Summary of your 'study carrel' ============================== This is a summary of your Distant Reader 'study carrel'. The Distant Reader harvested & cached your content into a collection/corpus. It then applied sets of natural language processing and text mining against the collection. The results of this process was reduced to a database file -- a 'study carrel'. The study carrel can then be queried, thus bringing light specific characteristics for your collection. These characteristics can help you summarize the collection as well as enumerate things you might want to investigate more closely. This report is a terse narrative report, and when processing is complete you will be linked to a more complete narrative report. Eric Lease Morgan Number of items in the collection; 'How big is my corpus?' ---------------------------------------------------------- 86 Average length of all items measured in words; "More or less, how big is each item?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3817 Average readability score of all items (0 = difficult; 100 = easy) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 53 Top 50 statistically significant keywords; "What is my collection about?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 24 SARS 14 covid-19 14 COVID-19 7 China 6 RNA 6 CoV-2 4 water 4 virus 4 Wuhan 4 India 3 waste 3 PCR 2 temperature 2 particle 2 TROPOMI 2 PPE 2 New 2 Mediterranean 2 Italy 2 Beijing 2 Africa 1 ΔILI 1 wildfire 1 wastewater 1 vulnerability 1 transmission 1 surface 1 stormwater 1 size 1 simulation 1 sediment 1 saharan 1 population 1 pesticide 1 people 1 peg 1 pathogen 1 ozone 1 nanofiber 1 model 1 method 1 membrane 1 lockdown 1 like 1 lid 1 impact 1 humidity 1 human 1 holiday 1 heat Top 50 lemmatized nouns; "What is discussed?" --------------------------------------------- 1270 r 1262 o 1128 virus 1075 % 1031 study 898 air 857 water 831 temperature 796 concentration 787 case 672 p 617 transmission 592 health 591 wastewater 582 time 574 effect 571 method 568 risk 542 datum 525 day 519 model 516 disease 512 pollution 508 factor 494 e 488 l 482 number 481 sample 480 area 478 coronavirus 476 level 474 n 466 analysis 446 city 434 lockdown 433 rate 431 infection 421 impact 411 source 410 u 408 population 392 period 390 system 390 country 388 pandemic 385 -p 384 treatment 381 quality 362 waste 359 result Top 50 proper nouns; "What are the names of persons or places?" -------------------------------------------------------------- 3023 al 2443 et 2330 . 1323 SARS 1038 CoV-2 911 COVID-19 528 China 448 J 372 PM 282 RNA 268 Wuhan 254 Fig 201 India 192 Health 174 PPE 164 f 153 March 151 Beijing 149 Coronavirus 139 Italy 132 PCR 119 C 117 Table 116 r 116 Journal 112 Total 110 CoV 99 Liu 97 Wang 97 RT 94 April 93 Environ 92 World 91 TROPOMI 90 CO 87 Sci 87 DOI 87 Africa 86 January 83 o 81 US 80 sha 80 New 78 Pre 77 February 76 m 76 Organization 75 Spain 73 National 71 AOD Top 50 personal pronouns nouns; "To whom are things referred?" ------------------------------------------------------------- 682 it 668 we 182 they 106 i 65 them 20 us 14 he 11 one 10 themselves 10 itself 3 you 2 she 2 ourselves 1 yourself 1 u 1 cpq_064 1 covid-19 1 's Top 50 lemmatized verbs; "What do things do?" --------------------------------------------- 8890 be 1635 have 1196 use 549 show 487 base 454 include 388 report 316 increase 303 confirm 299 compare 296 find 274 reduce 269 associate 268 provide 257 consider 249 do 236 cause 217 estimate 214 follow 203 indicate 196 affect 194 observe 189 relate 188 identify 187 suggest 171 detect 165 make 155 apply 148 require 147 determine 146 collect 141 develop 139 take 139 give 132 obtain 132 assess 131 lead 130 need 130 analyze 128 measure 127 contain 123 present 123 evaluate 123 calculate 121 spread 120 control 118 represent 118 improve 117 test 117 perform Top 50 lemmatized adjectives and adverbs; "How are things described?" --------------------------------------------------------------------- 962 high 732 not 676 also 595 - 510 covid-19 490 low 486 such 452 human 439 other 430 more 398 different 343 environmental 331 however 330 viral 320 urban 314 average 304 significant 296 most 296 first 269 well 260 only 256 respiratory 242 potential 242 daily 237 public 237 large 234 therefore 225 long 221 positive 216 non 206 global 205 new 204 meteorological 189 novel 186 specific 176 respectively 175 relative 173 severe 170 important 169 local 168 due 164 total 160 similar 160 medical 160 infectious 159 spatial 155 small 155 early 150 many 149 as Top 50 lemmatized superlative adjectives; "How are things described to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 112 most 94 high 54 low 46 good 32 least 31 Most 24 large 12 great 11 late 9 bad 7 big 6 small 6 fast 4 close 3 early 2 strong 2 strict 2 short 2 old 2 new 2 near 2 long 2 hot 2 cold 2 N95s 1 ~20 1 ~11%-32 1 weak 1 tricky 1 slight 1 simple 1 severe 1 poor 1 outermost 1 fat 1 colort 1 clean 1 -VOC 1 -MERS‖ 1 -42.58 Top 50 lemmatized superlative adverbs; "How do things do to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 184 most 19 least 6 worst 3 well 3 highest 3 hard 1 -social Top 50 Internet domains; "What Webbed places are alluded to in this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 www.who.int 2 www.gangaaction.org 2 www.ecdc.europa.eu 2 www 2 doi.org 2 doi 1 www.woudc.org 1 www.topps-life.org 1 www.tianqi.com 1 www.thejournal.ie 1 www.theguardian.com 1 www.setac.org 1 www.sciencemag.org 1 www.nhc.gov.cn 1 www.mohfw.gov.in 1 www.mgc 1 www.leconomiste.com 1 www.irishtimes.com 1 www.gisaid.org 1 www.esrl.noaa.gov 1 www.epa.gov 1 www.eorc.jaxa.jp 1 www.directindustry.com 1 www.cnemc.cn 1 www.cdc.gov 1 www.cam.ac.uk 1 www.airnowtech.org 1 www.adledlight.com 1 wsjkw.hlj.gov.cn 1 wjw.hubei.gov.cn 1 tropo.gsfc.nasa.gov 1 so2.gsfc.nasa.gov 1 safar.tropmet.res.in 1 rp5.kz 1 rda.ucar.edu 1 qianxi.baidu 1 product.statnano.com 1 primer3.ut.ee 1 news.ifeng.com 1 multimedia.3m.com 1 ipbes.net 1 hbj.wuhan.gov.cn 1 hbj.wh.gov.cn 1 goo.gl 1 gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov 1 globalweather.tamu.edu 1 github.com 1 ews.info 1 electrospintech.com 1 dss.ucar.edu Top 50 URLs; "What is hyperlinked from this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------- 2 http://www.gangaaction.org/actions/issues/solid-waste/ 2 http://www 2 http://doi 1 http://www.woudc.org 1 http://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/en/ 1 http://www.who.int 1 http://www.topps-life.org 1 http://www.tianqi.com 1 http://www.thejournal.ie/emergency-ventilators-irishresearchers-crowdfund-5061521-Mar2020/ 1 http://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/20/coronavirus-the-week-the-world-shutdown 1 http://www.setac.org/magpie 1 http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/04/coronavirus-found-paris-sewage-points-early 1 http://www.nhc.gov.cn/yjb/new_index.shtml 1 http://www.mohfw.gov.in/ 1 http://www.mgc 1 http://www.leconomiste.com/article/1061485-leseaux-usees-un-moyen-de-tracage-du-covid-19 1 http://www.irishtimes.com/business/ 1 http://www.gisaid.org/ 1 http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/ 1 http://www.epa.gov/outdoor-air-quality-data 1 http://www.eorc.jaxa.jp/ptree/index.html 1 http://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/geographical-distribution-2019ncov-cases 1 http://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/geographical-distribution-2019-ncov-cases 1 http://www.directindustry.com/prod/pentair-x-flow/product-71363-1779744.html 1 http://www.cnemc.cn/ 1 http://www.cdc.gov/ 1 http://www.cam.ac.uk/business-and-enterprise/help-ustackle-covid-19 1 http://www.airnowtech.org/ 1 http://www.adledlight.com/news_show34.html 1 http://wsjkw.hlj.gov.cn/index 1 http://wjw.hubei.gov.cn/fbjd/dtyw/ 1 http://tropo.gsfc.nasa.gov/shadoz/ 1 http://so2.gsfc.nasa.gov/no2/no2_index.html 1 http://safar.tropmet.res.in/ 1 http://rp5.kz 1 http://rda.ucar.edu/ 1 http://qianxi.baidu 1 http://product.statnano.com/product/1981/liquidity-water-purification-cartridge 1 http://primer3.ut.ee/ 1 http://news.ifeng.com/c/7uHMHXcFHmq 1 http://multimedia.3m.com/mws/media/1793956O/ 1 http://ipbes.net/glossary/driver 1 http://hbj.wuhan.gov.cn/.Author 1 http://hbj.wh.gov.cn/ 1 http://goo.gl/maps/6UPRmjJoYpwEg2D56 1 http://gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/reanalysis/MERRA-2/ 1 http://globalweather.tamu.edu/ 1 http://github.com/pliu1991/COVID19PM25_supporting_data_and_files 1 http://ews.info/ 1 http://electrospintech.com/products.html#.XvS_nm0zbIU Top 50 email addresses; "Who are you gonna call?" ------------------------------------------------- 1 hjp@lzu.edu.cn 1 christoph.vorburger@eawag.ch 1 blake.matthews@eawag.ch Top 50 positive assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-noun?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27 covid-19 confirmed cases 9 wastewater are higher 5 day is directly 5 studies did not 5 wastewater based epidemiology 4 covid-19 is higher 4 temperature did not 3 cov-2 is not 3 covid-19 confirmed case 3 studies have not 3 wastewater was then 2 % reported not 2 cases were also 2 concentrations are lower 2 cov-2 are likely 2 cov-2 is also 2 cov-2 is very 2 cov-2 was still 2 covid-19 has not 2 covid-19 using multiple 2 data are available 2 data were not 2 method does not 2 method was not 2 method was successfully 2 models were also 2 studies have also 2 study did not 2 temperature is also 2 viruses are more 2 viruses were present 2 wastewater has also 2 water is very 1 % reported positive 1 % was subject 1 % were healthcare 1 % were vulnerable 1 . provided evidence 1 air has also 1 air have residence 1 air is sufficiently 1 air using solid 1 case was equal 1 cases are often 1 cases be eligible 1 cases have not 1 cases increased significantly 1 cases is attributable 1 cases is positive 1 cases is statistically Top 50 negative assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-no|not-noun?" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 cases have no symptoms 1 concentration is not enough 1 concentrations showed no correlation 1 cov-2 is not advisable 1 cov-2 is not fully 1 cov-2 is not surprising 1 data is not normally 1 data were not available 1 effects are not significant 1 method has not yet 1 method was not capable 1 studies have not yet 1 studies reported no significant 1 study reported no detection 1 temperature has no impact 1 temperature makes no difference 1 temperature was not statistically 1 wastewater is not indicative 1 wastewater was not detectable A rudimentary bibliography -------------------------- id = cord-321240-f6qh4fva author = Adekunle, Ibrahim Ayoade title = Modelling spatial variations of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Africa date = 2020-08-10 keywords = Africa; covid-19 summary = doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138998 id = cord-318043-1x3dp1vv author = Ahmadi, Mohsen title = Investigation of effective climatology parameters on COVID-19 outbreak in Iran date = 2020-04-17 keywords = COVID-19; Iran summary = In this study, the main parameters, including the number of infected people with COVID-19, population density, intra-provincial movement, and infection days to end of the study period, average temperature, average precipitation, humidity, wind speed, and average solar radiation investigated to understand how can these parameters effects on COVID-19 spreading in Iran? Organization," n.d.), population density, intra-provincial movement, infection days to end of the study period, average temperature( • C) (Yuan et al., 2006) , average precipitation (mm) (Araujo and Naimi, 2020) , humidity(%) (Wang et al., 2020) , wind speed (km/h) (Yuan et al., 2006) and average solar radiation (kWh/m 2 ) (Qu and Wickramasinghe, 2017) in the study period. In this study, the correlation of nine main variables includes the