id sid tid token lemma pos cord-342291-imn7g084 1 1 key key NN cord-342291-imn7g084 1 2 : : : cord-342291-imn7g084 1 3 cord-342291-imn7g084 cord-342291-imn7g084 NN cord-342291-imn7g084 1 4 authors author NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 1 5 : : : cord-342291-imn7g084 1 6 Ciminski Ciminski NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 1 7 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 1 8 Kevin Kevin NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 1 9 ; ; : cord-342291-imn7g084 1 10 Pfaff Pfaff NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 1 11 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 1 12 Florian Florian NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 1 13 ; ; : cord-342291-imn7g084 1 14 Beer Beer NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 1 15 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 1 16 Martin Martin NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 1 17 ; ; : cord-342291-imn7g084 1 18 Schwemmle Schwemmle NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 1 19 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 2 1 Martin Martin NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 2 2 title title NN cord-342291-imn7g084 2 3 : : : cord-342291-imn7g084 3 1 Bats bat NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 3 2 reveal reveal VBP cord-342291-imn7g084 3 3 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 3 4 true true JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 3 5 power power NN cord-342291-imn7g084 3 6 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 3 7 influenza influenza NN cord-342291-imn7g084 3 8 A a DT cord-342291-imn7g084 3 9 virus virus NN cord-342291-imn7g084 3 10 adaptability adaptability NN cord-342291-imn7g084 3 11 date date NN cord-342291-imn7g084 3 12 : : : cord-342291-imn7g084 3 13 2020 2020 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 3 14 - - HYPH cord-342291-imn7g084 3 15 04 04 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 3 16 - - HYPH cord-342291-imn7g084 3 17 16 16 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 3 18 journal journal NN cord-342291-imn7g084 3 19 : : : cord-342291-imn7g084 4 1 PLoS PLoS NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 4 2 Pathog Pathog NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 4 3 DOI DOI NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 4 4 : : : cord-342291-imn7g084 4 5 10.1371 10.1371 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 4 6 / / SYM cord-342291-imn7g084 4 7 journal.ppat.1008384 journal.ppat.1008384 NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 4 8 sha sha NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 4 9 : : : cord-342291-imn7g084 5 1 834cbd5b9d00ed372131b42ca1b9b706ac3f5bc0 834cbd5b9d00ed372131b42ca1b9b706ac3f5bc0 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 5 2 doc_id doc_id CD cord-342291-imn7g084 5 3 : : : cord-342291-imn7g084 5 4 342291 342291 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 5 5 cord_uid cord_uid NN cord-342291-imn7g084 5 6 : : : cord-342291-imn7g084 6 1 imn7g084 imn7g084 NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 6 2 nan nan NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 7 1 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 7 2 A a DT cord-342291-imn7g084 7 3 viruses virus NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 7 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 7 5 IAVs iav NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 7 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 7 7 circulate circulate VBP cord-342291-imn7g084 7 8 among among IN cord-342291-imn7g084 7 9 a a DT cord-342291-imn7g084 7 10 wide wide JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 7 11 variety variety NN cord-342291-imn7g084 7 12 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 7 13 different different JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 7 14 hosts host NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 7 15 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 8 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-342291-imn7g084 8 2 can can MD cord-342291-imn7g084 8 3 cross cross VB cord-342291-imn7g084 8 4 species species NN cord-342291-imn7g084 8 5 barriers barrier NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 8 6 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 8 7 establish establish VB cord-342291-imn7g084 8 8 new new JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 8 9 virus virus NN cord-342291-imn7g084 8 10 lineages lineage NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 8 11 in in IN cord-342291-imn7g084 8 12 avian avian JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 8 13 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 8 14 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 8 15 species specie NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 8 16 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 9 1 As as IN cord-342291-imn7g084 9 2 a a DT cord-342291-imn7g084 9 3 consequence consequence NN cord-342291-imn7g084 9 4 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 9 5 IAVs iav NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 9 6 are be VBP cord-342291-imn7g084 9 7 exposed expose VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 9 8 to to IN cord-342291-imn7g084 9 9 recurrent recurrent JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 9 10 selective selective JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 9 11 pressures pressure NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 9 12 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 9 13 leading lead VBG cord-342291-imn7g084 9 14 to to IN cord-342291-imn7g084 9 15 a a DT cord-342291-imn7g084 9 16 range range NN cord-342291-imn7g084 9 17 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 9 18 virus virus NN cord-342291-imn7g084 9 19 variants variant NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 9 20 that that WDT cord-342291-imn7g084 9 21 are be VBP cord-342291-imn7g084 9 22 able able JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 9 23 to to TO cord-342291-imn7g084 9 24 cope cope VB cord-342291-imn7g084 9 25 with with IN cord-342291-imn7g084 9 26 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 9 27 new new JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 9 28 host host NN cord-342291-imn7g084 9 29 environment environment NN cord-342291-imn7g084 9 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 9 31 1 1 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 9 32 ] ] -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 9 33 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 10 1 Bats bat NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 10 2 were be VBD cord-342291-imn7g084 10 3 not not RB cord-342291-imn7g084 10 4 considered consider VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 10 5 to to TO cord-342291-imn7g084 10 6 be be VB cord-342291-imn7g084 10 7 part part NN cord-342291-imn7g084 10 8 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 10 9 this this DT cord-342291-imn7g084 10 10 IAV IAV NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 10 11 habitat habitat NN cord-342291-imn7g084 10 12 until until IN cord-342291-imn7g084 10 13 recently recently RB cord-342291-imn7g084 10 14 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 10 15 when when WRB cord-342291-imn7g084 10 16 two two CD cord-342291-imn7g084 10 17 phylogenetically phylogenetically RB cord-342291-imn7g084 10 18 distinct distinct JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 10 19 IAV IAV NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 10 20 lineages lineage NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 10 21 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 10 22 designated designate VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 10 23 H17N10 H17N10 NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 10 24 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 10 25 H18N11 H18N11 NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 10 26 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 10 27 were be VBD cord-342291-imn7g084 10 28 identified identify VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 10 29 in in IN cord-342291-imn7g084 10 30 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 10 31 New New NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 10 32 World World NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 10 33 bats bat NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 10 34 Sturnira Sturnira NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 10 35 lilium lilium NN cord-342291-imn7g084 10 36 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 10 37 Artibeus Artibeus NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 10 38 spp spp NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 10 39 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 10 40 respectively respectively RB cord-342291-imn7g084 10 41 [ [ -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 10 42 2 2 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 10 43 ] ] -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 10 44 [ [ -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 10 45 3 3 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 10 46 ] ] -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 10 47 [ [ -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 10 48 4 4 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 10 49 ] ] -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 10 50 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 11 1 Likewise likewise RB cord-342291-imn7g084 11 2 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 11 3 Old Old NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 11 4 World World NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 11 5 bats bat NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 11 6 can can MD cord-342291-imn7g084 11 7 harbor harbor VB cord-342291-imn7g084 11 8 influenza influenza NN cord-342291-imn7g084 11 9 viruses virus NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 11 10 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 11 11 as as IN cord-342291-imn7g084 11 12 exemplified exemplify VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 11 13 by by IN cord-342291-imn7g084 11 14 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 11 15 genetically genetically RB cord-342291-imn7g084 11 16 distinct distinct JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 11 17 H9N2 H9N2 NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 11 18 virus virus NN cord-342291-imn7g084 11 19 found find VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 11 20 in in IN cord-342291-imn7g084 11 21 Egyptian egyptian JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 11 22 fruit fruit NN cord-342291-imn7g084 11 23 bats bat NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 11 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 11 25 Rousettus Rousettus NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 11 26 aegyptiacus aegyptiacus NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 11 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 12 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 12 2 5 5 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 12 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 12 4 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 13 1 The the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 13 2 discovery discovery NN cord-342291-imn7g084 13 3 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 13 4 influenza influenza NN cord-342291-imn7g084 13 5 viruses virus NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 13 6 in in IN cord-342291-imn7g084 13 7 New New NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 13 8 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 13 9 Old Old NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 13 10 World World NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 13 11 bats bat NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 13 12 did do VBD cord-342291-imn7g084 13 13 severely severely RB cord-342291-imn7g084 13 14 challenge challenge VB cord-342291-imn7g084 13 15 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-342291-imn7g084 13 16 previous previous JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 13 17 conception conception NN cord-342291-imn7g084 13 18 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 13 19 IAV IAV NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 13 20 host host NN cord-342291-imn7g084 13 21 range range NN cord-342291-imn7g084 13 22 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 13 23 phylogeny phylogeny NN cord-342291-imn7g084 13 24 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 14 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-342291-imn7g084 14 2 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 14 3 moreover moreover RB cord-342291-imn7g084 14 4 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 14 5 provided provide VBD cord-342291-imn7g084 14 6 unexpected unexpected JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 14 7 insights insight NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 14 8 into into IN cord-342291-imn7g084 14 9 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 14 10 remarkable remarkable JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 14 11 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 14 12 potential potential NN cord-342291-imn7g084 14 13 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 14 14 these these DT cord-342291-imn7g084 14 15 viruses virus NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 14 16 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 14 17 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-342291-imn7g084 14 18 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 14 19 origin origin NN cord-342291-imn7g084 14 20 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 15 1 The the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 15 2 genetic genetic JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 15 3 divergence divergence NN cord-342291-imn7g084 15 4 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 15 5 IAVs iav NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 15 6 circulating circulate VBG cord-342291-imn7g084 15 7 in in IN cord-342291-imn7g084 15 8 New New NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 15 9 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 15 10 Old Old NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 15 11 World World NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 15 12 bat bat NN cord-342291-imn7g084 15 13 species species NN cord-342291-imn7g084 15 14 is be VBZ cord-342291-imn7g084 15 15 much much RB cord-342291-imn7g084 15 16 broader broad JJR cord-342291-imn7g084 15 17 than than IN cord-342291-imn7g084 15 18 initially initially RB cord-342291-imn7g084 15 19 anticipated anticipate VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 15 20 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 16 1 Bat bat NN cord-342291-imn7g084 16 2 - - HYPH cord-342291-imn7g084 16 3 derived derive VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 16 4 IAVs iav NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 16 5 have have VBP cord-342291-imn7g084 16 6 a a DT cord-342291-imn7g084 16 7 higher high JJR cord-342291-imn7g084 16 8 overall overall JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 16 9 genetic genetic JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 16 10 diversity diversity NN cord-342291-imn7g084 16 11 than than IN cord-342291-imn7g084 16 12 conventional conventional JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 16 13 non non JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 16 14 - - JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 16 15 bat bat JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 16 16 IAVs iav NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 16 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 16 18 3 3 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 16 19 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 16 20 5 5 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 16 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 16 22 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 17 1 Internal internal JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 17 2 gene gene NN cord-342291-imn7g084 17 3 segments segment NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 17 4 that that WDT cord-342291-imn7g084 17 5 are be VBP cord-342291-imn7g084 17 6 usually usually RB cord-342291-imn7g084 17 7 highly highly RB cord-342291-imn7g084 17 8 conserved conserved JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 17 9 among among IN cord-342291-imn7g084 17 10 IAVs iav NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 17 11 cluster cluster NN cord-342291-imn7g084 17 12 as as IN cord-342291-imn7g084 17 13 one one CD cord-342291-imn7g084 17 14 narrow narrow JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 17 15 clade clade NN cord-342291-imn7g084 17 16 on on IN cord-342291-imn7g084 17 17 a a DT cord-342291-imn7g084 17 18 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 17 19 branch branch NN cord-342291-imn7g084 17 20 when when WRB cord-342291-imn7g084 17 21 non non JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 17 22 - - JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 17 23 bat bat JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 17 24 IAVs iav NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 17 25 are be VBP cord-342291-imn7g084 17 26 analyzed analyze VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 17 27 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 17 28 whereas whereas IN cord-342291-imn7g084 17 29 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 17 30 corresponding correspond VBG cord-342291-imn7g084 17 31 gene gene NN cord-342291-imn7g084 17 32 segments segment NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 17 33 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 17 34 New New NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 17 35 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 17 36 Old Old NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 17 37 World World NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 17 38 bat bat NN cord-342291-imn7g084 17 39 IAVs iav NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 17 40 form form VBP cord-342291-imn7g084 17 41 distant distant JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 17 42 outgroups outgroup NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 17 43 [ [ -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 17 44 3 3 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 17 45 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 17 46 5 5 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 17 47 ] ] -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 17 48 ( ( -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 17 49 Fig Fig NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 17 50 1A 1a NN cord-342291-imn7g084 17 51 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 17 52 S1 S1 NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 17 53 Fig Fig NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 17 54 ) ) -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 17 55 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 18 1 New new JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 18 2 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 18 3 Old Old NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 18 4 World World NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 18 5 bat bat NN cord-342291-imn7g084 18 6 IAVs iav NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 18 7 did do VBD cord-342291-imn7g084 18 8 most most RBS cord-342291-imn7g084 18 9 likely likely RB cord-342291-imn7g084 18 10 split split VB cord-342291-imn7g084 18 11 into into IN cord-342291-imn7g084 18 12 two two CD cord-342291-imn7g084 18 13 genetic genetic JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 18 14 branches branch NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 18 15 as as IN cord-342291-imn7g084 18 16 a a DT cord-342291-imn7g084 