id sid tid token lemma pos cord-253024-b393ea2u 1 1 key key NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 1 2 : : : cord-253024-b393ea2u 1 3 cord-253024-b393ea2u cord-253024-b393ea2u NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 2 1 authors author NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 2 2 : : : cord-253024-b393ea2u 2 3 Fu Fu NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 2 4 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 2 5 Kaisong Kaisong NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 2 6 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 3 1 Baric Baric NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 3 2 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 3 3 Ralph Ralph NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 3 4 S. S. NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 3 5 title title NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 3 6 : : : cord-253024-b393ea2u 3 7 Evidence evidence NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 3 8 for for IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 3 9 variable variable JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 3 10 rates rate NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 3 11 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 3 12 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 3 13 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 3 14 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 3 15 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 3 16 genome genome NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 3 17 date date NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 3 18 : : : cord-253024-b393ea2u 3 19 1992 1992 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 3 20 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 3 21 07 07 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 3 22 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 3 23 31 31 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 3 24 journal journal NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 3 25 : : : cord-253024-b393ea2u 4 1 Virology virology NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 4 2 DOI DOI NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 4 3 : : : cord-253024-b393ea2u 4 4 10.1016/0042 10.1016/0042 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 4 5 - - SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 4 6 6822(92)90684-h 6822(92)90684-h CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 4 7 sha sha NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 4 8 : : : cord-253024-b393ea2u 5 1 6d60088295d3d6ae75adb805206f8844ba5c1288 6d60088295d3d6ae75adb805206f8844ba5c1288 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 5 2 doc_id doc_id CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 5 3 : : : cord-253024-b393ea2u 6 1 253024 253024 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 6 2 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 6 3 : : : cord-253024-b393ea2u 7 1 b393ea2u b393ea2u NFP cord-253024-b393ea2u 7 2 Abstract Abstract NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 7 3 Mouse Mouse NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 7 4 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 7 5 virus virus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 7 6 has have VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 7 7 been be VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 7 8 shown show VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 7 9 to to TO cord-253024-b393ea2u 7 10 undergo undergo VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 7 11 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 7 12 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 7 13 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 7 14 high high JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 7 15 frequency frequency NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 7 16 during during IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 7 17 mixed mixed JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 7 18 infection infection NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 7 19 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 8 1 Temperature temperature NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 8 2 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 8 3 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 8 4 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 8 5 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 8 6 isolated isolate VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 8 7 using use VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 8 8 5-fluorouracil 5-fluorouracil CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 8 9 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 8 10 5-azacytidine 5-azacytidine CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 8 11 as as IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 8 12 mutagen mutagen NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 8 13 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 9 1 Six six CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 9 2 RNA+ RNA+ NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 9 3 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 9 4 that that WDT cord-253024-b393ea2u 9 5 reside reside VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 9 6 within within IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 9 7 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 9 8 single single JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 9 9 complementation complementation NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 9 10 group group NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 9 11 mapping mapping NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 9 12 within within IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 9 13 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 9 14 S S NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 9 15 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 9 16 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 9 17 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 9 18 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 9 19 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 9 20 A59 A59 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 9 21 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 9 22 isolated isolate VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 9 23 which which WDT cord-253024-b393ea2u 9 24 did do VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 9 25 not not RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 9 26 cause cause VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 9 27 syncytium syncytium NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 9 28 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 9 29 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 9 30 restrictive restrictive JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 9 31 temperature temperature NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 9 32 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 10 1 Using use VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 10 2 standard standard JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 10 3 genetic genetic JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 10 4 techniques technique NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 10 5 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 10 6 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 10 7 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 10 8 map map NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 10 9 was be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 10 10 established establish VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 10 11 that that WDT cord-253024-b393ea2u 10 12 indicated indicate VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 10 13 that that IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 10 14 these these DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 10 15 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 10 16 mapped map VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 10 17 into into IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 10 18 two two CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 10 19 distinct distinct JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 10 20 domains domain NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 10 21 designated designate VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 10 22 F1 F1 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 10 23 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 10 24 F2 f2 NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 10 25 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 11 1 These these DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 11 2 genetic genetic JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 11 3 domains domain NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 11 4 may may MD cord-253024-b393ea2u 11 5 correspond correspond VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 11 6 to to IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 11 7 mutations mutation NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 11 8 mapping mapping NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 11 9 within within IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 11 10 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 11 11 S1 S1 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 11 12 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 11 13 S2 s2 NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 11 14 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 11 15 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 11 16 respectively respectively RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 11 17 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 11 18 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 11 19 suggest suggest VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 11 20 that that IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 11 21 both both PDT cord-253024-b393ea2u 11 22 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 11 23 S1 S1 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 11 24 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 11 25 S2 s2 NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 11 26 domains domain NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 11 27 are be VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 11 28 important important JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 11 29 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 11 30 eliciting elicit VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 11 31 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 11 32 fusogenic fusogenic JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 11 33 activity activity NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 11 34 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 11 35 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 11 36 S S NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 11 37 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 11 38 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 11 39 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 12 1 In in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 12 2 addition addition NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 12 3 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 12 4 assuming assume VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 12 5 that that IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 12 6 most most RBS cord-253024-b393ea2u 12 7 distal distal JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 12 8 is be VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 12 9 alleles allele NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 12 10 map map VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 12 11 roughly roughly RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 12 12 4.0 4.0 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 12 13 kb kb NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 12 14 apart apart RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 12 15 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 12 16 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 12 17 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 12 18 frequency frequency NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 12 19 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 12 20 1 1 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 12 21 % % NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 12 22 per per IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 12 23 575–676 575–676 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 12 24 by by IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 12 25 was be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 12 26 predicted predict VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 12 27 through through IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 12 28 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 12 29 S S NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 12 30 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 12 31 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 12 32 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 13 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 13 2 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 13 3 this this DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 13 4 represents represent VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 13 5 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 13 6 threefold threefold JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 13 7 increase increase NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 13 8 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 13 9 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 13 10 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 13 11 frequency frequency NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 13 12 as as IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 13 13 compared compare VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 13 14 to to IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 13 15 rates rate NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 13 16 predicted predict VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 13 17 through through IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 13 18 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 13 19 polymerase polymerase NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 13 20 region region NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 13 21 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 14 1 The the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 14 2 increase increase NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 14 3 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 14 4 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 14 5 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 14 6 rate rate NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 14 7 was be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 14 8 probably probably RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 14 9 not not RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 14 10 due due JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 14 11 to to IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 14 12 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 14 13 events event NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 14 14 resulting result VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 14 15 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 14 16 large large JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 14 17 deletions deletion NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 14 18 or or CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 14 19 insertions insertion NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 14 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 14 21 > > NFP cord-253024-b393ea2u 14 22 50 50 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 14 23 bp bp NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 14 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 14 25 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 14 26 but but CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 14 27 rather rather RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 14 28 was be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 14 29 probably probably RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 14 30 due due JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 14 31 to to IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 14 32 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 14 33 combination combination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 14 34 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 14 35 homologous homologous JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 14 36 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 14 37 nonhomologous nonhomologous JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 14 38 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 14 39 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 15 1 A a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 15 2 variety variety NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 15 3 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 15 4 explanations explanation NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 15 5 could could MD cord-253024-b393ea2u 15 6 account account VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 15 7 for for IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 15 8 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 15 9 increased increase VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 15 10 rates rate NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 15 11 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 15 12 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 15 13 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 15 14 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 15 15 S S NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 15 16 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 15 17 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 16 1 Mouse Mouse NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 16 2 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 16 3 virus virus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 16 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 16 5 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 16 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 16 7 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 16 8 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 16 9 member member NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 16 10 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 16 11 Coronaviridae Coronaviridae NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 16 12 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 16 13 contains contain VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 16 14 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 16 15 single single JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 16 16 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 16 17 stranded strand VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 16 18 nonsegmented nonsegmented JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 16 19 plus plus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 16 20 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 16 21 polarity polarity NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 16 22 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 16 23 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 16 24 about about RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 16 25 32 32 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 16 26 kb kb NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 16 27 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 16 28 length length NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 17 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 17 2 Lee Lee NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 17 3 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 17 4 a/. a/. NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 17 5 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 17 6 1991 1991 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 17 7 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 17 8 Pachuk Pachuk NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 17 9 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 17 10 a/. a/. NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 17 11 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 17 12 1989 1989 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 17 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 17 14 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 18 1 The the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 18 2 genomic genomic JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 18 3 RNA rna NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 18 4 is be VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 18 5 arranged arrange VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 18 6 into into IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 18 7 seven seven CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 18 8 or or CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 18 9 eight eight CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 18 10 coding code VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 18 11 regions region NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 18 12 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 18 13 is be VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 18 14 encapsidated encapsidate VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 18 15 within within IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 18 16 multiple multiple JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 18 17 copies copy NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 18 18 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 18 19 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 18 20 50-kDa 50-kda CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 18 21 nucleocapsid nucleocapsid NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 18 22 protein protein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 18 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 18 24 N N NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 18 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 18 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 18 27 Lai Lai NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 18 28 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 18 29 1990 1990 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 18 30 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 18 31 Siddell Siddell NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 18 32 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 18 33 1983 1983 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 18 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 18 35 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 19 1 The the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 19 2 N N NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 19 3 protein protein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 19 4 forms form VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 19 5 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 19 6 helical helical JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 19 7 nucleocapsid nucleocapsid NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 19 8 structure structure NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 19 9 that that WDT cord-253024-b393ea2u 19 10 is be VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 19 11 probably probably RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 19 12 associated associate VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 19 13 with with IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 19 14 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 19 15 transcriptional transcriptional JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 19 16 complex complex NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 19 17 Compton Compton NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 19 18 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 19 19 a/. a/. NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 19 20 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 19 21 1987 1987 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 19 22 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 19 23 Stohlman Stohlman NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 19 24 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 19 25 Lai Lai NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 19 26 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 19 27 1979 1979 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 19 28 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 19 29 Stohlman Stohlman NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 19 30 eta/. eta/. NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 19 31 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 19 32 1988 1988 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 19 33 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 20 1 Sturman Sturman NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 20 2 eta/. eta/. CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 20 3 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 20 4 1980 1980 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 20 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 20 6 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 21 1 The the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 21 2 nucleocapsid nucleocapsid NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 21 3 structure structure NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 21 4 is be VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 21 5 surrounded surround VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 21 6 by by IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 21 7 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 21 8 lipid lipid NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 21 9 envelope envelope NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 21 10 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 21 11 contains contain VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 21 12 two two CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 21 13 or or CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 21 14 three three CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 21 15 virus virus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 21 16 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 21 17 specific specific JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 21 18 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 21 19 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 22 1 The the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 22 2 S S NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 22 3 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 22 4 has have VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 22 5 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 22 6 molecular molecular JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 22 7 weight weight NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 22 8 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 22 9 180 180 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 22 10 kDa kDa NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 22 11 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 22 12 is be VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 22 13 frequently frequently RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 22 14 cleaved cleave VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 22 15 into into IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 22 16 two two CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 22 17 90-kDa 90-kda CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 22 18 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 22 19 designated designate VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 22 20 Sl Sl NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 22 21 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 22 22 S2 S2 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 22 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 22 24 Frana Frana NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 22 25 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 22 26 a/. a/. NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 22 27 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 22 28 1985 1985 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 22 29 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 22 30 Sturman Sturman NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 22 31 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 22 32 a/. a/. NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 22 33 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 22 34 1980 1980 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 22 35 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 23 1 The the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 23 2 N n CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 23 3 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 23 4 terminal terminal JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 23 5 signal signal NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 23 6 sequence sequence NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 23 7 is be VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 23 8 contained contain VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 23 9 within within IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 23 10 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 23 11 Sl sl NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 23 12 domain domain NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 23 13 while while IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 23 14 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 23 15 C C NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 23 16 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 23 17 terminus terminus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 23 18 is be VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 23 19 contained contain VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 23 20 within within IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 23 21 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 23 22 S2 S2 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 23 23 region region NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 23 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 23 25 Boireau Boireau NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 23 26 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 23 27 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 23 28 . . NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 23 29 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 23 30 1990 1990 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 23 31 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 23 32 Luytjes Luytjes NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 23 33 eta/. eta/. CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 23 34 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 23 35 1987 1987 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 23 36 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 23 37 Rasschaert Rasschaert NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 23 38 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 23 39 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 23 40 . . NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 23 41 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 23 42 1990 1990 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 23 43 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 23 44 Schmidt Schmidt NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 23 45 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 23 46 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 23 47 . . NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 23 48 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 23 49 1987 1987 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 23 50 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 23 51 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 24 1 The the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 24 2 Sl sl NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 24 3 domain domain NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 24 4 can can MD cord-253024-b393ea2u 24 5 undergo undergo VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 24 6 significant significant JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 24 7 amino amino NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 24 8 acid acid NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 24 9 alteration alteration NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 24 10 without without IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 24 11 losing lose VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 24 12 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-253024-b393ea2u 24 13 function function NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 24 14 while while IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 24 15 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 24 16 S2 S2 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 24 17 domain domain NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 24 18 is be VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 24 19 more more RBR cord-253024-b393ea2u 24 20 highly highly RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 24 21 conserved conserve VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 24 22 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 24 23 contains contain VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 24 24 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 24 25 hydrophobic hydrophobic JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 24 26 heptad heptad NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 24 27 repeat repeat NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 24 28 element element NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 24 29 that that WDT cord-253024-b393ea2u 24 30 probably probably RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 24 31 forms form VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 24 32 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 24 33 complex complex NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 24 34 ' ' '' cord-253024-b393ea2u 24 35 To to IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 24 36 whom whom WP cord-253024-b393ea2u 24 37 correspondence correspondence NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 24 38 should should MD cord-253024-b393ea2u 24 39 be be VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 24 40 addressed address VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 24 41 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 25 1 coiled coiled JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 25 2 coil coil NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 25 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 25 4 Luytjes Luytjes NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 25 5 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 25 6 a/. a/. NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 25 7 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 25 8 1987 1987 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 25 9 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 25 10 Schmidt Schmidt NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 25 11 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 25 12 a/. a/. NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 25 13 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 25 14 1987 1987 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 25 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 25 16 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 26 1 The the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 26 2 S S NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 26 3 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 26 4 is be VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 26 5 responsible responsible JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 26 6 for for IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 26 7 virus virus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 26 8 binding bind VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 26 9 to to IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 26 10 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 26 11 specific specific JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 26 12 cellular cellular JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 26 13 receptor receptor NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 26 14 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 26 15 induction induction NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 26 16 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 26 17 cell cell NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 26 18 fusion fusion NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 26 19 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 26 20 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 26 21 elicitation elicitation NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 26 22 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 26 23 neutralizing neutralize VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 26 24 antibody antibody NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 26 25 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 26 26 cell cell NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 26 27 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 26 28 mediated mediate VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 26 29 immunity immunity NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 26 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 26 31 Collins Collins NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 26 32 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 26 33 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 26 34 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 27 1 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 27 2 1982 1982 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 27 3 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 27 4 Fleming Fleming NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 27 5 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 27 6 a/. a/. NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 27 7 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 27 8 1986 1986 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 27 9 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 27 10 Sturman Sturman NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 27 11 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 27 12 a/. a/. NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 27 13 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 27 14 1980 1980 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 27 15 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 28 1 In in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 28 2 addition addition NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 28 3 to to IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 28 4 S S NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 28 5 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 28 6 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 28 7 23-kDa 23-kda CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 28 8 M M NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 28 9 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 28 10 is be VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 28 11 present present JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 28 12 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 28 13 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 28 14 virion virion NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 28 15 that that WDT cord-253024-b393ea2u 28 16 probably probably RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 28 17 functions function VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 28 18 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 28 19 assembly assembly NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 28 20 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 28 21 release release NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 28 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 28 23 Sturman Sturman NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 28 24 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 28 25 a/. a/. NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 28 26 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 28 27 1980 1980 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 28 28 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 29 1 In in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 29 2 some some DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 29 3 strains strain NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 29 4 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 29 5 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 29 6 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 29 7 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 29 8 65-kDa 65-kda CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 29 9 hemagglutinin hemagglutinin NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 29 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 29 11 HE HE NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 29 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 29 13 that that IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 29 14 shares share VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 29 15 considerable considerable JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 29 16 sequence sequence NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 29 17 homology homology NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 29 18 with with IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 29 19 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 29 20 influenza influenza NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 29 21 C C NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 29 22 virus virus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 29 23 hemagglutinin hemagglutinin NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 29 24 is be VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 29 25 also also RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 29 26 present present JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 29 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 29 28 Luytjes Luytjes NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 29 29 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 29 30 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 29 31 . . NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 29 32 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 29 33 1988 1988 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 30 1 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 30 2 Shieh Shieh NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 30 3 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 30 4 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 30 5 . . NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 30 6 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 30 7 1989 1989 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 30 8 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 30 9 Yokomori Yokomori NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 30 10 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 30 11 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 30 12 . . NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 30 13 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 30 14 1989 1989 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 30 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 30 16 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 31 1 Upon upon IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 31 2 entry entry NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 31 3 into into IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 31 4 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 31 5 cells cell NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 31 6 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 31 7 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 31 8 genomic genomic JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 31 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 31 10 is be VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 31 11 translated translate VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 31 12 into into IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 31 13 one one CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 31 14 or or CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 31 15 more more JJR cord-253024-b393ea2u 31 16 polyproteins polyprotein NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 31 17 that that WDT cord-253024-b393ea2u 31 18 act act VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 31 19 as as IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 31 20 an an DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 31 21 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 31 22 dependent dependent JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 31 23 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 31 24 polymerase polymerase NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 31 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 31 26 Mahy Mahy NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 31 27 et et FW cord-253024-b393ea2u 31 28 a/. a/. NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 31 29 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 31 30 1983 1983 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 31 31 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 31 32 Brayton Brayton NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 31 33 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 31 34 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 31 35 . . NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 31 36 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 31 37 1982 1982 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 32 1 Brayton Brayton NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 32 2 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 32 3 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 32 4 . . NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 32 5 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 32 6 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 32 7 1984 1984 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 32 8 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 1 While while IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 2 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 3 exact exact JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 4 mechanism mechanism NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 5 for for IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 6 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 7 transcription transcription NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 8 is be VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 9 still still RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 10 under under IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 11 study study NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 12 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 13 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 14 preponderance preponderance NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 15 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 16 data datum NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 17 suggest suggest VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 18 that that IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 19 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 20 genome genome NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 21 is be VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 22 initially initially RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 23 transcribed transcribe VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 24 into into IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 25 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 26 full full JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 27 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 28 length length NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 29 minus minus CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 30 strand strand NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 31 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 32 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 33 which which WDT cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 34 acts act VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 35 as as IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 36 template template NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 37 for for IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 38 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 39 synthesis synthesis NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 40 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 41 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 42 genomelength genomelength NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 43 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 44 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 45 six six CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 46 subgenomic subgenomic JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 47 mRNAs mRNAs NNPS cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 48 by by IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 49 " " `` cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 50 leaderprimed leaderprimed JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 51 " " '' cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 52 transcription transcription NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 53 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 54 Baker Baker NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 55 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 56 a/. a/. NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 57 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 58 1990 1990 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 59 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 60 Baric Baric NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 61 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 62 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 63 . . NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 64 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 65 1983 1983 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 66 Baric Baric NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 67 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 68 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 69 . . NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 70 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 71 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 72 1985 1985 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 73 Makino Makino NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 74 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 75 a/. a/. NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 76 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 77 1986a 1986a CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 78 Makino Makino NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 79 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 80 a/. a/. NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 81 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 82 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 83 1991 1991 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 33 84 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 34 1 In in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 34 2 turn turn NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 34 3 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 34 4 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 34 5 subgenomic subgenomic NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 34 6 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 34 7 then then RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 34 8 act act VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 34 9 as as IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 34 10 template template NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 34 11 for for IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 34 12 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 34 13 synthesis synthesis NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 34 14 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 34 15 subgenomic subgenomic NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 34 16 minus minus CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 34 17 strands strand NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 34 18 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 34 19 which which WDT cord-253024-b393ea2u 34 20 participate participate VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 34 21 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 34 22 successive successive JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 34 23 rounds round NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 34 24 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 34 25 mRNA mrna NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 34 26 amplification amplification NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 34 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 34 28 Sawicki Sawicki NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 34 29 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 34 30 Sawicki Sawicki NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 34 31 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 34 32 1990 1990 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 34 33 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 34 34 Sethna Sethna NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 34 35 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 34 36 a/. a/. NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 34 37 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 34 38 1989 1989 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 34 39 Sethna Sethna NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 34 40 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 34 41 a/. a/. NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 34 42 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 34 43 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 34 44 1991 1991 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 34 45 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 35 1 Homologous homologous JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 35 2 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 35 3 among among IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 35 4 viruses virus NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 35 5 with with IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 35 6 nonsegmented nonsegmente VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 35 7 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 35 8 genomes genome NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 35 9 has have VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 35 10 been be VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 35 11 reported report VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 35 12 among among IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 35 13 picornaviruses picornavirus NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 35 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 35 15 Cooper Cooper NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 35 16 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 35 17 1968 1968 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 35 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 35 19 Cooper Cooper NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 35 20 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 35 21 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 35 22 1977 1977 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 35 23 Cooper Cooper NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 35 24 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 35 25 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 35 26 . . NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 35 27 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 35 28 1975 1975 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 35 29 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 35 30 King King NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 35 31 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 35 32 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 35 33 . . NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 35 34 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 36 1 1982 1982 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 37 1 King King NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 37 2 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 37 3 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 37 4 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 38 1 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 38 2 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 38 3 1985 1985 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 39 1 King King NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 39 2 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 39 3 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 39 4 . . NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 39 5 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 39 6 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 39 7 1987 1987 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 40 1 Lake Lake NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 40 2 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 40 3 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 40 4 . . NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 40 5 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 40 6 1975 1975 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 40 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 40 8 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 40 9 brome brome NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 40 10 mosaic mosaic NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 40 11 virus virus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 40 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 40 13 Bujarski Bujarski NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 40 14 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 40 15 Kaesberg Kaesberg NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 40 16 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 40 17 1986 1986 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 40 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 40 19 alphaviruses alphaviruses NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 40 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 41 1 Hahn Hahn NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 41 2 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 41 3 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 41 4 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 42 1 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 42 2 1988 1988 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 42 3 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 42 4 Weiss Weiss NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 42 5 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 42 6 Schlesinger Schlesinger NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 42 7 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 42 8 1991 1991 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 42 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 42 10 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 42 11 cowpea cowpea NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 42 12 chlorotic chlorotic JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 42 13 mottle mottle NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 42 14 virus virus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 42 15 3a 3a CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 42 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 42 17 Allison Allison NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 42 18 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 42 19 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 42 20 . . NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 42 21 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 42 22 1990 1990 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 42 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 42 24 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 42 25 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 42 26 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 42 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 42 28 Keck Keck NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 42 29 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 42 30 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 42 31 . . NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 42 32 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 42 33 1988a 1988a CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 42 34 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 42 35 b b LS cord-253024-b393ea2u 42 36 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 42 37 Lai Lai NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 42 38 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 42 39 a/. a/. NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 42 40 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 42 41 1985 1985 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 42 42 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 43 1 Makino Makino NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 43 2 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 43 3 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 43 4 . . NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 43 5 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 43 6 1986b 1986b CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 43 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 43 8 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 44 1 During during IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 44 2 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 44 3 replication replication NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 44 4 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 44 5 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 44 6 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 44 7 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 44 8 frequency frequency NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 44 9 is be VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 44 10 unusually unusually RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 44 11 high high JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 44 12 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 44 13 approaches approach VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 44 14 25 25 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 44 15 % % NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 44 16 or or CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 44 17 more more JJR cord-253024-b393ea2u 44 18 during during IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 44 19 mixed mixed JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 44 20 infection infection NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 44 21 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 45 1 Recently recently RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 45 2 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 45 3 biochemical biochemical JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 45 4 analysis analysis NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 45 5 has have VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 45 6 revealed reveal VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 45 7 extensive extensive JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 45 8 polymorphisms polymorphism NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 45 9 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 45 10 deletions deletion NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 45 11 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 45 12 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 45 13 sequence sequence NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 45 14 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 45 15 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 45 16 S S NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 45 17 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 45 18 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 45 19 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 45 20 different different JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 45 21 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 45 22 variants variant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 45 23 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 46 1 The the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 46 2 variant variant NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 46 3 viruses virus NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 46 4 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 46 5 probably probably RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 46 6 derived derive VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 46 7 from from IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 46 8 nonhomologous nonhomologous JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 46 9 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 46 10 because because IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 46 11 no no DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 46 12 consensus consensus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 46 13 or or CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 46 14 conserved conserved JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 46 15 sequences sequence NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 46 16 flanked flank VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 46 17 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 46 18 deletions deletion NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 46 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 46 20 Banner Banner NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 46 21 et et FW cord-253024-b393ea2u 46 22 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 46 23 . . NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 46 24 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 46 25 1990 1990 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 46 26 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 46 27 Parker Parker NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 46 28 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 46 29 a/. a/. NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 46 30 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 46 31 1990 1990 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 46 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 46 33 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 47 1 Sequence sequence NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 47 2 analysis analysis NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 47 3 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 47 4 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 47 5 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 47 6 viruses virus NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 47 7 also also RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 47 8 suggests suggest VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 47 9 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 47 10 presence presence NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 47 11 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 47 12 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 47 13 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 47 14 " " `` cord-253024-b393ea2u 47 15 hot hot JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 47 16 spot spot NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 47 17 " " '' cord-253024-b393ea2u 47 18 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 47 19 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 47 20 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 47 21 S S NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 47 22 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 47 23 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 47 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 47 25 Banner Banner NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 47 26 el el NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 47 27 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 47 28 . . NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 47 29 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 47 30 1990 1990 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 47 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 47 32 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 48 1 However however RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 48 2 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 48 3 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 48 4 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 48 5 absence absence NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 48 6 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 48 7 selection selection NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 48 8 pressure pressure NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 48 9 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 48 10 RNA rna NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 48 11 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 48 12 sites site NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 48 13 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 48 14 this this DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 48 15 region region NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 48 16 are be VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 48 17 random random JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 48 18 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 48 19 suggesting suggest VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 48 20 that that IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 48 21 this this DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 48 22 preferred preferred JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 48 23 site site NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 48 24 reflects reflect VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 48 25 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 48 26 selection selection NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 48 27 for for IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 48 28 biologically biologically RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 48 29 more more RBR cord-253024-b393ea2u 48 30 efficient efficient JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 48 31 recombinants recombinant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 48 32 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 49 1 Recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 49 2 analysis analysis NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 49 3 provides provide VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 49 4 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 49 5 powerful powerful JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 49 6 tool tool NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 49 7 for for IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 49 8 mapping map VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 49 9 genetic genetic JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 49 10 loci locus NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 49 11 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 49 12 determining determine VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 49 13 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 49 14 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 49 15 frequency frequency NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 49 16 between between IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 49 17 individual individual JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 49 18 temperature temperature NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 49 19 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 49 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 49 21 ts ts NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 49 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 49 23 mutations mutation NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 49 24 Cooper Cooper NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 49 25 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 49 26 1968 1968 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 49 27 Cooper Cooper NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 49 28 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 49 29 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 49 30 1977 1977 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 50 1 Lake Lake NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 50 2 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 50 3 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 50 4 . . NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 50 5 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 50 6 1975 1975 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 50 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 50 8 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 51 1 In in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 51 2 this this DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 51 3 study study NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 51 4 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 51 5 several several JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 51 6 group group NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 51 7 F F NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 51 8 RNA+ RNA+ NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 51 9 ts ts NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 51 10 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 51 11 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 51 12 used use VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 51 13 to to TO cord-253024-b393ea2u 51 14 establish establish VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 51 15 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 51 16 genetic genetic JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 51 17 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 51 18 map map NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 51 19 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 51 20 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 51 21 S S NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 51 22 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 51 23 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 51 24 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 51 25 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 51 26 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 51 27 A59 A59 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 51 28 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 52 1 Temperature temperature NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 52 2 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 52 3 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 52 4 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 52 5 representing represent VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 52 6 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 52 7 group group NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 52 8 F F NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 52 9 RNA+ RNA+ NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 52 10 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 52 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 52 12 LA7 LA7 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 52 13 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 52 14 LA1 LA1 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 52 15 2 2 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 52 16 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 52 17 NC6 NC6 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 52 18 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 52 19 NC1 NC1 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 52 20 4 4 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 52 21 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 52 22 NC1 NC1 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 52 23 6 6 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 52 24 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 52 25 NC1 NC1 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 52 26 7 7 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 52 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 52 28 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 52 29 group group NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 52 30 E E NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 52 31 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 52 32 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 52 33 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 52 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 52 35 LA1 LA1 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 52 36 8) 8) NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 52 37 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 52 38 MHVA59 MHVA59 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 52 39 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 52 40 used use VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 52 41 throughout throughout IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 52 42 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 52 43 course course NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 52 44 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 52 45 this this DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 52 46 study study NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 52 47 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 53 1 All all DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 53 2 virus virus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 53 3 stocks stock NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 53 4 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 53 5 propagated propagate VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 53 6 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 53 7 32 32 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 53 8 " " `` cord-253024-b393ea2u 53 9 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 53 10 1 1 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 53 11 50-cm2 50-cm2 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 53 12 flasks flask NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 53 13 containing contain VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 53 14 DBT DBT NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 53 15 cells cell NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 53 16 as as IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 53 17 described describe VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 53 18 