id sid tid token lemma pos cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 1 1 key key JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 2 1 : : : cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 2 2 cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 2 3 authors author NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 2 4 : : : cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 2 5 Narkpuk Narkpuk NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 2 6 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 2 7 Jaraspim Jaraspim NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 2 8 ; ; : cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 2 9 Jongkaewwattana Jongkaewwattana NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 2 10 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 2 11 Anan Anan NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 2 12 ; ; : cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 3 1 Teeravechyan Teeravechyan NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 3 2 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 3 3 Samaporn Samaporn NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 3 4 title title NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 3 5 : : : cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 4 1 The the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 4 2 avian avian JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 4 3 influenza influenza NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 4 4 virus virus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 4 5 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 4 6 segment segment NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 4 7 mediates mediate VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 4 8 strain strain NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 4 9 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 4 10 specific specific JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 4 11 antagonism antagonism NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 4 12 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 4 13 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 4 14 / / SYM cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 4 15 tetherin tetherin NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 4 16 date date NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 4 17 : : : cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 4 18 2018 2018 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 4 19 - - SYM cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 4 20 10 10 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 4 21 - - SYM cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 4 22 02 02 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 4 23 journal journal NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 4 24 : : : cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 5 1 Virology virology NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 5 2 DOI DOI NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 5 3 : : : cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 5 4 10.1016 10.1016 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 5 5 / / SYM cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 5 6 j.virol.2018.09.016 j.virol.2018.09.016 . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 6 1 sha sha NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 6 2 : : : cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 7 1 97b89d0f8e8cf07adca4b94a09e9cfbe3c9e643f 97b89d0f8e8cf07adca4b94a09e9cfbe3c9e643f CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 7 2 doc_id doc_id CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 7 3 : : : cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 7 4 280957 280957 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 7 5 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 7 6 : : : cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 8 1 cdd6ngf1 cdd6ngf1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 8 2 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 8 3 is be VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 8 4 an an DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 8 5 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 8 6 protein protein NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 8 7 described describe VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 8 8 as as IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 8 9 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 8 10 powerful powerful JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 8 11 cross cross JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 8 12 - - JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 8 13 species species JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 8 14 transmission transmission NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 8 15 barrier barrier NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 8 16 for for IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 8 17 simian simian JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 8 18 immunodeficiency immunodeficiency NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 8 19 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 8 20 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 9 1 Influenza influenza NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 9 2 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 9 3 appear appear VBP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 9 4 to to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 9 5 interact interact VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 9 6 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 9 7 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 9 8 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 9 9 raising raise VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 9 10 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 9 11 possibility possibility NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 9 12 that that IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 9 13 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 9 14 may may MD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 9 15 be be VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 9 16 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 9 17 barrier barrier NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 9 18 for for IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 9 19 cross cross JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 9 20 - - JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 9 21 species species JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 9 22 transmission transmission NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 9 23 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 10 1 An an DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 10 2 MDCK MDCK NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 10 3 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 10 4 based base VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 10 5 cell cell NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 10 6 line line NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 10 7 expressing express VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 10 8 human human NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 10 9 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 10 10 was be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 10 11 generated generate VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 10 12 to to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 10 13 study study VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 10 14 human human NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 10 15 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 10 16 derived derive VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 10 17 A A NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 10 18 / / SYM cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 10 19 Puerto Puerto NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 10 20 Rico/8/36 Rico/8/36 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 10 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 10 22 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 10 23 ; ; : cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 10 24 PR8 PR8 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 10 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 10 26 as as RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 10 27 well well RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 10 28 as as IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 10 29 two two CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 10 30 low low JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 10 31 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 10 32 avian avian JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 10 33 influenza influenza NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 10 34 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 10 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 10 36 subtypes subtype NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 10 37 H4N6 H4N6 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 10 38 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 10 39 H6N1 H6N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 10 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 10 41 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 11 1 The the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 11 2 H4N6 H4N6 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 11 3 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 11 4 H6N1 H6N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 11 5 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 11 6 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 11 7 less less RBR cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 11 8 affected affect VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 11 9 by by IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 11 10 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 11 11 expression expression NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 11 12 than than IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 11 13 PR8 PR8 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 11 14 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 11 15 due due IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 11 16 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 11 17 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 11 18 ability ability NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 11 19 to to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 11 20 decrease decrease VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 11 21 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 11 22 levels level NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 11 23 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 11 24 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 11 25 function function NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 11 26 localized localize VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 11 27 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 11 28 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 11 29 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 11 30 segment segment NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 11 31 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 11 32 both both DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 11 33 avian avian JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 11 34 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 11 35 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 12 1 Experiments experiment NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 12 2 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 12 3 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 12 4 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 12 5 mutant mutant JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 12 6 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 12 7 -chimeric -chimeric JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 12 8 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 12 9 confirmed confirm VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 12 10 that that IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 12 11 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 12 12 avian avian JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 12 13 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 12 14 segment segment NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 12 15 conferred confer VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 12 16 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 12 17 downregulation downregulation NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 12 18 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 12 19 antagonism antagonism NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 12 20 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 13 1 These these DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 13 2 results result NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 13 3 indicate indicate VBP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 13 4 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 13 5 species species NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 13 6 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 13 7 specific specific JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 13 8 ability ability NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 13 9 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 13 10 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 13 11 from from IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 13 12 low low JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 13 13 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 13 14 avian avian JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 13 15 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 13 16 to to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 13 17 mitigate mitigate VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 13 18 human human JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 13 19 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 13 20 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 13 21 activity activity NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 13 22 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 13 23 suggesting suggest VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 13 24 that that IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 13 25 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 13 26 is be VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 13 27 unlikely unlikely JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 13 28 to to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 13 29 be be VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 13 30 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 13 31 general general JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 13 32 cross cross NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 13 33 - - JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 13 34 species species JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 13 35 barrier barrier NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 13 36 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 13 37 transmission transmission NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 13 38 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 13 39 such such JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 13 40 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 13 41 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 13 42 humans human NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 13 43 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 14 1 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 15 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 15 2 bone bone NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 15 3 marrow marrow NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 15 4 stromal stromal NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 15 5 cell cell NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 15 6 antigen antigen NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 15 7 2 2 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 15 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 15 9 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 15 10 also also RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 15 11 known know VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 15 12 as as IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 15 13 tetherin tetherin NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 15 14 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 15 15 CD317 CD317 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 15 16 or or CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 15 17 HM1.24 HM1.24 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 15 18 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 15 19 is be VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 15 20 an an DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 15 21 interferon interferon NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 15 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 15 23 IFN)-induced ifn)-induce VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 15 24 cellular cellular JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 15 25 protein protein NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 15 26 that that WDT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 15 27 was be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 15 28 initially initially RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 15 29 described describe VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 15 30 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 15 31 2008 2008 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 15 32 as as IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 15 33 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 15 34 restriction restriction NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 15 35 factor factor NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 15 36 for for IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 15 37 human human JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 15 38 immunodeficiency immunodeficiency NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 15 39 virus virus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 15 40 type type NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 15 41 1 1 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 15 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 15 43 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 15 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 16 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 16 2 Neil Neil NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 16 3 et et NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 16 4 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 16 5 . . NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 16 6 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 16 7 2008 2008 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 16 8 ; ; : cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 16 9 Van Van NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 16 10 Damme Damme NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 16 11 et et NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 16 12 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 16 13 . . NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 16 14 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 16 15 2008 2008 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 16 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 16 17 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 17 1 While while IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 17 2 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 17 3 has have VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 17 4 been be VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 17 5 almost almost RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 17 6 exclusively exclusively RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 17 7 studied study VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 17 8 as as IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 17 9 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 17 10 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 17 11 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 17 12 protein protein NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 17 13 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 17 14 an an DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 17 15 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 17 16 silico silico NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 17 17 study study NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 17 18 identified identify VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 17 19 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 17 20 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 17 21 ortholog ortholog NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 17 22 as as RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 17 23 far far RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 17 24 back back RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 17 25 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 17 26 vertebrate vertebrate JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 17 27 evolution evolution NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 17 28 as as IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 17 29 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 17 30 elephant elephant NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 17 31 shark shark NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 17 32 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 17 33 dating date VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 17 34 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 17 35 appearance appearance NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 17 36 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 17 37 this this DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 17 38 gene gene NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 17 39 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 17 40 over over IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 17 41 450 450 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 17 42 million million CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 17 43 years year NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 17 44 ago ago RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 18 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 18 2 Heusinger Heusinger NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 18 3 et et NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 18 4 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 18 5 . . NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 18 6 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 18 7 2015 2015 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 18 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 18 9 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 19 1 Other other JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 19 2 than than IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 19 3 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 19 4 fish fish NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 19 5 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 19 6 this this DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 19 7 study study NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 19 8 also also RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 19 9 identified identify VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 19 10 orthologs ortholog NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 19 11 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 19 12 marsupials marsupial NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 19 13 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 19 14 reptiles reptile NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 19 15 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 19 16 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 19 17 birds bird NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 19 18 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 19 19 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 19 20 alligator alligator NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 19 21 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 19 22 being be VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 19 23 tested test VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 19 24 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 19 25 found find VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 19 26 to to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 19 27 possess possess VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 19 28 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 19 29 function function NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 19 30 against against IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 19 31 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 19 32 release release NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 19 33 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 20 1 Among among IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 20 2 birds bird NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 20 3 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 20 4 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 20 5 was be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 20 6 found find VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 20 7 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 20 8 turkeys turkey NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 20 9 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 20 10 chickens chicken NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 20 11 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 20 12 but but CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 20 13 appears appear VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 20 14 to to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 20 15 have have VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 20 16 been be VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 20 17 lost lose VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 20 18 through through IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 20 19 gene gene NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 20 20 erosion erosion NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 20 21 among among IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 20 22 many many JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 20 23 bird bird NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 20 24 species specie NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 20 25 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 21 1 As as IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 21 2 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 21 3 type type NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 21 4 II II NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 21 5 membrane membrane NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 21 6 protein protein NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 21 7 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 21 8 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 21 9 possesses possess VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 21 10 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 21 11 C c NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 21 12 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 21 13 terminal terminal NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 21 14 GPI GPI NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 21 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 21 16 glycophosphatidylinositol glycophosphatidylinositol NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 21 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 21 18 modification modification NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 21 19 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 21 20 an an DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 21 21 N n CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 21 22 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 21 23 terminal terminal JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 21 24 transmembrane transmembrane NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 21 25 domain domain NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 21 26 flanking flank VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 21 27 an an DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 21 28 extracellular extracellular JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 21 29 coiled coiled JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 21 30 coil coil NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 21 31 central central JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 21 32 region region NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 21 33 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 21 34 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 21 35 is be VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 21 36 present present JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 21 37 on on IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 21 38 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 21 39 cell cell NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 21 40 surface surface NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 21 41 as as IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 21 42 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 21 43 homodimer homodimer NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 21 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 21 45 Kupzig Kupzig NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 21 46 et et NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 21 47 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 21 48 . . NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 21 49 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 21 50 2003 2003 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 21 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 21 52 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 22 1 The the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 22 2 resulting result VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 22 3 four four CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 22 4 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 22 5 membrane membrane NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 22 6 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 22 7 anchor anchor NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 22 8 conformation conformation NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 22 9 is be VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 22 10 considered consider VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 22 11 central central JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 22 12 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 22 13 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 22 14 ability ability NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 22 15 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 22 16 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 22 17 to to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 22 18 restrict restrict VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 22 19 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 22 20 virion virion NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 22 21 release release NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 22 22 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 22 23 where where WRB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 22 24 it -PRON- PRP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 22 25 acts act VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 22 26 as as IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 22 27 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 22 28 " " `` cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 22 29 tether tether NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 22 30 " " '' cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 22 31 linking link VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 22 32 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 22 33 membranes membrane NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 22 34 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 22 35 budded bud VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 22 36 virions virion NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 22 37 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 22 38 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 22 39 host host NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 22 40 cell cell NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 22 41 membrane membrane NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 22 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 22 43 Perez Perez NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 22 44 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 22 45 Caballero Caballero NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 22 46 et et NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 22 47 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 22 48 . . NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 22 49 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 22 50 2009 2009 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 22 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 22 52 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 23 1 As as IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 23 2 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 23 3 acts act VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 23 4 directly directly RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 23 5 upon upon IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 23 6 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 23 7 host host NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 23 8 cell cell NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 23 9 membrane membrane NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 23 10 rather rather RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 23 11 than than IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 23 12 viral viral JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 23 13 components component NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 23 14 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 23 15 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 23 16 does do VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 23 17 not not RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 23 18 target target VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 23 19 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 23 20 specific specific JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 23 21 virus virus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 23 22 but but CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 23 23 rather rather RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 23 24 has have VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 23 25 been be VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 23 26 found find VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 23 27 capable capable JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 23 28 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 23 29 restricting restrict VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 23 30 virion virion NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 23 31 release release NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 23 32 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 23 33 spread spread VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 23 34 for for IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 23 35 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 23 36 range range NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 23 37 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 23 38 enveloped envelop VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 23 39 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 23 40 beyond beyond IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 23 41 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 23 42 retroviruses retrovirus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 23 43 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 23 44 such such JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 23 45 as as IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 23 46 filoviruses filovirus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 23 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 23 48 Jouvenet Jouvenet NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 23 49 et et NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 23 50 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 23 51 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 24 1 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 24 2 2009 2009 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 24 3 ; ; : cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 24 4 Kaletsky Kaletsky NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 24 5 et et NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 24 6 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 24 7 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 25 1 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 25 2 2009 2009 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 25 3 ; ; : cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 25 4 Sakuma Sakuma NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 25 5 et et FW cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 25 6 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 25 7 . . NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 25 8 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 25 9 2009 2009 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 25 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 25 11 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 25 12 arenaviruses arenaviruses FW cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 25 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 25 14 Radoshitzky Radoshitzky NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 25 15 et et NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 25 16 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 25 17 . . NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 25 18 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 25 19 2010 2010 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 25 20 ; ; . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 26 1 Sakuma Sakuma NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 26 2 et et NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 26 3 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 26 4 . . NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 26 5 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 26 6 2009 2009 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 26 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 26 8 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 26 9 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 26 10 various various JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 26 11 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 27 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 27 2 Taylor Taylor NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 27 3 et et NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 27 4 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 27 5 . . NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 27 6 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 27 7 2015 2015 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 27 8 ; ; : cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 27 9 Wang Wang NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 27 10 et et NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 27 11 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 27 12 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 28 1 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 28 2 2014 2014 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 28 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 28 4 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 29 1 Many many JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 29 2 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 29 3 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 29 4 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 29 5 described describe VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 29 6 to to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 29 7 be be VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 29 8 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 29 9 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 29 10 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 29 11 restriction restriction NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 29 12 are be VBP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 29 13 zoonotic zoonotic JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 29 14 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 30 1 Most most RBS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 30 2 notably notably RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 30 3 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 30 4 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 30 5 has have VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 30 6 been be VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 30 7 described describe VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 30 8 as as IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 30 9 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 30 10 cross cross JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 30 11 - - JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 30 12 species species JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 30 13 transmission transmission NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 30 14 barrier barrier NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 30 15 that that WDT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 30 16 shaped shape VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 30 17 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 30 18 evolution evolution NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 30 19 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 30 20 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 30 21 simian simian JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 30 22 immunodeficiency immunodeficiency NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 30 23 virus virus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 30 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 30 25 SIV SIV NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 30 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 30 27 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 30 28 HIV HIV NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 30 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 30 30 Evans Evans NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 30 31 et et NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 30 32 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 30 33 . . NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 30 34 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 30 35 2010 2010 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 30 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 30 37 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 31 1 A a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 31 2 recent recent JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 31 3 publication publication NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 31 4 also also RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 31 5 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 31 6 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 31 7 possible possible JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 31 8 role role NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 31 9 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 31 10 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 31 11 as as IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 31 12 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 31 13 crossspecies crossspecie NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 31 14 transmission transmission NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 31 15 barrier barrier NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 31 16 for for IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 31 17 various various JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 31 18 orthobunyaviruses orthobunyaviruse NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 31 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 31 20 Varela Varela NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 31 21 2017 2017 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 31 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 31 23 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 31 24 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 31 25 human human JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 31 26 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 31 27 being be VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 31 28 restricted restrict VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 31 29 by by IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 31 30 sheep sheep NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 31 31 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 31 32 but but CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 31 33 not not RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 31 34 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 31 35 human human JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 31 36 ortholog ortholog NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 31 37 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 31 38 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 31 39 vice vice NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 31 40 versa versa RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 31 41 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 32 1 Also also RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 32 2 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 32 3 equine equine NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 32 4 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 32 5 was be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 32 6 observed observe VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 32 7 to to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 32 8 restrict restrict VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 32 9 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 32 10 growth growth NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 32 11 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 32 12 both both CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 32 13 equine equine JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 32 14 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 32 15 human human JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 32 16 influenza influenza NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 32 17 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 32 18 more more RBR cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 32 19 effectively effectively RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 32 20 than than IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 32 21 human human NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 32 22 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 33 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 33 2 Wang Wang NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 33 3 et et NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 33 4 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 33 5 . . NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 33 6 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 33 7 2018 2018 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 33 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 33 9 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 34 1 Early early JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 34 2 reports report NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 34 3 examining examine VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 34 4 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 34 5 interplay interplay NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 34 6 between between IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 34 7 influenza influenza NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 34 8 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 34 9 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 34 10 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 34 11 suggested suggest VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 34 12 that that IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 34 13 virus virus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 34 14 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 34 15 like like JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 34 16 particles particle NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 34 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 34 18 VLPs vlp NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 34 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 34 20 but but CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 34 21 not not RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 34 22 wild wild JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 34 23 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 34 24 type type NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 34 25 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 34 26 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 34 27 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 34 28 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 34 29 human human NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 34 30 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 34 31 restriction restriction NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 35 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 35 2 Watanabe Watanabe NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 35 3 et et NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 35 4 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 35 5 . . NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 35 6 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 35 7 2011 2011 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 36 1 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 36 2 Bruce Bruce NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 36 3 et et NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 36 4 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 36 5 . . NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 36 6 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 36 7 2012 2012 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 36 8 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 37 1 These these DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 37 2 observations observation NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 37 3 lent lend VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 37 4 credence credence NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 37 5 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 37 6 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 37 7 possibility possibility NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 37 8 that that IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 37 9 influenza influenza NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 37 10 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 37 11 universally universally RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 37 12 encode encode VBP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 37 13 an an DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 37 14 antagonist antagonist NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 37 15 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 37 16 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 37 17 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 38 1 Contradictory contradictory JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 38 2 reports report NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 38 3 soon soon RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 38 4 emerged emerge VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 38 5 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 38 6 however however RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 38 7 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 38 8 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 38 9 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 38 10 inherently inherently RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 38 11 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 38 12 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 38 13 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 38 14 restriction restriction NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 38 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 38 16 Gnirss Gnirss NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 38 17 et et FW cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 38 18 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 38 19 . . NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 38 20 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 38 21 2015 2015 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 38 22 ; ; : cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 38 23 Hu Hu NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 38 24 et et FW cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 38 25 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 38 26 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 39 1 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 39 2 2017 2017 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 39 3 ; ; : cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 39 4 Mangeat Mangeat NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 39 5 et et NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 39 6 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 39 7 . . NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 39 8 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 39 9 2012 2012 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 39 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 39 11 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 40 1 Differential differential JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 40 2 abilities ability NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 40 3 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 40 4 various various JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 40 5 influenza influenza NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 40 6 virus virus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 40 7 neuraminidases neuraminidases NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 40 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 40 9 NA