324 8 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 324 9 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 324 10 form form NN cord-299731-sis9952k 324 11 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 324 12 crystalline crystalline JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 324 13 chloride chloride NN cord-299731-sis9952k 324 14 salt salt NN cord-299731-sis9952k 324 15 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 324 16 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 324 17 July July NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 324 18 2013 2013 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 324 19 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 324 20 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 324 21 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 324 22 brand brand NN cord-299731-sis9952k 324 23 name name NN cord-299731-sis9952k 324 24 NIAGEN NIAGEN NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 324 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 324 26 Chromadex Chromadex NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 324 27 Inc. Inc. NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 324 28 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 324 29 Irvine Irvine NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 324 30 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 324 31 CA CA NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 324 32 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 324 33 USA USA NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 324 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 324 35 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 325 1 In in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 325 2 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 325 3 90-day 90-day CD cord-299731-sis9952k 325 4 toxicology toxicology NN cord-299731-sis9952k 325 5 rat rat NN cord-299731-sis9952k 325 6 study study NN cord-299731-sis9952k 325 7 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 325 8 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 325 9 crystalline crystalline JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 325 10 form form NN cord-299731-sis9952k 325 11 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 325 12 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 325 13 chloride chloride NN cord-299731-sis9952k 325 14 was be VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 325 15 tested test VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 325 16 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 325 17 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 325 18 lowest low JJS cord-299731-sis9952k 325 19 observed observed JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 325 20 adverse adverse JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 325 21 effect effect NN cord-299731-sis9952k 325 22 level level NN cord-299731-sis9952k 325 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 325 24 LOAEL LOAEL NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 325 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 325 26 was be VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 325 27 1000 1000 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 325 28 mg mg NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 325 29 / / SYM cord-299731-sis9952k 325 30 kg kg NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 325 31 / / SYM cord-299731-sis9952k 325 32 day day NN cord-299731-sis9952k 325 33 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 325 34 whereas whereas IN cord-299731-sis9952k 325 35 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 325 36 no no DT cord-299731-sis9952k 325 37 observed observed JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 325 38 adverse adverse JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 325 39 effect effect NN cord-299731-sis9952k 325 40 level level NN cord-299731-sis9952k 325 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 325 42 NOAEL NOAEL NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 325 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 325 44 was be VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 325 45 300 300 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 325 46 mg mg NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 325 47 / / SYM cord-299731-sis9952k 325 48 kg kg NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 325 49 / / SYM cord-299731-sis9952k 325 50 day day NN cord-299731-sis9952k 325 51 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 325 52 178 178 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 325 53 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 325 54 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 326 1 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 326 2 has have VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 326 3 also also RB cord-299731-sis9952k 326 4 been be VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 326 5 tested test VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 326 6 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 326 7 six six CD cord-299731-sis9952k 326 8 clinical clinical JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 326 9 trials trial NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 326 10 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 326 11 39 39 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 326 12 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 326 13 43 43 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 326 14 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 326 15 149 149 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 326 16 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 326 17 150 150 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 326 18 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 326 19 179 179 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 326 20 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 326 21 180 180 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 326 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 326 23 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 326 24 where where WRB cord-299731-sis9952k 326 25 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 326 26 was be VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 326 27 established establish VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 326 28 as as RB cord-299731-sis9952k 326 29 safe safe JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 326 30 for for IN cord-299731-sis9952k 326 31 short short JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 326 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 326 33 8 8 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 326 34 days day NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 326 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 326 36 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 326 37 150 150 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 326 38 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 326 39 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 326 40 long long JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 326 41 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 326 42 term term NN cord-299731-sis9952k 326 43 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 326 44 6 6 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 326 45 weeks week NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 326 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 326 47 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 326 48 39 39 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 326 49 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 326 50 179 179 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 326 51 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 326 52 use use VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 326 53 along along IN cord-299731-sis9952k 326 54 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 326 55 confirmed confirm VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 326 56 oral oral JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 326 57 availability availability NN cord-299731-sis9952k 326 58 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 326 59 149 149 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 326 60 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 326 61 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 327 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-299731-sis9952k 327 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 327 3 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 327 4 randomized randomized JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 327 5 8-week 8-week CD cord-299731-sis9952k 327 6 placebo placebo NN cord-299731-sis9952k 327 7 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 327 8 controlled control VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 327 9 trial trial NN cord-299731-sis9952k 327 10 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 327 11 three three CD cord-299731-sis9952k 327 12 different different JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 327 13 doses dose NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 327 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 327 15 up up IN cord-299731-sis9952k 327 16 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 327 17 1 1 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 327 18 g g NN cord-299731-sis9952k 327 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 327 20 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 327 21 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 327 22 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 327 23 tested test VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 327 24 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 327 25 overweight overweight JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 327 26 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 327 27 healthy healthy JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 327 28 adults adult NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 327 29 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 327 30 reported report VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 327 31 that that IN cord-299731-sis9952k 327 32 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 327 33 chloride chloride NN cord-299731-sis9952k 327 34 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 327 35 safe safe JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 327 36 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 327 37 orally orally RB cord-299731-sis9952k 327 38 available available JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 327 39 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 327 40 178 178 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 327 41 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 327 42 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 328 1 Remarkable remarkable JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 328 2 discoveries discovery NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 328 3 regarding regard VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 328 4 numerous numerous JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 328 5 beneficial beneficial JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 328 6 health health NN cord-299731-sis9952k 328 7 effects effect NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 328 8 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 328 9 NR nr NN cord-299731-sis9952k 328 10 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 328 11 preclinical preclinical JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 328 12 studies study NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 328 13 might may MD cord-299731-sis9952k 328 14 finally finally RB cord-299731-sis9952k 328 15 culminate culminate VB cord-299731-sis9952k 328 16 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 328 17 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 328 18 breakthrough breakthrough NN cord-299731-sis9952k 328 19 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 328 20 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 328 21 enable enable VB cord-299731-sis9952k 328 22 treatment treatment NN cord-299731-sis9952k 328 23 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 328 24 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 328 25 large large JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 328 26 number number NN cord-299731-sis9952k 328 27 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 328 28 metabolic metabolic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 328 29 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 328 30 neurodegenerative neurodegenerative JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 328 31 disorders disorder NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 328 32 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 329 1 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 329 2 effects effect NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 329 3 are be VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 329 4 currently currently RB cord-299731-sis9952k 329 5 being be VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 329 6 investigated investigate VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 329 7 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 329 8 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 329 9 significant significant JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 329 10 number number NN cord-299731-sis9952k 329 11 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 329 12 clinical clinical JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 329 13 trials trial NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 329 14 [ [ -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 329 15 181 181 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 329 16 ] ] -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 329 17 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 329 18 including include VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 329 19 research research NN cord-299731-sis9952k 329 20 into into IN cord-299731-sis9952k 329 21 diverse diverse JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 329 22 cardiovascular cardiovascular JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 329 23 diseases disease NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 329 24 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 329 25 neural neural JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 329 26 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 329 27 cognitive cognitive JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 329 28 functions function NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 329 29 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 329 30 metabolic metabolic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 329 31 disturbances disturbance NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 329 32 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 329 33 muscular muscular JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 329 34 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 329 35 kidney kidney NN cord-299731-sis9952k 329 36 injuries injury NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 329 37 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 329 38 aging age VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 329 39 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 329 40 chemotherapy chemotherapy NN cord-299731-sis9952k 329 41 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 330 1 In in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 330 2 addition addition NN cord-299731-sis9952k 330 3 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 330 4 fundamental fundamental JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 330 5 research research NN cord-299731-sis9952k 330 6 on on IN cord-299731-sis9952k 330 7 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 330 8 transport transport NN cord-299731-sis9952k 330 9 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 330 10 metabolic metabolic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 330 11 pathways pathway NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 330 12 will will MD cord-299731-sis9952k 330 13 further further RB cord-299731-sis9952k 330 14 support support VB cord-299731-sis9952k 330 15 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 330 16 rapid rapid JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 330 17 translation translation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 330 18 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 330 19 effective effective JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 330 20 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 330 21 use use NN cord-299731-sis9952k 330 22 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 331 1 The the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 331 2 advantages advantage NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 331 3 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 331 4 using use VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 331 5 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 331 6 over over IN cord-299731-sis9952k 331 7 alternative alternative JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 331 8 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 331 9 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 331 10 precursors precursor NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 331 11 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 331 12 including include VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 331 13 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-299731-sis9952k 331 14 safety safety NN cord-299731-sis9952k 331 15 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 331 16 efficiency efficiency NN cord-299731-sis9952k 331 17 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 331 18 suggest suggest VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 331 19 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 331 20 possible possible JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 331 21 replacement replacement NN cord-299731-sis9952k 331 22 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 331 23 niacin niacin NN cord-299731-sis9952k 331 24 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 331 25 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 331 26 general general JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 331 27 supplement supplement NN cord-299731-sis9952k 331 28 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 331 29 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 331 30 near near JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 331 31 future future NN cord-299731-sis9952k 331 32 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 332 1 However however RB cord-299731-sis9952k 332 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 332 3 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 332 4 use use NN cord-299731-sis9952k 332 5 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 332 6 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 332 7 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 332 8 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 332 9 nutritional nutritional JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 332 10 supplement supplement NN cord-299731-sis9952k 332 11 still still RB cord-299731-sis9952k 332 12 has have VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 332 13 certain certain JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 332 14 limitations limitation NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 332 15 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 332 16 respect respect NN cord-299731-sis9952k 332 17 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 332 18 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-299731-sis9952k 332 19 production production NN cord-299731-sis9952k 332 20 methods method NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 332 21 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 332 22 including include VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 332 23 low low JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 332 24 yield yield NN cord-299731-sis9952k 332 25 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 332 26 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 332 27 use use NN cord-299731-sis9952k 332 28 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 332 29 expensive expensive JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 332 30 or or CC cord-299731-sis9952k 332 31 hazardous hazardous JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 332 32 reagents reagent NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 332 33 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 332 34 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 332 35 pharmaceutically pharmaceutically RB cord-299731-sis9952k 332 36 unacceptable unacceptable JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 332 37 species specie NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 332 38 that that WDT cord-299731-sis9952k 332 39 may may MD cord-299731-sis9952k 332 40 be be VB cord-299731-sis9952k 332 41 toxic toxic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 332 42 or or CC cord-299731-sis9952k 332 43 biologically biologically RB cord-299731-sis9952k 332 44 intolerable intolerable JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 332 45 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 332 46 other other JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 332 47 means mean NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 332 48 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 333 1 With with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 333 2 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 333 3 rising rise VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 333 4 number number NN cord-299731-sis9952k 333 5 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 333 6 patents patent NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 333 7 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 333 8 these these DT cord-299731-sis9952k 333 9 limitations limitation NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 333 10 are be VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 333 11 being be VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 333 12 overcome overcome VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 333 13 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 333 14 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 333 15 development development NN cord-299731-sis9952k 333 16 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 333 17 new new JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 333 18 or or CC cord-299731-sis9952k 333 19 improved improved JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 333 20 methods method NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 333 21 for for IN cord-299731-sis9952k 333 22 chemical chemical JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 333 23 synthesis synthesis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 333 24 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 333 25 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 333 26 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 333 27 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-299731-sis9952k 333 28 derivatives derivative NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 333 29 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 334 1 This this DT cord-299731-sis9952k 334 2 will will MD cord-299731-sis9952k 334 3 enable enable VB cord-299731-sis9952k 334 4 robust robust JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 