previously previously RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 53 19 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 54 1 Plaque plaque NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 54 2 assays assay NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 54 3 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 54 4 performed perform VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 54 5 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 54 6 either either CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 54 7 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 54 8 permissive permissive JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 54 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 54 10 32 32 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 54 11 " " '' cord-253024-b393ea2u 54 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 54 13 or or CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 54 14 nonpermissive nonpermissive NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 54 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 54 16 39.5 39.5 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 54 17 " " '' cord-253024-b393ea2u 54 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 54 19 temperatures temperature NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 54 20 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 54 21 DBT DBT NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 54 22 cells cell NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 54 23 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 54 24 Dulbecco Dulbecco NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 54 25 's 's POS cord-253024-b393ea2u 54 26 modified modify VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 54 27 essential essential JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 54 28 medium medium NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 54 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 54 30 DMEM DMEM NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 54 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 55 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 55 2 Sigma Sigma NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 55 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 55 4 containing contain VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 55 5 10 10 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 55 6 % % NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 55 7 Nu Nu NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 55 8 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 55 9 serum serum NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 55 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 55 11 Collaborative Collaborative NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 55 12 Research Research NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 55 13 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 55 14 Inc. Inc. NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 55 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 55 16 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 55 17 1 1 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 55 18 % % NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 55 19 gentamycin gentamycin NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 55 20 / / SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 55 21 kanamycin kanamycin NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 55 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 55 23 GIBCO GIBCO NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 55 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 55 25 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 55 26 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 55 27 0.8 0.8 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 55 28 % % NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 55 29 agarose agarose NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 55 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 55 31 BRL BRL NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 55 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 55 33 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 56 1 All all DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 56 2 plaque plaque NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 56 3 assays assay NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 56 4 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 56 5 stained stain VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 56 6 28 28 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 56 7 - - SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 56 8 36 36 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 56 9 hr hr NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 56 10 postinfection postinfection NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 56 11 by by IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 56 12 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 56 13 addition addition NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 56 14 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 56 15 neutral neutral JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 56 16 red red NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 56 17 for for IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 56 18 2 2 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 56 19 hr hr NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 56 20 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 57 1 Cloned clone VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 57 2 17CI-1 17ci-1 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 57 3 cells cell NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 57 4 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 57 5 kindly kindly RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 57 6 provided provide VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 57 7 by by IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 57 8 Dr. Dr. NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 57 9 Sue Sue NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 57 10 Baker Baker NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 57 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 57 12 Loyola Loyola NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 57 13 University University NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 57 14 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 57 15 Chicago Chicago NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 57 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 57 17 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 57 18 maintained maintain VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 57 19 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 57 20 37 37 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 57 21 " " '' cord-253024-b393ea2u 57 22 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 57 23 DMEM DMEM NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 57 24 containing contain VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 57 25 7 7 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 57 26 % % NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 57 27 newborn newborn JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 57 28 calf calf NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 57 29 serum serum NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 57 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 57 31 GIBCO GIBCO NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 57 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 57 33 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 57 34 1 1 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 57 35 % % NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 57 36 gentamycin gentamycin NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 57 37 / / SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 57 38 kanamycin kanamycin NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 57 39 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 57 40 2 2 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 57 41 % % NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 57 42 glucose glucose NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 57 43 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 57 44 Sigma Sigma NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 57 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 57 46 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 57 47 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 57 48 5 5 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 57 49 % % NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 57 50 ttyptose ttyptose NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 57 51 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 57 52 phosphate phosphate NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 57 53 broth broth NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 57 54 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 57 55 Sigma Sigma NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 57 56 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 57 57 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 58 1 Most Most JJS cord-253024-b393ea2u 58 2 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 58 3 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 58 4 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 58 5 used use VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 58 6 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 58 7 this this DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 58 8 study study NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 58 9 have have VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 58 10 been be VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 58 11 characterized characterize VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 58 12 previously previously RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 58 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 58 14 LA1 LA1 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 58 15 8 8 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 58 16 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 58 17 LA7 LA7 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 58 18 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 58 19 LA1 LA1 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 58 20 2 2 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 58 21 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 58 22 NC6 NC6 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 58 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 58 24 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 59 1 To to TO cord-253024-b393ea2u 59 2 increase increase VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 59 3 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 59 4 accuracy accuracy NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 59 5 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 59 6 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-253024-b393ea2u 59 7 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 59 8 mapping mapping NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 59 9 data datum NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 59 10 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 59 11 additional additional JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 59 12 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 59 13 residing reside VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 59 14 within within IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 59 15 complementation complementation NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 59 16 group group NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 59 17 F F NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 59 18 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 59 19 isolated isolate VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 59 20 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 60 1 Briefly briefly RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 60 2 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 60 3 cultures culture NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 60 4 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 60 5 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 60 6 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 60 7 A59-infected a59-infecte VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 60 8 cells cell NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 60 9 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 60 10 mutagenized mutagenize VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 60 11 with with IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 60 12 either either CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 60 13 20 20 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 60 14 pug pug NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 60 15 / / SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 60 16 ml ml NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 60 17 5-azacytidine 5-azacytidine CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 60 18 or or CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 61 1 100 100 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 61 2 pg/ pg/ NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 61 3 ml ml NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 61 4 5-fluorouracil 5-fluorouracil CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 61 5 for for IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 61 6 12 12 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 61 7 hr hr NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 61 8 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 62 1 Supernatant supernatant JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 62 2 fluids fluid NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 62 3 containing contain VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 62 4 mutagenized mutagenized JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 62 5 virus virus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 62 6 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 62 7 plaqued plaque VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 62 8 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 62 9 permissive permissive JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 62 10 temperature temperature NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 62 11 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 62 12 individual individual JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 62 13 plaques plaque NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 62 14 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 62 15 isolated isolate VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 62 16 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 63 1 Each each DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 63 2 plaque plaque NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 63 3 was be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 63 4 diluted dilute VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 63 5 into into IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 63 6 0.5 0.5 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 63 7 ml ml NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 63 8 ice ice NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 63 9 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 63 10 cold cold JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 63 11 PBS PBS NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 63 12 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 63 13 screened screen VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 63 14 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 63 15 32 32 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 63 16 " " '' cord-253024-b393ea2u 63 17 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 63 18 39.5 39.5 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 63 19 " " '' cord-253024-b393ea2u 63 20 by by IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 63 21 plaque plaque NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 63 22 assay assay NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 63 23 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 63 24 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 63 25 isolates isolate NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 63 26 displaying display VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 63 27 ts ts JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 63 28 phenotypes phenotype NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 63 29 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 63 30 repurified repurifie VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 63 31 two two CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 63 32 to to TO cord-253024-b393ea2u 63 33 three three CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 63 34 times time NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 63 35 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 63 36 32 32 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 63 37 " " '' cord-253024-b393ea2u 63 38 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 64 1 Virus virus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 64 2 stocks stock NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 64 3 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 64 4 assayed assay VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 64 5 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 64 6 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 64 7 permissive permissive JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 64 8 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 64 9 restrictive restrictive JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 64 10 temperatures temperature NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 64 11 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 64 12 only only RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 64 13 those those DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 64 14 isolates isolate NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 64 15 displaying display VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 64 16 reversion reversion NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 64 17 frequencies frequency NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 64 18 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 64 19 less less JJR cord-253024-b393ea2u 64 20 than than IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 64 21 1 1 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 64 22 OM3 om3 NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 64 23 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 64 24 used use VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 64 25 for for IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 64 26 future future JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 64 27 studies study NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 64 28 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 65 1 Complementation Complementation NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 65 2 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 65 3 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 65 4 phenotype phenotype NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 65 5 analysis analysis NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 65 6 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 65 7 performed perform VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 65 8 as as IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 65 9 described describe VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 65 10 previously previously RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 66 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 66 2 Leibowitz Leibowitz NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 66 3 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 66 4 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 66 5 . . NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 66 6 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 66 7 1982 1982 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 66 8 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 66 9 Martin Martin NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 66 10 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 66 11 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 66 12 . . NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 66 13 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 66 14 1988 1988 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 66 15 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 66 16 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 66 17 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 66 18 three three CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 66 19 additional additional JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 66 20 group group NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 66 21 F F NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 66 22 RNA+ RNA+ NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 66 23 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 66 24 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 66 25 isolated isolate VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 66 26 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 66 27 designated designate VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 66 28 NC14 NC14 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 66 29 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 66 30 NC1 NC1 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 66 31 6 6 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 66 32 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 66 33 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 66 34 NC1 NC1 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 66 35 7 7 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 66 36 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 67 1 NC1 NC1 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 67 2 4 4 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 67 3 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 67 4 NC1 NC1 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 67 5 6 6 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 67 6 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 67 7 isolated isolate VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 67 8 using use VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 67 9 5-fluorouracil 5-fluorouracil CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 67 10 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 67 11 while while IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 67 12 NC NC NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 67 13 17 17 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 67 14 was be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 67 15 isolated isolate VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 67 16 using use VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 67 17 5-azacytidine 5-azacytidine CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 67 18 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 68 1 To to TO cord-253024-b393ea2u 68 2 select select VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 68 3 for for IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 68 4 revertants revertant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 68 5 from from IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 68 6 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 68 7 group group NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 68 8 F F NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 68 9 RNA+ RNA+ NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 68 10 ts ts NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 68 11 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 68 12 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 68 13 virus virus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 68 14 stocks stock NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 68 15 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 68 16 plaque plaque NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 68 17 assayed assay VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 68 18 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 68 19 39.5 39.5 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 68 20 " " '' cord-253024-b393ea2u 68 21 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 68 22 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 68 23 individual individual JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 68 24 plaques plaque NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 68 25 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 68 26 isolated isolate VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 68 27 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 68 28 repurified repurifie VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 68 29 by by IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 68 30 plague plague NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 68 31 assay assay NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 68 32 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 68 33 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 68 34 restrictive restrictive JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 68 35 temperature temperature NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 68 36 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 69 1 Individual individual JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 69 2 stocks stock NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 69 3 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 69 4 revertant revertant NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 69 5 virus virus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 69 6 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 69 7 grown grow VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 69 8 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 69 9 1 1 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 69 10 50-cm2 50-cm2 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 69 11 flasks flask NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 69 12 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 69 13 37 37 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 69 14 " " '' cord-253024-b393ea2u 69 15 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 69 16 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 69 17 reversion reversion NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 69 18 frequency frequency NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 69 19 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 69 20 each each DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 69 21 was be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 69 22 determined determine VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 69 23 by by IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 69 24 plague plague NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 69 25 assay assay NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 69 26 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 69 27 32 32 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 69 28 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 69 29 39.5 39.5 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 69 30 " " '' cord-253024-b393ea2u 69 31 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 70 1 At at RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 70 2 least least RBS cord-253024-b393ea2u 70 3 three three CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 70 4 independent independent JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 70 5 revertants revertant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 70 6 from from IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 70 7 each each DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 70 8 RNA+ RNA+ NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 70 9 mutant mutant NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 70 10 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 70 11 isolated isolate VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 70 12 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 71 1 To to TO cord-253024-b393ea2u 71 2 isolate isolate VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 71 3 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 71 4 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 71 5 virus virus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 71 6 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 71 7 DBT DBT NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 71 8 cells cell NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 71 9 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 71 10 coinfected coinfecte VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 71 11 with with IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 71 12 two two CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 71 13 different different JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 71 14 ts ts NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 71 15 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 71 16 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 71 17 an an DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 71 18 m.o.i m.o.i NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 71 19 . . NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 71 20 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 71 21 10 10 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 71 22 each each DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 71 23 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 71 24 32 32 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 71 25 " " '' cord-253024-b393ea2u 71 26 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 72 1 The the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 72 2 medium medium NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 72 3 was be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 72 4 harvested harvest VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 72 5 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 72 6 16 16 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 72 7 hr hr NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 72 8 postinfection postinfection NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 72 9 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 72 10 stored store VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 72 11 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 72 12 -70 -70 NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 72 13 " " '' cord-253024-b393ea2u 72 14 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 73 1 Recombinant recombinant JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 73 2 viruses virus NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 73 3 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 73 4 isolated isolate VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 73 5 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 73 6 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 73 7 restrictive restrictive JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 73 8 temperature temperature NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 73 9 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 73 10 repurified repurifie VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 73 11 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 73 12 39.5 39.5 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 73 13 " " '' cord-253024-b393ea2u 73 14 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 73 15 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 73 16 grown grow VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 73 17 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 73 18 DBT DBT NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 73 19 cells cell NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 73 20 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 73 21 37 37 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 73 22 " " '' cord-253024-b393ea2u 73 23 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 74 1 Culture culture NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 74 2 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 74 3 17CL-1 17cl-1 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 74 4 cells cell NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 74 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 74 6 1 1 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 74 7 X x NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 74 8 106 106 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 74 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 74 10 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 74 11 25-mm 25-mm CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 74 12 six six CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 74 13 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 74 14 well well RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 74 15 dishes dish NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 74 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 74 17 Costar Costar NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 74 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 74 19 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 74 20 infected infect VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 74 21 with with IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 74 22 various various JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 74 23 group group NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 74 24 F f NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 74 25 ts ts NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 74 26 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 74 27 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 74 28 revertants revertant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 74 29 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 74 30 or or CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 74 31 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 74 32 viruses virus NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 74 33 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 74 34 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 74 35 multiplicity multiplicity NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 74 36 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 74 37 Infection infection NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 74 38 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 74 39 10 10 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 74 40 for for IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 74 41 1 1 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 74 42 hr hr NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 74 43 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 74 44 room room NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 74 45 temperature temperature NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 74 46 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 75 1 Following follow VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 75 2 adsorption adsorption NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 75 3 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 75 4 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 75 5 inoculum inoculum NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 75 6 was be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 75 7 removed remove VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 75 8 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 75 9 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 75 10 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 75 11 cultures culture NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 75 12 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 75 13 rinsed rinse VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 75 14 with with IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 75 15 PBS PBS NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 75 16 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 75 17 incubated incubate VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 75 18 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 75 19 complete complete JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 75 20 DMEM DMEM NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 75 21 for for IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 75 22 4 4 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 75 23 hr hr NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 75 24 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 75 25 32 32 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 75 26 " " '' cord-253024-b393ea2u 75 27 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 76 1 Actinomycin Actinomycin NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 76 2 D D NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 76 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 76 4 2 2 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 76 5 PgI PgI NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 76 6 ml ml NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 76 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 76 8 was be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 76 9 added add VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 76 10 for for IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 76 11 1 1 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 76 12 hr hr NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 76 13 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 76 14 one one CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 76 15 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 76 16 half half NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 76 17 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 76 18 cultures culture NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 76 19 shifted shift VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 76 20 to to IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 76 21 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 76 22 restrictive restrictive JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 76 23 temperature temperature NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 76 24 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 76 25 5 5 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 76 26 hr hr NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 76 27 postinfection postinfection NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 76 28 by by IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 76 29 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 76 30 addition addition NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 76 31 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 76 32 prewarmed prewarmed JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 76 33 media medium NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 76 34 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 77 1 Viral viral JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 77 2 progeny progeny NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 77 3 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 77 4 harvested harvest VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 77 5 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 77 6 varying vary VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 77 7 intervals interval NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 77 8 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 77 9 analyzed analyze VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 77 10 by by IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 77 11 plaque plaque NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 77 12 assay assay NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 77 13 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 78 1 To to TO cord-253024-b393ea2u 78 2 determine determine VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 78 3 whether whether IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 78 4 these these DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 78 5 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 78 6 could could MD cord-253024-b393ea2u 78 7 transcribe transcribe VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 78 8 viral viral JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 78 9 mRNA mrna NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 78 10 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 78 11 cultures culture NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 78 12 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 78 13 cells cell NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 78 14 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 78 15 infected infect VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 78 16 with with IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 78 17 various various JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 78 18 ts ts NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 78 19 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 78 20 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 78 21 maintained maintain VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 78 22 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 78 23 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 78 24 permissive permissive JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 78 25 or or CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 78 26 restrictive restrictive JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 78 27 temperature temperature NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 78 28 for for IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 78 29 8 8 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 78 30 hr hr NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 78 31 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 79 1 The the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 79 2 media medium NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 79 3 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 79 4 removed remove VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 79 5 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 79 6 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 79 7 cultures culture NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 79 8 washed wash VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 79 9 with with IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 79 10 2 2 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 79 11 ml ml NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 79 12 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 79 13 ISO ISO NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 79 14 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 79 15 TKM TKM NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 79 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 79 17 10 10 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 79 18 m m NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 79 19 / / SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 79 20 W W NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 79 21 Tris Tris NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 79 22 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 79 23 HCI HCI NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 79 24 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 79 25 pH pH NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 79 26 7.5 7.5 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 79 27 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 79 28 150 150 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 79 29 mNI mNI NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 79 30 KCI KCI NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 79 31 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 79 32 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 79 33 1.5 1.5 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 79 34 mM mm CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 79 35 MgCI MgCI NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 79 36 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 79 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 79 38 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 80 1 The the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 80 2 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 80 3 was be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 80 4 isolated isolate VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 80 5 as as IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 80 6 described describe VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 80 7 by by IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 80 8 Sawicki Sawicki NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 80 9 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 80 10 Sawicki Sawicki NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 80 11 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 80 12 1990 1990 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 80 13 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 80 14 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 80 15 extensively extensively RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 80 16 purified purify VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 80 17 by by IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 80 18 successive successive JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 80 19 rounds round NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 80 20 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 80 21 phenol phenol NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 80 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 80 23 U.S. U.S. NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 80 24 Biochemical Biochemical NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 80 25 Company Company NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 80 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 80 27 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 80 28 phenol phenol NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 80 29 / / SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 80 30 chloroform chloroform NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 80 31 / / SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 80 32 isoamy isoamy NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 80 33 alcohol alcohol NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 80 34 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 80 35 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 80 36 chloroform chloroform NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 80 37 extraction extraction NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 80 38 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 81 1 The the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 81 2 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 81 3 was be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 81 4 bound bind VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 81 5 to to IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 81 6 nitrocellulose nitrocellulose NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 81 7 filters filter NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 81 8 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 81 9 probed probe VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 81 10 with with IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 81 11 radiolabeled radiolabele VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 81 12 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 81 13 probes probe NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 81 14 specific specific JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 81 15 for for IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 81 16 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 81 17 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 81 18 N N NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 81 19 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 81 20 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 82 1 The the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 82 2 blots blot NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 82 3 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 82 4 washed wash VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 82 5 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 82 6 exposed expose VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 82 7 to to IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 82 8 XAR-5 XAR-5 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 82 9 film film NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 82 10 for for IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 82 11 24 24 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 82 12 hr hr NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 82 13 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 83 1 Recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 83 2 analysis analysis NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 83 3 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 83 4 establishing establish VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 83 5 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 83 6 genetic genetic JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 83 7 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 83 8 map map NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 83 9 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 83 10 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 83 11 group group NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 83 12 F F NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 83 13 RNA+ RNA+ NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 83 14 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 84 1 Recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 84 2 analyses analysis NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 84 3 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 84 4 performed perform VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 84 5 as as IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 84 6 previously previously RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 84 7 described describe VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 84 8 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 84 9 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 84 10 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 84 11 frequencies frequency NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 84 12 calculated calculate VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 84 13 as as IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 84 14 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 84 15 percentage percentage NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 84 16 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 84 17 ts+ ts+ NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 84 18 virus virus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 84 19 present present JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 84 20 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 84 21 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 84 22 progeny progeny NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 84 23 from from IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 84 24 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 84 25 following following JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 84 26 formula formula NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 84 27 : : : cord-253024-b393ea2u 84 28 RF rf NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 84 29 = = SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 84 30 VW VW NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 84 31 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 84 32 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 84 33 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 85 1 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 86 1 -tA -tA : cord-253024-b393ea2u 87 1 + + CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 88 1 B)3~.s B)3~.s NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 88 2 x x NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 88 3 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 88 4 ooo ooo UH cord-253024-b393ea2u 88 5 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 88 6 o o UH cord-253024-b393ea2u 88 7 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 88 8 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 89 1 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 90 1 - - : cord-253024-b393ea2u 91 1 * * NFP cord-253024-b393ea2u 91 2 bw32 bw32 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 91 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 91 4 AB AB NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 91 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 91 6 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 91 7 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 91 8 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 92 1 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 92 2 was be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 92 3 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 92 4 titer titer NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 92 5 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 92 6 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 92 7 cross cross NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 92 8 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 92 9 nonpermissive nonpermissive JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 92 10 temperature temperature NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 92 11 while while IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 92 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 92 13 AB AB NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 92 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 92 15 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 92 16 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 92 17 represented represent VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 92 18 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 92 19 titer titer NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 92 20 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 92 21 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 92 22 same same JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 92 23 cross cross NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 92 24 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 92 25 permissive permissive JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 92 26 temperature temperature NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 92 27 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 93 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 93 2 A a NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 93 3 + + CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 93 4 B)39.5 B)39.5 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 93 5 was be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 93 6 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 93 7 sum sum NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 93 8 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 93 9 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 93 10 revertants revertant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 93 11 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 93 12 each each DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 93 13 parent parent NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 93 14 strain strain NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 93 15 assayed assay VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 93 16 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 93 17 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 93 18 nonpermissive nonpermissive JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 93 19 temperature temperature NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 93 20 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 94 1 The the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 94 2 formula formula NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 94 3 only only RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 94 4 measured measure VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 94 5 single single JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 94 6 or or CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 94 7 odd odd JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 94 8 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 94 9 number number NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 94 10 cross cross JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 94 11 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 94 12 over over RP cord-253024-b393ea2u 94 13 events event NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 94 14 resulting result VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 94 15 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 94 16 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 94 17 ts+ ts+ XX cord-253024-b393ea2u 94 18 phenotype phenotype NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 94 19 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 94 20 did do VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 94 21 not not RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 94 22 account account VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 94 23 for for IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 94 24 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 94 25 events event NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 94 26 that that WDT cord-253024-b393ea2u 94 27 resulted result VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 94 28 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 94 29 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 94 30 doublets doublet NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 94 31 mutant mutant JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 94 32 phenotype phenotype NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 94 33 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 95 1 All all DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 95 2 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 95 3 frequencies frequency NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 95 4 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 95 5 standardized standardize VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 95 6 to to IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 95 7 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 95 8 standard standard JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 95 9 cross cross NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 95 10 [ [ -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 95 11 LA7 LA7 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 95 12 X X NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 95 13 NC1 NC1 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 95 14 6 6 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 95 15 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 95 16 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 95 17 frequency frequency NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 95 18 3.0 3.0 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 95 19 f f CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 95 20 1.21 1.21 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 95 21 as as IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 95 22 previously previously RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 95 23 described describe VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 95 24 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 96 1 The the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 96 2 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 96 3 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 96 4 aligned align VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 96 5 according accord VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 96 6 to to IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 96 7 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-253024-b393ea2u 96 8 standardized standardized JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 96 9 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 96 10 frequencies frequency NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 96 11 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 96 12 positioned position VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 96 13 from from IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 96 14 LA7 LA7 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 96 15 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 96 16 LA1 LA1 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 96 17 8 8 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 96 18 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 96 19 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 96 20 NC1 NC1 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 96 21 6 6 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 96 22 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 97 1 Cultures culture NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 97 2 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 97 3 DBT DBT NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 97 4 cells cell NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 97 5 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 97 6 lOO lOO NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 97 7 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 97 8 mm2 mm2 NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 97 9 dishes dish NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 97 10 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 97 11 infected infect VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 97 12 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 97 13 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 97 14 m.o.i m.o.i NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 97 15 . . NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 97 16 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 97 17 5 5 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 97 18 with with IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 97 19 different different JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 97 20 ts ts NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 97 21 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 97 22 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 97 23 revertant revertant NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 97 24 viruses virus NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 97 25 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 97 26 or or CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 97 27 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 97 28 viruses virus NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 97 29 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 97 30 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 97 31 intercellular intercellular JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 97 32 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 97 33 was be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 97 34 harvested harvest VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 97 35 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 97 36 8-l 8-l CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 97 37 2 2 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 97 38 hr hr NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 97 39 postinfection postinfection NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 97 40 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 98 1 The the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 98 2 precipitate precipitate NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 98 3 was be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 98 4 resuspended resuspend VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 98 5 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 98 6 TE TE NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 98 7 buffer buffer NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 98 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 98 9 10 10 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 98 10 mNI mNI NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 98 11 Tris Tris NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 98 12 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 98 13 HCI HCI NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 98 14 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 98 15 pH pH NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 98 16 7.2 7.2 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 98 17 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 98 18 1 1 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 98 19 mM mm CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 98 20 EDTA EDTA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 98 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 98 22 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 98 23 used use VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 98 24 as as IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 98 25 template template NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 98 26 for for IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 98 27 reverse reverse JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 98 28 transcription transcription NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 98 29 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 98 30 TAQ taq NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 98 31 amplification amplification NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 98 32 reactions reaction NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 98 33 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 1 cDNA cDNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 2 synthesis synthesis NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 3 was be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 4 carried carry VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 5 out out RP cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 6 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 7 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 8 20-~1 20-~1 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 9 reaction reaction NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 10 mixture mixture NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 11 containing contain VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 12 1 1 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 13 pg pg NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 14 intercellular intercellular JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 15 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 16 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 17 5 5 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 18 mM mm CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 19 MgCI MgCI NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 20 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 21 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 22 10 10 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 23 m m NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 24 / / SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 25 l l NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 26 / / SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 27 l l NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 28 Tris Tris NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 29 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 30 HCI HCI NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 31 pH pH NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 32 8.4 8.4 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 33 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 34 50 50 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 35 mM mm CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 36 KCI KCI NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 37 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 38 0.1 0.1 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 39 % % NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 40 Triton Triton NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 41 X X NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 42 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 43 l l NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 44 00 00 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 46 Sigma Sigma NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 48 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 49 1 1 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 50 mM mm CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 51 dNTP dntp NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 52 each each DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 53 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 54 Promega Promega NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 55 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 56 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 57 0.5 0.5 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 58 pg pg NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 59 random random NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 60 hexamer hexamer NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 61 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 62 Perkin Perkin NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 63 Elmer Elmer NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 64 Cetus Cetus NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 65 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 66 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 67 1 1 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 68 U u NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 69 / / SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 70 PI PI NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 71 RNasin RNasin NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 72 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 73 Promega Promega NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 74 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 75 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 76 15 15 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 77 U U NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 78 AMV AMV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 79 reverse reverse NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 80 transcriptase transcriptase NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 81 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 82 Promega Promega NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 83 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 84 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 85 incubated incubate VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 86 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 87 42 42 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 88 " " `` cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 89 for for IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 90 1 1 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 91 hr hr NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 99 92 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 100 1 The the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 100 2 products product NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 100 3 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 100 4 extracted extract VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 100 5 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 100 6 precipitated precipitate VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 100 7 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 100 8 ethanol ethanol NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 100 9 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 100 10 resuspended resuspend VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 100 11 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 100 12 50 50 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 101 1 ~1 ~1 DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 101 2 H H NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 101 3 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 101 4 O o UH cord-253024-b393ea2u 101 5 prior prior RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 101 6 to to IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 101 7 successive successive JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 101 8 rounds round NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 101 9 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 101 10 polymerase polymerase NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 101 11 chain chain NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 101 12 amplification amplification NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 101 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 101 14 PCR PCR NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 101 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 101 16 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 1 One one CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 2 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 3 tenth tenth NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 4 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 5 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 6 cDNA cdna NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 7 was be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 8 amplified amplify VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 9 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 10 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 11 50 50 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 12 ~1 ~1 DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 13 reaction reaction NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 14 mixture mixture NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 15 containing contain VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 16 10 10 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 17 mM mM NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 18 Tris Tris NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 19 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 20 HCI HCI NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 22 pH pH NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 23 9.0 9.0 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 25 50 50 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 26 mM mm CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 27 KCI KCI NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 28 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 29 3 3 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 30 mM mm CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 31 MgCI MgCI NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 32 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 33 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 34 0.1 0.1 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 35 O o UH cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 36 / / SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 37 O o UH cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 38 Triton Triton NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 39 X X NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 40 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 41 l l NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 42 00 00 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 43 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 44 1.25 1.25 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 45 U U NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 46 TAQ taq NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 47 DNA dna NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 48 polymerase polymerase NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 49 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 50 Promega Promega NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 52 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 53 0.2 0.2 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 54 mM mm CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 55 dNTP dntp NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 56 mixture mixture NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 57 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 58 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 59 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 60 primer primer NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 61 pairs pair NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 62 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 63 100 100 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 64 ng ng NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 65 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 66 each each DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 67 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 102 68 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 103 1 PCR PCR NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 103 2 amplification amplification NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 103 3 was be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 103 4 performed perform VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 103 5 for for IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 103 6 30 30 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 103 7 successive successive JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 103 8 cycles cycle NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 103 9 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 103 10 1.5 1.5 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 103 11 min min NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 103 12 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 103 13 94 94 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 103 14 " " `` cord-253024-b393ea2u 103 15 to to TO cord-253024-b393ea2u 103 16 denature denature VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 103 17 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 103 18 DNA dna NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 103 19 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 103 20 2 2 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 103 21 min min NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 103 22 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 103 23 55 55 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 103 24 " " `` cord-253024-b393ea2u 103 25 for for IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 103 26 primer primer NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 103 27 annealing annealing NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 103 28 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 103 29 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 103 30 4 4 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 103 31 min min NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 103 32 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 103 33 72 72 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 103 34 " " `` cord-253024-b393ea2u 103 35 for for IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 103 36 primer primer NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 103 37 extension extension NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 103 38 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 104 1 The the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 104 2 products product NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 104 3 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 104 4 loaded load VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 104 5 onto onto IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 104 6 1 1 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 104 7 % % NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 104 8 agarose agarose JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 