NA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 40 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 40 11 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 40 12 circumventing circumvent VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 40 13 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 40 14 activity activity NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 40 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 40 16 Leyva Leyva NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 40 17 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 40 18 Grado Grado NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 40 19 et et FW cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 40 20 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 40 21 . . NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 40 22 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 40 23 2014 2014 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 40 24 ; ; : cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 40 25 Yondola Yondola NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 40 26 et et NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 40 27 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 40 28 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 41 1 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 41 2 2011 2011 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 41 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 41 4 made make VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 41 5 it -PRON- PRP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 41 6 apparent apparent JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 41 7 that that IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 41 8 influenza influenza NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 41 9 virus virus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 41 10 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 41 11 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 41 12 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 41 13 is be VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 41 14 likely likely JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 41 15 to to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 41 16 be be VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 41 17 strain strain NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 41 18 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 41 19 specific specific JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 41 20 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 42 1 Further further JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 42 2 studies study NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 42 3 supported support VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 42 4 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 42 5 possibility possibility NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 42 6 that that IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 42 7 influenza influenza NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 42 8 virus virus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 42 9 NA NA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 42 10 acts act VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 42 11 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 42 12 strainspecific strainspecific JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 42 13 antagonist antagonist NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 42 14 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 42 15 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 43 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 43 2 Leyva Leyva NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 43 3 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 43 4 Grado Grado NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 43 5 et et FW cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 43 6 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 43 7 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 44 1 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 44 2 2014 2014 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 44 3 ; ; : cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 44 4 Mangeat Mangeat NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 44 5 et et NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 44 6 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 44 7 . . NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 44 8 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 44 9 2012 2012 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 44 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 44 11 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 45 1 Mangeat Mangeat NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 45 2 et et NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 45 3 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 45 4 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 46 1 also also RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 46 2 reported report VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 46 3 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 46 4 reduction reduction NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 46 5 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 46 6 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 46 7 protein protein NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 46 8 expression expression NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 46 9 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 46 10 which which WDT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 46 11 may may MD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 46 12 be be VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 46 13 associated associate VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 46 14 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 46 15 hemagglutinin hemagglutinin NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 46 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 46 17 HA HA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 46 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 46 19 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 46 20 NA NA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 46 21 together together RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 47 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 47 2 Gnirss Gnirss NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 47 3 et et NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 47 4 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 47 5 . . NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 47 6 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 47 7 2015 2015 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 47 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 47 9 or or CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 47 10 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 47 11 M2 M2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 47 12 protein protein NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 47 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 47 14 Hu Hu NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 47 15 et et FW cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 47 16 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 47 17 . . NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 47 18 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 47 19 2017 2017 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 47 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 47 21 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 47 22 but but CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 47 23 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 47 24 observations observation NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 47 25 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 47 26 decreased decrease VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 47 27 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 47 28 mRNA mrna NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 47 29 levels level NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 47 30 during during IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 47 31 influenza influenza NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 47 32 virus virus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 47 33 infection infection NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 47 34 remained remain VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 47 35 unexplained unexplained JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 47 36 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 48 1 Given give VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 48 2 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 48 3 variety variety NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 48 4 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 48 5 influenza influenza NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 48 6 strains strain NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 48 7 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 48 8 host host NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 48 9 cells cell NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 48 10 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 48 11 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 48 12 methodologies methodology NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 48 13 used use VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 48 14 to to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 48 15 study study VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 48 16 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 48 17 BST-2-influenza BST-2-influenza NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 48 18 interplay interplay NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 48 19 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 48 20 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 48 21 conflicting conflict VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 48 22 data datum NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 48 23 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 48 24 at at IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 48 25 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 48 26 very very RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 48 27 least least JJS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 48 28 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 48 29 appear appear VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 48 30 to to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 48 31 suggest suggest VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 48 32 that that IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 48 33 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 48 34 variety variety NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 48 35 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 48 36 influenza influenza NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 48 37 virus virus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 48 38 strains strain NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 48 39 interact interact VBP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 48 40 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 48 41 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 48 42 counteract counteract VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 48 43 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 48 44 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 48 45 some some DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 48 46 fashion fashion NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 48 47 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 49 1 Given give VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 49 2 that that DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 49 3 influenza influenza NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 49 4 is be VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 49 5 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 49 6 remains remain VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 49 7 an an DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 49 8 important important JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 49 9 zoonotic zoonotic JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 49 10 disease disease NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 49 11 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 49 12 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 49 13 possibility possibility NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 49 14 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 49 15 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 49 16 being be VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 49 17 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 49 18 host host NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 49 19 restriction restriction NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 49 20 factor factor NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 49 21 that that WDT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 49 22 acts act VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 49 23 as as IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 49 24 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 49 25 cross cross JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 49 26 - - JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 49 27 species species JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 49 28 transmission transmission NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 49 29 barrier barrier NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 49 30 for for IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 49 31 avian avian JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 49 32 influenza influenza NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 49 33 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 49 34 is be VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 49 35 intriguing intriguing JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 49 36 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 50 1 Thus thus RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 50 2 far far RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 50 3 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 50 4 however however RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 50 5 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 50 6 studies study NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 50 7 examining examine VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 50 8 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 50 9 intersection intersection NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 50 10 between between IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 50 11 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 50 12 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 50 13 influenza influenza NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 50 14 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 50 15 have have VBP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 50 16 mostly mostly RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 50 17 focused focus VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 50 18 on on IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 50 19 human human JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 50 20 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 50 21 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 50 22 whether whether IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 50 23 laboratory laboratory NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 50 24 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 50 25 adapted adapt VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 50 26 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 50 27 seasonal seasonal JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 50 28 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 50 29 or or CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 50 30 pandemic pandemic NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 50 31 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 51 1 These these DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 51 2 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 51 3 have have VBP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 51 4 been be VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 51 5 successful successful JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 51 6 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 51 7 maintaining maintain VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 51 8 themselves -PRON- PRP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 51 9 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 51 10 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 51 11 human human JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 51 12 population population NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 51 13 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 51 14 suggesting suggest VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 51 15 that that IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 51 16 they -PRON- PRP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 51 17 possess possess VBP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 51 18 an an DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 51 19 inherent inherent JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 51 20 capacity capacity NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 51 21 to to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 51 22 circumvent circumvent VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 51 23 or or CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 51 24 antagonize antagonize VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 51 25 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 51 26 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 51 27 activity activity NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 51 28 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 51 29 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 51 30 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 52 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 52 2 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 52 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 52 4 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 52 5 interested interested JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 52 6 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 52 7 comparing compare VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 52 8 human human JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 52 9 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 52 10 low low JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 52 11 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 52 12 avian avian JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 52 13 influenza influenza NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 52 14 virus virus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 52 15 strains strain NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 52 16 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 52 17 which which WDT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 52 18 are be VBP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 52 19 generally generally RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 52 20 not not RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 52 21 deemed deem VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 52 22 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 52 23 direct direct JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 52 24 threat threat NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 52 25 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 52 26 human human JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 52 27 health health NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 52 28 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 52 29 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 52 30 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 52 31 goal goal NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 52 32 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 52 33 identifying identify VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 52 34 differences difference NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 52 35 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 52 36 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 52 37 response response NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 52 38 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 52 39 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 52 40 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 53 1 To to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 53 2 study study VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 53 3 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 53 4 impact impact NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 53 5 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 53 6 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 53 7 on on IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 53 8 human human JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 53 9 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 53 10 avian avian JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 53 11 influenza influenza NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 53 12 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 53 13 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 53 14 we -PRON- PRP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 53 15 first first RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 53 16 generated generate VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 53 17 an an DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 53 18 MDCK MDCK NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 53 19 cell cell NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 53 20 line line NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 53 21 stably stably RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 53 22 expressing express VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 53 23 human human JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 53 24 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 53 25 cloned clone VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 53 26 from from IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 53 27 HeLa HeLa NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 53 28 cells cell NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 53 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 53 30 Narkpuk Narkpuk NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 53 31 et et NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 53 32 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 53 33 . . NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 53 34 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 53 35 2014 2014 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 53 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 53 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 53 38 Supplementary Supplementary NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 53 39 Fig Fig NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 53 40 . . NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 53 41 1 1 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 53 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 53 43 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 54 1 The the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 54 2 MDCK MDCK NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 54 3 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 54 4 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 54 5 cell cell NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 54 6 line line NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 54 7 generated generate VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 54 8 by by IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 54 9 lentiviral lentiviral NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 54 10 transduction transduction NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 54 11 was be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 54 12 examined examine VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 54 13 by by IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 54 14 immunofluorescence immunofluorescence NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 54 15 staining staining NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 54 16 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 54 17 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 54 18 was be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 54 19 observed observe VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 54 20 as as IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 54 21 punctate punctate NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 54 22 clusters cluster NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 54 23 on on IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 54 24 cell cell NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 54 25 surface surface NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 54 26 membranes membrane NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 54 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 54 28 Fig Fig NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 54 29 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 54 30 1A 1a NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 54 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 54 32 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 54 33 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 54 34 accordance accordance NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 54 35 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 54 36 expected expect VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 54 37 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 54 38 localization localization NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 54 39 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 55 1 Cells cell NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 55 2 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 55 3 also also RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 55 4 probed probe VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 55 5 for for IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 55 6 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 55 7 expression expression NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 55 8 by by IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 55 9 western western JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 55 10 blotting blotting NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 55 11 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 55 12 revealed reveal VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 55 13 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 55 14 characteristic characteristic JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 55 15 pattern pattern NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 55 16 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 55 17 monomeric monomeric JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 55 18 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 55 19 dimeric dimeric JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 55 20 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 55 21 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 55 22 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 55 23 various various JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 55 24 glycosylated glycosylated JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 55 25 forms form NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 55 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 55 27 Fig fig NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 55 28 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 55 29 1B 1b CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 55 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 55 31 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 56 1 To to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 56 2 test test VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 56 3 for for IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 56 4 strain strain NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 56 5 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 56 6 specific specific JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 56 7 differences difference NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 56 8 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 56 9 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 56 10 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 56 11 human human NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 56 12 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 56 13 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 56 14 we -PRON- PRP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 56 15 compared compare VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 56 16 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 56 17 low low JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 56 18 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 56 19 avian avian JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 56 20 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 56 21 A a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 56 22 / / SYM cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 56 23 duck duck NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 56 24 / / SYM cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 56 25 Hong Hong NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 56 26 Kong/ Kong/ NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 56 27 365/78 365/78 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 56 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 56 29 H4N6 H4N6 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 56 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 56 31 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 56 32 A a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 56 33 / / SYM cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 56 34 duck duck NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 56 35 / / SYM cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 56 36 Suphanburi Suphanburi NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 56 37 / / SYM cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 56 38 AI157/2005 AI157/2005 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 56 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 56 40 H6N1 H6N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 56 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 56 42 against against IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 56 43 A a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 56 44 / / SYM cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 56 45 Puerto Puerto NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 56 46 Rico/8/34 Rico/8/34 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 56 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 56 48 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 56 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 56 50 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 56 51 PR8 PR8 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 56 52 for for IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 56 53 short short JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 56 54 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 56 55 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 57 1 These these DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 57 2 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 57 3 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 57 4 used use VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 57 5 to to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 57 6 infect infect VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 57 7 MDCK MDCK NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 57 8 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 57 9 MDCK MDCK NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 57 10 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 57 11 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 57 12 cells cell NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 57 13 at at IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 57 14 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 57 15 low low JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 57 16 multiplicity multiplicity NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 57 17 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 57 18 infection infection NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 57 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 57 20 MOI MOI NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 57 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 57 22 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 57 23 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 57 24 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 57 25 supernatants supernatant NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 57 26 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 57 27 harvested harvest VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 57 28 at at IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 57 29 48 48 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 57 30 h h NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 57 31 post post NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 57 32 - - NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 57 33 infection infection NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 57 34 for for IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 57 35 plaque plaque NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 57 36 titration titration NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 57 37 on on IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 57 38 MDCK MDCK NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 57 39 cells cell NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 57 40 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 58 1 As as IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 58 2 low low JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 58 3 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 58 4 avian avian JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 58 5 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 58 6 have have VBP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 58 7 not not RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 58 8 been be VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 58 9 reported report VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 58 10 to to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 58 11 cause cause VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 58 12 disease disease NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 58 13 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 58 14 humans human NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 58 15 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 58 16 we -PRON- PRP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 58 17 expected expect VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 58 18 that that IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 58 19 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 58 20 H4N6 H4N6 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 58 21 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 58 22 H6N1 H6N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 58 23 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 58 24 would would MD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 58 25 be be VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 58 26 more more RBR cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 58 27 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 58 28 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 58 29 human human JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 58 30 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 58 31 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 58 32 activity activity NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 58 33 than than IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 58 34 PR8 PR8 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 58 35 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 59 1 Surprisingly surprisingly RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 59 2 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 59 3 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 59 4 PR8 PR8 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 59 5 virus virus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 59 6 exhibited exhibit VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 59 7 greater great JJR cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 59 8 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 59 9 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 59 10 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 59 11 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 59 12 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 59 13 titers titer NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 59 14 decreasing decrease VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 59 15 by by IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 59 16 around around RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 59 17 1 1 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 59 18 log log NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 59 19 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 59 20 MDCK MDCK NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 59 21 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 59 22 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 59 23 cells cell NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 59 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 59 25 Fig Fig NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 59 26 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 59 27 2A 2a CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 59 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 59 29 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 60 1 Neither neither CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 60 2 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 60 3 H4N6 H4N6 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 60 4 nor nor CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 60 5 H6N1 H6N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 60 6 virus virus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 60 7 appeared appear VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 60 8 to to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 60 9 be be VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 60 10 negatively negatively RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 60 11 affected affect VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 60 12 by by IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 60 13 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 60 14 presence presence NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 60 15 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 60 16 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 60 17 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 60 18 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 60 19 H4N6 H4N6 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 60 20 showing show VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 60 21 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 60 22 slight slight JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 60 23 trend trend NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 60 24 towards towards IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 60 25 increased increase VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 60 26 replication replication NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 60 27 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 60 28 MDCK MDCK NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 60 29 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 60 30 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 60 31 cells cell NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 60 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 60 33 Fig Fig NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 60 34 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 60 35 2B 2B NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 60 36 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 60 37 C C NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 60 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 60 39 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 61 1 When when WRB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 61 2 infected infected JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 61 3 cells cell NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 61 4 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 61 5 probed probe VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 61 6 to to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 61 7 confirm confirm VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 61 8 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 61 9 expression expression NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 61 10 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 61 11 western western JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 61 12 blotting blotting NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 61 13 revealed reveal VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 61 14 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 61 15 dramatic dramatic JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 61 16 disappearance disappearance NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 61 17 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 61 18 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 61 19 protein protein NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 61 20 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 61 21 MDCK MDCK NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 61 22 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 61 23 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 61 24 cells cell NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 61 25 infected infect VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 61 26 by by IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 61 27 H4N6 H4N6 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 61 28 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 61 29 H6N1 H6N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 61 30 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 62 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 62 2 Fig Fig NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 62 3 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 62 4 2D 2D NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 62 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 62 6 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 63 1 Similar similar JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 63 2 levels level NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 63 3 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 63 4 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 63 5 protein protein NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 63 6 down down IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 63 7 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 63 8 regulation regulation NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 63 9 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 63 10 not not RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 63 11 observed observe VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 63 12 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 63 13 PR8 PR8 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 63 14 infection infection NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 63 15 prior prior RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 63 16 to to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 63 17 complete complete JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 63 18 cell cell NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 63 19 death death NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 63 20 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 64 1 Analysis analysis NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 64 2 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 64 3 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 65 1 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 65 2 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 65 3 that that IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 65 4 this this DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 65 5 reduction reduction NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 65 6 was be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 65 7 accompanied accompany VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 65 8 by by IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 65 9 reduced reduce VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 65 10 mRNA mrna NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 65 11 levels level NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 65 12 as as RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 65 13 well well RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 65 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 65 15 Fig Fig NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 65 16 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 65 17 2E 2E NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 65 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 65 19 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 66 1 PR8 PR8 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 66 2 infection infection NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 66 3 also also RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 66 4 resulted result VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 66 5 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 66 6 decreased decrease VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 66 7 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 66 8 mRNA mrna NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 66 9 levels level NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 66 10 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 66 11 albeit albeit IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 66 12 not not RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 66 13 as as RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 66 14 drastically drastically RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 66 15 as as IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 66 16 infection infection NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 66 17 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 66 18 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 66 19 avian avian JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 66 20 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 66 21 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 67 1 While while IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 67 2 this this DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 67 3 result result NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 67 4 reflects reflect VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 67 5 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 67 6 ability ability NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 67 7 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 67 8 influenza influenza NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 67 9 A a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 67 10 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 67 11 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 67 12 general general JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 67 13 to to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 67 14 mediate mediate VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 67 15 host host NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 67 16 shut shut VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 67 17 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 67 18 off off NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 68 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 68 2 Rivas Rivas NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 68 3 et et NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 68 4 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 68 5 . . NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 68 6 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 68 7 2016 2016 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 68 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 69 1 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 69 2 it -PRON- PRP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 69 3 also also RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 69 4 suggests suggest VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 69 5 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 69 6 difference difference NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 69 7 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 69 8 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 69 9 down down JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 69 10 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 69 11 regulation regulation NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 69 12 that that WDT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 69 13 may may MD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 69 14 be be VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 69 15 associated associate VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 69 16 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 69 17 decreased decrease VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 69 18 levels level NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 69 19 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 69 20 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 69 21 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 70 1 Alternatively alternatively RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 70 2 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 70 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 70 4 is be VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 70 5 also also RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 70 6 possible possible JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 70 7 that that IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 70 8 mRNA mrna NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 70 9 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 70 10 protein protein NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 70 11 down down IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 70 12 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 70 13 regulation regulation NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 70 14 effects effect NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 70 15 occur occur VBP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 70 16 through through IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 70 17 distinct distinct JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 70 18 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 70 19 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 71 1 These these DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 71 2 avian avian JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 71 3 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 71 4 should should MD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 71 5 not not RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 71 6 have have VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 71 7 been be VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 71 8 under under IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 71 9 selection selection NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 71 10 pressure pressure NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 71 11 to to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 71 12 develop develop VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 71 13 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 71 14 specific specific JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 71 15 antagonistic antagonistic JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 71 16 mechanism mechanism NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 71 17 against against IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 71 18 human human NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 71 19 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 71 20 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 71 21 due due IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 71 22 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 71 23 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 71 24 nature nature NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 71 25 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 71 26 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 71 27 host host NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 71 28 range range NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 71 29 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 72 1 These these DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 72 2 observations observation NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 72 3 therefore therefore RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 72 4 pointed point VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 72 5 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 72 6 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 72 7 general general JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 72 8 host host NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 72 9 response response NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 72 10 inhibition inhibition NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 72 11 factor factor NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 72 12 present present JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 72 13 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 72 14 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 72 15 virus virus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 72 16 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 73 1 The the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 73 2 influenza influenza NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 73 3 virus virus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 73 4 nonstructural nonstructural JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 73 5 protein protein NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 73 6 1 1 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 73 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 73 8 NS1 ns1 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 73 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 73 10 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 73 11 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 73 12 particular particular JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 73 13 