334 5 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 334 6 cost cost NN cord-299731-sis9952k 334 7 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 334 8 effective effective JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 334 9 production production NN cord-299731-sis9952k 334 10 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 334 11 higher high JJR cord-299731-sis9952k 334 12 purity purity NN cord-299731-sis9952k 334 13 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 334 14 stereoselectivity stereoselectivity NN cord-299731-sis9952k 334 15 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 335 1 Extensive extensive JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 335 2 research research NN cord-299731-sis9952k 335 3 into into IN cord-299731-sis9952k 335 4 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 335 5 might may MD cord-299731-sis9952k 335 6 also also RB cord-299731-sis9952k 335 7 lead lead VB cord-299731-sis9952k 335 8 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 335 9 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-299731-sis9952k 335 10 global global JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 335 11 availability availability NN cord-299731-sis9952k 335 12 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 335 13 supplementation supplementation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 335 14 use use NN cord-299731-sis9952k 335 15 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 335 16 novel novel JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 335 17 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 335 18 strategies strategy NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 335 19 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 335 20 most most RBS cord-299731-sis9952k 335 21 importantly importantly RB cord-299731-sis9952k 335 22 for for IN cord-299731-sis9952k 335 23 pathophysiological pathophysiological JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 335 24 conditions condition NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 335 25 that that WDT cord-299731-sis9952k 335 26 currently currently RB cord-299731-sis9952k 335 27 lack lack VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 335 28 efficient efficient JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 335 29 treatment treatment NN cord-299731-sis9952k 335 30 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 336 1 Funding funding NN cord-299731-sis9952k 336 2 : : : cord-299731-sis9952k 337 1 This this DT cord-299731-sis9952k 337 2 research research NN cord-299731-sis9952k 337 3 received receive VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 337 4 no no DT cord-299731-sis9952k 337 5 external external JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 337 6 funding funding NN cord-299731-sis9952k 337 7 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 338 1 The the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 338 2 authors author NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 338 3 declare declare VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 338 4 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 338 5 following follow VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 338 6 competing compete VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 338 7 financial financial JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 338 8 interest(s interest(s NN cord-299731-sis9952k 338 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 338 10 : : : cord-299731-sis9952k 338 11 M.M M.M NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 338 12 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 338 13 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 338 14 are be VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 338 15 employees employee NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 338 16 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 338 17 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 338 18 Biosynth Biosynth NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 338 19 Carbosynth Carbosynth NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 338 20 group group NN cord-299731-sis9952k 338 21 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 338 22 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 338 23 corporation corporation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 338 24 that that WDT cord-299731-sis9952k 338 25 sells sell VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 338 26 various various JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 338 27 nicotinamide nicotinamide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 338 28 riboside riboside NN cord-299731-sis9952k 338 29 derivatives derivative NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 338 30 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 339 1 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 339 2 acknowledges acknowledge VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 339 3 that that IN cord-299731-sis9952k 339 4 he -PRON- PRP cord-299731-sis9952k 339 5 has have VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 339 6 intellectual intellectual JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 339 7 property property NN cord-299731-sis9952k 339 8 related relate VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 339 9 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 339 10 methods method NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 339 11 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 339 12 produce produce VB cord-299731-sis9952k 339 13 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 339 14 salts salt NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 339 15 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 339 16 possible possible JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 339 17 uses use NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 339 18 thereof thereof RB cord-299731-sis9952k 339 19 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 340 1 Royalties royalty NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 340 2 on on IN cord-299731-sis9952k 340 3 sales sale NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 340 4 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 340 5 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 340 6 are be VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 340 7 expected expect VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 340 8 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 340 9 accrue accrue VB cord-299731-sis9952k 340 10 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 340 11 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 340 12 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 340 13 inventor inventor NN cord-299731-sis9952k 340 14 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 341 1 No no DT cord-299731-sis9952k 341 2 further further JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 341 3 conflicts conflict NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 341 4 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 341 5 interest interest NN cord-299731-sis9952k 341 6 are be VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 341 7 declared declare VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 341 8 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 342 1 NAD+ NAD+ NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 342 2 Metabolism Metabolism NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 342 3 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 342 4 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 342 5 Control Control NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 342 6 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 342 7 Energy Energy NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 342 8 Homeostasis Homeostasis NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 342 9 : : : cord-299731-sis9952k 343 1 A a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 343 2 Balancing Balancing NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 343 3 Act Act NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 343 4 between between IN cord-299731-sis9952k 343 5 Mitochondria Mitochondria NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 343 6 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 343 7 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 343 8 Nucleus Nucleus NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 343 9 NAD+ NAD+ NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 343 10 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 343 11 sirtuins sirtuin NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 343 12 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 343 13 aging aging NN cord-299731-sis9952k 343 14 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 343 15 disease disease NN cord-299731-sis9952k 343 16 NAD+ NAD+ NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 343 17 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 343 18 aging age VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 343 19 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 343 20 metabolism metabolism NN cord-299731-sis9952k 343 21 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 343 22 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 343 23 neurodegeneration neurodegeneration NN cord-299731-sis9952k 344 1 The the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 344 2 importance importance NN cord-299731-sis9952k 344 3 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 344 4 NAMPT NAMPT NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 344 5 / / SYM cord-299731-sis9952k 344 6 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 344 7 / / , cord-299731-sis9952k 344 8 SIRT1 sirt1 XX cord-299731-sis9952k 344 9 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 344 10 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 344 11 systemic systemic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 344 12 regulation regulation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 344 13 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 344 14 metabolism metabolism NN cord-299731-sis9952k 344 15 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 344 16 ageing age VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 344 17 The the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 344 18 many many JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 344 19 faces face NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 344 20 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 344 21 sirtuins sirtuin NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 344 22 : : : cord-299731-sis9952k 344 23 Coupling coupling NN cord-299731-sis9952k 344 24 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 344 25 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 344 26 metabolism metabolism NN cord-299731-sis9952k 344 27 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 344 28 sirtuins sirtuin NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 344 29 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 344 30 lifespan lifespan NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 344 31 Mammalian mammalian JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 344 32 sirtuins sirtuin NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 344 33 : : : cord-299731-sis9952k 344 34 Biological biological JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 344 35 insights insight NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 344 36 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 344 37 disease disease NN cord-299731-sis9952k 344 38 relevance relevance NN cord-299731-sis9952k 344 39 Nicotinamide Nicotinamide NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 344 40 mononucleotide mononucleotide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 344 41 activation activation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 344 42 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 344 43 new new JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 344 44 DNA dna NN cord-299731-sis9952k 344 45 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 344 46 dependent dependent JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 344 47 polyadenylic polyadenylic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 344 48 acid acid NN cord-299731-sis9952k 344 49 synthesizing synthesize VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 344 50 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 344 51 enzyme enzyme NN cord-299731-sis9952k 344 52 Autocrine Autocrine NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 344 53 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 344 54 paracrine paracrine JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 344 55 calcium calcium NN cord-299731-sis9952k 344 56 signaling signal VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 344 57 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 344 58 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 344 59 CD38 CD38 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 344 60 / / SYM cord-299731-sis9952k 344 61 NAD+/cyclic NAD+/cyclic NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 344 62 ADP ADP NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 344 63 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 344 64 ribose ribose NN cord-299731-sis9952k 344 65 system system NN cord-299731-sis9952k 345 1 Transcriptional transcriptional JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 345 2 silencing silencing NN cord-299731-sis9952k 345 3 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 345 4 longevity longevity NN cord-299731-sis9952k 345 5 protein protein NN cord-299731-sis9952k 346 1 Sir2 Sir2 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 346 2 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 346 3 an an DT cord-299731-sis9952k 346 4 NAD+-dependent nad+-dependent NN cord-299731-sis9952k 346 5 histone histone NN cord-299731-sis9952k 346 6 deacetylase deacetylase NN cord-299731-sis9952k 346 7 Discoveries discovery NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 346 8 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 346 9 nicotinamide nicotinamide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 346 10 riboside riboside JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 346 11 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 346 12 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 346 13 nutrient nutrient NN cord-299731-sis9952k 346 14 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 346 15 conserved conserve VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 346 16 NRKgenes NRKgenes NNPS cord-299731-sis9952k 346 17 establish establish VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 346 18 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 346 19 Preiss Preiss NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 346 20 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 346 21 Handler handler NN cord-299731-sis9952k 346 22 independent independent JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 346 23 route route NN cord-299731-sis9952k 346 24 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 346 25 NAD+ NAD+ NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 346 26 in in RB cord-299731-sis9952k 347 1 fungi fungus NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 347 2 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 347 3 humans human NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 347 4 Nicotinamide Nicotinamide NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 347 5 riboside riboside NN cord-299731-sis9952k 347 6 promotes promote VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 347 7 Sir2 Sir2 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 347 8 silencing silencing NN cord-299731-sis9952k 347 9 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 347 10 extends extend VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 347 11 lifespan lifespan NN cord-299731-sis9952k 347 12 via via IN cord-299731-sis9952k 347 13 Nrk Nrk NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 347 14 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 347 15 Urh1 Urh1 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 347 16 / / SYM cord-299731-sis9952k 347 17 Pnp1 Pnp1 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 347 18 / / SYM cord-299731-sis9952k 347 19 Meu1 meu1 JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 347 20 pathways pathway NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 347 21 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 347 22 NAD+ NAD+ NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 348 1 The the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 348 2 NAD+ NAD+ NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 348 3 biosynthesis biosynthesis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 348 4 pathway pathway NN cord-299731-sis9952k 348 5 mediated mediate VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 348 6 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 348 7 nicotinamide nicotinamide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 348 8 phosphoribosyltransferase phosphoribosyltransferase NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 348 9 regulates regulate VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 348 10 Sir2 Sir2 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 348 11 activity activity NN cord-299731-sis9952k 348 12 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 348 13 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 348 14 cells cell NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 348 15 Structure Structure NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 348 16 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 348 17 Nampt Nampt NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 348 18 / / SYM cord-299731-sis9952k 348 19 PBEF PBEF NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 348 20 / / SYM cord-299731-sis9952k 348 21 visfatin visfatin NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 348 22 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 348 23 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 348 24 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 348 25 NAD+ NAD+ NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 348 26 biosynthetic biosynthetic NN cord-299731-sis9952k 348 27 enzyme enzyme NN cord-299731-sis9952k 348 28 Nicotinic nicotinic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 348 29 acid acid NN cord-299731-sis9952k 348 30 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 348 31 nicotinamide nicotinamide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 348 32 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 348 33 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 348 34 nicotinamide nicotinamide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 348 35 riboside riboside NN cord-299731-sis9952k 348 36 : : : cord-299731-sis9952k 348 37 A a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 348 38 molecular molecular JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 348 39 evaluation evaluation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 348 40 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 348 41 NAD+ NAD+ NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 348 42 precursor precursor NN cord-299731-sis9952k 348 43 vitamins vitamin NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 348 44 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 348 45 human human JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 348 46 nutrition nutrition NN cord-299731-sis9952k 348 47 Nicotinamide Nicotinamide NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 348 48 mononucleotide mononucleotide NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 348 49 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 348 50 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 348 51 key key JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 348 52 NAD+ NAD+ NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 348 53 intermediate intermediate JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 348 54 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 348 55 treats treat VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 348 56 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 348 57 pathophysiology pathophysiology NN cord-299731-sis9952k 348 58 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 348 59 diet diet NN cord-299731-sis9952k 348 60 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 348 61 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 348 62 age age NN cord-299731-sis9952k 348 63 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 348 64 induced induce VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 348 65 diabetes diabetes NN cord-299731-sis9952k 348 66 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 348 67 mice mouse NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 349 1 Declining decline VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 349 2 NAD+ NAD+ NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 349 3 Induces induce VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 349 4 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 349 5 Pseudohypoxic Pseudohypoxic NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 349 6 State State NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 349 7 Disrupting Disrupting NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 349 8 Nuclear Nuclear NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 349 9 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 349 10 Mitochondrial Mitochondrial NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 349 11 Communication Communication NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 349 12 during during IN cord-299731-sis9952k 349 13 Mapping Mapping NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 349 14 NAD+ NAD+ NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 349 15 metabolism metabolism NN cord-299731-sis9952k 349 16 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 349 17 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 349 18 brain brain NN cord-299731-sis9952k 349 19 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 349 20 ageing age VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 349 21 Wistar Wistar NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 349 22 rats rat NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 349 23 : : : cord-299731-sis9952k 350 1 Potential potential JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 350 2 targets target NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 350 3 for for IN cord-299731-sis9952k 350 4 influencing influence VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 350 5 brain brain NN cord-299731-sis9952k 350 6 senescence senescence NN cord-299731-sis9952k 350 7 Novel Novel NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 350 8 assay assay NN cord-299731-sis9952k 350 9 for for IN cord-299731-sis9952k 350 10 simultaneous simultaneous JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 350 11 measurement measurement NN cord-299731-sis9952k 350 12 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 350 13 pyridine pyridine NN cord-299731-sis9952k 350 14 mononucleotides mononucleotide NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 350 15 synthesizing synthesize VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 350 16 activities activity NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 350 17 allows allow VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 350 18 dissection dissection NN cord-299731-sis9952k 350 19 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 350 20 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 350 21 NAD+biosynthetic nad+biosynthetic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 350 22 machinery machinery NN cord-299731-sis9952k 350 23 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 350 24 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 