Summary of your 'study carrel' ============================== This is a summary of your Distant Reader 'study carrel'. The Distant Reader harvested & cached your content into a collection/corpus. It then applied sets of natural language processing and text mining against the collection. The results of this process was reduced to a database file -- a 'study carrel'. The study carrel can then be queried, thus bringing light specific characteristics for your collection. These characteristics can help you summarize the collection as well as enumerate things you might want to investigate more closely. This report is a terse narrative report, and when processing is complete you will be linked to a more complete narrative report. Eric Lease Morgan Number of items in the collection; 'How big is my corpus?' ---------------------------------------------------------- 53 Average length of all items measured in words; "More or less, how big is each item?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2948 Average readability score of all items (0 = difficult; 100 = easy) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 47 Top 50 statistically significant keywords; "What is my collection about?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27 COVID-19 18 SARS 12 patient 11 covid-19 3 cancer 3 ACE2 2 China 1 virus 1 therapy 1 study 1 status 1 resident 1 prone 1 polycythemia 1 pcr 1 pandemic 1 medical 1 infection 1 immune 1 home 1 high 1 education 1 coronavirus 1 chinese 1 care 1 british 1 antibody 1 Xiaogan 1 TTS 1 TTE 1 Shelter 1 Russia 1 RNA 1 Pseudomonas 1 PRES 1 PCR 1 Mr. 1 March 1 MRI 1 MERS 1 IVIG 1 ITP 1 INR 1 ICU 1 Hospital 1 Fangcang 1 EEG 1 CoV-2 1 COV-2 1 CNS Top 50 lemmatized nouns; "What is discussed?" --------------------------------------------- 1900 patient 718 disease 716 % 691 infection 635 case 582 study 476 coronavirus 395 treatment 394 virus 344 risk 284 pandemic 277 cell 266 day 258 syndrome 247 symptom 239 therapy 239 cancer 206 system 200 care 191 time 190 hospital 189 protein 184 analysis 181 datum 179 antibody 178 test 176 level 175 author 167 response 167 rate 166 outbreak 166 mortality 164 blood 160 factor 160 effect 159 review 154 report 153 pneumonia 152 use 151 result 143 age 142 receptor 141 death 129 outcome 127 management 123 year 123 article 122 child 119 group 118 period Top 50 proper nouns; "What are the names of persons or places?" -------------------------------------------------------------- 1013 COVID-19 773 SARS 537 CoV-2 217 China 149 Wuhan 128 ACE2 111 CT 108 al 98 CoV 87 et 85 March 82 Fig 80 PCR 75 ICU 75 CI 73 Italy 69 ITP 69 ED 67 May 67 Compr 66 SN 65 Coronavirus 65 . 64 Health 63 April 58 RT 57 RNA 54 Med 54 Clin 53 BCG 51 February 50 mg 49 Nature 48 Springer 48 Note 48 MERS 47 Hospital 46 DOI 44 ARDS 43 January 42 IVIG 41 S 41 ARIMA 40 Society 38 ritonavir 38 Table 38 CKD 37 T 36 sha 35 World Top 50 personal pronouns nouns; "To whom are things referred?" ------------------------------------------------------------- 376 it 289 we 127 they 57 them 57 she 45 he 28 i 14 you 14 us 12 itself 4 themselves 3 him 2 ourselves 1 her Top 50 lemmatized verbs; "What do things do?" --------------------------------------------- 4485 be 1083 have 320 show 271 report 253 include 225 use 201 associate 183 increase 165 cause 156 consider 154 do 149 compare 144 infect 127 confirm 126 follow 126 develop 117 present 116 base 109 require 108 lead 107 find 102 perform 100 publish 99 need 96 suggest 92 remain 88 reduce 86 give 84 observe 84 hospitalize 84 accord 83 provide 80 covid-19 80 affect 74 indicate 73 relate 73 know 72 treat 71 test 70 take 70 result 67 control 66 involve 66 die 66 decrease 66 admit 65 improve 65 describe 65 declare 61 make Top 50 lemmatized adjectives and adverbs; "How are things described?" --------------------------------------------------------------------- 430 covid-19 421 clinical 404 not 397 respiratory 378 high 358 severe 322 - 295 also 270 acute 266 more 234 other 212 viral 203 such 173 positive 172 medical 172 immune 157 low 154 human 153 however 148 novel 145 first 137 only 134 negative 129 old 128 early 124 most 120 well 118 new 115 significant 109 common 103 non 96 cardiovascular 94 therefore 89 many 89 asymptomatic 86 retrospective 85 inflammatory 85 important 84 pulmonary 82 further 81 current 81 chronic 80 several 78 pediatric 78 different 76 as 75 mild 75 available 73 therapeutic 71 possible Top 50 lemmatized superlative adjectives; "How are things described to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 29 most 23 good 16 least 11 high 11 Most 9 bad 7 late 7 large 4 frail'best 4 common 3 low 3 great 2 young 2 strong 2 safe 2 big 1 small 1 short 1 old 1 long 1 less/ 1 hard Top 50 lemmatized superlative adverbs; "How do things do to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 95 most 18 least 2 worst 1 well 1 hard Top 50 Internet domains; "What Webbed places are alluded to in this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 creativecommons.org 5 www.cdc.gov 4 www.who.int 3 www 2 doi.org 2 coronavirus.jhu.edu 1 www.worldometers.info 1 www.strobe-statement.org 1 www.recoverytrial.net 1 www.r-project.org 1 www.newscientist 1 www.ncbi 1 www.gisaid.org 1 www.facs.org 1 www.bloomberg.com 1 www.americanbrachytherapy.org 1 www.alnap.org Top 50 URLs; "What is hyperlinked from this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------- 6 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 3 http://www 2 http://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/ 2 http://coronavirus.jhu.edu/ 1 http://www.worldometers.info/ 1 http://www.who.int/emergencies/mers-cov/ 1 http://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novelcoronavirus-2019 1 http://www.who.int/docs/ 1 http://www.who.int/ 1 http://www.strobe-statement.org/ 1 http://www.recoverytrial.net/ 1 http://www.r-project.org 1 http://www.newscientist 1 http://www.ncbi 1 http://www.gisaid.org/CoV2020/ 1 http://www.facs.org/ 1 http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6912e2 1 http://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/needextra-precautions/people-at-higher-risk.html 1 http://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov 1 http://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2020-05-07/ 1 http://www.americanbrachytherapy.org/about-abs/abs-news/abs-statement-on-coronavirus/ 1 http://www.alnap.org/help-library/handbook-of-covid-19prevention-and-treatment 1 http://doi.org/10.1007/s42399-020-00597-2 1 http://doi.org/10.1007/s42399-020-00382-1 Top 50 email addresses; "Who are you gonna call?" ------------------------------------------------- 1 ylhena@163.com 1 yanqinqin699@163.com 1 veronika.krasnanova@gmail.com 1 sanyakunle@hotmail.com 1 mingming8909@163.com 1 drahmedfali@gmail.com 1 a17742321665@163.com Top 50 positive assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-noun?