number of infected people, population density, intra-provincial movement, days of infection, average temperature, average rain, humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation with infection rate analyzed. doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138705 id = cord-304571-1riprk86 author = Ahmed, Warish title = A review on microbial contaminants in stormwater runoff and outfalls: Potential health risks and mitigation strategies date = 2019-11-20 keywords = QMRA; WSUD; fib; stormwater summary = Additionally, a review of fecal indicators and pathogen log removal values (LRVs) through Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) or Best Management Practices (BMPs) of stormwater runoff has been compiled. The literature search was performed using the keywords "(stormwater OR sensitive urban design OR WSUD OR green infrastructure OR low impact development OR Low impact urban design and development) AND (pathogen OR microb-OR bacter-OR protozoa OR source tracking OR MST OR fecal indicator OR fecal contamination OR health risk OR QMRA) and included studies that are reported in English. The studies summarized in Table 3 indicate that potable and non-potable exposures to stormwater are likely to exceed water quality targets [e.g. up to a geometric 240 CFU/ mL for recycled water (USEPA, 2012b)] and risk benchmarks (10 −4 probability of infection or 10 −6 disability adjusted life years per person per year (pppy) in the absence of additional treatment and/or BMPs depending on the area, end use, and source water. doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.055 id = cord-302195-25gjbyi1 author = Al Huraimel, Khalid title = SARS-CoV-2 in the environment: Modes of transmission, early detection and potential role of pollutions date = 2020-07-15 keywords = RNA; SARS; covid-19 summary = doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140946 id = cord-276392-m1bbt8bo author = Asyary, Al title = Sunlight exposure increased Covid-19 recovery rates: A study in the central pandemic area of Indonesia date = 2020-04-27 keywords = Jakarta; covid-19 summary = doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139016 id = cord-263550-wjdmzmdg author = Bashir, Muhammad Farhan title = Correlation between climate indicators and COVID-19 pandemic in New York, USA date = 2020-08-01 keywords = New; York summary = This study analyzed the association between COVID-19 and climate indicators in New York City, USA. The climate indicators included in the study are average temperature, minimum temperature, maximum temperature, rainfall, average humidity, wind speed, and air quality. • The study examines the impact of climate indicators on COVID-19 epidemic in New York City. Our findings estimate that minimum temperature and average temperature are correlated with the spread of COVID-19 in New York city. Humidity is another contributor for the spread of COVID-19 as it contributed in the rapid transmission within New York City and empirical estimations of this study will be useful in the outcome of efforts to suppress COVID-19. Other meteorological indicators such as wind speed, air quality, and humidity also affect the spread of infectious diseases. This study finds that average temperature, minimum temperature, and air quality are significant correlated with COVID-19 pandemic and will be useful in suppressing COVID-19. doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138835 id = cord-285725-gge8ri93 author = Burdsall, Adam C. title = Bioaerosol emissions from activated sludge basins: Characterization, release, and attenuation date = 2020-08-20 keywords = bioaerosol summary = Previous studies have used culture-dependent and cultureindependent methods to identify the microorganisms present in bioaerosols emitted from aeration basins (Table 1 ). Activated sludge microorganisms grow within flocculent aggregates, consisting of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), inert particles, water, and numerous ionized chemicals (Metcalf and Eddy, 2003 The bubble then bursts when the membrane can no longer maintain the internal pressure of the bubble ( Figure 1A) . Splashing and bubble bursting occur with other methods of mechanical surface aeration (e.g. subsurface turbines, fountains, horizontal paddles), but peer-reviewed studies have not yet revealed the bioaerosol release mechanisms for these processes. Bioaerosol emissions from activated sludge basins are dependent upon the aeration method, which in turn influences mixing. Use of floating balls for reducing bacterial aerosol emissions from aeration in wastewater treatment processes Effect of the aeration system J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Journal Pre-proof on the levels of airborne microorganisms generated at wastewater treatment plants doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141852 id = cord-345347-wrgg8met author = Campling, Paul title = A multi-actor, participatory approach to identify policy and technical barriers to better farming practices that protect our drinking water sources date = 2020-10-17 keywords = Action; Labs; farmer; water summary = A pan-European, multi-actor approach was adapted in the context of seven rural or mixed rural/urban Action Labs (also known as Living Labs) to determine barriers and factors that hinder the uptake of BMPs and MMs to protect drinking water sources from nitrates and PPPs and that have an impact on farmers'' decision making and strategies. The main environmental policy instruments related to water that are to be considered here are: Directive (WFD) and sets groundwater quality standards, introducing measures to prevent or limit inputs of pollutants into groundwater (European Parliament and Council, 2006) ; and, For EU agriculture policies, the cross-compliance requirements (set of minimum agricultural production standards) and the measures included in the Rural Development Plans are those that define the framework for the farmers, in order to benefit from EU subsidies. The first step in the analysis of the uptake of BMPs and MMs to prevent the pollution of drinking water sources from agriculture was to match the wealth of information from previous European projects that assess mitigation measures with the local knowledge of the farming systems and the focus issues in the seven Action Labs. doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142971 id = cord-282268-f7mbdfr6 author = Cartenì, Armando title = How mobility habits influenced the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic: Results from the Italian case study date = 2020-06-24 keywords = Italy; covid-19; day summary = By contrast, the hypothesis discussed in this research is that the time period (days) in which a new positive case of coronavirus is identified and certified, which could be called a sort of a positivity detection time, is longer than the incubation time because of possible delays between contagion and detection caused, for example, by the significant percentage of tests that prove false negative to COVID-19, or by the fraction of people who, although infected, are asymptomatic and/or initially show only mild symptoms, and therefore do not resort to health care. Estimates were made through a multiple linear regression model linking the number of certified daily cases (day-to-day) to socio-economic indices (e.g. number of residents; population density), environmental variables (e.g. temperature, PM pollution), health care indicators (e.g. number of swabs taken daily) and mobility habits (e.g. number people who performed trips several days before). doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140489 id = cord-279942-y5io9qzl author = Chakrabarty, Rajan K. title = Ambient PM2.5 exposure and rapid spread of COVID-19 in the United States date = 2020-11-09 keywords = SNA; covid-19 summary = doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143391 id = cord-311827-jfdlb2g8 author = Chen, L.-W. Antony title = Nonuniform impacts of COVID-19 lockdown on air quality over the United States date = 2020-07-21 keywords = U.S.; lockdown summary = Abstract Most of the state governments in United States (U.S.) issued lockdown or business restrictions amid the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020, which created a unique opportunity to evaluate the air quality response to reduced economic activities. Data acquired from 28 long-term air quality stations across the U.S. revealed widespread but nonuniform reductions of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) during the first phase of lockdown (March 15–April 25, 2020) relative to a pre-lockdown reference period and historical baselines established in 2017–2019. The lockdown or stay-at-home orders issued by the U.S. government to counter the COVID-19 pandemic has nonuniformly impacted air pollution in the U.S. More consistent NO 2 and CO declines than other pollutants coincide with reduced transportation and utility demands, while inter-site differences reflect not only the local lockdown policy but also population density. Assessing air quality changes in large cities during COVID-19 lockdowns: The impacts of traffic-free urban conditions in Almaty doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141105 id = cord-350919-by4zwniq author = Chowdhuri, Indrajit title = Significant decrease of lightning activities during COVID-19 lockdown period over Kolkata megacity in India date = 2020-07-28 keywords = COVID-19; Kolkata summary = doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141321 id = cord-301067-wk3cf0b7 author = Corpus-Mendoza, Asiel N. title = Decrease of mobility, electricity demand, and NO2 emissions on COVID-19 times and their feedback on prevention measures date = 2020-11-01 keywords = COVID-19; Fig; air summary = As a consequence of the prevention measures implemented to contain the virus, cities around the world are experiencing a decrease in urban mobility and electricity demand that have positively affected the air quality. At the same time, we analyse the evolution of confirmed COVID-19 cases and compare them with the start of prevention measures and changes in sectors affected in different countries to discuss the effectiveness in time in which they are applied. These measures are classified in 5 categories in the original dataset, however, we reclassify them and discuss them in terms of their effects on health, and economy, but mainly on the environment by analysing changes in mobility, electricity generation, and air quality index (AQI) before and after the pandemic. At the same time, the analysis of changes in mobility and electricity demand along the evaluation of T D and I CR from the I C curves allow to discuss the timely execution of the prevention measures, which works as a feedback to consider and plan actions for the current pandemic or future global events. doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143382 id = cord-287751-52e0tlcu author = Dai, Qili title = Changes in source contributions to particle number concentrations after the COVID-19 outbreak: Insights from a dispersion normalized PMF date = 2020-11-06 keywords = PMF; PNC; particle; size summary = To reduce the influence of dilution on quantitative source estimates, a methodology for improving the accuracy of source apportionment results by incorporating a measure of dispersion, the ventilation coefficient, into the PMF analysis (called dispersion normalized PMF, DN-PMF) was applied to a PNC dataset measured from a field campaign that includes the Spring Festival event and the start of the COVID-19 lockdown in Tianjin, China. In addition to measured PNC data, auxiliary variables include gaseous pollutants (SO 2 , NO 2 , CO and O 3 ), PM 1 , PM 1-2.5 (PM 2.5 -PM 1 ), radiation and selected potential source tracer species (OC, EC, NO 3 -analyses to support factor