350 25 cells cell NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 350 26 Metabolic metabolic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 350 27 Profiling profiling NN cord-299731-sis9952k 350 28 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 350 29 Alternative Alternative NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 350 30 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 350 31 Biosynthetic Biosynthetic NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 350 32 Routes Routes NNPS cord-299731-sis9952k 350 33 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 350 34 Mouse Mouse NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 350 35 Tissues Tissues NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 350 36 Specific specific JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 350 37 ablation ablation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 350 38 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 350 39 Nampt Nampt NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 350 40 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 350 41 adult adult JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 350 42 neural neural JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 350 43 stem stem NN cord-299731-sis9952k 350 44 cells cell NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 350 45 recapitulates recapitulate VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 350 46 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-299731-sis9952k 350 47 functional functional JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 350 48 defects defect NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 350 49 during during IN cord-299731-sis9952k 350 50 aging age VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 350 51 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 350 52 synthesis synthesis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 350 53 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 350 54 animal animal NN cord-299731-sis9952k 350 55 tissues tissue NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 351 1 Sirtuins Sirtuins NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 351 2 : : : cord-299731-sis9952k 351 3 The the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 351 4 " " `` cord-299731-sis9952k 351 5 magnificent magnificent JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 351 6 seven seven CD cord-299731-sis9952k 351 7 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 351 8 " " '' cord-299731-sis9952k 351 9 function function NN cord-299731-sis9952k 351 10 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 351 11 metabolism metabolism NN cord-299731-sis9952k 351 12 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 351 13 longevity longevity NN cord-299731-sis9952k 352 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-299731-sis9952k 352 2 takes take VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 352 3 two two CD cord-299731-sis9952k 352 4 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 352 5 tango tango NN cord-299731-sis9952k 352 6 : : : cord-299731-sis9952k 353 1 NAD+ NAD+ NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 353 2 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 353 3 sirtuins sirtuin NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 353 4 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 353 5 aging age VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 353 6 / / SYM cord-299731-sis9952k 353 7 longevity longevity NN cord-299731-sis9952k 353 8 control control NN cord-299731-sis9952k 353 9 PARP-1 parp-1 JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 353 10 inhibition inhibition NN cord-299731-sis9952k 353 11 increases increase NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 353 12 mitochondrial mitochondrial JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 353 13 metabolism metabolism NN cord-299731-sis9952k 353 14 through through IN cord-299731-sis9952k 353 15 SIRT1 sirt1 NN cord-299731-sis9952k 353 16 activation activation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 353 17 ADP ADP NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 353 18 ribosyl ribosyl NN cord-299731-sis9952k 353 19 cyclase cyclase NN cord-299731-sis9952k 353 20 activity activity NN cord-299731-sis9952k 353 21 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 353 22 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 353 23 novel novel JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 353 24 bone bone NN cord-299731-sis9952k 353 25 marrow marrow NN cord-299731-sis9952k 353 26 stromal stromal NN cord-299731-sis9952k 353 27 cell cell NN cord-299731-sis9952k 353 28 surface surface NN cord-299731-sis9952k 353 29 molecule molecule NN cord-299731-sis9952k 353 30 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 354 1 BST-1 BST-1 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 354 2 Formation formation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 354 3 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 354 4 hydrolysis hydrolysis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 354 5 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 354 6 cyclic cyclic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 354 7 ADP adp NN cord-299731-sis9952k 354 8 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 354 9 ribose ribose NN cord-299731-sis9952k 354 10 catalyzed catalyze VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 354 11 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 354 12 lymphocyte lymphocyte NN cord-299731-sis9952k 354 13 antigen antigen NN cord-299731-sis9952k 354 14 CD38 CD38 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 354 15 Synthesis Synthesis NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 354 16 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 354 17 degradation degradation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 354 18 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 354 19 cyclic cyclic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 354 20 ADP adp NN cord-299731-sis9952k 354 21 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 354 22 ribose ribose NN cord-299731-sis9952k 354 23 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 354 24 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 354 25 glycohydrolases glycohydrolase NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 354 26 CD73 CD73 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 354 27 protein protein NN cord-299731-sis9952k 354 28 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 354 29 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 354 30 source source NN cord-299731-sis9952k 354 31 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 354 32 extracellular extracellular JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 354 33 precursors precursor NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 354 34 for for IN cord-299731-sis9952k 354 35 sustained sustained JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 354 36 NAD+ NAD+ NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 354 37 biosynthesis biosynthesis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 354 38 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 354 39 FK866-treated FK866-treated NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 354 40 tumor tumor NN cord-299731-sis9952k 354 41 cells cell NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 355 1 A a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 355 2 pre pre JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 355 3 - - JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 355 4 steady steady JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 355 5 state state NN cord-299731-sis9952k 355 6 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 355 7 steady steady JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 355 8 state state NN cord-299731-sis9952k 355 9 kinetic kinetic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 355 10 analysis analysis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 355 11 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 355 12 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 355 13 N n CD cord-299731-sis9952k 355 14 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 355 15 ribosyl ribosyl NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 355 16 hydrolase hydrolase NN cord-299731-sis9952k 355 17 activity activity NN cord-299731-sis9952k 355 18 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 355 19 hCD157 hcd157 DT cord-299731-sis9952k 355 20 CD38 CD38 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 355 21 Dictates dictate VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 355 22 Age Age NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 355 23 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 355 24 Related relate VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 355 25 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 355 26 Decline Decline NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 355 27 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 355 28 Mitochondrial Mitochondrial NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 355 29 Dysfunction Dysfunction NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 355 30 through through IN cord-299731-sis9952k 355 31 an an DT cord-299731-sis9952k 355 32 SIRT3-Dependent SIRT3-Dependent NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 355 33 Mechanism Mechanism NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 355 34 Regulation regulation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 355 35 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 355 36 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 355 37 levels level NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 355 38 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 355 39 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 355 40 : : : cord-299731-sis9952k 355 41 A a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 355 42 novel novel JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 355 43 role role NN cord-299731-sis9952k 355 44 for for IN cord-299731-sis9952k 355 45 CD38 CD38 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 355 46 Flavonoid flavonoid JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 355 47 apigenin apigenin NN cord-299731-sis9952k 355 48 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 355 49 an an DT cord-299731-sis9952k 355 50 inhibitor inhibitor NN cord-299731-sis9952k 355 51 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 355 52 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 355 53 NAD+ NAD+ NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 355 54 ase ase NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 355 55 CD38 CD38 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 355 56 : : : cord-299731-sis9952k 355 57 Implications implication NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 355 58 for for IN cord-299731-sis9952k 355 59 cellular cellular JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 355 60 NAD+ NAD+ NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 355 61 metabolism metabolism NN cord-299731-sis9952k 355 62 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 355 63 protein protein NN cord-299731-sis9952k 355 64 acetylation acetylation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 355 65 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 355 66 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 355 67 treatment treatment NN cord-299731-sis9952k 355 68 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 355 69 metabolic metabolic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 355 70 syndrome syndrome NN cord-299731-sis9952k 356 1 The the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 356 2 SARM1 sarm1 XX cord-299731-sis9952k 356 3 Toll Toll NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 356 4 / / SYM cord-299731-sis9952k 356 5 Interleukin-1 Interleukin-1 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 356 6 Receptor Receptor NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 356 7 Domain Domain NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 356 8 Possesses possess VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 357 1 Intrinsic intrinsic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 357 2 NAD+ NAD+ NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 357 3 Cleavage Cleavage NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 357 4 Activity Activity NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 357 5 that that WDT cord-299731-sis9952k 357 6 Promotes promote VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 357 7 Pathological Pathological NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 357 8 Axonal Axonal NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 357 9 Degeneration Degeneration NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 357 10 SIRT3 sirt3 NN cord-299731-sis9952k 357 11 Regulation regulation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 357 12 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 357 13 Mitochondrial Mitochondrial NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 357 14 Quality Quality NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 357 15 Control Control NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 357 16 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 357 17 Neurodegenerative Neurodegenerative NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 357 18 Diseases Diseases NNPS cord-299731-sis9952k 357 19 Long Long NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 357 20 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 357 21 Term Term NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 357 22 Administration Administration NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 357 23 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 357 24 Nicotinamide Nicotinamide NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 357 25 Mononucleotide Mononucleotide NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 357 26 Mitigates mitigate VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 357 27 Age Age NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 357 28 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 357 29 Associated Associated NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 357 30 Physiological physiological JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 357 31 Decline decline NN cord-299731-sis9952k 357 32 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 357 33 Mice mice NN cord-299731-sis9952k 358 1 The the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 358 2 Biology Biology NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 358 3 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 358 4 Therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 358 5 Potential potential NN cord-299731-sis9952k 358 6 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 358 7 NMN NMN NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 358 8 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 359 1 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 359 2 The the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 359 3 NAD(+ nad(+ CD cord-299731-sis9952k 359 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 359 5 precursor precursor NN cord-299731-sis9952k 359 6 nicotinamide nicotinamide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 359 7 riboside riboside NN cord-299731-sis9952k 359 8 enhances enhance VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 359 9 oxidative oxidative JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 359 10 metabolism metabolism NN cord-299731-sis9952k 359 11 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 359 12 protects protect VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 359 13 against against IN cord-299731-sis9952k 359 14 high high JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 359 15 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 359 16 fat fat NN cord-299731-sis9952k 359 17 diet diet NN cord-299731-sis9952k 359 18 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 359 19 induced induce VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 359 20 obesity obesity NN cord-299731-sis9952k 359 21 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 360 1 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 360 2 repletion repletion NN cord-299731-sis9952k 360 3 improves improve VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 360 4 mitochondrial mitochondrial NN cord-299731-sis9952k 360 5 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 360 6 stem stem NN cord-299731-sis9952k 360 7 cell cell NN cord-299731-sis9952k 360 8 function function NN cord-299731-sis9952k 360 9 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 360 10 enhances enhance VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 360 11 life life NN cord-299731-sis9952k 360 12 span span NN cord-299731-sis9952k 360 13 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 360 14 mice mouse NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 361 1 Chronic chronic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 361 2 nicotinamide nicotinamide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 361 3 riboside riboside NN cord-299731-sis9952k 361 4 supplementation supplementation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 361 5 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 361 6 well well RB cord-299731-sis9952k 361 7 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 361 8 tolerated tolerate VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 361 9 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 361 10 elevates elevate VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 361 11 NAD+ NAD+ NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 361 12 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 361 13 healthy healthy JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 361 14 middle middle NN cord-299731-sis9952k 361 15 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 361 16 aged aged JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 361 17 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 361 18 older old JJR cord-299731-sis9952k 361 19 adults adult NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 362 1 Nicotinamide Nicotinamide NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 362 2 Riboside Riboside NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 362 3 Opposes oppose VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 362 4 Type type NN cord-299731-sis9952k 362 5 2 2 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 362 6 Diabetes diabetes NN cord-299731-sis9952k 362 7 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 362 8 Neuropathy neuropathy NN cord-299731-sis9952k 362 9 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 362 10 Mice Mice NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 362 11 Reactive reactive JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 362 12 oxygen oxygen NN cord-299731-sis9952k 362 13 species specie NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 362 14 have have VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 362 15 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 362 16 causal causal JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 362 17 role role NN cord-299731-sis9952k 362 18 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 362 19 multiple multiple JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 362 20 forms form NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 362 21 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 362 22 insulin insulin NN cord-299731-sis9952k 362 23 resistance resistance NN cord-299731-sis9952k 363 1 A a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 363 2 randomized randomized JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 363 3 placebo placebo NN cord-299731-sis9952k 363 4 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 363 5 controlled control VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 363 6 clinical clinical JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 363 7 trial trial NN cord-299731-sis9952k 363 8 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 363 9 nicotinamide nicotinamide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 363 10 riboside riboside NN cord-299731-sis9952k 363 11 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 363 12 obese obese JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 363 13 men man NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 363 14 : : : cord-299731-sis9952k 363 15 Safety safety NN cord-299731-sis9952k 363 16 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 363 17 insulin insulin NN cord-299731-sis9952k 363 18 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 363 19 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-299731-sis9952k 363 20 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 363 21 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 363 22 lipid lipid NN cord-299731-sis9952k 363 23 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 363 24 mobilizing mobilize VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 363 25 effects effect NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 363 26 Eliciting elicit VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 363 27 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 363 28 mitochondrial mitochondrial NN cord-299731-sis9952k 363 29 unfolded unfold VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 363 30 protein protein NN cord-299731-sis9952k 363 31 response response NN cord-299731-sis9952k 363 32 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 364 1 nicotinamide nicotinamide NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 364 2 adenine adenine NN cord-299731-sis9952k 364 3 dinucleotide dinucleotide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 364 4 repletion repletion NN cord-299731-sis9952k 364 5 reverses reverse VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 364 6 fatty fatty JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 364 7 liver liver NN cord-299731-sis9952k 364 8 disease disease NN cord-299731-sis9952k 364 9 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 364 10 mice mouse NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 365 1 Sirt1 Sirt1 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 365 2 activation activation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 365 3 protects protect VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 365 4 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 365 5 mouse mouse NN cord-299731-sis9952k 365 6 renal renal JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 365 7 medulla medulla NN cord-299731-sis9952k 365 8 from from IN cord-299731-sis9952k 365 9 oxidative oxidative JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 365 10 injury injury NN cord-299731-sis9952k 366 1 Sirt1 Sirt1 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 366 2 regulates regulate VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 366 3 insulin insulin NN cord-299731-sis9952k 366 4 secretion secretion NN cord-299731-sis9952k 366 5 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 366 6 repressing repress VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 366 7 UCP2 UCP2 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 366 8 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 366 9 pancreatic pancreatic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 366 10 beta beta NN cord-299731-sis9952k 366 11 cells cell NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 367 1 Increased increase VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 367 2 dosage dosage NN cord-299731-sis9952k 367 3 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 367 4 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 367 5 Sir2 Sir2 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 367 6 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 367 7 pancreatic pancreatic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 