104 9 gels gel NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 104 10 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 104 11 TAE TAE NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 104 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 104 13 40 40 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 104 14 mltlTris mltlTris NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 104 15 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 104 16 9 9 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 104 17 mM mm CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 104 18 NaCI naci NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 104 19 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 104 20 1 1 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 104 21 mM mm CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 104 22 EDTA EDTA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 104 23 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 104 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 104 25 pH pH NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 104 26 8.0 8.0 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 104 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 104 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 104 29 separated separate VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 104 30 electrophoretically electrophoretically RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 104 31 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 104 32 stained stain VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 104 33 with with IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 104 34 ethidium ethidium NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 104 35 bromide bromide NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 104 36 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 104 37 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 104 38 visualized visualize VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 104 39 under under IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 104 40 UV uv NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 104 41 light light NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 104 42 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 105 1 The the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 105 2 DNA dna NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 105 3 products product NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 105 4 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 105 5 transferred transfer VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 105 6 to to IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 105 7 nitrocellulose nitrocellulose NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 105 8 filters filter NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 105 9 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 105 10 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 105 11 confirmed confirm VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 105 12 by by IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 105 13 hybridization hybridization NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 105 14 with with IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 105 15 32P 32p CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 105 16 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 105 17 labeled label VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 105 18 oligomer oligomer NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 105 19 probes probe NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 105 20 specific specific JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 105 21 for for IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 105 22 internal internal JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 105 23 sequences sequence NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 105 24 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 105 25 each each DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 105 26 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 105 27 fragment fragment NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 105 28 amplified amplify VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 105 29 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 106 1 Three three CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 106 2 sets set NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 106 3 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 106 4 overlapping overlap VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 106 5 primer primer NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 106 6 pairs pair NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 106 7 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 106 8 obtained obtain VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 106 9 from from IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 106 10 highly highly RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 106 11 conserved conserved JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 106 12 sequences sequence NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 106 13 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 106 14 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 106 15 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 106 16 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 106 17 A59 A59 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 106 18 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 106 19 JHM JHM NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 106 20 S S NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 106 21 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 106 22 genes gene NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 106 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 106 24 Banner Banner NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 106 25 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 106 26 a/. a/. NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 106 27 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 106 28 1990 1990 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 106 29 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 107 1 Luytjes Luytjes NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 107 2 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 107 3 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 107 4 . . NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 107 5 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 107 6 1987 1987 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 107 7 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 107 8 Parker Parker NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 107 9 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 107 10 a/. a/. NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 107 11 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 107 12 1990 1990 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 107 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 107 14 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 108 1 Set Set VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 109 1 A a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 109 2 was be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 109 3 derived derive VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 109 4 from from IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 109 5 sequences sequence NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 109 6 spanning span VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 109 7 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 109 8 -1 -1 JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 109 9 to to IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 109 10 15 15 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 109 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 109 12 CAT cat NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 109 13 GCT GCT NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 109 14 GGT GGT NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 109 15 CGT CGT NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 109 16 GTT GTT NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 109 17 T T NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 109 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 109 19 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 109 20 662 662 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 109 21 - - SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 109 22 677 677 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 110 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 110 2 AAC AAC NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 110 3 GTA GTA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 110 4 GTA GTA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 110 5 GCG GCG NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 110 6 GAG gag NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 110 7 G G NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 110 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 110 9 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 110 10 respectively respectively RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 110 11 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 110 12 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 110 13 should should MD cord-253024-b393ea2u 110 14 result result VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 110 15 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 110 16 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 110 17 DNA dna NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 110 18 fragment fragment NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 110 19 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 110 20 0.67 0.67 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 110 21 kb kb NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 110 22 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 110 23 length length NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 110 24 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 111 1 Set Set NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 111 2 B B NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 111 3 was be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 111 4 derived derive VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 111 5 from from IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 111 6 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 111 7 642 642 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 111 8 - - SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 111 9 662 662 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 112 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 112 2 GCG GCG NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 112 3 TAC TAC NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 112 4 TAT tat NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 112 5 TCG TCG NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 112 6 GAT GAT NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 112 7 AAA AAA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 112 8 CC CC NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 112 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 112 10 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 112 11 2 2 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 112 12 103 103 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 112 13 - - SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 112 14 2 2 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 112 15 115 115 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 112 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 112 17 CCC CCC NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 112 18 ACG ACG NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 112 19 ACC ACC NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 112 20 GAA GAA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 112 21 TAC TAC NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 112 22 G G NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 112 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 112 24 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 112 25 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 112 26 used use VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 112 27 to to TO cord-253024-b393ea2u 112 28 amplify amplify VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 112 29 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 112 30 -1.5-kb -1.5-kb CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 112 31 fragment fragment NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 112 32 encompassing encompass VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 112 33 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 112 34 hypervariable hypervariable JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 112 35 region region NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 112 36 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 112 37 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 112 38 Sl sl NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 112 39 domain domain NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 113 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 113 2 Banner Banner NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 113 3 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 113 4 a/. a/. NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 113 5 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 113 6 1990 1990 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 113 7 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 113 8 Parker Parker NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 113 9 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 113 10 a/. a/. NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 113 11 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 113 12 1990 1990 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 113 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 113 14 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 114 1 Set Set NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 114 2 C C NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 114 3 was be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 114 4 derived derive VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 114 5 from from IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 114 6 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 114 7 2067 2067 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 114 8 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 114 9 2083 2083 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 114 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 114 11 ACG ACG NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 114 12 GAT GAT NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 114 13 GAG GAG NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 114 14 GCG GCG NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 114 15 CTT CTT NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 114 16 C C NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 114 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 114 18 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 114 19 4055 4055 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 114 20 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 114 21 4070 4070 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 114 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 114 23 GTC GTC NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 114 24 llT llt NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 114 25 CCA CCA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 114 26 GGA GGA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 114 27 GAG gag NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 114 28 G G NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 114 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 114 30 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 114 31 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 114 32 used use VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 114 33 to to TO cord-253024-b393ea2u 114 34 amplify amplify VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 114 35 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 114 36 -2.0-kb -2.0-kb CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 114 37 fragment fragment NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 114 38 spanning span VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 114 39 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 114 40 C C NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 114 41 terminus terminus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 114 42 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 114 43 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 114 44 S S NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 114 45 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 114 46 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 114 47 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 115 1 Internal internal JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 115 2 oligodeoxynucleotides oligodeoxynucleotide NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 115 3 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 115 4 used use VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 115 5 as as IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 115 6 probe probe NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 115 7 to to TO cord-253024-b393ea2u 115 8 demonstrate demonstrate VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 115 9 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 115 10 specificity specificity NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 115 11 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 115 12 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 115 13 PCR PCR NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 115 14 reaction reaction NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 115 15 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 116 1 Six six CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 116 2 complementation complementation NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 116 3 group group NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 116 4 F F NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 116 5 RNA+ RNA+ NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 116 6 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 116 7 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 116 8 one one CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 116 9 group group NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 116 10 E E NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 116 11 RNA rna NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 116 12 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 116 13 mutant mutant NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 116 14 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 116 15 used use VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 116 16 during during IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 116 17 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 116 18 course course NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 116 19 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 116 20 this this DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 116 21 study study NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 116 22 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 117 1 Three three CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 117 2 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 117 3 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 117 4 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 117 5 ' ' POS cord-253024-b393ea2u 117 6 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 117 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 117 8 LA7 LA7 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 117 9 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 117 10 LA1 LA1 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 117 11 2 2 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 117 12 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 117 13 _SP cord-253024-b393ea2u 117 14 3.0 3.0 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 118 1 x x LS cord-253024-b393ea2u 118 2 lo7 lo7 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 118 3 1.0 1.0 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 118 4 x x SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 118 5 103 103 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 119 1 3.3 3.3 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 119 2 x x SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 119 3 1o-4 1o-4 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 120 1 1.1 1.1 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 120 2 x x SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 120 3 lo lo NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 120 4 * * NFP cord-253024-b393ea2u 121 1 1.0 1.0 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 121 2 x x SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 121 3 lo2 lo2 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 121 4 1.0 1.0 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 121 5 x x SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 121 6 10 10 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 121 7 - - SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 121 8 6 6 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 121 9 5.5 5.5 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 121 10 x x SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 121 11 107 107 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 122 1 1.3 1.3 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 122 2 x x SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 122 3 lo lo NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 122 4 * * NFP cord-253024-b393ea2u 122 5 2.4 2.4 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 122 6 X x NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 122 7 1O-6 1o-6 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 123 1 5.5 5.5 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 124 1 x x LS cord-253024-b393ea2u 125 1 lo7 lo7 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 125 2 9.5 9.5 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 125 3 x x SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 125 4 lo4 lo4 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 125 5 1.7 1.7 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 125 6 x x SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 125 7 10 10 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 125 8 - - SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 125 9 3 3 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 125 10 3.5 3.5 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 125 11 x x SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 125 12 10 10 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 125 13 ' ' '' cord-253024-b393ea2u 126 1 4.3 4.3 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 126 2 x x SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 126 3 lo3 lo3 JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 126 4 1.2 1.2 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 126 5 x x SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 126 6 1o-4 1o-4 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 126 7 7.8 7.8 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 126 8 x x SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 126 9 10 10 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 126 10 ' ' POS cord-253024-b393ea2u 126 11 1.4 1.4 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 126 12 x x SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 126 13 lo4 lo4 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 126 14 1.8 1.8 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 126 15 x x SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 126 16 1O-4 1o-4 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 127 1 6.9 6.9 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 127 2 X x NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 127 3 10 10 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 128 1 ' ' `` cord-253024-b393ea2u 128 2 8.7 8.7 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 128 3 x x SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 128 4 10 10 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 128 5 ' ' POS cord-253024-b393ea2u 128 6 1.2 1.2 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 128 7 x x NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 128 8 loo loo NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 129 1 7.3 7.3 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 129 2 x x NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 129 3 lo7 lo7 NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 130 1 7.2 7.2 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 130 2 X x NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 130 3 10 10 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 130 4 ' ' '' cord-253024-b393ea2u 131 1 1.0 1.0 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 131 2 x x SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 131 3 loo loo VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 131 4 9.1 9.1 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 131 5 x x SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 131 6 10 10 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 131 7 ' ' '' cord-253024-b393ea2u 132 1 9.5 9.5 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 132 2 x x NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 132 3 lo7 lo7 NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 132 4 1.0 1.0 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 132 5 x x SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 132 6 loo loo NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 133 1 2.1 2.1 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 134 1 x x LS cord-253024-b393ea2u 134 2 lo7 lo7 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 135 1 2.0 2.0 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 135 2 x x SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 135 3 10 10 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 135 4 ' ' POS cord-253024-b393ea2u 135 5 9.5 9.5 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 135 6 x x SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 135 7 10-l 10-l CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 135 8 8.5 8.5 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 135 9 X x NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 135 10 lo lo NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 135 11 * * NFP cord-253024-b393ea2u 135 12 5.5 5.5 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 135 13 x x SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 135 14 10 10 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 135 15 " " `` cord-253024-b393ea2u 135 16 6.4 6.4 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 135 17 X x NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 135 18 lo- lo- JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 135 19 ' ' CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 135 20 9.1 9.1 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 135 21 x x CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 135 22 lo7 lo7 NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 135 23 7.2 7.2 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 135 24 X x NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 135 25 10 10 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 135 26 " " CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 135 27 7.9 7.9 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 135 28 x x SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 135 29 10-Z 10-z CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 135 30 2.2 2.2 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 135 31 x x SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 135 32 10 10 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 135 33 ' ' CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 135 34 2.4 2.4 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 135 35 X x NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 135 36 lo7 lo7 NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 136 1 1.1 1.1 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 136 2 x x SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 136 3 loo loo NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 136 4 4.0 4.0 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 136 5 x x SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 136 6 10 10 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 137 1 ' ' `` cord-253024-b393ea2u 137 2 2.0 2.0 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 137 3 x x SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 137 4 lo6 lo6 VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 137 5 5.0 5.0 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 137 6 x x SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 137 7 10 10 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 137 8 - - SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 137 9 2 2 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 137 10 8.6 8.6 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 138 1 x x SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 138 2 10 10 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 138 3 ' ' '' cord-253024-b393ea2u 139 1 8.4 8.4 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 139 2 X x SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 139 3 10 10 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 139 4 ' ' '' cord-253024-b393ea2u 140 1 9.7 9.7 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 140 2 x x SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 140 3 10-l 10-l CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 140 4 1.2 1.2 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 140 5 x x NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 140 6 lo8 lo8 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 141 1 1.2 1.2 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 141 2 x x SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 141 3 lo8 lo8 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 141 4 1.0 1.0 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 141 5 x x SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 141 6 lo0 lo0 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 142 1 1.2 1.2 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 142 2 x x SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 142 3 lo8 lo8 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 143 1 1.2 1.2 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 143 2 x x SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 143 3 108 108 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 143 4 1.0 1.0 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 143 5 x x SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 143 6 loo loo NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 143 7 9.4 9.4 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 143 8 x x SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 143 9 10 10 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 143 10 ' ' '' cord-253024-b393ea2u 144 1 1.2 1.2 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 144 2 x x SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 144 3 108 108 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 144 4 1.2 1.2 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 144 5 x x NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 144 6 loo loo NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 144 7 8.2 8.2 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 144 8 X x NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 144 9 lo7 lo7 NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 144 10 9.2 9.2 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 144 11 x x NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 144 12 lo7 lo7 NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 144 13 1.1 1.1 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 144 14 x x SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 144 15 lo0 lo0 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 144 16 1.0 1.0 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 144 17 x x SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 144 18 108 108 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 145 1 9.0 9.0 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 145 2 x x SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 145 3 lo7 lo7 NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 145 4 9.0 9.0 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 146 1 x x LS cord-253024-b393ea2u 146 2 10-l 10-l CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 146 3 9.2 9.2 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 146 4 x x SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 146 5 10 10 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 146 6 ' ' POS cord-253024-b393ea2u 146 7 8.5 8.5 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 146 8 x x SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 146 9 10 10 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 146 10 ' ' '' cord-253024-b393ea2u 147 1 9.2 9.2 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 148 1 x x LS cord-253024-b393ea2u 148 2 10-l 10-l CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 148 3 2.8 2.8 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 148 4 X x SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 148 5 10 10 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 148 6 ' ' '' cord-253024-b393ea2u 149 1 3.2 3.2 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 149 2 X x SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 149 3 10 10 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 149 4 ' ' POS cord-253024-b393ea2u 149 5 1.1 1.1 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 149 6 x x SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 149 7 loo loo NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 150 1 5.2 5.2 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 150 2 x x NFP cord-253024-b393ea2u 151 1 lo7 lo7 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 152 1 4.5 4.5 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 152 2 x x SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 152 3 10 10 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 152 4 ' ' CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 152 5 8.6 8.6 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 152 6 x x SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 152 7 10-J 10-j CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 152 8 4.7 4.7 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 152 9 x x SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 152 10 10 10 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 152 11 ' ' '' cord-253024-b393ea2u 153 1 4.6 4.6 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 153 2 X x NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 153 3 10 10 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 153 4 ' ' '' cord-253024-b393ea2u 154 1 9.7 9.7 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 154 2 x x SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 154 3 10-l 10-l CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 154 4 5.9 5.9 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 154 5 x x SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 154 6 10 10 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 154 7 ' ' '' cord-253024-b393ea2u 155 1 4.8 4.8 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 155 2 X x SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 155 3 10 10 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 155 4 ' ' '' cord-253024-b393ea2u 156 1 8.1 8.1 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 156 2 x x SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 156 3 10-l 10-l CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 156 4 + + CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 156 5 + + CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 157 1 + + CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 158 1 + + CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 159 1 + + CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 160 1 + + CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 161 1 + + CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 161 2 + + CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 161 3 " " `` cord-253024-b393ea2u 161 4 Calculated calculate VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 161 5 as as IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 161 6 39.5132 39.5132 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 161 7 " " `` cord-253024-b393ea2u 161 8 NC6 NC6 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 161 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 161 10 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 161 11 one one CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 161 12 RNA rna NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 161 13 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 161 14 mutant mutant JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 161 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 161 16 LA1 LA1 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 161 17 8) 8) NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 161 18 have have VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 161 19 been be VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 161 20 characterized characterize VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 161 21 previously previously RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 162 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 162 2 Schaad Schaad NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 162 3 el el NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 162 4 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 162 5 . . NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 162 6 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 162 7 1990 1990 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 162 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 162 9 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 163 1 To to TO cord-253024-b393ea2u 163 2 increase increase VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 163 3 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 163 4 accuracy accuracy NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 163 5 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 163 6 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 163 7 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 163 8 map map NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 163 9 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 163 10 obtain obtain VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 163 11 more more JJR cord-253024-b393ea2u 163 12 representative representative JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 163 13 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 163 14 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 163 15 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 163 16 S S NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 163 17 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 163 18 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 163 19 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 163 20 three three CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 163 21 additional additional JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 163 22 RNA+ RNA+ NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 163 23 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 163 24 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 163 25 isolated isolate VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 163 26 by by IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 163 27 mutagenesis mutagenesis NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 163 28 as as IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 163 29 previously previously RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 163 30 described describe VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 163 31 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 164 1 Two two CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 164 2 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 164 3 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 164 4 isolated isolate VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 164 5 following follow VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 164 6 mutagenesis mutagenesis NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 164 7 with with IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 164 8 100 100 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 164 9 pg pg NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 164 10 / / SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 164 11 ml ml NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 164 12 5-fluorouracil 5-fluorouracil CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 164 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 164 14 NC14 NC14 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 164 15 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 164 16 NC16 NC16 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 164 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 164 18 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 164 19 one one CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 164 20 mutant mutant JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 164 21 with with IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 164 22 20 20 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 164 23 pg pg NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 164 24 / / SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 164 25 ml ml NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 164 26 5-azacytidine 5-azacytidine CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 164 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 164 28 NC17 NC17 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 164 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 164 30 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 165 1 All all DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 165 2 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 165 3 had have VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 165 4 reversion reversion NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 165 5 frequencies frequency NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 165 6 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 165 7 less less JJR cord-253024-b393ea2u 165 8 than than IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 165 9 10e3 10e3 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 165 10 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 165 11 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 165 12 did do VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 165 13 not not RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 165 14 complement complement VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 165 15 each each DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 165 16 others other NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 165 17 defect defect VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 165 18 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 165 19 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 165 20 restrictive restrictive JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 165 21 temperature temperature NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 165 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 165 23 Table table NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 165 24 1 1 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 165 25 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 165 26 data datum NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 165 27 not not RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 165 28 shown show VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 165 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 165 30 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 166 1 All all DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 166 2 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 166 3 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 166 4 RNA+ RNA+ NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 166 5 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 166 6 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 166 7 capable capable JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 166 8 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 166 9 transcribing transcribe VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 166 10 viral viral JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 166 11 mRNA mrna NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 166 12 when when WRB cord-253024-b393ea2u 166 13 maintained maintain VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 166 14 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 166 15 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 166 16 restrictive restrictive JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 166 17 temperature temperature NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 166 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 166 19 data datum NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 166 20 not not RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 166 21 shown show VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 166 22 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 166 23 Table Table NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 166 24 1 1 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 166 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 166 26 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 167 1 While while IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 167 2 NC14 NC14 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 167 3 produced produce VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 167 4 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 167 5 small small JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 167 6 amount amount NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 167 7 syncytium syncytium NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 167 8 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 167 9 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 167 10 remainder remainder NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 167 11 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 167 12 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 167 13 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 167 14 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 167 15 not not RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 167 16 capable capable JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 167 17 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 167 18 giant giant JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 167 19 cell cell NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 167 20 formation formation NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 167 21 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 167 22 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 167 23 restrictive restrictive JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 167 24 temperature temperature NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 167 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 167 26 Fig fig NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 167 27 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 167 28 1 1 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 167 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 167 30 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 168 1 To to TO cord-253024-b393ea2u 168 2 assist assist VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 168 3 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 168 4 precisely precisely RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 168 5 defining define VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 168 6 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 168 7 location location NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 168 8 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 168 9 these these DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 168 10 mutations mutation NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 168 11 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 168 12 examining examine VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 168 13 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 168 14 mechanism mechanism NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 168 15 for for IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 168 16 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 168 17 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 168 18 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 168 19 within within IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 168 20 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 168 21 S S NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 168 22 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 168 23 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 168 24 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 168 25 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 168 26 panel panel NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 168 27 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 168 28 revertants revertant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 168 29 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 168 30 obtained obtain VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 168 31 from from IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 168 32 six six CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 168 33 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 168 34 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 168 35 RNA+ RNA+ NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 168 36 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 168 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 168 38 Table table NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 168 39 1 1 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 168 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 168 41 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 169 1 Revertant Revertant NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 169 2 viruses virus NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 169 3 had have VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 169 4 similar similar JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 169 5 titers titer NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 169 6 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 169 7 produced produce VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 169 8 syncytium syncytium NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 169 9 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 169 10 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 169 11 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 169 12 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 169 13 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 169 14 RNA+ RNA+ NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 169 15 phenotype phenotype NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 169 16 when when WRB cord-253024-b393ea2u 169 17 assayed assay VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 169 18 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 169 19 both both CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 169 20 permissive permissive JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 169 21 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 169 22 restrictive restrictive JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 169 23 temperatures temperature NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 169 24 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 170 1 To to TO cord-253024-b393ea2u 170 2 conclusively conclusively RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 170 3 document document VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 170 4 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 170 5 revertant revertant JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 170 6 phenotype phenotype NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 170 7 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 170 8 determine determine VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 170 9 if if IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 170 10 growth growth NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 170 11 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 170 12 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 170 13 similar similar JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 170 14 to to IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 170 15 parental parental JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 170 16 controls control NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 170 17 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 170 18 growth growth NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 170 19 curves curve NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 170 20 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 170 21 compared compare VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 170 22 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 170 23 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 170 24 permissive permissive JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 170 25 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 170 26 restrictive restrictive JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 170 27 temperatures temperature NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 170 28 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 171 1 Cultures culture NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 171 2 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 171 3 cells cell NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 171 4 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 171 5 infected infect VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 171 6 with with IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 171 7 NC1 NC1 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 171 8 6 6 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 171 9 or or CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 171 10 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-253024-b393ea2u 171 11 revertant revertant NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 171 12 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 171 13 NC1 NC1 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 171 14 6-Rl 6-Rl NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 171 15 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 171 16 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 171 17 32 32 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 171 18 " " '' cord-253024-b393ea2u 171 19 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 171 20 shifted shift VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 171 21 to to IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 171 22 39.5 39.5 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 171 23 " " '' cord-253024-b393ea2u 171 24 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 171 25 5.0 5.0 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 171 26 hr hr NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 171 27 postinfection postinfection NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 171 28 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 172 1 Viral viral JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 172 2 progeny progeny NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 172 3 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 172 4 harvested harvest VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 172 5 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 172 6 different different JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 172 7 times time NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 172 8 after after IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 172 9 infection infection NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 172 10 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 172 11 assayed assay VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 172 12 by by IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 172 13 plaque plaque NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 172 14 assay assay NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 172 15 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 172 16 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 172 17 permissive permissive JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 172 18 temperature temperature NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 172 19 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 173 1 Similar similar JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 173 2 growth growth NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 173 3 curves curve NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 173 4 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 173 5 evident evident JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 173 6 between between IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 173 7 ts ts NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 173 8 NC1 NC1 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 173 9 6 6 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 173 10 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 173 11 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-253024-b393ea2u 173 12 revertant revertant NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 173 13 NC1 NC1 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 173 14 6-Rl 6-rl CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 173 15 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 173 16 cultures culture NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 173 17 maintained maintain VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 173 18 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 173 19 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 173 20 permissive permissive JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 173 21 temperature temperature NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 173 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 173 23 Fig fig NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 173 24 . . NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 173 25 2 2 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 173 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 173 27 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 174 1 However however RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 174 2 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 174 3 following follow VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 174 4 temperature temperature NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 174 5 shift shift NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 174 6 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 174 7 growth growth NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 174 8 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 174 9 ts ts NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 174 10 NC16 NC16 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 174 11 was be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 174 12 inhibited inhibit VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 174 13 significantly significantly RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 174 14 under under IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 174 15 conditions condition NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 174 16 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 174 17 which which WDT cord-253024-b393ea2u 174 18 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 174 19 revertant revertant NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 174 20 replicated replicate VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 174 21 normally normally RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 174 22 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 175 1 Similar similar JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 175 2 results result NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 175 3 have have VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 175 4 also also RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 175 5 been be VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 175 6 obtained obtain VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 175 7 with with IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 175 8 other other JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 175 9 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 175 10 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 175 11 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-253024-b393ea2u 175 12 revertants revertant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 175 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 175 14 data datum NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 175 15 not not RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 175 16 shown show VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 175 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 175 18 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 176 1 To to TO cord-253024-b393ea2u 176 2 assess assess VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 176 3 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 176 4 ability ability NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 176 5 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 176 6 these these DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 176 7 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 176 8 to to TO cord-253024-b393ea2u 176 9 be be VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 176 10 used use VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 176 11 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 176 12 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 176 13 studies study NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 176 14 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 176 15 we -PRON- PRP cord-253024-b393ea2u 176 16 performed perform VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 176 17 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 176 18 series series NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 176 19 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 176 20 crosses crosse NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 176 21 between between IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 176 22 different different JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 176 23 group group NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 176 24 F f NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 176 25 ts ts NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 176 26 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 176 27 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 176 28 examined examine VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 176 29 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 176 30 differences difference NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 176 31 between between IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 176 32 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 176 33 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 176 34 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 176 35 reversion reversion NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 176 36 frequencies frequency NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 176 37 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 177 1 Cultures culture NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 177 2 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 177 3 cells cell NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 177 4 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 177 5 infected infect VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 177 6 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 177 7 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 177 8 m.o.i m.o.i NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 177 9 . . NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 177 10 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 177 11 10 10 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 177 12 each each DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 177 13 with with IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 177 14 two two CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 177 15 different different JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 177 16 ts ts NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 177 17 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 177 18 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 177 19 maintained maintain VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 177 20 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 177 21 32 32 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 177 22 " " `` cord-253024-b393ea2u 177 23 for for IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 177 24 14 14 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 177 25 hr hr NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 177 26 postinfection postinfection NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 177 27 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 178 1 The the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 178 2 progeny progeny NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 178 3 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 178 4 harvested harvest VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 178 5 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 178 6 titered titere VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 178 7 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 178 8 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 178 9 permissive permissive JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 178 10 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 178 11 restrictive restrictive JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 178 12 temperatures temperature NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 178 13 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 179 1 Recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 179 2 frequencies frequency NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 179 3 ranged range VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 179 4 from from IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 179 5 as as RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 179 6 little little JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 179 7 as as IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 179 8 0.1 0.1 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 179 9 % % NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 179 10 to to IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 179 11 > > XX cord-253024-b393ea2u 179 12 4.00/0 4.00/0 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 179 13 suggesting suggest VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 179 14 that that IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 179 15 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 179 16 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 179 17 map map VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 179 18 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 179 19 different different JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 179 20 locations location NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 179 21 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 179 22 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 179 23 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 179 24 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 180 1 The the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 180 2 ratio ratio NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 180 3 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 180 4 recombinants recombinant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 180 5 to to IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 180 6 revertants revertant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 180 7 ranged range VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 180 8 from from IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 180 9 9 9 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 180 10 to to IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 180 11 3 3 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 180 12 140 140 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 180 13 times time NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 180 14 higher high JJR cord-253024-b393ea2u 180 15 than than IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 180 16 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 180 17 sum sum NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 180 18 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 180 19 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 180 20 spontaneous spontaneous JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 180 21 reversion reversion NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 180 22 frequencies frequency NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 180 23 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 180 24 each each DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 180 25 individual individual JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 180 26 ts ts NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 180 27 mutant mutant NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 180 28 used use VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 180 29 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 180 30 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 180 31 cross cross NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 180 32 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 180 33 indicated indicate VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 180 34 that that IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 180 35 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 180 36 mapping mapping NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 180 37 was be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 180 38 feasible feasible JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 180 39 throughout throughout IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 180 40 this this DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 180 41 region region NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 180 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 180 43 Table table NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 180 44 2 2 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 180 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 180 46 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 181 1 The the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 181 2 extent extent NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 181 3 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 181 4 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 181 5 difference difference NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 181 6 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 181 7 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 181 8 ratio ratio NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 181 9 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 181 10 recombinants recombinant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 181 11 to to IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 181 12 revertants revertant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 181 13 probably probably RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 181 14 reflected reflect VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 181 15 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 181 16 stability stability NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 181 17 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 181 18 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 181 19 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 181 20 used use VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 181 21 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 181 22 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 181 23 cross cross NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 181 24 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 181 25 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 181 26 distance distance NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 181 27 between between IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 181 28 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 181 29 individual individual JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 181 30 ts ts NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 181 31 lesions lesion NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 181 32 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 182 1 Establishing establish VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 182 2 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 182 3 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 182 4 map map NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 182 5 for for IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 182 6 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 182 7 group group NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 182 8 F F NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 182 9 RNA+ RNA+ NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 182 10 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 183 1 In in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 183 2 contrast contrast NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 183 3 to to IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 183 4 poliovirus poliovirus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 183 5 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 183 6 apthovirus apthovirus NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 183 7 ts ts NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 183 8 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 183 9 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 183 10 MHVA59 MHVA59 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 183 11 ts ts NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 183 12 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 183 13 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 183 14 amenable amenable JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 183 15 to to IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 183 16 complementa- complementa- VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 183 17 tion tion NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 183 18 analysis analysis NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 183 19 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 183 20 providing provide VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 183 21 strong strong JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 183 22 evidence evidence NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 183 23 that that IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 183 24 all all DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 183 25 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 183 26 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 183 27 RNA+ RNA+ NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 183 28 ts ts NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 183 29 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 183 30 used use VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 183 31 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 183 32 this this DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 183 33 study study NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 183 34 contain contain VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 183 35 defects defect NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 183 36 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 183 37 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 183 38 single single JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 183 39 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 183 40 or or CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 183 41 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 183 42 noncomplementable noncomplementable JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 183 43 function function NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 183 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 183 45 Koolen Koolen NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 183 46 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 183 47 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 183 48 . . NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 183 49 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 183 50 1983 1983 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 183 51 ; ; . cord-253024-b393ea2u 184 1 Leibowitz Leibowitz NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 184 2 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 184 3 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 184 4 . . NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 184 5 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 184 6 1982 1982 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 185 1 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 185 2 Martin Martin NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 185 3 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 185 4 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 185 5 . . NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 185 6 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 185 7 1988 1988 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 185 8 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 185 9 Schaad Schaad NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 185 10 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 185 11 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 185 12 . . NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 185 13 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 185 14 1990 1990 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 185 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 185 16 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 186 1 All all DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 186 2 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 186 3 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 186 4 originally originally RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 186 5 crossed cross VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 186 6 three three CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 186 7 to to TO cord-253024-b393ea2u 186 8 five five CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 186 9 times time NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 186 10 with with IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 186 11 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 186 12 reference reference NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 186 13 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 186 14 LA7 LA7 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 186 15 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 186 16 NC16 NC16 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 186 17 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 186 18 or or CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 186 19 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 186 20 group group NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 186 21 E E NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 186 22 RNA rna NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 186 23 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 186 24 mutant mutant JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 186 25 LA18 LA18 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 186 26 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 186 27 standardized