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 symptoms were more 4 covid-19 was positively 4 studies have also 3 cov-2 is essential 3 covid-19 is mainly 3 data was then 3 patient was subsequently 3 patients had at 2 care includes patients 2 cov-2 is highly 2 cov-2 is not 2 cov-2 is still 2 covid-19 is currently 2 covid-19 is more 2 covid-19 is not 2 covid-19 was initially 2 data are available 2 patient developed high 2 patient developed hyperthermia 2 patient did not 2 patient had normal 2 patient is asymptomatic 2 patient was afebrile 2 patients are more 2 patients are not 2 patients had positive 2 patients had significantly 2 patients needing treatment 2 patients requiring transfer 2 patients showed high 2 protein is responsible 2 risk are still 2 study is not 2 symptoms did not 2 test was negative 2 tests were negative 2 treatment was effective 2 treatments are mostly 1 % developed acute 1 % developed granulomatous 1 % had cerebrovascular 1 % had coronary 1 % had heart 1 % had multiple 1 % had pneumonia 1 % increased age 1 % showed bilateral 1 % suggests significant 1 % used chinese 1 analysis are not Top 50 negative assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-no|not-noun?" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 analysis are not available 1 antibody is not always 1 cases was not adequate 1 cov-2 is not always 1 cov-2 is not surprising 1 covid-19 is not fully 1 disease are not only 1 infection is no greater 1 patient did not first 1 patient does not currently 1 patient had no exact 1 patient had no history 1 patients are not only 1 patients found no association 1 patients had no underlying 1 studies report no significant 1 studies showed no significant 1 study is not essential 1 study showed no significant 1 systems is not uncommon A rudimentary bibliography -------------------------- id = cord-300866-cso6l6ze author = Bao, Yi title = Clinical Features of COVID-19 in a Young Man with Massive Cerebral Hemorrhage—Case Report date = 2020-05-23 keywords = COVID-19; SARS; patient summary = doi = 10.1007/s42399-020-00315-y id = cord-269425-e9iyso7n author = Bhattacharjee, Sukrita title = Immune Thrombocytopenia Secondary to COVID-19: a Systematic Review date = 2020-09-19 keywords = COVID-19; ITP; immune; patient summary = A systematic review was done to analyze the clinical profile and outcomes in a total of 45 cases of new-onset ITP in COVID-19 patients described in literature until date. Diagnosis of ITP in patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 poses a major diagnostic as well as therapeutic challenge to clinicians owing to presence of multiple concomitant conditions including HLH, DIC, sepsis, antibiotic use, heparin prophylaxis, and thromboembolic events. The following data were extracted from the included studies: age of the patient at presentation, gender, COVID-19 illness severity, comorbidities, medication use, nadir platelet count, onset of COVID-19 symptoms to diagnosis of ITP, bleeding manifestations of ITP, time to recovery from start of treatment, and clinical outcomes. Bone marrow study in these few selected cases of ITP would reveal low number of megakaryocytes, as seen in one patient of this review, who presented with severe thrombocytopenia (count 2 × 10 9 /μL) [7] . doi = 10.1007/s42399-020-00521-8 id = cord-035099-8yk0dzxf author = Brika, Marine title = Geriatric Rehabilitation and COVID-19: a Case Report date = 2020-11-09 keywords = Mr.; covid-19 summary = The assessment process of this patient has been supported by an innovative multi-systemic tool developed in view of the COVID-19 clinical consequences and a systemic evaluation of motor functions by the Frail''BESTest. Aged adults who survive COVID-19 could present several frailty criteria following respiratory distress and may sometimes need to spend several days in an intensive care unit. Considering the physiotherapeutic diagnosis of Mr. P, as well as the agespecific lung physiology of the patient [26] , some cardiopulmonary rehabilitation exercises allowing both the maintenance of ventilator functions and the improvement of hematosis can be proposed. The four assessments performed by the specific COVID-19 evaluation showed an overall improvement of the patient in several functions. In our opinion, it is important to understand that the issue is not only to rescue a patient from their acute respiratory problem, but more so to prevent the functional dependency associated with the infection''s consequences, especially in intensive care units where chronic diseases are frequently acquired. doi = 10.1007/s42399-020-00613-5 id = cord-011297-4um9w2dx author = Brunker, Lucille title = New-Onset Refractory Status Epilepticus with Underlying Autoimmune Etiology: a Case Report date = 2019-11-28 keywords = EEG; patient; status summary = doi = 10.1007/s42399-019-00185-z id = cord-285748-us5do6c2 author = Cheng, Yongqian title = SARS-CoV-2-Related Kidney Injury: Current Concern and Challenges date = 2020-09-23 keywords = ACE2; CKD; SARS; covid-19 summary = Currently, the diagnosis and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are still unclear. Here, we review the recent findings