367 8 beta beta NN cord-299731-sis9952k 367 9 cells cell NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 367 10 enhances enhance VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 367 11 glucose glucose NN cord-299731-sis9952k 367 12 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 367 13 stimulated stimulate VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 367 14 insulin insulin NN cord-299731-sis9952k 367 15 secretion secretion NN cord-299731-sis9952k 367 16 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 367 17 mice mouse NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 368 1 Sirt1 Sirt1 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 368 2 protects protect VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 368 3 against against IN cord-299731-sis9952k 368 4 high high JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 368 5 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 368 6 fat fat NN cord-299731-sis9952k 368 7 diet diet NN cord-299731-sis9952k 368 8 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 368 9 induced induce VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 368 10 metabolic metabolic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 368 11 damage damage NN cord-299731-sis9952k 368 12 Direct direct JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 368 13 evidence evidence NN cord-299731-sis9952k 368 14 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 368 15 sirtuin sirtuin NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 368 16 downregulation downregulation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 368 17 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 368 18 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 368 19 liver liver NN cord-299731-sis9952k 368 20 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 368 21 non non JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 368 22 - - JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 368 23 alcoholic alcoholic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 368 24 fatty fatty JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 368 25 liver liver NN cord-299731-sis9952k 368 26 disease disease NN cord-299731-sis9952k 368 27 patients patient NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 369 1 Uric uric JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 369 2 acid acid NN cord-299731-sis9952k 369 3 regulates regulate VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 369 4 hepatic hepatic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 369 5 steatosis steatosis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 369 6 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 369 7 insulin insulin NN cord-299731-sis9952k 369 8 resistance resistance NN cord-299731-sis9952k 369 9 through through IN cord-299731-sis9952k 369 10 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 369 11 NLRP3 NLRP3 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 369 12 inflammasome inflammasome NN cord-299731-sis9952k 369 13 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 369 14 dependent dependent JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 369 15 mechanism mechanism NN cord-299731-sis9952k 369 16 FXR FXR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 369 17 acetylation acetylation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 369 18 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 369 19 normally normally RB cord-299731-sis9952k 369 20 dynamically dynamically RB cord-299731-sis9952k 369 21 regulated regulate VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 369 22 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 369 23 p300 p300 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 369 24 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 369 25 SIRT1 SIRT1 NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 369 26 but but CC cord-299731-sis9952k 369 27 constitutively constitutively RB cord-299731-sis9952k 369 28 elevated elevate VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 369 29 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 369 30 metabolic metabolic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 369 31 disease disease NN cord-299731-sis9952k 370 1 states states NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 370 2 SIRT1 SIRT1 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 370 3 deacetylates deacetylate NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 370 4 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 370 5 positively positively RB cord-299731-sis9952k 370 6 regulates regulate VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 370 7 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 370 8 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 370 9 receptor receptor NN cord-299731-sis9952k 371 1 LXR LXR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 371 2 PGC-1alpha pgc-1alpha NN cord-299731-sis9952k 371 3 activates activate VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 371 4 CYP7A1 CYP7A1 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 371 5 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 371 6 bile bile NN cord-299731-sis9952k 371 7 acid acid NN cord-299731-sis9952k 372 1 biosynthesis biosynthesis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 372 2 Conserved conserved JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 372 3 role role NN cord-299731-sis9952k 372 4 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 372 5 SIRT1 sirt1 NN cord-299731-sis9952k 372 6 orthologs ortholog NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 372 7 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 372 8 fasting fast VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 372 9 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 372 10 dependent dependent JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 372 11 inhibition inhibition NN cord-299731-sis9952k 372 12 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 372 13 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 372 14 lipid lipid NN cord-299731-sis9952k 372 15 / / SYM cord-299731-sis9952k 372 16 cholesterol cholesterol NN cord-299731-sis9952k 372 17 regulator regulator NN cord-299731-sis9952k 372 18 SREBP SREBP NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 372 19 Nicotinamide Nicotinamide NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 372 20 adenine adenine NN cord-299731-sis9952k 372 21 dinucleotide dinucleotide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 372 22 biosynthesis biosynthesis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 372 23 promotes promote VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 372 24 liver liver NN cord-299731-sis9952k 372 25 regeneration regeneration NN cord-299731-sis9952k 372 26 Inhibition inhibition NN cord-299731-sis9952k 372 27 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 372 28 De De NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 372 29 Novo Novo NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 372 30 NAD(+ nad(+ CD cord-299731-sis9952k 372 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 373 1 Synthesis synthesis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 373 2 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 373 3 Oncogenic oncogenic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 373 4 URI URI NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 373 5 Causes cause VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 373 6 Liver Liver NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 373 7 Tumorigenesis Tumorigenesis NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 373 8 through through IN cord-299731-sis9952k 373 9 DNA DNA NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 373 10 Damage Damage NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 373 11 Cardiac Cardiac NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 373 12 metabolism metabolism NN cord-299731-sis9952k 373 13 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 373 14 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-299731-sis9952k 373 15 interactions interaction NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 373 16 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 373 17 contraction contraction NN cord-299731-sis9952k 373 18 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 373 19 growth growth NN cord-299731-sis9952k 373 20 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 373 21 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 373 22 survival survival NN cord-299731-sis9952k 373 23 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 373 24 cardiomyocytes cardiomyocyte NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 373 25 Mitochondrial mitochondrial JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 373 26 centrality centrality NN cord-299731-sis9952k 373 27 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 373 28 heart heart NN cord-299731-sis9952k 373 29 failure failure NN cord-299731-sis9952k 374 1 The the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 374 2 failing fail VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 374 3 heart heart NN cord-299731-sis9952k 374 4 - - : cord-299731-sis9952k 374 5 An an DT cord-299731-sis9952k 374 6 engine engine NN cord-299731-sis9952k 374 7 out out IN cord-299731-sis9952k 374 8 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 374 9 fuel fuel NN cord-299731-sis9952k 374 10 Nicotinamide nicotinamide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 374 11 adenine adenine NN cord-299731-sis9952k 374 12 dinucleotide dinucleotide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 374 13 homeostasis homeostasis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 374 14 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 374 15 signalling signal VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 374 16 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 374 17 heart heart NN cord-299731-sis9952k 374 18 disease disease NN cord-299731-sis9952k 374 19 : : : cord-299731-sis9952k 375 1 Pathophysiological pathophysiological JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 375 2 implications implication NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 375 3 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 375 4 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 375 5 potential potential NN cord-299731-sis9952k 376 1 Exogenous exogenous JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 376 2 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 376 3 blocks block VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 376 4 cardiac cardiac JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 376 5 hypertrophic hypertrophic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 376 6 response response NN cord-299731-sis9952k 376 7 via via IN cord-299731-sis9952k 376 8 activation activation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 376 9 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 376 10 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 376 11 SIRT3-LKB1-AMP SIRT3-LKB1-AMP NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 376 12 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 376 13 activated activate VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 376 14 kinase kinase NN cord-299731-sis9952k 376 15 pathway pathway NN cord-299731-sis9952k 377 1 The the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 377 2 function function NN cord-299731-sis9952k 377 3 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 377 4 nicotinamide nicotinamide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 377 5 phosphoribosyltransferase phosphoribosyltransferase NN cord-299731-sis9952k 377 6 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 377 7 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 377 8 heart heart NN cord-299731-sis9952k 378 1 The the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 378 2 Failing Failing NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 378 3 Heart heart NN cord-299731-sis9952k 378 4 Relies rely VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 378 5 on on IN cord-299731-sis9952k 378 6 Ketone Ketone NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 378 7 Bodies body NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 378 8 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 378 9 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 378 10 Fuel fuel NN cord-299731-sis9952k 378 11 Mitochondrion mitochondrion NN cord-299731-sis9952k 378 12 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 378 13 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 378 14 target target NN cord-299731-sis9952k 378 15 for for IN cord-299731-sis9952k 378 16 heart heart NN cord-299731-sis9952k 378 17 failure failure NN cord-299731-sis9952k 378 18 therapy therapy NN cord-299731-sis9952k 378 19 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 378 20 role role NN cord-299731-sis9952k 378 21 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 378 22 protein protein NN cord-299731-sis9952k 378 23 lysine lysine NN cord-299731-sis9952k 378 24 acetylation acetylation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 378 25 Mitochondrial Mitochondrial NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 378 26 complex complex NN cord-299731-sis9952k 379 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-299731-sis9952k 379 2 deficiency deficiency NN cord-299731-sis9952k 379 3 increases increase VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 379 4 protein protein NN cord-299731-sis9952k 379 5 acetylation acetylation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 379 6 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 379 7 accelerates accelerate VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 379 8 heart heart NN cord-299731-sis9952k 379 9 failure failure NN cord-299731-sis9952k 379 10 Nicotinamide Nicotinamide NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 379 11 Riboside Riboside NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 379 12 Preserves preserve VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 379 13 Cardiac Cardiac NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 379 14 Function function NN cord-299731-sis9952k 379 15 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 379 16 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 379 17 Mouse Mouse NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 379 18 Model Model NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 379 19 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 379 20 Dilated dilated JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 379 21 Cardiomyopathy Cardiomyopathy NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 379 22 Mechanisms Mechanisms NNPS cord-299731-sis9952k 379 23 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 379 24 altered alter VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 379 25 Ca2 ca2 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 380 1 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 380 2 handling handle VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 380 3 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 380 4 heart heart NN cord-299731-sis9952k 380 5 failure failure NN cord-299731-sis9952k 380 6 Sirt1 Sirt1 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 380 7 regulates regulate VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 380 8 aging age VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 380 9 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 380 10 resistance resistance NN cord-299731-sis9952k 380 11 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 380 12 oxidative oxidative JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 380 13 stress stress NN cord-299731-sis9952k 380 14 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 380 15 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 380 16 heart heart NN cord-299731-sis9952k 380 17 De De NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 380 18 Angelis Angelis NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 380 19 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 380 20 A. a. NN cord-299731-sis9952k 380 21 ; ; . cord-299731-sis9952k 381 1 Urbanek Urbanek NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 381 2 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 382 1 K. K. NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 382 2 SIRT1 SIRT1 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 382 3 activation activation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 382 4 attenuates attenuate VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 382 5 diastolic diastolic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 382 6 dysfunction dysfunction NN cord-299731-sis9952k 382 7 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 382 8 reducing reduce VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 382 9 cardiac cardiac JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 382 10 fibrosis fibrosis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 382 11 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 382 12 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 382 13 model model NN cord-299731-sis9952k 382 14 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 382 15 anthracycline anthracycline JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 382 16 cardiomyopathy cardiomyopathy FW cord-299731-sis9952k 382 17 SIRT1 SIRT1 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 382 18 Functions function NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 382 19 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 382 20 an an DT cord-299731-sis9952k 382 21 Important important JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 382 22 Regulator regulator NN cord-299731-sis9952k 382 23 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 382 24 Estrogen Estrogen NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 382 25 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 382 26 Mediated mediate VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 382 27 Cardiomyocyte Cardiomyocyte NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 382 28 Protection Protection NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 382 29 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 382 30 Angiotensin Angiotensin NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 382 31 II II NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 382 32 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 382 33 Induced induce VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 382 34 Heart heart NN cord-299731-sis9952k 382 35 Hypertrophy Hypertrophy NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 382 36 Protective protective JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 382 37 effects effect NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 382 38 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 382 39 sirtuins sirtuin NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 382 40 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 382 41 cardiovascular cardiovascular JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 382 42 diseases disease NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 382 43 : : : cord-299731-sis9952k 382 44 From from IN cord-299731-sis9952k 382 45 bench bench NN cord-299731-sis9952k 382 46 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 382 47 bedside bedside NN cord-299731-sis9952k 382 48 SIRT1 SIRT1 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 382 49 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 382 50 SIRT6 SIRT6 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 383 1 signaling signal VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 383 2 pathways pathway NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 383 3 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 383 4 cardiovascular cardiovascular JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 383 5 disease disease NN cord-299731-sis9952k 383 6 protection protection NN cord-299731-sis9952k 383 7 SIRT2 SIRT2 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 383 8 acts act VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 383 9 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 383 10 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 383 11 cardioprotective cardioprotective JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 383 12 deacetylase deacetylase NN cord-299731-sis9952k 383 13 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 383 14 pathological pathological JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 383 15 cardiac cardiac JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 383 16 hypertrophy hypertrophy NN cord-299731-sis9952k 384 1 The the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 384 2 sirtuin sirtuin NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 384 3 SIRT6 SIRT6 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 385 1 blocks block NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 386 1 IGF IGF NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 386 2 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 386 3 Akt Akt NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 386 4 signaling signaling NN cord-299731-sis9952k 386 5 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 386 6 development development NN cord-299731-sis9952k 386 7 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 386 8 cardiac cardiac JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 386 9 hypertrophy hypertrophy NN cord-299731-sis9952k 386 10 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 386 11 targeting target VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 386 12 c c NN cord-299731-sis9952k 386 13 - - : cord-299731-sis9952k 386 14 Jun Jun NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 386 15 Roles Roles NNPS cord-299731-sis9952k 386 16 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 386 17 SIRT3 SIRT3 NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 386 18 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 386 19 heart heart NN cord-299731-sis9952k 386 20 failure failure NN cord-299731-sis9952k 386 21 : : : cord-299731-sis9952k 387 1 From from IN cord-299731-sis9952k 387 2 bench bench NN cord-299731-sis9952k 387 3 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 387 4 bedside bedside NN cord-299731-sis9952k 387 5 Pathways Pathways NNPS cord-299731-sis9952k 387 6 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 387 7 Subcellular Subcellular NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 387 8 Compartmentation Compartmentation NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 387 9 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 387 10 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 387 11 Biosynthesis Biosynthesis NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 387 12 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 387 13 Human Human NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 387 14 Cells Cells NNPS cord-299731-sis9952k 387 15 Activation Activation NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 387 16 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 387 17 SIRT3 SIRT3 NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 387 18 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 387 19 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 387 20 NAD+ NAD+ NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 387 21 Precursor Precursor NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 387 22 Nicotinamide Nicotinamide NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 388 1 Riboside riboside NN cord-299731-sis9952k 388 2 Protects protect VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 388 3 from from IN cord-299731-sis9952k 388 4 Noise noise NN cord-299731-sis9952k 388 5 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 388 6 Induced induce VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 388 7 Hearing Hearing NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 388 8 Loss Loss NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 