18 17 result result NN cord-342291-imn7g084 18 18 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 18 19 either either DT cord-342291-imn7g084 18 20 geographic geographic JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 18 21 separation separation NN cord-342291-imn7g084 18 22 or or CC cord-342291-imn7g084 18 23 multiple multiple JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 18 24 early early JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 18 25 spillover spillover NN cord-342291-imn7g084 18 26 events event NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 18 27 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 18 28 ancient ancient JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 18 29 viruses virus NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 18 30 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 19 1 Phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 19 2 backdating backdating NN cord-342291-imn7g084 19 3 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 19 4 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 19 5 internal internal JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 19 6 gene gene NN cord-342291-imn7g084 19 7 segments segment NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 19 8 suggests suggest VBZ cord-342291-imn7g084 19 9 that that IN cord-342291-imn7g084 19 10 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 19 11 precursor precursor NN cord-342291-imn7g084 19 12 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 19 13 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 19 14 New New NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 19 15 World World NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 19 16 bat bat NN cord-342291-imn7g084 19 17 IAVs iav NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 19 18 separated separate VBD cord-342291-imn7g084 19 19 from from IN cord-342291-imn7g084 19 20 all all DT cord-342291-imn7g084 19 21 other other JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 19 22 lineages lineage NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 19 23 more more JJR cord-342291-imn7g084 19 24 than than IN cord-342291-imn7g084 19 25 650 650 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 19 26 years year NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 19 27 ago ago RB cord-342291-imn7g084 19 28 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 19 29 although although IN cord-342291-imn7g084 19 30 some some DT cord-342291-imn7g084 19 31 uncertainties uncertainty NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 19 32 commonly commonly RB cord-342291-imn7g084 19 33 associated associate VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 19 34 with with IN cord-342291-imn7g084 19 35 molecular molecular JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 19 36 clock clock NN cord-342291-imn7g084 19 37 analyses analysis NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 19 38 exist exist VBP cord-342291-imn7g084 19 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 19 40 Fig fig NN cord-342291-imn7g084 19 41 1B 1b CD cord-342291-imn7g084 19 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 19 43 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 20 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-342291-imn7g084 20 2 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 20 3 although although IN cord-342291-imn7g084 20 4 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 20 5 Old Old NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 20 6 World World NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 20 7 bat bat NN cord-342291-imn7g084 20 8 H9N2 H9N2 NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 20 9 subtype subtype NN cord-342291-imn7g084 20 10 arose arise VBD cord-342291-imn7g084 20 11 from from IN cord-342291-imn7g084 20 12 a a DT cord-342291-imn7g084 20 13 common common JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 20 14 ancestor ancestor NN cord-342291-imn7g084 20 15 dated date VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 20 16 around around IN cord-342291-imn7g084 20 17 1700 1700 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 20 18 CE CE NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 20 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 20 20 Fig Fig NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 20 21 1B 1b NN cord-342291-imn7g084 20 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 20 23 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 20 24 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-342291-imn7g084 20 25 H9 H9 NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 20 26 hemagglutinin hemagglutinin NN cord-342291-imn7g084 20 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 20 28 HA HA NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 20 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 20 30 sequence sequence NN cord-342291-imn7g084 20 31 is be VBZ cord-342291-imn7g084 20 32 phylogenetically phylogenetically RB cord-342291-imn7g084 20 33 similar similar JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 20 34 to to IN cord-342291-imn7g084 20 35 younger young JJR cord-342291-imn7g084 20 36 sequences sequence NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 20 37 isolated isolate VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 20 38 from from IN cord-342291-imn7g084 20 39 avian avian JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 20 40 hosts host NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 20 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 20 42 Fig Fig NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 20 43 1C 1c NN cord-342291-imn7g084 20 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 20 45 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 21 1 This this DT cord-342291-imn7g084 21 2 disparity disparity NN cord-342291-imn7g084 21 3 is be VBZ cord-342291-imn7g084 21 4 best well RBS cord-342291-imn7g084 21 5 explained explain VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 21 6 by by IN cord-342291-imn7g084 21 7 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 21 8 occurrence occurrence NN cord-342291-imn7g084 21 9 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 21 10 more more JJR cord-342291-imn7g084 21 11 recent recent JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 21 12 reassortment reassortment JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 21 13 events event NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 21 14 between between IN cord-342291-imn7g084 21 15 Old Old NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 21 16 World World NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 21 17 bat bat NN cord-342291-imn7g084 21 18 ancestral ancestral JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 21 19 viruses virus NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 21 20 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 21 21 avian avian JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 21 22 strains strain NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 21 23 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 22 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-342291-imn7g084 22 2 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 22 3 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-342291-imn7g084 22 4 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 22 5 analyses analysis NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 22 6 reveal reveal VBP cord-342291-imn7g084 22 7 that that IN cord-342291-imn7g084 22 8 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 22 9 newly newly RB cord-342291-imn7g084 22 10 discovered discover VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 22 11 bat bat NN cord-342291-imn7g084 22 12 IAVs iav NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 22 13 share share VBP cord-342291-imn7g084 22 14 a a DT cord-342291-imn7g084 22 15 common common JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 22 16 ancestor ancestor NN cord-342291-imn7g084 22 17 with with IN cord-342291-imn7g084 22 18 non non JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 22 19 - - JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 22 20 bat bat JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 22 21 IAVs iav NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 22 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 22 23 Fig Fig NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 22 24 1A 1a NN cord-342291-imn7g084 22 25 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 22 26 1B 1b CD cord-342291-imn7g084 22 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 22 28 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 23 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-342291-imn7g084 23 2 is be VBZ cord-342291-imn7g084 23 3 therefore therefore RB cord-342291-imn7g084 23 4 conceivable conceivable JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 23 5 that that IN cord-342291-imn7g084 23 6 all all DT cord-342291-imn7g084 23 7 present present JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 23 8 - - HYPH cord-342291-imn7g084 23 9 day day NN cord-342291-imn7g084 23 10 IAVs iav NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 23 11 originate originate VBP cord-342291-imn7g084 23 12 from from IN cord-342291-imn7g084 23 13 bats bat NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 23 14 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 24 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-342291-imn7g084 24 2 is be VBZ cord-342291-imn7g084 24 3 equally equally RB cord-342291-imn7g084 24 4 possible possible JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 24 5 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 24 6 however however RB cord-342291-imn7g084 24 7 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 24 8 that that IN cord-342291-imn7g084 24 9 an an DT cord-342291-imn7g084 24 10 even even RB cord-342291-imn7g084 24 11 older old JJR cord-342291-imn7g084 24 12 IAV IAV NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 24 13 precursor precursor NN cord-342291-imn7g084 24 14 was be VBD cord-342291-imn7g084 24 15 circulating circulate VBG cord-342291-imn7g084 24 16 in in IN cord-342291-imn7g084 24 17 avian avian JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 24 18 species specie NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 24 19 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 24 20 was be VBD cord-342291-imn7g084 24 21 later later RB cord-342291-imn7g084 24 22 introduced introduce VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 24 23 into into IN cord-342291-imn7g084 24 24 mammals mammal NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 24 25 - - : cord-342291-imn7g084 24 26 including include VBG cord-342291-imn7g084 24 27 bats bat NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 24 28 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 25 1 What what WP cord-342291-imn7g084 25 2 is be VBZ cord-342291-imn7g084 25 3 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 25 4 biological biological JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 25 5 role role NN cord-342291-imn7g084 25 6 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 25 7 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 25 8 bat bat NN cord-342291-imn7g084 25 9 IAV IAV NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 25 10 surface surface NN cord-342291-imn7g084 25 11 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 25 12 ? ? . cord-342291-imn7g084 26 1 IAVs iav NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 26 2 initiate initiate VBP cord-342291-imn7g084 26 3 infection infection NN cord-342291-imn7g084 26 4 via via IN cord-342291-imn7g084 26 5 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 26 6 viral viral JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 26 7 HA HA NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 26 8 surface surface NN cord-342291-imn7g084 26 9 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-342291-imn7g084 26 10 that that WDT cord-342291-imn7g084 26 11 binds bind VBZ cord-342291-imn7g084 26 12 to to IN cord-342291-imn7g084 26 13 sialic sialic JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 26 14 acid acid JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 26 15 receptors receptor NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 26 16 on on IN cord-342291-imn7g084 26 17 host host NN cord-342291-imn7g084 26 18 cell cell NN cord-342291-imn7g084 26 19 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 26 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 26 21 Fig Fig NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 26 22 2A 2a CD cord-342291-imn7g084 26 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 26 24 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 27 1 Until until IN cord-342291-imn7g084 27 2 recently recently RB cord-342291-imn7g084 27 3 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 27 4 it -PRON- PRP cord-342291-imn7g084 27 5 was be VBD cord-342291-imn7g084 27 6 thought think VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 27 7 that that IN cord-342291-imn7g084 27 8 sialic sialic JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 27 9 acids acid NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 27 10 serve serve VBP cord-342291-imn7g084 27 11 as as IN cord-342291-imn7g084 27 12 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 27 13 universal universal JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 27 14 receptors receptor NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 27 15 for for IN cord-342291-imn7g084 27 16 all all DT cord-342291-imn7g084 27 17 influenza influenza NN cord-342291-imn7g084 27 18 virus virus NN cord-342291-imn7g084 27 19 strains strain NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 27 20 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 27 21 thereby thereby RB cord-342291-imn7g084 27 22 facilitating facilitate VBG cord-342291-imn7g084 27 23 cross cross JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 27 24 - - JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 27 25 species species JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 27 26 transmission transmission NN cord-342291-imn7g084 27 27 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 28 1 Indeed indeed RB cord-342291-imn7g084 28 2 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 28 3 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 28 4 HA HA NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 28 5 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 28 6 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 28 7 newly newly RB cord-342291-imn7g084 28 8 discovered discover VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 28 9 Old Old NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 28 10 World World NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 28 11 bat bat NN cord-342291-imn7g084 28 12 H9N2 H9N2 NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 28 13 virus virus NN cord-342291-imn7g084 28 14 binds bind VBZ cord-342291-imn7g084 28 15 to to IN cord-342291-imn7g084 28 16 α2,3-sialic α2,3-sialic XX cord-342291-imn7g084 29 1 In in IN cord-342291-imn7g084 29 2 contrast contrast NN cord-342291-imn7g084 29 3 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 29 4 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 29 5 internal internal JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 29 6 gene gene NN cord-342291-imn7g084 29 7 segments segment NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 29 8 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 29 9 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 29 10 bat bat NN cord-342291-imn7g084 29 11 - - HYPH cord-342291-imn7g084 29 12 derived derive VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 29 13 IAVs iav NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 29 14 form form VBP cord-342291-imn7g084 29 15 two two CD cord-342291-imn7g084 29 16 outgroups outgroup NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 29 17 that that WDT cord-342291-imn7g084 29 18 are be VBP cord-342291-imn7g084 29 19 located locate VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 29 20 at at IN cord-342291-imn7g084 29 21 a a DT cord-342291-imn7g084 29 22 more more RBR cord-342291-imn7g084 29 23 basal basal JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 29 24 position position NN cord-342291-imn7g084 29 25 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 30 1 Notably notably RB cord-342291-imn7g084 30 2 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 30 3 Old Old NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 30 4 World World NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 30 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 30 6 red red JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 30 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 30 8 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 30 9 New New NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 30 10 World World NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 30 11 bat bat NN cord-342291-imn7g084 30 12 IAVs iav NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 30 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 30 14 purple purple NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 30 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 30 16 are be VBP cord-342291-imn7g084 30 17 widely widely RB cord-342291-imn7g084 30 18 separated separate VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 30 19 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 31 1 The the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 31 2 parallel parallel JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 31 3 lines line NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 31 4 indicate indicate VBP cord-342291-imn7g084 31 5 uncertainties uncertainty NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 31 6 between between IN cord-342291-imn7g084 31 7 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 31 8 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 31 9 trees tree NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 31 10 that that WDT cord-342291-imn7g084 31 11 make make VBP cord-342291-imn7g084 31 12 up up RP cord-342291-imn7g084 31 13 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 31 14 presented present VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 31 15 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 31 16 network network NN cord-342291-imn7g084 31 17 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 32 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 32 2 B b NN cord-342291-imn7g084 32 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 33 1 A a DT cord-342291-imn7g084 33 2 timecalibrated timecalibrated JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 33 3 phylogeny phylogeny NN cord-342291-imn7g084 33 4 was be VBD cord-342291-imn7g084 33 5 calculated calculate VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 33 6 for for IN cord-342291-imn7g084 33 7 PB1 PB1 NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 33 8 as as IN cord-342291-imn7g084 33 9 a a DT cord-342291-imn7g084 33 10 representative representative JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 33 11 IAV IAV NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 33 12 internal internal JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 33 13 gene gene NN cord-342291-imn7g084 33 14 segment segment NN cord-342291-imn7g084 33 15 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 34 1 The the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 34 2 timeline timeline NN cord-342291-imn7g084 34 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 34 4 presented present VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 34 5 in in IN cord-342291-imn7g084 34 6 CE CE NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 34 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 34 8 shows show VBZ cord-342291-imn7g084 34 9 that that IN cord-342291-imn7g084 34 10 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 34 11 New New NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 34 12 World World NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 