of characteristics of COVID-19 in CKD patients and highlight the possible mechanisms of kidney injury caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Controversial results also exist like another study [18] indicating that SARS-CoV-2 infection was not found significantly correlated with incremental acute renal injury or aggravate chronic kidney failure in the COVID-19 patients. Therefore, SARS-CoV-2 infection in kidney transplant patients from this study showed that such cases may be severe enough requiring intensive care admission and these patients are in high risk of disease progression and death. Another study based on single-cell analysis by Lin and colleagues [28] also found that ACE2 was enriched in proximal tubular cells which may indicate that the kidney is more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. doi = 10.1007/s42399-020-00529-0 id = cord-262945-zfcz0hpd author = Chow, Lai Chee title = Thrombosis and Bleeding as Presentation of COVID-19 Infection with Polycythemia Vera. A Case Report date = 2020-10-04 keywords = covid-19; polycythemia summary = doi = 10.1007/s42399-020-00537-0 id = cord-340305-jtvn9tlm author = Cimolai, Nevio title = A Minimalist Strategy Towards Temporarily Defining Protection for COVID-19 date = 2020-09-19 keywords = COVID-19; CoV-2; SARS; antibody summary = doi = 10.1007/s42399-020-00533-4 id = cord-295500-j84v1k1o author = Conway, J. title = Chinese and British Hospitalised Patients with COVID-19—a Comparative Case Series Analysis date = 2020-07-18 keywords = british; chinese summary = doi = 10.1007/s42399-020-00414-w id = cord-288732-k763ejqb author = ElMajjaoui, Sanaa title = COVID-19, Brachytherapy, and Gynecologic Cancers: a Moroccan Experience date = 2020-07-15 keywords = cancer; covid-19 summary = More recently, the American Brachytherapy Society published some clarifications in this regard and international expert consensus recommendations of radiation therapy for gynecologic malignancies during the COVID-19 pandemic were published (https://www.americanbrachytherapy.org/about-abs/abs-news/abs-statement-on-coronavirus/, Gynecol Oncol 15, 2020). In the majority of cases, the treatment is based on EBRT (exclusive in early stages and with concurrent chemotherapy in locally advanced stages), followed by intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT) which constitutes a cornerstone in its management [4] . For patients over 70 years of age or with significant comorbidities (chronic respiratory or cardiac pathology, immunosuppression, etc.) who have small tumors or responding well to external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), a more shortened schedule of 9 Gy per fraction in 2 fractions at 1 week apart may be considered. Efficacy and toxicity of concomitant cisplatin with external beam pelvic radiotherapy and two high-dose-rate brachytherapy insertions for the treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer doi = 10.1007/s42399-020-00402-0 id = cord-273459-3686wv7v author = Fang, Lanlan title = Analysis and Estimation of COVID-19 Spreading in Russia Based on ARIMA Model date = 2020-10-09 keywords = ARIMA; Russia summary = doi = 10.1007/s42399-020-00555-y id = cord-310084-taaz6mhs author = Fatehi, Poya title = Acute Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke and COVID-19: Case Series date = 2020-10-01 keywords = COVID-19; patient summary = doi = 10.1007/s42399-020-00559-8 id = cord-335095-epsi5qq7 author = Feng, Gong title = Clinical Features of COVID-19 Patients in Xiaogan City date = 2020-08-24 keywords = COVID-19; Xiaogan; patient summary = Moreover, the smooth curve fitting graph reflected that the severity of COVID-19 was positively correlated with both age and CRP levels (all P value < 0.05). But the studies exploring the relationship between age, CRP levels, and the severity of COVID-19, especially by the means of smooth curve fitting, are lacking. Thus, we describe the clinical characteristics as well as laboratory findings of COVID-19 patients residing in Xiaogan City, so as to have an insight regarding the prevention as well as treatment of COVID-19, and simultaneously explore the relationship between age, CRP levels, and the severity of COVID-19, thereby exploring the indicators for predicting the severity of COVID-19. Compared with the initial COVID-19 patients observed in Wuhan, in terms of disease symptoms and severity, the patients from Xiaogan City, in our study, were relatively moderate, but we could not neglect asymptomatic or mild patients. doi = 10.1007/s42399-020-00465-z id = cord-303731-yrlzxtbw author = Fong, Raymond title = Management of Dysphagia in Nursing Homes During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Strategies and Experiences date = 2020-08-18 keywords = covid-19; home; resident summary = doi = 10.1007/s42399-020-00464-0 id = cord-336689-z3ayolzb author = Gaur, Uma title = Challenges and Opportunities of Preclinical Medical Education: COVID-19 Crisis and Beyond date = 2020-09-22 keywords = COVID-19; education; medical summary = We searched relevant literature in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar using specific keywords, e.g., "COVID-19 pandemic," "preclinical medical education," "online learning," "remote learning," "challenges," and "opportunities." The pandemic has posed several challenges to premedical education (e.g., suspension of face-to-face teaching, lack of cadaveric dissections, and practical/laboratory sessions) but has provided many opportunities as well, such as the incorporation of online learning in the curriculum and upskilling and reskilling in new technologies. New strategies are emerging in the preclinical phase that integrates technology to make learning effective and appealing to students, [7] [8] [9] , making them more relevant and applicable for remote learning during the current COVID-19 pandemic. [40] also warned: "The COVID-19 pandemic will not be the last major infectious disease that puts learners at risk." However, many medical