interpretation. The best solution with the optimal number of factors was evaluated with selection criteria of appropriately narrow distributions of scaled residuals of PNCs and the physical interpretability of factors in terms of (a) examination of size factor profiles and its association with external variables, (b) source directionality from CBPF plots, and (c) diel patterns. doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143548 id = cord-317355-z5tk3v3b author = Dunker, Susanne title = No SARS-CoV-2 detected in air samples (pollen and particulate matter) in Leipzig during the first spread date = 2020-10-13 keywords = CoV-2; SARS summary = title: No SARS-CoV-2 detected in air samples (pollen and particulate matter) in Leipzig during the first spread Air samples collected at our measuring station in Leipzig and purified pollen were analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 typical signals or for virus-induced cytopathic effects, to test if the virus could bind to bioaerosols and if so, whether these complexes are infectious. We therefore aimed at investigating whether SARS-CoV-2 can bind to pollen or other kind of particulate matter within bioaerosols sampled at our station in Leipzig and if so, whether these complexes are infectious. In none of these samples SARS-CoV-2 typical For a detailed analysis of a possible correlation between concentrations of the most abundant pollen, particulate matter and registered Covid-19 cases, a correlation matrix was created with R (package "PerformanceAnalytics") (Fig. 2) . doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142881 id = cord-285620-oawrnmhy author = Fahimirad, Shohreh title = Efficient removal of water bacteria and viruses using electrospun nanofibers date = 2020-08-16 keywords = electrospun; membrane; nanofiber; water summary = doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141673 id = cord-299432-lbv69du4 author = Franklin, Alan B. title = Spillover of SARS-CoV-2 into novel wild hosts in North America: A conceptual model for perpetuation of the pathogen date = 2020-05-12 keywords = SARS summary = Here, we propose a hypothesized conceptual model that illustrates the mechanism whereby the SARS-CoV-2 could spillover from infected humans to naive wildlife hosts in North America. This proposed model is premised on transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from human feces through municipal waste water treatment plants into the natural aquatic environment where potential wildlife hosts become infected. Here, we propose a plausible mechanism where SARS-CoV-2, the pathogen causing the disease COVID-19, could spillover from infected humans into novel wildlife hosts in North America. While the primary risk associated with the current COVID-19 outbreak appears to be humanto-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2, we believe the existing evidence also supports the plausibility of novel coronaviruses, such as SARS-CoV-2, spilling over to new wildlife hosts through fecal shedding by infected humans and introduction to the natural aquatic environment via the waste water treatment system. doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139358 id = cord-333547-88dkh6xd author = Hasan, Shadi W. title = Detection and Quantification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Wastewater and Treated Effluents: Surveillance of COVID-19 Epidemic in the United Arab Emirates date = 2020-10-19 keywords = CoV-2; RNA; SARS summary = doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142929 id = cord-322906-zef971xp author = Hochman, Assaf title = The relationship between cyclonic weather regimes and seasonal influenza over the Eastern Mediterranean date = 2020-08-12 keywords = Cyprus; Influenza summary = doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141686 id = cord-318856-f0m3wuyj author = Hoogeveen, Martijn J. title = Can pollen explain the seasonality of flu-like illnesses in the Netherlands? date = 2020-10-22 keywords = flu; like; ΔILI summary = To further understand the impact of pollen as an environmental factor influencing the life cycle of flulike epidemics, the objective of this study is to determine the correlations of pollen and meteorological variables with (changes in) flu-like incidence and develop and test a discrete predictive model that combines pollen and meteorological co-inhibitors. To study the relationship between pollen and flu-like incidence in the Netherlands, we used the public datasets of Elkerliek Hospital (Elkerliek.nl) about the weekly allergenic, low-level allergenic and total pollen concentrations in the Netherlands in grains/m 3 , whereby for 42 types of pollen particles the J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Journal Pre-proof numbers are counted and averaged per day per 1m 3 of air. When testing the impact on ΔILI, the weekly changes in medical flu-like incidence, the extended dataset till 2020, including COVID-19, shows a strong and highly significant inverse correlation with total pollen (r(226) = -0.26, p = 0.000063). doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143182 id = cord-269704-ax306loy author = Hospers, Lily title = Electric fans: A potential stay-at-home cooling strategy during the COVID-19 pandemic this summer? date = 2020-07-25 keywords = fan; heat; temperature summary = Here we examine the environmental limits of electric fan-use in the context of the United States summer as a potential stay-at-home cooling strategy that aligns with existing efforts to mitigate the spread of SARS-COV-2. The present analysis indicates that electric fan-use with light water-spraying potentially offers a feasible stay-at-home cooling strategy during heat extremes for large parts of the US historically experiencing hot-humid summer conditions. Importantly though, fan use during heat extremes in the home prevents people seeking cooling in public places among individuals whose virus status is less likely to be known than cohabitants, thus limiting personal risk of transmission and further spread in the community. The present model was created based around an elderly adult (+65 y), with a body mass of 70 kg, a height of 1.73 m, and a calculated body surface area (BSA) (30) of 1.83 m 2 , seated at rest, in light clothing, while wetting their skin either with or without the use of an electric fan in a variety of heatwave conditions. doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141180 id = cord-352630-dx1fwngb author = Hossain, Md. Sabbir title = Impact of weather on COVID-19 transmission in South Asian Countries: an application of the ARIMAX model date = 2020-11-02 keywords = COVID-19 summary = We aimed to examine the impact of weather on COVID-19 confirmed cases in South Asian countries, namely, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Several studies suggested that weather parameters like temperature, rainfall, humidity, wind speed, and air pollutants may influence the transmission of the COVID-19 (Ahmadi et al., 2020; Al-Rousan and Al-Najjar, 2020; Bashir et al., 2020; Jüni et al., 2020; Liu et al., 2020; Qi et al., 2020; Sobral et al., 2020; Tosepu et al., 2020; Zoran et al., 2020) . This study was accumulated different types of data, including daily COVID-19, climate, and air pollutants datasets from the first unequal date of COVID-19 confirmed cases to 31 August 2020 of five South Asian countries, such as Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Our analyses also showed that temperature had a significant positive and negative impact on the transmissibility of COVID-19 in four south Asian countries except for India. doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143315 id = cord-293139-uj1m3t79 author = Hua, Jinxi title = Competing PM2.5 and NO2 holiday effects in the Beijing area vary locally due to differences in residential coal burning and traffic patterns date = 2020-08-11 keywords = Beijing; effect; holiday summary = In this study, we assessed the variations in concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) during the holidays in the heating season from 2014 to 2018 based on daily surface air quality monitoring measurements in Beijing. The predictors in our GAM model include time vectors to represent inter-annual, monthly, and weekday variations, as well as meteorological variables (boundary layer height, east-west wind component, south-north wind component, relative humidity, air temperature, dew point temperature, and surface pressure). The spatial variation in the holiday effect at different sites reflects two distinct ways that human activities impact air quality: increased residential heating tended to increase both PM 2.5 and NO 2 , whereas reduced traffic emissions leads to lower NO 2 . Effects of meteorology and emission reduction measures on air pollution in Beijing during heating seasons doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141575 id = cord-296618-aw4zm23z author = Huang, Guanyu title = Non-negligible impacts of clean air regulations on the reduction of tropospheric NO2 over East China during the COVID-19 pandemic observed by OMI and TROPOMI date = 2020-07-21 keywords = LNY; OMI; TROPOMI summary = doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141023 id = cord-277490-xrgnt6l5 author = Huang, Zhongwei title = Optimal temperature zone for the dispersal of COVID-19 date = 2020-05-16 keywords = SARS summary = Abstract It is essential to know the environmental parameters within which the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can survive to understand its global dispersal pattern. Our findings suggest that there is an optimal climatic zone in which the concentration of SARS-CoV-2 markedly increases in the ambient environment (including the surfaces of objects). The aerodynamic characteristics and propagation of SARS-CoV-2 in aerosols have been reported (Liu et al., 2020) . Therefore, it is essential to understand the survival of SARS-CoV-2 in the ambient environment to prevent COVID-19. Transmission of a 2009 Pandemic Influenza Virus Shows a Sensitivity to Temperature and Humidity Similar to That of an H3N2 Seasonal Strain Evidence that higher temperatures are associated with lower incidence of COVID-19 in pandemic state, cumulative cases reported up to Association between ambient temperature and COVID-19 infection in 122 cities from China doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139487 id = cord-312619-7jpf81yz author = Ilyas, Sadia title = Disinfection technology and strategies for COVID-19 hospital and bio-medical waste management date = 2020-08-12 keywords = BMW; COVID-19; SARS; covid; waste summary = The exposure to COVID-waste may potentially increase the virus spread by increasing the reproductive number (R 0 ) from its determined range between 2.2 to 3.58 Thus, effective management of COVID-waste including the appropriate disinfect and disposal techniques are necessary to control the pandemic spread, which has not been focused yet albeit posing a similar threat as SARS-CoV-2 itself can have to the public health. The present article reviews the disinfection technologies to control/prevent the novel coronavirus spread and the proper management of COVID-waste including the effective strategies and reprocessing possibilities of the used items. Not only the COVID-waste generated by the hospitals, health centers, and self-quarantines, but the waste generated during the disinfection of public area or, where an infected person visited have been directed to treat as medical waste and collection of those waste in double-packed designated bags are mandatory before sending to burning at the high-temperature incinerator facility. doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141652 id = cord-304490-q9ab1pji author = Iqbal, Najaf title = Nexus between COVID-19, temperature and exchange rate in