34 13 bat bat NN cord-342291-imn7g084 34 14 IAV IAV NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 34 15 segments segment NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 34 16 branched branch VBD cord-342291-imn7g084 34 17 off off RP cord-342291-imn7g084 34 18 more more JJR cord-342291-imn7g084 34 19 than than IN cord-342291-imn7g084 34 20 650 650 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 34 21 years year NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 34 22 ago ago RB cord-342291-imn7g084 35 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 35 2 purple purple JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 35 3 node node NN cord-342291-imn7g084 35 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 35 5 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 35 6 that that IN cord-342291-imn7g084 35 7 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 35 8 last last JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 35 9 common common JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 35 10 ancestor ancestor NN cord-342291-imn7g084 35 11 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 35 12 Old Old NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 35 13 World World NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 35 14 bat bat NN cord-342291-imn7g084 35 15 IAVs iav NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 35 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 35 17 red red JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 35 18 node node NN cord-342291-imn7g084 35 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 35 20 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 35 21 conventional conventional JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 35 22 IAVs iav NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 35 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 35 24 blue blue JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 35 25 node node NN cord-342291-imn7g084 35 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 35 27 is be VBZ cord-342291-imn7g084 35 28 around around RB cord-342291-imn7g084 35 29 300 300 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 35 30 years year NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 35 31 old old JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 35 32 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 36 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 36 2 C C NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 36 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 37 1 Surprisingly surprisingly RB cord-342291-imn7g084 37 2 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 37 3 a a DT cord-342291-imn7g084 37 4 comparable comparable JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 37 5 time time NN cord-342291-imn7g084 37 6 - - HYPH cord-342291-imn7g084 37 7 calibrated calibrate VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 37 8 phylogeny phylogeny NN cord-342291-imn7g084 37 9 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 37 10 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 37 11 Old Old NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 37 12 World World NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 37 13 bat bat NN cord-342291-imn7g084 37 14 H9 H9 NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 37 15 HA HA NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 37 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 37 17 red red JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 37 18 node node NN cord-342291-imn7g084 37 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 37 20 along along IN cord-342291-imn7g084 37 21 with with IN cord-342291-imn7g084 37 22 conventional conventional JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 37 23 H8 H8 NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 37 24 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 37 25 H9 H9 NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 37 26 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 37 27 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 37 28 H12 H12 NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 37 29 HAs have VBZ cord-342291-imn7g084 37 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 37 31 blue blue JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 37 32 nodes node NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 37 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 37 34 points point VBZ cord-342291-imn7g084 37 35 to to IN cord-342291-imn7g084 37 36 a a DT cord-342291-imn7g084 37 37 much much RB cord-342291-imn7g084 37 38 more more RBR cord-342291-imn7g084 37 39 recent recent JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 37 40 common common JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 37 41 ancestor ancestor NN cord-342291-imn7g084 37 42 for for IN cord-342291-imn7g084 37 43 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 37 44 Old Old NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 37 45 World World NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 37 46 bat bat NN cord-342291-imn7g084 37 47 - - HYPH cord-342291-imn7g084 37 48 derived derive VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 37 49 HA HA NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 37 50 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 38 1 See see VB cord-342291-imn7g084 38 2 supporting support VBG cord-342291-imn7g084 38 3 information information NN cord-342291-imn7g084 38 4 for for IN cord-342291-imn7g084 38 5 a a DT cord-342291-imn7g084 38 6 detailed detailed JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 38 7 description description NN cord-342291-imn7g084 38 8 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 38 9 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 38 10 performed perform VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 38 11 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 38 12 analysis analysis NN cord-342291-imn7g084 38 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 38 14 S1 S1 NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 38 15 Technical Technical NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 38 16 Appendix Appendix NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 38 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 38 18 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 38 19 a a DT cord-342291-imn7g084 38 20 full full JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 38 21 - - HYPH cord-342291-imn7g084 38 22 sized sized JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 38 23 version version NN cord-342291-imn7g084 38 24 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 38 25 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 38 26 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 38 27 network network NN cord-342291-imn7g084 38 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 38 29 S1 S1 NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 38 30 Fig Fig NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 38 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 38 32 _SP cord-342291-imn7g084 38 33 acid acid NN cord-342291-imn7g084 38 34 moieties moiety NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 38 35 [ [ -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 38 36 5 5 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 38 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 38 38 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 39 1 Surprisingly surprisingly RB cord-342291-imn7g084 39 2 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 39 3 however however RB cord-342291-imn7g084 39 4 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 39 5 H17 H17 NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 39 6 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 39 7 H18 H18 NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 39 8 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 39 9 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 39 10 New New NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 39 11 World World NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 39 12 bat bat NN cord-342291-imn7g084 39 13 influenza influenza NN cord-342291-imn7g084 39 14 strains strain NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 39 15 were be VBD cord-342291-imn7g084 39 16 found find VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 39 17 to to TO cord-342291-imn7g084 39 18 lack lack VB cord-342291-imn7g084 39 19 this this DT cord-342291-imn7g084 39 20 property property NN cord-342291-imn7g084 39 21 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 39 22 can can MD cord-342291-imn7g084 39 23 not not RB cord-342291-imn7g084 39 24 use use VB cord-342291-imn7g084 39 25 sialic sialic JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 39 26 acid acid NN cord-342291-imn7g084 39 27 receptors receptor NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 39 28 for for IN cord-342291-imn7g084 39 29 infection infection NN cord-342291-imn7g084 39 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 39 31 3 3 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 39 32 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 39 33 6 6 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 39 34 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 39 35 7 7 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 39 36 ] ] -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 39 37 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 40 1 Instead instead RB cord-342291-imn7g084 40 2 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 40 3 both both CC cord-342291-imn7g084 40 4 New New NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 40 5 World World NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 40 6 bat bat NN cord-342291-imn7g084 40 7 - - HYPH cord-342291-imn7g084 40 8 derived derive VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 40 9 HA HA NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 40 10 subtypes subtype NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 40 11 utilize utilize VBP cord-342291-imn7g084 40 12 major major JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 40 13 histocompatibility histocompatibility NN cord-342291-imn7g084 40 14 complex complex JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 40 15 class class NN cord-342291-imn7g084 40 16 II II NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 40 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 40 18 MHC MHC NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 40 19 - - HYPH cord-342291-imn7g084 40 20 II II NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 40 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 40 22 molecules molecule NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 40 23 for for IN cord-342291-imn7g084 40 24 cell cell NN cord-342291-imn7g084 40 25 entry entry NN cord-342291-imn7g084 40 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 40 27 8 8 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 40 28 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 40 29 9 9 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 40 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 40 31 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 41 1 Importantly importantly RB cord-342291-imn7g084 41 2 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 41 3 MHC MHC NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 41 4 - - HYPH cord-342291-imn7g084 41 5 II II NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 41 6 proteins protein NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 41 7 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 41 8 multiple multiple JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 41 9 species specie NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 41 10 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 41 11 including include VBG cord-342291-imn7g084 41 12 chicken chicken NN cord-342291-imn7g084 41 13 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 41 14 pigs pig NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 41 15 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 41 16 mice mouse NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 41 17 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 41 18 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 41 19 humans human NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 41 20 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 41 21 can can MD cord-342291-imn7g084 41 22 serve serve VB cord-342291-imn7g084 41 23 as as IN cord-342291-imn7g084 41 24 receptors receptor NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 41 25 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 41 26 indicating indicate VBG cord-342291-imn7g084 41 27 that that IN cord-342291-imn7g084 41 28 receptor receptor NN cord-342291-imn7g084 41 29 usage usage NN cord-342291-imn7g084 41 30 by by IN cord-342291-imn7g084 41 31 bat bat NN cord-342291-imn7g084 41 32 IAVs iav NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 41 33 does do VBZ cord-342291-imn7g084 41 34 not not RB cord-342291-imn7g084 41 35 provide provide VB cord-342291-imn7g084 41 36 a a DT cord-342291-imn7g084 41 37 tight tight JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 41 38 species specie NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 41 39 barrier barrier NN cord-342291-imn7g084 41 40 but but CC cord-342291-imn7g084 41 41 is be VBZ cord-342291-imn7g084 41 42 compatible compatible JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 41 43 with with IN cord-342291-imn7g084 41 44 a a DT cord-342291-imn7g084 41 45 broad broad JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 41 46 host host NN cord-342291-imn7g084 41 47 range range NN cord-342291-imn7g084 41 48 ( ( -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 41 49 Fig Fig NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 41 50 2B 2b CD cord-342291-imn7g084 41 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 41 52 [ [ -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 41 53 10 10 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 41 54 ] ] -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 41 55 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 42 1 MHC MHC NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 42 2 - - HYPH cord-342291-imn7g084 42 3 II II NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 42 4 molecules molecule NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 42 5 are be VBP cord-342291-imn7g084 42 6 normally normally RB cord-342291-imn7g084 42 7 found find VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 42 8 on on IN cord-342291-imn7g084 42 9 immune immune JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 42 10 cells cell NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 42 11 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 42 12 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 42 13 lymphoid lymphoid JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 42 14 tissue tissue NN cord-342291-imn7g084 42 15 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 42 16 such such JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 42 17 as as IN cord-342291-imn7g084 42 18 B b NN cord-342291-imn7g084 42 19 cells cell NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 42 20 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 42 21 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 42 22 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 42 23 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 42 24 dendritic dendritic JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 42 25 cells cell NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 42 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 42 27 11 11 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 42 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 42 29 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 42 30 but but CC cord-342291-imn7g084 42 31 they -PRON- PRP cord-342291-imn7g084 42 32 can can MD cord-342291-imn7g084 42 33 also also RB cord-342291-imn7g084 42 34 be be VB cord-342291-imn7g084 42 35 expressed express VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 42 36 on on IN cord-342291-imn7g084 42 37 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 42 38 cells cell NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 42 39 [ [ -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 42 40 12 12 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 42 41 ] ] -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 42 42 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 43 1 Although although IN cord-342291-imn7g084 43 2 MHC MHC NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 43 3 - - HYPH cord-342291-imn7g084 43 4 II II NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 43 5 molecules molecule NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 43 6 are be VBP cord-342291-imn7g084 43 7 indispensable indispensable JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 43 8 for for IN cord-342291-imn7g084 43 9 H17-and h17-and NN cord-342291-imn7g084 44 1 H18-mediated h18-mediated JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 44 2 cell cell NN cord-342291-imn7g084 44 3 entry entry NN cord-342291-imn7g084 44 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 44 5 8 8 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 44 6 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 44 7 9 9 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 44 8 ] ] -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 45 1 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 45 2 it -PRON- PRP cord-342291-imn7g084 45 3 is be VBZ cord-342291-imn7g084 45 4 presently presently RB cord-342291-imn7g084 45 5 not not RB cord-342291-imn7g084 45 6 clear clear JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 45 7 whether whether IN cord-342291-imn7g084 45 8 they -PRON- PRP cord-342291-imn7g084 45 9 serve serve VBP cord-342291-imn7g084 45 10 as as IN cord-342291-imn7g084 45 11 bona bona FW cord-342291-imn7g084 45 12 fide fide JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 45 13 binding bind VBG cord-342291-imn7g084 45 14 receptors receptor NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 45 15 or or CC cord-342291-imn7g084 45 16 else else RB cord-342291-imn7g084 45 17 as as IN cord-342291-imn7g084 45 18 necessary necessary JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 45 19 entry entry NN cord-342291-imn7g084 45 20 cofactors cofactor NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 45 21 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 46 1 Physical physical JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 46 2 interactions interaction NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 46 3 between between IN cord-342291-imn7g084 46 4 H17 H17 NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 46 5 / / SYM cord-342291-imn7g084 46 6 H18 H18 NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 46 7 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 46 8 MHC MHC NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 46 9 - - HYPH cord-342291-imn7g084 46 10 II II NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 46 11 molecules molecule NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 46 12 need need VBP cord-342291-imn7g084 46 13 to to TO cord-342291-imn7g084 46 14 be be VB cord-342291-imn7g084 46 15 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 46 16 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 46 17 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 46 18 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 46 19 binding bind VBG cord-342291-imn7g084 46 20 interface(s interface(s NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 46 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 46 22 need need VB cord-342291-imn7g084 46 23 to to TO cord-342291-imn7g084 46 24 be be VB cord-342291-imn7g084 46 25 defined define VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 46 26 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 47 1 Conventional conventional JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 47 2 IAVs iav NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 