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 73 14 is be VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 73 15 known know VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 73 16 for for IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 73 17 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 73 18 ability ability NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 73 19 to to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 73 20 inhibit inhibit VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 73 21 an an DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 73 22 IFN IFN NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 73 23 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 73 24 induced induce VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 73 25 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 73 26 state state NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 73 27 through through IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 73 28 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 73 29 variety variety NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 73 30 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 73 31 activities activity NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 73 32 such such JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 73 33 as as IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 73 34 blocking block VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 73 35 host host NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 73 36 sensors sensor NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 73 37 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 73 38 viral viral JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 73 39 RNA RNA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 73 40 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 73 41 signal signal NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 73 42 transduction transduction NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 73 43 pathways pathway NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 73 44 leading lead VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 73 45 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 73 46 induction induction NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 73 47 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 73 48 IFN IFN NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 73 49 expression expression NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 73 50 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 73 51 Marc Marc NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 73 52 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 73 53 2014 2014 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 73 54 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 73 55 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 74 1 As as IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 74 2 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 74 3 expression expression NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 74 4 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 74 5 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 74 6 cell cell NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 74 7 line line NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 74 8 is be VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 74 9 driven drive VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 74 10 by by IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 74 11 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 74 12 constitutive constitutive JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 74 13 promoter promoter NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 74 14 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 74 15 however however RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 74 16 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 74 17 we -PRON- PRP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 74 18 do do VBP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 74 19 not not RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 74 20 expect expect VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 74 21 that that IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 74 22 these these DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 74 23 particular particular JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 74 24 activities activity NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 74 25 will will MD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 74 26 be be VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 74 27 involved involve VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 74 28 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 74 29 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 74 30 down down IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 74 31 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 74 32 regulation regulation NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 74 33 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 75 1 To to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 75 2 determine determine VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 75 3 which which WDT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 75 4 viral viral JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 75 5 factors factor NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 75 6 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 75 7 H4N6 H4N6 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 75 8 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 75 9 H6N1 H6N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 75 10 are be VBP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 75 11 involved involve VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 75 12 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 75 13 decreasing decrease VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 75 14 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 75 15 levels level NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 75 16 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 75 17 we -PRON- PRP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 75 18 studied study VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 75 19 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 75 20 impact impact NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 75 21 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 75 22 each each DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 75 23 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 75 24 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 75 25 genomic genomic JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 75 26 segments segment NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 75 27 on on IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 75 28 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 75 29 expression expression NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 75 30 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 75 31 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 75 32 context context NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 75 33 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 75 34 transfection transfection NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 75 35 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 76 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 76 2 amplified amplify VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 76 3 each each DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 76 4 segment segment NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 76 5 from from IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 76 6 viral viral JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 76 7 RNA RNA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 76 8 for for IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 76 9 cloning clone VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 76 10 into into IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 76 11 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 76 12 reverse reverse JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 76 13 genetics genetics NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 76 14 vector vector NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 76 15 pHW2000 phw2000 NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 76 16 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 77 1 Individual individual JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 77 2 genomic genomic JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 77 3 segments segment NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 77 4 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 77 5 PR8 PR8 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 77 6 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 77 7 H4N6 H4N6 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 77 8 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 77 9 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 77 10 H6N1 H6N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 77 11 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 77 12 then then RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 77 13 co co VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 77 14 - - VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 77 15 transfected transfecte VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 77 16 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 77 17 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 77 18 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 77 19 expression expression NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 77 20 plasmid plasmid NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 77 21 into into IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 77 22 HEK293 HEK293 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 77 23 T T NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 77 24 cells cell NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 77 25 for for IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 77 26 western western JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 77 27 blot blot NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 77 28 analysis analysis NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 77 29 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 78 1 While while IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 78 2 none none NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 78 3 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 78 4 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 78 5 PR8 PR8 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 78 6 genomic genomic JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 78 7 segments segment NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 78 8 affected affect VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 78 9 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 78 10 expression expression NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 78 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 78 12 Fig Fig NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 78 13 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 78 14 3A 3A NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 78 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 78 16 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 78 17 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 78 18 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 78 19 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 78 20 H4N6 H4N6 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 78 21 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 78 22 H6N1 H6N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 78 23 notably notably RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 78 24 reduced reduce VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 78 25 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 78 26 protein protein NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 78 27 levels level NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 78 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 78 29 Fig Fig NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 78 30 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 78 31 3B 3B NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 78 32 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 78 33 C C NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 78 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 78 35 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 79 1 Additionally additionally RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 79 2 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 79 3 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 79 4 H6N1 H6N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 79 5 NS NS NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 79 6 segment segment NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 79 7 also also RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 79 8 exhibited exhibit VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 79 9 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 79 10 capacity capacity NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 79 11 to to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 79 12 reduce reduce VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 79 13 protein protein NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 79 14 expression expression NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 79 15 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 79 16 which which WDT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 79 17 is be VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 79 18 likely likely JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 79 19 due due JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 79 20 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 79 21 NS1-associated ns1-associated JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 79 22 host host NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 79 23 shut shut VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 79 24 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 79 25 off off RP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 79 26 capabilities capability NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 79 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 79 28 Marc Marc NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 79 29 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 79 30 2014 2014 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 79 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 79 32 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 80 1 As as IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 80 2 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 80 3 effect effect NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 80 4 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 80 5 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 80 6 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 80 7 segment segment NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 80 8 appeared appear VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 80 9 common common JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 80 10 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 80 11 both both CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 80 12 low low JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 80 13 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 80 14 avian avian JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 80 15 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 80 16 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 80 17 we -PRON- PRP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 80 18 further further RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 80 19 tested test VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 80 20 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 80 21 effect effect NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 80 22 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 80 23 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 80 24 on on IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 80 25 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 81 1 Among among IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 81 2 all all PDT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 81 3 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 81 4 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 81 5 genes gene NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 81 6 tested test VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 81 7 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 81 8 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 81 9 low low JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 81 10 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 81 11 avian avian JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 81 12 influenza influenza NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 81 13 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 81 14 H4N6 H4N6 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 81 15 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 81 16 H6N1 H6N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 81 17 resulted result VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 81 18 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 81 19 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 81 20 most most RBS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 81 21 significant significant JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 81 22 decrease decrease NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 81 23 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 81 24 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 81 25 protein protein NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 81 26 levels level NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 81 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 81 28 Fig Fig NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 81 29 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 81 30 3D 3D NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 81 31 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 81 32 Supplementary Supplementary NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 81 33 Fig Fig NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 81 34 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 82 1 2A 2a LS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 82 2 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 82 3 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 83 1 The the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 83 2 pandemic pandemic NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 83 3 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 83 4 strain strain NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 83 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 83 6 Non Non NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 83 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 83 8 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 83 9 which which WDT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 83 10 has have VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 83 11 an an DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 83 12 avian avian NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 83 13 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 83 14 derived derive VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 83 15 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 83 16 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 83 17 along along IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 83 18 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 83 19 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 83 20 highly highly RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 83 21 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 83 22 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 83 23 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 83 24 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 83 25 had have VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 83 26 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 83 27 noticeable noticeable JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 83 28 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 83 29 albeit albeit IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 83 30 very very RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 83 31 mild mild JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 83 32 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 83 33 effect effect NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 83 34 on on IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 83 35 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 83 36 levels level NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 83 37 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 84 1 The the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 84 2 PR8 PR8 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 84 3 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 84 4 H3N2 H3N2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 84 5 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 84 6 had have VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 84 7 little little JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 84 8 observable observable JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 84 9 impact impact NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 84 10 on on IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 84 11 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 84 12 levels level NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 84 13 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 85 1 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 85 2 protein protein NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 85 3 levels level NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 85 4 roughly roughly RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 85 5 corresponded correspond VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 85 6 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 85 7 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 85 8 effect effect NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 85 9 on on IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 85 10 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 85 11 levels level NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 85 12 ; ; : cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 85 13 H4N6 H4N6 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 85 14 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 85 15 H6N1 H6N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 85 16 had have VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 85 17 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 85 18 greatest great JJS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 85 19 amounts amount NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 85 20 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 85 21 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 85 22 protein protein NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 85 23 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 85 24 followed follow VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 85 25 by by IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 85 26 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 85 27 highly highly RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 85 28 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 85 29 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 85 30 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 85 31 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 85 32 pandemic pandemic NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 85 33 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 85 34 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 86 1 PR8 PR8 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 86 2 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 86 3 H3N2 H3N2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 86 4 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 86 5 levels level NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 86 6 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 86 7 notably notably RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 86 8 lower low JJR cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 86 9 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 86 10 likely likely RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 86 11 due due IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 86 12 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 86 13 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 86 14 presence presence NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 86 15 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 86 16 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 86 17 itself -PRON- PRP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 86 18 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 86 19 which which WDT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 86 20 has have VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 86 21 been be VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 86 22 previously previously RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 86 23 shown show VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 86 24 to to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 86 25 decrease decrease VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 86 26 expression expression NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 86 27 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 86 28 co co JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 86 29 - - JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 86 30 transfected transfecte VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 86 31 genes gene NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 87 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 87 2 Narkpuk Narkpuk NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 87 3 et et NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 87 4 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 87 5 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 88 1 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 88 2 2014 2014 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 88 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 88 4 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 89 1 Indeed indeed RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 89 2 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 89 3 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 89 4 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 89 5 absence absence NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 89 6 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 89 7 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 89 8 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 89 9 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 89 10 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 89 11 PR8 PR8 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 89 12 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 89 13 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 89 14 H3N2 H3N2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 89 15 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 89 16 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 89 17 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 89 18 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 89 19 expressed express VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 89 20 at at IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 89 21 higher high JJR cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 89 22 levels level NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 89 23 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 89 24 whereas whereas IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 89 25 H4N6 H4N6 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 89 26 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 89 27 H6N1 H6N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 89 28 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 89 29 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 89 30 expressed express VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 89 31 at at IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 89 32 lower low JJR cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 89 33 levels level NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 89 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 89 35 Fig Fig NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 89 36 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 89 37 3E 3E NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 89 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 89 39 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 90 1 These these DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 90 2 results result NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 90 3 suggest suggest VBP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 90 4 that that IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 90 5 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 90 6 H4N6 H4N6 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 90 7 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 90 8 H6N1 H6N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 90 9 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 90 10 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 90 11 mediated mediate VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 90 12 down down NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 90 13 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 90 14 regulation regulation NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 90 15 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 90 16 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 91 1 may may MD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 91 2 pre pre VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 91 3 - - VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 91 4 empt empt VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 91 5 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 91 6 activity activity NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 91 7 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 91 8 preventing prevent VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 91 9 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 91 10 from from IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 91 11 decreasing decrease VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 91 12 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 91 13 expression expression NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 91 14 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 92 1 The the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 92 2 main main JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 92 3 product product NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 92 4 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 92 5 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 92 6 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 92 7 segment segment NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 92 8 is be VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 92 9 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 92 10 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 92 11 protein protein NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 92 12 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 92 13 which which WDT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 92 14 functions function VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 92 15 as as IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 92 16 an an DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 92 17 endonuclease endonuclease NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 92 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 92 19 Fodor Fodor NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 92 20 et et FW cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 92 21 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 92 22 . . NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 92 23 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 92 24 2002 2002 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 92 25 ; ; : cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 92 26 Hara Hara NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 92 27 et et NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 92 28 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 92 29 . . NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 92 30 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 92 31 2006 2006 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 92 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 92 33 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 93 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 93 2 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 93 3 this this DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 93 4 segment segment NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 93 5 also also RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 93 6 encodes encode VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 93 7 an an DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 93 8 alternative alternative JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 93 9 product product NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 93 10 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 93 11 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 93 12 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 93 13 X X NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 93 14 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 93 15 containing contain VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 93 16 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 93 17 N n CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 93 18 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 93 19 terminal terminal NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 93 20 endonuclease endonuclease NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 93 21 domain domain NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 93 22 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 93 23 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 93 24 fused fuse VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 93 25 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 93 26 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 93 27 frameshifted frameshifte VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 93 28 C c NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 93 29 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 93 30 terminal terminal NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 93 31 tail tail NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 94 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 94 2 Jagger Jagger NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 94 3 et et NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 94 4 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 94 5 . . NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 94 6 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 94 7 2012 2012 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 94 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 94 9 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 95 1 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 95 2 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 95 3 X X NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 95 4 has have VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 95 5 been be VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 95 6 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 95 7 to to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 95 8 actively actively RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 95 9 target target VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 95 10 host host NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 95 11 RNA RNA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 95 12 polymerase polymerase NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 95 13 II II NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 95 14 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 95 15 derived derive VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 95 16 transcripts transcript NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 95 17 for for IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 95 18 cleavage cleavage NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 96 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 96 2 Khaperskyy Khaperskyy NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 96 3 et et FW cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 96 4 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 96 5 . . NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 96 6 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 96 7 2016 2016 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 96 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 96 9 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 96 10 is be VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 96 11 thought think VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 96 12 to to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 96 13 play play VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 96 14 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 96 15 role role NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 96 16 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 96 17 decreasing decrease VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 96 18 host host NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 96 19 competition competition NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 96 20 for for IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 96 21 resources resource NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 96 22 as as RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 96 23 well well RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 96 24 as as IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 96 25 down down RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 96 26 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 96 27 regulating regulate VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 96 28 host host NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 96 29 responses response NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 97 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 97 2 Hayashi Hayashi NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 97 3 et et FW cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 97 4 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 97 5 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 98 1 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 98 2 2015 2015 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 98 3 ; ; : cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 98 4 Jagger Jagger NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 98 5 et et NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 98 6 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 98 7 . . NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 98 8 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 98 9 2012 2012 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 98 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 98 11 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 99 1 In in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 99 2 addition addition NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 99 3 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 99 4 it -PRON- PRP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 99 5 displays display VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 99 6 host host NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 99 7 - - : cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 99 8 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 99 9 strain strain NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 99 10 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 99 11 specific specific JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 99 12 impact impact NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 99 13 on on IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 99 14 influenza influenza NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 99 15 virus virus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 99 16 pathogenicity pathogenicity NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 99 17 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 99 18 transmissibility transmissibility NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 99 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 99 20 Hu Hu NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 99 21 et et FW cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 99 22 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 99 23 . . NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 99 24 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 99 25 2018 2018 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 99 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 99 27 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 1 To to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 2 dissect dissect VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 3 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 4 roles role NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 5 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 6 both both DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 7 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 8 segment segment NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 9 products product NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 10 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 11 mediating mediate VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 12 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 13 down down IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 14 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 15 regulation regulation NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 16 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 17 we -PRON- PRP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 18 mutated mutate VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 19 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 20 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 21 segment segment NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 22 based base VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 23 on on IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 24 work work NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 25 by by IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 26 Jagger Jagger NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 27 et et NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 28 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 29 . . NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 30 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 31 which which WDT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 32 had have VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 33 identified identify VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 34 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 35 frameshift frameshift NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 36 motif motif NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 38 UCC UCC NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 39 UUU UUU NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 40 CGU CGU NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 41 C C NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 42 ; ; : cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 43 Fig Fig NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 44 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 45 4A 4a CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 47 required require VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 48 for for IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 49 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 50 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 51 X X NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 52 expression expression NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 53 as as RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 54 well well RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 55 as as IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 56 narrowed narrow VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 57 down down IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 58 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 59 essential essential JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 60 residues residue NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 61 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 62 3 3 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 63 positions position NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 64 that that WDT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 65 resulted result VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 66 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 67 under under IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 68 0.1 0.1 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 69 % % NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 70 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 71 efficiency efficiency NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 72 when when WRB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 73 mutated mutate VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 74 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 75 UCC UCC NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 76 UUU UUU NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 77 CGU CGU NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 78 C C NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 79 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 80 UCC UCC NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 81 UUC UUC NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 82 AGA AGA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 83 C C NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 100 84 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 101 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 101 2 Jagger Jagger NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 101 3 et et NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 101 4 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 101 5 . . NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 101 6 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 101 7 2012 2012 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 101 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 101 9 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 102 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 102 2 also also RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 102 3 generated generate VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 102 4 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 102 5 single single JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 102 6 C c NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 102 7 nucleotide nucleotide NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 102 8 deletion deletion NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 102 9 mutant mutant NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 102 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 102 11 UCC UCC NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 102 12 UUU UUU NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 102 13 CGU CGU NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 102 14 C C NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 102 15 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 102 16 UCC UCC NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 102 17 UUU UUU NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 102 18 -GU -gu RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 102 19 C C NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 102 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 102 21 which which WDT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 102 22 shifted shift VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 102 23 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 102 24 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 102 25 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 102 26 X X NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 102 27 ORF ORF NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 102 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 102 29 open open JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 102 30 reading reading NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 102 31 frame frame NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 102 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 102 33 into into IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 102 34 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 102 35 position position NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 102 36 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 102 37 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 102 38 frame frame NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 102 39 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 102 40 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 102 41 start start NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 102 42 codon codon NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 102 43 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 102 44 resulting result VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 102 45 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 102 46 expression expression NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 102 47 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 102 48 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 102 49 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 102 50 X X NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 102 51 but but CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 102 52 not not RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 102 53 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 102 54 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 2 emulated emulate VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 3 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 4 mutagenesis mutagenesis NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 5 approach approach NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 6 for for IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 7 PR8 PR8 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 8 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 9 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 10 H6N1 H6N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 11 virus virus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 13 Fig Fig NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 14 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 15 4B 4b LS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 17 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 18 mutating mutate VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 19 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 20 frameshift frameshift NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 21 motif motif NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 22 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 23 either either CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 24 reduce reduce VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 25 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 26 into into IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 27 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 28 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 29 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 30 X X NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 31 ORF ORF NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 33 FS FS NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 35 or or CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 36 to to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 37 force force VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 38 expression expression NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 39 solely solely RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 40 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 41 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 42 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 43 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 44 X X NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 45 ORF ORF NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 46 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 47 ΔC ΔC NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 49 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 50 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 51 assessed assess VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 52 which which WDT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 53 ORF ORF NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 54 is be VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 55 responsible responsible JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 56 for for IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 57 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 58 observed observed JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 59 decreases decrease NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 60 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 61 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 62 levels level NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 103 63 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 104 1 Wild wild JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 104 2 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 104 3 type type NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 104 4 or or CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 104 5 mutant mutant JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 104 6 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 104 7 was be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 104 8 co co VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 104 9 - - VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 104 10 transfected transfecte VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 104 11 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 104 12 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 104 13 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 104 14 expression expression NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 104 15 plasmid plasmid NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 104 16 into into IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 104 17 HEK293 HEK293 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 104 18 T T NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 104 19 cells cell NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 104 20 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 104 21 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 104 22 cell cell NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 104 23 