Wuhan City: New findings from Partial and Multiple Wavelet Coherence date = 2020-04-22 keywords = Wuhan; chinese; covid-19 summary = We employ 24-h daily average temperature, daily new confirmed cases of a covid-19 in Wuhan, and RMB exchange rate to represent the weather, covid-19 outbreak, and Chinese economy, respectively. The Renminbi exchange rate showed a negative coherence at specific time-frequency spots suggesting a negative but limited impact of the covid-19 outbreak in Wuhan on the Chinese export economy. In such a scenario, it is interesting to know how the Chinese RMB exchange rate moved with the emerging situation of the covid-19 outbreak, explicitly speaking the number of new daily confirmed cases in Wuhan during this period. This study attempts to document the relationship between local weather (Temperature), economy (Exchange rate of RMB), and covid-19 outbreak (Daily number of new confirmed covid-19 cases) in the Chinese city of Wuhan where it was first reported, using wavelet analysis. doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138916 id = cord-265715-u8rc48f4 author = Ishaq, Sadia title = Investigating the public health risks of low impact development at residential, neighbourhood, and municipal levels date = 2020-07-06 keywords = burden; lid; water summary = Although LIDs offer sustainable runoff management, these infrastructures can be considered a risk to public health due to the presence of pathogens in the runoff and human exposure to contaminated water held in and transported by LIDs. The objective of this study is to examine the disease burden from exposure to LIDs at the residential, neighbourhood, and municipal levels. The combinations of keywords used in this search included the following: "runoff"/"rainwater"/"surface water"/"stormwater"/"floods" and "low impact development"/"green infrastructure"/"water sensitive urban design" and "quantitative microbial risk assessment"/"public health risk"/" disease burden". This study establishes the conceptual foundation of the effects of LIDs on public health and presents a wider perspective of the disease burden from exposure to LIDs. The results revealed that the probability of GI illness exceeding the WHO and US EPA guidelines was highest for floodwater, followed by recreation in surface water, and non-potable exposures to harvested rainwater. doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140778 id = cord-306124-sn780ike author = Jakariya, Md. title = Assessing climate-induced agricultural vulnerable coastal communities of Bangladesh using machine learning techniques date = 2020-06-16 keywords = Bangladesh; factor; vulnerability summary = The study also identified the need for assessing vulnerability after certain intervals, specifically owing to the dynamic nature of the coastal region where the factors were found to vary among the different study areas. An effort was made to find the crop yield vulnerability of the farmers of the three coastal districts of Bangladesh by identifying the significant factors that have increased effects on the vulnerability score by Machine Learning models. The factors related to three different variables of vulnerability, e.g., exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity, were identified through focus group discussions (FGD) with the local farmers in each village. Across the coastal region of Bangladesh, the climatic conditions were amongst the factors with the highest weights, which illustrate their importance to assess vulnerability levels. Table 3 shows the state of crop yield vulnerability of the three coastal regions of Bangladesh, which is reflected in the vulnerability scores of different villages in the study area. doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140255 id = cord-349078-59wel5o5 author = Kanniah, Kasturi Devi title = COVID-19's impact on the atmospheric environment in the Southeast Asia region date = 2020-05-25 keywords = Himawari-8; Malaysia; SEA; covid-19 summary = doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139658 id = cord-300435-vs0ntcsb author = Katz, Al title = Heteroaggregation of an enveloped bacteriophage with colloidal sediments and effect on virus viability date = 2018-10-01 keywords = particle; sediment; virus summary = Four sediments in the colloidal size range: goethite, montmorillonite, illite, and kaolinite, were suspended with the bacteriophage φ6, a model enveloped virus, to determine relative rates of heteroaggregation and the effect of aggregation on virus viability. A study of heteroaggregation of the non-enveloped cowpea mosaic virus with colloidal hematite revealed that at pH 6, at which hematite carries a positive surface charge and the virus a negative charge, the aggregates accumulated four times as many viruses as hematite particles Vilker et al. In this work, we employ turbidity measurements to investigate the heteroaggregation of a model envelope virus, the bacteriophage φ6, with colloidal goethite and three clay minerals: illite, kaolinite and montmorillonite. Although imprecise knowledge of doublet shape complicates calculations of heteroaggregation rates, analysis of the turbidity slope coupled with particle concentrations allows one to determine relative aggregation rates between φ6 and the four sediment types, elucidating the nature of the interaction. doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.425 id = cord-300739-ll1kc7sn author = Kerimray, Aiymgul title = Assessing air quality changes in large cities during COVID-19 lockdowns: The impacts of traffic-free urban conditions in Almaty, Kazakhstan date = 2020-05-04 keywords = Almaty; BTEX summary = title: Assessing air quality changes in large cities during COVID-19 lockdowns: The impacts of traffic-free urban conditions in Almaty, Kazakhstan The results demonstrate the impact of traffic on the complex nature of air pollution in Almaty, which is substantially contributed by various nontraffic related sources, mainly coal-fired combined heat and power plants and household heating systems, as well as possible small irregular sources such as garbage burning and bathhouses. Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and o-xylene (BTEX) concentrations were also measured during three days in the middle of the lockdown and compared with the concentrations observed during the same periods of previous years (2015) (2016) (2017) (2018) (2019) . There were substantial increases in benzene and toluene during the lockdown period compared to the average during the 2015-2019 years, while some reductions were observed in ethylbenzene and o-xylene concentrations. doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139179 id = cord-275565-xerr4vki author = Kumar, Manish title = Decay of SARS-CoV-2 RNA along the wastewater treatment outfitted with Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) system evaluated through two sample concentration techniques date = 2020-09-15 keywords = CoV-2; RNA; SARS summary = For the first time, we present, i) an account of decay in the genetic material loading of SARS-CoV-2 during Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) treatment of wastewater, and ii) comparative evaluation of polyethylene glycol (PEG), and filtration as virus concentration methods from wastewater for the quantification of SARS-CoV-2 genes. Thus, there still remains questions pertaining to: i) capability of conventional WWTPs to reduce the abundance of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, ii) better understanding of the protocol, virus J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Journal Pre-proof precipitation through PEG and filtration which one is better methods for concentrating the samples before RNA isolation. Appraising the genetic loading reduction through Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) systems, and iii) Comparing the performances between PEG and filtration as virus concentration methods in terms of SARS-CoV-2 RNA sensitivity and inhibition removal. doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142329 id = cord-292045-pnid9dmq author = Kumar, Manish title = First proof of the capability of wastewater surveillance for COVID-19 in India through detection of genetic material of SARS-CoV-2 date = 2020-07-28 keywords = India; RNA; SARS summary = doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141326 id = cord-296986-8fuj072z author = Kumar, Manish title = A chronicle of SARS-CoV-2: Part-I - Epidemiology, diagnosis, prognosis, transmission and treatment date = 2020-05-15 keywords = COVID-19; China; CoV-2; SARS summary = The review explicitly covers the aspects like genome and pedigree of SARS-CoV-2; epidemiology, prognosis, pathogenesis, symptoms and diagnosis of COVID-19 in order to catalog the right information on transmission route, and influence of environmental factors on virus transmissions, for the robust understanding of right strategical steps for proper COVID-19 management. We have explicitly highlighted several useful information and facts like: i) No established relationship between progression of SARS-CoV-2 with temperature, humidity and/or both, ii) The underlying mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 is not fully understood, iii) Respiratory droplet size determines drop and airborne-based transmission, iv) Prognosis of COVID-19 can be done by its effects on various body organs, v) Infection can be stopped by restricting the binding of S protein and AE2, vi) Hydroxychloroquine is believed to be better than chloroquine for COVID-19, vii) Ivermectin with Vero-hSLAM cells is able to reduce infection by ~5000 time within 2 days, and viii) Nafamostat mesylate can inhibit SARS-CoV-2 S protein-initiated membrane fusion. Outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): increased transmission beyond China-fourth update doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139278 id = cord-320787-dwyyjq6o author = La Rosa, Giuseppina title = First detection of SARS-CoV-2 in untreated wastewaters in Italy date = 2020-05-23 keywords = PCR; SARS summary = Italy is among the world''s worst-affected countries in the COVID-19 pandemic, but so far there are no studies assessing the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in Italian wastewaters. To this aim, twelve influent sewage samples, collected between February and April 2020 from Wastewater Treatment Plants in Milan and Rome, were tested adapting, for concentration, the standard WHO procedure for Poliovirus surveillance. SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection was accomplished in volumes of 250 mL of wastewaters collected in areas of high (Milan) and low (Rome) epidemic circulation, according to clinical data. Herein we report the results of the screening for SARS-CoV-2 presence in sewage samples collected between the end of February and the beginning of April 2020 from WWTPs in Milan (Northern Italy) and Rome (Central Italy). In the absence of a standardized method for SARS-CoV-2 detection in environmental samples, RNAs were tested for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 using three different nested RT-PCR assays and one real-time qPCR assay (Table 1 and Figure 1 b) a newly designed primer set specific for SARS-CoV-2. doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139652 id = cord-303665-l57e54hu author = Lahrich, S. title = Review on the contamination of wastewater by COVID-19 virus: Impact and treatment date = 2020-09-10 keywords = PCR; SARS; virus summary = Under these circumstances, the passive, but effective, method of sewage or wastewater monitoring can be used to trace and track the presence of SARS-CoV-2, through their genetic material RNA, and screen entire community. Since wastewater contains viruses that are repelled by everyone, regardless of their health, monitoring for viruses in wastewater