388 9 Boosting boost VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 388 10 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 388 11 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 388 12 Spare spare VB cord-299731-sis9952k 388 13 Hearing hearing NN cord-299731-sis9952k 389 1 Arterial arterial JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 389 2 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 389 3 Cardiac Cardiac NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 389 4 Aging aging NN cord-299731-sis9952k 389 5 : : : cord-299731-sis9952k 390 1 Major Major NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 390 2 Shareholders Shareholders NNPS cord-299731-sis9952k 390 3 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 390 4 Cardiovascular Cardiovascular NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 390 5 Disease Disease NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 390 6 Enterprises Enterprises NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 390 7 Seventh Seventh NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 390 8 Report Report NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 390 9 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 390 10 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 390 11 Joint Joint NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 390 12 National National NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 390 13 Committee Committee NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 390 14 on on IN cord-299731-sis9952k 390 15 Prevention Prevention NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 390 16 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 390 17 Detection Detection NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 390 18 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 390 19 Evaluation Evaluation NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 390 20 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 390 21 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 390 22 Treatment Treatment NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 390 23 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 390 24 High High NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 390 25 Blood Blood NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 390 26 Pressure Pressure NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 390 27 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 390 28 Evidence evidence NN cord-299731-sis9952k 390 29 from from IN cord-299731-sis9952k 390 30 New New NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 390 31 Hypertension Hypertension NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 390 32 Trials Trials NNPS cord-299731-sis9952k 390 33 Life life NN cord-299731-sis9952k 390 34 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 390 35 long long JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 390 36 caloric caloric JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 390 37 restriction restriction NN cord-299731-sis9952k 390 38 reduces reduce VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 390 39 oxidative oxidative JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 390 40 stress stress NN cord-299731-sis9952k 390 41 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 390 42 preserves preserve VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 390 43 nitric nitric NN cord-299731-sis9952k 390 44 oxide oxide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 390 45 bioavailability bioavailability NN cord-299731-sis9952k 390 46 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 390 47 function function VB cord-299731-sis9952k 390 48 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 390 49 arteries artery NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 390 50 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 390 51 old old JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 390 52 mice mice NN cord-299731-sis9952k 390 53 SIRT-1 SIRT-1 NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 390 54 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 390 55 vascular vascular JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 390 56 endothelial endothelial JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 390 57 dysfunction dysfunction NN cord-299731-sis9952k 390 58 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 390 59 ageing age VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 390 60 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 390 61 mice mouse NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 390 62 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 390 63 humans human NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 390 64 SIRT1 SIRT1 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 390 65 promotes promote VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 390 66 endothelium endothelium NN cord-299731-sis9952k 390 67 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 390 68 dependent dependent JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 390 69 vascular vascular JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 390 70 relaxation relaxation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 390 71 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 390 72 activating activate VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 390 73 endothelial endothelial JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 390 74 nitric nitric JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 390 75 oxide oxide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 390 76 synthase synthase NN cord-299731-sis9952k 390 77 Regulation regulation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 390 78 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 390 79 Akt Akt NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 391 1 Signaling signal VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 391 2 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 391 3 Sirtuins Sirtuins NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 391 4 Genome Genome NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 391 5 instability instability NN cord-299731-sis9952k 391 6 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 391 7 Alzheimer Alzheimer NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 391 8 disease disease NN cord-299731-sis9952k 391 9 Genomic genomic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 391 10 integrity integrity NN cord-299731-sis9952k 391 11 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 391 12 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 391 13 ageing age VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 391 14 brain brain NN cord-299731-sis9952k 391 15 Mitophagy Mitophagy NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 391 16 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 391 17 Alzheimer Alzheimer NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 391 18 's 's POS cord-299731-sis9952k 391 19 Disease Disease NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 391 20 : : : cord-299731-sis9952k 391 21 Cellular Cellular NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 391 22 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 391 23 Molecular Molecular NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 391 24 Mechanisms Mechanisms NNPS cord-299731-sis9952k 391 25 Nicotinamide Nicotinamide NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 391 26 riboside riboside NN cord-299731-sis9952k 391 27 restores restore VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 391 28 cognition cognition NN cord-299731-sis9952k 391 29 through through IN cord-299731-sis9952k 391 30 an an DT cord-299731-sis9952k 391 31 upregulation upregulation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 391 32 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 391 33 proliferator proliferator NN cord-299731-sis9952k 391 34 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 391 35 activated activate VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 391 36 receptor receptor NN cord-299731-sis9952k 391 37 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 391 38 γ γ NN cord-299731-sis9952k 391 39 coactivator coactivator NN cord-299731-sis9952k 391 40 1α 1α CD cord-299731-sis9952k 391 41 regulated regulate VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 391 42 β β NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 391 43 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 391 44 secretase secretase NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 391 45 1 1 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 391 46 degradation degradation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 391 47 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 391 48 mitochondrial mitochondrial JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 391 49 gene gene NN cord-299731-sis9952k 391 50 expression expression NN cord-299731-sis9952k 391 51 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 391 52 Alzheimer Alzheimer NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 391 53 's 's POS cord-299731-sis9952k 391 54 mouse mouse NN cord-299731-sis9952k 391 55 models model NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 392 1 Increased increase VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 392 2 poly(ADP poly(ADP NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 392 3 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 392 4 ribosyl)ation ribosyl)ation NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 392 5 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 392 6 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 392 7 proteins protein NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 392 8 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 392 9 Alzheimer Alzheimer NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 392 10 's 's POS cord-299731-sis9952k 392 11 disease disease NN cord-299731-sis9952k 393 1 NAD+ NAD+ NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 393 2 supplementation supplementation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 393 3 normalizes normalize VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 393 4 key key JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 393 5 Alzheimer Alzheimer NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 393 6 's 's POS cord-299731-sis9952k 393 7 features feature NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 393 8 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 393 9 DNA dna NN cord-299731-sis9952k 393 10 damage damage NN cord-299731-sis9952k 393 11 responses response NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 393 12 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 393 13 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 393 14 new new JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 393 15 AD ad NN cord-299731-sis9952k 393 16 mouse mouse NN cord-299731-sis9952k 393 17 model model NN cord-299731-sis9952k 393 18 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 393 19 introduced introduce VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 393 20 DNA dna NN cord-299731-sis9952k 393 21 repair repair NN cord-299731-sis9952k 393 22 deficiency deficiency NN cord-299731-sis9952k 393 23 Supplementation supplementation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 393 24 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 393 25 Nicotinamide Nicotinamide NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 393 26 Riboside Riboside NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 393 27 Reduces reduce VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 393 28 Brain Brain NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 393 29 Inflammation inflammation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 393 30 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 393 31 Improves improve VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 393 32 Cognitive Cognitive NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 393 33 Function Function NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 393 34 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 393 35 Diabetic diabetic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 393 36 Mice Mice NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 393 37 Inflammation Inflammation NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 393 38 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 393 39 Alzheimer Alzheimer NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 393 40 's 's POS cord-299731-sis9952k 393 41 disease disease NN cord-299731-sis9952k 393 42 Association Association NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 393 43 between between IN cord-299731-sis9952k 393 44 raised raise VBD cord-299731-sis9952k 393 45 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 393 46 markers marker NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 393 47 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 393 48 cognitive cognitive JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 393 49 decline decline NN cord-299731-sis9952k 393 50 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 393 51 elderly elderly JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 393 52 people people NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 393 53 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 393 54 type type NN cord-299731-sis9952k 393 55 2 2 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 393 56 diabetes diabetes NN cord-299731-sis9952k 393 57 : : : cord-299731-sis9952k 394 1 The the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 394 2 Edinburgh Edinburgh NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 394 3 Type Type NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 394 4 2 2 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 394 5 Diabetes Diabetes NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 394 6 Study Study NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 394 7 Activation Activation NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 394 8 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 394 9 Hippocampal Hippocampal NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 394 10 CREB CREB NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 394 11 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 394 12 Rolipram Rolipram NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 394 13 Partially Partially NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 394 14 Recovers recover VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 394 15 Balance Balance NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 394 16 Between between IN cord-299731-sis9952k 394 17 TNF tnf NN cord-299731-sis9952k 394 18 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 394 19 alpha alpha NN cord-299731-sis9952k 394 20 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 394 21 IL-10 IL-10 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 394 22 Levels Levels NNPS cord-299731-sis9952k 394 23 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 394 24 Improves improve VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 394 25 Cognitive cognitive JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 394 26 Deficits deficit NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 394 27 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 394 28 Diabetic diabetic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 394 29 Rats Rats NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 394 30 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 395 1 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 396 1 Replenishment replenishment NN cord-299731-sis9952k 396 2 Improves improve VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 396 3 Lifespan Lifespan NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 396 4 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 396 5 Healthspan Healthspan NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 396 6 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 396 7 Ataxia Ataxia NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 396 8 Telangiectasia Telangiectasia NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 396 9 Models Models NNPS cord-299731-sis9952k 396 10 via via IN cord-299731-sis9952k 396 11 Mitophagy Mitophagy NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 396 12 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 396 13 DNA DNA NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 396 14 Repair Repair NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 397 1 A a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 397 2 High high JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 397 3 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 397 4 Fat Fat NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 397 5 Diet Diet NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 397 6 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 397 7 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 398 1 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 398 2 Activate activate VB cord-299731-sis9952k 398 3 Sirt1 Sirt1 NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 399 1 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 399 2 Rescue Rescue NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 399 3 Premature premature JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 399 4 Aging age VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 399 5 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 399 6 Cockayne Cockayne NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 399 7 Syndrome Syndrome NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 400 1 Acquired acquire VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 400 2 axonal axonal JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 400 3 degeneration degeneration NN cord-299731-sis9952k 400 4 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 400 5 regeneration regeneration NN cord-299731-sis9952k 400 6 : : : cord-299731-sis9952k 401 1 Recent recent JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 401 2 insights insight NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 401 3 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 401 4 clinical clinical JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 401 5 correlations correlation NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 402 1 Axon axon NN cord-299731-sis9952k 402 2 degeneration degeneration NN cord-299731-sis9952k 402 3 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 402 4 Parkinson Parkinson NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 402 5 's 's POS cord-299731-sis9952k 402 6 disease disease NN cord-299731-sis9952k 402 7 Axonal Axonal NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 402 8 degeneration degeneration NN cord-299731-sis9952k 402 9 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 402 10 Alzheimer Alzheimer NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 402 11 's 's POS cord-299731-sis9952k 402 12 disease disease NN cord-299731-sis9952k 402 13 : : : cord-299731-sis9952k 402 14 When when WRB cord-299731-sis9952k 402 15 signaling signal VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 402 16 abnormalities abnormality NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 402 17 meet meet VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 402 18 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 402 19 axonal axonal JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 402 20 transport transport NN cord-299731-sis9952k 402 21 system system NN cord-299731-sis9952k 402 22 Alzheimer Alzheimer NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 402 23 's 's POS cord-299731-sis9952k 402 24 disease disease NN cord-299731-sis9952k 402 25 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 402 26 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 402 27 synaptic synaptic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 402 28 failure failure NN cord-299731-sis9952k 403 1 Neuronal neuronal JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 403 2 Sirt3 Sirt3 NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 403 3 Protects protect VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 403 4 against against IN cord-299731-sis9952k 403 5 Excitotoxic Excitotoxic NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 403 6 Injury Injury NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 403 7 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 403 8 Mouse Mouse NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 403 9 Cortical Cortical NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 403 10 Neuron Neuron NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 403 11 Culture culture NN cord-299731-sis9952k 404 1 Preventing prevent VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 404 2 NAD+ NAD+ NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 404 3 Depletion Depletion NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 404 4 Protects protect VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 404 5 Neurons Neurons NNPS cord-299731-sis9952k 404 6 against against IN cord-299731-sis9952k 404 7 Excitotoxicity Excitotoxicity NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 404 8 Nicotinamide Nicotinamide NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 404 9 prevents prevent VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 404 10 NAD+ NAD+ NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 404 11 depletion depletion NN cord-299731-sis9952k 404 12 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 404 13 protects protect VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 404 14 neurons neuron NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 404 15 against against IN cord-299731-sis9952k 404 16 excitotoxicity excitotoxicity NN cord-299731-sis9952k 404 17 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 404 18 cerebral cerebral JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 404 19 ischemia ischemia NN cord-299731-sis9952k 404 20 : : : cord-299731-sis9952k 405 1 NAD+ NAD+ NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 406 1 consumption consumption NN cord-299731-sis9952k 406 2 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 406 3 SIRT1 SIRT1 NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 406 4 may may MD cord-299731-sis9952k 406 5 endanger endanger VB cord-299731-sis9952k 406 6 energetically energetically RB cord-299731-sis9952k 406 7 compromised compromise VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 406 8 neurons neuron NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 407 1 Neuronal neuronal JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 407 2 protective protective JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 407 3 role role NN cord-299731-sis9952k 407 4 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 407 5 PBEF PBEF NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 407 6 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 407 7 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 407 8 mouse mouse NN cord-299731-sis9952k 407 9 model model NN cord-299731-sis9952k 407 10 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 407 11 cerebral cerebral JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 407 12 ischemia ischemia NN cord-299731-sis9952k 407 13 Nicotinamide Nicotinamide NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 407 14 riboside riboside NN cord-299731-sis9952k 407 15 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 407 16 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 407 17 form form NN cord-299731-sis9952k 407 18 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 407 19 vitamin vitamin NN cord-299731-sis9952k 407 20 B3 b3 NN cord-299731-sis9952k 407 21 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 407 22 protects protect VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 407 23 against against IN cord-299731-sis9952k 407 24 excitotoxicity excitotoxicity NN cord-299731-sis9952k 407 25 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 