lysates lysate NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 104 24 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 104 25 harvested harvest VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 104 26 for for IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 104 27 western western JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 104 28 blot blot NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 104 29 analysis analysis NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 105 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 105 2 Fig Fig NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 105 3 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 105 4 4C 4c CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 105 5 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 105 6 Supplementary Supplementary NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 105 7 Fig Fig NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 105 8 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 105 9 2B 2b CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 105 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 105 11 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 106 1 As as IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 106 2 seen see VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 106 3 previously previously RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 106 4 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 106 5 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 106 6 H6N1 H6N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 106 7 wild wild JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 106 8 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 106 9 type type NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 106 10 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 106 11 decreased decrease VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 106 12 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 106 13 levels level NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 106 14 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 106 15 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 106 16 much much RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 106 17 greater great JJR cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 106 18 extent extent NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 106 19 than than IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 106 20 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 106 21 PR8 PR8 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 106 22 wild wild JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 106 23 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 106 24 type type NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 106 25 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 106 26 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 107 1 The the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 107 2 H6N1 H6N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 107 3 ΔC ΔC NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 107 4 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 107 5 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 107 6 which which WDT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 107 7 is be VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 107 8 frameshifted frameshifte VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 107 9 to to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 107 10 express express VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 107 11 only only RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 107 12 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 107 13 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 107 14 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 107 15 X X NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 107 16 ORF ORF NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 107 17 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 107 18 resulted result VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 107 19 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 107 20 undetectable undetectable JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 107 21 levels level NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 107 22 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 107 23 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 107 24 while while IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 107 25 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 107 26 FS FS NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 107 27 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 107 28 lost lose VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 107 29 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 107 30 activity activity NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 107 31 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 108 1 These these DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 108 2 results result NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 108 3 indicate indicate VBP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 108 4 that that IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 108 5 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 108 6 effect effect NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 108 7 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 108 8 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 108 9 H6N1 H6N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 108 10 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 108 11 segment segment NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 108 12 on on IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 108 13 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 108 14 levels level NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 108 15 may may MD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 108 16 be be VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 108 17 attributed attribute VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 108 18 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 108 19 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 108 20 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 108 21 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 108 22 X X NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 108 23 ORF ORF NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 108 24 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 109 1 Similarly similarly RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 109 2 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 109 3 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 109 4 PR8 PR8 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 109 5 ΔC ΔC NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 109 6 mutant mutant NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 109 7 decreased decrease VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 109 8 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 109 9 levels level NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 109 10 while while IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 109 11 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 109 12 FS FS NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 109 13 mutant mutant NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 109 14 had have VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 109 15 no no DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 109 16 effect effect NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 109 17 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 109 18 further further RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 109 19 demonstrating demonstrate VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 109 20 that that IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 109 21 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 109 22 PR8 PR8 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 109 23 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 109 24 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 109 25 X X NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 109 26 ORF ORF NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 109 27 also also RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 109 28 has have VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 109 29 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 109 30 ability ability NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 109 31 to to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 109 32 decrease decrease VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 109 33 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 109 34 protein protein NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 109 35 levels level NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 109 36 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 109 37 transfected transfecte VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 109 38 cells cell NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 109 39 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 110 1 However however RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 110 2 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 110 3 because because IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 110 4 PR8 PR8 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 110 5 wild wild JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 110 6 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 110 7 type type NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 110 8 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 110 9 ΔC ΔC NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 110 10 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 110 11 both both DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 110 12 exhibit exhibit VBP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 110 13 less less RBR cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 110 14 down down JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 110 15 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 110 16 regulation regulation NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 110 17 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 110 18 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 110 19 protein protein NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 110 20 compared compare VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 110 21 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 110 22 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 110 23 H6N1 H6N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 110 24 counterparts counterpart NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 110 25 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 110 26 we -PRON- PRP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 110 27 surmise surmise VBP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 110 28 that that IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 110 29 PR8 PR8 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 110 30 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 110 31 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 110 32 X x NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 110 33 expression expression NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 110 34 levels level NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 110 35 or or CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 110 36 activity activity NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 110 37 may may MD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 110 38 be be VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 110 39 lower low JJR cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 110 40 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 111 1 Since since IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 111 2 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 111 3 observations observation NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 111 4 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 111 5 impact impact NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 111 6 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 111 7 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 111 8 avian avian JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 111 9 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 111 10 segment segment NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 111 11 on on IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 111 12 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 111 13 down down IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 111 14 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 111 15 regulation regulation NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 111 16 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 111 17 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 111 18 context context NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 111 19 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 111 20 transfection transfection NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 111 21 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 111 22 we -PRON- PRP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 111 23 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 111 24 interested interested JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 111 25 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 111 26 examining examine VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 111 27 whether whether IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 111 28 or or CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 111 29 not not RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 111 30 such such JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 111 31 impact impact NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 111 32 translated translate VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 111 33 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 111 34 viral viral JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 111 35 growth growth NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 111 36 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 111 37 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 111 38 context context NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 111 39 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 111 40 infection infection NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 111 41 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 112 1 First first RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 112 2 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 112 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 112 4 generated generate VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 112 5 chimeric chimeric JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 112 6 PR8 PR8 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 112 7 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 112 8 H6N1 H6N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 112 9 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 112 10 where where WRB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 112 11 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 112 12 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 112 13 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 112 14 NS NS NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 112 15 or or CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 112 16 both both DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 112 17 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 112 18 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 112 19 NS NS NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 112 20 segments segment NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 112 21 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 112 22 swapped swap VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 112 23 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 112 24 as as RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 112 25 well well RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 112 26 as as IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 112 27 PR8 PR8 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 112 28 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 112 29 H6N1 H6N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 112 30 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 112 31 carrying carry VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 112 32 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 112 33 FS FS NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 112 34 mutation mutation NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 112 35 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 112 36 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 112 37 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 112 38 segments segment NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 112 39 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 113 1 MDCK MDCK NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 113 2 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 113 3 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 113 4 cells cell NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 113 5 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 113 6 infected infect VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 113 7 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 113 8 these these DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 113 9 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 113 10 at at IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 113 11 an an DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 113 12 MOI MOI NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 113 13 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 113 14 0.001 0.001 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 113 15 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 113 16 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 113 17 cell cell NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 113 18 lysates lysate NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 113 19 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 113 20 assessed assess VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 113 21 for for IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 113 22 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 113 23 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 113 24 viral viral JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 113 25 NP NP NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 113 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 113 27 nucleoprotein nucleoprotein NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 113 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 113 29 expression expression NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 114 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 114 2 Fig Fig NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 114 3 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 114 4 5A 5a CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 114 5 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 114 6 Supplementary Supplementary NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 114 7 Fig Fig NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 114 8 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 114 9 2C 2C NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 114 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 114 11 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 115 1 The the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 115 2 PR8-based pr8-based JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 115 3 chimeras chimera NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 115 4 carrying carry VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 115 5 H6N1 H6N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 115 6 NS NS NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 115 7 and/or and/or CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 115 8 wild wild JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 115 9 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 115 10 type type NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 115 11 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 115 12 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 115 13 capable capable JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 115 14 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 115 15 decreasing decrease VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 115 16 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 115 17 levels level NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 115 18 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 115 19 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 115 20 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 115 21 strongest strong JJS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 115 22 impact impact NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 115 23 being be VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 115 24 seen see VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 115 25 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 115 26 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 115 27 wild wild JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 115 28 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 115 29 type type NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 115 30 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 115 31 segment segment NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 115 32 alone alone RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 115 33 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 116 1 The the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 116 2 PR8 PR8 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 116 3 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 116 4 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 116 5 FS FS NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 116 6 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 116 7 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 116 8 either either CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 116 9 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 116 10 own own JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 116 11 or or CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 116 12 that that DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 116 13 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 116 14 H6N1 H6N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 116 15 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 116 16 did do VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 116 17 not not RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 116 18 exhibit exhibit VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 116 19 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 116 20 down down IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 116 21 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 116 22 regulation regulation NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 116 23 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 117 1 On on IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 117 2 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 117 3 other other JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 117 4 hand hand NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 117 5 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 117 6 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 117 7 H6N1 H6N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 117 8 chimeric chimeric JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 117 9 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 117 10 carrying carry VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 117 11 either either CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 117 12 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 117 13 PR8 PR8 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 117 14 wild wild JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 117 15 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 117 16 type type NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 117 17 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 117 18 or or CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 117 19 both both CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 117 20 PR8 PR8 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 117 21 NS NS NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 117 22 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 117 23 wild wild JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 117 24 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 117 25 type type NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 117 26 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 117 27 completely completely RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 117 28 lost lose VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 117 29 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 117 30 ability ability NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 117 31 to to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 117 32 decrease decrease VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 117 33 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 117 34 levels level NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 117 35 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 118 1 The the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 118 2 H6N1 H6N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 118 3 FS fs NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 118 4 mutant mutant NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 118 5 lost lose VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 118 6 most most JJS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 118 7 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 118 8 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 118 9 activity activity NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 118 10 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 118 11 while while IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 118 12 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 118 13 virus virus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 118 14 carrying carry VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 118 15 PR8 PR8 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 118 16 NS NS NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 118 17 lost lose VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 118 18 some some DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 118 19 activity activity NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 118 20 but but CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 118 21 still still RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 118 22 yielded yield VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 118 23 noticeably noticeably RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 118 24 decreased decrease VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 118 25 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 118 26 levels level NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 118 27 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 119 1 These these DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 119 2 results result NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 119 3 suggest suggest VBP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 119 4 that that IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 119 5 H6N1 H6N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 119 6 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 119 7 plays play VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 119 8 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 119 9 primary primary JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 119 10 role role NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 119 11 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 119 12 down down RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 119 13 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 119 14 regulating regulate VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 119 15 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 119 16 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 119 17 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 119 18 some some DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 119 19 contribution contribution NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 119 20 from from IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 119 21 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 119 22 NS NS NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 119 23 segment segment NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 119 24 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 120 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 120 2 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 120 3 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 120 4 presence presence NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 120 5 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 120 6 both both CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 120 7 H6N1 H6N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 120 8 NS NS NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 120 9 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 120 10 wild wild JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 120 11 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 120 12 type type NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 120 13 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 120 14 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 120 15 PR8 PR8 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 120 16 did do VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 120 17 not not RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 120 18 result result VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 120 19 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 120 20 an an DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 120 21 additive additive NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 120 22 effect effect NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 120 23 on on IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 120 24 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 120 25 levels level NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 120 26 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 120 27 but but CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 120 28 rather rather RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 120 29 resulting result VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 120 30 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 120 31 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 120 32 weaker weak JJR cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 120 33 effect effect NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 120 34 on on IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 120 35 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 120 36 than than IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 120 37 H6N1 H6N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 120 38 wild wild JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 120 39 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 120 40 type type NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 120 41 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 120 42 alone alone RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 120 43 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 121 1 This this DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 121 2 suggests suggest VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 121 3 that that IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 121 4 viral viral JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 121 5 context context NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 121 6 also also RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 121 7 plays play VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 121 8 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 121 9 role role NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 121 10 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 121 11 how how WRB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 121 12 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 121 13 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 121 14 NS NS NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 121 15 manifest manifest VBP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 121 16 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 121 17 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 121 18 antagonism antagonism NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 121 19 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 122 1 To to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 122 2 examine examine VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 122 3 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 122 4 role role NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 122 5 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 122 6 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 122 7 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 122 8 segment segment NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 122 9 further far RBR cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 122 10 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 122 11 we -PRON- PRP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 122 12 infected infect VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 122 13 MDCK MDCK NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 122 14 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 122 15 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 122 16 cells cell NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 122 17 at at IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 122 18 an an DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 122 19 MOI MOI NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 122 20 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 122 21 5 5 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 122 22 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 122 23 incubated incubate VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 122 24 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 122 25 cells cell NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 122 26 for for IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 122 27 18 18 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 122 28 h h NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 122 29 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 122 30 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 122 31 absence absence NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 122 32 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 122 33 TPCK TPCK NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 122 34 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 122 35 treated treat VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 122 36 trypsin trypsin NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 122 37 to to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 122 38 limit limit VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 122 39 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 122 40 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 122 41 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 122 42 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 122 43 single single JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 122 44 round round NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 122 45 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 122 46 growth growth NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 122 47 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 123 1 This this DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 123 2 would would MD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 123 3 allow allow VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 123 4 us -PRON- PRP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 123 5 to to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 123 6 examine examine VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 123 7 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 123 8 impact impact NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 123 9 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 123 10 viral viral JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 123 11 infection infection NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 123 12 on on IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 123 13 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 123 14 levels level NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 123 15 without without IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 123 16 being be VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 123 17 confounded confound VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 123 18 by by IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 123 19 differences difference NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 123 20 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 123 21 viral viral JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 123 22 spread spread NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 123 23 due due IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 123 24 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 123 25 variable variable JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 123 26 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 123 27 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 123 28 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 124 1 Western western JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 124 2 blotting blotting NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 124 3 results result NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 124 4 reflect reflect VBP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 124 5 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 124 6 transfection transfection NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 124 7 observations observation NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 124 8 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 124 9 although although IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 124 10 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 124 11 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 124 12 less less RBR cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 124 13 dramatic dramatic JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 124 14 extent extent NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 124 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 124 16 Fig Fig NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 124 17 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 124 18 5B 5b CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 124 19 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 124 20 Supplementary Supplementary NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 124 21 Fig Fig NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 124 22 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 124 23 2D 2D NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 124 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 124 25 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 124 26 likely likely RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 124 27 due due IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 124 28 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 124 29 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 124 30 single single JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 124 31 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 124 32 round round NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 124 33 nature nature NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 124 34 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 124 35 these these DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 124 36 infections infection NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 124 37 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 125 1 The the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 125 2 H6N1 H6N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 125 3 virus virus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 125 4 resulted result VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 125 5 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 125 6 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 125 7 lowest low JJS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 125 8 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 125 9 levels level NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 125 10 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 125 11 followed follow VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 125 12 by by IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 125 13 PR8 PR8 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 125 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 125 15 H6N1 H6N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 125 16 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 125 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 125 18 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 125 19 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 125 20 PR8 PR8 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 125 21 virus virus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 125 22 carrying carry VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 125 23 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 125 24 H6N1 H6N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 125 25 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 125 26 segment segment NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 125 27 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 126 1 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 127 1 mRNA mrna NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 127 2 levels level NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 127 3 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 127 4 also also RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 127 5 examined examine VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 127 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 127 7 Fig Fig NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 127 8 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 127 9 5C 5c CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 127 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 127 11 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 128 1 Loss loss NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 128 2 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 128 3 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 128 4 into into IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 128 5 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 128 6 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 128 7 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 128 8 X X NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 128 9 ORF ORF NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 128 10 resulted result VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 128 11 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 128 12 notable notable JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 128 13 losses loss NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 128 14 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 128 15 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 128 16 ability ability NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 128 17 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 128 18 down down RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 128 19 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 128 20 regulate regulate VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 128 21 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 128 22 mRNA mrna NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 128 23 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 128 24 strongly strongly RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 128 25 suggesting suggest VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 128 26 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 128 27 role role NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 128 28 for for IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 128 29 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 128 30 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 128 31 X X NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 128 32 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 128 33 controlling control VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 128 34 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 128 35 transcription transcription NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 128 36 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 129 1 However however RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 129 2 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 129 3 swapping swap VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 129 4 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 129 5 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 129 6 segment segment NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 129 7 as as IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 129 8 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 129 9 whole whole NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 129 10 did do VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 129 11 not not RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 129 12 affect affect VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 129 13 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 129 14 mRNA mrna NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 129 15 levels level NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 129 16 significantly significantly RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 129 17 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 130 1 Considering consider VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 130 2 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 130 3 impact impact NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 130 4 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 130 5 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 130 6 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 130 7 segment segment NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 130 8 on on IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 130 9 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 130 10 protein protein NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 130 11 levels level NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 130 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 130 13 Fig Fig NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 130 14 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 130 15 5A 5a NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 130 16 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 130 17 B B NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 130 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 130 19 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 130 20 this this DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 130 21 appears appear VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 130 22 to to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 130 23 indicate indicate VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 130 24 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 130 25 distinct distinct JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 130 26 role role NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 130 27 for for IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 130 28 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 130 29 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 130 30 segment segment NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 130 31 as as IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 130 32 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 130 33 whole whole NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 130 34 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 130 35 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 130 36 protein protein NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 130 37 down down IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 130 38 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 130 39 regulation regulation NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 130 40 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 131 1 To to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 131 2 assess assess VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 131 3 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 131 4 role role NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 131 5 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 131 6 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 131 7 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 131 8 segment segment NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 131 9 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 131 10 rescuing rescue VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 131 11 viral viral JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 131 12 replication replication NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 131 13 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 131 14 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 131 15 presence presence NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 131 16 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 131 17 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 131 18 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 131 19 we -PRON- PRP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 131 20 assessed assess VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 131 21 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 131 22 growth growth NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 131 23 kinetics kinetic NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 131 24 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 131 25 PR8 PR8 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 131 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 131 27 H6N1 H6N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 131 28 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 131 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 131 30 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 131 31 H6N1 H6N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 131 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 131 33 PR8 PR8 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 131 34 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 131 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 131 36 alongside alongside IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 131 37 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 131 38 wild wild JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 131 39 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 131 40 type type NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 131 41 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 131 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 131 43 Fig fig NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 131 44 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 131 45 5 5 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 131 46 D d NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 131 47 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 131 48 G G NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 131 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 131 50 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 132 1 MDCK MDCK NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 132 2 or or CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 132 3 MDCK MDCK NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 132 4 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 132 5 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 132 6 cells cell NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 132 7 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 132 8 infected infect VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 132 9 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 132 10 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 132 11 supernatants supernatant NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 132 12 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 132 13 harvested harvest VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 132 14 at at IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 132 15 various various JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 132 16 time time NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 132 17 points point NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 132 18 for for IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 132 19 plaque plaque NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 132 20 titration titration NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 132 21 on on IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 132 22 MDCK MDCK NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 132 23 cells cell NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 132 24 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 133 1 The the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 133 2 growth growth NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 133 3 kinetics kinetics NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 133 4 data datum NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 133 5 for for IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 133 6 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 133 7 wild wild JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 133 8 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 133 9 type type NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 133 10 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 133 11 reflect reflect VBP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 133 12 those those DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 133 13 observed observe VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 133 14 previously previously RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 133 15 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 133 16 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 133 17 PR8 PR8 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 133 18 exhibiting exhibit VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 133 19 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 133 20 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 133 21 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 133 22 while while IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 133 23 H6N1 H6N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 133 24 replicated replicate VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 133 25 similarly similarly RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 133 26 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 133 27 both both CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 133 28 MDCK MDCK NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 133 29 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 133 30 MDCK MDCK NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 