schools have successfully transitioned their teaching and learning environment to emergency remote learning, having monitored and examined student and staff readiness, and completed online formative and summative exams both in preclinical and clinical years. doi = 10.1007/s42399-020-00528-1 id = cord-351531-wo1ggmmn author = Giustiniano, Enrico title = Trans-thoracic Echocardiography in Prone Positioning COVID-19 Patients: a Small Case Series date = 2020-09-15 keywords = TTE; patient; prone summary = doi = 10.1007/s42399-020-00516-5 id = cord-255047-0kr4y753 author = Goletti, Orlando title = Factors Affecting Mortality in 1022 COVID-19 Patients Referred to an Emergency Department in Bergamo during the Peak of the Pandemic date = 2020-08-17 keywords = AAUL-2; COVID-19 summary = doi = 10.1007/s42399-020-00444-4 id = cord-273829-t5cuop5c author = Görgülü, Özkan title = rRT-PCR Results of a Covid-19 Diagnosed Geriatric Patient date = 2020-10-17 keywords = COVID-19; pcr summary = Therefore, the COVID-19 pandemic control and filiation evaluation with the rRT-PCR test may produce false negative results. Patient with positive Covid-19 IgM Rapid Test performed on May 19, 2020, was subjected to the rRT-PCR test, repeated twice on the 19th of May which also resulted in positive. The nucleic acid test functions as the gold standard method for confirming the SARS-COV-2 infection; however, some recent studies have detected false negative results of real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) [4] . Similar to our case, there are case reports of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test initially false negative and later positive in the literature [11] . Therefore, it can be argued that COVID-19 pandemic control and filiation evaluation with the rRT-PCR test may produce false negative results. A case report of COVID-19 with false negative RT-PCR test: necessity of chest CT doi = 10.1007/s42399-020-00590-9 id = cord-320612-vam0bli3 author = Höring, Steffen title = Management of a Hospital-Wide COVID-19 Outbreak Affecting Patients and Healthcare Workers date = 2020-10-26 keywords = April; SARS; patient summary = Here, we report a large nosocomial outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 that occurred at a satellite hospital of the University Hospital Aachen, Germany, with 26 patients and 21 healthcare workers infected. Considering the numerous COVID-19 cases among patients and HCW, a hospital-wide screening was initiated on April 8 for all remaining SARS-CoV-2-negative patients and entire hospital staff. On the other hand, we analyzed the first cases among hospital staff, starting with the potential index nurse tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 on the 6th of April. By the time the outbreak emerged, the hospital policy already comprised preemptive infection control measures in order to prevent intrahospital spread of SARS-CoV-2. The second route of transmission addressed by our measures was infected HCW, who potentially spread SARS-CoV-2 to patients as well as to their co-workers. In the post-outbreak period, we have continued to screen all patients on their day of admission and all geriatric inpatients once weekly for SARS-CoV-2 in order to detect new cases timely. doi = 10.1007/s42399-020-00597-2 id = cord-268617-1t7yaoct author = Ismaili, Nabil title = COVID-19 and Gynecological Cancers: A Summary of International Recommendations date = 2020-08-31 keywords = COVID-19; cancer; high; patient summary = doi = 10.1007/s42399-020-00475-x id = cord-295041-5vpawtef author = Jakhmola, Shweta title = SARS-CoV-2, an Underestimated Pathogen of the Nervous System date = 2020-09-28 keywords = ACE-2; CNS; COVID-19; SARS; virus summary = Numerous clinical studies have reported neurological symptoms in COVID-19 patients since the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), apart from the atypical signs of pneumonia. Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2), a potential receptor for SARS-CoV-2 entry, is expressed on various brain cells and cerebral parts, i.e., subfornical organ, paraventricular nucleus, nucleus of the tractus solitarius, and rostral ventrolateral medulla, as well as in non-cardiovascular areas such as the motor cortex and raphe. The resident CNS cells like astrocytes and microglia also express ACE-2, thus highlighting the vulnerability of the nervous system to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of COVID-19 patients is confirmed through genome sequencing [4] ; however, experimental evidence is needed to validate virusmediated neurological damage. Furthermore, the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 and ACE-2-expressing neuronal/glial cells may facilitate virus entry into the nervous system through different routes. doi = 10.1007/s42399-020-00522-7 id = cord-341987-lsvifqyo author = Kalyanasundaram, Sridhar title = Novel Corona Virus Pandemic and Neonatal Care: It’s Too Early to Speculate on Impact! date = 2020-08-03 keywords = SARS; covid-19; infection summary = doi = 10.1007/s42399-020-00440-8 id = cord-317956-srbualjc author = Klang, Eyal title = Sex Differences in Age and Comorbidities for COVID-19 Mortality in Urban New York City date = 2020-08-09 keywords = COVID-19 summary = The aim of this study was to compare age and comorbidities between women and men who died from COVID-19. We used a multivariable logistic regression model to identify independently significant variables associated with gender in patients who died from COVID-19. In the multivariable model, cardiovascular comorbidities were not significantly different between women and men. This study demonstrates that women who died of COVID-19 showed a similar cardiovascular disease profile as men. The present study was designed to compare age and comorbidities between women and men who died from COVID-19. Univariate analysis compared age and comorbidities between men and women who died from COVID-19. This study demonstrates that in patients who died from COVID-19, no