407 26 induced induce VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 407 27 axonal axonal JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 407 28 degeneration degeneration NN cord-299731-sis9952k 407 29 Stimulation stimulation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 407 30 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 407 31 nicotinamide nicotinamide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 407 32 adenine adenine NN cord-299731-sis9952k 407 33 dinucleotide dinucleotide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 407 34 biosynthetic biosynthetic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 407 35 pathways pathway NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 407 36 delays delay NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 407 37 axonal axonal JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 407 38 degeneration degeneration NN cord-299731-sis9952k 407 39 after after IN cord-299731-sis9952k 407 40 axotomy axotomy , cord-299731-sis9952k 407 41 SARM1 SARM1 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 407 42 activation activation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 407 43 triggers trigger VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 407 44 axon axon NN cord-299731-sis9952k 407 45 degeneration degeneration NN cord-299731-sis9952k 407 46 locally locally RB cord-299731-sis9952k 407 47 via via IN cord-299731-sis9952k 407 48 NAD+ NAD+ NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 407 49 destruction destruction NN cord-299731-sis9952k 408 1 NAMPT NAMPT NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 408 2 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 408 3 Mediated mediate VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 408 4 NAD+ NAD+ NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 409 1 Biosynthesis Biosynthesis NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 409 2 Is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 409 3 Essential essential JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 409 4 for for IN cord-299731-sis9952k 409 5 Vision vision NN cord-299731-sis9952k 409 6 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 409 7 Mice Mice NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 409 8 NAD+-Dependent NAD+-Dependent NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 409 9 Activation Activation NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 409 10 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 409 11 Sirt1 Sirt1 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 410 1 Corrects correct VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 410 2 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 410 3 Phenotype Phenotype NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 410 4 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 410 5 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 410 6 Mouse Mouse NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 410 7 Model Model NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 410 8 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 410 9 Mitochondrial Mitochondrial NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 410 10 Disease Disease NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 410 11 Effective effective JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 410 12 treatment treatment NN cord-299731-sis9952k 410 13 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 410 14 mitochondrial mitochondrial JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 410 15 myopathy myopathy NN cord-299731-sis9952k 410 16 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 410 17 nicotinamide nicotinamide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 410 18 riboside riboside NN cord-299731-sis9952k 410 19 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 410 20 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 410 21 vitamin vitamin NN cord-299731-sis9952k 410 22 B3 b3 NN cord-299731-sis9952k 410 23 Loss loss NN cord-299731-sis9952k 410 24 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 410 25 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 410 26 Homeostasis Homeostasis NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 410 27 Leads lead VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 410 28 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 410 29 Progressive progressive JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 410 30 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 410 31 Reversible reversible JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 410 32 Degeneration Degeneration NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 410 33 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 410 34 Skeletal skeletal JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 410 35 Muscle muscle NN cord-299731-sis9952k 410 36 NAD+ NAD+ NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 410 37 repletion repletion NN cord-299731-sis9952k 410 38 improves improve VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 410 39 muscle muscle NN cord-299731-sis9952k 410 40 function function NN cord-299731-sis9952k 410 41 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 410 42 muscular muscular JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 410 43 dystrophy dystrophy NN cord-299731-sis9952k 410 44 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 410 45 counters counter VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 410 46 global global JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 410 47 PARylation parylation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 410 48 Muscle muscle NN cord-299731-sis9952k 410 49 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 410 50 Specific specific JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 410 51 SIRT1 sirt1 NN cord-299731-sis9952k 410 52 Gain gain NN cord-299731-sis9952k 410 53 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 410 54 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 410 55 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 410 56 Function function NN cord-299731-sis9952k 410 57 Increases increase VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 410 58 Slow slow JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 410 59 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 410 60 Twitch twitch NN cord-299731-sis9952k 410 61 Fibers Fibers NNPS cord-299731-sis9952k 410 62 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 410 63 Ameliorates Ameliorates NNPS cord-299731-sis9952k 410 64 Pathophysiology Pathophysiology NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 410 65 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 410 66 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 410 67 Mouse Mouse NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 410 68 Model Model NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 410 69 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 410 70 Duchenne Duchenne NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 410 71 Muscular Muscular NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 410 72 Dystrophy Dystrophy NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 410 73 Requirement Requirement NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 410 74 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 410 75 NAD+ NAD+ NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 410 76 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 410 77 SIR2 SIR2 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 410 78 for for IN cord-299731-sis9952k 410 79 life life NN cord-299731-sis9952k 410 80 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 410 81 span span NN cord-299731-sis9952k 410 82 extension extension NN cord-299731-sis9952k 410 83 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 410 84 calorie calorie NN cord-299731-sis9952k 410 85 restriction restriction NN cord-299731-sis9952k 410 86 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 410 87 Saccharomyces Saccharomyces NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 410 88 cerevisiae cerevisiae VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 410 89 Manipulation manipulation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 410 90 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 410 91 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 410 92 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 410 93 NAD+ NAD+ NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 410 94 salvage salvage NN cord-299731-sis9952k 410 95 pathway pathway NN cord-299731-sis9952k 410 96 delays delay NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 410 97 aging age VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 410 98 without without IN cord-299731-sis9952k 410 99 altering alter VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 410 100 steady steady JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 410 101 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 410 102 state state NN cord-299731-sis9952k 410 103 NAD+ NAD+ NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 410 104 levels level NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 410 105 Inhibition inhibition NN cord-299731-sis9952k 410 106 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 410 107 silencing silencing NN cord-299731-sis9952k 410 108 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 410 109 accelerated accelerated JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 410 110 aging age VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 410 111 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 410 112 nicotinamide nicotinamide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 410 113 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 410 114 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 410 115 putative putative JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 410 116 negative negative JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 410 117 regulator regulator NN cord-299731-sis9952k 410 118 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 410 119 yeast yeast NN cord-299731-sis9952k 410 120 Sir2 Sir2 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 410 121 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 410 122 human human JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 410 123 SIRT1 sirt1 NN cord-299731-sis9952k 410 124 Nicotinamide Nicotinamide NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 410 125 Clearance Clearance NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 410 126 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 410 127 Pnc1 Pnc1 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 411 1 Directly directly RB cord-299731-sis9952k 411 2 Regulates regulate VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 411 3 Sir2-Mediated Sir2-Mediated NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 411 4 Silencing Silencing NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 411 5 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 411 6 Longevity Longevity NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 411 7 Nutrient Nutrient NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 411 8 control control NN cord-299731-sis9952k 411 9 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 411 10 glucose glucose NN cord-299731-sis9952k 411 11 homeostasis homeostasis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 411 12 through through IN cord-299731-sis9952k 411 13 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 411 14 complex complex NN cord-299731-sis9952k 411 15 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 411 16 PGC-1alpha pgc-1alpha NN cord-299731-sis9952k 411 17 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 411 18 SIRT1 sirt1 VB cord-299731-sis9952k 411 19 Neuronal neuronal JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 411 20 SIRT1 sirt1 NN cord-299731-sis9952k 411 21 activation activation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 411 22 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 411 23 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 411 24 novel novel NN cord-299731-sis9952k 411 25 mechanism mechanism NN cord-299731-sis9952k 411 26 underlying underlie VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 411 27 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 411 28 prevention prevention NN cord-299731-sis9952k 411 29 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 411 30 Alzheimer Alzheimer NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 411 31 disease disease NN cord-299731-sis9952k 411 32 amyloid amyloid NN cord-299731-sis9952k 411 33 neuropathology neuropathology NN cord-299731-sis9952k 411 34 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 411 35 calorie calorie NN cord-299731-sis9952k 411 36 restriction restriction NN cord-299731-sis9952k 412 1 Nicotinamide Nicotinamide NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 412 2 Riboside Riboside NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 412 3 Augments augment VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 412 4 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 412 5 Aged Aged NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 412 6 Human Human NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 412 7 Skeletal skeletal JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 412 8 Muscle muscle NN cord-299731-sis9952k 412 9 NAD+ NAD+ NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 412 10 Metabolome Metabolome NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 412 11 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 412 12 Induces induce VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 412 13 Transcriptomic Transcriptomic NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 412 14 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 412 15 Anti anti JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 412 16 - - JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 412 17 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 412 18 Signatures signature NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 412 19 Nicotinamide Nicotinamide NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 412 20 : : : cord-299731-sis9952k 412 21 An an DT cord-299731-sis9952k 412 22 Oral oral JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 412 23 Antimicrobial Antimicrobial NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 412 24 Agent Agent NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 412 25 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 412 26 Activity Activity NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 412 27 against against IN cord-299731-sis9952k 412 28 both both DT cord-299731-sis9952k 412 29 Mycobacterium Mycobacterium NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 412 30 tuberculosis tuberculosis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 412 31 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 412 32 Human Human NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 412 33 Immunodeficiency Immunodeficiency NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 412 34 Virus Virus NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 412 35 Host host NN cord-299731-sis9952k 412 36 NAD+ NAD+ NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 412 37 metabolism metabolism NN cord-299731-sis9952k 412 38 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 412 39 infections infection NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 412 40 : : : cord-299731-sis9952k 413 1 Therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 413 2 implications implication NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 414 1 C C NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 414 2 / / SYM cord-299731-sis9952k 414 3 EBPε EBPε NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 414 4 mediates mediate VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 414 5 nicotinamide nicotinamide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 414 6 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 414 7 enhanced enhance VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 414 8 clearance clearance NN cord-299731-sis9952k 414 9 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 414 10 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 414 11 aureus aureus NN cord-299731-sis9952k 414 12 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 414 13 mice mice NN cord-299731-sis9952k 414 14 Niacin niacin NN cord-299731-sis9952k 414 15 analogue analogue NN cord-299731-sis9952k 414 16 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 414 17 6-Aminonicotinamide 6-aminonicotinamide CD cord-299731-sis9952k 414 18 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 414 19 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 414 20 novel novel JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 414 21 inhibitor inhibitor NN cord-299731-sis9952k 414 22 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 414 23 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 414 24 B B NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 414 25 virus virus NN cord-299731-sis9952k 414 26 replication replication NN cord-299731-sis9952k 414 27 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 414 28 HBsAg hbsag CD cord-299731-sis9952k 414 29 production production NN cord-299731-sis9952k 414 30 Reduction Reduction NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 414 31 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 414 32 Functional functional JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 414 33 Exhaustion exhaustion NN cord-299731-sis9952k 414 34 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 414 35 T T NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 414 36 Cells cell NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 414 37 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 414 38 Patients patient NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 414 39 With with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 414 40 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 414 41 Disease Disease NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 414 42 2019 2019 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 414 43 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 414 44 COVID-19 covid-19 NN cord-299731-sis9952k 414 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 415 1 The the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 415 2 Conserved conserved JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 415 3 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 415 4 Macrodomain Macrodomain NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 415 5 Promotes promote VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 415 6 Virulence Virulence NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 415 7 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 415 8 Suppresses suppress VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 415 9 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 415 10 Innate Innate NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 415 11 Immune Immune NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 415 12 Response response NN cord-299731-sis9952k 415 13 during during IN cord-299731-sis9952k 415 14 Severe severe JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 415 15 Acute acute JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 415 16 Respiratory respiratory JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 415 17 Syndrome syndrome NN cord-299731-sis9952k 415 18 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 415 19 Infection infection NN cord-299731-sis9952k 416 1 The the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 416 2 impact impact NN cord-299731-sis9952k 416 3 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 416 4 PARPs parp NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 416 5 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 416 6 ADP ADP NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 416 7 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 416 8 ribosylation ribosylation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 416 9 on on IN cord-299731-sis9952k 416 10 inflammation inflammation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 416 11 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 416 12 host host NN cord-299731-sis9952k 416 13 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 416 14 pathogen pathogen NN cord-299731-sis9952k 416 15 interactions interaction NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 417 1 The the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 417 2 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-299731-sis9952k 417 3 macrodomain macrodomain NN cord-299731-sis9952k 417 4 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 417 5 required require VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 417 6 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 417 7 prevent prevent VB cord-299731-sis9952k 417 8 PARP PARP NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 417 9 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 417 10 mediated mediate VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 417 11 inhibition inhibition NN cord-299731-sis9952k 417 12 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 417 13 virus virus NN cord-299731-sis9952k 417 14 replication replication NN cord-299731-sis9952k 417 15 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 417 16 enhancement enhancement NN cord-299731-sis9952k 417 17 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 417 18 IFN IFN NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 417 19 expression expression NN cord-299731-sis9952k 418 1 The the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 418 2 nsp3 nsp3 NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 418 3 Macrodomain Macrodomain NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 418 4 Promotes promote VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 418 5 Virulence virulence NN cord-299731-sis9952k 418 6 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 418 7 Mice Mice NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 418 8 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 418 9 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 418 10 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 418 11 Induced Induced NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 418 12 Encephalitis Encephalitis NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 419 1 The the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 419 2 interaction interaction NN cord-299731-sis9952k 419 3 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 419 4 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 419 5 SARS SARS NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 419 6 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-299731-sis9952k 419 7 non non JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 419 8 - - JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 419 9 structural structural JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 419 10 protein protein NN cord-299731-sis9952k 419 11 10 10 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 419 12 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 419 13 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 419 14 cellular cellular JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 419 15 oxido oxido NN cord-299731-sis9952k 419 16 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 419 17 reductase reductase NN cord-299731-sis9952k 419 18 system system NN cord-299731-sis9952k 419 19 causes cause VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 419 20 an an DT cord-299731-sis9952k 419 21 extensive extensive JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 419 22 cytopathic cytopathic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 419 23 effect effect NN cord-299731-sis9952k 419 24 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 419 25 Infection Infection NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 