133 31 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 133 32 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 133 33 cells cell NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 133 34 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 134 1 With with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 134 2 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 134 3 chimeric chimeric JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 134 4 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 134 5 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 134 6 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 134 7 H6N1 H6N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 134 8 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 134 9 was be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 134 10 able able JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 134 11 to to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 134 12 confer confer VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 134 13 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 134 14 resistance resistance NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 134 15 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 134 16 PR8 PR8 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 134 17 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 134 18 while while IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 134 19 H6N1 H6N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 134 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 134 21 PR8 PR8 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 134 22 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 134 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 134 24 was be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 134 25 rendered render VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 134 26 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 134 27 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 134 28 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 134 29 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 135 1 All all RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 135 2 together together RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 135 3 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 135 4 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 135 5 data datum NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 135 6 suggest suggest VBP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 135 7 that that IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 135 8 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 135 9 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 135 10 segment segment NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 135 11 carries carry VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 135 12 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 135 13 determinants determinant NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 135 14 for for IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 135 15 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 135 16 resistance resistance NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 135 17 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 135 18 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 135 19 study study NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 135 20 system system NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 135 21 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 135 22 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 135 23 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 135 24 avian avian JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 135 25 H6N1 H6N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 135 26 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 135 27 antagonizing antagonize VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 135 28 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 135 29 by by IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 135 30 down down RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 135 31 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 135 32 regulating regulate VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 135 33 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 135 34 expression expression NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 135 35 at at IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 135 36 both both CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 135 37 mRNA mrna NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 135 38 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 135 39 protein protein NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 135 40 levels level NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 135 41 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 136 1 Several several JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 136 2 studies study NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 136 3 have have VBP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 136 4 examined examine VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 136 5 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 136 6 impact impact NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 136 7 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 136 8 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 136 9 on on IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 136 10 influenza influenza NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 136 11 virus virus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 136 12 replication replication NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 136 13 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 136 14 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 136 15 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 136 16 handful handful NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 136 17 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 136 18 viral viral JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 136 19 proteins protein NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 136 20 have have VBP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 136 21 been be VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 136 22 proposed propose VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 136 23 as as IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 136 24 possible possible JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 136 25 antagonists antagonist NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 136 26 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 136 27 human human NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 136 28 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 136 29 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 137 1 Given give VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 137 2 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 137 3 zoonotic zoonotic JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 137 4 nature nature NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 137 5 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 137 6 influenza influenza NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 137 7 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 137 8 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 137 9 we -PRON- PRP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 137 10 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 137 11 interested interested JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 137 12 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 137 13 exploring explore VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 137 14 this this DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 137 15 question question NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 137 16 from from IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 137 17 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 137 18 perspective perspective NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 137 19 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 137 20 human human JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 137 21 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 137 22 acting act VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 137 23 as as IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 137 24 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 137 25 cross cross JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 137 26 - - JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 137 27 species species JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 137 28 transmission transmission NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 137 29 barrier barrier NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 137 30 for for IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 137 31 avian avian JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 137 32 influenza influenza NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 137 33 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 137 34 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 138 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 138 2 report report VBP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 138 3 here here RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 138 4 that that IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 138 5 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 138 6 contrary contrary JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 138 7 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 138 8 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 138 9 initial initial JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 138 10 hypothesis hypothesis NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 138 11 that that IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 138 12 low low JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 138 13 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 138 14 avian avian JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 138 15 influenza influenza NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 138 16 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 138 17 incapable incapable JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 138 18 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 138 19 transmission transmission NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 138 20 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 138 21 human human JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 138 22 hosts host NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 138 23 would would MD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 138 24 be be VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 138 25 strongly strongly RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 138 26 restricted restrict VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 138 27 by by IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 138 28 human human NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 138 29 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 138 30 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 138 31 H4N6 H4N6 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 138 32 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 138 33 H6N1 H6N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 138 34 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 138 35 grew grow VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 138 36 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 138 37 robust robust JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 138 38 titers titer NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 138 39 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 138 40 MDCK MDCK NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 138 41 cells cell NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 138 42 constitutively constitutively RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 138 43 expressing express VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 138 44 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 138 45 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 138 46 appeared appear VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 138 47 completely completely RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 138 48 resistant resistant JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 138 49 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 138 50 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 138 51 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 138 52 activity activity NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 138 53 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 139 1 Mechanistically Mechanistically NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 139 2 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 139 3 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 139 4 data datum NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 139 5 suggest suggest VBP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 139 6 that that IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 139 7 this this DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 139 8 resistance resistance NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 139 9 is be VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 139 10 likely likely RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 139 11 conferred confer VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 139 12 by by IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 139 13 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 139 14 drastic drastic JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 139 15 down down NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 139 16 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 139 17 regulation regulation NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 139 18 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 139 19 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 139 20 levels level NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 139 21 by by IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 139 22 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 139 23 avian avian JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 139 24 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 139 25 segment segment NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 139 26 through through IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 139 27 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 139 28 reported report VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 139 29 ability ability NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 139 30 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 139 31 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 139 32 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 139 33 X X NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 139 34 to to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 139 35 mediate mediate VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 139 36 general general JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 139 37 host host NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 139 38 shut shut NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 139 39 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 139 40 off off NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 140 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 140 2 Jagger Jagger NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 140 3 et et NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 140 4 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 140 5 . . NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 140 6 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 140 7 2012 2012 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 140 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 140 9 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 141 1 Before before IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 141 2 discussing discuss VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 141 3 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 141 4 implications implication NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 141 5 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 141 6 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 141 7 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 141 8 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 141 9 associated associate VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 141 10 findings finding NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 141 11 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 141 12 it -PRON- PRP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 141 13 is be VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 141 14 important important JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 141 15 to to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 141 16 note note VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 141 17 that that IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 141 18 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 141 19 H6N1 H6N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 141 20 NS NS NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 141 21 segment segment NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 141 22 also also RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 141 23 exhibited exhibit VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 141 24 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 141 25 ability ability NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 141 26 to to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 141 27 decrease decrease VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 141 28 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 141 29 protein protein NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 141 30 levels level NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 141 31 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 142 1 Unlike unlike IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 142 2 PR8 PR8 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 142 3 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 142 4 this this DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 142 5 H6N1 H6N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 142 6 virus virus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 142 7 contains contain VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 142 8 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 142 9 F103 F103 NNPS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 142 10 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 142 11 M106 M106 NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 142 12 residues residue NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 142 13 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 142 14 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 142 15 NS1 ns1 NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 142 16 protein protein NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 142 17 that that WDT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 142 18 are be VBP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 142 19 associated associate VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 142 20 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 142 21 host host NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 142 22 CPSF30 cpsf30 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 142 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 142 24 30-kDa 30-kda CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 142 25 subunit subunit NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 142 26 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 142 27 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 142 28 cleavage cleavage NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 142 29 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 142 30 polyadenylation polyadenylation NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 142 31 specificity specificity NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 142 32 factor factor NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 142 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 142 34 interaction interaction NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 142 35 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 142 36 NS1-mediated ns1-mediated JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 142 37 host host NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 142 38 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 142 39 shut shut VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 142 40 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 142 41 off off NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 142 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 142 43 Das Das NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 142 44 et et FW cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 142 45 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 142 46 . . NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 142 47 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 142 48 2008 2008 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 142 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 142 50 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 143 1 CPSF30 cpsf30 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 143 2 interaction interaction NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 143 3 may may MD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 143 4 not not RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 143 5 be be VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 143 6 directly directly RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 143 7 related relate VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 143 8 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 143 9 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 143 10 down down IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 143 11 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 143 12 regulation regulation NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 143 13 or or CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 143 14 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 143 15 sole sole JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 143 16 contributor contributor NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 143 17 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 143 18 this this DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 143 19 effect effect NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 143 20 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 143 21 however however RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 143 22 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 143 23 as as IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 143 24 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 143 25 H4N6 H4N6 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 143 26 virus virus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 143 27 also also RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 143 28 carries carry VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 143 29 this this DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 143 30 motif motif NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 143 31 despite despite IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 143 32 having have VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 143 33 an an DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 143 34 NS NS NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 143 35 segment segment NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 143 36 that that WDT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 143 37 did do VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 143 38 not not RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 143 39 decrease decrease VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 143 40 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 143 41 protein protein NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 143 42 levels level NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 143 43 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 144 1 The the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 144 2 H4N6 H4N6 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 144 3 NS1 NS1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 144 4 protein protein NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 144 5 is be VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 144 6 divergent divergent JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 144 7 from from IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 144 8 H6N1 H6N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 144 9 NS1 NS1 NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 144 10 at at IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 144 11 five five CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 144 12 positions position NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 144 13 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 144 14 carrying carry VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 144 15 K20 K20 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 144 16 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 144 17 I129 I129 NNPS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 144 18 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 144 19 I137 I137 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 144 20 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 144 21 A155 A155 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 144 22 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 144 23 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 144 24 S165 S165 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 144 25 instead instead RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 144 26 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 144 27 R20 R20 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 144 28 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 144 29 T129 T129 NNPS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 144 30 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 144 31 N137 n137 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 144 32 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 144 33 V155 V155 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 144 34 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 144 35 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 144 36 F165 F165 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 144 37 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 145 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 145 2 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 145 3 three three CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 145 4 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 145 5 these these DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 145 6 distinct distinct JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 145 7 H4N6 H4N6 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 145 8 NS1 ns1 NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 145 9 residues residue NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 145 10 are be VBP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 145 11 shared share VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 145 12 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 145 13 PR8 PR8 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 145 14 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 145 15 namely namely RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 145 16 those those DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 145 17 at at IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 145 18 positions position NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 145 19 129 129 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 145 20 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 145 21 155 155 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 145 22 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 145 23 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 145 24 165 165 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 145 25 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 146 1 Residue residue NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 146 2 165 165 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 146 3 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 146 4 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 146 5 particular particular JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 146 6 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 146 7 is be VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 146 8 located locate VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 146 9 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 146 10 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 146 11 SH3 SH3 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 146 12 binding bind VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 146 13 motif motif NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 146 14 1 1 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 146 15 that that WDT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 146 16 is be VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 146 17 involved involve VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 146 18 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 146 19 interaction interaction NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 146 20 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 146 21 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 146 22 PI3 PI3 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 146 23 K K NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 146 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 146 25 phosphatidylinositol phosphatidylinositol NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 146 26 3-kinase 3-kinase CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 146 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 146 28 p85β p85β FW cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 146 29 subunit subunit NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 147 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 147 2 Shin Shin NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 147 3 et et NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 147 4 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 147 5 . . NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 147 6 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 147 7 2007 2007 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 147 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 147 9 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 148 1 While while IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 148 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 148 3 did do VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 148 4 not not RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 148 5 extensively extensively RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 148 6 examine examine VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 148 7 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 148 8 role role NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 148 9 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 148 10 NS1 ns1 NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 148 11 nor nor CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 148 12 these these DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 148 13 residues residue NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 148 14 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 148 15 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 148 16 down down JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 148 17 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 148 18 regulation regulation NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 148 19 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 148 20 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 148 21 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 148 22 NS1 NS1 NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 148 23 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 148 24 A a NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 148 25 / / , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 148 26 WSN/33 wsn/33 JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 148 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 148 28 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 148 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 148 30 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 148 31 A A NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 148 32 / / SYM cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 148 33 Texas/36/91 Texas/36/91 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 148 34 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 148 35 previously previously RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 148 36 reported report VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 148 37 to to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 148 38 prevent prevent VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 148 39 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 148 40 induction induction NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 148 41 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 148 42 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 148 43 upon upon IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 148 44 IFN IFN NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 148 45 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 148 46 α α NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 148 47 treatment treatment NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 149 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 149 2 Mangeat Mangeat NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 149 3 et et NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 149 4 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 149 5 . . NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 149 6 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 149 7 2012 2012 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 149 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 149 9 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 150 1 This this DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 150 2 effect effect NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 150 3 is be VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 150 4 not not RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 150 5 evident evident JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 150 6 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 150 7 most most JJS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 150 8 influenza influenza NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 150 9 virus virus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 150 10 - - : cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 150 11 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 150 12 studies study NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 150 13 which which WDT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 150 14 have have VBP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 150 15 focused focus VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 150 16 on on IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 150 17 engineered engineer VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 150 18 cell cell NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 150 19 lines line NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 150 20 constitutively constitutively RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 150 21 expressing express VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 150 22 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 151 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 151 2 Bruce Bruce NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 151 3 et et NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 151 4 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 151 5 . . NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 151 6 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 151 7 2012 2012 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 151 8 ; ; : cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 151 9 Winkler Winkler NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 151 10 et et NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 151 11 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 151 12 . . NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 151 13 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 151 14 2012 2012 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 151 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 151 16 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 152 1 Even even RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 152 2 so so RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 152 3 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 152 4 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 152 5 data datum NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 152 6 revealed reveal VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 152 7 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 152 8 strain strain NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 152 9 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 152 10 specific specific JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 152 11 ability ability NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 152 12 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 152 13 NS1 ns1 NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 152 14 to to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 152 15 decrease decrease VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 152 16 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 152 17 levels level NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 152 18 during during IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 152 19 infection infection NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 152 20 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 152 21 such such PDT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 152 22 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 152 23 cell cell NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 152 24 line line NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 152 25 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 152 26 supporting support VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 152 27 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 152 28 diversity diversity NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 152 29 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 152 30 NS1 ns1 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 152 31 functionality functionality NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 152 32 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 152 33 modulating modulate VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 152 34 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 152 35 host host NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 152 36 innate innate JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 152 37 immune immune JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 152 38 response response NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 152 39 beyond beyond IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 152 40 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 152 41 role role NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 152 42 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 152 43 IFN IFN NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 152 44 suppression suppression NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 152 45 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 153 1 The the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 153 2 other other JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 153 3 products product NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 153 4 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 153 5 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 153 6 NS NS NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 153 7 segment segment NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 153 8 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 153 9 NEP NEP NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 153 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 153 11 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 153 12 export export NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 153 13 protein protein NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 153 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 153 15 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 153 16 NS3 ns3 RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 153 17 are be VBP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 153 18 unlikely unlikely JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 153 19 to to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 153 20 be be VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 153 21 associated associate VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 153 22 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 153 23 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 153 24 observed observed JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 153 25 impact impact NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 153 26 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 153 27 H6N1 H6N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 153 28 NS NS NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 153 29 on on IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 153 30 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 153 31 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 153 32 however however RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 153 33 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 154 1 The the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 154 2 NS3 ns3 RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 154 3 splicing splicing NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 154 4 motif motif NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 154 5 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 154 6 an an DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 154 7 A a NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 154 8 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 154 9 G g NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 154 10 mutation mutation NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 154 11 at at IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 154 12 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 154 13 position position NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 154 14 374 374 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 154 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 154 16 Selman Selman NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 154 17 et et NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 154 18 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 154 19 . . NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 154 20 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 154 21 2012 2012 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 154 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 154 23 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 154 24 is be VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 154 25 not not RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 154 26 present present JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 154 27 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 154 28 any any DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 154 29 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 154 30 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 154 31 three three CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 154 32 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 154 33 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 154 34 while while IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 154 35 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 154 36 NEP NEP NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 154 37 protein protein NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 154 38 sequence sequence NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 154 39 is be VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 154 40 perfectly perfectly RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 154 41 conserved conserve VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 154 42 between between IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 154 43 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 154 44 H4N6 H4N6 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 154 45 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 154 46 H6N1 H6N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 154 47 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 154 48 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 1 Additionally additionally RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 2 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 3 while while IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 4 we -PRON- PRP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 5 focused focus VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 6 primarily primarily RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 7 on on IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 8 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 9 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 10 segment segment NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 11 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 12 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 13 results result NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 14 do do VBP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 15 not not RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 16 rule rule VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 17 out out RP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 18 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 19 possibility possibility NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 20 that that IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 21 other other JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 22 viral viral JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 23 proteins protein NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 24 encoded encode VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 25 on on IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 26 two two CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 27 or or CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 28 more more JJR cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 29 segments segment NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 30 may may MD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 31 work work VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 32 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 33 concert concert NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 34 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 35 order order NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 36 to to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 37 effect effect VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 38 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 39 decrease decrease NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 40 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 41 as as IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 42 previously previously RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 43 seen see VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 44 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 45 NA NA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 46 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 47 HA HA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 48 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 49 Gnirss Gnirss NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 50 et et NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 51 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 52 . . NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 53 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 54 2015 2015 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 55 ; ; : cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 56 Hu Hu NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 57 et et FW cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 58 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 59 . . NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 60 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 61 2015 2015 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 62 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 155 63 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 156 1 Neither neither DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 156 2 do do VBP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 156 3 these these DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 156 4 results result NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 156 5 discount discount VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 156 6 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 156 7 presence presence NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 156 8 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 156 9 other other JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 156 10 anti anti JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 156 11 - - JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 156 12 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 156 13 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 156 14 involved involve VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 156 15 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 156 16 sequestering sequester VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 156 17 or or CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 156 18 altering alter VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 156 19 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 156 20 localization localization NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 156 21 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 156 22 which which WDT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 156 23 would would MD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 156 24 thereby thereby RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 156 25 decrease decrease VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 156 26 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 156 27 impact impact NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 156 28 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 156 29 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 156 30 on on IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 156 31 influenza influenza NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 156 32 virus virus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 156 33 replication replication NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 156 34 through through IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 156 35 means mean NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 156 36 other other JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 156 37 than than IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 156 38 direct direct JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 156 39 down down JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 156 40 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 156 41 regulation regulation NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 156 42 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 156 43 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 156 44 expression expression NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 156 45 as as IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 156 46 assessed assess VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 156 47 by by IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 156 48 mRNA mrna NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 156 49 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 156 50 protein protein NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 156 51 levels level NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 156 52 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 157 1 Early early RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 157 2 on on RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 157 3 during during IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 157 4 this this DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 157 5 work work NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 157 6 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 157 7 we -PRON- PRP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 157 8 hypothesized hypothesize VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 157 9 that that IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 157 10 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 157 11 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 157 12 X X NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 157 13 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 157 14 first first RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 157 15 described describe VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 157 16 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 157 17 2012 2012 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 157 18 by by IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 157 19 Jagger Jagger NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 157 20 et et NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 157 21 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 157 22 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 157 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 157 24 2012 2012 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 157 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 157 26 as as IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 157 27 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 157 28 frameshift frameshift NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 157 29 product product NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 157 30 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 157 31 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 157 32 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 157 33 gene gene NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 157 34 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 157 35 endonuclease endonuclease NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 157 36 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 157 37 host host NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 157 38 shut shut VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 157 39 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 157 40 off off RP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 157 41 activity activity NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 157 42 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 157 43 might may MD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 157 44 be be VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 157 45 responsible responsible JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 