significant difference was noted between cardiac morbidity and gender. Our study is limited to an assessment of gender differences among patients who have died from COVID-19 without considering the comorbidity rate of men versus women in the general population. doi = 10.1007/s42399-020-00430-w id = cord-029137-mck5cmn7 author = Krasnanova, Veronika title = Tigecycline Therapy for Multi-drug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Sepsis Associated with Multi-organ Failure in an Infant with Persistent Arterial Duct. Case Report date = 2020-07-13 keywords = Pseudomonas; therapy summary = doi = 10.1007/s42399-020-00395-w id = cord-318542-785hnh19 author = Leeson, Cale E. title = Systematic Review: Safety of Intravesical Therapy for Bladder Cancer in the Era of COVID-19 date = 2020-08-18 keywords = BCG; COVID-19 summary = doi = 10.1007/s42399-020-00461-3 id = cord-254631-80sg4uvd author = Llansó, Laura title = Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in COVID-19 Disease: a Case-Report date = 2020-08-26 keywords = COVID-19; PRES summary = Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinical syndrome that can include headache, altered consciousness, visual disturbances, and seizures, usually related to autoregulatory cerebral failure and hypertension. We present a case of a 66-year-old woman with severe pneumonia by SARS-CoV-2 who developed a posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome with a typical clinical and radiological presentation, after being treated with anti-interleukin treatment (anakinra and tocilizumab) following local guidelines. We report a case of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in a patient with COVID-19 disease, possibly related to anti-IL-1 or anti-IL-6, suggesting that anti-interleukin treatments may cause this syndrome, at least in patients with predisposing conditions such as infections and hydroelectrolytic disorders. Considering the infectious background, the immunomodulatory treatments, modest hypertension in the hours before the symptoms, and the distribution of the lesions on the CT scan, the most likely diagnosis is posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] . Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: associated clinical and radiologic findings doi = 10.1007/s42399-020-00470-2 id = cord-344217-kci4uw7u author = Majid, Sabhiya title = Managing the COVID-19 Pandemic: Research Strategies Based on the Evolutionary and Molecular Characteristics of Coronaviruses date = 2020-08-25 keywords = ACE2; COVID-19; MERS; SARS; coronavirus summary = Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an ongoing global health emergency, is a highly transmittable and pathogenic viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Coronaviruses (CoVs) have emerged as a major public health concern having caused three zoonotic outbreaks; severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV (SARS-CoV) in 2002–2003, Middle East respiratory syndrome-CoV (MERS-CoV) in 2012, and currently this devastating COVID-19. Beta coronaviruses are a subgroup of the coronavirus family, large enveloped positive-sense singlestranded RNA (+ssRNA) viruses able to infect a wide variety of mammals and avian species, causing mainly respiratory or enteric diseases [2] . The disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 has been named COVID-19, a highly transmittable and pathogenic respiratory infection, which has become a public health emergency of international concern as no clinically approved antiviral drug or vaccine is available-though few broad spectrum antiviral drugs and drug combinations in clinical trials have resulted in clinical recovery [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] . doi = 10.1007/s42399-020-00457-z id = cord-270645-tzctvs9q author = Martelletti, Luigi title = Air Pollution and the Novel Covid-19 Disease: a Putative Disease Risk Factor date = 2020-04-15 keywords = SARS summary = This study analyzed the correlation between the increment of the API (Air Pollution Index) and the rate of fatality due to SARS across 5 regions in China. In 2017, Ciencewicki and Jaspers conducted an epidemiological analysis regarding air pollution and respiratory viral infections which noted positive correlation between the high level of particulate matter (PM) in some urban areas and mortality due to cardiovascular and respiratory conditions. A recent study from the SIMA (Società Italiana di Medicina Ambientale) reported that the specificity of the high spread of the contagious virus in some areas of Northern Italy is likely to be linked to air pollution conditions. The above studies show that air pollutants, such as particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide, are most likely direct to facilitate the longevity of virus particles in favorable climate conditions. Air pollution and case fatality of SARS in the People''s Republic of China: an ecologic study doi = 10.1007/s42399-020-00274-4 id = cord-322596-vfmzk2el author = Ming, Yi title = Involvement of Spike Protein, Furin, and ACE2 in SARS-CoV-2-Related Cardiovascular Complications date = 2020-07-11 keywords = ACE2; COVID-19; SARS summary = doi = 10.1007/s42399-020-00400-2 id = cord-337026-osgi06o4 author = Panoutsopoulos, Alexios A. title = Conjunctivitis as a Sentinel of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: a Need of Revision for Mild Symptoms date = 2020-06-19 keywords = COVID-19; RNA; SARS summary = Given the uprising number of publications and case reports of COVID-19 patients showing conjunctivitis [61, 62] and the history of other coronaviruses that are found in tears, we have to consider the possibility of a separate, alternative viral mechanism through which the virus can enter the patient''s organism through epithelial cells of the eye [63] . The growing evidence on COVID-19 and its ocular implications and manifestations, in both animals and humans, is covered by many interesting reviews, all published 5 to 6 months after the novel