id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentences	flesch	summary	cache	txt
cord-254558-gvo0gwjf	Guo, Yan Xiang	Induction of caspase-dependent apoptosis by betanodaviruses GGNNV and demonstration of protein α as an apoptosis inducer	2003-03-30		.txt	text/plain	5132	261	52	The infected SB cells underwent DNA fragmentation and stained positive in terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay, suggesting that GGNNV infection induced apoptosis in SB cells. To determine if GGNNV induces apoptosis in fish cells through the CD95 apoptotic pathway, infected SB cells were harvested at 24 PI and 48 h PI, and cell lysates were analyzed for IETDase activity, using IETD as the substrate for caspase-8. To determine which protein encoded by betanovirus GGNNV might be responsible for inducing apoptosis, the transient expression of viral proteins A and ␣ in SB and Cos-7 cells was carried out. The results that GGNNV infection induced activation of caspase-3-like proteases and GGNNV-induced apoptosis could be inhibited by DEVD-CHO indicate that fish caspases are important mediators of virus-induced cell death. Here, protein ␣ of GGNNV was demonstrated to be capable of inducing apoptosis by DNA fragmentation and TUNEL staining in transfected SB and Cos-7 cells at 48 h post-transfection.	./cache/cord-254558-gvo0gwjf.txt	./txt/cord-254558-gvo0gwjf.txt