157 46 for for IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 157 47 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 157 48 down down IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 157 49 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 157 50 regulation regulation NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 157 51 as as IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 157 52 both both CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 157 53 protein protein NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 157 54 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 157 55 mRNA mrna NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 157 56 levels level NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 157 57 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 157 58 affected affect VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 157 59 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 158 1 Indeed indeed RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 158 2 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 158 3 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 158 4 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 158 5 transfection transfection NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 158 6 studies study NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 158 7 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 158 8 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 158 9 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 158 10 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 158 11 X X NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 158 12 ORF ORF NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 158 13 appears appear VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 158 14 to to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 158 15 be be VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 158 16 strongly strongly RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 158 17 involved involve VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 158 18 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 158 19 mediating mediate VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 158 20 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 158 21 decrease decrease NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 158 22 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 158 23 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 158 24 expression expression NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 158 25 levels level NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 158 26 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 159 1 This this DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 159 2 effect effect NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 159 3 was be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 159 4 likely likely JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 159 5 due due IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 159 6 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 159 7 endonuclease endonuclease NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 159 8 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 159 9 mediated mediate VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 159 10 cleavage cleavage NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 159 11 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 159 12 RNA RNA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 159 13 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 159 14 preventing prevent VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 159 15 protein protein NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 159 16 translation translation NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 159 17 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 160 1 Likewise likewise RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 160 2 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 160 3 decreases decrease VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 160 4 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 160 5 both both DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 160 6 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 160 7 mRNA mrna NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 160 8 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 160 9 protein protein NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 160 10 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 160 11 observed observe VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 160 12 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 160 13 infected infected JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 160 14 cells cell NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 160 15 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 161 1 Suppression suppression NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 161 2 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 161 3 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 162 1 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 163 1 during during IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 163 2 infection infection NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 163 3 that that WDT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 163 4 has have VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 163 5 previously previously RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 163 6 been be VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 163 7 reported report VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 163 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 163 9 Mangeat Mangeat NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 163 10 et et NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 163 11 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 163 12 . . NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 163 13 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 163 14 2012 2012 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 163 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 163 16 could could MD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 163 17 likely likely RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 163 18 also also RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 163 19 be be VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 163 20 explained explain VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 163 21 by by IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 163 22 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 163 23 effect effect NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 163 24 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 163 25 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 163 26 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 163 27 segment segment NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 163 28 as as RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 163 29 well well RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 163 30 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 164 1 However however RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 164 2 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 164 3 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 164 4 interpretation interpretation NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 164 5 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 164 6 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 164 7 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 164 8 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 164 9 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 164 10 X X NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 164 11 ORF ORF NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 164 12 involvement involvement NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 164 13 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 164 14 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 164 15 down down IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 164 16 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 164 17 regulation regulation NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 164 18 changes change NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 164 19 slightly slightly RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 164 20 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 164 21 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 164 22 context context NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 164 23 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 164 24 infection infection NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 164 25 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 164 26 as as IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 164 27 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 164 28 is be VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 164 29 pre pre JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 164 30 - - VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 164 31 expressed express VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 164 32 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 164 33 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 164 34 MDCK MDCK NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 164 35 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 164 36 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 164 37 cell cell NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 164 38 line line NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 164 39 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 165 1 The the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 165 2 ability ability NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 165 3 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 165 4 H4N6 H4N6 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 165 5 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 165 6 H6N1 H6N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 165 7 infection infection NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 165 8 to to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 165 9 reduce reduce VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 165 10 both both DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 165 11 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 165 12 mRNA mrna NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 165 13 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 165 14 protein protein NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 165 15 levels level NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 165 16 suggest suggest VBP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 165 17 that that IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 165 18 there there EX cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 165 19 is be VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 165 20 either either CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 165 21 post post JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 165 22 - - JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 165 23 translational translational JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 165 24 down down NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 165 25 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 165 26 regulation regulation NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 165 27 or or CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 165 28 extremely extremely RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 165 29 rapid rapid JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 165 30 turnover turnover NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 165 31 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 165 32 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 165 33 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 165 34 or or CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 165 35 both both DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 165 36 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 166 1 If if IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 166 2 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 166 3 former former JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 166 4 effect effect NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 166 5 is be VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 166 6 indeed indeed RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 166 7 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 166 8 case case NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 166 9 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 166 10 it -PRON- PRP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 166 11 would would MD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 166 12 be be VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 166 13 interesting interesting JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 166 14 to to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 166 15 map map VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 166 16 out out RP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 166 17 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 166 18 mechanism mechanism NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 166 19 by by IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 166 20 which which WDT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 166 21 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 166 22 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 166 23 X X NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 166 24 may may MD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 166 25 have have VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 166 26 exerted exert VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 166 27 such such PDT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 166 28 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 166 29 dramatic dramatic JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 166 30 effect effect NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 166 31 on on IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 166 32 protein protein NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 166 33 stability stability NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 166 34 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 167 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 167 2 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 167 3 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 167 4 infection infection NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 167 5 studies study NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 167 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 167 7 Figs fig NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 167 8 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 167 9 2 2 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 167 10 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 167 11 5 5 LS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 167 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 167 13 show show VBP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 167 14 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 167 15 distinct distinct JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 167 16 difference difference NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 167 17 between between IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 167 18 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 167 19 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 167 20 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 167 21 protein protein NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 167 22 levels level NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 167 23 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 167 24 PR8-infected pr8-infected JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 167 25 cells cell NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 167 26 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 167 27 where where WRB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 167 28 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 167 29 levels level NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 167 30 are be VBP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 167 31 decreased decrease VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 167 32 but but CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 167 33 protein protein NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 167 34 levels level NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 167 35 are be VBP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 167 36 not not RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 167 37 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 168 1 This this DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 168 2 suggests suggest VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 168 3 that that IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 168 4 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 168 5 endonuclease endonuclease NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 168 6 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 168 7 protein protein NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 168 8 down down IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 168 9 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 168 10 regulation regulation NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 168 11 activities activity NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 168 12 may may MD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 168 13 be be VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 168 14 distinct distinct JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 168 15 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 169 1 Alternatively alternatively RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 169 2 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 169 3 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 169 4 impact impact NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 169 5 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 169 6 mRNA mRNA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 169 7 degradation degradation NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 169 8 may may MD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 169 9 be be VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 169 10 amplified amplify VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 169 11 at at IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 169 12 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 169 13 certain certain JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 169 14 threshold threshold NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 169 15 due due IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 169 16 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 169 17 high high JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 169 18 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 169 19 turnover turnover NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 169 20 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 170 1 In in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 170 2 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 170 3 transfection transfection NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 170 4 experiments experiment NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 170 5 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 170 6 mutant mutant JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 170 7 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 170 8 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 170 9 we -PRON- PRP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 170 10 found find VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 170 11 that that IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 170 12 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 170 13 H6N1 H6N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 170 14 wild wild JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 170 15 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 170 16 type type NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 170 17 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 170 18 exhibited exhibit VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 170 19 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 170 20 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 170 21 restriction restriction NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 170 22 phenotype phenotype NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 170 23 similar similar JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 170 24 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 170 25 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 170 26 ΔC ΔC NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 170 27 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 170 28 mutant mutant NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 170 29 which which WDT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 170 30 expresses express VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 170 31 only only RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 170 32 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 170 33 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 170 34 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 170 35 X X NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 170 36 ORF ORF NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 170 37 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 170 38 whereas whereas IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 170 39 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 170 40 PR8 PR8 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 170 41 wild wild JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 170 42 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 170 43 type type NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 170 44 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 170 45 phenotype phenotype NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 170 46 was be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 170 47 reflected reflect VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 170 48 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 170 49 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 170 50 FS FS NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 170 51 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 170 52 mutant mutant NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 170 53 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 171 1 These these DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 171 2 observations observation NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 171 3 suggest suggest VBP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 171 4 that that IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 171 5 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 171 6 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 171 7 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 171 8 X X NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 171 9 ORF ORF NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 171 10 may may MD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 171 11 be be VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 171 12 fundamentally fundamentally RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 171 13 different different JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 171 14 between between IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 171 15 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 171 16 two two CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 171 17 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 171 18 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 172 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 172 2 is be VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 172 3 possible possible JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 172 4 that that IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 172 5 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 172 6 H6N1 H6N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 172 7 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 172 8 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 172 9 X x NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 172 10 protein protein NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 172 11 is be VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 172 12 expressed express VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 172 13 at at IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 172 14 very very RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 172 15 high high JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 172 16 levels level NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 172 17 from from IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 172 18 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 172 19 wild wild JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 172 20 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 172 21 type type NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 172 22 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 172 23 gene gene NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 172 24 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 172 25 similar similar JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 172 26 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 172 27 that that DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 172 28 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 172 29 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 172 30 ΔC ΔC NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 172 31 mutant mutant NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 172 32 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 173 1 This this DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 173 2 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 173 3 turn turn NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 173 4 implies imply VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 173 5 that that IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 173 6 expression expression NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 173 7 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 173 8 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 173 9 full full JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 173 10 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 173 11 length length NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 173 12 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 173 13 protein protein NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 173 14 itself -PRON- PRP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 173 15 may may MD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 173 16 suffer suffer VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 173 17 as as IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 173 18 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 173 19 result result NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 173 20 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 173 21 due due IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 173 22 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 173 23 higher high JJR cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 173 24 rates rate NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 173 25 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 173 26 ribosomal ribosomal JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 173 27 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 173 28 during during IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 173 29 translation translation NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 173 30 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 174 1 In in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 174 2 other other JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 174 3 words word NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 174 4 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 174 5 H6N1 H6N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 174 6 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 174 7 PR8 PR8 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 174 8 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 174 9 may may MD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 174 10 differ differ VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 174 11 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 174 12 frameshifting frameshifte VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 174 13 rates rate NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 174 14 as as IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 174 15 determined determine VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 174 16 by by IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 174 17 factors factor NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 174 18 outside outside IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 174 19 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 174 20 identified identify VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 174 21 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 174 22 highly highly RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 174 23 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 174 24 conserved conserve VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 174 25 frameshift frameshift NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 174 26 motif motif NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 174 27 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 175 1 Alternatively alternatively RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 175 2 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 175 3 activity activity NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 175 4 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 175 5 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 175 6 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 175 7 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 175 8 X X NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 175 9 may may MD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 175 10 be be VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 175 11 different different JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 175 12 despite despite IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 175 13 neither neither CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 175 14 having have VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 175 15 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 175 16 truncated truncated JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 175 17 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 175 18 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 175 19 X X NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 175 20 associated associate VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 175 21 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 175 22 changes change NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 175 23 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 175 24 protein protein NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 175 25 activity activity NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 176 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 176 2 Bavagnoli Bavagnoli NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 176 3 et et NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 176 4 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 176 5 . . NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 176 6 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 176 7 2015 2015 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 176 8 ; ; : cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 176 9 Gao Gao NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 176 10 et et NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 176 11 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 176 12 . . NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 176 13 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 176 14 2015 2015 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 176 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 176 16 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 177 1 The the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 177 2 significance significance NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 177 3 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 177 4 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 177 5 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 177 6 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 177 7 X X NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 177 8 ORF ORF NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 177 9 was be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 177 10 further further RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 177 11 highlighted highlight VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 177 12 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 177 13 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 177 14 attempts attempt NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 177 15 to to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 177 16 rescue rescue VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 177 17 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 177 18 H4N6 H4N6 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 177 19 virus virus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 177 20 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 178 1 This this DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 178 2 virus virus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 178 3 was be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 178 4 not not RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 178 5 used use VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 178 6 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 178 7 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 178 8 later later JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 178 9 viral viral JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 178 10 mutagenesis mutagenesis NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 178 11 studies study NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 178 12 because because IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 178 13 we -PRON- PRP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 178 14 could could MD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 178 15 not not RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 178 16 rescue rescue VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 178 17 it -PRON- PRP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 178 18 through through IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 178 19 reverse reverse JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 178 20 genetics genetic NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 178 21 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 178 22 MDCK MDCK NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 178 23 cells cell NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 178 24 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 179 1 Intriguingly intriguingly RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 179 2 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 179 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 179 4 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 179 5 able able JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 179 6 to to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 179 7 successfully successfully RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 179 8 rescue rescue VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 179 9 one one CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 179 10 virus virus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 179 11 : : : cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 179 12 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 179 13 H4N6 H4N6 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 179 14 FS FS NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 179 15 mutant mutant NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 179 16 carrying carry VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 179 17 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 179 18 frameshift frameshift NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 179 19 motif motif NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 179 20 mutation mutation NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 179 21 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 179 22 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 179 23 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 179 24 gene gene NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 179 25 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 179 26 shown show VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 179 27 previously previously RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 179 28 to to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 179 29 decrease decrease VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 179 30 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 179 31 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 179 32 X x NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 179 33 expression expression NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 180 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 180 2 Jagger Jagger NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 180 3 et et NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 180 4 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 180 5 . . NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 180 6 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 180 7 2012 2012 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 180 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 180 9 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 181 1 That that IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 181 2 this this DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 181 3 mutation mutation NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 181 4 was be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 181 5 able able JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 181 6 to to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 181 7 render render VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 181 8 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 181 9 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 181 10 H4N6 H4N6 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 181 11 virus virus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 181 12 rescuable rescuable NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 181 13 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 181 14 cell cell NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 181 15 culture culture NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 181 16 suggests suggest VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 181 17 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 181 18 role role NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 181 19 for for IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 181 20 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 181 21 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 181 22 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 181 23 X X NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 181 24 ORF ORF NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 181 25 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 181 26 modulating modulate VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 181 27 viral viral JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 181 28 growth growth NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 181 29 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 182 1 Indeed indeed RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 182 2 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 182 3 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 182 4 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 182 5 X X NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 182 6 has have VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 182 7 been be VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 182 8 described describe VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 182 9 to to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 182 10 suppress suppress VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 182 11 viral viral JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 182 12 polymerase polymerase NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 182 13 activity activity NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 182 14 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 182 15 certain certain JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 182 16 contexts contexts NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 183 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 183 2 Gong Gong NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 183 3 et et FW cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 183 4 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 183 5 . . NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 183 6 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 183 7 2017 2017 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 183 8 ; ; . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 184 1 Hu Hu NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 184 2 et et FW cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 184 3 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 184 4 . . NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 184 5 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 184 6 2015 2015 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 184 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 184 8 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 184 9 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 184 10 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 184 11 loss loss NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 184 12 was be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 184 13 accordingly accordingly RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 184 14 associated associate VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 184 15 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 184 16 increased increase VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 184 17 viral viral JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 184 18 replication replication NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 184 19 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 184 20 both both DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 184 21 tissue tissue NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 184 22 culture culture NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 184 23 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 184 24 infected infected JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 184 25 animals animal NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 184 26 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 185 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 185 2 is be VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 185 3 tempting tempt VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 185 4 to to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 185 5 speculate speculate VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 185 6 that that IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 185 7 this this DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 185 8 shifting shifting NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 185 9 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 185 10 balance balance NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 185 11 between between IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 185 12 polymerase polymerase NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 185 13 activity activity NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 185 14 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 185 15 host host NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 185 16 shut shut NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 185 17 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 185 18 off off NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 185 19 may may MD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 185 20 play play VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 185 21 some some DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 185 22 role role NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 185 23 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 185 24 host host NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 185 25 tropism tropism NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 185 26 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 185 27 cross cross JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 185 28 - - JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 185 29 species species JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 185 30 transmission transmission NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 185 31 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 186 1 A a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 186 2 recent recent JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 186 3 publication publication NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 186 4 by by IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 186 5 Hu Hu NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 186 6 et et FW cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 186 7 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 186 8 . . NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 186 9 describes describe VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 186 10 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 186 11 very very RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 186 12 similar similar JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 186 13 study study NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 186 14 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 186 15 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 186 16 work work NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 186 17 we -PRON- PRP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 186 18 have have VBP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 186 19 reported report VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 186 20 here here RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 187 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 187 2 Hu Hu NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 187 3 et et FW cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 187 4 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 187 5 . . NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 187 6 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 187 7 2017 2017 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 187 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 187 9 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 188 1 From from IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 188 2 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 188 3 observation observation NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 188 4 that that IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 188 5 infection infection NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 188 6 by by IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 188 7 A a NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 188 8 / / SYM cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 188 9 WSN/33 wsn/33 JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 188 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 188 11 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 188 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 188 13 reduced reduce VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 188 14 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 188 15 levels level NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 188 16 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 188 17 they -PRON- PRP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 188 18 assessed assess VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 188 19 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 188 20 major major JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 188 21 viral viral JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 188 22 proteins protein NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 188 23 individually individually RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 188 24 for for IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 188 25 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 188 26 effect effect NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 188 27 on on IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 188 28 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 188 29 expression expression NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 188 30 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 188 31 identified identify VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 188 32 M2 M2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 188 33 as as IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 188 34 responsible responsible JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 188 35 for for IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 188 36 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 188 37 down down IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 188 38 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 188 39 regulation regulation NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 188 40 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 189 1 While while IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 189 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 189 3 did do VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 189 4 not not RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 189 5 specifically specifically RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 189 6 separate separate VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 189 7 M1 M1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 189 8 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 189 9 M2 m2 JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 189 10 expression expression NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 189 11 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 189 12 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 189 13 study study NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 189 14 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 189 15 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 189 16 M M NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 189 17 segments segment NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 189 18 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 189 19 PR8 PR8 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 189 20 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 189 21 H4N6 H4N6 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 189 22 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 189 23 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 189 24 H6N1 H6N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 189 25 as as IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 189 26 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 189 27 whole whole NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 189 28 did do VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 189 29 not not RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 189 30 confer confer VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 189 31 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 189 32 down down IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 189 33 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 189 34 regulation regulation NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 189 35 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 190 1 Similarly similarly RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 190 2 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 190 3 Bruce Bruce NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 190 4 et et NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 190 5 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 190 6 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 191 1 tested test VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 191 2 M2-deficient M2-deficient NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 191 3 PR8 PR8 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 191 4 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 191 5 found find VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 191 6 that that IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 191 7 loss loss NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 191 8 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 191 9 M2 M2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 191 10 did do VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 191 11 not not RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 191 12 notably notably RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 191 13 affect affect VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 191 14 alter alter VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 191 15 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 191 16 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 191 17 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 191 18 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 192 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 192 2 Bruce Bruce NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 192 3 et et NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 192 4 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 192 5 . . NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 192 6 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 192 7 2012 2012 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 192 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 192 9 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 193 1 On on IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 193 2 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 193 3 other other JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 193 4 hand hand NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 193 5 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 193 6 Hu Hu NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 193 7 et et FW cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 193 8 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 193 9 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 193 10 did do VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 193 11 not not RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 193 12 observe observe VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 193 13 any any DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 193 14 impact impact NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 193 15 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 193 16 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 193 17 on on IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 193 18 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 193 19 levels level NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 193 20 ; ; : cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 193 21 this this DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 193 22 indicates indicate VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 193 23 that that IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 193 24 A/ A/ NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 193 25 WSN/33 WSN/33 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 193 26 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 193 27 may may MD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 193 28 be be VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 193 29 similar similar JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 193 30 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 193 31 that that DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 193 32 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 193 33 PR8 PR8 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 193 34 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 193 35 whose whose WP$ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 193 36 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 193 37 also also RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 193 38 lacks lack VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 193 39 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 193 40 activity activity NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 193 41 seen see VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 193 42 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 193 43 H4N6 H4N6 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 193 44 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 193 45 H6N1 H6N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 193 46 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 193 47 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 194 1 These these DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 194 2 disparate disparate NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 194 3 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 194 4 seemingly seemingly RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 194 5 contradictory contradictory JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 194 6 results result NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 194 7 actually actually RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 194 8 point point VBP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 194 9 towards towards IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 194 10 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 194 11 single single JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 194 12 conclusion conclusion NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 194 13 - - : cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 194 14 that that IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 194 15 influenza influenza NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 194 16 A a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 194 17 resistance resistance NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 194 18 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 194 19 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 194 20 antagonism antagonism NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 194 21 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 194 22 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 194 23 is be VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 194 24 strain strain NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 194 25 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 194 26 specific specific JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 194 27 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 194 28 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 194 29 that that IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 194 30 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 194 31 role role NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 194 32 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 194 33 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 194 34 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 194 35 segment segment NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 194 36 may may MD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 194 37 possibly possibly RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 194 38 be be VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 194 39 associated associate VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 194 40 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 194 41 low low JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 194 42 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 194 43 avian avian JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 194 44 strains strain NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 194 45 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 195 1 Overall overall RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 195 2 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 195 3 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 195 4 data datum NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 195 5 further far RBR cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 195 6 elaborate elaborate JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 195 7 upon upon IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 195 8 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 195 9 interaction interaction NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 195 10 between between IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 195 11 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 195 12 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 195 13 protein protein NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 195 14 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 195 15 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 195 16 influenza influenza NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 195 17 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 195 18 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 196 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 196 2 identified identify VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 196 3 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 196 4 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 196 5 segment segment NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 196 6 as as IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 196 7 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 196 8 species species NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 196 9 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 196 10 specific specific JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 196 11 determinant determinant NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 196 12 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 196 13 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 196 14 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 196 15 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 196 16 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 196 17 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 196 18 those those DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 196 19 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 196 20 low low JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 196 21 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 196 22 avian avian JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 196 23 influenza influenza NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 196 24 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 196 25 exhibiting exhibit VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 196 26 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 196 27 ability ability NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 196 28 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 196 29 down down RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 196 30 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 196 31 regulate regulate VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 196 32 human human NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 196 33 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 196 34 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 196 35 both both CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 196 36 transfection transfection NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 196 37 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 196 38 infection infection NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 196 39 contexts context NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 196 40 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 197 1 That that IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 197 2 such such JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 197 3 drastic drastic JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 197 4 impact impact NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 197 5 was be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 197 6 seen see VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 197 7 even even RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 197 8 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 197 9 high high JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 197 10 levels level NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 197 11 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 197 12 preexpressed preexpressed JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 197 13 protein protein NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 197 14 that that WDT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 197 15 can can MD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 197 16 not not RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 197 17 be be VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 197 18 controlled control VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 197 19 pre pre JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 197 20 - - NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 197 21 translationally translationally RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 197 22 by by IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 197 23 NS1 NS1 NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 197 24 suggests suggest VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 197 25 that that IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 197 26 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 197 27 does do VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 197 28 not not RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 197 29 necessarily necessarily RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 197 30 act act VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 197 31 as as IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 197 32 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 197 33 cross cross NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 197 34 - - JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 197 35 species species JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 197 36 barrier barrier NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 197 37 for for IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 197 38 transmission transmission NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 197 39 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 197 40 low low JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 197 41 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 197 42 avian avian JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 197 43 influenza influenza NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 197 44 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 197 45 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 197 46 humans human NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 197 47 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 198 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 198 2 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 198 3 as as IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 198 4 these these DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 198 5 effects effect NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 198 6 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 198 7 surprisingly surprisingly RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 198 8 not not RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 198 9 observed observed JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 198 10 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 198 11 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 198 12 same same JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 198 13 extent extent NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 198 14 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 198 15 tested test VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 198 16 human human JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 198 17 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 198 18 human human NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 198 19 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 198 20 derived derive VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 198 21 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 198 22 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 198 23 we -PRON- PRP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 198 24 hypothesize hypothesize VBP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 198 25 that that IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 198 26 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 198 27 avian avian JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 198 28 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 198 29 segment segment NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 198 30 may may MD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 198 31 exhibit exhibit VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 198 32 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 198 33 different different JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 198 34 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 198 35 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 198 36 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 198 37 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 198 38 X x NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 198 39 balance balance NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 198 40 that that WDT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 198 41 would would MD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 198 42 translate translate VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 198 43 into into IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 198 44 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 198 45 disproportionately disproportionately RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 198 46 large large JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 198 47 impact impact NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 198 48 on on IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 198 49 balancing balance VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 198 50 host host NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 198 51 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 198 52 shut shut VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 198 53 off off RP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 198 54 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 198 55 viral viral JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 198 56 replication replication NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 198 57 compared compare VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 198 58 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 198 59 human human JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 198 60 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 198 61 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 199 1 Human human JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 199 2 embryonic embryonic JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 199 3 kidney kidney NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 199 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 199 5 HEK HEK NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 199 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 199 7 293 293 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 199 8 T T NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 199 9 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 199 10 Madin Madin NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 199 11 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 199 12 Darby Darby NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 199 13 canine canine JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 199 14 kidney kidney NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 199 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 199 16 MDCK MDCK NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 199 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 199 18 cells cell NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 199 19 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 199 20 maintained maintain VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 199 21 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 199 22 Opti Opti NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 199 23 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 199 24 MEM mem NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 199 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 199 26 Life Life NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 199 27 Technologies Technologies NNPS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 199 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 199 29 supplemented supplement VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 199 30 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 199 31 10 10 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 199 32 % % NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 199 33 fetal fetal JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 199 34 bovine bovine JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 199 35 serum serum NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 199 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 199 37 FBS FBS NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 199 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 199 39 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 200 1 Cells cell NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 200 2 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 200 3 passaged passage VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 200 4 twice twice RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 200 5 weekly weekly RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 200 6 by by IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 200 7 detaching detach VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 200 8 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 200 9 0.25 0.25 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 200 10 % % NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 200 11 trypsin trypsin NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 200 12 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 200 13 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 200 14 kept keep VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 200 15 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 200 16 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 200 17 37 37 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 200 18 ° ° NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 200 19 C c NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 200 20 incubator incubator NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 200 21 at at IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 200 22 5 5 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 200 23 % % NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 200 24 CO co NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 200 25 2 2 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 200 26 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 201 1 Influenza influenza NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 201 2 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 201 3 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 201 4 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 201 5 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 201 6 proteins protein NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 201 7 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 201 8 studied study VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 201 9 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 201 10 this this DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 201 11 work work NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 201 12 comprise comprise VBP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 201 13 A A NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 201 14 / / SYM cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 201 15 Puerto Puerto NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 201 16 Rico/8/34 Rico/8/34 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 201 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 201 18 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 201 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 201 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 201 21 PR8 PR8 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 201 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 201 23 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 201 24 A a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 201 25 / / SYM cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 201 26 duck duck NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 201 27 / / SYM cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 201 28 Hong Hong NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 201 29 Kong/365/78 kong/365/78 NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 201 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 201 31 H4N6 H4N6 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 201 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 201 33 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 201 34 gifts gift NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 201 35 from from IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 201 36 Dr. Dr. NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 201 37 Robert Robert NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 201 38 G. G. NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 201 39 Webster Webster NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 201 40 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 202 1 St. St. NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 202 2 Jude Jude NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 202 3 Children Children NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 202 4 's 's POS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 202 5 Research Research NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 202 6 Hospital Hospital NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 202 7 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 202 8 Tennessee Tennessee NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 202 9 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 202 10 USA USA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 203 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 203 2 Hoffmann Hoffmann NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 203 3 et et NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 203 4 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 203 5 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 204 1 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 204 2 2000 2000 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 204 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 204 4 _SP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 205 1 The the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 205 2 human human NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 205 3 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 205 4 coding code VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 205 5 sequence sequence NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 205 6 was be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 205 7 amplified amplify VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 205 8 from from IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 205 9 pHW phw XX cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 205 10 - - : cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 205 11 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 205 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 205 13 Narkpuk Narkpuk NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 205 14 et et NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 205 15 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 205 16 . . NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 205 17 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 205 18 2014 2014 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 205 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 205 20 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 205 21 primers primer NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 205 22 carrying carry VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 205 23 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 205 24 BamHI bamhi NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 205 25 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 205 26 NotI NotI NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 205 27 restriction restriction NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 205 28 sites site NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 205 29 for for IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 205 30 cloning clone VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 205 31 into into IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 205 32 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 205 33 lentiviral lentiviral JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 205 34 vector vector NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 205 35 pSIN psin NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 205 36 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 205 37 CSGW CSGW NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 205 38 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 205 39 UbEm UbEm NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 205 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 205 41 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 205 42 gift gift NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 205 43 from from IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 205 44 Dr. Dr. NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 205 45 Yasuhiro Yasuhiro NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 205 46 Ikeda Ikeda NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 205 47 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 205 48 Mayo Mayo NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 205 49 Clinic Clinic NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 205 50 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 205 51 Minnesota Minnesota NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 205 52 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 205 53 USA USA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 205 54 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 205 55 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 206 1 HEK293 HEK293 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 206 2 T t NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 206 3 cells cell NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 206 4 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 206 5 transfected transfecte VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 206 6 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 206 7 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 206 8 lentiviral lentiviral JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 206 9 vector vector NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 206 10 along along IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 206 11 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 206 12 VSV VSV NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 206 13 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 206 14 G G NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 206 15 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 206 16 expressing express VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 206 17 pMD pmd NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 206 18 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 206 19 G g NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 206 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 206 21 Naldini Naldini NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 206 22 et et NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 206 23 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 206 24 . . NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 206 25 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 206 26 1996 1996 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 206 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 206 28 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 206 29 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 206 30 packaging packaging NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 206 31 plasmid plasmid NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 206 32 pCMV pcmv NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 206 33 - - : cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 206 34 ΔR8.91 ΔR8.91 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 206 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 206 36 Zufferey Zufferey NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 206 37 et et NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 206 38 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 206 39 . . NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 206 40 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 206 41 1997 1997 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 206 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 206 43 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 206 44 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 206 45 supernatants supernatant NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 206 46 containing contain VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 206 47 lentiviral lentiviral NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 206 48 particles particle NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 206 49 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 206 50 harvested harvest VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 206 51 48 48 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 206 52 h h NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 206 53 post post NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 206 54 - - NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 206 55 transfection transfection NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 206 56 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 207 1 The the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 207 2 supernatants supernatant NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 207 3 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 207 4 clarified clarify VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 207 5 by by IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 207 6 centrifugation centrifugation NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 207 7 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 207 8 used use VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 207 9 to to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 207 10 infect infect VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 207 11 MDCK MDCK NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 207 12 cells cell NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 207 13 seeded seed VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 207 14 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 207 15 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 207 16 60-mm 60-mm CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 207 17 dish dish NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 207 18 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 208 1 Polybrene Polybrene NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 208 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 208 3 Sigma Sigma NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 208 4 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 208 5 Aldrich Aldrich NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 208 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 208 7 was be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 208 8 added add VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 208 9 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 208 10 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 208 11 infectious infectious JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 208 12 supernatant supernatant NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 208 13 at at IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 208 14 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 208 15 concentration concentration NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 208 16 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 208 17 8 8 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 208 18 μg μg NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 208 19 / / SYM cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 208 20 mL. mL. NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 208 21 Single single JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 208 22 clones clone NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 208 23 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 208 24 transduced transduce VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 208 25 MDCK MDCK NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 208 26 cells cell NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 208 27 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 208 28 prepared prepared JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 208 29 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 208 30 expression expression NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 208 31 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 208 32 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 208 33 by by IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 208 34 these these DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 208 35 clones clone NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 208 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 208 37 MDCK MDCK NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 208 38 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 208 39 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 208 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 208 41 was be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 208 42 verified verify VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 208 43 by by IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 208 44 western western JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 208 45 blotting blotting NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 208 46 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 209 1 MDCK MDCK NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 209 2 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 209 3 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 209 4 cells cell NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 209 5 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 209 6 plated plate VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 209 7 at at IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 209 8 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 209 9 density density NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 209 10 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 209 11 5 5 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 209 12 × × NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 209 13 10 10 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 209 14 4 4 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 209 15 cells cell NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 209 16 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 209 17 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 209 18 Lab Lab NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 209 19 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 209 20 Tek Tek NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 209 21 II II NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 209 22 chamber chamber NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 209 23 slide slide NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 209 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 209 25 Thermo Thermo NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 209 26 Scientific Scientific NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 209 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 209 28 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 209 29 incubated incubate VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 209 30 overnight overnight RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 209 31 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 210 1 Cells cell NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 210 2 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 210 3 washed wash VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 210 4 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 210 5 phosphate phosphate NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 210 6 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 210 7 buffered buffer VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 210 8 saline saline NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 210 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 210 10 PBS PBS NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 210 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 210 12 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 210 13 fixed fix VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 210 14 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 210 15 4 4 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 210 16 % % NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 210 17 formaldehyde formaldehyde NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 210 18 for for IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 210 19 5 5 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 210 20 min min NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 210 21 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 1 After after IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 2 washing wash VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 3 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 4 PBS PBS NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 5 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 6 cells cell NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 7 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 8 blocked block VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 9 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 10 blocking block VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 11 buffer buffer NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 13 PBS PBS NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 14 supplemented supplement VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 15 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 16 10 10 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 17 % % NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 18 FBS FBS NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 19 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 20 1 1 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 21 % % NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 22 BSA BSA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 24 for for IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 25 one one CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 26 hour hour NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 27 at at IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 28 room room NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 29 temperature temperature NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 30 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 31 probed probe VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 32 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 33 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 34 1:1000 1:1000 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 35 dilution dilution NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 36 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 37 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 38 rabbit rabbit NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 39 anti anti JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 40 - - JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 41 BST-2 bst-2 JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 42 antibody antibody NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 43 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 44 Santa Santa NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 45 Cruz Cruz NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 46 Biotechnology Biotechnology NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 48 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 49 blocking block VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 50 buffer buffer NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 51 for for IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 52 one one CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 53 hour hour NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 54 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 55 washed wash VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 56 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 57 PBS PBS NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 58 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 59 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 60 incubated incubate VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 61 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 62 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 63 1:1000 1:1000 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 64 dilution dilution NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 65 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 66 Alexa-488-conjugated alexa-488-conjugated JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 67 goat goat NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 68 anti anti JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 69 - - JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 70 rabbit rabbit JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 71 IgG igg NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 72 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 73 Abcam Abcam NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 74 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 75 for for IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 76 another another DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 77 hour hour NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 211 78 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 212 1 After after IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 212 2 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 212 3 final final JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 212 4 washing washing NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 212 5 step step NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 212 6 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 212 7 PBS PBS NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 212 8 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 212 9 cells cell NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 212 10 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 212 11 stained stain VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 212 12 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 212 13 DAPI DAPI NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 212 14 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 212 15 imaged image VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 212 16 by by IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 212 17 fluorescence fluorescence NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 212 18 microscopy microscopy NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 212 19 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 213 1 Viral Viral NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 213 2 RNA RNA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 213 3 from from IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 213 4 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 213 5 A A NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 213 6 / / SYM cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 213 7 duck duck NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 213 8 / / SYM cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 213 9 Hong Hong NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 213 10 Kong/365/78 kong/365/78 NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 213 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 213 12 H4N6 H4N6 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 213 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 213 14 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 213 15 A/ A/ NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 213 16 duck duck NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 213 17 / / , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 213 18 Suphanburi Suphanburi NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 213 19 / / SYM cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 213 20 AI157/2007 AI157/2007 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 213 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 213 22 H6N1 H6N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 213 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 213 24 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 213 25 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 213 26 extracted extract VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 213 27 using use VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 213 28 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 213 29 Viral Viral NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 213 30 Nucleic Nucleic NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 213 31 Acid Acid NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 213 32 Extraction Extraction NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 213 33 II II NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 213 34 Kit kit NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 213 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 213 36 Geneaid Geneaid NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 213 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 213 38 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 214 1 The the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 214 2 RNA RNA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 214 3 was be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 214 4 used use VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 214 5 as as IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 214 6 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 214 7 template template NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 214 8 for for IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 214 9 RT RT NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 214 10 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 214 11 PCR PCR NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 214 12 using use VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 214 13 Takara Takara NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 214 14 's 's POS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 214 15 One one CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 214 16 Step Step NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 214 17 RT RT NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 214 18 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 214 19 PCR PCR NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 214 20 kit kit NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 214 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 214 22 Clontech Clontech NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 214 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 214 24 along along IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 214 25 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 214 26 primers primer NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 214 27 containing contain VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 214 28 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 214 29 BsmBI bsmbi NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 214 30 restriction restriction NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 214 31 sites site NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 214 32 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 214 33 specific specific JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 214 34 for for IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 214 35 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 214 36 5′ 5′ CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 214 37 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 214 38 3′ 3′ CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 214 39 untranslated untranslated JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 214 40 regions region NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 214 41 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 214 42 each each DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 214 43 genomic genomic JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 214 44 RNA rna NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 214 45 segment segment NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 214 46 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 214 47 Hoffmann Hoffmann NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 214 48 et et NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 214 49 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 214 50 . . NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 214 51 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 214 52 2001 2001 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 214 53 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 214 54 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 215 1 Amplified amplify VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 215 2 cDNA cdna NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 215 3 products product NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 215 4 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 215 5 digested digest VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 215 6 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 215 7 BsmBI bsmbi NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 215 8 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 215 9 inserted insert VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 215 10 into into IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 215 11 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 215 12 pHW2000 phw2000 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 215 13 vector vector NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 215 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 215 15 Hoffmann Hoffmann NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 215 16 et et NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 215 17 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 215 18 . . NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 215 19 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 215 20 2000 2000 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 215 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 215 22 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 216 1 Selected select VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 216 2 clones clone NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 216 3 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 216 4 sequenced sequence VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 216 5 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 216 6 compared compare VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 216 7 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 216 8 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 216 9 official official JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 216 10 sequence sequence NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 216 11 reports report VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 216 12 on on IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 216 13 Genbank Genbank NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 216 14 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 217 1 Any any DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 217 2 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 217 3 position position NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 217 4 that that WDT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 217 5 did do VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 217 6 not not RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 217 7 match match VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 217 8 sequence sequence NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 217 9 data datum NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 217 10 on on IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 217 11 Genbank Genbank NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 217 12 was be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 217 13 corrected correct VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 217 14 by by IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 217 15 site site NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 217 16 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 217 17 directed direct VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 217 18 mutagenesis mutagenesis NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 217 19 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 218 1 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 218 2 mutants mutant NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 218 3 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 218 4 generated generate VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 218 5 following follow VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 218 6 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 218 7 mutagenesis mutagenesis NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 218 8 approach approach NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 218 9 reported report VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 218 10 by by IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 218 11 Jagger Jagger NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 218 12 et et NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 