47 3 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 47 4 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 47 5 bat bat NN cord-342291-imn7g084 47 6 H9N2 H9N2 NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 47 7 virus virus NN cord-342291-imn7g084 47 8 possess possess VBP cord-342291-imn7g084 47 9 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 47 10 surface surface NN cord-342291-imn7g084 47 11 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-342291-imn7g084 47 12 neuraminidase neuraminidase NN cord-342291-imn7g084 47 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 47 14 NA NA NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 47 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 47 16 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 47 17 which which WDT cord-342291-imn7g084 47 18 removes remove VBZ cord-342291-imn7g084 47 19 sialic sialic JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 47 20 acid acid NN cord-342291-imn7g084 47 21 residues residue NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 47 22 from from IN cord-342291-imn7g084 47 23 infected infected JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 47 24 cells cell NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 47 25 to to TO cord-342291-imn7g084 47 26 facilitate facilitate VB cord-342291-imn7g084 47 27 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 47 28 release release NN cord-342291-imn7g084 47 29 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 47 30 newly newly RB cord-342291-imn7g084 47 31 formed form VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 47 32 viral viral JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 47 33 particles particle NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 47 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 47 35 Fig Fig NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 47 36 2A 2a CD cord-342291-imn7g084 47 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 47 38 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 48 1 The the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 48 2 New New NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 48 3 World World NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 48 4 bat bat NN cord-342291-imn7g084 48 5 - - HYPH cord-342291-imn7g084 48 6 derived derive VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 48 7 IAVs iav NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 48 8 also also RB cord-342291-imn7g084 48 9 encode encode VBP cord-342291-imn7g084 48 10 an an DT cord-342291-imn7g084 48 11 NA NA NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 48 12 protein protein NN cord-342291-imn7g084 48 13 which which WDT cord-342291-imn7g084 48 14 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 48 15 however however RB cord-342291-imn7g084 48 16 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 48 17 has have VBZ cord-342291-imn7g084 48 18 no no DT cord-342291-imn7g084 48 19 detectable detectable JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 48 20 sialidase sialidase NN cord-342291-imn7g084 48 21 activity activity NN cord-342291-imn7g084 48 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 48 23 2 2 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 48 24 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 48 25 3 3 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 48 26 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 48 27 13 13 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 48 28 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 48 29 14 14 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 48 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 48 31 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 49 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ cord-342291-imn7g084 49 2 real real JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 49 3 function function NN cord-342291-imn7g084 49 4 has have VBZ cord-342291-imn7g084 49 5 remained remain VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 49 6 enigmatic enigmatic JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 49 7 until until IN cord-342291-imn7g084 49 8 recently recently RB cord-342291-imn7g084 49 9 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 50 1 Preliminary preliminary JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 50 2 data datum NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 50 3 now now RB cord-342291-imn7g084 50 4 suggest suggest VBP cord-342291-imn7g084 50 5 that that IN cord-342291-imn7g084 50 6 bat bat NN cord-342291-imn7g084 50 7 N11 N11 NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 50 8 down down RB cord-342291-imn7g084 50 9 - - HYPH cord-342291-imn7g084 50 10 regulates regulate VBZ cord-342291-imn7g084 50 11 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 50 12 surface surface NN cord-342291-imn7g084 50 13 expression expression NN cord-342291-imn7g084 50 14 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 50 15 MHC MHC NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 50 16 - - HYPH cord-342291-imn7g084 50 17 II II NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 50 18 molecules molecule NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 50 19 by by IN cord-342291-imn7g084 50 20 an an DT cord-342291-imn7g084 50 21 as as RB cord-342291-imn7g084 50 22 yet yet RB cord-342291-imn7g084 50 23 unknown unknown JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 50 24 mechanism mechanism NN cord-342291-imn7g084 50 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 50 26 15 15 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 50 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 50 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 50 29 Fig Fig NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 50 30 2B 2b CD cord-342291-imn7g084 50 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 50 32 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 51 1 If if IN cord-342291-imn7g084 51 2 confirmed confirm VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 51 3 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 51 4 these these DT cord-342291-imn7g084 51 5 data datum NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 51 6 demonstrate demonstrate VBP cord-342291-imn7g084 51 7 that that IN cord-342291-imn7g084 51 8 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 51 9 surface surface NN cord-342291-imn7g084 51 10 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 51 11 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 51 12 New New NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 51 13 World World NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 51 14 bat bat NN cord-342291-imn7g084 51 15 IAVs iav NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 51 16 have have VBP cord-342291-imn7g084 51 17 both both DT cord-342291-imn7g084 51 18 receptor receptor NN cord-342291-imn7g084 51 19 binding binding NN cord-342291-imn7g084 51 20 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 51 21 destroying destroy VBG cord-342291-imn7g084 51 22 activities activity NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 51 23 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 51 24 hence hence RB cord-342291-imn7g084 51 25 serve serve VBP cord-342291-imn7g084 51 26 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 51 27 same same JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 51 28 function function NN cord-342291-imn7g084 51 29 as as IN cord-342291-imn7g084 51 30 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 51 31 HA HA NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 51 32 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 51 33 NA NA NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 51 34 proteins protein NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 51 35 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 51 36 conventional conventional JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 51 37 IAVs iav NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 51 38 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 52 1 A a DT cord-342291-imn7g084 52 2 well well RB cord-342291-imn7g084 52 3 - - HYPH cord-342291-imn7g084 52 4 known know VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 52 5 characteristic characteristic NN cord-342291-imn7g084 52 6 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 52 7 IAVs iav NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 52 8 is be VBZ cord-342291-imn7g084 52 9 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-342291-imn7g084 52 10 capacity capacity NN cord-342291-imn7g084 52 11 to to TO cord-342291-imn7g084 52 12 rapidly rapidly RB cord-342291-imn7g084 52 13 evolve evolve VB cord-342291-imn7g084 52 14 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 52 15 adapt adapt VB cord-342291-imn7g084 52 16 to to IN cord-342291-imn7g084 52 17 new new JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 52 18 environments environment NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 52 19 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 53 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ cord-342291-imn7g084 53 2 adaptability adaptability NN cord-342291-imn7g084 53 3 is be VBZ cord-342291-imn7g084 53 4 based base VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 53 5 mainly mainly RB cord-342291-imn7g084 53 6 on on IN cord-342291-imn7g084 53 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 53 8 1 1 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 53 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 53 10 gene gene NN cord-342291-imn7g084 53 11 reassortment reassortment NN cord-342291-imn7g084 53 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 53 13 i.e. i.e. FW cord-342291-imn7g084 53 14 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 53 15 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 53 16 ability ability NN cord-342291-imn7g084 53 17 to to TO cord-342291-imn7g084 53 18 exchange exchange VB cord-342291-imn7g084 53 19 gene gene NN cord-342291-imn7g084 53 20 segments segment NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 53 21 between between IN cord-342291-imn7g084 53 22 strains strain NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 53 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 53 24 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 53 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 53 26 2 2 LS cord-342291-imn7g084 53 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 53 28 genetic genetic JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 53 29 drift drift NN cord-342291-imn7g084 53 30 that that WDT cord-342291-imn7g084 53 31 generates generate VBZ cord-342291-imn7g084 53 32 a a DT cord-342291-imn7g084 53 33 vast vast JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 53 34 number number NN cord-342291-imn7g084 53 35 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 53 36 viral viral JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 53 37 quasispecies quasispecie NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 53 38 due due IN cord-342291-imn7g084 53 39 to to IN cord-342291-imn7g084 53 40 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 53 41 infidelity infidelity NN cord-342291-imn7g084 53 42 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 53 43 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 53 44 viral viral JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 53 45 polymerase polymerase NN cord-342291-imn7g084 53 46 [ [ -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 53 47 16 16 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 53 48 ] ] -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 53 49 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 54 1 Reassortment Reassortment NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 54 2 between between IN cord-342291-imn7g084 54 3 two two CD cord-342291-imn7g084 54 4 _SP cord-342291-imn7g084 54 5 different different JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 54 6 yet yet RB cord-342291-imn7g084 54 7 compatible compatible JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 54 8 viruses virus NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 54 9 may may MD cord-342291-imn7g084 54 10 generate generate VB cord-342291-imn7g084 54 11 antigenically antigenically RB cord-342291-imn7g084 54 12 novel novel JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 54 13 strains strain NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 54 14 with with IN cord-342291-imn7g084 54 15 pandemic pandemic NN cord-342291-imn7g084 54 16 potential potential NN cord-342291-imn7g084 54 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 54 18 17 17 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 54 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 54 20 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 55 1 Favorable favorable JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 55 2 mutations mutation NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 55 3 acquired acquire VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 55 4 by by IN cord-342291-imn7g084 55 5 genetic genetic JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 55 6 drift drift NN cord-342291-imn7g084 55 7 allow allow VB cord-342291-imn7g084 55 8 evasion evasion NN cord-342291-imn7g084 55 9 from from IN cord-342291-imn7g084 55 10 host host NN cord-342291-imn7g084 55 11 immune immune JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 55 12 responses response NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 55 13 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 55 14 promote promote VB cord-342291-imn7g084 55 15 successful successful JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 55 16 adaptation adaptation NN cord-342291-imn7g084 55 17 to to IN cord-342291-imn7g084 55 18 new new JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 55 19 hosts host NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 55 20 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 56 1 For for IN cord-342291-imn7g084 56 2 instance instance NN cord-342291-imn7g084 56 3 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 56 4 specific specific JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 56 5 amino amino NN cord-342291-imn7g084 56 6 acid acid NN cord-342291-imn7g084 56 7 substitutions substitution NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 56 8 in in IN cord-342291-imn7g084 56 9 HA HA NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 56 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 56 11 E190D E190D NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 56 12 / / SYM cord-342291-imn7g084 56 13 G225D G225D NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 56 14 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 56 15 Q226L Q226L NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 56 16 / / SYM cord-342291-imn7g084 56 17 G228S G228S NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 56 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 56 19 enable enable VBP cord-342291-imn7g084 56 20 avian avian JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 56 21 IAVs iav NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 56 22 to to TO cord-342291-imn7g084 56 23 bind bind VB cord-342291-imn7g084 56 24 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 56 25 infect infect VB cord-342291-imn7g084 56 26 human human JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 56 27 cells cell NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 56 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 56 29 18 18 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 56 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 56 31 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 57 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-342291-imn7g084 57 2 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 57 3 as as IN cord-342291-imn7g084 57 4 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 57 5 H17 H17 NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 57 6 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 57 7 H18 H18 NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 57 8 proteins protein NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 57 9 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 57 10 New New NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 57 11 World World NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 57 12 bat bat NN cord-342291-imn7g084 57 13 IAVs iav NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 57 14 are be VBP cord-342291-imn7g084 57 15 homologs homolog NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 57 16 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 57 17 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 57 18 HA HA NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 57 19 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 57 20 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 57 21 conventional conventional JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 57 22 IAVs iav NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 57 23 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 57 24 they -PRON- PRP cord-342291-imn7g084 57 25 must must MD cord-342291-imn7g084 57 26 have have VB cord-342291-imn7g084 57 27 undergone undergo VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 57 28 drastic drastic JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 57 29 changes change NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 57 30 to to TO cord-342291-imn7g084 57 31 accommodate accommodate VB cord-342291-imn7g084 57 32 MHC MHC NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 57 33 - - HYPH cord-342291-imn7g084 57 34 II II NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 57 35 molecules molecule NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 57 36 as as IN cord-342291-imn7g084 57 37 entry entry NN cord-342291-imn7g084 57 38 factors factor NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 57 39 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 58 1 An an DT cord-342291-imn7g084 58 2 exchange exchange NN cord-342291-imn7g084 58 3 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 58 4 key key JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 58 5 amino amino NN cord-342291-imn7g084 58 6 acids acid NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 58 7 in in IN cord-342291-imn7g084 58 8 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 58 9 putative putative JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 58 10 receptor receptor NN cord-342291-imn7g084 58 11 binding bind VBG cord-342291-imn7g084 58 12 site site NN cord-342291-imn7g084 58 13 prevents prevent VBZ cord-342291-imn7g084 58 14 any any DT cord-342291-imn7g084 58 15 interaction interaction NN cord-342291-imn7g084 58 16 with with IN cord-342291-imn7g084 58 17 sialic sialic JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 58 18 acid acid NN cord-342291-imn7g084 58 19 residues residue NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 58 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 58 21 2 2 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 58 22 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 58 23 3 3 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 58 24 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 58 25 6 6 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 58 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 58 27 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 59 1 The the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 59 2 underlying underlie VBG cord-342291-imn7g084 59 3 selection selection NN cord-342291-imn7g084 59 4 pressure pressure NN cord-342291-imn7g084 59 5 that that WDT cord-342291-imn7g084 59 6 resulted result VBD cord-342291-imn7g084 59 7 in in IN cord-342291-imn7g084 59 8 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 59 9 switch switch NN cord-342291-imn7g084 59 10 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 59 11 receptor receptor NN cord-342291-imn7g084 59 12 usage usage NN cord-342291-imn7g084 59 13 is be VBZ cord-342291-imn7g084 59 14 not not RB cord-342291-imn7g084 59 15 known know VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 