419 26 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 419 27 PARP PARP NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 419 28 Expression Expression NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 419 29 Dysregulate Dysregulate NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 419 30 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 419 31 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 419 32 Metabolome Metabolome NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 419 33 : : : cord-299731-sis9952k 420 1 A a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 420 2 Potentially potentially RB cord-299731-sis9952k 420 3 Actionable actionable JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 420 4 Component component NN cord-299731-sis9952k 420 5 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 420 6 Innate Innate NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 420 7 Immunity Immunity NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 420 8 Small small JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 420 9 molecule molecule NN cord-299731-sis9952k 420 10 nicotinamide nicotinamide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 420 11 N n NN cord-299731-sis9952k 420 12 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 420 13 methyltransferase methyltransferase NN cord-299731-sis9952k 420 14 inhibitor inhibitor NN cord-299731-sis9952k 420 15 activates activate VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 420 16 senescent senescent JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 420 17 muscle muscle NN cord-299731-sis9952k 420 18 stem stem NN cord-299731-sis9952k 420 19 cells cell NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 420 20 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 420 21 improves improve VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 420 22 regenerative regenerative JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 420 23 capacity capacity NN cord-299731-sis9952k 420 24 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 420 25 aged aged JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 420 26 skeletal skeletal JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 420 27 muscle muscle NN cord-299731-sis9952k 420 28 The the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 420 29 Conceptual Conceptual NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 420 30 Framework Framework NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 420 31 for for IN cord-299731-sis9952k 420 32 SARS SARS NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 420 33 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 420 34 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 421 1 Related related JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 421 2 Lymphopenia Lymphopenia NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 421 3 Pathogenic Pathogenic NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 421 4 T T NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 421 5 cells cell NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 421 6 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 421 7 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 421 8 monocytes monocyte NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 421 9 incite incite VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 421 10 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 421 11 storm storm NN cord-299731-sis9952k 421 12 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 421 13 severe severe JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 421 14 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 421 15 patients patient NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 421 16 Mechanism Mechanism NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 421 17 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 421 18 cyclizing cyclize VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 421 19 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 421 20 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 421 21 cyclic cyclic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 421 22 ADP ADP NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 421 23 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 421 24 ribose ribose NN cord-299731-sis9952k 421 25 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 421 26 ADP ADP NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 421 27 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 421 28 ribosyl ribosyl JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 421 29 cyclase cyclase NN cord-299731-sis9952k 421 30 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 421 31 CD38 CD38 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 421 32 Crosstalk crosstalk NN cord-299731-sis9952k 421 33 between between IN cord-299731-sis9952k 421 34 poly(ADP poly(adp NN cord-299731-sis9952k 421 35 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 421 36 ribose ribose NN cord-299731-sis9952k 421 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 421 38 polymerase polymerase NN cord-299731-sis9952k 421 39 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 421 40 sirtuin sirtuin NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 421 41 enzymes enzyme NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 421 42 SIRT1 SIRT1 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 421 43 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 421 44 transforming transform VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 421 45 growth growth NN cord-299731-sis9952k 421 46 factor factor NN cord-299731-sis9952k 421 47 beta beta NN cord-299731-sis9952k 421 48 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 421 49 induced induce VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 421 50 apoptosis apoptosis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 421 51 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 421 52 glomerular glomerular JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 421 53 mesangial mesangial JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 421 54 cells cell NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 421 55 via via IN cord-299731-sis9952k 422 1 Smad7 Smad7 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 422 2 deacetylation deacetylation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 422 3 Cellular Cellular NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 422 4 Immune Immune NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 422 5 Responsesto Responsesto NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 423 1 Severe severe JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 423 2 Acute acute JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 423 3 Respiratory Respiratory NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 423 4 Syndrome Syndrome NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 423 5 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 424 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 424 2 SARS SARS NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 424 3 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 424 4 CoV CoV NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 424 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 424 6 Infection infection NN cord-299731-sis9952k 424 7 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 424 8 Senescent Senescent NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 425 1 BALB BALB NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 425 2 / / SYM cord-299731-sis9952k 425 3 c c NN cord-299731-sis9952k 425 4 Mice mouse NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 425 5 : : : cord-299731-sis9952k 425 6 CD4 CD4 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 425 7 + + CC cord-299731-sis9952k 425 8 T t NN cord-299731-sis9952k 425 9 cells cell NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 425 10 are be VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 425 11 important important JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 425 12 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 425 13 control control NN cord-299731-sis9952k 425 14 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 425 15 SARS SARS NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 425 16 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 425 17 CoV CoV NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 425 18 infection infection NN cord-299731-sis9952k 425 19 Exploring explore VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 425 20 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 425 21 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 425 22 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 425 23 severe severe JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 425 24 acute acute JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 425 25 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 425 26 syndrome syndrome NN cord-299731-sis9952k 425 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 425 28 SARS SARS NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 425 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 425 30 : : : cord-299731-sis9952k 426 1 The the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 426 2 tissue tissue NN cord-299731-sis9952k 426 3 distribution distribution NN cord-299731-sis9952k 426 4 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 426 5 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 426 6 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-299731-sis9952k 426 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 426 8 SARS SARS NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 426 9 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 426 10 CoV CoV NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 426 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 426 12 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 426 13 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-299731-sis9952k 426 14 putative putative JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 426 15 receptor receptor NN cord-299731-sis9952k 426 16 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 426 17 angiotensin angiotensin NN cord-299731-sis9952k 426 18 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 426 19 converting convert VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 426 20 enzyme enzyme NN cord-299731-sis9952k 426 21 2 2 CD cord-299731-sis9952k 427 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 427 2 ACE2 ACE2 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 427 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 427 4 Dysregulation Dysregulation NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 427 5 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 427 6 Immune Immune NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 427 7 Response response NN cord-299731-sis9952k 427 8 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 427 9 Patients patient NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 427 10 With with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 427 11 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 427 12 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 427 13 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 427 14 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 427 15 aging aging NN cord-299731-sis9952k 427 16 process process NN cord-299731-sis9952k 427 17 : : : cord-299731-sis9952k 427 18 Role role NN cord-299731-sis9952k 427 19 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 427 20 life life NN cord-299731-sis9952k 427 21 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 427 22 death death NN cord-299731-sis9952k 427 23 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 427 24 everything everything NN cord-299731-sis9952k 427 25 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 427 26 between between IN cord-299731-sis9952k 427 27 NAD+ NAD+ NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 427 28 biosynthesis biosynthesis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 427 29 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 427 30 aging age VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 427 31 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 427 32 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 427 33 disease disease NN cord-299731-sis9952k 427 34 Niacin Niacin NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 428 1 Modulates modulate VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 428 2 Pro pro JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 428 3 - - JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 428 4 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 428 5 Cytokine cytokine NN cord-299731-sis9952k 428 6 Secretion secretion NN cord-299731-sis9952k 428 7 . . . cord-299731-sis9952k 429 1 A a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 429 2 Potential Potential NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 429 3 Mechanism Mechanism NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 429 4 Involved involve VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 429 5 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 429 6 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-299731-sis9952k 429 7 Anti anti JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 429 8 - - JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 429 9 atherosclerotic atherosclerotic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 429 10 Effect effect NN cord-299731-sis9952k 430 1 Nicotinamide Nicotinamide NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 430 2 Exacerbates exacerbate VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 430 3 Hypoxemia Hypoxemia NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 430 4 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 430 5 Ventilator Ventilator NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 430 6 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 430 7 Induced Induced NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 430 8 Lung Lung NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 430 9 Injury Injury NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 430 10 Independent Independent NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 430 11 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 430 12 Neutrophil Neutrophil NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 430 13 Infiltration Infiltration NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 430 14 Role Role NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 430 15 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 430 16 poly poly NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 430 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 430 18 ADP ADP NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 430 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 430 20 ribose ribose NN cord-299731-sis9952k 430 21 polymerase-1 polymerase-1 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 430 22 inhibition inhibition NN cord-299731-sis9952k 430 23 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 430 24 nicotinamide nicotinamide NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 430 25 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 430 26 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 430 27 possible possible JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 430 28 additive additive NN cord-299731-sis9952k 430 29 treatment treatment NN cord-299731-sis9952k 430 30 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 430 31 modulate modulate VB cord-299731-sis9952k 430 32 host host NN cord-299731-sis9952k 430 33 immune immune JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 430 34 response response NN cord-299731-sis9952k 430 35 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 430 36 prevention prevention NN cord-299731-sis9952k 430 37 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 430 38 cytokine cytokine NN cord-299731-sis9952k 430 39 storm storm NN cord-299731-sis9952k 430 40 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 430 41 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 430 42 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 430 43 infection infection NN cord-299731-sis9952k 431 1 : : : cord-299731-sis9952k 431 2 The the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 431 3 perspectives perspective NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 431 4 on on IN cord-299731-sis9952k 431 5 immune immune JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 431 6 responses response NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 431 7 Effects effect NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 431 8 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 431 9 Nicotinamide Nicotinamide NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 431 10 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 431 11 Niacin Niacin NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 431 12 on on IN cord-299731-sis9952k 431 13 Bleomycin Bleomycin NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 431 14 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 431 15 Induced Induced NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 431 16 Acute Acute NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 431 17 Injury Injury NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 431 18 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 431 19 Subsequent Subsequent NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 431 20 Fibrosis Fibrosis NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 431 21 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 431 22 Hamster Hamster NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 431 23 Lungs Lungs NNPS cord-299731-sis9952k 431 24 Niacin Niacin NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 431 25 attenuates attenuate VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 431 26 acute acute JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 431 27 lung lung NN cord-299731-sis9952k 431 28 injury injury NN cord-299731-sis9952k 431 29 induced induce VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 431 30 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 431 31 lipopolysaccharide lipopolysaccharide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 431 32 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 431 33 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 431 34 hamster hamster NN cord-299731-sis9952k 431 35 Nicotinamide Nicotinamide NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 431 36 riboside riboside NN cord-299731-sis9952k 431 37 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 431 38 uniquely uniquely RB cord-299731-sis9952k 431 39 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 431 40 orally orally RB cord-299731-sis9952k 431 41 bioavailable bioavailable JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 431 42 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 431 43 mice mouse NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 431 44 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 431 45 humans human NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 432 1 An an DT cord-299731-sis9952k 432 2 open open JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 432 3 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 432 4 label label NN cord-299731-sis9952k 432 5 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 432 6 non non JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 432 7 - - JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 432 8 randomized randomized JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 432 9 study study NN cord-299731-sis9952k 432 10 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 432 11 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 432 12 pharmacokinetics pharmacokinetic NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 432 13 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 432 14 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 432 15 nutritional nutritional JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 432 16 supplement supplement NN cord-299731-sis9952k 432 17 nicotinamide nicotinamide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 432 18 riboside riboside NN cord-299731-sis9952k 432 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 432 20 NR NR NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 432 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 432 22 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 432 23 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-299731-sis9952k 432 24 effects effect NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 432 25 on on IN cord-299731-sis9952k 432 26 blood blood NN cord-299731-sis9952k 432 27 NAD+ NAD+ NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 432 28 levels level NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 432 29 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 432 30 healthy healthy JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 432 31 volunteers volunteer NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 432 32 Safety Safety NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 432 33 Considerations consideration NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 432 34 with with IN cord-299731-sis9952k 432 35 Niacin Niacin NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 432 36 Therapy Therapy NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 432 37 ACC ACC NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 432 38 / / SYM cord-299731-sis9952k 432 39 AHA AHA NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 432 40 Guideline Guideline NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 432 41 on on IN cord-299731-sis9952k 432 42 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 432 43 Treatment treatment NN cord-299731-sis9952k 432 44 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 432 45 Blood blood NN cord-299731-sis9952k 432 46 Cholesterol cholesterol NN cord-299731-sis9952k 432 47 to to TO cord-299731-sis9952k 432 48 Reduce reduce VB cord-299731-sis9952k 432 49 Atherosclerotic atherosclerotic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 432 50 Cardiovascular cardiovascular JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 432 51 Risk risk NN cord-299731-sis9952k 432 52 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 432 53 Adults Adults NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 432 54 NRK1 NRK1 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 432 55 controls control VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 432 56 nicotinamide nicotinamide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 432 57 mononucleotide mononucleotide NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 432 58 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 432 59 nicotinamide nicotinamide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 432 60 riboside riboside NN cord-299731-sis9952k 432 61 metabolism metabolism NN cord-299731-sis9952k 432 62 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 432 63 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 432 64 cells cell NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 432 65 Quantitative Quantitative NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 432 66 Analysis Analysis NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 432 67 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 432 68 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 432 69 Synthesis Synthesis NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 432 70 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 432 71 Breakdown Breakdown NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 432 72 Fluxes Fluxes NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 432 73 Nicotinamide Nicotinamide NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 432 74 Riboside Riboside NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 432 75 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 432 