coronavirus'' outbreak [64] [65] [66] [67] [68] , something that reveals the need to understand the virus from different perspectiveswhich at first may have seemed secondary in priority-in order to be able to reach a treatment. doi = 10.1007/s42399-020-00360-7 id = cord-352642-u513wnu1 author = Patrocínio de Jesus, Rita title = Reactivation of SARS-CoV-2 after Asymptomatic Infection while on High-Dose Corticosteroids. Case Report date = 2020-10-02 keywords = COVID-19; SARS summary = After reviewing this case in light of current evidence and debates surrounding SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR results, we hypothesize that patients on corticosteroids may have particular viral shedding dynamics and should prompt a more conservative approach in regard to isolation discontinuation and monitoring. Since the identification of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as the cause of the disease which was later named COVID-19, and as it progressed to the current worldwide pandemic, much investigation has been made regarding its clinical presentation, transmission route, and immunity. This could point either to a reactivation of the disease in a patient who first presented as asymptomatic or to a long incubation period (18 days from risk contact until developing symptoms, with a CT performed 3 days prior to the onset of symptoms showing an evolving disease, which is consistent with previous studies reporting typical radiological findings of COVID-19 in asymptomatic or presymptomatic patients [2] ). doi = 10.1007/s42399-020-00548-x id = cord-284734-qioy7eso author = Pourahmad, Ramtin title = Efficacy of Plasmapheresis and Immunoglobulin Replacement Therapy (IVIG) on Patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-07-31 keywords = COVID-19; IVIG; SARS summary = According to recent observations about different modalities in treatment of patients infected with COVID-19, plasmapheresis and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) have been reported to be an effective empirical therapeutic option to control the infection. According to the medical experiences in the treatment of patients infected with other members of coronavirus family such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, plasmapheresis and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) have been reported to be an effective empirical therapeutic option to control the infection [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] . As the world confronting a pandemic due to SARS-CoV-2, immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IVIG) could be an ideal option for prevention and treatment of COVID-19 disease. According to the reports, China has used immunoglobulin replacement therapy on several COVID-19 patients during the outbreak of this novel coronavirus which showed promising results [46] . The use of convalescent plasma therapy and remdesivir in the successful management of a critically ill obstetric patient with novel coronavirus 2019 infection: a case report. doi = 10.1007/s42399-020-00438-2 id = cord-276132-tv5y1eqc author = Ray, Upasana title = COVID-19: The Impact in Oncology Care date = 2020-10-23 keywords = SARS; cancer; care; covid-19; patient summary = The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed a critical challenge to the current oncology care and practices including late diagnoses, delayed anti-cancer treatment, and static clinical trials. Delaying anti-cancer treatment in the ongoing pandemic cannot be recommended as a sensible choice to reduce the associated infection risk in patients. The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) recommends that in cancer patients diagnosed with the infection, the immunosuppressive therapies should be withheld until the symptoms resolve like complete remission of fever without use of antipyretics along with a negative COVID-19 test. Nevertheless, contact limitation and physical distancing guidelines continue to be an important part of the cancer treatment strategies during the pandemic in order to protect the patients, health-care personnel and non-COVID-19 patients being treated in the same organization. A practical approach to the management of cancer patients during the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: an international collaborative group Clinical characteristics of COVID-19-infected cancer patients: a retrospective case study in three hospitals within Wuhan doi = 10.1007/s42399-020-00592-7 id = cord-347926-63w578b2 author = Ruan, Pei-sen title = COVID-19 in Children: Clinical Characteristics and Follow-Up Study date = 2020-09-03 keywords = covid-19 summary = We recorded patients'' epidemiological, clinical features, and follow-up data after discharging in order to improve the awareness and treatment of children with COVID-19. Since December 2019, multiple patients of pneumonia infected with the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 disease (COVID-19) had been detected in Wuhan city, China [1] . So, analysis of the clinical characteristics, epidemiological characteristics, and follow-up results after discharge of pediatric patients with confirmed COVID-19 in this area was aimed at improving the awareness and treatment of children with COVID-19. Diagnosis and discharge standards were performed according to the content of the "Diagnosis and treatment guidelines for 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (Trial Version 7) (In Chinese) [3] ." We observed and recorded the patient''s epidemiological characteristics, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, radiography, treatment methods, and transfer return. Clinical and epidemiological features of 36 children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Zhejiang, China: an observational cohort study doi = 10.1007/s42399-020-00502-x id = cord-261222-762nqkbg author = Sachdeva, Sonali title = Admission Hyperglycemia in Non-diabetics Predicts Mortality and Disease Severity in COVID-19: a Pooled Analysis and Meta-summary of