59 16 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 59 17 remains remain VBZ cord-342291-imn7g084 59 18 a a DT cord-342291-imn7g084 59 19 matter matter NN cord-342291-imn7g084 59 20 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 59 21 speculation speculation NN cord-342291-imn7g084 59 22 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 60 1 A a DT cord-342291-imn7g084 60 2 plausible plausible JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 60 3 scenario scenario NN cord-342291-imn7g084 60 4 would would MD cord-342291-imn7g084 60 5 be be VB cord-342291-imn7g084 60 6 that that IN cord-342291-imn7g084 60 7 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 60 8 precursor precursor NN cord-342291-imn7g084 60 9 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 60 10 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 60 11 presently presently RB cord-342291-imn7g084 60 12 known know VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 60 13 IAVs iav NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 60 14 harbored harbor VBD cord-342291-imn7g084 60 15 a a DT cord-342291-imn7g084 60 16 HA HA NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 60 17 protein protein NN cord-342291-imn7g084 60 18 with with IN cord-342291-imn7g084 60 19 a a DT cord-342291-imn7g084 60 20 dual dual JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 60 21 affinity affinity NN cord-342291-imn7g084 60 22 for for IN cord-342291-imn7g084 60 23 sialic sialic JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 60 24 acids acid NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 60 25 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 60 26 for for IN cord-342291-imn7g084 60 27 an an DT cord-342291-imn7g084 60 28 unknown unknown NN cord-342291-imn7g084 60 29 - - HYPH cord-342291-imn7g084 60 30 possibly possibly RB cord-342291-imn7g084 60 31 MHC MHC NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 60 32 - - HYPH cord-342291-imn7g084 60 33 II II NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 60 34 - - HYPH cord-342291-imn7g084 60 35 related relate VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 60 36 - - HYPH cord-342291-imn7g084 60 37 cellular cellular JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 60 38 surface surface NN cord-342291-imn7g084 60 39 protein protein NN cord-342291-imn7g084 60 40 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 60 41 allowing allow VBG cord-342291-imn7g084 60 42 infection infection NN cord-342291-imn7g084 60 43 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 60 44 both both DT cord-342291-imn7g084 60 45 birds bird NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 60 46 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 60 47 bats bat NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 60 48 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 61 1 Possibly possibly RB cord-342291-imn7g084 61 2 because because IN cord-342291-imn7g084 61 3 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 61 4 ecological ecological JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 61 5 separation separation NN cord-342291-imn7g084 61 6 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 61 7 this this DT cord-342291-imn7g084 61 8 ancestral ancestral JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 61 9 influenza influenza NN cord-342291-imn7g084 61 10 virus virus NN cord-342291-imn7g084 61 11 in in IN cord-342291-imn7g084 61 12 New New NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 61 13 World World NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 61 14 bats bat NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 61 15 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 61 16 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 61 17 evolution evolution NN cord-342291-imn7g084 61 18 in in IN cord-342291-imn7g084 61 19 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 61 20 new new JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 61 21 host host NN cord-342291-imn7g084 61 22 led lead VBD cord-342291-imn7g084 61 23 to to IN cord-342291-imn7g084 61 24 increased increase VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 61 25 affinity affinity NN cord-342291-imn7g084 61 26 for for IN cord-342291-imn7g084 61 27 MHC MHC NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 61 28 - - HYPH cord-342291-imn7g084 61 29 II II NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 61 30 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 62 1 Simultaneously simultaneously RB cord-342291-imn7g084 62 2 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 62 3 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 62 4 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 62 5 process process NN cord-342291-imn7g084 62 6 fostered foster VBD cord-342291-imn7g084 62 7 additional additional JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 62 8 species species NN cord-342291-imn7g084 62 9 - - HYPH cord-342291-imn7g084 62 10 specific specific JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 62 11 adaptations adaptation NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 62 12 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 63 1 These these DT cord-342291-imn7g084 63 2 comprise comprise VBP cord-342291-imn7g084 63 3 for for IN cord-342291-imn7g084 63 4 example example NN cord-342291-imn7g084 63 5 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 63 6 co co NN cord-342291-imn7g084 63 7 - - NN cord-342291-imn7g084 63 8 selection selection NN cord-342291-imn7g084 63 9 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 63 10 genome genome NN cord-342291-imn7g084 63 11 packaging packaging NN cord-342291-imn7g084 63 12 signals signal NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 63 13 in in IN cord-342291-imn7g084 63 14 conjunction conjunction NN cord-342291-imn7g084 63 15 with with IN cord-342291-imn7g084 63 16 a a DT cord-342291-imn7g084 63 17 specific specific JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 63 18 set set NN cord-342291-imn7g084 63 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 63 20 code code NN cord-342291-imn7g084 63 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 63 22 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 63 23 amino amino JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 63 24 acids acid NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 63 25 in in IN cord-342291-imn7g084 63 26 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 63 27 viral viral JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 63 28 nucleoprotein nucleoprotein NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 63 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 63 30 NP NP NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 63 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 64 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 64 2 19 19 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 64 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 64 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 64 5 20 20 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 64 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 64 7 [ [ -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 64 8 21 21 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 64 9 ] ] -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 64 10 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 65 1 Both both DT cord-342291-imn7g084 65 2 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 65 3 segmentspecific segmentspecific JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 65 4 packaging packaging NN cord-342291-imn7g084 65 5 signals signal NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 65 6 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 65 7 a a DT cord-342291-imn7g084 65 8 compatible compatible JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 65 9 NP NP NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 65 10 amino amino NN cord-342291-imn7g084 65 11 acid acid NN cord-342291-imn7g084 65 12 code code NN cord-342291-imn7g084 65 13 are be VBP cord-342291-imn7g084 65 14 compulsory compulsory JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 65 15 to to TO cord-342291-imn7g084 65 16 orchestrate orchestrate VB cord-342291-imn7g084 65 17 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 65 18 incorporation incorporation NN cord-342291-imn7g084 65 19 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 65 20 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 65 21 viral viral JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 65 22 genome genome NN cord-342291-imn7g084 65 23 into into IN cord-342291-imn7g084 65 24 progeny progeny JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 65 25 virions virion NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 65 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 65 27 22 22 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 65 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 65 29 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 66 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-342291-imn7g084 66 2 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 66 3 because because IN cord-342291-imn7g084 66 4 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 66 5 nonmatching nonmatche VBG cord-342291-imn7g084 66 6 packaging packaging NN cord-342291-imn7g084 66 7 sequences sequence NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 66 8 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 66 9 a a DT cord-342291-imn7g084 66 10 different different JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 66 11 NP NP NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 66 12 amino amino NN cord-342291-imn7g084 66 13 acid acid NN cord-342291-imn7g084 66 14 code code NN cord-342291-imn7g084 66 15 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 66 16 New New NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 66 17 World World NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 66 18 bat bat NN cord-342291-imn7g084 66 19 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 66 20 conventional conventional JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 66 21 non non JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 66 22 - - JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 66 23 bat bat JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 66 24 IAVs iav NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 66 25 are be VBP cord-342291-imn7g084 66 26 unable unable JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 66 27 to to TO cord-342291-imn7g084 66 28 reassort reassort VB cord-342291-imn7g084 66 29 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-342291-imn7g084 66 30 genomes genome NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 66 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 66 32 20 20 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 66 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 66 34 -an -an . cord-342291-imn7g084 67 1 additional additional JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 67 2 unique unique JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 67 3 feature feature NN cord-342291-imn7g084 67 4 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 67 5 New New NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 67 6 World World NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 67 7 bat bat NN cord-342291-imn7g084 67 8 IAVs iav NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 67 9 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 67 10 making make VBG cord-342291-imn7g084 67 11 them -PRON- PRP cord-342291-imn7g084 67 12 a a DT cord-342291-imn7g084 67 13 truly truly RB cord-342291-imn7g084 67 14 divergent divergent JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 67 15 entity entity NN cord-342291-imn7g084 67 16 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 67 17 IAVs iav NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 67 18 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 68 1 Conventional conventional JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 68 2 sialic sialic NN cord-342291-imn7g084 68 3 acid acid NN cord-342291-imn7g084 68 4 - - HYPH cord-342291-imn7g084 68 5 binding bind VBG cord-342291-imn7g084 68 6 HA HA NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 68 7 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 68 8 NA NA NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 68 9 proteins protein NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 68 10 are be VBP cord-342291-imn7g084 68 11 well well RB cord-342291-imn7g084 68 12 studied study VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 68 13 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 68 14 known know VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 68 15 to to TO cord-342291-imn7g084 68 16 evolve evolve VB cord-342291-imn7g084 68 17 rapidly rapidly RB cord-342291-imn7g084 68 18 in in IN cord-342291-imn7g084 68 19 face face NN cord-342291-imn7g084 68 20 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 68 21 a a DT cord-342291-imn7g084 68 22 rigorous rigorous JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 68 23 host host NN cord-342291-imn7g084 68 24 immune immune JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 68 25 response response NN cord-342291-imn7g084 68 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 68 27 1 1 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 68 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 68 29 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 69 1 The the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 69 2 surface surface NN cord-342291-imn7g084 69 3 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 69 4 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 69 5 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 69 6 New New NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 69 7 World World NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 69 8 bat bat NN cord-342291-imn7g084 69 9 IAVs iav NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 69 10 are be VBP cord-342291-imn7g084 69 11 still still RB cord-342291-imn7g084 69 12 poorly poorly RB cord-342291-imn7g084 69 13 understood understand VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 69 14 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 69 15 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-342291-imn7g084 69 16 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 69 17 potential potential NN cord-342291-imn7g084 69 18 is be VBZ cord-342291-imn7g084 69 19 presently presently RB cord-342291-imn7g084 69 20 unknown unknown JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 69 21 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 70 1 First first JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 70 2 studies study NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 70 3 show show VBP cord-342291-imn7g084 70 4 that that IN cord-342291-imn7g084 70 5 serial serial JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 70 6 passages passage NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 70 7 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 70 8 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 70 9 H18N11 H18N11 NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 70 10 subtype subtype NN cord-342291-imn7g084 70 11 in in IN cord-342291-imn7g084 70 12 non non JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 70 13 - - JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 70 14 bat bat JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 70 15 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 70 16 cells cell NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 70 17 resulted result VBD cord-342291-imn7g084 70 18 in in IN cord-342291-imn7g084 70 19 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 70 20 emergence emergence NN cord-342291-imn7g084 70 21 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 70 22 efficiently efficiently RB cord-342291-imn7g084 70 23 replicating replicate VBG cord-342291-imn7g084 70 24 mutant mutant JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 70 25 viruses virus NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 70 26 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 71 1 Surprisingly surprisingly RB cord-342291-imn7g084 71 2 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 71 3 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 71 4 selected select VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 71 5 mutants mutant NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 71 6 harbored harbor VBD cord-342291-imn7g084 71 7 a a DT cord-342291-imn7g084 71 8 truncated truncated JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 71 9 nonfunctional nonfunctional JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 71 10 N11 N11 NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 71 11 protein protein NN cord-342291-imn7g084 71 12 yet yet RB cord-342291-imn7g084 71 13 were be VBD cord-342291-imn7g084 71 14 able able JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 71 15 to to TO cord-342291-imn7g084 71 16 replicate replicate VB cord-342291-imn7g084 71 17 in in IN cord-342291-imn7g084 71 18 mice mouse NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 71 19 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 71 20 ferrets ferret NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 71 21 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 71 22 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 71 23 bats bat NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 71 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 71 25 15 15 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 71 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 71 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 71 28 Fig Fig NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 71 29 2C 2c NN cord-342291-imn7g084 71 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 71 31 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 72 1 Sequence sequence NN cord-342291-imn7g084 72 2 analysis analysis NN cord-342291-imn7g084 72 3 showed show VBD cord-342291-imn7g084 72 4 that that IN cord-342291-imn7g084 72 5 these these DT cord-342291-imn7g084 72 6 virus virus NN cord-342291-imn7g084 72 7 variants variant NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 72 8 had have VBD cord-342291-imn7g084 72 9 acquired acquire VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 72 10 at at IN cord-342291-imn7g084 72 11 least least JJS cord-342291-imn7g084 72 12 two two CD cord-342291-imn7g084 72 13 mutations mutation NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 72 14 in in IN cord-342291-imn7g084 72 15 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 72 16 H18 H18 NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 72 17 head head NN cord-342291-imn7g084 72 18 domain domain NN cord-342291-imn7g084 72 19 that that WDT cord-342291-imn7g084 72 20 appeared appear VBD cord-342291-imn7g084 72 21 to to TO cord-342291-imn7g084 72 22 compensate compensate VB cord-342291-imn7g084 72 23 for for IN cord-342291-imn7g084 72 24 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 72 25 loss loss NN cord-342291-imn7g084 72 26 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 72 27 a a DT cord-342291-imn7g084 72 28 functional functional JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 72 29 N11 N11 NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 72 30 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 73 1 Perhaps perhaps RB cord-342291-imn7g084 73 2 these these DT cord-342291-imn7g084 73 3 acquired acquire VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 73 4 mutations mutation NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 73 5 reduced reduce VBD cord-342291-imn7g084 73 6 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 73 7 binding bind VBG cord-342291-imn7g084 73 8 affinity affinity NN cord-342291-imn7g084 73 9 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 73 10 H18 H18 NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 73 11 to to IN cord-342291-imn7g084 73 12 MHC MHC NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 73 13 - - HYPH cord-342291-imn7g084 73 14 II II NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 73 15 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 73 16 supported support VBD cord-342291-imn7g084 73 17 N11-independet N11-independet NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 73 18 replication replication NN cord-342291-imn7g084 73 19 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 74 1 Virus virus NN cord-342291-imn7g084 74 2 release release NN cord-342291-imn7g084 74 3 may may MD cord-342291-imn7g084 74 4 have have VB cord-342291-imn7g084 74 5 been be VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 74 6 further further RB cord-342291-imn7g084 74 7 facilitated facilitate VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 74 8 by by IN cord-342291-imn7g084 74 9 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 74 10 fact fact NN cord-342291-imn7g084 74 11 that that IN cord-342291-imn7g084 74 12 New New NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 74 13 World World NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 74 14 bat bat NN cord-342291-imn7g084 75 1 IAV IAV NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 75 2 particles particle NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 75 3 bud bud NN cord-342291-imn7g084 75 4 at at IN cord-342291-imn7g084 75 5 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 75 6 apical apical JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 75 7 membrane membrane NN cord-342291-imn7g084 75 8 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 75 9 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 75 10 cells cell NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 75 11 [ [ -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 75 12 23 23 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 75 13 ] ] -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 75 14 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 75 15 where where WRB cord-342291-imn7g084 75 16 MHC MHC NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 75 17 - - HYPH cord-342291-imn7g084 75 18 II II NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 75 19 molecules molecule NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 75 20 are be VBP cord-342291-imn7g084 75 21 scarce scarce JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 75 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 75 23 24 24 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 75 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 75 25 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 76 1 Remarkably remarkably RB cord-342291-imn7g084 76 2 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 76 3 H17N10 H17N10 NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 76 4 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 76 5 H18N11 H18N11 NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 76 6 are be VBP cord-342291-imn7g084 76 7 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 76 8 first first JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 76 9 IAV IAV NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 76 10 subtypes subtype NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 76 11 that that WDT cord-342291-imn7g084 76 12 utilize utilize VBP cord-342291-imn7g084 76 13 a a DT cord-342291-imn7g084 76 14 proteinaceous proteinaceous JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 76 15 entry entry NN cord-342291-imn7g084 76 16 receptor receptor NN cord-342291-imn7g084 76 17 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 77 1 The the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 77 2 amazing amazing JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 77 3 ability ability NN cord-342291-imn7g084 77 4 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 77 5 H18 H18 NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 77 6 to to TO cord-342291-imn7g084 77 7 rapidly rapidly RB cord-342291-imn7g084 77 8 overcome overcome VB cord-342291-imn7g084 77 9 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 77 10 absence absence NN cord-342291-imn7g084 77 11 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 77 12 a a DT cord-342291-imn7g084 77 13 functional functional JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 77 14 N11 n11 NN cord-342291-imn7g084 78 1 suggests suggest VBZ cord-342291-imn7g084 78 2 that that IN cord-342291-imn7g084 78 3 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 78 4 structure structure NN cord-342291-imn7g084 78 5 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 78 6 H18 H18 NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 78 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 78 8 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 78 9 possibly possibly RB cord-342291-imn7g084 78 10 H17 H17 NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 78 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 78 12 may may MD cord-342291-imn7g084 78 13 provide provide VB cord-342291-imn7g084 78 14 a a DT cord-342291-imn7g084 78 15 broader broad JJR cord-342291-imn7g084 78 16 scope scope NN cord-342291-imn7g084 78 17 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 78 18 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 78 19 flexibility flexibility NN cord-342291-imn7g084 78 20 than than IN cord-342291-imn7g084 78 21 that that DT cord-342291-imn7g084 78 22 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 78 23 conventional conventional JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 78 24 sialic sialic JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 78 25 acid acid NN cord-342291-imn7g084 78 26 - - HYPH cord-342291-imn7g084 78 27 dependent dependent JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 78 28 IAVs iav NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 78 29 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 79 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-342291-imn7g084 79 2 is be VBZ cord-342291-imn7g084 79 3 therefore therefore RB cord-342291-imn7g084 79 4 tempting tempt VBG cord-342291-imn7g084 79 5 to to TO cord-342291-imn7g084 79 6 speculate speculate VB cord-342291-imn7g084 79 7 that that IN cord-342291-imn7g084 79 8 bat bat NN cord-342291-imn7g084 79 9 IAV IAV NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 79 10 HA HA NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 79 11 proteins protein NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 79 12 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 79 13 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 79 14 in in IN cord-342291-imn7g084 79 15 particular particular JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 79 16 H18 H18 NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 79 17 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 79 18 might may MD cord-342291-imn7g084 79 19 have have VB cord-342291-imn7g084 79 20 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 79 21 potential potential NN cord-342291-imn7g084 79 22 to to TO cord-342291-imn7g084 79 23 adapt adapt VB cord-342291-imn7g084 79 24 to to IN cord-342291-imn7g084 79 25 novel novel VB cord-342291-imn7g084 79 26 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 79 27 so so RB cord-342291-imn7g084 79 28 far far RB cord-342291-imn7g084 79 29 unknown unknown JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 79 30 entry entry NN cord-342291-imn7g084 79 31 receptors receptor NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 79 32 different different JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 79 33 from from IN cord-342291-imn7g084 79 34 MHC MHC NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 79 35 - - HYPH cord-342291-imn7g084 79 36 II II NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 79 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 79 38 Fig Fig NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 79 39 2D 2d NN cord-342291-imn7g084 79 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 79 41 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 80 1 Up up IN cord-342291-imn7g084 80 2 to to IN cord-342291-imn7g084 80 3 now now RB cord-342291-imn7g084 80 4 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 80 5 more more JJR cord-342291-imn7g084 80 6 than than IN cord-342291-imn7g084 80 7 200 200 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 80 8 different different JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 80 9 viruses virus NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 80 10 have have VBP cord-342291-imn7g084 80 11 been be VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 80 12 isolated isolate VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 80 13 from from IN cord-342291-imn7g084 80 14 or or CC cord-342291-imn7g084 80 15 detected detect VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 80 16 in in IN cord-342291-imn7g084 80 17 bats bat NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 80 18 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 81 1 Some some DT cord-342291-imn7g084 81 2 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 81 3 these these DT cord-342291-imn7g084 81 4 bat bat NN cord-342291-imn7g084 81 5 - - HYPH cord-342291-imn7g084 81 6 borne bear VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 81 7 viruses virus NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 81 8 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 81 9 such such JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 81 10 as as IN cord-342291-imn7g084 81 11 rabies rabie NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 81 12 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 81 13 Ebola Ebola NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 81 14 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 81 15 severe severe JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 81 16 acute acute JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 81 17 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 81 18 syndrome syndrome NN cord-342291-imn7g084 81 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 81 20 SARS SARS NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 81 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 81 22 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 81 23 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 81 24 Middle Middle NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 81 25 East East NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 81 26 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 81 27 syndrome syndrome NN cord-342291-imn7g084 81 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 81 29 MERS MERS NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 81 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 81 31 virus virus NN cord-342291-imn7g084 81 32 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 81 33 have have VBP cord-342291-imn7g084 81 34 caused cause VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 81 35 human human NN cord-342291-imn7g084 81 36 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 81 37 animal animal NN cord-342291-imn7g084 81 38 diseases disease NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 81 39 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 81 40 highlighting highlight VBG cord-342291-imn7g084 81 41 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-342291-imn7g084 81 42 zoonotic zoonotic JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 81 43 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 81 44 epizootic epizootic JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 81 45 threat threat NN cord-342291-imn7g084 81 46 [ [ -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 81 47 25 25 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 81 48 ] ] -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 81 49 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 82 1 The the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 82 2 risk risk NN cord-342291-imn7g084 82 3 for for IN cord-342291-imn7g084 82 4 zoonotic zoonotic JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 82 5 transmission transmission NN cord-342291-imn7g084 82 6 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 82 7 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 82 8 associated associated JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 82 9 pandemic pandemic NN cord-342291-imn7g084 82 10 potential potential NN cord-342291-imn7g084 82 11 that that WDT cord-342291-imn7g084 82 12 emanates emanate VBZ cord-342291-imn7g084 82 13 from from IN cord-342291-imn7g084 82 14 an an DT cord-342291-imn7g084 82 15 influenza influenza NN cord-342291-imn7g084 82 16 virus virus NN cord-342291-imn7g084 82 17 considerably considerably RB cord-342291-imn7g084 82 18 depends depend VBZ cord-342291-imn7g084 82 19 on on IN cord-342291-imn7g084 82 20 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-342291-imn7g084 82 21 degree degree NN cord-342291-imn7g084 82 22 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 82 23 human human JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 82 24 preadaptation preadaptation NN cord-342291-imn7g084 82 25 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 82 26 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 82 27 ability ability NN cord-342291-imn7g084 82 28 to to TO cord-342291-imn7g084 82 29 overcome overcome VB cord-342291-imn7g084 82 30 host host NN cord-342291-imn7g084 82 31 restrictions restriction NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 82 32 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 83 1 Whereas whereas IN cord-342291-imn7g084 83 2 avian avian JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 83 3 IAVs iav NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 83 4 carry carry VBP cord-342291-imn7g084 83 5 gene gene NN cord-342291-imn7g084 83 6 segments segment NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 83 7 with with IN cord-342291-imn7g084 83 8 species species NN cord-342291-imn7g084 83 9 - - HYPH cord-342291-imn7g084 83 10 specific specific JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 83 11 determinants determinant NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 83 12 that that WDT cord-342291-imn7g084 83 13 allow allow VBP cord-342291-imn7g084 83 14 efficient efficient JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 83 15 replication replication NN cord-342291-imn7g084 83 16 in in IN cord-342291-imn7g084 83 17 avian avian NN cord-342291-imn7g084 83 18 but but CC cord-342291-imn7g084 83 19 not not RB cord-342291-imn7g084 83 20 necessarily necessarily RB cord-342291-imn7g084 83 21 human human JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 83 22 cells cell NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 83 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 83 24 18 18 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 83 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 83 26 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 83 27 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 83 28 New New NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 83 29 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 83 30 Old Old NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 83 31 World World NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 83 32 bat bat NN cord-342291-imn7g084 83 33 IAVs iav NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 83 34 appear appear VBP cord-342291-imn7g084 83 35 to to TO cord-342291-imn7g084 83 36 possess possess VB cord-342291-imn7g084 83 37 a a DT cord-342291-imn7g084 83 38 human human JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 83 39 - - HYPH cord-342291-imn7g084 83 40 compatible compatible JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 83 41 gene gene NN cord-342291-imn7g084 83 42 signature signature NN cord-342291-imn7g084 83 43 due due IN cord-342291-imn7g084 83 44 to to IN cord-342291-imn7g084 83 45 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-342291-imn7g084 83 46 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 83 47 origin origin NN cord-342291-imn7g084 83 48 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 84 1 Indeed indeed RB cord-342291-imn7g084 84 2 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 84 3 upon upon IN cord-342291-imn7g084 84 4 serial serial JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 84 5 passaging passaging NN cord-342291-imn7g084 84 6 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 84 7 chimeric chimeric JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 84 8 New New NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 84 9 World World NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 84 10 bat bat NN cord-342291-imn7g084 84 11 IAVs iav NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 84 12 in in IN cord-342291-imn7g084 84 13 eggs egg NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 84 14 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 84 15 avian avian JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 84 16 cells cell NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 84 17 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 84 18 these these DT cord-342291-imn7g084 84 19 viruses virus NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 84 20 readily readily RB cord-342291-imn7g084 84 21 acquired acquire VBD cord-342291-imn7g084 84 22 mutations mutation NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 84 23 in in IN cord-342291-imn7g084 84 24 several several JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 84 25 genes gene NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 84 26 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 85 1 In in IN cord-342291-imn7g084 85 2 sharp sharp JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 85 3 contrast contrast NN cord-342291-imn7g084 85 4 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 85 5 no no DT cord-342291-imn7g084 85 6 such such JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 85 7 mutations mutation NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 85 8 occurred occur VBD cord-342291-imn7g084 85 9 in in IN cord-342291-imn7g084 85 10 primary primary JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 85 11 human human JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 85 12 airway airway NN cord-342291-imn7g084 85 13 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 85 14 cell cell NN cord-342291-imn7g084 85 15 cultures culture NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 85 16 [ [ -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 85 17 20 20 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 85 18 ] ] -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 85 19 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 85 20 indicating indicate VBG cord-342291-imn7g084 85 21 that that IN cord-342291-imn7g084 85 22 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 85 23 internal internal JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 85 24 viral viral JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 85 25 proteins protein NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 85 26 are be VBP cord-342291-imn7g084 85 27 well well RB cord-342291-imn7g084 85 28 suited suited JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 85 29 for for IN cord-342291-imn7g084 85 30 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 85 31 replication replication NN cord-342291-imn7g084 85 32 in in IN cord-342291-imn7g084 85 33 human human JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 85 34 cells cell NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 85 35 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 86 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-342291-imn7g084 86 2 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 86 3 New New NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 86 4 World World NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 86 5 bat bat NN cord-342291-imn7g084 86 6 IAVs iav NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 86 7 might may MD cord-342291-imn7g084 86 8 well well RB cord-342291-imn7g084 86 9 have have VB cord-342291-imn7g084 86 10 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 86 11 potential potential NN cord-342291-imn7g084 86 12 to to TO cord-342291-imn7g084 86 13 infect infect VB cord-342291-imn7g084 86 14 