standardize VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 186 28 to to IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 186 29 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 186 30 reference reference NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 186 31 cross cross NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 186 32 LA7 LA7 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 186 33 X X NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 186 34 NC16 NC16 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 186 35 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 187 1 To to TO cord-253024-b393ea2u 187 2 obtain obtain VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 187 3 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 187 4 more more RBR cord-253024-b393ea2u 187 5 detailed detailed JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 187 6 map map NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 187 7 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 187 8 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 187 9 group group NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 187 10 F F NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 187 11 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 187 12 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 187 13 crosses crosse NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 187 14 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 187 15 also also RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 187 16 performed perform VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 187 17 among among IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 187 18 each each DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 187 19 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 187 20 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 187 21 viruses virus NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 187 22 used use VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 187 23 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 187 24 this this DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 187 25 study study NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 187 26 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 187 27 standardized standardize VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 187 28 to to IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 187 29 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 187 30 reference reference NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 187 31 cross cross NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 187 32 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 188 1 The the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 188 2 results result NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 188 3 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 188 4 these these DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 188 5 experiments experiment NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 188 6 are be VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 188 7 shown show VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 188 8 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 188 9 Table Table NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 188 10 3 3 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 188 11 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 189 1 The the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 189 2 distances distance NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 189 3 between between IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 189 4 different different JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 189 5 ts ts NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 189 6 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 189 7 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 189 8 within within IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 189 9 statistical statistical JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 189 10 limits limit NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 189 11 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 189 12 permitted permit VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 189 13 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 189 14 construction construction NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 189 15 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 189 16 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 189 17 genetic genetic JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 189 18 map map NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 189 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 189 20 Fig Fig NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 189 21 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 189 22 3 3 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 189 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 189 24 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 190 1 On on IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 190 2 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 190 3 basis basis NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 190 4 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 190 5 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-253024-b393ea2u 190 6 genetic genetic JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 190 7 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 190 8 frequencies frequency NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 190 9 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 190 10 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 190 11 group group NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 190 12 F F NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 190 13 RNA+ RNA+ NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 190 14 ts ts NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 190 15 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 190 16 appeared appear VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 190 17 to to TO cord-253024-b393ea2u 190 18 map map VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 190 19 into into IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 190 20 two two CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 190 21 distinct distinct JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 190 22 domains domain NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 190 23 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 190 24 designated designate VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 190 25 Fl Fl NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 190 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 190 27 LA7 LA7 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 190 28 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 190 29 LA12 LA12 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 190 30 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 190 31 NC6 nc6 NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 190 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 190 33 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 190 34 F2 F2 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 190 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 190 36 NC14 NC14 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 190 37 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 190 38 NC16 NC16 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 190 39 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 190 40 NC17 NC17 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 190 41 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 190 42 LA1 LA1 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 190 43 2 2 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 190 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 190 45 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 191 1 Ts Ts NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 191 2 LA1 LA1 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 191 3 2 2 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 191 4 mapped map VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 191 5 closely closely RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 191 6 to to IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 191 7 representative representative JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 191 8 mu mu NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 191 9 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 191 10 tants tant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 191 11 within within IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 191 12 each each DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 191 13 subgroup subgroup NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 191 14 suggesting suggest VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 191 15 that that IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 191 16 it -PRON- PRP cord-253024-b393ea2u 191 17 may may MD cord-253024-b393ea2u 191 18 be be VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 191 19 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 191 20 double double JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 191 21 mutant mutant NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 191 22 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 192 1 Assuming assume VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 192 2 that that IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 192 3 crossover crossover NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 192 4 events event NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 192 5 occur occur VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 192 6 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 192 7 both both DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 192 8 directions direction NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 192 9 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 192 10 that that IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 192 11 NC6 NC6 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 192 12 / / SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 192 13 LA7 LA7 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 192 14 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 192 15 NC NC NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 192 16 14 14 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 192 17 / / SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 192 18 NC NC NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 192 19 16 16 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 192 20 map map NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 192 21 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 192 22 different different JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 192 23 ends end NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 192 24 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 192 25 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 192 26 4.0-kb 4.0-kb CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 192 27 S s NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 192 28 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 192 29 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 192 30 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 192 31 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 192 32 1 1 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 192 33 % % NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 192 34 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 192 35 frequency frequency NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 192 36 occurred occur VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 192 37 over over IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 192 38 575 575 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 192 39 - - SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 192 40 667 667 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 192 41 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 192 42 pairs pair NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 192 43 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 192 44 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 192 45 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 193 1 Since since IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 193 2 these these DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 193 3 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 193 4 do do VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 193 5 not not RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 193 6 produce produce VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 193 7 syncytium syncytium NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 193 8 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 193 9 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 193 10 restrictive restrictive JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 193 11 temperature temperature NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 193 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 193 13 Fig fig NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 193 14 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 193 15 _SP cord-253024-b393ea2u 194 1 1 1 LS cord-253024-b393ea2u 194 2 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 195 1 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 195 2 sequence sequence NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 195 3 analysis analysis NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 195 4 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 195 5 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 195 6 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 195 7 viruses virus NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 196 1 suggested suggest VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 196 2 that that IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 196 3 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 196 4 defect defect NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 196 5 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 196 6 LA7 la7 NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 196 7 mapped map VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 196 8 within within IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 196 9 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 196 10 first first JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 196 11 1 1 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 196 12 .l .l CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 196 13 kb kb NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 196 14 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 196 15 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 196 16 S S NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 196 17 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 196 18 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 196 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 196 20 Banner Banner NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 196 21 et et FW cord-253024-b393ea2u 196 22 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 196 23 . . NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 196 24 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 196 25 1990 1990 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 196 26 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 196 27 Keck Keck NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 196 28 eta/. eta/. CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 196 29 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 196 30 1987 1987 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 196 31 Keck Keck NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 196 32 eta/. eta/. NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 196 33 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 196 34 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 197 1 1988a 1988a CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 197 2 Makino Makino NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 197 3 eta/. eta/. NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 197 4 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 198 1 1986b 1986b CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 198 2 Makino Makino NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 198 3 eta/. eta/. NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 198 4 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 198 5 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 198 6 1987 1987 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 198 7 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 198 8 these these DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 198 9 data datum NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 198 10 provided provide VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 198 11 an an DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 198 12 anchor anchor NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 198 13 for for IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 198 14 mapping map VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 198 15 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 198 16 location location NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 198 17 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 198 18 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 198 19 remaining remain VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 198 20 group group NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 198 21 F F NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 198 22 RNA+ RNA+ NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 198 23 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 198 24 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 199 1 These these DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 199 2 data datum NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 199 3 predicted predict VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 199 4 that that IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 199 5 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 199 6 Fl Fl NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 199 7 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 199 8 map map VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 199 9 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 199 10 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 199 11 Sl sl NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 199 12 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 199 13 while while IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 199 14 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 199 15 F2 F2 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 199 16 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 199 17 map map VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 199 18 within within IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 199 19 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 199 20 S2 s2 NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 199 21 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 199 22 sequences sequence NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 199 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 199 24 Fig Fig NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 199 25 . . NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 199 26 4 4 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 199 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 199 28 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 200 1 Comparisons comparison NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 200 2 between between IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 200 3 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 200 4 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 200 5 frequencies frequency NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 200 6 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 200 7 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 200 8 polymerase polymerase NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 200 9 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 200 10 S S NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 200 11 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 200 12 genes gene NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 200 13 Using use VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 200 14 well well RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 200 15 characterized characterize VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 200 16 ts ts NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 200 17 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 200 18 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 200 19 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 200 20 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 200 21 A59 A59 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 200 22 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 200 23 we -PRON- PRP cord-253024-b393ea2u 200 24 have have VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 200 25 predicted predict VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 200 26 that that IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 200 27 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 200 28 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 200 29 frequency frequency NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 200 30 between between IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 200 31 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 200 32 group group NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 200 33 F F NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 200 34 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 200 35 ' ' POS cord-253024-b393ea2u 200 36 mutant mutant JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 200 37 LA7 la7 NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 200 38 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 200 39 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 200 40 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 200 41 group group NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 201 1 A a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 201 2 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 201 3 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 201 4 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 201 5 LA6 LA6 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 201 6 / / SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 201 7 LA3 LA3 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 201 8 to to TO cord-253024-b393ea2u 201 9 be be VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 201 10 approximately approximately RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 201 11 l%/ l%/ . cord-253024-b393ea2u 202 1 1300-l 1300-l LS cord-253024-b393ea2u 202 2 400 400 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 202 3 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 202 4 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 202 5 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 203 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 203 2 Fig Fig NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 203 3 . . NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 203 4 5 5 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 203 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 203 6 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 204 1 To to TO cord-253024-b393ea2u 204 2 determine determine VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 204 3 if if IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 204 4 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 204 5 frequencies frequency NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 204 6 vary vary VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 204 7 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 204 8 different different JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 204 9 portions portion NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 204 10 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 204 11 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 204 12 genome genome NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 204 13 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 204 14 we -PRON- PRP cord-253024-b393ea2u 204 15 compared compare VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 204 16 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 204 17 maximum maximum JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 204 18 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 204 19 frequencies frequency NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 204 20 between between IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 204 21 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 204 22 spanning span VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 204 23 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 204 24 polymerase polymerase NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 204 25 genes gene NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 204 26 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 204 27 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 205 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 205 2 Group Group NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 205 3 A A NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 206 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 206 2 LA3 LA3 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 206 3 / / SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 206 4 LA6 LA6 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 206 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 207 1 X X NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 207 2 Group Group NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 207 3 E E NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 207 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 207 5 LA1 LA1 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 207 6 8) 8) NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 207 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 208 1 across across IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 208 2 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 208 3 B B NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 208 4 encoding encode VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 208 5 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 208 6 p30 p30 NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 208 7 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 208 8 HE HE NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 208 9 genes gene NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 208 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 208 11 Group group NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 208 12 E E NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 208 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 208 14 LA18 LA18 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 208 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 208 16 X X NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 208 17 Group Group NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 208 18 F F NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 208 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 208 20 LA7 LA7 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 208 21 / / SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 208 22 LA12 LA12 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 208 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 208 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 208 25 or or CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 208 26 through through IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 208 27 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 208 28 S S NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 208 29 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 208 30 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 208 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 208 32 Group Group NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 208 33 F F NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 208 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 208 35 LA7 LA7 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 208 36 X X NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 208 37 NC16INC14 NC16INC14 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 208 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 208 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 208 40 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 209 1 All all DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 209 2 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 209 3 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 209 4 crossed cross VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 209 5 three three CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 209 6 to to TO cord-253024-b393ea2u 209 7 five five CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 209 8 times time NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 209 9 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 209 10 average average JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 209 11 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 209 12 frequencies frequency NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 209 13 calculated calculate VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 209 14 as as IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 209 15 previously previously RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 209 16 described describe VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 209 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 209 18 Fig Fig NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 209 19 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 209 20 5 5 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 209 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 209 22 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 210 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 210 2 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 210 3 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 210 4 maximum maximum JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 210 5 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 210 6 frequency frequency NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 210 7 predicted predict VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 210 8 between between IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 210 9 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 210 10 two two CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 210 11 most most RBS cord-253024-b393ea2u 210 12 distant distant JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 210 13 ts ts NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 210 14 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 210 15 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 210 16 complementation complementation NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 210 17 groups group NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 211 1 A a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 212 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 212 2 LA3 LA3 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 212 3 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 212 4 LA6 LA6 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 212 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 212 6 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 212 7 E E NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 212 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 212 9 LA18 LA18 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 212 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 212 11 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 212 12 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 212 13 22-kb 22-kb CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 212 14 polymerase polymerase NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 212 15 region region NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 212 16 ranged range VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 212 17 from from IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 212 18 about about RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 212 19 1%/l 1%/l CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 212 20 800 800 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 213 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 213 2 LA1 LA1 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 213 3 8 8 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 213 4 X X NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 213 5 LA3 LA3 NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 213 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 213 7 to to IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 213 8 1 1 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 213 9 % % NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 214 1 I2500 I2500 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 215 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 215 2 LA1 LA1 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 215 3 8 8 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 215 4 X X NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 215 5 LA6 LA6 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 215 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 215 7 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 215 8 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 215 9 ds ds NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 215 10 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 215 11 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 216 1 The the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 216 2 maximum maximum JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 216 3 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 216 4 frequency frequency NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 216 5 predicted predict VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 216 6 between between IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 216 7 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 216 8 group group NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 216 9 E e NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 216 10 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 216 11 F F NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 216 12 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 216 13 that that WDT cord-253024-b393ea2u 216 14 spanned span VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 216 15 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 216 16 p30 p30 NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 216 17 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 216 18 HE HE NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 216 19 genes gene NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 216 20 ranged range VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 216 21 from from IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 216 22 about about RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 216 23 1%/l 1%/l CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 216 24 100 100 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 217 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 217 2 LA1 LA1 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 217 3 2 2 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 217 4 X X NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 217 5 LA1 la1 NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 217 6 8) 8) NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 217 7 to to IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 217 8 1 1 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 217 9 % % NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 218 1 /1400 /1400 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 218 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 218 3 LA7 LA7 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 218 4 X X NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 218 5 LA18 LA18 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 218 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 218 7 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 218 8 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 218 9 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 218 10 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 219 1 Since since IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 219 2 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 219 3 maximum maximum JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 219 4 predicted predict VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 219 5 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 219 6 frequency frequency NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 219 7 across across IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 219 8 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 219 9 4.0-kb 4.0-kb CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 219 10 S s NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 219 11 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 219 12 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 219 13 ranged range VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 219 14 from from IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 219 15 about about RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 219 16 1 1 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 219 17 o/0/575 o/0/575 NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 220 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 220 2 LA7 LA7 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 220 3 x x SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 220 4 NC NC NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 220 5 14 14 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 220 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 220 7 to to IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 220 8 1 1 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 220 9 O o NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 220 10 / / SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 220 11 o/667 o/667 VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 221 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 221 2 LA7 LA7 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 221 3 X X NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 221 4 NC NC NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 221 5 16 16 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 221 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 221 7 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 221 8 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 221 9 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 221 10 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 221 11 these these DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 221 12 data datum NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 221 13 suggested suggest VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 221 14 that that IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 221 15 variable variable JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 221 16 rates rate NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 221 17 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 221 18 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 221 19 occurwithin occurwithin JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 221 20 different different JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 221 21 portions portion NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 221 22 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 221 23 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 221 24 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 221 25 genome genome NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 221 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 221 27 Figure figure NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 221 28 5 5 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 221 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 221 30 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 222 1 Are be VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 222 2 deletions deletion NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 222 3 contributing contribute VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 222 4 to to IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 222 5 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 222 6 increased increase VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 222 7 rates rate NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 222 8 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 222 9 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 222 10 among among IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 222 11 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 222 12 group group NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 222 13 F F NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 222 14 RNA+ RNA+ NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 222 15 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 222 16 ? ? . cord-253024-b393ea2u 223 1 Extensive extensive JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 223 2 amounts amount NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 223 3 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 223 4 polymorphism polymorphism NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 223 5 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 223 6 deletion deletion NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 223 7 have have VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 223 8 been be VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 223 9 detected detect VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 223 10 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 223 11 both both CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 223 12 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 223 13 HE HE NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 223 14 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 223 15 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 223 16 S S NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 223 17 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 223 18 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 223 19 sequences sequence NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 223 20 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 223 21 different different JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 223 22 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 223 23 strains strain NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 223 24 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 223 25 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 223 26 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 223 27 sequence sequence NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 223 28 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 223 29 other other JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 223 30 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 224 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 224 2 Banner Banner NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 224 3 et et FW cord-253024-b393ea2u 224 4 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 224 5 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 225 1 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 225 2 1990 1990 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 225 3 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 225 4 Boireau Boireau NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 225 5 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 225 6 a/. a/. NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 225 7 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 226 1 1990 1990 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 226 2 Parker Parker NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 226 3 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 226 4 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 226 5 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 227 1 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 227 2 1990 1990 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 227 3 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 227 4 Rasschaert Rasschaert NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 227 5 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 227 6 a/. a/. NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 227 7 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 227 8 1990 1990 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 227 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 227 10 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 228 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-253024-b393ea2u 228 2 is be VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 228 3 possible possible JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 228 4 that that IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 228 5 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 228 6 increased increase VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 228 7 rate rate NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 228 8 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 228 9 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 228 10 within within IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 228 11 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 228 12 S S NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 228 13 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 228 14 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 228 15 may may MD cord-253024-b393ea2u 228 16 represent represent VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 228 17 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 228 18 sum sum NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 228 19 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 228 20 homologous homologous JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 228 21 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 228 22 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 228 23 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 228 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 228 25 homologous homologous JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 228 26 or or CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 228 27 nonhomologous nonhomologous NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 228 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 228 29 resulting result VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 228 30 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 228 31 deletions deletion NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 228 32 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 229 1 To to TO cord-253024-b393ea2u 229 2 test test VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 229 3 this this DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 229 4 possibility possibility NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 229 5 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 229 6 cultures culture NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 229 7 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 229 8 cells cell NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 229 9 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 229 10 infected infect VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 229 11 with with IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 229 12 various various JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 229 13 combinations combination NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 229 14 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 229 15 ts ts JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 229 16 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 229 17 as as IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 229 18 shown show VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 229 19 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 229 20 Fig Fig NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 229 21 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 230 1 4 4 LS cord-253024-b393ea2u 230 2 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 230 3 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 230 4 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 230 5 viruses virus NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 230 6 isolated isolate VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 230 7 14 14 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 230 8 hr hr NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 230 9 postinfection postinfection NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 230 10 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 231 1 Since since IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 231 2 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 231 3 ratio ratio NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 231 4 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 231 5 recombinants recombinant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 231 6 / / SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 231 7 revertants revertant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 231 8 ranged range VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 231 9 from from IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 231 10 9 9 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 231 11 to to IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 231 12 3 3 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 231 13 140 140 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 231 14 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 231 15 these these DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 231 16 crosses crosse NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 231 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 231 18 Table table NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 231 19 2 2 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 231 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 232 1 these these DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 232 2 data datum NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 232 3 suggested suggest VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 232 4 that that IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 232 5 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 232 6 majority majority NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 232 7 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 232 8 ts+ ts+ NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 232 9 isolates isolate NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 232 10 represented represent VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 232 11 true true JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 232 12 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 232 13 recombinants recombinant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 232 14 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 232 15 not not RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 232 16 revertants revertant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 232 17 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 233 1 Based base VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 233 2 on on IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 233 3 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 233 4 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 233 5 rate rate NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 233 6 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 233 7 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 233 8 S S NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 233 9 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 233 10 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 233 11 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 233 12 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 233 13 predicted predict VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 233 14 distance distance NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 233 15 between between IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 233 16 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 233 17 ts ts NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 233 18 alleles allele NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 233 19 used use VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 233 20 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 233 21 these these DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 233 22 crosses crosse NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 233 23 ranged range VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 233 24 from from IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 233 25 -100 -100 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 233 26 bp bp NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 233 27 to to IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 233 28 > > XX cord-253024-b393ea2u 233 29 l l NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 233 30 000 000 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 233 31 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 233 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 233 33 Fig Fig NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 233 34 . . NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 233 35 4 4 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 233 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 233 37 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 234 1 To to TO cord-253024-b393ea2u 234 2 determine determine VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 234 3 if if IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 234 4 deletions deletion NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 234 5 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 234 6 present present JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 234 7 within within IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 234 8 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 234 9 S S NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 234 10 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 234 11 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 234 12 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 234 13 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 234 14 viruses virus NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 234 15 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 234 16 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 234 17 series series NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 234 18 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 234 19 overlapping overlap VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 234 20 primers primer NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 234 21 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 234 22 synthesized synthesize VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 234 23 that that WDT cord-253024-b393ea2u 234 24 span span VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 234 25 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 234 26 entire entire JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 234 27 S S NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 234 28 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 234 29 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 234 30 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 234 31 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 234 32 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 234 33 A59 A59 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 234 34 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 235 1 The the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 235 2 location location NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 235 3 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 235 4 these these DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 235 5 primers primer NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 235 6 as as RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 235 7 well well RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 235 8 as as IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 235 9 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 235 10 size size NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 235 11 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 235 12 predicted predict VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 235 13 PCR PCR NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 235 14 products product NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 235 15 are be VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 235 16 shown show VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 235 17 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 235 18 Fig Fig NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 235 19 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 236 1 4 4 LS cord-253024-b393ea2u 236 2 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 237 1 Cultures culture NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 237 2 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 237 3 cells cell NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 237 4 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 237 5 infected infect VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 237 6 with with IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 237 7 various various JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 237 8 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 237 9 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 237 10 viruses virus NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 237 11 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 237 12 intercellular intercellular JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 237 13 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 237 14 was be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 237 15 harvested harvest VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 237 16 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 237 17 8 8 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 237 18 - - SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 237 19 12 12 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 237 20 hr hr NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 237 21 postinfection postinfection NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 237 22 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 238 1 Following follow VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 238 2 cDNA cdna NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 238 3 synthesis synthesis NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 238 4 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 238 5 30 30 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 238 6 rounds round NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 238 7 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 238 8 amplification amplification NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 238 9 with with IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 238 10 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 238 11 TAQ taq NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 238 12 polymerase polymerase NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 238 13 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 238 14 specific specific JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 238 15 oligonucleotide oligonucleotide JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 238 16 primer primer NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 238 17 pairs pair NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 238 18 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 238 19 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 238 20 DNA dna NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 238 21 products product NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 238 22 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 238 23 separated separate VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 238 24 on on IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 238 25 1 1 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 238 26 % % NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 238 27 agarose agarose JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 238 28 gels gel NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 238 29 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 238 30 visualized visualize VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 238 31 by by IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 238 32 UV uv NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 238 33 light light NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 238 34 or or CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 238 35 southern southern JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 238 36 blotting blotting NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 238 37 techniques technique NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 238 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 238 39 Fig Fig NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 238 40 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 238 41 6 6 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 238 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 238 43 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 239 1 In in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 239 2 Fig Fig NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 239 3 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 240 1 6a 6a LS cord-253024-b393ea2u 240 2 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 240 3 PCR PCR NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 240 4 products product NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 240 5 spanning span VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 240 6 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 240 7 hypervariable hypervariable JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 240 8 region region NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 240 9 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 240 10 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 240 11 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 240 12 A59 A59 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 240 13 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 240 14 JHM JHM NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 240 15 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 240 16 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 240 17 MHV2 MHV2 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 240 18 clearly clearly RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 240 19 demonstrate demonstrate VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 240 20 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 240 21 89 89 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 240 22 amino amino NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 240 23 acid acid NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 240 24 deletion deletion NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 240 25 that that WDT cord-253024-b393ea2u 240 26 is be VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 240 27 present present JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 240 28 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 240 29 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 240 30 JHM JHM NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 240 31 S S NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 240 32 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 240 33 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 240 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 240 35 Banner Banner NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 240 36 eta/. eta/. CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 240 37 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 240 38 1990 1990 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 240 39 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 240 40 Parker Parker NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 240 41 eta/. eta/. NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 240 42 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 240 43 1990 1990 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 240 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 240 45 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 241 1 Southern southern JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 241 2 blotting blotting NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 241 3 techniques technique NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 241 4 using use VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 241 5 an an DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 241 6 internal internal JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 241 7 oligomer oligomer NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 241 8 probe probe NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 241 9 demonstrate demonstrate VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 241 10 that that IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 241 11 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 241 12 -1.5-kb -1.5-kb CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 241 13 fragment fragment NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 241 14 is be VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 241 15 specific specific JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 241 16 for for IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 241 17 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 241 18 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 241 19 S S NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 241 20 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 241 21 sequences sequence NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 241 22 spanning span VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 241 23 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 241 24 642 642 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 241 25 - - SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 241 26 21 21 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 241 27 15 15 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 241 28 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 241 29 is be VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 241 30 not not RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 241 31 present present JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 241 32 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 241 33 uninfected uninfected JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 241 34 cells cell NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 241 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 242 1 Fig Fig NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 242 2 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 242 3 _SP cord-253024-b393ea2u 242 4 6b 6b CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 242 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 242 6 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 243 1 No no DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 243 2 obvious obvious JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 243 3 deletions deletion NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 243 4 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 243 5 detected detect VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 243 6 through through IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 243 7 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 243 8 hypervariable hypervariable JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 243 9 region region NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 243 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 243 11 Fig Fig NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 243 12 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 243 13 6c 6c NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 243 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 243 15 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 243 16 N n CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 243 17 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 243 18 terminus terminus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 243 19 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 243 20 or or CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 243 21 C C NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 243 22 terminus terminus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 243 23 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 243 24 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 243 25 S S NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 243 26 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 243 27 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 243 28 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 243 29 over over IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 243 30 20 20 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 243 31 different different JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 243 32 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 243 33 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 243 34 viruses virus NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 243 35 tested test VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 243 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 243 37 Fig Fig NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 243 38 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 243 39 6d 6d NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 243 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 243 41 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 244 1 Since since IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 244 2 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 244 3 distance distance NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 244 4 between between IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 244 5 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 244 6 group group NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 244 7 Fl Fl NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 244 8 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 244 9 F2 f2 NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 244 10 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 244 11 would would MD cord-253024-b393ea2u 244 12 have have VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 244 13 required require VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 244 14 sizable sizable JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 244 15 deletions deletion NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 244 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 244 17 > > XX cord-253024-b393ea2u 244 18 lOO loo ADD cord-253024-b393ea2u 244 19 bp bp NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 244 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 244 21 to to TO cord-253024-b393ea2u 244 22 result result VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 244 23 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 244 24 ts+ ts+ NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 244 25 virus virus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 244 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 244 27 Fig Fig NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 244 28 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 244 29 4 4 LS cord-253024-b393ea2u 244 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 244 31 these these DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 244 32 data datum NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 244 33 suggested suggest VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 244 34 that that IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 244 35 large large JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 244 36 deletions deletion NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 244 37 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 244 38 rare rare JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 244 39 events event NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 244 40 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 244 41 these these DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 244 42 crosses crosse NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 244 43 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 244 44 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 244 45 did do VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 244 46 not not RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 244 47 contribute contribute VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 244 48 to to IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 244 49 an an DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 244 50 increase increase NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 244 51 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 244 52 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 244 53 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 244 54 frequency frequency NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 244 55 within within IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 244 56 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 244 57 S S NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 244 58 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 244 59 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 244 60 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 245 1 These these DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 245 2 studies study NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 245 3 can can MD cord-253024-b393ea2u 245 4 not not RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 245 5 rule rule VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 245 6 out out RP cord-253024-b393ea2u 245 7 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 245 8 possibility possibility NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 245 9 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 245 10 small small JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 245 11 deletions deletion NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 245 12 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 245 13 one one CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 245 14 ts ts JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 245 15 parent parent NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 245 16 contributing contribute VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 245 17 to to IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 245 18 an an DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 245 19 increase increase NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 245 20 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 245 21 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 245 22 ts+ ts+ XX cord-253024-b393ea2u 245 23 progeny progeny VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 245 24 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 246 1 However however RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 246 2 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 246 3 no no DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 246 4 obvious obvious JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 246 5 deletions deletion NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 246 6 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 246 7 detected detect VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 246 8 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 246 9 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 246 10 S S NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 246 11 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 246 12 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 246 13 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 246 14 19 19 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 246 15 different different JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 246 16 revertant revertant NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 246 17 viruses virus NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 246 18 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 247 1 In in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 247 2 Fig Fig NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 247 3 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 248 1 6e 6e NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 248 2 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 248 3 PCR PCR NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 248 4 products product NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 248 5 spanning span VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 248 6 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 248 7 hypervariable hypervariable JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 248 8 region region NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 248 9 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 248 10 NC17 NC17 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 248 11 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 248 12 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-253024-b393ea2u 248 13 four four CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 248 14 revertants revertant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 248 15 are be VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 248 16 presented present VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 248 17 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 249 1 While while IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 249 2 these these DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 249 3 data datum NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 249 4 can can MD cord-253024-b393ea2u 249 5 not not RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 249 6 conclusively conclusively RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 249 7 rule rule VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 249 8 out out RP cord-253024-b393ea2u 249 9 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 249 10 possibility possibility NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 249 11 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 249 12 small small JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 249 13 deletions deletion NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 249 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 249 15 ~50 ~50 NFP cord-253024-b393ea2u 249 16 bp bp NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 249 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 249 18 that that WDT cord-253024-b393ea2u 249 19 would would MD cord-253024-b393ea2u 249 20 not not RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 249 21 be be VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 249 22 detected detect VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 249 23 under under IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 249 24 these these DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 249 25 conditions condition NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 249 26 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 249 27 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 249 28 data datum NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 249 29 suggested suggest VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 249 30 that that IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 249 31 most most JJS cord-253024-b393ea2u 249 32 revertants revertant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 249 33 probably probably RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 249 34 contain contain VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 249 35 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 249 36 single single JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 249 37 