76 an an DT cord-299731-sis9952k 432 77 Unusual unusual JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 432 78 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 432 79 Non Non NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 432 80 - - JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 432 81 Typical typical JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 432 82 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 432 83 Substrate Substrate NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 432 84 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 432 85 Purified Purified NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 432 86 Purine Purine NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 432 87 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 432 88 Nucleoside Nucleoside NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 432 89 Phosphorylases Phosphorylases NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 432 90 Nicotinamide Nicotinamide NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 432 91 Mononucleotide Mononucleotide NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 432 92 : : : cord-299731-sis9952k 432 93 Exploration exploration NN cord-299731-sis9952k 432 94 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 432 95 Diverse Diverse NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 432 96 Therapeutic Therapeutic NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 432 97 Applications Applications NNPS cord-299731-sis9952k 432 98 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 432 99 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 432 100 Potential Potential NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 432 101 Molecule Molecule NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 432 102 Niacin niacin NN cord-299731-sis9952k 432 103 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 432 104 tryptophan tryptophan NN cord-299731-sis9952k 432 105 relationships relationship NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 432 106 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 432 107 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 432 108 development development NN cord-299731-sis9952k 432 109 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 432 110 pellagra pellagra NN cord-299731-sis9952k 433 1 The the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 433 2 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 433 3 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 433 4 Booster Booster NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 433 5 Nicotinamide Nicotinamide NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 433 6 Riboside Riboside NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 433 7 Potently Potently NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 433 8 Stimulates stimulate VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 433 9 Hematopoiesis Hematopoiesis NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 433 10 through through IN cord-299731-sis9952k 433 11 Increased Increased NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 433 12 Mitochondrial Mitochondrial NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 433 13 Clearance Clearance NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 433 14 Nicotinamide Nicotinamide NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 433 15 riboside riboside NN cord-299731-sis9952k 433 16 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 433 17 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 433 18 form form NN cord-299731-sis9952k 433 19 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 433 20 vitamin vitamin NN cord-299731-sis9952k 433 21 B3 b3 NN cord-299731-sis9952k 433 22 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 433 23 NAD+ NAD+ NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 433 24 precursor precursor NN cord-299731-sis9952k 433 25 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 433 26 relieves relieve VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 433 27 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 433 28 nociceptive nociceptive JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 433 29 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 433 30 aversive aversive JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 433 31 dimensions dimension NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 433 32 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 433 33 paclitaxel paclitaxel NN cord-299731-sis9952k 433 34 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 433 35 induced induce VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 433 36 peripheral peripheral JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 433 37 neuropathy neuropathy NN cord-299731-sis9952k 433 38 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 433 39 female female JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 433 40 rats rat NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 434 1 Nicotinamide nicotinamide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 434 2 riboside riboside NN cord-299731-sis9952k 434 3 kinases kinase NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 434 4 display display VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 434 5 redundancy redundancy NN cord-299731-sis9952k 434 6 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 434 7 mediating mediate VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 434 8 nicotinamide nicotinamide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 434 9 mononucleotide mononucleotide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 434 10 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 434 11 nicotinamide nicotinamide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 434 12 riboside riboside NN cord-299731-sis9952k 434 13 metabolism metabolism NN cord-299731-sis9952k 434 14 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 434 15 skeletal skeletal JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 434 16 muscle muscle NN cord-299731-sis9952k 434 17 cells cell NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 435 1 Slc12a8 Slc12a8 NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 435 2 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 436 1 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 436 2 nicotinamide nicotinamide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 436 3 mononucleotide mononucleotide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 436 4 transporter transporter NN cord-299731-sis9952k 436 5 A a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 436 6 reduced reduce VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 436 7 form form NN cord-299731-sis9952k 436 8 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 436 9 nicotinamide nicotinamide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 436 10 riboside riboside NN cord-299731-sis9952k 436 11 defines define VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 436 12 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 436 13 new new JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 436 14 path path NN cord-299731-sis9952k 436 15 for for IN cord-299731-sis9952k 436 16 NAD+ NAD+ NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 436 17 biosynthesis biosynthesis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 436 18 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 436 19 acts act VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 436 20 as as IN cord-299731-sis9952k 436 21 an an DT cord-299731-sis9952k 436 22 orally orally RB cord-299731-sis9952k 436 23 bioavailable bioavailable JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 436 24 NAD+ NAD+ NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 436 25 precursor precursor NN cord-299731-sis9952k 437 1 Dihydronicotinamide dihydronicotinamide JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 437 2 riboside riboside NN cord-299731-sis9952k 437 3 is be VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 437 4 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 437 5 potent potent JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 437 6 NAD+ NAD+ NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 437 7 concentration concentration NN cord-299731-sis9952k 437 8 enhancer enhancer NN cord-299731-sis9952k 438 1 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 438 2 vitro vitro FW cord-299731-sis9952k 438 3 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 438 4 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 438 5 vivo vivo FW cord-299731-sis9952k 438 6 NRH nrh NN cord-299731-sis9952k 438 7 salvage salvage NN cord-299731-sis9952k 438 8 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 438 9 conversion conversion NN cord-299731-sis9952k 438 10 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 438 11 NAD+ NAD+ NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 438 12 requires require VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 438 13 NRH nrh NN cord-299731-sis9952k 438 14 kinase kinase NN cord-299731-sis9952k 438 15 activity activity NN cord-299731-sis9952k 438 16 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 438 17 adenosine adenosine NN cord-299731-sis9952k 438 18 kinase kinase NN cord-299731-sis9952k 438 19 Niacin Niacin NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 438 20 : : : cord-299731-sis9952k 439 1 Chemical chemical NN cord-299731-sis9952k 439 2 forms form NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 439 3 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 439 4 bioavailability bioavailability NN cord-299731-sis9952k 439 5 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 439 6 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 439 7 health health NN cord-299731-sis9952k 439 8 effects effect NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 440 1 A a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 440 2 rise rise NN cord-299731-sis9952k 440 3 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 440 4 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 440 5 precursor precursor NN cord-299731-sis9952k 440 6 nicotinamide nicotinamide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 440 7 mononucleotide mononucleotide NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 440 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 440 9 NMN NMN NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 440 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 440 11 after after IN cord-299731-sis9952k 440 12 injury injury NN cord-299731-sis9952k 440 13 promotes promote VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 440 14 axon axon NN cord-299731-sis9952k 440 15 degeneration degeneration NN cord-299731-sis9952k 440 16 Effect Effect NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 440 17 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 440 18 oral oral JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 440 19 administration administration NN cord-299731-sis9952k 440 20 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 440 21 nicotinamide nicotinamide NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 440 22 mononucleotide mononucleotide NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 440 23 on on IN cord-299731-sis9952k 440 24 clinical clinical JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 440 25 parameters parameter NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 440 26 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 440 27 nicotinamide nicotinamide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 440 28 metabolite metabolite NN cord-299731-sis9952k 440 29 levels level NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 440 30 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 440 31 healthy healthy JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 440 32 Japanese japanese JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 440 33 men man NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 440 34 PUMA PUMA NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 440 35 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 440 36 G g NN cord-299731-sis9952k 440 37 / / SYM cord-299731-sis9952k 440 38 HM74A hm74a NN cord-299731-sis9952k 440 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 440 40 mediates mediate VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 440 41 nicotinic nicotinic JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 440 42 acid acid NN cord-299731-sis9952k 440 43 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 440 44 induced induce VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 440 45 flushing flush VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 440 46 NAD+ NAD+ NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 440 47 metabolism metabolism NN cord-299731-sis9952k 440 48 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 440 49 health health NN cord-299731-sis9952k 440 50 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 440 51 disease disease NN cord-299731-sis9952k 440 52 Generation Generation NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 440 53 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 440 54 Release Release NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 440 55 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 440 56 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 440 57 Uptake Uptake NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 440 58 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 440 59 the the DT cord-299731-sis9952k 440 60 NAD NAD NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 440 61 Precursor Precursor NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 440 62 Nicotinic Nicotinic NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 440 63 Acid acid NN cord-299731-sis9952k 440 64 Riboside Riboside NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 440 65 by by IN cord-299731-sis9952k 440 66 Human Human NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 440 67 Cells cell NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 441 1 Nicotinamide Nicotinamide NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 441 2 Riboside Riboside NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 441 3 Kinase Kinase NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 441 4 Structures structure NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 441 5 Reveal reveal VBP cord-299731-sis9952k 441 6 New new JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 441 7 Pathways pathway NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 441 8 to to IN cord-299731-sis9952k 441 9 NAD+ NAD+ NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 441 10 Syntheses Syntheses NNPS cord-299731-sis9952k 441 11 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 441 12 chemical chemical JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 441 13 properties property NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 441 14 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 441 15 β β NN cord-299731-sis9952k 441 16 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 441 17 nicotinamide nicotinamide JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 441 18 riboside riboside NN cord-299731-sis9952k 441 19 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 441 20 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-299731-sis9952k 441 21 analogues analogue NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 441 22 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 441 23 derivatives derivative NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 441 24 Simple simple JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 441 25 methods method NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 441 26 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 441 27 preparing prepare VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 441 28 nicotinamide nicotinamide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 441 29 mononucleotide mononucleotide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 441 30 Simple simple JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 441 31 methods method NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 441 32 for for IN cord-299731-sis9952k 441 33 preparing prepare VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 441 34 nicotinamide nicotinamide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 441 35 mononucleotide mononucleotide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 441 36 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 441 37 related relate VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 441 38 analogs analog NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 442 1 Nicotinamide Nicotinamide NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 442 2 Riboside Riboside NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 442 3 Derivatives derivative NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 442 4 : : : cord-299731-sis9952k 442 5 Single Single NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 442 6 Crystal Crystal NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 442 7 Growth Growth NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 442 8 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 442 9 Determination Determination NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 442 10 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 442 11 X x NN cord-299731-sis9952k 442 12 - - NN cord-299731-sis9952k 442 13 ray ray NN cord-299731-sis9952k 442 14 Structures structure NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 442 15 Crystalline Crystalline NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 442 16 Form Form NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 442 17 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 442 18 Nicotinamide Nicotinamide NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 442 19 Riboside Riboside NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 442 20 Syntheses synthesis NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 442 21 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 442 22 nicotinamide nicotinamide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 442 23 riboside riboside NN cord-299731-sis9952k 442 24 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 442 25 derivatives derivative NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 442 26 : : : cord-299731-sis9952k 442 27 Effective effective JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 442 28 agents agent NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 442 29 for for IN cord-299731-sis9952k 442 30 increasing increase VBG cord-299731-sis9952k 442 31 nicotinamide nicotinamide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 442 32 adenine adenine NN cord-299731-sis9952k 442 33 dinucleotide dinucleotide NN cord-299731-sis9952k 442 34 concentrations concentration NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 442 35 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 442 36 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 442 37 cells cell NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 442 38 Safety safety NN cord-299731-sis9952k 442 39 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 442 40 Metabolism metabolism NN cord-299731-sis9952k 442 41 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 442 42 Long long JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 442 43 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 442 44 term term NN cord-299731-sis9952k 442 45 Administration Administration NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 442 46 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 442 47 NIAGEN NIAGEN NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 442 48 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 442 49 Nicotinamide Nicotinamide NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 442 50 Riboside Riboside NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 442 51 Chloride Chloride NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 442 52 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 442 53 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 442 54 a a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 442 55 Randomized randomized JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 442 56 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 442 57 Double double JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 442 58 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 442 59 Blind blind JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 442 60 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 442 61 Placebo Placebo NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 442 62 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 442 63 controlled control VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 442 64 Clinical Clinical NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 442 65 Trial Trial NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 442 66 of of IN cord-299731-sis9952k 442 67 Healthy Healthy NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 442 68 Overweight Overweight NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 442 69 Adults Adults NNPS cord-299731-sis9952k 443 1 Repeat repeat VB cord-299731-sis9952k 444 1 dose dose JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 444 2 NRPT NRPT NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 444 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 444 4 nicotinamide nicotinamide JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 444 5 riboside riboside NN cord-299731-sis9952k 444 6 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 444 7 pterostilbene pterostilbene NN cord-299731-sis9952k 444 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-299731-sis9952k 444 9 increases increase VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 444 10 NAD+ NAD+ NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 444 11 levels level NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 444 12 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 444 13 humans human NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 444 14 safely safely RB cord-299731-sis9952k 444 15 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 444 16 sustainably sustainably RB cord-299731-sis9952k 444 17 : : : cord-299731-sis9952k 444 18 A a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 444 19 randomized randomized JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 444 20 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 444 21 double double JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 444 22 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 444 23 blind blind JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 444 24 , , , cord-299731-sis9952k 444 25 placebo placebo NN cord-299731-sis9952k 444 26 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 444 27 controlled control VBN cord-299731-sis9952k 444 28 study study NN cord-299731-sis9952k 444 29 Acute Acute NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 444 30 nicotinamide nicotinamide NNP cord-299731-sis9952k 445 1 riboside riboside JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 445 2 supplementation supplementation NN cord-299731-sis9952k 445 3 improves improve VBZ cord-299731-sis9952k 445 4 redox redox JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 445 5 homeostasis homeostasis NN cord-299731-sis9952k 445 6 and and CC cord-299731-sis9952k 445 7 exercise exercise NN cord-299731-sis9952k 445 8 performance performance NN cord-299731-sis9952k 445 9 in in IN cord-299731-sis9952k 445 10 old old JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 445 11 individuals individual NNS cord-299731-sis9952k 445 12 : : : cord-299731-sis9952k 445 13 A a DT cord-299731-sis9952k 445 14 double double JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 445 15 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 445 16 blind blind JJ cord-299731-sis9952k 445 17 cross cross NN cord-299731-sis9952k 445 18 - - HYPH cord-299731-sis9952k 445 19 over over RP cord-299731-sis9952k 445 20 study study NN