and environmental waters that receive effluent from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) can determine the true prevalence and molecular epidemiology of gastroenteritis viruses and the risks to human health (Guan et al., 2020; Huang et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2020a) in a given geographical area rather than clinical research (Prevost et al., 2015; Kazama et al., 2017) . Therefore, the safety of drinking water and wastewater depends on the appropriate selection of the disinfectant dose and contact time in the treated environment, which are very important analytical techniques and methods that can detect viruses. Understanding how the virus breaks down in the aquatic environment is also critical to assessing risks to human health at present; the stability of the SARS-CoV-2 genome in wastewater is unclear. doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142325 id = cord-290458-5fwbh9t9 author = Lal, Preet title = The dark cloud with a silver lining: Assessing the impact of the SARS COVID-19 pandemic on the global environment date = 2020-05-08 keywords = China; covid-19 summary = Rising global death tolls combined with the high infectivity of the virus, mild clinical symptoms, an uncertain incubation period, lack of pre-existing human immunity, and the possibility of asymptomatic healthy carriers (Bouey, 2020) led to the WHO declaring COVID-19 a "Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)" on 30 th January 2020 (World Health Organization, 2020a) . Projected near-surface air temperature, and relative humidity (RH) datasets acquired from CIMIP-5 model at RCP 8.5 scenario until November 2020 and were used to estimate the possible impacts of COVID-19 on different countries under future meteorological conditions. The future projections of absolute humidity based on the CIMIP-5 model at RCP 8.5 scenario until November 2020 were used to deduce the possible contribution of meteorological conditions to COVID-19 spread following January-March 2020 variations in AH and Bukhari and Jameel, (2020) concepts of virus transmission at the different threshold of AH. doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139297 id = cord-344423-jhdfscyw author = Lian, Xinbo title = Impact of city lockdown on the air quality of COVID-19-hit of Wuhan city date = 2020-06-30 keywords = Wuhan summary = The lockdown had a substantial environmental impact, because traffic pollution and industrial emissions are important factors affecting air quality and public health in the region. Due to the lack of central heating and chemical industry, in addition to the emissions from coal-fired enterprises such as power plants and the pollution transported from surrounding rural biomass burning activities, vehicle emissions are responsible for the most important pollution source affecting the air quality and public health in Wuhan (Daoru Liu, J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f 5 2020). Compared with the corresponding periods, the rate of good days (AQI < 100) increased by 37.4%, which means that during the lockdown, the air quality in Wuhan had no significant effect on human health, and only some pollutants may have had a weak impact on the health of a small number of unusually sensitive people. doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140556 id = cord-268278-owmcxq9e author = Lin, Yu-Kai title = High-temperature indices associated with mortality and outpatient visits: Characterizing the association with elevated temperature()() date = 2012-06-15 keywords = Central; Taiwan; temperature summary = However, other weather indicators, such as relative humidity (RH), wind speed (WS), water Science of the Total Environment 427-428 (2012) [41] [42] [43] [44] [45] [46] [47] [48] [49] Abbreviations: AIC, Akaike''s information criterion; AT, apparent temperature; CI, confidence interval; CWB, Central Weather Bureau; DLNM, distributed lag non-linear model; Flu, influenza; HI, heat index; NHRI, National Health Research Institute; PM 10 , particulate matter less than 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter; RR, relative risk; RH, relative humidity; TCDC, Taiwan Centers for Disease Control; THI, temperature humidity index; TEPA, Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration; WBGT, wet-bulb globe temperature; WS, wind speed; WVP, water vapor pressure. For each high-temperature index, data analysis further calculated area-specific cumulative 8-day (from lag 0 to lag 7 days) relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to determine associations with daily deaths and outpatient visits, using distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) (Armstrong, 2006; Gasparrini et al., 2010) . doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.04.039 id = cord-322572-wic7n6ia author = Liu, Jiangtao title = Impact of meteorological factors on the COVID-19 transmission: A multi-city study in China date = 2020-07-15 keywords = COVID-19; China summary = The purpose of the present study is to explore the associations between novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case counts and meteorological factors in 30 provincial capital cities of China. The purpose of the present study is to explore the associations between novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case counts and meteorological factors in 30 provincial capital cities of China. We compiled a daily dataset including confirmed case counts, ambient temperature (AT), diurnal temperature range (DTR), absolute humidity (AH) and migration scale index (MSI) for each city during the period of January 20th to March 2nd, 2020. We compiled a daily dataset including confirmed case counts, ambient temperature (AT), diurnal temperature range (DTR), absolute humidity (AH) and migration scale index (MSI) for each city during the period of January 20th to March 2nd, 2020. Then we used generalized linear models to examine the associations between meteorological factors and COVID-19 daily case counts in 30 provincial capitals except for Wuhan in China while controlling the population migration. doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138513 id = cord-266052-rcuzi70u author = Liu, Lilong title = Pit latrines may be a potential risk in rural China and low-income countries when dealing with COVID-19 date = 2020-10-29 keywords = China; SARS; covid-19 summary = As pit latrines and the use of untreated excreta as fertilizer were common in rural China, we surveyed 27 villages of Jiangxi and Hubei provinces and found that pit latrines could be a potential source of SARS-CoV-2 water pollution. Another study showed that infectious SARS-CoV-2 virus were successfully isolated from 2 of 3 patients with viral RNA-positive, indicating that infectious virus in feces was a common manifestation of COVID-19 and confirmed the potential of fecal-oral or fecal-respiratory transmission (Xiao et al., 2020b) . Coupled with the fact that villagers usually use untreated excreta as agricultural fertilizer, we believe that the use of pit latrines in rural China and other low-income countries increases the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 contaminating the surrounding natural environment and ultimately harms human health. We proposed this hypothesis to illustrate the mechanism that SARS-COV-2 might spread from the excreta of infected humans in pit latrines to potential animal hosts and then become a sustainable source of infection in rural China and other low-income countries. doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143283 id = cord-296661-6ndn2qxc author = Lu, Dingnan title = Primary concentration – The critical step in implementing the wastewater based epidemiology for the COVID-19 pandemic: A mini-review date = 2020-07-25 keywords = SARS; peg summary = This review provides new insights into the primary concentration methods that have been adopted by the eighteen recently reported COVID-19 wastewater detection studies, along with a brief discussion of the mechanisms of the most commonly used virus concentration methods, including the PEG-based separation, electrostatically charged membrane filtration, and ultrafiltration. The PEG-based separation is the most used technique (7 out of 18) among all concentration methods, and all four studies that adopted this concentration method showed positive results regarding the SARS-CoV-2 detection in wastewater samples (Bar Or et al., 2020; Hata et al., 2020; La Rosa et al., 2020b; Wu et al., 2020) . As previously mentioned, using electrostatically charged membranes filtration to concentrate viruses from turbid water, such as raw wastewater, can be subject to a significant reduction of virus recovery efficiency due to the presence of organic matter and high turbidity, which can lead to a preferential attachment to the charged filters and raise the risk of detrimental clogging. doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141245 id = cord-317042-dll3qt4g author = Lv, Jun title = Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA residue on object surfaces in nucleic acid testing laboratory using droplet digital PCR date = 2020-06-19 keywords = PCR; SARS summary = title: Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA residue on object surfaces in nucleic acid testing laboratory using droplet digital PCR In this study, we compared the qRT-PCR and ddPCR in detecting of residual virus that existed on the object surfaces from sample transportation and reception related facilities, testing related instruments, personal protective equipment and other facilities in nucleic acid testing laboratory. In this study, we aimed to 1) determine the concentration of SARS-Cov-2 present on the object surfaces and personal protective equipment after the nucleic acid test, 2) identify the risk areas and operation behaviors that may cause contamination, and 3) provide reference basis for the targeted formulation of laboratory disinfection programs and personal operating specifications. The SARS-CoV-2 test results of object surface samples from nucleic acid detection laboratory were shown in Table 1 . In this study, all objects in nucleic acid detection laboratory that tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 were directly or indirectly contacted by the operator''s gloved hands. doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140370 id = cord-314992-vhjuus50 author = Matthews, Blake title = On biological evolution and environmental solutions date = 2020-07-01 keywords = environmental; evolutionary; population summary = Drug treatment is often the default approach used to control emergent bacterial and fungal diseases, but in some cases a single new drug can cause strong natural selection, and, combined with the high evolutionary potential of pathogens, this means that the expected time until drug resistance evolves can be short (Fisher et al., 2018; Kennedy and Read, 2018) . A better understanding of the evolutionary dynamics of such systems, gained, for example, by tracking environmental change in real-time and linking those changes with environmental sources of natural selection, could help us predict the outbreaks of toxic algae. Predictions about complex ecological systems are challenging and require solid understanding of ecological and evolutionary mechanisms behind population growth, genetic and trait diversity, trait-environmental relationships, trade-offs, and community dynamics. doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138194 id = cord-329050-vzsy6xw1 author = Nabi, Ghulam title = Bats and birds as viral reservoirs: A physiological and ecological perspective date = 2020-09-22 keywords = bat; bird; virus summary = These convergent traits in birds and bats and their ecological interactions with domestic animals and humans increase the potential