humans human NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 86 15 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 86 16 because because IN cord-342291-imn7g084 86 17 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-342291-imn7g084 86 18 HAs have VBZ cord-342291-imn7g084 86 19 can can MD cord-342291-imn7g084 86 20 utilize utilize VB cord-342291-imn7g084 86 21 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 86 22 human human JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 86 23 MHC MHC NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 86 24 - - HYPH cord-342291-imn7g084 86 25 II II NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 86 26 homolog homolog NN cord-342291-imn7g084 86 27 human human JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 86 28 leukocyte leukocyte NN cord-342291-imn7g084 86 29 antigen antigen NN cord-342291-imn7g084 86 30 - - HYPH cord-342291-imn7g084 86 31 DR DR NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 86 32 isotype isotype NN cord-342291-imn7g084 86 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 86 34 HLA HLA NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 86 35 - - HYPH cord-342291-imn7g084 86 36 DR DR NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 86 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 86 38 for for IN cord-342291-imn7g084 86 39 cell cell NN cord-342291-imn7g084 86 40 entry entry NN cord-342291-imn7g084 86 41 [ [ -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 86 42 8 8 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 86 43 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 86 44 9 9 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 86 45 ] ] -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 86 46 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 87 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB cord-342291-imn7g084 87 2 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 87 3 H18N11 h18n11 NN cord-342291-imn7g084 87 4 viruses virus NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 87 5 did do VBD cord-342291-imn7g084 87 6 not not RB cord-342291-imn7g084 87 7 induce induce VB cord-342291-imn7g084 87 8 any any DT cord-342291-imn7g084 87 9 pathogenicity pathogenicity NN cord-342291-imn7g084 87 10 in in RP cord-342291-imn7g084 87 11 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 87 12 were be VBD cord-342291-imn7g084 87 13 not not RB cord-342291-imn7g084 87 14 transmissible transmissible JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 87 15 among among IN cord-342291-imn7g084 87 16 ferrets ferret NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 87 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 87 18 15 15 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 87 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 87 20 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 87 21 which which WDT cord-342291-imn7g084 87 22 are be VBP cord-342291-imn7g084 87 23 considered consider VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 87 24 to to TO cord-342291-imn7g084 87 25 be be VB cord-342291-imn7g084 87 26 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 87 27 best good JJS cord-342291-imn7g084 87 28 animal animal NN cord-342291-imn7g084 87 29 model model NN cord-342291-imn7g084 87 30 for for IN cord-342291-imn7g084 87 31 human human JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 87 32 influenza influenza NN cord-342291-imn7g084 87 33 [ [ -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 87 34 26 26 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 87 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 87 36 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 88 1 Aside aside RB cord-342291-imn7g084 88 2 from from IN cord-342291-imn7g084 88 3 this this DT cord-342291-imn7g084 88 4 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 88 5 H18N11 H18N11 NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 88 6 is be VBZ cord-342291-imn7g084 88 7 also also RB cord-342291-imn7g084 88 8 not not RB cord-342291-imn7g084 88 9 able able JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 88 10 to to TO cord-342291-imn7g084 88 11 overcome overcome VB cord-342291-imn7g084 88 12 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 88 13 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 88 14 restriction restriction NN cord-342291-imn7g084 88 15 imposed impose VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 88 16 by by IN cord-342291-imn7g084 88 17 major major JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 88 18 host host NN cord-342291-imn7g084 88 19 defense defense NN cord-342291-imn7g084 88 20 factors factor NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 88 21 such such JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 88 22 as as IN cord-342291-imn7g084 88 23 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 88 24 human human JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 88 25 type type NN cord-342291-imn7g084 88 26 I -PRON- PRP cord-342291-imn7g084 88 27 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 88 28 III III NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 88 29 interferon interferon NN cord-342291-imn7g084 88 30 - - HYPH cord-342291-imn7g084 88 31 induced induce VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 88 32 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 88 33 factor factor NN cord-342291-imn7g084 88 34 MX MX NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 88 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 88 36 in in IN cord-342291-imn7g084 88 37 humans human NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 88 38 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 88 39 MxA MxA NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 88 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 88 41 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 88 42 because because IN cord-342291-imn7g084 88 43 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 88 44 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 88 45 lack lack NN cord-342291-imn7g084 88 46 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 88 47 MxA mxa NN cord-342291-imn7g084 88 48 escape escape NN cord-342291-imn7g084 88 49 mutations mutation NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 88 50 in in IN cord-342291-imn7g084 88 51 NP NP NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 88 52 [ [ -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 88 53 27 27 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 88 54 ] ] -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 88 55 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 89 1 As as IN cord-342291-imn7g084 89 2 to to TO cord-342291-imn7g084 89 3 bat bat VB cord-342291-imn7g084 89 4 H9N2 H9N2 NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 89 5 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 89 6 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 89 7 usage usage NN cord-342291-imn7g084 89 8 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 89 9 α2,3instead α2,3instead DT cord-342291-imn7g084 89 10 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 89 11 α2,6-sialic α2,6-sialic CD cord-342291-imn7g084 89 12 acid acid NN cord-342291-imn7g084 89 13 residues residue NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 89 14 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 89 15 together together RB cord-342291-imn7g084 89 16 with with IN cord-342291-imn7g084 89 17 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 89 18 lack lack NN cord-342291-imn7g084 89 19 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 89 20 obvious obvious JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 89 21 MxA mxa NN cord-342291-imn7g084 89 22 resistance resistance NN cord-342291-imn7g084 89 23 mutations mutation NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 89 24 in in IN cord-342291-imn7g084 89 25 NP NP NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 89 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 89 27 5 5 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 89 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 89 29 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 89 30 suggests suggest VBZ cord-342291-imn7g084 89 31 that that IN cord-342291-imn7g084 89 32 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 89 33 Old Old NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 89 34 World World NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 89 35 bat bat NN cord-342291-imn7g084 89 36 virus virus NN cord-342291-imn7g084 89 37 possesses possess VBZ cord-342291-imn7g084 89 38 a a DT cord-342291-imn7g084 89 39 low low JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 89 40 degree degree NN cord-342291-imn7g084 89 41 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 89 42 human human JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 89 43 preadaptation preadaptation NN cord-342291-imn7g084 89 44 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 90 1 Thus thus RB cord-342291-imn7g084 90 2 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 90 3 based base VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 90 4 on on IN cord-342291-imn7g084 90 5 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 90 6 currently currently RB cord-342291-imn7g084 90 7 available available JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 90 8 data datum NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 90 9 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 90 10 there there EX cord-342291-imn7g084 90 11 is be VBZ cord-342291-imn7g084 90 12 a a DT cord-342291-imn7g084 90 13 clear clear JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 90 14 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 90 15 albeit albeit RB cord-342291-imn7g084 90 16 low low JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 90 17 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 90 18 risk risk NN cord-342291-imn7g084 90 19 for for IN cord-342291-imn7g084 90 20 zoonotic zoonotic JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 90 21 spillover spillover NN cord-342291-imn7g084 90 22 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 90 23 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 90 24 different different JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 90 25 bat bat NN cord-342291-imn7g084 90 26 IAVs iav NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 90 27 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 91 1 In in IN cord-342291-imn7g084 91 2 view view NN cord-342291-imn7g084 91 3 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 91 4 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-342291-imn7g084 91 5 human human NN cord-342291-imn7g084 91 6 - - HYPH cord-342291-imn7g084 91 7 adapted adapt VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 91 8 internal internal JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 91 9 gene gene NN cord-342291-imn7g084 91 10 segments segment NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 91 11 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 91 12 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 91 13 ability ability NN cord-342291-imn7g084 91 14 to to TO cord-342291-imn7g084 91 15 rapidly rapidly RB cord-342291-imn7g084 91 16 acquire acquire VB cord-342291-imn7g084 91 17 new new JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 91 18 mutations mutation NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 91 19 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 91 20 future future JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 91 21 transmissions transmission NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 91 22 to to IN cord-342291-imn7g084 91 23 humans human NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 91 24 can can MD cord-342291-imn7g084 91 25 not not RB cord-342291-imn7g084 91 26 be be VB cord-342291-imn7g084 91 27 excluded exclude VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 91 28 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 91 29 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 91 30 proper proper JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 91 31 surveillance surveillance NN cord-342291-imn7g084 91 32 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 91 33 bat bat NN cord-342291-imn7g084 91 34 IAV IAV NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 91 35 distribution distribution NN cord-342291-imn7g084 91 36 is be VBZ cord-342291-imn7g084 91 37 indicated indicate VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 91 38 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 92 1 The the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 92 2 presented present VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 92 3 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 92 4 network network NN cord-342291-imn7g084 92 5 is be VBZ cord-342291-imn7g084 92 6 based base VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 92 7 on on IN cord-342291-imn7g084 92 8 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 92 9 segments segment NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 92 10 PB2 PB2 NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 92 11 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 92 12 PB1 PB1 NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 92 13 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 92 14 PA PA NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 92 15 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 92 16 NP NP NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 92 17 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 92 18 M M NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 92 19 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 92 20 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 92 21 NS NS NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 92 22 from from IN cord-342291-imn7g084 92 23 110 110 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 92 24 representative representative NN cord-342291-imn7g084 92 25 IAVs iav NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 92 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 92 27 highlighted highlight VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 92 28 in in IN cord-342291-imn7g084 92 29 green green JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 92 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 92 31 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 92 32 six six CD cord-342291-imn7g084 92 33 influenza influenza NN cord-342291-imn7g084 92 34 B b NN cord-342291-imn7g084 92 35 viruses virus NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 92 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 92 37 highlighted highlight VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 92 38 in in IN cord-342291-imn7g084 92 39 yellow yellow NN cord-342291-imn7g084 92 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 92 41 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 93 1 A a DT cord-342291-imn7g084 93 2 more more RBR cord-342291-imn7g084 93 3 detailed detailed JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 93 4 close close JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 93 5 - - HYPH cord-342291-imn7g084 93 6 up up RP cord-342291-imn7g084 93 7 zoom zoom NN cord-342291-imn7g084 93 8 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 93 9 IAVs iav NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 93 10 is be VBZ cord-342291-imn7g084 93 11 presented present VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 93 12 in in IN cord-342291-imn7g084 93 13 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 93 14 main main JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 93 15 text text NN cord-342291-imn7g084 93 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 93 17 Fig Fig NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 93 18 1A 1a NN cord-342291-imn7g084 93 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 93 20 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 93 21 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 93 22 methods method NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 93 23 are be VBP cord-342291-imn7g084 93 24 described describe VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 93 25 in in IN cord-342291-imn7g084 93 26 detail detail NN cord-342291-imn7g084 93 27 in in IN cord-342291-imn7g084 93 28 S1 S1 NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 93 29 Technical Technical NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 93 30 Appendix Appendix NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 93 31 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 94 1 IAV IAV NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 94 2 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 94 3 influenza influenza NN cord-342291-imn7g084 94 4 A a DT cord-342291-imn7g084 94 5 virus virus NN cord-342291-imn7g084 94 6 ; ; : cord-342291-imn7g084 94 7 NP NP NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 94 8 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 94 9 nucleoprotein nucleoprotein NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 94 10 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 95 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 95 2 TIFF TIFF NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 95 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 95 4 S1 S1 NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 95 5 Technical Technical NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 95 6 Appendix Appendix NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 95 7 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 96 1 Technical technical JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 96 2 information information NN cord-342291-imn7g084 96 3 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 96 4 methods method NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 96 5 used use VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 96 6 for for IN cord-342291-imn7g084 96 7 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 96 8 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 96 9 analysis analysis NN cord-342291-imn7g084 96 10 . . . cord-342291-imn7g084 97 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 97 2 DOCX DOCX NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 97 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 98 1 Evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 98 2 processes process NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 98 3 in in IN cord-342291-imn7g084 98 4 influenza influenza NN cord-342291-imn7g084 98 5 viruses virus NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 98 6 : : : cord-342291-imn7g084 98 7 divergence divergence NN cord-342291-imn7g084 98 8 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 98 9 rapid rapid JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 98 10 evolution evolution NN cord-342291-imn7g084 98 11 , , , cord-342291-imn7g084 98 12 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 98 13 stasis stasis NN cord-342291-imn7g084 98 14 A a DT cord-342291-imn7g084 98 15 distinct distinct JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 98 16 lineage lineage NN cord-342291-imn7g084 98 17 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 98 18 influenza influenza NN cord-342291-imn7g084 98 19 A a DT cord-342291-imn7g084 98 20 virus virus NN cord-342291-imn7g084 98 21 from from IN cord-342291-imn7g084 98 22 bats bat NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 99 1 New new JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 99 2 world world NN cord-342291-imn7g084 99 3 bats bat NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 99 4 harbor harbor VBP cord-342291-imn7g084 99 5 diverse diverse JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 99 6 influenza influenza NN cord-342291-imn7g084 99 7 A a DT cord-342291-imn7g084 99 8 viruses virus NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 100 1 Bat Bat NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 100 2 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 100 3 A A NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 100 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 100 5 