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 249 38 reversion reversion NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 249 39 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 1 Although although IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 2 homologous homologous JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 3 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 4 occurs occur VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 5 during during IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 6 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 7 replication replication NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 8 strategy strategy NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 9 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 10 several several JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 11 nonsegmented nonsegmente VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 12 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 13 viruses virus NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 15 Bujarski Bujarski NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 16 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 17 Kaesberg Kaesberg NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 18 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 19 1986 1986 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 20 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 21 Cooper Cooper NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 22 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 23 1968 1968 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 24 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 25 Hahn Hahn NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 26 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 27 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 28 . . NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 29 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 30 1988 1988 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 31 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 32 King King NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 33 el el NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 34 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 35 . . NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 36 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 37 1987 1987 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 38 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 39 Weiss Weiss NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 40 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 41 Schlesinger Schlesinger NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 42 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 43 1991 1991 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 45 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 46 high high JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 47 frequency frequency NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 48 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 49 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 50 is be VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 51 probably probably RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 52 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 53 unique unique JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 54 phenomenon phenomenon NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 55 associated associate VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 56 with with IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 57 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 58 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 59 perhaps perhaps RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 60 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 61 replication replication NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 62 strategies strategy NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 63 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 64 other other JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 65 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 66 Keck Keck NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 67 et et FW cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 68 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 69 . . NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 70 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 250 71 1987 1987 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 251 1 Keck Keck NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 251 2 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 251 3 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 251 4 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 252 1 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 253 1 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 253 2 1988a 1988a CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 253 3 Makino Makino NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 253 4 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 253 5 a/. a/. NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 253 6 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 253 7 1986b 1986b CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 253 8 Makino Makino NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 253 9 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 253 10 a/. a/. NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 253 11 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 253 12 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 253 13 1987 1987 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 253 14 Lai Lai NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 253 15 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 253 16 a/. a/. NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 253 17 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 253 18 1985 1985 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 253 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 253 20 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 254 1 Using use VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 254 2 highly highly RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 254 3 characterized characterize VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 254 4 ts ts NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 254 5 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 254 6 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 254 7 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 254 8 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 254 9 A59 A59 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 254 10 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 254 11 we -PRON- PRP cord-253024-b393ea2u 254 12 established establish VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 254 13 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 254 14 genetic genetic JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 254 15 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 254 16 map map NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 254 17 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 254 18 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 254 19 polymer- polymer- JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 254 20 Predrcted Predrcted NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 254 21 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 254 22 domarns domarn NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 254 23 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 254 24 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 254 25 group group NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 254 26 F F NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 254 27 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 254 28 ' ' POS cord-253024-b393ea2u 254 29 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 254 30 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 255 1 Assumrng Assumrng NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 255 2 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 255 3 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 255 4 frequency frequency NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 255 5 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 255 6 lo/01575 lo/01575 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 255 7 bp bp NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 255 8 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 255 9 dsRNA dsRNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 255 10 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 255 11 that that IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 255 12 LA7 LA7 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 255 13 maps map VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 255 14 roughly roughly RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 255 15 0.5 0.5 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 255 16 kb kb NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 255 17 from from IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 255 18 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 255 19 5 5 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 255 20 ' ' NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 255 21 end end NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 255 22 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 255 23 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 255 24 S S NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 255 25 glycoprotern glycoprotern NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 255 26 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 255 27 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 256 1 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 256 2 tentatrve tentatrve NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 256 3 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 256 4 domains domain NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 256 5 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 256 6 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 256 7 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 256 8 mapping mapping NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 256 9 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 256 10 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 256 11 Fl Fl NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 256 12 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 256 13 F2 F2 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 256 14 subgroups subgroup NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 256 15 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 256 16 predrcted predrcte VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 256 17 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 257 1 The the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 257 2 hatched hatch VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 257 3 boxes box NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 257 4 represent represent VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 257 5 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 257 6 locatron locatron NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 257 7 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 257 8 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 257 9 region region NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 257 10 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 257 11 polymorphism polymorphism NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 257 12 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 257 13 putative putative JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 257 14 hot hot JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 257 15 spot spot NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 257 16 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 257 17 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 257 18 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 257 19 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 257 20 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 257 21 genome genome NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 258 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 258 2 Banner Banner NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 258 3 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 258 4 a/. a/. NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 258 5 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 258 6 1990 1990 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 258 7 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 258 8 Parker Parker NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 258 9 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 258 10 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 258 11 . . NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 258 12 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 258 13 1989 1989 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 258 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 258 15 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 259 1 Arrows arrow NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 259 2 represent represent VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 259 3 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 259 4 approxrmate approxrmate NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 259 5 locatron locatron NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 259 6 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 259 7 neutralizing neutralize VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 259 8 epitopes epitope NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 259 9 In in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 259 10 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 259 11 S S NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 259 12 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 259 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 259 14 Routledge Routledge NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 259 15 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 259 16 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 259 17 . . NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 259 18 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 259 19 1991 1991 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 259 20 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 260 1 Weissmiller Weissmiller NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 260 2 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 260 3 a/. a/. NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 260 4 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 260 5 1990 1990 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 260 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 260 7 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 261 1 To to TO cord-253024-b393ea2u 261 2 determine determine VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 261 3 if if IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 261 4 recombinatron recombinatron NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 261 5 events event NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 261 6 resulting result VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 261 7 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 261 8 deletions deletion NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 261 9 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 261 10 contributing contribute VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 261 11 to to IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 261 12 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 261 13 increased increase VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 261 14 recombinatron recombinatron NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 261 15 rate rate NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 261 16 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 261 17 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 261 18 S S NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 261 19 glycoprotern glycoprotern NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 261 20 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 261 21 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 261 22 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 261 23 series series NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 261 24 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 261 25 crosses crosse NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 261 26 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 261 27 obtained obtain VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 261 28 between between IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 261 29 different different JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 261 30 RNA+ RNA+ NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 261 31 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 261 32 as as IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 261 33 shown show VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 261 34 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 261 35 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 261 36 top top NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 261 37 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 261 38 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 261 39 figure figure NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 261 40 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 262 1 PCR PCR NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 262 2 products product NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 262 3 spannrng spannrng VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 262 4 different different JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 262 5 portions portion NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 262 6 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 262 7 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 262 8 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 262 9 S S NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 262 10 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 262 11 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 262 12 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 262 13 obtained obtain VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 262 14 using use VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 262 15 specific specific JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 262 16 oligomer oligomer NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 262 17 products product NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 262 18 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 262 19 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 262 20 TAQ taq NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 262 21 polymerase polymerase NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 262 22 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 263 1 The the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 263 2 locatron locatron NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 263 3 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 263 4 these these DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 263 5 primer primer NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 263 6 pairs pair NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 263 7 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 263 8 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-253024-b393ea2u 263 9 predicted predict VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 263 10 products product NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 263 11 are be VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 263 12 shown show VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 263 13 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 263 14 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 263 15 bottom bottom NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 263 16 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 263 17 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 263 18 figure figure NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 263 19 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 264 1 To to TO cord-253024-b393ea2u 264 2 predict predict VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 264 3 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 264 4 maximum maximum JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 264 5 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 264 6 frequency frequency NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 264 7 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 264 8 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 264 9 5'end 5'end CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 264 10 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 264 11 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 264 12 genome genome NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 264 13 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 264 14 we -PRON- PRP cord-253024-b393ea2u 264 15 calculated calculate VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 264 16 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 264 17 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 264 18 frequency frequency NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 264 19 between between IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 264 20 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 264 21 three three CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 264 22 most most RBS cord-253024-b393ea2u 264 23 distant distant JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 264 24 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 264 25 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 264 26 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 264 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 264 28 Group Group NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 264 29 A a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 264 30 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 264 31 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 264 32 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 264 33 : : : cord-253024-b393ea2u 264 34 LA3 LA3 NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 264 35 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 265 1 LA6 LA6 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 265 2 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 265 3 Group Group NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 265 4 F F NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 265 5 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 265 6 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 265 7 mutant mutant NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 265 8 : : : cord-253024-b393ea2u 266 1 LA1 LA1 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 266 2 8) 8) NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 266 3 assuming assume VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 266 4 that that IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 266 5 these these DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 266 6 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 266 7 map map VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 266 8 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 266 9 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 266 10 most most RBS cord-253024-b393ea2u 266 11 distant distant JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 266 12 ends end NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 266 13 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 266 14 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 266 15 22.kb 22.kb CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 266 16 polymerase polymerase NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 266 17 region region NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 266 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 266 19 -21 -21 IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 266 20 kb kb NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 266 21 apart apart RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 266 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 266 23 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 267 1 To to TO cord-253024-b393ea2u 267 2 map map VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 267 3 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 267 4 maximum maximum JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 267 5 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 267 6 rate rate NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 267 7 across across IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 267 8 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 267 9 HE HE NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 267 10 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 267 11 p30 p30 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 267 12 genes gene NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 267 13 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 267 14 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 267 15 rates rate NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 267 16 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 267 17 determined determine VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 267 18 between between IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 267 19 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 267 20 mapping map VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 267 21 approximately approximately RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 267 22 3.5 3.5 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 267 23 kb kb NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 267 24 apart apart RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 267 25 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 267 26 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 267 27 3 3 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 267 28 ' ' NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 267 29 end end NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 267 30 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 267 31 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 267 32 polymerase polymerase NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 267 33 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 267 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 267 35 LA1 LA1 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 267 36 8) 8) NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 267 37 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 267 38 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 267 39 5 5 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 267 40 ' ' NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 267 41 end end NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 267 42 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 267 43 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 267 44 S S NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 267 45 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 267 46 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 267 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 267 48 Group Group NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 267 49 F F NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 267 50 RNA+ RNA+ NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 267 51 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 267 52 : : : cord-253024-b393ea2u 267 53 LA7 LA7 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 267 54 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 267 55 LA1 LA1 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 267 56 2 2 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 267 57 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 267 58 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 268 1 Recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 268 2 rates rate NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 268 3 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 268 4 calculated calculate VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 268 5 through through IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 268 6 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 268 7 S S NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 268 8 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 268 9 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 268 10 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 268 11 assuming assume VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 268 12 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 268 13 group group NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 268 14 F F NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 268 15 RNA+ RNA+ NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 268 16 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 268 17 LA7 LA7 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 268 18 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 268 19 NC1 NC1 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 269 1 4 4 LS cord-253024-b393ea2u 269 2 / / SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 269 3 NC16 NC16 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 269 4 map map VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 269 5 roughly roughly RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 269 6 4.0 4.0 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 269 7 kb kb NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 269 8 apart apart RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 269 9 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 270 1 ase ase NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 270 2 genes gene NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 270 3 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 270 4 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 270 5 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 271 1 Assuming assume VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 271 2 that that IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 271 3 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 271 4 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 271 5 frequency frequency NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 271 6 was be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 271 7 equivalent equivalent JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 271 8 throughout throughout IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 271 9 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 271 10 entire entire JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 271 11 genome genome NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 271 12 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 271 13 these these DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 271 14 data datum NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 271 15 suggested suggest VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 271 16 that that IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 271 17 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 271 18 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 271 19 frequency frequency NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 271 20 approached approach VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 271 21 25 25 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 271 22 % % NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 271 23 or or CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 271 24 more more JJR cord-253024-b393ea2u 271 25 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 272 1 In in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 272 2 this this DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 272 3 study study NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 272 4 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 272 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-253024-b393ea2u 272 6 have have VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 272 7 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 272 8 that that IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 272 9 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 272 10 ts ts NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 272 11 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 272 12 from from IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 272 13 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 272 14 RNA+ RNA+ NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 272 15 complementation complementation NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 272 16 group group NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 272 17 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 272 18 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 272 19 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 272 20 A59 A59 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 272 21 can can MD cord-253024-b393ea2u 272 22 also also RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 272 23 be be VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 272 24 arranged arrange VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 272 25 into into IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 272 26 an an DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 272 27 additive additive NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 272 28 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 272 29 linear linear NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 272 30 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 272 31 genetic genetic JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 272 32 map map NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 272 33 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 273 1 Several several JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 273 2 lines line NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 273 3 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 273 4 evidence evidence NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 273 5 strongly strongly RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 273 6 suggest suggest VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 273 7 that that IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 273 8 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 273 9 group group NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 273 10 F F NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 273 11 RNA+ RNA+ NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 273 12 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 273 13 map map VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 273 14 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 273 15 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 273 16 S S NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 273 17 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 273 18 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 273 19 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 273 20 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 273 21 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 273 22 A59 A59 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 273 23 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 274 1 First first RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 274 2 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 274 3 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 274 4 group group NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 274 5 F F NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 274 6 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 274 7 do do VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 274 8 not not RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 274 9 produce produce VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 274 10 syncythium syncythium NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 274 11 when when WRB cord-253024-b393ea2u 274 12 maintained maintain VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 274 13 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 274 14 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 274 15 restrictive restrictive JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 274 16 temperature temperature NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 274 17 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 275 1 Induction induction NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 275 2 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 275 3 cell cell NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 275 4 fusion fusion NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 275 5 has have VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 275 6 been be VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 275 7 mapped map VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 275 8 to to IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 275 9 either either CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 275 10 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 275 11 S2 S2 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 275 12 domain domain NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 275 13 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 275 14 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 275 15 bovine bovine JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 275 16 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 275 17 S s NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 275 18 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 275 19 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 275 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 275 21 Yoo Yoo NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 275 22 eta/. eta/. NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 275 23 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 275 24 199 199 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 275 25 1 1 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 275 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 275 27 or or CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 275 28 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 275 29 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 275 30 Sl Sl NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 275 31 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 275 32 S2 S2 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 275 33 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 275 34 domains domain NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 275 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 275 36 Gallagher Gallagher NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 275 37 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 275 38 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 275 39 . . NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 275 40 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 275 41 199 199 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 275 42 1 1 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 275 43 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 275 44 Routledge Routledge NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 275 45 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 275 46 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 275 47 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 276 1 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 276 2 1991 1991 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 276 3 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 276 4 Weismiller Weismiller NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 276 5 eta/. eta/. CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 276 6 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 276 7 1990 1990 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 276 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 276 9 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 277 1 Second second RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 277 2 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 277 3 Tl Tl NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 277 4 fingerprint fingerprint NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 277 5 analysis analysis NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 277 6 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 277 7 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 277 8 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 277 9 viruses virus NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 277 10 derived derive VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 277 11 from from IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 277 12 crosses crosse NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 277 13 between between IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 277 14 ts ts NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 277 15 LA7 LA7 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 277 16 or or CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 277 17 LA1 LA1 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 277 18 2 2 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 277 19 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 277 20 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 277 21 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 277 22 JHM JHM NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 277 23 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 277 24 that that IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 277 25 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 277 26 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 277 27 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 277 28 A59 A59 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 277 29 Sl sl NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 277 30 domain domain NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 277 31 was be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 277 32 always always RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 277 33 replaced replace VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 277 34 by by IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 277 35 heterologous heterologous JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 277 36 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 277 37 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 277 38 JHM JHM NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 277 39 sequences sequence NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 277 40 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 278 1 Since since IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 278 2 no no DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 278 3 other other JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 278 4 region region NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 278 5 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 278 6 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 278 7 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 278 8 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 278 9 A59 A59 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 278 10 genome genome NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 278 11 was be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 278 12 uniformly uniformly RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 278 13 replaced replace VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 278 14 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 278 15 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 278 16 viruses virus NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 278 17 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 278 18 these these DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 278 19 data datum NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 278 20 strongly strongly RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 278 21 suggested suggest VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 278 22 that that IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 278 23 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 278 24 mutations mutation NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 278 25 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 278 26 these these DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 278 27 ts t NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 278 28 viruses virus NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 278 29 reside reside VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 278 30 within within IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 278 31 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 278 32 Sl sl NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 278 33 coding coding NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 278 34 sequences sequence NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 278 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 279 1 Keck Keck NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 279 2 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 279 3 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 279 4 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 280 1 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 280 2 1987 1987 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 280 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 280 4 Keck Keck NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 280 5 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 280 6 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 280 7 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 281 1 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 281 2 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 281 3 1988a 1988a CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 281 4 Makino Makino NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 281 5 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 281 6 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 281 7 . . NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 281 8 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 282 1 1986b 1986b CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 282 2 Makino Makino NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 282 3 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 282 4 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 282 5 . . NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 282 6 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 282 7 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 282 8 1987 1987 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 282 9 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 283 1 Finally finally RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 283 2 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 283 3 sequence sequence NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 283 4 analysis analysis NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 283 5 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 283 6 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 283 7 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 283 8 viruses virus NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 283 9 derived derive VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 283 10 from from IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 283 11 these these DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 283 12 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 283 13 place place VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 283 14 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 283 15 ts ts NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 283 16 allele allele NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 283 17 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 283 18 LA7 LA7 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 283 19 within within IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 283 20 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 283 21 5 5 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 283 22 ' ' '' cord-253024-b393ea2u 283 23 most most JJS cord-253024-b393ea2u 283 24 1.1 1.1 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 283 25 kb kb NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 283 26 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 283 27 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 283 28 Sl sl NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 283 29 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 283 30 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 283 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 283 32 Banner Banner NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 283 33 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 283 34 a/. a/. NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 283 35 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 283 36 1990 1990 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 283 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 283 38 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 284 1 While while IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 284 2 these these DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 284 3 data datum NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 284 4 do do VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 284 5 not not RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 284 6 definitively definitively RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 284 7 prove prove VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 284 8 that that IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 284 9 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 284 10 Group Group NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 284 11 F F NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 284 12 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 284 13 map map VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 284 14 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 284 15 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 284 16 S S NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 284 17 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 284 18 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 284 19 sequence sequence NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 284 20 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 284 21 these these DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 284 22 data datum NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 284 23 have have VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 284 24 strongly strongly RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 284 25 supported support VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 284 26 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 284 27 localization localization NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 284 28 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 284 29 these these DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 284 30 mutations mutation NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 284 31 within within IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 284 32 this this DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 284 33 coding code VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 284 34 region region NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 284 35 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 285 1 On on IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 285 2 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 285 3 basis basis NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 285 4 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 285 5 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 285 6 mapping mapping NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 285 7 data datum NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 285 8 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 285 9 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 285 10 group group NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 285 11 F F NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 285 12 RNA+ RNA+ NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 285 13 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 285 14 appear appear VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 285 15 to to TO cord-253024-b393ea2u 285 16 map map VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 285 17 into into IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 285 18 two two CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 285 19 discrete discrete JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 285 20 domains domain NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 285 21 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 285 22 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 285 23 S S NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 285 24 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 285 25 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 285 26 sequence sequence NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 285 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 285 28 Fig Fig NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 285 29 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 285 30 4 4 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 285 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 285 32 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 286 1 Data datum NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 286 2 from from IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 286 3 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-253024-b393ea2u 286 4 laboratory laboratory NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 286 5 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 286 6 others other NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 286 7 suggest suggest VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 286 8 that that IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 286 9 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 286 10 Fl Fl NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 286 11 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 286 12 probably probably RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 286 13 map map VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 286 14 within within IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 286 15 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 286 16 Sl sl NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 286 17 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 286 18 while while IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 286 19 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 286 20 F2 F2 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 286 21 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 286 22 map map VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 286 23 within within IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 286 24 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 286 25 52 52 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 286 26 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 286 27 sequences sequence NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 287 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 287 2 Banner Banner NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 287 3 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 287 4 a/. a/. NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 287 5 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 287 6 1990 1990 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 287 7 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 287 8 Keck Keck NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 287 9 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 287 10 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 287 11 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 288 1 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 288 2 1987 1987 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 289 1 Keck Keck NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 289 2 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 289 3 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 289 4 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 290 1 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 290 2 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 290 3 1988a 1988a CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 290 4 Makino Makino NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 290 5 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 290 6 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 290 7 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 290 8 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 290 9 1987 1987 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 290 10 Makino Makino NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 290 11 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 290 12 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 290 13 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 290 14 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 290 15 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 290 16 1988 1988 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 290 17 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 291 1 Sequence sequence NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 291 2 analysis analysis NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 291 3 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 291 4 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 291 5 group group NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 291 6 F F NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 291 7 RNA+ RNA+ NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 291 8 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 291 9 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 291 10 revertant revertant NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 291 11 viruses virus NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 291 12 will will MD cord-253024-b393ea2u 291 13 be be VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 291 14 required require VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 291 15 to to TO cord-253024-b393ea2u 291 16 definitively definitively RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 291 17 map map VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 291 18 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 291 19 location location NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 291 20 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 291 21 these these DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 291 22 alleles allele NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 291 23 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 292 1 However however RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 292 2 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 292 3 since since IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 292 4 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 292 5 from from IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 292 6 both both DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 292 7 subgroups subgroup NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 292 8 are be VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 292 9 incapable incapable JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 292 10 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 292 11 producing produce VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 292 12 syncytium syncytium NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 292 13 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 292 14 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 292 15 restrictive restrictive JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 292 16 temperature temperature NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 292 17 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 292 18 these these DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 292 19 data datum NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 292 20 suggest suggest VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 292 21 that that IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 292 22 both both DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 292 23 domains domain NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 292 24 are be VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 292 25 important important JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 292 26 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 292 27 eliciting elicit VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 292 28 cell cell NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 292 29 fusion fusion NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 292 30 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 293 1 Currently currently RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 293 2 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 293 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-253024-b393ea2u 293 4 is be VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 293 5 unclear unclear JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 293 6 whether whether IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 293 7 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 293 8 alterations alteration NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 293 9 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 293 10 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 293 11 Fl Fl NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 293 12 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 293 13 F2 F2 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 293 14 conditional conditional JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 293 15 lethal lethal JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 293 16 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 293 17 result result VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 293 18 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 293 19 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 293 20 temperature temperature NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 293 21 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 293 22 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 293 23 fusogenic fusogenic JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 293 24 domain domain NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 293 25 or or CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 293 26 alter alter VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 293 27 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 293 28 synthesis synthesis NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 293 29 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 293 30 transport transport NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 293 31 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 293 32 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 293 33 surface surface NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 293 34 expression expression NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 293 35 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 293 36 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 293 37 S S NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 293 38 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 293 39 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 293 40 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 294 1 The the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 294 2 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 294 3 frequency frequency NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 294 4 for for IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 294 5 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 294 6 entire entire JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 294 7 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 294 8 genome genome NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 294 9 has have VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 294 10 been be VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 294 11 estimated estimate VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 294 12 to to TO cord-253024-b393ea2u 294 13 approach approach VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 294 14 25 25 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 294 15 % % NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 294 16 or or CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 294 17 more more JJR cord-253024-b393ea2u 294 18 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 295 1 These these DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 295 2 estimates estimate NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 295 3 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 295 4 based base VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 295 5 on on IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 295 6 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 295 7 assumption assumption NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 295 8 that that IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 295 9 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 295 10 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 295 11 frequency frequency NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 295 12 was be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 295 13 uniform uniform JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 295 14 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 295 15 approached approach VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 295 16 10/0 10/0 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 295 17 / / SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 295 18 l l NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 295 19 300 300 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 295 20 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 295 21 1400 1400 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 295 22 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 295 23 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 295 24 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 295 25 throughout throughout IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 295 26 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 295 27 entire entire JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 295 28 32-kb 32-kb CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 295 29 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 295 30 genome genome NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 295 31 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 296 1 However however RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 296 2 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 296 3 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 296 4 rates rate NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 296 5 measured measure VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 296 6 within within IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 296 7 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 296 8 polymerase polymerase NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 296 9 region region NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 296 10 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 296 11 S S NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 296 12 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 296 13 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 296 14 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 296 15 estimated estimate VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 296 16 to to TO cord-253024-b393ea2u 296 17 occur occur VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 296 18 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 296 19 frequencies frequency NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 296 20 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 296 21 about about RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 296 22 1%/l 1%/l CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 296 23 800 800 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 296 24 - - CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 296 25 2500 2500 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 296 26 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 296 27 1%/575 1%/575 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 296 28 - - SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 296 29 667 667 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 296 30 bp bp NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 296 31 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 296 32 dsRNA dsRNA NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 296 33 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 296 34 respectively respectively RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 296 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 296 36 Fig fig NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 296 37 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 296 38 _SP cord-253024-b393ea2u 296 39 5 5 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 296 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 296 41 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 297 1 Recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 297 2 rates rate NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 297 3 across across IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 297 4 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 297 5 p30/ p30/ XX cord-253024-b393ea2u 298 1 HE HE NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 298 2 genes gene NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 298 3 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 298 4 estimated estimate VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 298 5 to to TO cord-253024-b393ea2u 298 6 occur occur VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 298 7 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 298 8 about about RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 298 9 19 19 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 298 10 / / SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 298 11 o o NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 298 12 / / SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 298 13 l l NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 298 14 100-l 100-l CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 298 15 400 400 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 298 16 bp bp NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 298 17 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 298 18 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 298 19 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 299 1 Currently currently RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 299 2 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 299 3 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-253024-b393ea2u 299 4 best good JJS cord-253024-b393ea2u 299 5 estimate estimate NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 299 6 for for IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 299 7 an an DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 299 8 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 299 9 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 299 10 frequency frequency NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 299 11 was be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 299 12 measured measure VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 299 13 within within IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 299 14 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 299 15 S S NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 299 16 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 299 17 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 299 18 because because IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 299 19 these these DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 299 20 mutations mutation NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 299 21 must must MD cord-253024-b393ea2u 299 22 have have VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 299 23 resided reside VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 299 24 within within IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 299 25 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 299 26 4.0-kb 4.0-kb CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 299 27 stretch stretch NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 299 28 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 299 29 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 299 30 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 300 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 300 2 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 300 3 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 300 4 frequency frequency NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 300 5 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 300 6 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 300 7 was be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 300 8 internally internally RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 300 9 consistent consistent JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 300 10 between between IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 300 11 several several JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 300 12 independent independent JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 300 13 crosses crosse NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 300 14 within within IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 300 15 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 300 16 single single JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 300 17 complementation complementation NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 300 18 group group NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 300 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 300 20 Table Table NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 300 21 3 3 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 300 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 300 23 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 301 1 While while IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 301 2 definitive definitive JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 301 3 proof proof NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 301 4 will will MD cord-253024-b393ea2u 301 5 require require VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 301 6 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 301 7 identification identification NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 301 8 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 301 9 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 301 10 exact exact JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 301 11 location location NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 301 12 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 301 13 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 301 14 ts ts NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 301 15 alleles allele NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 301 16 used use VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 301 17 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 301 18 these these DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 301 19 studies study NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 301 20 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 301 21 these these DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 301 22 data datum NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 301 23 suggest suggest VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 301 24 that that IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 301 25 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 301 26 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 301 27 frequency frequency NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 301 28 varies vary VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 301 29 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 301 30 different different JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 301 31 portions portion NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 301 32 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 301 33 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 301 34 genome genome NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 301 35 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 301 36 is be VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 301 37 roughly roughly RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 301 38 threefold threefold RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 301 39 higher higher RBR cord-253024-b393ea2u 301 40 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 301 41 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 301 42 S S NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 301 43 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 301 44 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 301 45 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 302 1 Several several JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 302 2 explanations explanation NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 302 3 could could MD cord-253024-b393ea2u 302 4 account account VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 302 5 for for IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 302 6 an an DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 302 7 increase increase NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 302 8 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 302 9 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 302 10 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 302 11 frequency frequency NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 302 12 within within IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 302 13 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 302 14 S S NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 302 15 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 302 16 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 302 17 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 303 1 First first RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 303 2 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 303 3 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 303 4 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 303 5 rate rate NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 303 6 through through IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 303 7 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 303 8 FIG fig NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 303 9 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 304 1 6 6 LS cord-253024-b393ea2u 304 2 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 305 1 PCR PCR NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 305 2 ampliflcatron ampliflcatron NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 305 3 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 305 4 size size NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 305 5 analysrs analysr NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 305 6 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 305 7 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 305 8 S S NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 305 9 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 305 10 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 305 11 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 305 12 wildtype wildtype NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 305 13 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 305 14 Ts Ts NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 305 15 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 305 16 recombmant recombmant JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 305 17 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 305 18 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 305 19 revertant revertant NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 305 20 viruses virus NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 305 21 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 306 1 Cultures culture NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 306 2 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 306 3 cells cell NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 306 4 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 306 5 infected infect VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 306 6 with with IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 306 7 different different JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 306 8 strains strain NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 306 9 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 306 10 MHV mhv NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 306 11 ts ts NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 306 12 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 306 13 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 306 14 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 306 15 viruses virus NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 306 16 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 306 17 or or CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 306 18 revertant revertant NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 306 19 viruses virus NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 306 20 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 307 1 The the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 307 2 Intercellular Intercellular NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 307 3 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 307 4 was be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 307 5 extracted extract VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 307 6 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 307 7 used use VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 307 8 as as IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 307 9 template template NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 307 10 for for IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 307 11 reverse reverse JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 307 12 transcription transcription NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 307 13 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 307 14 30 30 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 307 15 rounds round NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 307 16 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 307 17 PCR PCR NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 307 18 amplification amplification NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 307 19 usrng usrng VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 307 20 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 307 21 TAQ taq NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 307 22 polymerase polymerase NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 307 23 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 307 24 different different JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 307 25 primer primer NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 307 26 parrs parr NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 307 27 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 308 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 308 2 A a NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 308 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 308 4 PCR PCR NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 308 5 products product NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 308 6 spanning span VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 308 7 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 308 8 hypervariable hypervariable JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 308 9 region region NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 308 10 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 308 11 MHVA59 MHVA59 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 308 12 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 308 13 JHM JHM NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 308 14 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 308 15 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 308 16 MHV-2 mhv-2 NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 2 642 642 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 3 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 4 2155 2155 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 7 lanes lane NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 8 2 2 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 9 - - SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 10 4 4 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 11 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 12 respectively respectively RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 13 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 14 lane lane NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 15 5 5 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 16 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 17 uninfected uninfected JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 18 control control NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 20 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 22 B b NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 24 Southern southern JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 25 blot blot NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 26 analysis analysis NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 27 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 28 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 29 PCR PCR NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 30 products product NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 31 shown show VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 32 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 34 A a NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 36 using use VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 37 an an DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 38 Internal Internal NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 39 ollgomer ollgomer NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 40 probe probe NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 41 ; ; , cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 43 C C NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 45 PCR PCR NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 46 products product NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 47 spanning span VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 48 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 49 hypervariable hypervariable JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 50 region region NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 51 In in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 52 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 53 S S NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 54 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 55 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 56 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 57 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 58 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 59 A59 A59 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 60 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 61 lane lane NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 62 2 2 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 63 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 64 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 65 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 66 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 67 viruses virus NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 68 derived derive VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 69 from from IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 309 70 NC1 NC1 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 310 1 7 7 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 310 2 x x SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 310 3 NC1 NC1 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 310 4 6 6 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 310 5 [ [ -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 310 6 lanes lane NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 310 7 3 3 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 310 8 - - SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 310 9 5 5 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 310 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 1 NC6 NC6 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 2 x x NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 3 LA7 LA7 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 5 lanes lane NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 6 6 6 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 7 - - SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 8 8 8 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 10 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 11 NC1 NC1 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 12 6 6 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 13 X X NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 14 LA7 LA7 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 16 lanes lane NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 17 1 1 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 18 O o NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 19 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 20 l l NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 21 2 2 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 23 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 25 D D NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 27 PCR PCR NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 28 products product NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 29 spanning span VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 30 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 31 C C NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 33 lanes lane NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 34 2 2 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 35 - - SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 36 1 1 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 37 1 1 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 39 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 40 N N NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 42 lanes lane NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 43 12 12 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 44 - - SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 45 21 21 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 47 terminl terminl NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 48 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 49 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 50 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 51 A59 A59 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 52 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 53 lanes lane NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 54 2 2 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 55 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 56 12 12 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 57 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 58 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 59 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 60 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 61 viruses virus NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 62 derived derive VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 63 from from IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 64 NC1 NC1 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 65 7 7 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 66 X X NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 67 NC1 NC1 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 68 6 6 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 69 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 70 lanes lane NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 71 3 3 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 72 - - SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 73 5 5 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 74 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 75 13-l 13-l CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 76 5 5 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 77 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 311 78 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 312 1 NC6 NC6 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 312 2 X X NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 312 3 LA7 LA7 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 312 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 312 5 lanes lane NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 312 6 6 6 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 312 7 - - SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 312 8 8 8 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 312 9 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 312 10 16-l 16-l CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 312 11 8) 8) NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 312 12 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 312 13 NC1 NC1 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 312 14 6 6 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 312 15 X X NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 312 16 LA7 LA7 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 312 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 312 18 lanes lane NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 312 19 9-l 9-l CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 312 20 1 1 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 312 21 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 312 22 19921 19921 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 312 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 312 24 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 312 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 312 26 E e NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 312 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 312 28 PCR PCR NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 312 29 products product NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 312 30 spanning span VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 312 31 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 312 32 hypervariable hypervariable JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 312 33 region region NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 312 34 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 312 35 NC NC NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 312 36 17 17 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 312 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 312 38 lane lane NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 312 39 2 2 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 312 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 312 41 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 312 42 four four CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 312 43 different different JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 312 44 revertant revertant NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 312 45 viruses virus NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 312 46 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 312 47 lanes lane NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 312 48 3 3 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 312 49 - - SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 312 50 6 6 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 312 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 312 52 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 313 1 Lane lane NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 313 2 1 1 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 313 3 contains contain VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 313 4 DNA dna NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 313 5 markers marker NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 313 6 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 313 7 all all DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 313 8 panels panel NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 313 9 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 314 1 polymerase polymerase NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 314 2 region region NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 314 3 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 314 4 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 314 5 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 314 6 A59 A59 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 314 7 may may MD cord-253024-b393ea2u 314 8 be be VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 314 9 grossly grossly RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 314 10 under under IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 314 11 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 314 12 LA6 la6 NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 314 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 314 14 was be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 314 15 unclear unclear JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 314 16 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 315 1 This this DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 315 2 seems seem VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 315 3 unlikely unlikely JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 315 4 because because IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 315 5 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 315 6 uniestimated uniestimate VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 315 7 because because IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 315 8 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 315 9 exact exact JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 315 10 location location NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 315 11 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 315 12 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 315 13 ts ts NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 315 14 allele allele NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 315 15 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 315 16 form form NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 315 17 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 315 18 frequency frequency NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 315 19 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 315 20 lo lo NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 315 21 / / SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 315 22 o/575 o/575 NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 315 23 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 315 24 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 315 25 group group NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 315 26 E e NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 315 27 mutant mutant NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 315 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 315 29 LA1 LA1 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 315 30 8) 8) NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 315 31 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 315 32 group group NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 315 33 A a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 315 34 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 315 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 315 36 LA3/ LA3/ NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 315 37 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 315 38 dsRNA dsrna NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 315 39 throughout throughout IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 315 40 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 315 41 genome genome NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 316 1 would would MD cord-253024-b393ea2u 316 2 : : : cord-253024-b393ea2u 316 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 316 4 1 1 LS cord-253024-b393ea2u 316 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 316 6 predict predict VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 316 7 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 316 8 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 316 9 frequency frequency NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 316 10 for for IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 316 11 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 316 12 MI MI NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 316 13 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 316 14 IV IV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 316 15 genome genome NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 316 16 to to TO cord-253024-b393ea2u 316 17 approach approach VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 316 18 -56 -56 IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 316 19 % % NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 316 20 or or CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 316 21 more more JJR cord-253024-b393ea2u 316 22 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 316 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 316 24 2 2 LS cord-253024-b393ea2u 316 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 316 26 place place NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 317 1 RNA rna NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 317 2 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 317 3 complementation complementation NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 317 4 groups group NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 317 5 A A NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 317 6 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 317 7 B b NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 317 8 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 317 9 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 317 10 C C NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 317 11 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 317 12 ORF ORF NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 317 13 1 1 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 317 14 b b NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 317 15 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 317 16 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 317 17 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 317 18 complementation complementation NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 317 19 groups group NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 317 20 D d NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 317 21 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 317 22 E e NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 317 23 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 317 24 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 317 25 p30 p30 NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 317 26 /HE /HE HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 317 27 nonstructural nonstructural JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 317 28 proteins protein NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 317 29 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 317 30 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 317 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 317 32 3 3 LS cord-253024-b393ea2u 317 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 317 34 suggest suggest VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 317 35 that that IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 317 36 conditional conditional JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 317 37 lethal lethal JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 317 38 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 317 39 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 317 40 not not RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 317 41 isolated isolate VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 317 42 within within IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 317 43 ORFla ORFla NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 317 44 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 317 45 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 317 46 5'most 5'most CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 317 47 three three CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 317 48 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 317 49 fifths fifth NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 317 50 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 317 51 -14 -14 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 317 52 kb kb NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 317 53 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 317 54 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 317 55 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 317 56 genome genome NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 317 57 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 318 1 This this DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 318 2 is be VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 318 3 highly highly RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 318 4 unlikely unlikely JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 318 5 since since IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 318 6 several several JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 318 7 proteolytic proteolytic JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 318 8 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 318 9 hydrophobic hydrophobic JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 318 10 membrane membrane NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 318 11 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 318 12 anchoring anchor VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 318 13 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 318 14 cysteine cysteine NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 318 15 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 318 16 rich rich JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 318 17 domains domain NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 318 18 have have VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 318 19 been be VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 318 20 identified identify VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 318 21 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 318 22 ORF ORF NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 318 23 1 1 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 318 24 a a NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 318 25 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 318 26 which which WDT cord-253024-b393ea2u 318 27 should should MD cord-253024-b393ea2u 318 28 be be VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 318 29 amenable amenable JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 318 30 to to IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 318 31 mutagenesis mutagenesis NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 318 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 318 33 Baker Baker NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 318 34 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 318 35 a/. a/. NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 318 36 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 318 37 1989 1989 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 318 38 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 318 39 Lee Lee NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 318 40 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 318 41 a/. a/. NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 318 42 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 318 43 1991 1991 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 318 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 318 45 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 319 1 More more RBR cord-253024-b393ea2u 319 2 importantly importantly RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 319 3 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 319 4 Tl Tl NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 319 5 fingerprint fingerprint NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 319 6 analysis analysis NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 319 7 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 319 8 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 319 9 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 319 10 viruses virus NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 319 11 derived derive VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 319 12 from from IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 319 13 ts ts JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 319 14 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 319 15 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 319 16 complementation complementation NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 319 17 groups group NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 319 18 C C NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 319 19 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 319 20 D D NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 319 21 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 319 22 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 319 23 E e LS cord-253024-b393ea2u 319 24 clearly clearly RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 319 25 place place VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 319 26 each each DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 319 27 genetic genetic JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 319 28 function function NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 319 29 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 319 30 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 319 31 polymerase polymerase NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 319 32 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 319 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 319 34 Keck Keck NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 319 35 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 319 36 a/. a/. NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 319 37 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 319 38 1987 1987 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 319 39 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 319 40 Lai Lai NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 319 41 et et FW cord-253024-b393ea2u 319 42 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 319 43 . . NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 319 44 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 319 45 1985 1985 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 319 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 319 47 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 1 Since since IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 2 RNA rna NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 3 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 4 complementation complementation NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 5 groups group NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 6 C c NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 7 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 8 D D NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 9 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 10 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 11 E E NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 12 have have VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 13 also also RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 14 been be VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 15 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 16 to to TO cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 17 function function VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 18 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 19 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 20 synthesis synthesis NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 21 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 22 map map NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 23 within within IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 24 ORF ORF NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 25 1 1 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 26 b b NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 27 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 28 which which WDT cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 29 contains contain VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 30 polymerase polymerase NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 31 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 32 helicase helicase NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 33 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 34 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 35 metal metal NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 36 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 37 binding bind VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 38 sequence sequence NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 39 motifs motifs NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 40 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 41 it -PRON- PRP cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 42 is be VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 43 extremely extremely RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 44 unlikely unlikely JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 45 that that IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 46 these these DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 47 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 48 map map VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 49 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 50 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 51 HE HE NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 52 or or CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 53 p30 p30 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 54 subgenomic subgenomic NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 55 ORFs ORFs NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 56 Bredenbeck Bredenbeck NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 57 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 58 a/. a/. NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 59 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 60 1990 1990 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 61 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 62 Lee Lee NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 63 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 64 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 65 . . NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 66 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 67 1991 1991 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 320 68 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 321 1 Schaad Schaad NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 321 2 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 321 3 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 321 4 . . NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 321 5 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 321 6 1990 1990 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 321 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 321 8 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 322 1 In in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 322 2 contrast contrast NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 322 3 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 322 4 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 322 5 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 322 6 rate rate NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 322 7 predicted predict VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 322 8 through through IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 322 9 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 322 10 polymerase polymerase NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 322 11 region region NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 322 12 was be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 322 13 not not RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 322 14 inordinately inordinately RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 322 15 high high JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 322 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 322 17 1%/1800 1%/1800 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 322 18 - - SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 322 19 2500 2500 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 322 20 bp bp NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 322 21 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 322 22 dsRNA dsRNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 322 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 322 24 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 322 25 but but CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 322 26 rather rather RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 322 27 closely closely RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 322 28 approximated approximate VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 322 29 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 322 30 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 322 31 frequencies frequency NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 322 32 estimated estimate VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 322 33 to to TO cord-253024-b393ea2u 322 34 occur occur VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 322 35 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 322 36 apthovirus apthovirus NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 322 37 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 322 38 poliovirus poliovirus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 322 39 infections infection NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 322 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 322 41 Cooper Cooper NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 322 42 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 322 43 1977 1977 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 322 44 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 322 45 King King NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 322 46 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 322 47 1987 1987 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 322 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 322 49 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 323 1 Thus thus RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 323 2 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 323 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-253024-b393ea2u 323 4 seems seem VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 323 5 likely likely JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 323 6 that that IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 323 7 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 323 8 frequencies frequency NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 323 9 measured measure VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 323 10 between between IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 323 11 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 323 12 polymerase polymerase NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 323 13 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 323 14 S S NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 323 15 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 323 16 genes gene NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 323 17 actually actually RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 323 18 represent represent VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 323 19 true true JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 323 20 differences difference NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 323 21 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 323 22 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 323 23 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 323 24 rate rate NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 323 25 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 324 1 Since since IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 324 2 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 324 3 enhanced enhance VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 324 4 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 324 5 frequencies frequency NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 324 6 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 324 7 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 324 8 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 324 9 observed observe VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 324 10 within within IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 324 11 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 324 12 physically physically RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 324 13 smaller small JJR cord-253024-b393ea2u 324 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 324 15 4.0-kb 4.0-kb CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 324 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 324 17 region region NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 324 18 as as IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 324 19 compared compare VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 324 20 to to IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 324 21 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 324 22 22-kb 22-kb CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 324 23 polymerase polymerase NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 324 24 region region NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 324 25 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 324 26 it -PRON- PRP cord-253024-b393ea2u 324 27 is be VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 324 28 possible possible JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 324 29 that that IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 324 30 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 324 31 mechanism mechanism NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 324 32 similar similar JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 324 33 to to IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 324 34 high high JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 324 35 negative negative JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 324 36 interference interference NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 324 37 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 324 38 DNA dna NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 324 39 viruses virus NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 324 40 may may MD cord-253024-b393ea2u 324 41 account account VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 324 42 for for IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 324 43 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 324 44 increased increase VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 324 45 rates rate NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 324 46 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 324 47 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 324 48 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 324 49 Chase Chase NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 324 50 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 324 51 Doermann Doermann NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 324 52 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 324 53 1958 1958 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 324 54 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 324 55 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 325 1 This this DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 325 2 seems seem VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 325 3 unlikely unlikely JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 325 4 since since IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 325 5 high high JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 325 6 negative negative JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 325 7 interference interference NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 325 8 is be VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 325 9 probably probably RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 325 10 mediated mediate VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 325 11 by by IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 325 12 DNA dna NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 325 13 polymerase polymerase NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 325 14 repair repair NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 325 15 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 325 16 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 325 17 which which WDT cord-253024-b393ea2u 325 18 have have VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 325 19 not not RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 325 20 been be VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 325 21 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 325 22 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 325 23 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 325 24 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 325 25 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 325 26 polymerase polymerase NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 325 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 325 28 Glickman Glickman NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 325 29 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 325 30 Radman Radman NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 325 31 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 325 32 1980 1980 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 325 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 325 34 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 326 1 The the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 326 2 increase increase NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 326 3 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 326 4 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 326 5 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 326 6 rate rate NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 326 7 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 326 8 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 326 9 S S NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 326 10 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 326 11 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 326 12 could could MD cord-253024-b393ea2u 326 13 also also RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 326 14 not not RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 326 15 be be VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 326 16 attributed attribute VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 326 17 to to IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 326 18 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 326 19 combination combination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 326 20 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 326 21 true true JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 326 22 homologous homologous JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 326 23 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 326 24 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 326 25 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 326 26 resulting result VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 326 27 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 326 28 large large JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 326 29 deletions deletion NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 326 30 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 327 1 Nonhomologous Nonhomologous NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 327 2 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 327 3 probably probably RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 327 4 explains explain VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 327 5 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 327 6 appearance appearance NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 327 7 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 327 8 defective defective JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 327 9 interfering interfere VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 327 10 RNAs rna NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 327 11 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 327 12 Sindbis Sindbis NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 327 13 virus virus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 327 14 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 327 15 vesicular vesicular JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 327 16 stomatitis stomatitis NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 327 17 virus virus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 327 18 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 327 19 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 327 20 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 327 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 327 22 Holland Holland NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 327 23 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 327 24 1987 1987 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 327 25 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 327 26 Makino Makino NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 327 27 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 327 28 a/. a/. NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 327 29 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 327 30 1988 1988 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 327 31 Monroe Monroe NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 327 32 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 327 33 Schlesinger Schlesinger NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 327 34 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 327 35 1983 1983 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 327 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 327 37 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 328 1 Since since IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 328 2 deletions deletion NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 328 3 have have VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 328 4 been be VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 328 5 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 328 6 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 328 7 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 328 8 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 328 9 S S NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 328 10 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 328 11 HE HE NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 328 12 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 328 13 genes gene NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 328 14 as as RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 328 15 well well RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 328 16 as as IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 328 17 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 328 18 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 328 19 nonstructural nonstructural JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 328 20 genes gene NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 328 21 encoded encode VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 328 22 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 328 23 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 328 24 4 4 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 328 25 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 328 26 5 5 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 328 27 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 328 28 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 328 29 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 328 30 TGEV TGEV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 328 31 S S NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 328 32 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 328 33 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 328 34 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 328 35 other other JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 328 36 subgenomic subgenomic NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 328 37 ORFs ORFs NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 329 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 329 2 Ban Ban NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 329 3 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 329 4 ner ner NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 329 5 el el NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 329 6 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 329 7 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 330 1 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 330 2 1990 1990 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 330 3 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 330 4 La La NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 330 5 Monica Monica NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 330 6 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 330 7 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 330 8 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 331 1 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 331 2 1991 1991 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 331 3 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 331 4 Luytjes Luytjes NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 331 5 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 331 6 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 331 7 . . NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 331 8 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 331 9 1987 1987 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 331 10 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 331 11 Parker Parker NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 331 12 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 331 13 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 331 14 . . NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 331 15 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 331 16 1990 1990 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 332 1 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 332 2 Rasschaert Rasschaert NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 332 3 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 332 4 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 332 5 . . NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 332 6 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 333 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-253024-b393ea2u 333 2 990 990 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 333 3 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 333 4 Schwartz Schwartz NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 333 5 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 333 6 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 333 7 . . NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 333 8 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 333 9 1990 1990 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 333 10 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 333 11 Yokomori Yokomori NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 333 12 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 333 13 Lai Lai NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 333 14 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 333 15 1991 1991 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 333 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 333 17 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 333 18 these these DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 333 19 data datum NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 333 20 have have VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 333 21 suggested suggest VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 333 22 that that IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 333 23 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 333 24 subgenomic subgenomic NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 333 25 ORFs ORFs NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 333 26 may may MD cord-253024-b393ea2u 333 27 be be VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 333 28 very very RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 333 29 amenable amenable JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 333 30 to to IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 333 31 frequent frequent JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 333 32 deletions deletion NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 333 33 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 333 34 insertions insertion NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 333 35 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 334 1 Insertions insertion NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 334 2 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 334 3 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 334 4 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 334 5 S S NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 334 6 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 334 7 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 334 8 have have VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 334 9 also also RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 334 10 been be VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 334 11 reported report VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 334 12 previously previously RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 335 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 335 2 Taguchi Taguchi NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 335 3 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 335 4 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 335 5 . . NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 335 6 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 335 7 1987 1987 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 335 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 335 9 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 336 1 Analysis analysis NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 336 2 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 336 3 20 20 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 336 4 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 336 5 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 336 6 viruses virus NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 336 7 derived derive VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 336 8 from from IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 336 9 different different JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 336 10 crosses crosse NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 336 11 between between IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 336 12 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 336 13 group group NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 336 14 F F NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 336 15 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 336 16 suggested suggest VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 336 17 that that IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 336 18 large large JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 336 19 deletions deletion NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 336 20 or or CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 336 21 insertions insertion NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 336 22 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 336 23 rare rare JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 336 24 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 336 25 occurred occur VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 336 26 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 336 27 < < XX cord-253024-b393ea2u 336 28 & & CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 336 29 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 336 30 rate rate NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 336 31 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 336 32 true true JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 336 33 homologous homologous JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 336 34 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 336 35 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 337 1 While while IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 337 2 these these DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 337 3 data datum NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 337 4 could could MD cord-253024-b393ea2u 337 5 not not RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 337 6 conclusively conclusively RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 337 7 rule rule VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 337 8 out out RP cord-253024-b393ea2u 337 9 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 337 10 presence presence NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 337 11 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 337 12 very very RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 337 13 small small JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 337 14 deletions deletion NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 337 15 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 337 16 this this DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 337 17 seems seem VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 337 18 unlikely unlikely JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 337 19 since since IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 337 20 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 337 21 predicted predict VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 337 22 distances distance NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 337 23 between between IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 337 24 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 337 25 ts ts NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 337 26 alleles allele NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 337 27 used use VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 337 28 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 337 29 these these DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 337 30 crosses crosse NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 337 31 should should MD cord-253024-b393ea2u 337 32 have have VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 337 33 resulted result VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 337 34 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 337 35 deletions deletion NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 337 36 ranging range VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 337 37 from from IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 337 38 -100 -100 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 337 39 bp bp NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 337 40 to to IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 337 41 > > XX cord-253024-b393ea2u 337 42 1000 1000 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 337 43 bp bp NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 337 44 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 337 45 length length NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 337 46 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 2 is be VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 3 also also RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 4 unlikely unlikely JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 5 that that IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 6 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 7 ts+ ts+ NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 8 virus virus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 9 isolated isolate VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 10 from from IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 11 these these DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 12 crosses crosse NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 13 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 14 revertants revertant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 15 containing contain VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 16 small small JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 17 deletions deletion NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 19 ~50 ~50 NFP cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 20 bp bp NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 22 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 23 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 24 singlets singlet NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 25 parent parent NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 26 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 27 since since IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 28 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 29 ratio ratio NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 30 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 31 recombinants recombinant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 32 : : : cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 33 revertants revertants NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 34 was be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 35 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 36 least least JJS cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 37 9 9 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 38 : : SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 39 1 1 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 40 or or CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 41 greater great JJR cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 42 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 43 each each DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 44 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 45 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 46 crosses crosse NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 47 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 48 none none NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 49 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 50 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 51 revertants revertant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 52 analyzed analyze VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 53 from from IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 54 each each DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 55 parental parental JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 56 ts ts NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 57 mutant mutant NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 58 had have VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 59 evidence evidence NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 60 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 61 deletions deletion NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 338 62 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 339 1 Since since IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 339 2 revertants revertant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 339 3 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 339 4 SB SB NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 339 5 ts ts NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 339 6 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 339 7 usually usually RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 339 8 contain contain VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 339 9 single single JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 339 10 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 339 11 reversions reversion NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 339 12 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 339 13 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 339 14 site site NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 339 15 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 339 16 mutation mutation NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 340 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 340 2 Hahn Hahn NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 340 3 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 340 4 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 340 5 . . NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 340 6 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 340 7 1989a 1989a CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 340 8 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 340 9 b b LS cord-253024-b393ea2u 340 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 340 11 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 340 12 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 340 13 most most RBS cord-253024-b393ea2u 340 14 likely likely JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 340 15 interpretation interpretation NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 340 16 from from IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 340 17 these these DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 340 18 data datum NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 340 19 is be VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 340 20 that that IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 340 21 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 340 22 increase increase NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 340 23 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 340 24 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 340 25 rate rate NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 340 26 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 340 27 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 340 28 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 340 29 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 340 30 S S NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 340 31 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 340 32 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 340 33 probably probably RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 340 34 reflects reflect VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 340 35 an an DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 340 36 increase increase NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 340 37 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 340 38 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 340 39 rate rate NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 340 40 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 340 41 true true JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 340 42 homologous homologous JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 340 43 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 340 44 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 340 45 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 341 1 If if IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 341 2 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 341 3 mechanism mechanism NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 341 4 for for IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 341 5 homologous homologous JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 341 6 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 341 7 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 341 8 recombinations recombination NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 341 9 resulting result VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 341 10 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 341 11 deletions deletion NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 341 12 are be VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 341 13 similar similar JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 341 14 as as IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 341 15 suggested suggest VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 341 16 by by IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 341 17 Banner Banner NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 341 18 et et FW cord-253024-b393ea2u 341 19 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 341 20 . . NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 341 21 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 341 22 1990 1990 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 341 23 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 341 24 these these DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 341 25 data datum NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 341 26 suggest suggest VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 341 27 that that IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 341 28 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 341 29 frequency frequency NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 341 30 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 341 31 these these DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 341 32 two two CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 341 33 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 341 34 events event NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 341 35 is be VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 341 36 very very RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 341 37 different different JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 341 38 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 342 1 Alternatively alternatively RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 342 2 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 342 3 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 342 4 regions region NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 342 5 flanked flank VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 342 6 by by IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 342 7 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 342 8 ts ts NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 342 9 mutations mutation NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 342 10 used use VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 342 11 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 342 12 these these DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 342 13 crosses crosse NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 342 14 may may MD cord-253024-b393ea2u 342 15 be be VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 342 16 critical critical JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 342 17 for for IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 342 18 S s NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 342 19 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 342 20 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 342 21 function function NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 342 22 or or CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 342 23 plaque plaque NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 342 24 formation formation NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 342 25 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 342 26 could could MD cord-253024-b393ea2u 342 27 not not RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 342 28 be be VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 342 29 deleted delete VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 342 30 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 343 1 Two two CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 343 2 possible possible JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 343 3 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 343 4 could could MD cord-253024-b393ea2u 343 5 explain explain VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 343 6 variable variable JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 343 7 rates rate NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 343 8 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 343 9 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 343 10 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 343 11 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 343 12 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 343 13 genome genome NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 343 14 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 344 1 The the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 344 2 first first JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 344 3 possibility possibility NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 344 4 is be VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 344 5 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 344 6 preferred preferred JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 344 7 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 344 8 site site NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 344 9 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 344 10 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 344 11 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 344 12 S S NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 344 13 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 344 14 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 344 15 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 345 1 A a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 345 2 clustering clustering NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 345 3 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 345 4 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 345 5 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 345 6 sites site NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 345 7 adjacent adjacent JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 345 8 to to IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 345 9 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 345 10 hypervariable hypervariable JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 345 11 region region NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 345 12 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 345 13 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 345 14 S S NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 345 15 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 345 16 region region NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 345 17 suggest suggest VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 345 18 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 345 19 