risk of viral spillover transmission and facilitate the emergence of novel viruses that most likely sources of zoonoses with the potential to cause global pandemics. This paper reviews convergent traits in the physiology, immunology and flight-related ecology of birds and bats with the aim of a better understanding of why these species are such important reservoirs of viral zoonoses, and the potential risk of bat and bird viruses infecting humans. The convergent traits of miniaturized body size, enhanced metabolic rate and antioxidant capacity, prolonged lifespan, a short but efficient digestive tract, and possessing some specific immunological features relative to non-flying mammals are thought to be the result of functional constraints on evolution imposed by the demands of powered flight (Thomas and Suthers, 1972; Norberg, 1990; Caviedes-Vidal et al., 2007; Costantini, 2008; Munshi-South and Wilkinson, 2010; Song et al., 2020; ) . doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142372 id = cord-259325-2yl7kl7b author = Nakada, Liane Yuri Kondo title = COVID-19 pandemic: Impacts on the air quality during the partial lockdown in São Paulo state, Brazil date = 2020-04-29 keywords = Paulo summary = doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139087 id = cord-314711-c6rqv4zd author = Pan, Jinhua title = Warmer weather unlikely to reduce the COVID-19 transmission: An ecological study in 202 locations in 8 countries date = 2020-09-09 keywords = covid-19 summary = doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142272 id = cord-354254-89vjfkfd author = Peng, Shanbi title = The role of computational fluid dynamics tools on investigation of pathogen transmission: Prevention and control date = 2020-08-31 keywords = CFD; method; model; pathogen; simulation; transmission summary = doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142090 id = cord-328914-6zog3xf3 author = Petroselli, Chiara title = Characterization of long-range transported bioaerosols in the Central Mediterranean date = 2020-10-19 keywords = Mediterranean; saharan summary = doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143010 id = cord-336659-qddjqiw9 author = Ramos, Jheneffer Sonara Aguiar title = Multi-biomarker responses to pesticides in an agricultural population from Central Brazil date = 2020-08-21 keywords = dna; pesticide summary = doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141893 id = cord-305558-dnvl60ez author = Ranjan, Avinash Kumar title = Effect of lockdown due to SARS COVID-19 on aerosol optical depth (AOD) over urban and mining regions in India date = 2020-07-19 keywords = AOD; Indian summary = doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141024 id = cord-341212-dk6ioi15 author = Ribeiro, Andre Luis Ribeiro title = Besides the climate model, other variables driving the COVID-19 spread in Brazil() date = 2020-06-15 keywords = Brazil summary = The study model and data analysis are well-performed, and although the authors found that temperature and relativity humidity influenced the COVID-19 dissemination, other well-known and important variables, such as social distancing, population testing, hand wash (Giordano et al., 2020) and rational use of face mask were not part of their study model (Feng et al., 2020) . This dispute was taken to the Supreme Court, which reinforced the authority of cities and states to define local measures of social distancing, quarantine, prohibition of activities and definition of essential services (Federal, 2020) . Since the cases started to spread in these cities, uncoordinated measures of social distancing were gradually implemented across the country, in despite of the divergences between the president and governors (Wikipedia, 2020a) , (Wikipedia, 2020b) . Evidence that high temperatures and intermediate relative humidity might favor the spread of COVID-19 in tropical climate: A case study for the most affected Brazilian cities doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140211 id = cord-347354-1bh6ncls author = Rodrigues, Marcos title = Is COVID-19 halting wildfires in the Mediterranean? Insights for wildfire science under a pandemic context date = 2020-10-08 keywords = Mediterranean; wildfire summary = doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142793 id = cord-256112-zg63v8hh author = Rowan, Neil J. title = Challenges and solutions for addressing critical shortage of supply chain for personal and protective equipment (PPE) arising from Coronavirus disease (COVID19) pandemic – Case study from the Republic of Ireland date = 2020-07-10 keywords = COVID19; Ireland; PPE summary = doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138532 id = cord-305262-23qylbmg author = Rowan, Neil J. title = Unlocking the surge in demand for personal and protective equipment (PPE) and improvised face coverings arising from coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic – Implications for efficacy, re-use and sustainable waste management date = 2020-09-10 keywords = COVID-19; N95; PPE; Rowan; SARS summary = doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142259 id = cord-322787-dbtc0bo3 author = Runkle, Jennifer D. title = Short-term effects of weather parameters on COVID-19 morbidity in select US cities date = 2020-06-09 keywords = New; covid-19; humidity summary = doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140093 id = cord-338189-j4hnldk4 author = Saadat, Saeida title = Environmental perspective of COVID-19 date = 2020-08-01 keywords = COVID-19; China; coronavirus; people summary = The easy spread of this virus made people to wear a mask as precautionary route, use gloves and hand sanitizer on a daily basis that resulted in generation of a massive amount of medical wastes in the environment. However, the lock down of the COVID-19 pandemic caused the air quality in many cities across the globe to improve and drop in water pollutions in some parts of the world. There are some factors that contribute to the risk of COVID-19 but they are probably felt differently by different socioeconomic groups (Lipsitch et al., 2020) -People who have had medical problems of diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, or even high blood pressure and cancer are at higher risk from coronavirus (Giannis et al., 2020; Fang et al., 2020; Zheng et al., 2020) . The major death cases of coronavirus outbreak are happening mainly in old people probably because of a poor immune system that allows rapid growth of viral infections. doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138870 id = cord-351665-6gwb900b author = Sarkar, Priyanka title = Coupled human-environment system amid COVID-19 crisis: A conceptual model to understand the nexus date = 2020-08-18 keywords = COVID-19; India; che; human; impact summary = doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141757 id = cord-328509-l4yz1ude author = Sharma, Shubham title = Effect of restricted emissions during COVID-19 on air quality in India date = 2020-08-01 keywords = AQI; India summary = This paper also explores the possible scenario which could result in national capital region if similar control on anthropogenic emissions occurs in worst meteorology conditions using Weather Research Forecasting (WRF)-Air Quality Dispersion Modelling System (AERMOD). To study the changes in air quality during the lockdown period, the data from 22 cities covering different regions of India were analysed, i.e. Bhopal and Dewas in centre, Jorapokhar, Patna, Gaya, Brajrajnagar and Kolkata in the east, Faridabad, Amritsar, Jodhpur, Delhi, Agra, Kanpur and Varanasi in the north, Amravati, Bengaluru, Thiruvananthapuram and Chennai in the south, as well as Ahmedabad, Mumbai, Nagpur and Pune in the west. The potential health benefits in different cities due to change in concentrations were estimated using the excess risks associated with the pollutant loads during similar periods with and without lockdown. The effect on meteorology on the PM 2.5 concentrations in National Capital Region (NCR) of Delhi was studied using the Air Quality Dispersion Modelling System (AERMOD). doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138878 id = cord-284583-urh0xk7r author = Singh, Vikas title = Exceedances and trends of particulate matter (PM2.5) in five Indian megacities date = 2020-08-11 keywords = Delhi; India; PM2 summary = This work presents the variability, trend, and exceedance analysis of PM2.5 measured at US Embassy and Consulate in five Indian megacities (Chennai, Kolkata, Hyderabad, Mumbai, and New Delhi) for six years (2014–2019). The major recent initiatives that might have helped in the reduction include the launch of the National Air Quality Index (AQI) for public awareness, the formation of Environment pollution (prevention and control) authority, implementation of a Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) and Comprehensive Action Plan LPG is lower than that of solid fuel (Deepthi et al., 2019) , the implementation of PMUY across India would have reduced PM 2.5 levels mainly at the regional level (Chowdhury et al., 2019) . This study reports a detailed analysis of the variabilities and trends in the PM 2.5 concentration measured at the US embassy and consulates in the five megacities (Chennai, Kolkata, Analysis of MERRA-2 meteorological parameters suggests no significant change in the annual mean wind speed, temperature, PBLH, and precipitation in the past six years. doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141461 id = cord-263801-01goni72 author = Sobral, Marcos Felipe Falcão title = Association between climate variables and global transmission oF SARS-CoV-2 date = 2020-08-10 keywords = SARS; covid-19 summary = In this study, we aimed at analyzing the associations between transmission of and deaths caused by SARS-CoV-2 and meteorological variables, such as average temperature, minimum temperature, maximum temperature, and precipitation. On the basis of the assumption that different climatic conditions play a significant role in the course of COVID-19, it is essential to identify associations between environmental factors, such as average, maximum, and minimum temperatures; precipitation; and demographic density, and SARS-CoV-2 transmission and COVID-19 mortality in humans. Even with the complete specification that includes two binary variables capturing specific effects for the months of the year and controlling for population density, the results suggest that an increase in temperature is associated with a decrease in the number of infections. This study aimed to identify the associations between environmental variables and SARS-CoV-2 transmission/COVID-19 mortality. We examined the associations between climatic variables and SARS-CoV-2 transmission and COVID-19 mortality. doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138997 id = cord-327273-7ntp7x8d author = Street, Renée title = COVID-19 wastewater surveillance: An African perspective date = 2020-07-03 keywords = SARS summary = Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has once again highlighted the importance of access to sufficient quantities of safe water and sanitation in public health. In the current COVID-19 pandemic, an early warning wastewater system has been proposed as a platform for SARS-CoV-2 surveillance, and a potentially important public health strategy to combat the disease. The COVID-19 pandemic has once again highlighted the importance of access to sufficient quantities of safe water, and sanitation in public health. In the current COVID-19 pandemic, tracking of wastewater has been proposed as a platform for SARS-CoV-2 surveillance, and a potentially important public health strategy to combat the disease [11, 12] . Thus SARS-CoV-2 surveillance through water-based epidemiology (WBE) is a potential complimentary and cost-effective approach