id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentences	flesch	summary	cache	txt
cord-000005-zt6i3o86	Bischof, Larry J.	Activation of the Unfolded Protein Response Is Required for Defenses against Bacterial Pore-Forming Toxin In Vivo	2008-10-10		.txt	text/plain	7600	401	56	elegans and mammalian cells to PFTs. We demonstrate for the first time that the ire-1 -xbp-1 arm of the UPR (and to a lesser extent the atf-6 arm) is functionally important for defense against a pathogenic attack since loss of this pathway leads to animals hypersensitive to PFT, but not to other toxic insults. As shown, a strong and specific increase in GFP expression in the intestine can be seen in the presence of the PFT ( Figure 1B , middle panel), consistent with activation of the ire-1-xbp-1 pathway by Cry5B. Consistent with activation of the ire-1-xbp-1 pathway by p38 MAPK in response to PFT but not unfolded proteins, the full induction of both mRNAs by Cry5B, but not tunicamycin, is dependent on sek-1 MAPKK. Specifically, we find that bacterial pore-forming toxins (PFTs) activate the ire-1-xbp-1 branch of the ER Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) in C.	./cache/cord-000005-zt6i3o86.txt	./txt/cord-000005-zt6i3o86.txt