presence presence NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 345 20 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 345 21 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 345 22 preferred preferred JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 345 23 site site NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 345 24 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 345 25 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 345 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 345 27 Banner Banner NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 345 28 eta/. eta/. CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 345 29 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 345 30 1990 1990 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 345 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 345 32 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 346 1 However however RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 346 2 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 346 3 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 346 4 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 346 5 absence absence NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 346 6 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 346 7 selection selection NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 346 8 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 346 9 crossover crossover NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 346 10 sites site NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 346 11 spanning span VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 346 12 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 346 13 hypervariable hypervariable JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 346 14 region region NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 346 15 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 346 16 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 346 17 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 346 18 S S NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 346 19 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 346 20 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 346 21 were be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 346 22 random random JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 346 23 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 346 24 suggesting suggest VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 346 25 that that IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 346 26 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 346 27 preferred preferred JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 346 28 site site NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 346 29 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 346 30 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 346 31 reflects reflect VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 346 32 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 346 33 vitro vitro FW cord-253024-b393ea2u 346 34 selection selection NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 346 35 for for IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 346 36 certain certain JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 346 37 types type NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 346 38 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 346 39 recombinants recombinant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 346 40 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 347 1 Although although IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 347 2 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 347 3 majority majority NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 347 4 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 347 5 data datum NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 347 6 support support VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 347 7 non non JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 347 8 - - JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 347 9 site site JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 347 10 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 347 11 specific specific JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 347 12 homologous homologous JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 347 13 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 347 14 throughout throughout IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 347 15 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 347 16 entire entire JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 347 17 poliovirus poliovirus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 347 18 genome genome NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 347 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 347 20 Kirkegaard Kirkegaard NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 347 21 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 347 22 Baltimore Baltimore NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 347 23 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 347 24 1986 1986 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 347 25 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 347 26 Sarnow Sarnow NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 347 27 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 347 28 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 347 29 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 347 30 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 347 31 1990 1990 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 347 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 348 1 Brian Brian NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 348 2 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 348 3 1989 1989 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 348 4 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 348 5 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 348 6 Sawickr Sawickr NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 348 7 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 348 8 Sawicki Sawicki NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 348 9 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 348 10 1990 1990 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 348 11 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 348 12 have have VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 348 13 clearly clearly RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 348 14 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 348 15 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 348 16 presence presence NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 348 17 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 348 18 subgenomic subgenomic NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 348 19 minus minus CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 348 20 strands strand NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 349 1 In in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 349 2 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 349 3 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 349 4 TGEV TGEV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 349 5 infected infected JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 349 6 cells cell NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 349 7 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 350 1 If if IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 350 2 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 350 3 subgenomic subgenomic NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 350 4 minus minus FW cord-253024-b393ea2u 350 5 strands strand NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 350 6 partrcipate partrcipate VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 350 7 In in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 350 8 template template NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 350 9 switching switch VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 350 10 with with IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 350 11 full full JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 350 12 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 350 13 length length NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 350 14 genomrc genomrc NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 350 15 RNAs rna NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 350 16 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 350 17 recombrnation recombrnation NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 350 18 rates rate NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 350 19 should should MD cord-253024-b393ea2u 350 20 increase increase VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 350 21 from from IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 350 22 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 350 23 5 5 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 350 24 ' ' '' cord-253024-b393ea2u 350 25 to to IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 350 26 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 350 27 3 3 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 350 28 ' ' NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 350 29 end end NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 350 30 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 350 31 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 350 32 genome genome NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 350 33 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 351 1 Panel Panel NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 351 2 A A NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 351 3 demonstrates demonstrate VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 351 4 how how WRB cord-253024-b393ea2u 351 5 template template NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 351 6 switching switching NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 351 7 could could MD cord-253024-b393ea2u 351 8 occur occur VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 351 9 during during IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 351 10 negative negative JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 351 11 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 351 12 strand strand NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 351 13 synthesis synthesis NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 351 14 between between IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 351 15 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 351 16 full full JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 351 17 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 351 18 length length NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 351 19 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 351 20 subgenomic subgenomic JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 351 21 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 351 22 length length NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 351 23 plus plus CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 351 24 strand strand NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 351 25 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 351 26 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 351 27 result result VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 352 1 In in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 352 2 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 352 3 full full JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 352 4 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 352 5 length length NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 352 6 negative negative JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 352 7 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 352 8 stranded strand VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 352 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 352 10 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 352 11 molecule molecule NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 352 12 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 353 1 Panel Panel NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 353 2 B B NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 353 3 demonstrates demonstrate VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 353 4 how how WRB cord-253024-b393ea2u 353 5 template template NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 353 6 switching switch VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 353 7 between between IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 353 8 full full JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 353 9 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 353 10 length length NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 353 11 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 353 12 subgenomic subgenomic JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 353 13 negative negative JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 353 14 strands strand NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 353 15 during during IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 353 16 positrve positrve JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 353 17 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 353 18 strand strand NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 353 19 synthesis synthesis NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 353 20 could could MD cord-253024-b393ea2u 353 21 result result VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 353 22 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 353 23 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 353 24 genome genome NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 353 25 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 353 26 length length NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 353 27 molecules molecule NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 353 28 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 353 29 switching switch VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 353 30 occur occur VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 353 31 after after IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 353 32 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 353 33 synthesis synthesis NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 353 34 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 353 35 UU UU NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 353 36 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 353 37 sites site NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 353 38 chosen choose VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 353 39 to to TO cord-253024-b393ea2u 353 40 minimize minimize VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 353 41 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 353 42 adverse adverse JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 353 43 free free JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 353 44 energy energy NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 353 45 change change NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 353 46 involved involve VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 353 47 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 353 48 switching switch VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 353 49 to to IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 353 50 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 353 51 heterotypic heterotypic JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 353 52 template template NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 353 53 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 353 54 King King NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 353 55 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 353 56 1988 1988 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 353 57 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 353 58 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 354 1 In in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 354 2 addition addition NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 354 3 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 354 4 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 354 5 nonrandom nonrandom JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 354 6 distribution distribution NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 354 7 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 354 8 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 354 9 sites site NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 354 10 has have VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 354 11 also also RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 354 12 been be VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 354 13 reported report VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 354 14 among among IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 354 15 intertypic intertypic NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 354 16 poliovirus poliovirus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 354 17 recombinants recombinant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 354 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 354 19 Tolskaya Tolskaya NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 354 20 et et FW cord-253024-b393ea2u 354 21 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 354 22 . . NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 354 23 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 354 24 1987 1987 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 354 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 354 26 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 355 1 If if IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 355 2 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 355 3 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 355 4 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 355 5 is be VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 355 6 mediated mediate VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 355 7 by by IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 355 8 freely freely RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 355 9 segregating segregate VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 355 10 RNA rna NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 355 11 segments segment NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 355 12 that that WDT cord-253024-b393ea2u 355 13 are be VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 355 14 generated generate VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 355 15 by by IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 355 16 transcriptional transcriptional NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 355 17 pausing pause VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 355 18 during during IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 355 19 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 355 20 synthesis synthesis NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 355 21 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 355 22 preferred preferred JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 355 23 sites site NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 355 24 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 355 25 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 355 26 may may MD cord-253024-b393ea2u 355 27 also also RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 355 28 exist exist VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 355 29 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 355 30 AU au JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 355 31 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 355 32 rich rich JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 355 33 regions region NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 356 1 and/or and/or CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 356 2 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 356 3 regions region NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 356 4 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 356 5 secondary secondary JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 356 6 structure structure NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 356 7 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 356 8 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 356 9 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 356 10 genome genome NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 357 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 357 2 Baric Baric NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 357 3 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 357 4 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 357 5 . . NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 357 6 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 357 7 1987 1987 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 357 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 357 9 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 358 1 However however RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 358 2 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 358 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-253024-b393ea2u 358 4 is be VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 358 5 difficult difficult JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 358 6 to to TO cord-253024-b393ea2u 358 7 envision envision VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 358 8 how how WRB cord-253024-b393ea2u 358 9 these these DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 358 10 types type NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 358 11 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 358 12 preferred preferred JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 358 13 sites site NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 358 14 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 358 15 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 358 16 would would MD cord-253024-b393ea2u 358 17 result result VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 358 18 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 358 19 higher high JJR cord-253024-b393ea2u 358 20 intratypic intratypic JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 358 21 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 358 22 frequencies frequency NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 358 23 between between IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 358 24 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 358 25 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 358 26 A59 A59 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 358 27 ts ts NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 358 28 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 358 29 since since IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 358 30 extensive extensive JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 358 31 secondary secondary JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 358 32 structure structure NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 358 33 is be VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 358 34 found find VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 358 35 throughout throughout IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 358 36 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 358 37 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 358 38 genome genome NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 358 39 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 358 40 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 358 41 G g NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 359 1 : : : cord-253024-b393ea2u 359 2 C c NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 359 3 : : : cord-253024-b393ea2u 360 1 A a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 360 2 : : : cord-253024-b393ea2u 361 1 U U NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 361 2 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 361 3 AA AA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 361 4 / / SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 361 5 UU UU NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 361 6 dimer dimer NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 361 7 ratios ratio NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 361 8 are be VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 361 9 roughly roughly RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 361 10 equivalent equivalent JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 361 11 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 361 12 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 361 13 polymerase polymerase NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 361 14 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 361 15 S S NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 361 16 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 361 17 regions region NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 361 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 361 19 Banner Banner NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 361 20 et et FW cord-253024-b393ea2u 361 21 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 361 22 . . NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 361 23 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 361 24 199 199 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 361 25 1 1 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 361 26 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 361 27 Baric Baric NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 361 28 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 361 29 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 361 30 . . NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 361 31 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 361 32 1987 1987 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 361 33 ; ; . cord-253024-b393ea2u 362 1 Soe Soe NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 362 2 et et FW cord-253024-b393ea2u 362 3 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 362 4 . . NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 362 5 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 362 6 1988 1988 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 362 7 ; ; . cord-253024-b393ea2u 363 1 Fu Fu NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 363 2 et et FW cord-253024-b393ea2u 363 3 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 363 4 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 364 1 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 364 2 unpublished unpublished JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 364 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 364 4 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 365 1 A a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 365 2 more more RBR cord-253024-b393ea2u 365 3 likely likely JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 365 4 mechanism mechanism NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 365 5 to to TO cord-253024-b393ea2u 365 6 explain explain VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 365 7 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 365 8 increase increase NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 365 9 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 365 10 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 365 11 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 365 12 rate rate NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 365 13 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 365 14 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 365 15 S S NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 365 16 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 365 17 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 365 18 is be VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 365 19 based base VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 365 20 on on IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 365 21 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 365 22 basic basic JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 365 23 replication replication NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 365 24 strategy strategy NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 365 25 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 365 26 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 365 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 365 28 Fig Fig NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 365 29 . . NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 365 30 7 7 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 365 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 365 32 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 366 1 Recently recently RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 366 2 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 366 3 subgenomic subgenomic NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 366 4 minus minus JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 366 5 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 366 6 strand strand NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 366 7 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 366 8 replicative replicative JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 366 9 intermediate intermediate JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 366 10 RNAs rna NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 366 11 have have VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 366 12 been be VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 366 13 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 366 14 during during IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 366 15 TGEV TGEV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 366 16 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 366 17 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 366 18 infection infection NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 366 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 366 20 Sethna Sethna NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 366 21 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 366 22 a/. a/. NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 366 23 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 366 24 1989 1989 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 366 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 366 26 Sethna Sethna NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 366 27 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 366 28 a/. a/. NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 366 29 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 366 30 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 367 1 1991 1991 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 367 2 Sawicki Sawicki NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 367 3 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 367 4 Sawicki Sawicki NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 367 5 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 367 6 1990 1990 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 367 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 367 8 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 368 1 These these DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 368 2 data datum NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 368 3 indicate indicate VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 368 4 that that IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 368 5 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 368 6 amount amount NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 368 7 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 368 8 negative negative JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 368 9 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 368 10 strand strand NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 368 11 template template NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 368 12 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 368 13 is be VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 368 14 unequal unequal JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 368 15 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 368 16 increases increase NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 368 17 from from IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 368 18 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 368 19 5 5 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 368 20 ' ' '' cord-253024-b393ea2u 368 21 to to IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 368 22 3 3 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 368 23 ' ' '' cord-253024-b393ea2u 368 24 end end NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 368 25 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 368 26 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 368 27 genome genome NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 368 28 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 369 1 Because because IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 369 2 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 369 3 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 369 4 availability availability NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 369 5 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 369 6 more more RBR cord-253024-b393ea2u 369 7 negative negative JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 369 8 strand strand NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 369 9 template template NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 369 10 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 369 11 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 369 12 rates rate NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 369 13 should should MD cord-253024-b393ea2u 369 14 increase increase VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 369 15 proportionately proportionately RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 369 16 from from IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 369 17 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 369 18 5 5 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 369 19 ' ' '' cord-253024-b393ea2u 369 20 to to IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 369 21 3 3 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 369 22 ' ' '' cord-253024-b393ea2u 369 23 end end NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 369 24 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 369 25 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 369 26 genome genome NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 369 27 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 369 28 be be VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 369 29 highest high JJS cord-253024-b393ea2u 369 30 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 369 31 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 369 32 N n CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 369 33 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 369 34 coding code VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 369 35 region region NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 369 36 contained contain VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 369 37 within within IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 369 38 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 369 39 7 7 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 369 40 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 370 1 For for IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 370 2 example example NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 370 3 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 370 4 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 370 5 events event NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 370 6 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 370 7 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 370 8 polymerase polymerase NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 370 9 region region NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 370 10 can can MD cord-253024-b393ea2u 370 11 only only RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 370 12 involve involve VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 370 13 template template NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 370 14 switching switch VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 370 15 between between IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 370 16 full full JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 370 17 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 370 18 length length NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 370 19 negative negative JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 370 20 - - : cord-253024-b393ea2u 370 21 or or CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 370 22 positive positive JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 370 23 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 370 24 strand strand NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 370 25 RNA rna NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 370 26 templates template NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 370 27 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 371 1 However however RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 371 2 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 371 3 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 371 4 events event NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 371 5 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 371 6 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 371 7 S S NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 371 8 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 371 9 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 371 10 or or CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 371 11 other other JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 371 12 subgenomic subgenomic JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 371 13 ORFs ORFs NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 371 14 could could MD cord-253024-b393ea2u 371 15 not not RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 371 16 only only RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 371 17 occur occur VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 371 18 between between IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 371 19 full full JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 371 20 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 371 21 length length NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 371 22 RNA rna NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 371 23 templates template NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 371 24 but but CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 371 25 also also RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 371 26 involve involve VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 371 27 subgenomic subgenomic NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 371 28 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 371 29 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 371 30 subgenomic subgenomic JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 371 31 negative negative JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 371 32 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 371 33 strand strand NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 371 34 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 371 35 templates template NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 371 36 as as RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 371 37 well well RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 371 38 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 372 1 Several several JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 372 2 findings finding NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 372 3 support support VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 372 4 this this DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 372 5 hypothesis hypothesis NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 372 6 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 373 1 First first RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 373 2 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 373 3 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 373 4 frequencies frequency NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 373 5 between between IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 373 6 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 373 7 polymerase polymerase NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 373 8 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 373 9 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 373 10 S S NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 373 11 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 373 12 genes gene NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 373 13 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 373 14 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 373 15 may may MD cord-253024-b393ea2u 373 16 vary vary VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 373 17 threefold threefold RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 373 18 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 374 1 Second second RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 374 2 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 374 3 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 374 4 vitro vitro FW cord-253024-b393ea2u 374 5 transcribed transcribe VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 374 6 subgenomic subgenomic JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 374 7 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 374 8 length length NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 374 9 DI DI NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 374 10 RNAs rna NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 374 11 rapidly rapidly RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 374 12 undergo undergo VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 374 13 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 374 14 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 374 15 with with IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 374 16 fulllength fulllength NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 374 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 374 18 or or CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 374 19 subgenomic subgenomic JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 374 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 375 1 RNAs rna NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 375 2 supporting support VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 375 3 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 375 4 notion notion NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 375 5 that that IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 375 6 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 375 7 events event NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 375 8 can can MD cord-253024-b393ea2u 375 9 occur occur VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 375 10 between between IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 375 11 different different JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 375 12 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 375 13 sized sized JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 375 14 template template NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 375 15 RNAs rna NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 375 16 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 376 1 Third third JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 376 2 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 376 3 analysis analysis NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 376 4 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 376 5 sepharose sepharose NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 376 6 2B 2B NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 376 7 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 376 8 Cl Cl NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 376 9 column column NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 376 10 purified purify VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 376 11 full full JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 376 12 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 376 13 length length NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 376 14 RI RI NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 376 15 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 376 16 has have VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 376 17 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 376 18 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 376 19 presence presence NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 376 20 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 376 21 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 376 22 7 7 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 376 23 subgenomic subgenomic JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 376 24 nascent nascent JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 376 25 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 376 26 plus plus CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 376 27 strands strand NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 376 28 bound bind VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 376 29 to to IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 376 30 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 376 31 fulllength fulllength JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 376 32 negative negative JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 376 33 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 376 34 strand strand NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 376 35 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 376 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 376 37 Baric Baric NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 376 38 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 376 39 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 376 40 . . NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 376 41 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 376 42 1983 1983 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 376 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 376 44 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 377 1 While while IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 377 2 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 377 3 original original JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 377 4 interpretation interpretation NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 377 5 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 377 6 these these DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 377 7 data datum NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 377 8 supported support VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 377 9 " " `` cord-253024-b393ea2u 377 10 leader leader NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 377 11 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 377 12 primed prime VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 377 13 " " '' cord-253024-b393ea2u 377 14 transcription transcription NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 377 15 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 377 16 an an DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 377 17 alternative alternative JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 377 18 explanation explanation NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 377 19 for for IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 377 20 these these DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 377 21 findings finding NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 377 22 is be VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 377 23 that that IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 377 24 these these DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 377 25 subgenomic subgenomic JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 377 26 nascent nascent JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 377 27 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 377 28 plus plus CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 377 29 strands strand NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 377 30 have have VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 377 31 disassociated disassociate VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 377 32 from from IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 377 33 subgenomic subgenomic JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 377 34 RI RI NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 377 35 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 377 36 template template NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 377 37 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 377 38 recombined recombine VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 377 39 with with IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 377 40 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 377 41 fulllength fulllength JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 377 42 negative negative JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 377 43 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 377 44 strand strand NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 377 45 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 377 46 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 378 1 Finally finally RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 378 2 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 378 3 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 378 4 large large JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 378 5 number number NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 378 6 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 378 7 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 378 8 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 378 9 viruses virus NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 378 10 selected select VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 378 11 with with IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 378 12 markers marker NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 378 13 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 378 14 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 378 15 S S NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 378 16 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 378 17 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 378 18 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 378 19 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 378 20 contain contain VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 378 21 additional additional JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 378 22 crossover crossover NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 378 23 sites site NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 378 24 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 378 25 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 378 26 M M NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 378 27 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 378 28 N n CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 378 29 structural structural JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 378 30 genes gene NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 378 31 encoded encode VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 378 32 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 378 33 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 378 34 3 3 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 378 35 ' ' NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 378 36 end end NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 378 37 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 378 38 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 378 39 genome genome NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 379 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 379 2 Keck Keck NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 379 3 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 379 4 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 379 5 . . NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 379 6 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 379 7 1988b 1988b CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 379 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 379 9 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 380 1 These these DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 380 2 findings finding NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 380 3 are be VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 380 4 consistent consistent JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 380 5 with with IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 380 6 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 380 7 idea idea NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 380 8 that that IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 380 9 subgenomic subgenomic NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 380 10 minus minus CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 380 11 strands strand NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 380 12 function function VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 380 13 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 380 14 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 380 15 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 380 16 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 380 17 suggest suggest VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 380 18 that that IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 380 19 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 380 20 events event NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 380 21 may may MD cord-253024-b393ea2u 380 22 increase increase VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 380 23 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 380 24 frequency frequency NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 380 25 toward toward IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 380 26 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 380 27 3 3 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 380 28 ' ' NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 380 29 end end NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 380 30 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 380 31 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 380 32 genome genome NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 380 33 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 381 1 High high JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 381 2 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 381 3 frequency frequency NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 381 4 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 381 5 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 381 6 is be VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 381 7 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 381 8 unique unique JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 381 9 property property NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 381 10 associated associate VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 381 11 with with IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 381 12 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 381 13 replication replication NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 381 14 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 382 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-253024-b393ea2u 382 2 data datum NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 382 3 suggest suggest VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 382 4 that that IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 382 5 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 382 6 frequency frequency NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 382 7 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 382 8 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 382 9 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 382 10 is be VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 382 11 mediated mediate VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 382 12 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 382 13 part part NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 382 14 by by IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 382 15 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 382 16 large large JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 382 17 size size NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 382 18 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 382 19 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 382 20 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 382 21 genome genome NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 382 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 382 23 32 32 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 382 24 kb kb NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 382 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 382 26 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 382 27 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-253024-b393ea2u 382 28 novel novel JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 382 29 mechanism mechanism NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 382 30 for for IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 382 31 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 382 32 synthesis synthesis NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 382 33 involving involve VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 382 34 " " `` cord-253024-b393ea2u 382 35 leader leader NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 382 36 primed prime VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 382 37 " " `` cord-253024-b393ea2u 382 38 discontinuous discontinuous JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 382 39 transcription transcription NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 382 40 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 382 41 mRNA mrna NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 382 42 replication replication NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 382 43 via via IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 382 44 subgenomic subgenomic NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 382 45 minus minus CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 382 46 strands strand NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 383 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 383 2 Baric Baric NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 383 3 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 383 4 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 383 5 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 384 1 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 384 2 1983 1983 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 384 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 384 4 Baric Baric NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 384 5 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 384 6 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 384 7 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 385 1 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 385 2 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 385 3 1987 1987 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 385 4 Sethna Sethna NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 385 5 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 385 6 a/ a/ NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 385 7 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 385 8 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 385 9 1989 1989 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 385 10 Sethna Sethna NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 385 11 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 385 12 a/ a/ NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 385 13 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 385 14 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 385 15 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 386 1 1991 1991 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 386 2 Sawicki Sawicki NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 386 3 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 386 4 Sawicki Sawicki NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 386 5 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 386 6 1990 1990 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 386 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 386 8 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 387 1 The the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 387 2 possibility possibility NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 387 3 that that IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 387 4 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 387 5 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 387 6 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 387 7 rate rate NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 387 8 increases increase VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 387 9 proportionately proportionately RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 387 10 from from IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 387 11 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 387 12 5 5 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 387 13 ' ' '' cord-253024-b393ea2u 387 14 to to IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 387 15 3 3 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 387 16 ' ' '' cord-253024-b393ea2u 387 17 ends end NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 387 18 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 387 19 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 387 20 genome genome NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 387 21 may may MD cord-253024-b393ea2u 387 22 also also RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 387 23 contribute contribute VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 387 24 to to IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 387 25 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 387 26 evolution evolution NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 387 27 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 387 28 genetic genetic JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 387 29 diversity diversity NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 387 30 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 387 31 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 387 32 organization organization NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 387 33 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 387 34 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 387 35 genomes genome NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 387 36 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 388 1 For for IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 388 2 instance instance NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 388 3 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 388 4 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 388 5 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 388 6 order order NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 388 7 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 388 8 IBV IBV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 388 9 is be VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 388 10 different different JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 388 11 from from IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 388 12 other other JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 388 13 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 388 14 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 388 15 it -PRON- PRP cord-253024-b393ea2u 388 16 contains contain VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 388 17 an an DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 388 18 additional additional JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 388 19 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 388 20 between between IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 388 21 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 388 22 M M NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 388 23 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 388 24 N n CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 388 25 genes gene NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 388 26 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 388 27 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 388 28 3'end 3'end CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 388 29 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 388 30 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 388 31 genome genome NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 388 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 388 33 Cavanagh Cavanagh NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 388 34 eta/. eta/. CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 388 35 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 388 36 1991 1991 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 388 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 388 38 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 389 1 TGEV TGEV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 389 2 also also RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 389 3 contains contain VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 389 4 an an DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 389 5 additional additional JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 389 6 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 389 7 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 389 8 designated designate VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 389 9 X X NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 389 10 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 389 11 which which WDT cord-253024-b393ea2u 389 12 is be VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 389 13 located locate VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 389 14 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 389 15 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 389 16 3'end 3'end CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 389 17 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 389 18 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 389 19 genome genome NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 389 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 389 21 Kapke Kapke NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 389 22 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 389 23 Brian Brian NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 389 24 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 389 25 1986 1986 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 389 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 389 27 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 390 1 More more RBR cord-253024-b393ea2u 390 2 remarkably remarkably RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 390 3 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 390 4 so so RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 390 5 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 390 6 me -PRON- PRP cord-253024-b393ea2u 390 7 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 390 8 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 390 9 but but CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 390 10 not not RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 390 11 all all DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 390 12 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 390 13 contain contain VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 390 14 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 390 15 p30 p30 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 390 16 nonstructural nonstructural JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 390 17 protein protein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 390 18 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 390 19 an an DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 390 20 HE HE NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 390 21 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 390 22 that that WDT cord-253024-b393ea2u 390 23 is be VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 390 24 related relate VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 390 25 to to IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 390 26 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 390 27 influenza influenza NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 390 28 C c NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 390 29 virus virus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 391 1 HE he PRP cord-253024-b393ea2u 391 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 391 3 Luytjes Luytjes NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 391 4 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 391 5 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 391 6 . . NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 391 7 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 391 8 1988 1988 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 391 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 391 10 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 392 1 Coronaviruses Coronaviruses NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 392 2 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 392 3 toroviruses toroviruse NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 392 4 may may MD cord-253024-b393ea2u 392 5 also also RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 392 6 have have VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 392 7 diverged diverge VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 392 8 by by IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 392 9 nonhomologous nonhomologous JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 392 10 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 392 11 events event NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 392 12 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 392 13 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-253024-b393ea2u 392 14 polymerase polymerase NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 392 15 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 392 16 envelope envelope NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 392 17 proteins protein NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 393 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 393 2 Snijder Snijder NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 393 3 et et NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 393 4 al al NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 393 5 . . NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 393 6 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 393 7 1991 1991 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 393 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 393 9 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 394 1 These these DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 394 2 findings finding NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 394 3 are be VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 394 4 consistent consistent JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 394 5 with with IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 394 6 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 394 7 fact fact NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 394 8 that that IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 394 9 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 394 10 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 394 11 genome genome NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 394 12 has have VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 394 13 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 394 14 remarkable remarkable JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 394 15 ability ability NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 394 16 to to TO cord-253024-b393ea2u 394 17 evolve evolve VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 394 18 by by IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 394 19 homologous homologous JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 394 20 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 394 21 nonhomologous nonhomologous JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 394 22 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 394 23 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 394 24 especially especially RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 394 25 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 394 26 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 394 27 genes gene NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 394 28 encoded encode VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 394 29 by by IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 394 30 subgenomic subgenomic NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 394 31 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 394 32 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 395 1 Regeneration regeneration NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 395 2 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 395 3 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 395 4 functional functional JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 395 5 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 395 6 virus virus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 395 7 genome genome NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 395 8 by by IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 395 9 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 395 10 between between IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 395 11 deletion deletion NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 395 12 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 395 13 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 395 14 requirement requirement NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 395 15 for for IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 395 16 cowpea cowpea NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 395 17 chlorotic chlorotic JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 395 18 mottle mottle NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 395 19 virus virus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 395 20 3a 3a NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 395 21 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 395 22 coat coat NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 395 23 genes gene NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 395 24 for for IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 395 25 systemic systemic JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 395 26 infection infection NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 395 27 Identification identification NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 395 28 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 395 29 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 395 30 domain domain NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 395 31 required require VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 395 32 for for IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 395 33 autoproteolytic autoproteolytic JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 395 34 cleavage cleavage NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 395 35 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 395 36 murine murine JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 395 37 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 395 38 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 395 39 A a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 395 40 polyprotein polyprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 396 1 An an DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 396 2 in in FW cord-253024-b393ea2u 396 3 vitro vitro FW cord-253024-b393ea2u 396 4 system system NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 396 5 for for IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 396 6 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 396 7 leader leader NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 396 8 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 396 9 primed prime VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 396 10 transcription transcription NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 396 11 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 396 12 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 396 13 mRNAs mrnas ADD cord-253024-b393ea2u 396 14 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 397 1 f/&Y0 f/&Y0 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 398 1 A a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 398 2 clustering clustering NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 398 3 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 398 4 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 398 5 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 398 6 sites site NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 398 7 adjacent adjacent JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 398 8 to to IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 398 9 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 398 10 hypervariable hypervariable JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 398 11 region region NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 398 12 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 398 13 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 398 14 peplomer peplomer JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 398 15 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 398 16 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 398 17 murine murine JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 398 18 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 398 19 Random random JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 398 20 nature nature NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 398 21 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 398 22 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 398 23 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 398 24 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 398 25 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 398 26 absence absence NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 398 27 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 398 28 selection selection NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 398 29 pressure pressure NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 398 30 Characterization characterization NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 398 31 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 398 32 replicative replicative JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 398 33 intermediate intermediate JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 398 34 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 398 35 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 398 36 mouse mouse NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 398 37 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 398 38 virus