to enable wide scale screening which would reduce labor intensive and costly personal COVID-19 testing and tracings [11, 17, 18] . Computational analysis of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 surveillance by wastewater-based epidemiology locally and globally: Feasibility, economy, opportunities and challenges doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140719 id = cord-254638-f86irz06 author = Sunday, Michael Oluwatoyin title = A simple, inexpensive method for gas-phase singlet oxygen generation from sensitizer-impregnated filters: Potential application to bacteria/virus inactivation and pollutant degradation date = 2020-07-23 keywords = FFA summary = title: A simple, inexpensive method for gas-phase singlet oxygen generation from sensitizer-impregnated filters: Potential application to bacteria/virus inactivation and pollutant degradation In this study, we found that commercially available filters typically deployed in air purifier and air conditioning units, impregnated with Rose Bengal (RB) as a 1O2 sensitizer, can be used for heterogeneous gas-phase generation of 1O2. The heterogeneous gas-phase generation of 1O2 can find potential applications in air purifier and air conditioning units for the purpose of bacteria/virus inactivation and/or pollutant degradation thereby improving indoor air quality. Although 1 O 2 was not generated in solution in this experiment, but in the gas-phase from the irradiation of RB-treated filter, the determined photoformation rate (calculated in solution) is indicative of the amount of 1 O 2 arriving in the substrate solution. The 1 O 2 in the oxygen gas stream passing through the filter and arriving in the substrate solution was monitored indirectly by following the peaks of FFA degradation and 6-HP-one formation. doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141186 id = cord-330779-mso2zfom author = Sunkari, Emmanuel Daanoba title = Sources and routes of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in water systems in Africa: Are there any sustainable remedies? date = 2020-09-09 keywords = Africa; SARS; water summary = doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142298 id = cord-299889-x6c3p195 author = Tirkolaee, Erfan Babaee title = Sustainable fuzzy multi-trip location-routing problem for the epidemic outbreak of the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) date = 2020-11-10 keywords = COVID-19; waste summary = Therefore, in this study, a novel mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model is developed to formulate the sustainable multi-trip location-routing problem with time windows (MTLRP-TW) for medical waste management in the COVID-19 pandemic. To this end, the sustainable multi-trip location-routing problem with time windows (MTLRP-TW) is introduced to address the collection, transportation and disposal processes considering the priorities of services and available budget of the system. Here to address the sustainable development, the objectives are defined to concurrently minimize the total traveling time of waste-collection vehicles, total violation from time windows (service priorities) and the number of people live around disposal sites. (2012) designed a multi-objective framework for routing of HAZMAT between generating nodes and disposal sites with the aim of total transportation cost and risk minimization. Developing an applied algorithm for multi-trip vehicle routing problem with time windows in urban waste collection: A case study doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143607 id = cord-331069-ioph6vsp author = Tobías, Aurelio title = Evaluation of the lockdowns for the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Italy and Spain after one month follow up date = 2020-07-10 keywords = Italy summary = We have analyzed the trends of incident cases, deaths, and intensive care unit admissions (ICU) in both countries before and after their respective national lockdowns using an interrupted time-series design. During the second lockdown, implementing more restrictive measures for mobility, it has been a change in the trend slopes for both countries in daily incident cases and ICUs. This improvement indicates that the efforts overtaken are being successful in flattening the epidemic curve, and reinforcing the belief that we must hold on. We have analyzed the trends of the daily incident diagnosed cases, deaths, and intensive care units (ICU) admissions for SARS-CoV-2 in Italy and Spain before and during their respective national lockdowns, using an interrupted time-series design (Bernal et al., 2017) . The second lockdown, still ongoing, shows how the trends have changed, with a reduction of daily incident cases, deaths, and more significantly in ICUs. These are of similar magnitude in both countries, although Italy carries a week ahead of Spain. doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138539 id = cord-325479-2r4oomdp author = Torii, Shotaro title = Applicability of polyethylene glycol precipitation followed by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from municipal wastewater date = 2020-10-17 keywords = MS2; RNA; SARS summary = This study aims (1) to compare the whole process recovery of Pseudomonas phage φ6, a surrogate for enveloped viruses, among combinations of primary concentration [ultrafiltration (UF), electronegative membrane vortex (EMV), and polyethylene glycol precipitation (PEG)] and RNA extraction methods (spin column-based method using QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kit and acid guanidinium thiocyanate–phenol–chloroform extraction using TRIzol reagent) for three types of raw sewage and (2) to test the applicability of the method providing the highest φ6 recovery to the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. This study aims (1) to compare the combination of primary concentration (UF, EMV, and PEG) and RNA extraction (QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kit and TRIzol) for the whole process recovery of nonenveloped and enveloped virus surrogates and (2) to test the applicability of the method providing the highest φ6 recovery to detect SARS-CoV-2 doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143067 id = cord-261218-tgbw81ua author = Vardoulakis, Sotiris title = Urban Environmental Health Interventions towards the Sustainable Development Goals date = 2020-08-07 keywords = health summary = Since the majority of the global population lives in cities, it is crucial to identify, evaluate and implement urban interventions (such as such as zero carbon housing, active transport, better urban connectivity, air pollution control, clean household fuels, and protection from heat and flood events) that will improve health and wellbeing and make our natural and built environment more sustainable. Well-planned, sustainable, changes to urban transport, housing, land use, renewable energy generation, and waste management have the potential to lead to improvements in air and water quality and liveability of urban environments providing multiple benefits including improved public health, reduced inequalities and higher productivity in cities . The Healthy-Polis Consortium for Urban Environmental Health and Sustainability (www.healthy-polis.org) aims to contribute to the implementation of the SDGs by identifying and evaluating specific policy initiatives, case studies, evidence gaps, and opportunities for research and translation into environmental public health practice in cities around the world. doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141530 id = cord-350236-7fit8q1s author = Wan, Bin title = On-site analysis of COVID-19 on the surfaces in wards date = 2020-08-18 keywords = COVID-19; surface summary = Herein, surface contamination in the ward was detected on-site using an RNA extraction-free rapid method. (Guo et al., 2020; These researchers confirmed the virus by real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), which typically performs deactivation, nucleic acid extraction, and RT-PCR amplification of the collected samples. Samples were collected from seven sites: 1) bedrail; 2) bedside cupboard; 3) chairs; 4) door handles of the bathroom; 5) light switches; 6) remote controller or beeper; 7) fingertip of electrocardiograph (ECG) monitoring. We successfully applied an extraction-free SARS-Cov-2 isothermal amplification detection method to on-site analysis of surface contamination by COVID-19 patients in wards. Among 31 cases collected from 18 March to 27 April of 2020, 72.7% reported positive amplifications on the ECG fingertip, indicating that this surface is an important hygiene site. -The presence of SARS-CoV-2 in wards was confirmed by nucleic acid isothermal amplification. doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141758 id = cord-321727-xyowl659 author = Wang, Lishi title = Real-time estimation and prediction of mortality caused by COVID-19 with patient information based algorithm date = 2020-07-20 keywords = Hubei; PIBA; Wuhan summary = We report a new methodology, the Patient Information Based Algorithm (PIBA), for estimating the death rate of a disease in real-time using publicly available data collected during an outbreak. PIBA estimated the death rate based on data of the patients in Wuhan and then in other cities throughout China. The death rates based on PIBA were used to predict the daily numbers of deaths since the week of February 25, 2020, in China overall, Hubei province, Wuhan city, and the rest of the country except Hubei province. The PIBA uses patient data in real-time to build a model that estimates and predicts death rates for the near future. Based on the days between confirmation of COVID-19 and the days of death in the hospital, calculated from Wuhan, as mentioned in method 1 and information from the whole country and Hubei Province, we tested the number of days from diagnosis to death, that most likely reflects the actual death rate. doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138394 id = cord-282964-dmc8mlxu author = Wathore, Roshan title = Understanding air and water borne transmission and survival of coronavirus: Insights and way forward for SARS-CoV-2 date = 2020-08-04 keywords = SARS; covid-19 summary = This has spurred efforts to characterize the coronavirus and understand the factors impacting its transmission and survival such as aerosols, air quality, meteorology, chemical compositions and characteristics of particles and surfaces, which are directly or indirectly associated with coronaviruses infection spread. Nonetheless, many peer-reviewed articles have studied these aspects but mostly in isolation; a complete array of coronavirus survival and transmission from an infected individual through airand water-borne channels and its subsequent intractions with environmental factors, surfaces, particulates and chemicals is not comprehensively explored. Finally, this study outlines probable air and water borne routes and suggest a way forward highlighting the need for investigating the effect of particulate matter characteristics on survival and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 due to the prominent presence of PM in ambient, spaces, and on the surfaces. doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141486 id = cord-258595-bk35vxlr author = Westhaus, Sandra title = Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in raw and treated wastewater in Germany – Suitability for COVID-19 surveillance and potential transmission risks date = 2020-08-18 keywords = CoV-2; RNA; SARS; wastewater summary = Inoculation of differentiated Caco-2 cells for ten days with purified and concentrated wastewater (P2, P5, P11, and P12) did not result in the production of infectious SARS-CoV-2 particles (data not shown), which suggests that treated sewage appears to be