HL18NL11 HL18NL11 NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 100 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-342291-imn7g084 100 7 Virus Virus NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 100 8 in in IN cord-342291-imn7g084 100 9 Fruit Fruit NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 100 10 Bats Bats NNPS cord-342291-imn7g084 100 11 Isolation Isolation NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 100 12 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 100 13 Characterization characterization NN cord-342291-imn7g084 100 14 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 100 15 a a DT cord-342291-imn7g084 100 16 Distinct Distinct NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 100 17 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 100 18 A A NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 100 19 Virus virus NN cord-342291-imn7g084 100 20 from from IN cord-342291-imn7g084 100 21 Egyptian egyptian JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 100 22 Bats bat NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 101 1 Bat bat NN cord-342291-imn7g084 101 2 - - HYPH cord-342291-imn7g084 101 3 derived derive VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 101 4 influenza influenza NN cord-342291-imn7g084 101 5 hemagglutinin hemagglutinin NN cord-342291-imn7g084 101 6 H17 H17 NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 101 7 does do VBZ cord-342291-imn7g084 101 8 not not RB cord-342291-imn7g084 101 9 bind bind VB cord-342291-imn7g084 101 10 canonical canonical JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 101 11 avian avian JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 101 12 or or CC cord-342291-imn7g084 101 13 human human JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 101 14 receptors receptor NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 101 15 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 101 16 most most RBS cord-342291-imn7g084 101 17 likely likely RB cord-342291-imn7g084 101 18 uses use VBZ cord-342291-imn7g084 101 19 a a DT cord-342291-imn7g084 101 20 unique unique JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 101 21 entry entry NN cord-342291-imn7g084 101 22 mechanism mechanism NN cord-342291-imn7g084 101 23 Hemagglutinin Hemagglutinin NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 101 24 homologue homologue NN cord-342291-imn7g084 101 25 from from IN cord-342291-imn7g084 101 26 H17N10 H17N10 NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 101 27 bat bat NN cord-342291-imn7g084 101 28 influenza influenza NN cord-342291-imn7g084 101 29 virus virus NN cord-342291-imn7g084 101 30 exhibits exhibit VBZ cord-342291-imn7g084 101 31 divergent divergent JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 101 32 receptor receptor NN cord-342291-imn7g084 101 33 - - HYPH cord-342291-imn7g084 101 34 binding binding NN cord-342291-imn7g084 101 35 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 101 36 pH ph JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 101 37 - - HYPH cord-342291-imn7g084 101 38 dependent dependent JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 101 39 fusion fusion NN cord-342291-imn7g084 101 40 activities activity NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 101 41 Entry Entry NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 101 42 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 101 43 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 101 44 bat bat NN cord-342291-imn7g084 101 45 influenza influenza NN cord-342291-imn7g084 101 46 H17N10 H17N10 NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 101 47 virus virus NN cord-342291-imn7g084 101 48 into into IN cord-342291-imn7g084 101 49 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 101 50 cells cell NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 101 51 is be VBZ cord-342291-imn7g084 101 52 enabled enable VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 101 53 by by IN cord-342291-imn7g084 101 54 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 101 55 MHC MHC NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 101 56 class class NN cord-342291-imn7g084 101 57 II II NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 101 58 HLA HLA NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 101 59 - - HYPH cord-342291-imn7g084 101 60 DR DR NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 101 61 receptor receptor NN cord-342291-imn7g084 101 62 MHC MHC NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 101 63 class class NN cord-342291-imn7g084 101 64 II II NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 101 65 proteins protein NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 101 66 mediate mediate VBP cord-342291-imn7g084 101 67 cross cross NN cord-342291-imn7g084 101 68 - - JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 101 69 species species JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 101 70 entry entry NN cord-342291-imn7g084 101 71 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 101 72 bat bat NN cord-342291-imn7g084 101 73 influenza influenza NN cord-342291-imn7g084 101 74 viruses viruse VBZ cord-342291-imn7g084 101 75 Receptor Receptor NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 101 76 for for IN cord-342291-imn7g084 101 77 bat bat NN cord-342291-imn7g084 102 1 influenza influenza NN cord-342291-imn7g084 102 2 virus virus NN cord-342291-imn7g084 102 3 uncovers uncover VBZ cord-342291-imn7g084 102 4 potential potential JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 102 5 risk risk NN cord-342291-imn7g084 102 6 to to IN cord-342291-imn7g084 102 7 humans human NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 102 8 The the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 102 9 ins in NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 102 10 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 102 11 outs out NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 102 12 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 102 13 MHC MHC NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 102 14 class class NN cord-342291-imn7g084 102 15 II II NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 102 16 - - HYPH cord-342291-imn7g084 102 17 mediated mediate VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 102 18 antigen antigen NN cord-342291-imn7g084 102 19 processing processing NN cord-342291-imn7g084 102 20 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 102 21 presentation presentation NN cord-342291-imn7g084 102 22 Epithelial epithelial NN cord-342291-imn7g084 102 23 MHC MHC NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 102 24 Class Class NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 102 25 II II NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 102 26 Expression expression NN cord-342291-imn7g084 102 27 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 102 28 Its -PRON- PRP$ cord-342291-imn7g084 102 29 Role role NN cord-342291-imn7g084 102 30 in in IN cord-342291-imn7g084 102 31 Antigen Antigen NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 102 32 Presentation Presentation NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 102 33 in in IN cord-342291-imn7g084 102 34 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 102 35 Gastrointestinal gastrointestinal JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 102 36 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 102 37 Respiratory Respiratory NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 102 38 Tracts tract NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 102 39 Structural structural JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 102 40 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 102 41 functional functional JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 102 42 characterization characterization NN cord-342291-imn7g084 102 43 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 102 44 neuraminidase neuraminidase NN cord-342291-imn7g084 102 45 - - HYPH cord-342291-imn7g084 102 46 like like JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 102 47 molecule molecule NN cord-342291-imn7g084 102 48 N10 N10 NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 102 49 derived derive VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 102 50 from from IN cord-342291-imn7g084 102 51 bat bat NN cord-342291-imn7g084 102 52 influenza influenza NN cord-342291-imn7g084 102 53 A a DT cord-342291-imn7g084 102 54 virus virus NN cord-342291-imn7g084 102 55 Crystal Crystal NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 102 56 structures structure NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 102 57 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 102 58 two two CD cord-342291-imn7g084 102 59 subtype subtype NN cord-342291-imn7g084 103 1 N10 N10 NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 103 2 neuraminidase neuraminidase NN cord-342291-imn7g084 103 3 - - HYPH cord-342291-imn7g084 103 4 like like JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 103 5 proteins protein NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 103 6 from from IN cord-342291-imn7g084 103 7 bat bat NN cord-342291-imn7g084 103 8 influenza influenza NN cord-342291-imn7g084 103 9 A a DT cord-342291-imn7g084 103 10 viruses virus NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 103 11 reveal reveal VBP cord-342291-imn7g084 103 12 a a DT cord-342291-imn7g084 103 13 diverged diverged JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 103 14 putative putative JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 103 15 active active JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 103 16 site site NN cord-342291-imn7g084 103 17 Bat Bat NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 103 18 influenza influenza NN cord-342291-imn7g084 103 19 viruses virus NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 103 20 transmit transmit VBP cord-342291-imn7g084 103 21 among among IN cord-342291-imn7g084 103 22 bats bat NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 103 23 but but CC cord-342291-imn7g084 103 24 are be VBP cord-342291-imn7g084 103 25 poorly poorly RB cord-342291-imn7g084 103 26 adapted adapt VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 103 27 to to IN cord-342291-imn7g084 103 28 non non JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 103 29 - - JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 103 30 bat bat JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 103 31 species specie NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 103 32 Getting get VBG cord-342291-imn7g084 103 33 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 103 34 flu flu NN cord-342291-imn7g084 103 35 : : : cord-342291-imn7g084 103 36 5 5 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 103 37 key key JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 103 38 facts fact NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 103 39 about about IN cord-342291-imn7g084 103 40 influenza influenza NN cord-342291-imn7g084 103 41 virus virus NN cord-342291-imn7g084 103 42 evolution evolution NN cord-342291-imn7g084 103 43 Origins origin NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 103 44 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 103 45 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 103 46 genomics genomic NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 103 47 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 103 48 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 103 49 2009 2009 CD cord-342291-imn7g084 103 50 swine swine NN cord-342291-imn7g084 103 51 - - HYPH cord-342291-imn7g084 103 52 origin origin NN cord-342291-imn7g084 103 53 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 103 54 influenza influenza NN cord-342291-imn7g084 103 55 A a DT cord-342291-imn7g084 103 56 epidemic epidemic NN cord-342291-imn7g084 103 57 Host host NN cord-342291-imn7g084 103 58 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 103 59 viral viral JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 103 60 determinants determinant NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 103 61 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 103 62 influenza influenza NN cord-342291-imn7g084 103 63 A a DT cord-342291-imn7g084 103 64 virus virus NN cord-342291-imn7g084 103 65 species specie VBZ cord-342291-imn7g084 103 66 specificity specificity NN cord-342291-imn7g084 104 1 A a DT cord-342291-imn7g084 104 2 conserved conserved JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 104 3 influenza influenza NN cord-342291-imn7g084 104 4 A a DT cord-342291-imn7g084 104 5 virus virus NN cord-342291-imn7g084 104 6 nucleoprotein nucleoprotein NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 104 7 code code NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 104 8 controls control VBZ cord-342291-imn7g084 104 9 specific specific JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 104 10 viral viral JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 104 11 genome genome NN cord-342291-imn7g084 104 12 packaging packaging NN cord-342291-imn7g084 104 13 An an DT cord-342291-imn7g084 104 14 infectious infectious JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 104 15 batderived batderived JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 104 16 chimeric chimeric JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 104 17 influenza influenza NN cord-342291-imn7g084 104 18 virus virus NN cord-342291-imn7g084 104 19 harbouring harbour VBG cord-342291-imn7g084 104 20 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 104 21 entry entry NN cord-342291-imn7g084 104 22 machinery machinery NN cord-342291-imn7g084 104 23 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 104 24 an an DT cord-342291-imn7g084 104 25 influenza influenza NN cord-342291-imn7g084 104 26 A a DT cord-342291-imn7g084 104 27 virus virus NN cord-342291-imn7g084 105 1 The the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 105 2 structure structure NN cord-342291-imn7g084 105 3 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 105 4 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 105 5 influenza influenza NN cord-342291-imn7g084 105 6 A a DT cord-342291-imn7g084 105 7 virus virus NN cord-342291-imn7g084 105 8 genome genome NN cord-342291-imn7g084 105 9 Packaging packaging NN cord-342291-imn7g084 105 10 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 105 11 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 105 12 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 105 13 Virus Virus NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 105 14 Genome Genome NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 105 15 Is be VBZ cord-342291-imn7g084 105 16 Governed govern VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 105 17 by by IN cord-342291-imn7g084 105 18 a a DT cord-342291-imn7g084 105 19 Plastic Plastic NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 105 20 Network Network NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 105 21 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 105 22 RNA RNA NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 105 23 - - : cord-342291-imn7g084 105 24 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 105 25 Nucleoprotein Nucleoprotein NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 105 26 - - HYPH cord-342291-imn7g084 105 27 Mediated mediate VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 105 28 Interactions Interactions NNPS cord-342291-imn7g084 105 29 Highly highly RB cord-342291-imn7g084 105 30 polarized polarize VBD cord-342291-imn7g084 105 31 HLA HLA NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 105 32 class class NN cord-342291-imn7g084 105 33 II II NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 105 34 antigen antigen NN cord-342291-imn7g084 105 35 processing processing NN cord-342291-imn7g084 105 36 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 105 37 presentation presentation NN cord-342291-imn7g084 105 38 by by IN cord-342291-imn7g084 105 39 human human JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 105 40 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 105 41 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 105 42 cells cell NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 106 1 Synthetically synthetically RB cord-342291-imn7g084 106 2 derived derive VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 106 3 bat bat NN cord-342291-imn7g084 106 4 influenza influenza NN cord-342291-imn7g084 106 5 A a NN cord-342291-imn7g084 106 6 - - HYPH cord-342291-imn7g084 106 7 like like JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 106 8 viruses virus NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 106 9 reveal reveal VBP cord-342291-imn7g084 106 10 a a DT cord-342291-imn7g084 106 11 cell cell NN cord-342291-imn7g084 106 12 type type NN cord-342291-imn7g084 106 13 - - : cord-342291-imn7g084 106 14 but but CC cord-342291-imn7g084 106 15 not not RB cord-342291-imn7g084 106 16 species species NN cord-342291-imn7g084 106 17 - - HYPH cord-342291-imn7g084 106 18 specific specific JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 106 19 tropism tropism NN cord-342291-imn7g084 106 20 Bats bat NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 106 21 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 106 22 Viruses virus NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 106 23 : : : cord-342291-imn7g084 106 24 Current Current NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 106 25 Research Research NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 106 26 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 106 27 Future Future NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 106 28 Trends Trends NNPS cord-342291-imn7g084 107 1 The the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 107 2 ferret ferret NN cord-342291-imn7g084 107 3 : : : cord-342291-imn7g084 107 4 an an DT cord-342291-imn7g084 107 5 animal animal NN cord-342291-imn7g084 107 6 model model NN cord-342291-imn7g084 107 7 to to TO cord-342291-imn7g084 107 8 study study VB cord-342291-imn7g084 107 9 influenza influenza NN cord-342291-imn7g084 107 10 virus virus NN cord-342291-imn7g084 107 11 Human human JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 107 12 MxA mxa NN cord-342291-imn7g084 107 13 is be VBZ cord-342291-imn7g084 107 14 a a DT cord-342291-imn7g084 107 15 potent potent JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 107 16 interspecies interspecie NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 107 17 barrier barrier NN cord-342291-imn7g084 107 18 for for IN cord-342291-imn7g084 107 19 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 107 20 novel novel JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 107 21 bat bat NN cord-342291-imn7g084 107 22 - - HYPH cord-342291-imn7g084 107 23 derived derive VBN cord-342291-imn7g084 107 24 influenza influenza NN cord-342291-imn7g084 107 25 A a NN cord-342291-imn7g084 107 26 - - HYPH cord-342291-imn7g084 107 27 like like JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 107 28 virus virus NN cord-342291-imn7g084 107 29 H18N11 H18N11 NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 107 30 Application Application NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 107 31 of of IN cord-342291-imn7g084 107 32 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 107 33 networks network NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 107 34 in in IN cord-342291-imn7g084 107 35 evolutionary evolutionary JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 107 36 studies study NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 108 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-342291-imn7g084 108 2 thank thank VBP cord-342291-imn7g084 108 3 Otto Otto NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 108 4 Haller Haller NNP cord-342291-imn7g084 108 5 for for IN cord-342291-imn7g084 108 6 critically critically RB cord-342291-imn7g084 108 7 reading read VBG cord-342291-imn7g084 108 8 the the DT cord-342291-imn7g084 108 9 manuscript manuscript NN cord-342291-imn7g084 108 10 and and CC cord-342291-imn7g084 108 11 for for IN cord-342291-imn7g084 108 12 constructive constructive JJ cord-342291-imn7g084 108 13 comments comment NNS cord-342291-imn7g084 108 14 . . .