virus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 398 39 : : : cord-253024-b393ea2u 398 40 Presence presence NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 398 41 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 398 42 leader leader NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 398 43 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 398 44 sequences sequence NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 398 45 on on IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 398 46 nascent nascent JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 398 47 chains chain NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 398 48 Characterization characterization NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 398 49 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 398 50 leader leader NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 398 51 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 398 52 related relate VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 398 53 small small JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 398 54 RNAs rna NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 398 55 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 398 56 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 398 57 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 398 58 infected infect VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 398 59 cells cell NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 398 60 : : : cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 1 Further further JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 2 evidence evidence NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 3 for for IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 4 leader leader NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 5 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 6 primed prime VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 7 mechanism mechanism NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 8 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 9 transcription transcription NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 10 Analysis Analysis NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 11 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 12 intercellular intercellular JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 13 small small JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 14 RNAs rna NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 15 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 16 mouse mouse NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 17 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 18 virus virus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 19 : : : cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 20 Evidence evidence NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 21 for for IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 22 discontinuous discontinuous JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 23 transcription transcription NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 24 Interactions interaction NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 25 between between IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 26 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 27 nucleocapsid nucleocapsid NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 28 protein protein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 29 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 30 viral viral JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 31 RNAs rna NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 32 : : : cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 33 Implications implication NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 34 for for IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 35 viral viral JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 36 transcription transcription NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 37 Establishing establish VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 38 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 39 genetic genetic JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 40 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 41 map map NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 42 for for IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 43 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 44 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 45 A59 A59 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 46 complementation complementation NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 47 groups group NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 48 Nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 49 sequence sequence NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 50 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 51 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 52 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 53 S s NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 54 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 55 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 56 bovine bovine JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 57 enteric enteric JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 58 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 59 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 60 comparison comparison NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 61 with with IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 62 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 63 S S NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 64 proteins protein NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 65 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 66 two two CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 67 mouse mouse NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 68 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 399 69 virus virus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 400 1 strains strain NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 400 2 Characterization characterization NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 400 3 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 400 4 two two CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 400 5 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 400 6 polymerase polymerase NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 400 7 activities activity NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 400 8 induced induce VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 400 9 by by IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 400 10 mouse mouse NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 400 11 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 400 12 virus virus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 401 1 Further further JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 401 2 characterization characterization NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 401 3 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 401 4 mouse mouse NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 401 5 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 401 6 virus virus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 401 7 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 401 8 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 401 9 dependent dependent JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 401 10 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 401 11 polymerases polymerase NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 1 The the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 2 primary primary JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 3 structure structure NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 4 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 5 expression expression NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 6 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 7 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 8 second second JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 9 open open JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 10 reading reading NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 11 frame frame NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 12 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 13 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 14 polymerase polymerase NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 15 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 16 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 17 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 18 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 19 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 20 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 21 A59 A59 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 22 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 23 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 24 highly highly RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 25 consetved consetved JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 26 polymerase polymerase NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 27 is be VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 28 expressed express VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 29 by by IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 30 an an DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 31 efficient efficient JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 32 ribosomal ribosomal JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 33 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 34 mechanism mechanism NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 35 Genetic genetic JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 36 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 37 between between IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 38 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 39 components component NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 40 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 41 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 42 multipartite multipartite NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 43 plant plant NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 44 virus virus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 45 Molecular molecular JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 46 basis basis NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 47 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 48 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 49 variation variation NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 50 exhibited exhibit VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 51 by by IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 52 avian avian JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 53 infectious infectious JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 54 bronchitis bronchitis NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 55 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 56 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 57 IBV IBV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 58 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 59 High high JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 60 negative negative JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 61 interference interference NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 62 over over IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 63 short short JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 64 segments segment NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 65 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 66 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 67 genetic genetic JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 68 structure structure NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 69 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 70 bacteriophage bacteriophage NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 71 T4 T4 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 72 Monoclonal Monoclonal NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 73 antibodies antibody NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 74 to to IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 75 murine murine JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 76 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 402 77 virus-4 virus-4 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 403 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 403 2 strain strain NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 403 3 JHM JHM NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 403 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 403 5 define define VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 403 6 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 403 7 viral viral JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 403 8 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 403 9 responsible responsible JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 403 10 for for IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 403 11 attachment attachment NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 403 12 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 403 13 cell cell NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 403 14 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 403 15 cell cell NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 403 16 fusion fusion NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 1 ln ln NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 2 vitro vitro FW cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 3 replication replication NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 4 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 5 mouse mouse NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 6 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 7 virus virus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 8 strain strain VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 9 A59 A59 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 10 A a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 11 genetic genetic JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 12 map map NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 13 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 14 poliovirus poliovirus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 15 temperature temperature NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 16 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 17 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 18 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 19 Attempts attempt VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 20 to to TO cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 21 extend extend VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 22 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 23 genetic genetic JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 24 map map NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 25 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 26 poliovirus poliovirus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 27 temperature temperature NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 28 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 29 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 30 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 31 Genetics Genetics NNPS cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 32 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 33 picornaviruses picornaviruses NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 34 Pathogenicity Pathogenicity NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 35 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 36 antigenic antigenic JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 37 variants variant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 38 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 39 murine murine JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 40 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 41 JHM JHM NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 42 selected select VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 43 with with IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 44 monoclonal monoclonal JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 45 antibodies antibody NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 46 Proteolytic proteolytic JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 47 cleavage cleavage NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 48 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 49 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 50 E2 E2 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 51 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 52 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 53 murine murine JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 54 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 55 : : : cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 56 Host host NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 57 dependent dependent JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 58 differences difference NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 59 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 60 proteolytic proteolytic JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 61 cleavage cleavage NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 62 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 63 cell cell NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 64 fusion fusion NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 404 65 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 405 1 1 1 LS cord-253024-b393ea2u 405 2 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 406 1 Viral Viral NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 406 2 Alteratlon Alteratlon NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 406 3 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 406 4 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 406 5 pH pH NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 406 6 dependence dependence NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 406 7 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 406 8 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 406 9 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 406 10 induced induce VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 406 11 cell cell NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 406 12 fusion fusion NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 406 13 : : : cord-253024-b393ea2u 407 1 Effect effect NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 407 2 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 407 3 mutations mutation NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 407 4 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 407 5 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 407 6 spike spike NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 407 7 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 407 8 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 408 1 1 1 LS cord-253024-b393ea2u 408 2 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 409 1 Viral Viral NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 409 2 Escherichia Escherichia NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 409 3 co co NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 409 4 / / SYM cord-253024-b393ea2u 409 5 i i PRP cord-253024-b393ea2u 409 6 mutator mutator NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 409 7 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 409 8 deficient deficient JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 409 9 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 409 10 methylation methylation NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 409 11 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 409 12 Instructed instruct VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 409 13 DNA dna NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 409 14 mismatch mismatch NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 409 15 correction correction NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 410 1 Western western JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 410 2 equine equine JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 410 3 encephalitis encephalitis NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 410 4 virus virus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 410 5 is be VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 410 6 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 410 7 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 410 8 virus virus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 410 9 Mapping Mapping NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 410 10 RNA rna NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 410 11 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 410 12 temperature temperature NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 410 13 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 410 14 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 410 15 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 410 16 slndbls slndbls JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 410 17 virus virus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 410 18 : : : cord-253024-b393ea2u 410 19 Complementation Complementation NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 410 20 group group NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 410 21 F F NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 410 22 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 410 23 have have VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 410 24 lesions lesion NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 410 25 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 410 26 NSP4 NSP4 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 410 27 Mapping Mapping NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 410 28 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 410 29 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 410 30 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 410 31 temperature temperature NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 410 32 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 410 33 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 410 34 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 410 35 Sindbis Sindbis NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 410 36 virus virus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 410 37 : : : cord-253024-b393ea2u 410 38 Assignment assignment NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 410 39 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 410 40 complementatlon complementatlon NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 410 41 groups group NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 410 42 A A NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 410 43 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 410 44 B b NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 410 45 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 410 46 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 410 47 G g NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 410 48 to to IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 410 49 nonstructural nonstructural JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 410 50 proteins protein NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 411 1 Defective defective JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 411 2 lnterfenng lnterfenng JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 411 3 rhabdoviruses rhabdovirus NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 411 4 Sequence Sequence NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 411 5 analysis analysis NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 411 6 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 411 7 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 411 8 parclne parclne JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 411 9 transmissible transmissible JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 411 10 gastroenteritis gastroenteritis NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 411 11 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 411 12 nucleocapsid nucleocapsid NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 411 13 protein protein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 411 14 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 411 15 Multiple multiple JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 411 16 recomblnatlon recomblnatlon NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 411 17 sites site NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 411 18 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 411 19 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 411 20 5 5 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 411 21 ' ' NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 411 22 end end NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 411 23 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 411 24 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 411 25 murine murine JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 411 26 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 411 27 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 412 1 In in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 412 2 viva viva NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 412 3 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 412 4 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 412 5 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 412 6 recomblnatlon recomblnatlon NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 412 7 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 412 8 coronavlrus coronavlrus NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 413 1 In in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 413 2 mouse mouse NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 413 3 brain brain NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 413 4 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 413 5 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 413 6 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 413 7 munne munne NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 413 8 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 413 9 : : : cord-253024-b393ea2u 413 10 Recomblnatlon Recomblnatlon NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 413 11 between between IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 413 12 fusion fusion NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 413 13 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 413 14 positive positive JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 413 15 mouse mouse NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 413 16 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 413 17 virus virus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 413 18 A59 A59 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 413 19 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 413 20 fusion fusion NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 413 21 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 413 22 negatjve negatjve JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 413 23 mouse mouse NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 413 24 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 413 25 virus virus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 413 26 2 2 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 413 27 Multiple multiple JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 413 28 sites site NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 413 29 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 413 30 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 413 31 within within IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 413 32 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 413 33 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 413 34 genome genome NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 413 35 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 413 36 foot foot NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 413 37 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 413 38 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 413 39 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 413 40 mouth mouth NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 413 41 disease disease NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 413 42 virus virus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 413 43 Genetic genetic JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 413 44 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 413 45 In in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 413 46 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 413 47 viruses virus NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 414 1 Preferred preferred JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 414 2 sites site NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 414 3 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 414 4 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 414 5 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 414 6 pollovirus pollovirus NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 414 7 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 414 8 : : : cord-253024-b393ea2u 415 1 An an DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 415 2 analysis analysis NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 415 3 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 415 4 40 40 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 415 5 intertypic intertypic NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 415 6 cross cross NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 415 7 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 415 8 over over RP cord-253024-b393ea2u 415 9 sequences sequence NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 416 1 The the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 416 2 mechanism mechanism NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 416 3 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 416 4 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 416 5 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 417 1 In in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 418 1 pollovirus pollovirus NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 418 2 Temperature temperature NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 418 3 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 418 4 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 418 5 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 418 6 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 418 7 mouse mouse NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 418 8 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 418 9 virus virus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 418 10 strain strain VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 418 11 A59 A59 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 418 12 : : : cord-253024-b393ea2u 419 1 Isolation isolation NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 419 2 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 419 3 characterlzatlon characterlzatlon NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 419 4 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 419 5 neuropathogenlc neuropathogenlc NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 419 6 properties property NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 419 7 Coronavlrus Coronavlrus NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 419 8 : : : cord-253024-b393ea2u 419 9 Organization organization NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 419 10 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 419 11 replication replication NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 419 12 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 419 13 expression expression NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 419 14 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 419 15 genome genome NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 419 16 Recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 419 17 between between IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 419 18 nonsegmented nonsegmented JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 419 19 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 419 20 genomes genome NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 419 21 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 419 22 murine murine JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 419 23 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 420 1 A a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 420 2 genetic genetic JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 420 3 recomblnatlon recomblnatlon NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 420 4 map map NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 420 5 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 420 6 foot foot NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 420 7 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 420 8 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 420 9 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 420 10 mouth mouth NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 420 11 disease disease NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 420 12 virus virus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 420 13 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 421 1 I. I. NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 421 2 Gem Gem NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 421 3 Viral Viral NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 421 4 Locallzatlon Locallzatlon NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 421 5 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 421 6 extensive extensive JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 421 7 deletions deletion NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 421 8 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 421 9 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 421 10 structural structural JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 421 11 genes gene NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 421 12 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 421 13 two two CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 421 14 neurotroplc neurotroplc NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 421 15 variants variant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 421 16 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 421 17 murine murine JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 421 18 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 421 19 JHM JHM NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 422 1 The the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 422 2 complete complete JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 422 3 sequence sequence NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 422 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 422 5 22 22 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 422 6 kilobases kilobase NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 422 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 422 8 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 422 9 murine murine JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 422 10 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 422 11 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 422 12 1 1 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 422 13 encoding encode VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 422 14 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 422 15 putative putative JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 422 16 proteases protease NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 422 17 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 422 18 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 422 19 polymerase polymerase NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 422 20 Genetic genetic JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 422 21 analysis analysis NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 422 22 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 422 23 munne munne NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 422 24 hepatltls hepatltls NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 422 25 virus virus NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 422 26 strain strain VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 422 27 JHM JHM NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 422 28 Primary primary JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 422 29 structure structure NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 422 30 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 422 31 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 422 32 glycoproteln glycoproteln NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 422 33 E2 E2 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 422 34 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 422 35 coronavlrus coronavlrus NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 422 36 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 422 37 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 422 38 A59 A59 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 422 39 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 422 40 ldentlfication ldentlfication NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 422 41 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 422 42 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 422 43 trypsln trypsln NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 422 44 cleavage cleavage NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 422 45 site site NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 422 46 Sequence sequence NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 422 47 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 422 48 mouse mouse NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 422 49 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 422 50 virus virus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 422 51 A59 A59 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 422 52 mRNA2 mrna2 NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 422 53 : : : cord-253024-b393ea2u 423 1 Indications indication NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 423 2 for for IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 423 3 RNA rna NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 423 4 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 423 5 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 423 6 between between IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 423 7 coronavlruses coronavlruse NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 423 8 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 423 9 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 423 10 C C NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 423 11 virus virus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 423 12 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 423 13 dependent dependent JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 423 14 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 423 15 polymerase polymerase NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 423 16 activity activity NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 423 17 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 423 18 munne munne NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 423 19 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 423 20 infected infect VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 423 21 cells cell NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 423 22 Leader leader NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 423 23 sequences sequence NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 423 24 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 423 25 murine murine JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 423 26 coronavlrus coronavlrus NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 423 27 mRNAs mrnas WDT cord-253024-b393ea2u 423 28 can can MD cord-253024-b393ea2u 423 29 be be VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 423 30 freely freely RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 423 31 reassorted reassorte VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 423 32 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 424 1 Evidence evidence NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 424 2 for for IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 424 3 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 424 4 role role NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 424 5 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 424 6 free free JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 424 7 leader leader NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 424 8 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 424 9 In in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 424 10 transcription transcription NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 424 11 High high JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 424 12 frequency frequency NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 424 13 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 424 14 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 424 15 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 424 16 munne munne NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 424 17 coronaviruses coronaviruses NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 424 18 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 424 19 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 424 20 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 424 21 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 424 22 ; ; : cord-253024-b393ea2u 424 23 localization localization NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 424 24 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 424 25 neutralizing neutralize VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 424 26 epitopes epitope NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 424 27 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 424 28 neuropathogenlc neuropathogenlc RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 424 29 determinants determinant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 424 30 on on IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 424 31 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 424 32 carboxy carboxy JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 424 33 terminus terminus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 424 34 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 424 35 peplomers peplomers NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 424 36 Prlmary Prlmary NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 424 37 structure structure NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 424 38 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 424 39 translation translation NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 424 40 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 424 41 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 424 42 defective defective JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 424 43 Interfering Interfering NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 424 44 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 424 45 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 424 46 murlne murlne NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 424 47 coronavtrus coronavtrus NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 424 48 High High NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 424 49 frequency frequency NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 424 50 leader leader NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 424 51 sequence sequence NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 424 52 switching switch VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 424 53 during during IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 424 54 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 424 55 defective defective JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 424 56 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 424 57 replication replication NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 424 58 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 425 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-253024-b393ea2u 426 1 Viroi Viroi NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 426 2 A a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 426 3 system system NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 426 4 for for IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 426 5 study study NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 426 6 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 426 7 coronavlrus coronavlrus NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 426 8 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 426 9 synthesis synthesis NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 427 1 : : : cord-253024-b393ea2u 427 2 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 427 3 regulated regulate VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 427 4 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 427 5 expressed express VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 427 6 subgenomlc subgenomlc NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 427 7 defective defective JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 427 8 interfering interfere VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 427 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 427 10 results result NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 427 11 from from IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 427 12 lntergenlc lntergenlc NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 427 13 Insertion Insertion NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 427 14 Temperature Temperature NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 427 15 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 427 16 mutants mutant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 427 17 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 427 18 mouse mouse NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 427 19 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 427 20 virus virus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 427 21 type type NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 427 22 3(MHV-3 3(mhv-3 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 427 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 1 : : : cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 2 Isolation isolation NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 3 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 4 biochemical biochemical JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 5 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 6 genetic genetic JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 7 characterization characterization NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 8 RNAs rna NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 9 from from IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 10 two two CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 11 Independently independently RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 12 Isolated isolate VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 13 defective defective JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 14 interfering interfere VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 15 parttcles parttcle NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 16 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 17 Sinbdis Sinbdis NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 18 virus virus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 19 contain contain VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 20 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 21 cellular cellular JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 22 RNA rna NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 23 sequence sequence NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 24 at at IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 25 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 26 5'ends 5'ends CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 27 Molecular molecular JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 28 cloning cloning NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 29 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 30 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 31 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 32 encodlng encodlng NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 33 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 34 putative putative JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 35 polymerase polymerase NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 36 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 37 mouse mouse NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 38 hepatltls hepatltls NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 39 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 40 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 41 strain strain VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 42 A59 A59 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 43 Sequence Sequence NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 44 analysis analysis NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 45 reveals reveal VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 46 extensive extensive JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 47 polymorphism polymorphism NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 48 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 49 evidence evidence NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 50 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 51 deletions deletion NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 52 wlthin wlthin NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 53 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 54 E2 E2 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 55 glycoprotetn glycoprotetn NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 56 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 57 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 58 several several JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 59 strains strain NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 60 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 61 munne munne NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 62 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 63 virus virus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 64 Mroiogy Mroiogy NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 65 Porcine porcine JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 66 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 67 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 68 differs differ VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 69 from from IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 70 transmissible transmissible JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 71 gastroenteritis gastroenteritis NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 72 virus virus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 73 by by IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 74 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 75 few few JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 76 genomic genomic JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 77 deletions deletion NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 78 Analysis Analysis NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 79 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 80 murine murine JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 81 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 82 surface surface NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 83 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 84 functions function NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 85 by by IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 86 using use VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 87 monoclonal monoclonal JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 88 antibodies antibody NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 428 89 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 429 1 1 1 LS cord-253024-b393ea2u 429 2 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 430 1 Viral Viral NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 430 2 Poliovirus Poliovirus NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 430 3 genetics genetics NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 430 4 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 430 5 transcription transcription NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 430 6 : : : cord-253024-b393ea2u 431 1 subgenomic subgenomic NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 431 2 mouse mouse NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 431 3 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 431 4 virus virus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 431 5 replicative replicative JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 431 6 intermediates intermediate NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 431 7 function function VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 431 8 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 431 9 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 431 10 synthesis synthesis NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 431 11 Genetics genetic NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 431 12 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 431 13 murine murine JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 431 14 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 431 15 transcription transcription NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 431 16 : : : cord-253024-b393ea2u 431 17 Identification identification NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 431 18 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 431 19 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 431 20 cistron cistron NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 431 21 required require VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 431 22 for for IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 431 23 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 431 24 negative negative JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 431 25 strand strand NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 431 26 synthesis synthesis NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 431 27 Nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 431 28 sequence sequence NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 431 29 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 431 30 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 431 31 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 431 32 encoding encode VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 431 33 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 431 34 surface surface NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 431 35 projection projection NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 431 36 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 431 37 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 432 1 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 432 2 MHV MHV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 432 3 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 432 4 JHM JHM NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 432 5 Murine Murine NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 433 1 coronavirus coronavirus NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 433 2 nonstructural nonstructural JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 433 3 protein protein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 433 4 ns2 ns2 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 433 5 is be VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 433 6 not not RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 433 7 essential essential JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 433 8 forvirus forvirus JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 433 9 replication replication NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 433 10 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 433 11 transformed transform VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 433 12 cells cell NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 434 1 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 434 2 subgenomic subgenomic JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 434 3 minus minus JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 434 4 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 434 5 strand strand NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 434 6 RNAs rna NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 434 7 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 434 8 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 434 9 potential potential NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 434 10 for for IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 434 11 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 434 12 replicons replicons NNPS cord-253024-b393ea2u 434 13 Minus Minus NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 434 14 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 434 15 strand strand NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 434 16 copies copy NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 434 17 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 434 18 replicating replicate VBG cord-253024-b393ea2u 434 19 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 435 1 mRNAs mrnas LS cord-253024-b393ea2u 435 2 contain contain VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 435 3 antileaders antileader NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 435 4 Identification Identification NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 435 5 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 435 6 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 435 7 new new JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 435 8 transcriptional transcriptional JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 435 9 initiation initiation NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 435 10 site site NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 435 11 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 435 12 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 435 13 corresponding corresponding JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 435 14 functional functional JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 435 15 gene gene NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 435 16 2b 2b CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 435 17 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 435 18 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 435 19 murine murine JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 435 20 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 435 21 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 435 22 genome genome NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 435 23 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 435 24 JHM JHM NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 435 25 : : : cord-253024-b393ea2u 436 1 Coding coding NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 436 2 assignments assignment NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 436 3 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 436 4 subgenomic subgenomic NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 437 1 mRNAs mRNAs . cord-253024-b393ea2u 438 1 Comparison comparison NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 438 2 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 438 3 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 438 4 genome genome NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 438 5 organization organization NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 438 6 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 438 7 Toro Toro NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 438 8 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 438 9 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 438 10 Coronaviruses Coronaviruses NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 438 11 : : : cord-253024-b393ea2u 439 1 Evidence evidence NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 439 2 for for IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 439 3 two two CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 439 4 nonhomologous nonhomologous NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 439 5 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 439 6 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 439 7 events event NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 439 8 during during IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 439 9 Berne Berne NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 439 10 virus virus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 439 11 Evolution evolution NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 439 12 Sequence sequence NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 439 13 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 439 14 translation translation NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 439 15 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 439 16 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 439 17 murine murine JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 439 18 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 439 19 5'.end 5'.end CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 439 20 genomic genomic JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 439 21 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 439 22 reveals reveal VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 439 23 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 439 24 N n CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 439 25 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 439 26 terminal terminal JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 439 27 structure structure NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 439 28 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 439 29 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 439 30 putative putative JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 439 31 polymerase polymerase NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 439 32 Specific specific JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 439 33 interaction interaction NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 439 34 between between IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 439 35 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 439 36 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 439 37 leader leader NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 439 38 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 439 39 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 439 40 nucleocapsid nucleocapsid NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 439 41 protein protein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 439 42 Phosphoproteins Phosphoproteins NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 439 43 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 439 44 murine murine JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 439 45 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 439 46 virus virus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 439 47 Isolation isolation NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 439 48 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 439 49 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 439 50 envelope envelope NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 439 51 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 439 52 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 439 53 interaction interaction NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 439 54 with with IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 439 55 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 439 56 viral viral JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 439 57 nucleocapsid nucleocapsid NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 439 58 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 440 1 1 1 LS cord-253024-b393ea2u 440 2 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 441 1 Viral Viral NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 441 2 The the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 441 3 novel novel JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 441 4 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 441 5 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 441 6 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 441 7 Proteolytic proteolytic JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 441 8 cleavage cleavage NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 441 9 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 441 10 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 441 11 E2 E2 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 441 12 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 441 13 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 441 14 murine murine JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 441 15 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 441 16 : : : cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 1 Activation activation NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 2 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 3 cell cell NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 4 fusing fusing NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 5 activity activity NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 6 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 7 virions virion NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 8 by by IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 9 trypsin trypsin NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 10 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 11 separation separation NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 12 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 13 two two CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 14 different different JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 15 90 90 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 16 K k NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 17 cleavage cleavage NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 18 fragments fragment NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 19 Characterization characterization NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 20 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 21 JHMV JHMV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 22 variants variant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 23 isolated isolate VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 24 from from IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 25 rat rat NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 26 brain brain NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 27 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 28 cultured cultured JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 29 neural neural JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 30 cells cell NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 31 after after IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 32 wild wild JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 33 type type NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 34 JHMV JHMV NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 35 infection infection NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 36 Studies Studies NNPS cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 37 on on IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 38 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 39 recombination recombination NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 40 between between IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 41 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 42 genomes genome NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 43 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 44 poliovirus poliovirus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 45 : : : cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 46 The the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 47 primary primary JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 48 structure structure NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 49 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 50 nonrandom nonrandom JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 51 distribution distribution NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 52 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 53 crossover crossover NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 54 regions region NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 55 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 56 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 57 genomes genome NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 58 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 59 intertypic intertypic JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 60 poliovirus poliovirus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 61 recombinants recombinant NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 62 Monoclonal monoclonal JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 63 antibodies antibody NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 64 to to IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 65 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 66 peplomer peplomer JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 67 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 68 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 69 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 70 mouse mouse NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 71 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 72 virus virus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 73 identify identify VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 74 two two CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 75 subunits subunit NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 76 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 77 detect detect VB cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 78 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 79 conformational conformational JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 80 change change NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 81 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 82 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 83 subunit subunit NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 84 released release VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 85 under under IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 86 mild mild JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 87 alkaline alkaline JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 88 conditions condition NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 89 Recombination Recombination NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 90 between between IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 91 sindbis sindbis NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 92 virus virus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 93 RNAs RNAs NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 94 Biosynthesis Biosynthesis NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 95 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 96 structure structure NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 97 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 98 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 99 biological biological JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 100 activities activity NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 101 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 102 envelope envelope NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 103 protein protein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 104 gp65 gp65 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 105 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 106 murine murine JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 107 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 108 Mouse Mouse NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 109 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 110 virus virus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 111 S S NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 112 RNA RNA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 113 sequence sequence NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 114 revealed reveal VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 115 that that IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 116 nonstructural nonstructural JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 117 proteins protein NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 118 ns4 ns4 JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 119 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 120 ns5a ns5a NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 121 are be VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 122 not not RB cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 123 essential essential JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 124 for for IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 125 murine murine JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 126 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 127 replication replication NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 442 128 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 443 1 1 1 LS cord-253024-b393ea2u 443 2 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 444 1 Viral Viral NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 444 2 The the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 444 3 S2 S2 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 444 4 subunit subunit NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 444 5 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 444 6 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 444 7 spike spike NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 444 8 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 444 9 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 444 10 bovine bovine JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 444 11 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 444 12 mediates mediate VBZ cord-253024-b393ea2u 444 13 membrane membrane NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 444 14 fusion fusion NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 444 15 in in IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 444 16 insect insect NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 444 17 cells cell NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 445 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-253024-b393ea2u 445 2 thank thank VBP cord-253024-b393ea2u 445 3 Sheila Sheila NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 445 4 Peel Peel NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 445 5 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 445 6 Lorraine Lorraine NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 445 7 Alexander Alexander NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 445 8 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 445 9 Mary Mary NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 445 10 Schaad Schaad NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 445 11 for for IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 445 12 helpful helpful JJ cord-253024-b393ea2u 445 13 comments comment NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 445 14 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 445 15 criticisms criticism NNS cord-253024-b393ea2u 445 16 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 446 1 This this DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 446 2 work work NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 446 3 was be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 446 4 supported support VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 446 5 by by IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 446 6 American American NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 446 7 Heart Heart NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 446 8 Association Association NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 446 9 Grant Grant NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 446 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 446 11 AHA AHA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 446 12 87-l 87-l CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 446 13 135 135 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 446 14 , , , cord-253024-b393ea2u 446 15 AHA AHA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 446 16 90 90 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 446 17 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 446 18 4635 4635 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 446 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 446 20 and and CC cord-253024-b393ea2u 446 21 a a DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 446 22 grant grant NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 446 23 from from IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 446 24 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 446 25 National National NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 446 26 Institutes Institutes NNPS cord-253024-b393ea2u 446 27 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 446 28 Health Health NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 446 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 446 30 A123946 A123946 NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 446 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 446 32 . . . cord-253024-b393ea2u 447 1 This this DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 447 2 work work NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 447 3 was be VBD cord-253024-b393ea2u 447 4 done do VBN cord-253024-b393ea2u 447 5 during during IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 447 6 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 447 7 tenure tenure NN cord-253024-b393ea2u 447 8 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 447 9 an an DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 447 10 Established Established NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 447 11 Investigator Investigator NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 447 12 of of IN cord-253024-b393ea2u 447 13 the the DT cord-253024-b393ea2u 447 14 American American NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 447 15 Heart Heart NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 447 16 Association Association NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 447 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 447 18 AHA AHA NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 447 19 89 89 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 447 20 - - HYPH cord-253024-b393ea2u 447 21 0913 0913 CD cord-253024-b393ea2u 447 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 448 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 448 2 R.S.B. R.S.B. NNP cord-253024-b393ea2u 448 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-253024-b393ea2u 448 4 . . .