non-infectious even though viral RNA fragments can be detected. Inter-comparing these nine catchment areas, we plotted the estimated cumulative and the acute prevalence against the measured SARS-CoV-2 load (Figure 8 ), the latter calculated from RT-qPCR measured M-gene copy concentration ( Figure 4 ) and the actual wastewater flow Q actual on the day of sampling (Table 2) . In contrast, plotting the incidence against SARS-CoV-2 concentration did not yield a conclusive correlation (not shown), likely because the precision of the qPCR employed was not sufficient to discriminate relatively minor differences in the incidence prevailing in the studied catchment areas at the time of sampling, ranging from 30 to 174 cases per 100,000 residents (less than an order of magnitude, Figure 8C and D). doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141750 id = cord-265078-u19e9j2w author = Xie, Jingui title = Association between ambient temperature and COVID-19 infection in 122 cities from China date = 2020-07-01 keywords = COVID-19 summary = A generalized additive model (GAM) was applied to explore the nonlinear relationship between mean temperature and COVID-19 confirmed cases. RESULTS: The exposure-response curves suggested that the relationship between mean temperature and COVID-19 confirmed cases was approximately linear in the range of <3 °C and became flat above 3 °C. To provide useful implications for policymakers and the public, our paper aimed to investigate the relationship between daily mean temperature and newly confirmed COVID-19 cases in 122 cities from China. Therefore, in this study, a GAM with a Gaussian distribution family (Hastie, 2017; Liu et al., 2020) was applied to examine the moving average lag effect (lag0-7, lag0-14, lag0-21) of mean temperature on daily confirmed cases of COVID-19. In this paper, we explored the nonlinear relationship between ambient temperature and COVID-19 confirmed cases by using a generalized additive model. doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138201 id = cord-304925-9gvx3swf author = Xie, Zhixiang title = Spatial and temporal differentiation of COVID-19 epidemic spread in mainland China and its influencing factors date = 2020-07-14 keywords = Wuhan; covid-19; epidemic summary = Abstract This paper uses the exploratory spatial data analysis and the geodetector method to analyze the spatial and temporal differentiation characteristics and the influencing factors of the COVID-19 (corona virus disease 2019) epidemic spread in mainland China based on the cumulative confirmed cases, average temperature, and socio-economic data. Thus, we selected the indicators reflecting the population distribution, population inflow from Wuhan, traffic accessibility, economic connection intensity, average temperature, and medical facilities conditions J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f as the detection factors (Table 2) , and the epidemic spread rate as the detected factor to assess the formation mechanism for the spatial pattern of COVID-19 epidemic. Specifically, the influence of the population distribution (X1) on the spatial distribution of the epidemic spread rate was significantly different from the population inflow from Wuhan (X2), economic connection intensity (X4), and average temperature (X5), but not different from the traffic accessibility (X3) and medical facility conditions (X6). doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140929 id = cord-350714-zfprrxt4 author = Yao, Ye title = Association of particulate matter pollution and case fatality rate of COVID-19 in 49 Chinese cities date = 2020-06-20 keywords = COVID-19 summary = doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140396 id = cord-327628-fl8dyahe author = Yuan, Qi title = Spatiotemporal variations and reduction of air pollutants during the COVID-19 pandemic in a megacity of Yangtze River Delta in China date = 2020-08-20 keywords = COVID; Hangzhou summary = The three-month period of continuous field observations for aerosol particles and gaseous pollutants, which extended from January 2020 to March 2020, covered urban, urban-industry, and suburban areas in the typical megacity of Hangzhou in the Yangtze River Delta in eastern China. Note that this public health emergency not only locked down people in the community but stopped the operation of the public traffic system and industry machine, which caused a short-term regional reduction of air pollutant emissions from vehicles and some industries in China (Huang et al., 2020b; Shi and Brasseur, 2020; The strictest nationwide restrictions for preventing the COVID-19 spread greatly reduced the primary emissions and weakened the regional transport effect of air pollutants due to the large-scale regional decrease in the primary pollution (Huang et al., 2020b; Zhang et al., 2020b) . During the observation period, the daily average mass concentrations of PM 10 , concentrations of PM 2.5 , NO x , and CO at the urban site were higher than those at the urban-industry and suburban sites (Table S2) , which suggests that vehicle emissions was the major source of air pollutants in the urban area. doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141820 id = cord-308086-jycvupy4 author = Zambrano-Monserrate, Manuel A. title = Indirect effects of COVID-19 on the environment date = 2020-04-20 keywords = waste summary = Abstract This research aims to show the positive and negative indirect effects of COVID-19 on the environment, particularly in the most affected countries such as China, USA, Italy, and Spain. On the other hand, there are also negative secondary aspects such as the reduction in recycling and the increase in waste, further endangering the contamination of physical spaces (water and land), in addition to air. Global economic activity is expected to return in the coming months in most countries (even if slowly), so decreasing GHG concentrations during a short period is not a sustainable way to clean up our environment. Along these same lines, the UN Environment Program urged governments to treat waste management, including medical, domestic, and other waste, as an urgent and essential public service to minimize possible secondary health and environmental effects (ARCplus, 2020). Decreasing GHG concentrations during a short period is not a sustainable way to clean up our environment. doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138813 id = cord-338243-njkhwkwk author = Zhang, Dayi title = Potential spreading risks and disinfection challenges of medical wastewater by the presence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral RNA in septic tanks of Fangcang Hospital date = 2020-06-23 keywords = CoV-2; SARS summary = title: Potential spreading risks and disinfection challenges of medical wastewater by the presence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral RNA in septic tanks of Fangcang Hospital In this study, we evaluated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA in septic tanks of Wuchang Cabin Hospital and found a striking high level of (0.5–18.7) × 103 copies/L after disinfection with sodium hypochlorite. In septic tanks, disinfection achieved free chlorine > 6.5 mg/L for 1.5 hours when the dosage of sodium hypochlorite was 800 g/m 3 , meeting well with the guideline for emergency treatment of medical sewage containing SARS-CoV-2 suggested by China CDC. Septic tanks can behave as a long-term source J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f to release SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA into waters when disinfection is not sufficient and challenges public health via potentially spreading viruses in drainage pipelines. doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140445 id = cord-298990-bjv6xnqp author = Zhang, Minsi title = A health-based assessment of particulate air pollution in urban areas of Beijing in 2000–2004 date = 2007-04-15 keywords = Beijing; China summary = Relevant research has been carried out in some cities and countries around the world (Beirut, Lebanon: El-Fadel and Massoud, 2000; Singapore: Quah and Boon, 2003; Shanghai, China: Kan and Chen, 2004) , indicating that the total economic cost of PM accounted for 4.31% and 1.03% of the gross domestic product (GDP) of Singapore and Shanghai, respectively. The health effects of PM 10 include mortality, especially from cardiovascular and respiratory problems, and morbidity, e.g., acute and chronic bronchitis and asthma attacks, accompanied by outpatient visits to internal medicine and pediatrics and hospital admission (Pope et al., 1995a) . (2003) showed that even the levels of particulate air pollution in Sydney were relatively low, e.g., the PM 10 concentrations ranged only in 16-26 μg m − 3 , it was still found the PM pollution were consistently associated with both daily mortality and hospital admissions, which indicated no threshold concentrations for health effects were present. doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.01.085 id = cord-269423-p73bszlq author = Zhao, Fei title = Ozone profile retrievals from TROPOMI: Implication for the variation of tropospheric ozone during the outbreak of COVID-19 in China date = 2020-10-13 keywords = China; TROPOMI; ozone summary = This paper presents ozone profiles and tropospheric ozone columns from ultraviolet radiances detected by TROPOospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) onboard Sentinel 5 Precursor (S5P) satellite based on the principle of optimal estimation method. The purpose of this paper is to describe the inversion algorithm of TROPOMI ozone profile and validate the results using various in-situ measurements as well as satellite data, which is further used to evaluate the variation of tropospheric ozone in different regions in China. This paper proceeds as follows: section 2 introduces the retrieval algorithm and TROPOMI L1b data, description of the forward model, retrieval scheme and examination of different slit function impacts on the reduction of fitting residuals and radiometric calibration and evaluate the effect of soft calibration by comparison of spectral fitting residuals with and without correction at all latitudes. doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142886 id = cord-347613-tjeo62dv author = da Silva, Priscilla Gomes title = Corrigendum to “Viral, host and environmental factors that favor anthropozoonotic spillover of coronaviruses: An opinionated review, focusing on SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2”[Sci. Total Environ. 750 (2021) 141483] date = 2020-09-10 keywords = SARS summary = In this study, HeLa cells that expressed or did not express ACE2 proteins from humans, Chinese horseshoe bats, civets, pigs and mice were used, and it was found that SARS-CoV-2 is able to use all ACE2 proteins (except for mouse ACE2) as an entry receptor to enter ACE2-expressing cells, but it could not enter cells that did not express ACE2, indicating that ACE2 is probably the cell receptor through which SARS-CoV-2 enters cells (Zhou et al., 2020) . This and other bat-coronaviruses share 88-92% nucleotide sequence homology with SARS-CoV-1 (Ye et al., 2020) , leading scientists to believe that SARS-CoV was transmitted directly to humans from wet market civets, with bats as the main reservoir hosts (Cui et al., 2019; Hu et al., 2017) ". Discovery of a rich gene pool of bat SARS-related coronaviruses provides new insights into the origin of SARS coronavirus doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142123 id = cord-350925-1h6pbfwp author = da Silva, Priscilla Gomes title = Airborne spread of infectious SARS-CoV-2: moving forward using lessons from SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV date = 2020-10-08 keywords = MERS; SARS; virus summary = doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142802