Literature date = 2020-10-12 keywords = covid-19 summary = doi = 10.1007/s42399-020-00575-8 id = cord-284545-vn60yd46 author = Sanyaolu, Adekunle title = Comorbidity and its Impact on Patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-06-25 keywords = COVID-19; China; patient summary = doi = 10.1007/s42399-020-00363-4 id = cord-323368-cf5axwcb author = Schena, Daniele title = Re-reading the SARS-COV-2 Epidemic in Bergamo date = 2020-08-11 keywords = Bergamo summary = Bergamo province was one of the hardest hit regions by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus. Although many hypotheses have been formulated to explain the rapid outbreak of COVID-19 in Lombardy, none have yet considered the specific conditions that characterized the Bergamo hinterland. In recent months, several hypotheses have been offered to explain the rapid spread of the virus in Bergamo province and Lombardy, but all of them are focused on what happened in the hospitals (Codogno, Alzano Lombardo, and other emergency departments across the territory) involved in the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic. In particular, the management of two patients admitted in the Alzano Lombardo Hospital on the 23rd of February was thought to be critical for the epidemic outbreak. During the last week of February and first week of March, many events could be implied in the spread of SARS-CoV-2. doi = 10.1007/s42399-020-00431-9 id = cord-265293-l9omunq4 author = Schönegger, Carmen Maria title = Smell and Taste Disorders in COVID-19 Patients: Objective Testing and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Five Cases date = 2020-10-24 keywords = COVID-19; MRI summary = title: Smell and Taste Disorders in COVID-19 Patients: Objective Testing and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Five Cases Those with objectifiable alteration in taste or smell were subjected to MRI with contrast agent to investigate possible involvement of the central nervous system. We encourage medical professionals to conduct specialized examinations and MRIs in the acute stage of disease, which guarantees an optimum patient care. The study was conducted on five patients reporting impairment of taste and smell with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in East Tyrol. In case objective testing revealed alterations in taste or smell, patients were subjected to MRI in a timely manner. Three weeks after the first olfactory and gustatory examination, a follow-up testing was conducted with the three patients who also had a second MRI. The first MRI images showed slight alterations in one patient, which could be associated with a SARS-CoV-2 infection. Magnetic resonance imaging alteration of the brain in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and anosmia doi = 10.1007/s42399-020-00606-4 id = cord-329447-kjeqs6zh author = Shen, Bingzheng title = Wuchang Fangcang Shelter Hospital: Practices, Experiences, and Lessons Learned in Controlling COVID-19 date = 2020-07-04 keywords = Fangcang; Hospital; Shelter summary = A large comprehensive gymnasium was converted into Wuchang Fangcang Shelter Hospital in order to provide adequate medical beds and appropriate care for the confirmed patients with mild to moderate symptoms. Since more than 80% of COVID-19 patients were mild or moderate types [4] [5] [6] , a novel public health measure, Fangcang Shelter Hospitals, was conceived [7] . During this major public health emergency, pharmacists, as a member of the medical team, have been responsible for providing professional and superior pharmaceutical services. Relying on the 5G network and medical information systems, the team of pharmacists accomplished pharmaceutical services smoothly, helping to reduce the risk of occupational exposure in the Shelter Hospital. In the pharmaceutical services provided at Wuchang Fangcang Shelter Hospital, ACE-I and ARBs were not recommended, but now, the latest joint viewpoint from three U.S. heart groups states that patients with COVID-19 should take ACE inhibitors and ARBs [14] . doi = 10.1007/s42399-020-00382-1 id = cord-292997-xbomgwzx author = Singh, Sandeep title = Takotsubo Syndrome in Patients with COVID-19: a Systematic Review of Published Cases date = 2020-10-06 keywords = TTS; covid-19 summary = doi = 10.1007/s42399-020-00557-w id = cord-300320-07tdrd4w author = Siordia, Juan A. title = Systematic and Statistical Review of Coronavirus Disease 19 Treatment Trials date = 2020-07-15 keywords = SARS; covid-19; study summary = Medications assessed included lopinavir/ritonavir, arbidol, hydroxychloroquine, tocilizumab, favipiravir, heparin, and dexamethasone. Review of literature showed no significant clinical improvement with lopinavir/ritonavir, arbidol, hydroxychloroquine, or remdesivir. Medical therapies investigated included lopinavir/ritonavir, arbidol, hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, favipiravir, heparin, glucocorticoids, interferon, ivermectin, and convalescent plasma. Key words included COVID-19, SARS-CoV2, randomized, This article is part of the Topical Collection on Covid-19 controlled, human, retrospective, prospective, trial, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir, ritonavir, arbidol, umifenovir, tocilizumab, favipiravir, steroids, dexamethasone, glucocorticoids, interferon, ivermectin, remdesivir, azithromycin, heparin, and low-molecular weight heparin. Lopinavir/ritonavir, arbidol, hydroxychloroquine, favipiravir, remdesivir, and heparin are medications that have been tested in human controlled trials for COVID-19 treatment. In human trials, arbidol shows no significant positive-negative conversion rate or recovery time compared to standard therapy or lopinavir/ritonavir [4, 9] . Combining T, treatment group (remdesivir); C, control group all the hydroxychloroquine human trials showed no benefit with reducing COVID-19 viral shedding time. doi = 10.1007/s42399-020-00399-6 id = cord-338544-eph89g47 author = Spuntarelli, Valerio title = COVID-19: is it just a