id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentences	flesch	summary	cache	txt
cord-001109-xs7df6a7	Tapia, Karla	Defective Viral Genomes Arising In Vivo Provide Critical Danger Signals for the Triggering of Lung Antiviral Immunity	2013-10-31		.txt	text/plain	7169	360	50	We demonstrate that these defective viral genomes (DVGs) are generated naturally during respiratory infections in vivo even in mice lacking the type I IFN receptor, and their appearance coincides with the production of cytokines during infections with Sendai virus (SeV) or influenza virus. To further investigate the cellular mechanisms responsible for the efficient activation of the antiviral response by SeV DVGs, we evaluated the phosphorylation of transcription factors that are critical for the expression of type I IFNs in cells infected with equivalent amounts of infectious particles of a SeV strain Cantell stock containing high levels of copy-back DVGs (SeV Cantell HD) or with SeV Cantell depleted of DVGs (SeV Cantell LD). Based on the potent ability of SeV stocks containing a high content of copy-back DVGs to induce the host response to infection in vitro [23, 24, 25, 28] (Fig. 1 ) and on our prior reports of strong host responses to DVGs regardless of the presence of functional virus-encoded antagonists [23, 24] , we hypothesized that DVGs that arise in situ during viral infections provide essential stimuli to initiate an antiviral immune response.	./cache/cord-001109-xs7df6a7.txt	./txt/cord-001109-xs7df6a7.txt