lung disease? A case-based review date = 2020-07-28 keywords = COV-2; COVID-19; SARS summary = doi = 10.1007/s42399-020-00418-6 id = cord-348121-c7jq240j author = Tagliabue, Fabio title = The “Pandemic” of Disinformation in COVID-19 date = 2020-08-01 keywords = COVID-19; pandemic summary = doi = 10.1007/s42399-020-00439-1 id = cord-289115-bntcn0m6 author = Thangaraju, Pugazhenthan title = Role of Dupilumab in Approved Indications of COVID-19 Patient: an Efficacy-Based Nonsystematic Critical Analysis date = 2020-09-10 keywords = COVID-19; patient summary = doi = 10.1007/s42399-020-00510-x id = cord-284785-mkjogy6h author = Trevisan, Caterina title = Labile PT-INR in a Covid-19 Patient Under Long-term Vitamin K Antagonist Therapy: a Case Report date = 2020-08-19 keywords = INR summary = The patient''s medical history included moderate cognitive impairment, atrial fibrillation under oral anticoagulation (warfarin 2.5 mg and 3.75 mg on alternate days, showing stable PT-INR values since October 2018), and arterial hypertension. On April 20, blood analyses revealed hemoglobin 117 g/l, PT-INR 2.15, and a slight alteration of liver function with AST 55 U/l (normal range: 5-32). The temporal relationship between COVID-19 onset and PT-INR elevation in a patient whose PT-INR values were stable in the 18 months before the hospitalization supports the hypothesis that this infection may impact on the coagulative pattern not only pro-thrombotically [4, 5] but also by increasing hemorrhagic risk. This confirms that special attention should be paid to COVID-19 patients under long-term anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonist and a shift to heparin treatment until illness resolution may be a safe option in these individuals [7] . doi = 10.1007/s42399-020-00460-4 id = cord-330690-cupy89gl author = Vierucci, Francesco title = How COVID-19 Pandemic Changed Children and Adolescents Use of the Emergency Department: the Experience of a Secondary Care Pediatric Unit in Central Italy date = 2020-09-23 keywords = March; SARS summary = During phase 1 (national lockdown period, March 9th-May 3rd, 2020) the Italian Ministry of Health recommended to avoid direct access to the emergency department (ED) in case of fever and/or cough or other respiratory symptoms, favoring home care or phone consultation for ill patients without compromised general conditions [10] . The aims of this study were to (1) evaluate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the activity of a secondary care Italian Pediatric Unit assessing, in particular, the characteristics of pediatric ED consultations performed in 2020 before and after the beginning of lockdown; (2) evaluate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents referred to ED; and (3) compare pediatric ED activity during the same period of 2019 and 2020. doi = 10.1007/s42399-020-00532-5 id = cord-336790-29im4gxw author = Violetis, Odyssefs A. title = COVID-19 Infection and Haematological Involvement: a Review of Epidemiology, Pathophysiology and Prognosis of Full Blood Count Findings date = 2020-06-29 keywords = COVID-19; patient summary = doi = 10.1007/s42399-020-00380-3 id = cord-303959-e1654g5j author = Vitiello, Antonio title = COVID-19 Patients with Pulmonary Fibrotic Tissue: Clinical Pharmacological Rational of Antifibrotic Therapy date = 2020-08-27 keywords = COVID-19; SARS summary = doi = 10.1007/s42399-020-00487-7 id = cord-028923-gzqd5g0k author = Vitug, Sarah title = Sedation with ketamine and fentanyl combination improves patient outcomes in intensive care units date = 2020-07-10 keywords = ICU summary = doi = 10.1007/s42399-020-00275-3 id = cord-312730-4ejjmab4 author = Wong, Rebecca S. Y. title = The SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak: an Epidemiological and Clinical Perspective date = 2020-09-29 keywords = COVID-19; China; SARS summary = The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak started with the detection of an increasing number of pneumonia cases of unknown origin in Wuhan, China, since December 2019. In response to the rapidly growing number of confirmed cases and deaths, some measures taken by the Chinese authorities include the quarantine of millions of its citizens with the unprecedented lockdown of many cities, in an attempt to contain the virus and slow down the spread of the disease [3] . One study in China reported a young 22-year-old male who spread SARS-CoV-2 infection to his contacts (1 relative and 6 classmates, all of which were youngsters from 16 to 23 years) just after a few-hour contact during the incubation period, when he was totally asymptomatic [18] , suggesting that the disease is highly infectious during the incubation period. doi = 10.1007/s42399-020-00546-z id = cord-263763-a8wgvgz2 author = Çelik, Ersin title = Treatment Approach to Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Seen Early After Open Heart Surgery. Case Report date = 2020-07-02 keywords = COVID-19; PCR summary = Here, we present our approach to a 54-year-old male patient who had coronary artery bypass (CABG) surgery diagnosed as high probability coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in early postoperative period. We aimed to present our approach to high probability COVID-19 pneumonia which developed on early postoperative period in our patient after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) operation, which was not reported in the literature before. After consultations applied by chest physicians and infectious disease departments of our hospital, COVID-19 was evaluated as a high probability due to the laboratory tests, radiological findings, and clinical course. Having considered our patient as high risk, without waiting for the RT-PCR result, we started the specific treatment for COVID-19 immediately, by evaluating clinical, laboratory, and radiology findings. Correlation of chest CT and RT-PCR testing in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: a report of 1024 cases doi = 10.1007/s42399-020-00377-y