218 13 al al NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 218 14 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 219 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 219 2 2012 2012 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 219 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 219 4 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 220 1 The the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 220 2 ΔC ΔC NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 220 3 mutants mutant NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 220 4 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 220 5 generated generate VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 220 6 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 220 7 primers primer NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 220 8 covering cover VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 220 9 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 220 10 frameshift frameshift NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 220 11 motif motif NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 220 12 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 220 13 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 220 14 single single JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 220 15 C598 c598 NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 220 16 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 220 17 deletion deletion NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 220 18 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 221 1 The the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 221 2 FS fs NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 221 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 221 4 frameshift frameshift NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 221 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 221 6 mutants mutant NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 221 7 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 221 8 generated generate VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 221 9 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 221 10 primers primer NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 221 11 covering cover VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 221 12 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 221 13 frameshift frameshift NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 221 14 motif motif NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 221 15 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 221 16 mutations mutation NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 221 17 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 221 18 residues residue NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 221 19 597 597 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 221 20 - - SYM cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 221 21 600 600 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 221 22 from from IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 221 23 UCGU UCGU NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 221 24 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 221 25 CAGA CAGA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 221 26 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 222 1 Six six CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 222 2 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 222 3 well well NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 222 4 plates plate NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 222 5 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 222 6 seeded seed VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 222 7 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 222 8 co co NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 222 9 - - NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 222 10 cultures culture NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 222 11 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 222 12 7.5 7.5 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 222 13 × × NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 222 14 10 10 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 222 15 5 5 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 223 1 HEK293 HEK293 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 223 2 T t NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 223 3 cells cell NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 223 4 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 223 5 2.5 2.5 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 223 6 × × NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 223 7 10 10 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 223 8 5 5 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 223 9 MDCK MDCK NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 223 10 cells cell NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 223 11 overnight overnight RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 223 12 prior prior RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 223 13 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 223 14 transfection transfection NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 223 15 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 223 16 eight eight CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 223 17 pHW2000-based phw2000-based JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 223 18 plasmids plasmid NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 223 19 encoding encode VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 223 20 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 223 21 eight eight CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 223 22 influenza influenza NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 223 23 virus virus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 223 24 genomic genomic JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 223 25 segments segment NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 223 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 223 27 500 500 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 223 28 ng ng NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 223 29 each each DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 223 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 223 31 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 224 1 Twenty twenty CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 224 2 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 224 3 four four CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 224 4 hours hour NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 224 5 after after IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 224 6 transfection transfection NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 224 7 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 224 8 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 224 9 cells cell NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 224 10 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 224 11 washed wash VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 224 12 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 224 13 replenished replenish VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 224 14 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 224 15 serum serum NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 224 16 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 224 17 free free JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 224 18 Opti Opti NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 224 19 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 224 20 MEM mem NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 224 21 supplemented supplement VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 224 22 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 224 23 1 1 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 224 24 μg μg NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 224 25 / / SYM cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 224 26 mL mL NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 224 27 TPCK TPCK NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 224 28 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 224 29 treated treat VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 224 30 trypsin trypsin NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 224 31 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 225 1 Reverse reverse VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 225 2 genetics genetics NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 225 3 supernatants supernatant NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 225 4 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 225 5 harvested harvest VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 225 6 once once RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 225 7 extensive extensive JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 225 8 cell cell NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 225 9 death death NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 225 10 was be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 225 11 observed observe VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 225 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 225 13 typically typically RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 225 14 48 48 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 225 15 h h NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 225 16 post post NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 225 17 - - JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 225 18 transfection transfection JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 225 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 225 20 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 225 21 clarified clarify VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 225 22 by by IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 225 23 centrifugation centrifugation NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 225 24 at at IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 225 25 230 230 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 225 26 ×g ×g UH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 225 27 prior prior RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 225 28 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 225 29 injection injection NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 225 30 into into IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 225 31 10-day 10-day CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 225 32 old old JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 225 33 embryonated embryonate VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 225 34 chicken chicken NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 225 35 eggs egg NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 225 36 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 226 1 The the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 226 2 eggs egg NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 226 3 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 226 4 incubated incubate VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 226 5 at at IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 226 6 37 37 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 226 7 ° ° NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 226 8 C c NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 226 9 for for IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 226 10 48 48 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 226 11 h h NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 226 12 before before IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 226 13 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 226 14 allantoic allantoic NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 226 15 fluid fluid NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 226 16 was be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 226 17 collected collect VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 226 18 for for IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 226 19 virus virus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 226 20 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 227 1 Allantoic Allantoic NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 227 2 fluid fluid NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 227 3 was be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 227 4 clarified clarify VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 227 5 by by IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 227 6 centrifugation centrifugation NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 227 7 at at IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 227 8 230 230 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 227 9 ×g ×g JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 227 10 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 227 11 sterilized sterilize VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 227 12 by by IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 227 13 passage passage NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 227 14 through through IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 227 15 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 227 16 0.20 0.20 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 227 17 µm µm NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 227 18 syringe syringe NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 227 19 filter filter NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 227 20 before before IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 227 21 storage storage NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 227 22 at at IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 227 23 −80 −80 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 227 24 ° ° NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 227 25 C C NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 227 26 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 228 1 To to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 228 2 verify verify VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 228 3 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 228 4 sequence sequence NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 228 5 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 228 6 these these DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 228 7 reverse reverse JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 228 8 genetics genetics NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 228 9 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 228 10 derived derive VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 228 11 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 228 12 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 228 13 RNA RNA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 228 14 from from IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 228 15 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 228 16 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 228 17 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 228 18 extracted extract VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 228 19 using use VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 228 20 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 228 21 Viral Viral NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 228 22 Nucleic Nucleic NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 228 23 Acid Acid NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 228 24 Extraction Extraction NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 228 25 II II NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 228 26 Kit kit NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 228 27 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 229 1 RT RT NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 229 2 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 229 3 PCR PCR NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 229 4 was be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 229 5 performed perform VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 229 6 using use VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 229 7 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 229 8 Superscript Superscript NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 229 9 III III NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 229 10 One- One- NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 229 11 Step Step NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 229 12 RT RT NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 229 13 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 229 14 PCR PCR NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 229 15 System System NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 229 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 229 17 Invitrogen Invitrogen NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 229 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 229 19 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 229 20 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 229 21 products product NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 229 22 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 229 23 then then RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 229 24 submitted submit VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 229 25 for for IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 229 26 sequencing sequencing NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 229 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 229 28 1st 1st JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 229 29 Base Base NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 229 30 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 229 31 Malaysia Malaysia NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 229 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 229 33 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 230 1 To to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 230 2 study study VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 230 3 growth growth NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 230 4 kinetics kinetic NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 230 5 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 230 6 MDCK MDCK NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 230 7 or or CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 230 8 MDCK MDCK NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 230 9 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 230 10 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 230 11 cells cell NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 230 12 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 230 13 plated plate VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 230 14 at at IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 230 15 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 230 16 density density NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 230 17 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 230 18 5 5 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 230 19 × × NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 230 20 10 10 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 230 21 5 5 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 230 22 cells cell NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 230 23 per per IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 230 24 well well RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 230 25 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 230 26 6-well 6-well CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 230 27 plates plate NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 230 28 overnight overnight RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 230 29 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 230 30 infected infect VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 230 31 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 230 32 virus virus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 230 33 at at IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 230 34 an an DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 230 35 MOI MOI NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 230 36 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 230 37 0.001 0.001 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 230 38 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 231 1 After after IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 231 2 an an DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 231 3 hour hour NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 231 4 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 231 5 virus virus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 231 6 adsorption adsorption NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 231 7 at at IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 231 8 37 37 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 231 9 ° ° NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 231 10 C c NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 231 11 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 231 12 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 231 13 cells cell NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 231 14 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 231 15 washed wash VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 231 16 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 231 17 PBS PBS NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 231 18 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 231 19 replenished replenish VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 231 20 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 231 21 serumfree serumfree JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 231 22 Opti Opti NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 231 23 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 231 24 MEM MEM NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 231 25 supplemented supplement VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 231 26 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 231 27 1 1 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 231 28 μg μg NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 231 29 / / SYM cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 231 30 mL mL NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 231 31 TPCK TPCK NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 231 32 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 231 33 treated treat VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 231 34 trypsin trypsin NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 231 35 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 232 1 Supernatant supernatant JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 232 2 samples sample NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 232 3 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 232 4 collected collect VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 232 5 at at IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 232 6 various various JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 232 7 times time NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 232 8 points point NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 232 9 for for IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 232 10 plaque plaque NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 232 11 titration titration NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 232 12 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 233 1 To to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 233 2 assess assess VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 233 3 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 233 4 impact impact NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 233 5 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 233 6 chimeric chimeric JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 233 7 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 233 8 mutant mutant JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 233 9 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 233 10 on on IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 233 11 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 233 12 expression expression NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 233 13 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 233 14 an an DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 233 15 MOI MOI NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 233 16 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 233 17 5 5 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 233 18 was be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 233 19 used use VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 233 20 for for IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 233 21 infection infection NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 233 22 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 233 23 cells cell NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 233 24 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 233 25 incubated incubate VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 233 26 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 233 27 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 233 28 absence absence NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 233 29 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 233 30 TCPK TCPK NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 233 31 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 233 32 treated treat VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 233 33 trypsin trypsin NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 233 34 for for IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 233 35 18 18 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 233 36 h h NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 233 37 prior prior RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 233 38 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 233 39 harvest harvest NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 233 40 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 234 1 MDCK MDCK NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 234 2 cells cell NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 234 3 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 234 4 plated plate VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 234 5 at at IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 234 6 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 234 7 density density NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 234 8 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 234 9 8 8 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 234 10 × × NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 234 11 10 10 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 234 12 5 5 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 234 13 cells cell NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 234 14 per per IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 234 15 well well RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 234 16 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 234 17 6well 6well CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 234 18 plates plate NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 234 19 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 234 20 incubated incubate VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 234 21 overnight overnight RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 234 22 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 235 1 Influenza influenza NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 235 2 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 235 3 from from IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 235 4 cell cell NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 235 5 culture culture NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 235 6 supernatants supernatant NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 235 7 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 235 8 prepared prepare VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 235 9 as as IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 235 10 serial serial JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 235 11 10-fold 10-fold JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 235 12 dilutions dilution NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 235 13 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 235 14 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 235 15 dilutions dilution NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 235 16 added add VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 235 17 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 235 18 seeded seed VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 235 19 cells cell NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 235 20 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 236 1 Cells cell NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 236 2 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 236 3 incubated incubate VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 236 4 at at IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 236 5 37 37 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 236 6 ° ° NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 236 7 C c NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 236 8 for for IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 236 9 1 1 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 236 10 h h NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 236 11 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 236 12 then then RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 236 13 washed wash VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 236 14 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 236 15 PBS PBS NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 236 16 before before IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 236 17 being be VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 236 18 overlaid overlay VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 236 19 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 236 20 agar agar NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 236 21 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 236 22 minimum minimum JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 236 23 essential essential JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 236 24 medium medium NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 236 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 236 26 MEM MEM NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 236 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 236 28 supplemented supplement VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 236 29 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 236 30 1 1 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 237 1 μg μg NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 237 2 / / SYM cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 237 3 mL mL NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 237 4 TPCK TPCK NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 237 5 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 237 6 treated treat VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 237 7 trypsin trypsin NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 237 8 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 238 1 After after IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 238 2 another another DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 238 3 48 48 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 238 4 - - SYM cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 238 5 72 72 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 238 6 h h NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 238 7 at at IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 238 8 37 37 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 238 9 ° ° NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 238 10 C c NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 238 11 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 238 12 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 238 13 agar agar NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 238 14 was be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 238 15 removed remove VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 238 16 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 238 17 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 238 18 cells cell NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 238 19 fixed fix VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 238 20 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 238 21 0.1 0.1 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 238 22 % % NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 238 23 crystal crystal NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 238 24 violet violet NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 238 25 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 238 26 formaldehyde formaldehyde NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 238 27 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 239 1 Viral viral JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 239 2 titers titer NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 239 3 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 239 4 calculated calculate VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 239 5 by by IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 239 6 counting count VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 239 7 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 239 8 number number NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 239 9 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 239 10 plaques plaque NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 239 11 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 239 12 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 239 13 well well NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 239 14 containing contain VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 239 15 10 10 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 239 16 - - SYM cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 239 17 100 100 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 239 18 plaques plaque NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 239 19 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 239 20 then then RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 239 21 multiplying multiply VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 239 22 that that DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 239 23 number number NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 239 24 by by IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 239 25 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 239 26 dilution dilution NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 239 27 factor factor NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 239 28 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 240 1 Log log JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 240 2 transformation transformation NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 240 3 was be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 240 4 applied apply VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 240 5 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 240 6 viral viral JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 240 7 titer titer NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 240 8 readouts readout NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 240 9 prior prior RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 240 10 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 240 11 assessment assessment NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 240 12 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 240 13 statistical statistical JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 240 14 significance significance NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 240 15 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 240 16 Student Student NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 240 17 's 's POS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 240 18 two two CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 240 19 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 240 20 tailed tailed JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 240 21 t t NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 240 22 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 240 23 test test NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 240 24 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 241 1 Infected infected JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 241 2 or or CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 241 3 transfected transfecte VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 241 4 cells cell NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 241 5 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 241 6 lysed lyse VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 241 7 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 241 8 radioimmunoprecipitation radioimmunoprecipitation NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 241 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 241 10 RIPA RIPA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 241 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 241 12 buffer buffer NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 241 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 241 14 50 50 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 241 15 mM mM NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 241 16 Tris Tris NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 241 17 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 241 18 Cl Cl NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 241 19 pH pH NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 241 20 7.4 7.4 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 241 21 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 241 22 120 120 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 241 23 mM mm CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 241 24 NaCl nacl NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 241 25 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 241 26 1 1 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 241 27 % % NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 241 28 Triton Triton NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 241 29 X-100 x-100 NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 241 30 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 241 31 0.5 0.5 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 241 32 % % NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 241 33 sodium sodium NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 241 34 deoxycholate deoxycholate NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 241 35 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 241 36 1 1 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 241 37 % % NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 241 38 sodium sodium NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 241 39 dodecyl dodecyl NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 241 40 sulfate sulfate NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 241 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 241 42 supplemented supplement VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 241 43 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 241 44 1 1 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 241 45 % % NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 241 46 ProteoBlock ProteoBlock NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 241 47 Protease Protease NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 241 48 Inhibitor Inhibitor NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 241 49 Cocktail Cocktail NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 241 50 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 241 51 Thermo Thermo NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 241 52 Scientific Scientific NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 241 53 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 241 54 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 241 55 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 242 1 Lysates Lysates NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 242 2 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 242 3 loaded load VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 242 4 into into IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 242 5 10 10 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 242 6 or or CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 242 7 12 12 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 242 8 % % NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 242 9 polyacrylamide polyacrylamide NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 242 10 gels gel NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 242 11 for for IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 242 12 SDS SDS NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 242 13 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 242 14 PAGE PAGE NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 242 15 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 242 16 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 242 17 subsequently subsequently RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 242 18 transferred transfer VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 242 19 onto onto IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 242 20 nitrocellulose nitrocellulose JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 242 21 membranes membrane NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 242 22 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 243 1 Membranes membrane NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 243 2 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 243 3 blocked block VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 243 4 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 243 5 5 5 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 243 6 % % NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 243 7 skim skim NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 243 8 milk milk NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 243 9 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 243 10 0.1 0.1 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 243 11 % % NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 243 12 Tween Tween NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 243 13 20-Tris 20-tris CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 243 14 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 243 15 buffered buffer VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 243 16 saline saline NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 243 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 243 18 TBS TBS NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 243 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 243 20 for for IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 243 21 at at RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 243 22 least least RBS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 243 23 one one CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 243 24 hour hour NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 243 25 before before IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 243 26 probing probe VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 243 27 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 243 28 antibody antibody NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 243 29 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 244 1 Human Human NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 244 2 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 244 3 was be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 244 4 detected detect VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 244 5 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 244 6 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 244 7 rabbit rabbit NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 244 8 anti anti JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 244 9 - - JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 244 10 human human JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 244 11 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 244 12 antibody antibody NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 244 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 244 14 Santa Santa NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 244 15 Cruz Cruz NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 244 16 Biotechnology Biotechnology NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 244 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 244 18 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 244 19 influenza influenza NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 244 20 virus virus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 244 21 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 244 22 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 244 23 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 244 24 rabbit rabbit NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 244 25 anti anti NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 244 26 - - NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 244 27 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 244 28 antibody antibody NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 244 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 244 30 Thermo Thermo NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 244 31 Scientific Scientific NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 244 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 244 33 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 244 34 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 244 35 β β NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 244 36 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 244 37 actin actin JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 244 38 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 244 39 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 244 40 mouse mouse NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 244 41 anti anti JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 244 42 - - JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 244 43 β β JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 244 44 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 244 45 actin actin NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 244 46 antibody antibody NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 244 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 244 48 Santa Santa NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 244 49 Cruz Cruz NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 244 50 Biotechnology Biotechnology NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 244 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 244 52 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 245 1 Secondary secondary JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 245 2 antibodies antibody NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 245 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 245 4 horseradish horseradish NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 245 5 peroxidase peroxidase NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 245 6 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 245 7 conjugated conjugate VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 245 8 goat goat NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 245 9 anti anti JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 245 10 - - JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 245 11 rabbit rabbit JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 245 12 IgG igg NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 245 13 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 245 14 goat goat NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 245 15 anti anti JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 245 16 - - JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 245 17 mouse mouse JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 245 18 IgG IgG NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 245 19 antibodies antibody NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 245 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 245 21 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 245 22 purchased purchase VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 245 23 from from IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 245 24 Santa Santa NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 245 25 Cruz Cruz NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 245 26 Biotechnology Biotechnology NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 245 27 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 246 1 Bands band NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 246 2 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 246 3 visualized visualize VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 246 4 using use VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 246 5 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 246 6 Clarity Clarity NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 246 7 Western western JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 246 8 ECL ECL NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 246 9 Substrate Substrate NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 246 10 chemiluminescence chemiluminescence NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 246 11 kit kit NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 246 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 246 13 Bio Bio NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 246 14 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 246 15 Rad Rad NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 246 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 246 17 by by IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 246 18 film film NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 246 19 exposure exposure NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 246 20 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 247 1 Films film NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 247 2 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 247 3 scanned scan VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 247 4 using use VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 247 5 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 247 6 Molecular Molecular NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 247 7 Imager Imager NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 247 8 ChemiDoc ChemiDoc NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 247 9 XRS+ XRS+ NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 247 10 Imaging Imaging NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 247 11 System System NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 247 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 247 13 Bio Bio NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 247 14 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 247 15 Rad Rad NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 247 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 247 17 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 247 18 analyzed analyze VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 247 19 by by IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 247 20 densitometry densitometry NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 247 21 using use VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 247 22 ImageJ. ImageJ. NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 247 23 Infected infect VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 247 24 MDCK MDCK NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 247 25 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 247 26 MDCK MDCK NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 247 27 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 247 28 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 247 29 cells cell NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 247 30 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 247 31 harvested harvest VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 247 32 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 247 33 PBS PBS NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 247 34 at at IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 247 35 various various JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 247 36 time time NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 247 37 points point NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 247 38 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 248 1 Half half PDT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 248 2 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 248 3 harvested harvest VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 248 4 cells cell NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 248 5 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 248 6 used use VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 248 7 for for IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 248 8 genomic genomic JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 248 9 DNA dna NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 248 10 extraction extraction NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 248 11 using use VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 248 12 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 248 13 GeneJet GeneJet NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 248 14 Genomic Genomic NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 248 15 DNA DNA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 248 16 Purification Purification NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 248 17 Kit kit NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 248 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 248 19 Thermo Thermo NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 248 20 Scientific Scientific NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 248 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 248 22 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 248 23 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 248 24 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 248 25 remaining remain VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 248 26 half half NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 248 27 used use VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 248 28 for for IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 248 29 RNA RNA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 248 30 extraction extraction NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 248 31 using use VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 248 32 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 248 33 GeneJet GeneJet NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 248 34 RNA RNA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 248 35 Purification Purification NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 248 36 Kit Kit NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 248 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 248 38 Thermo Thermo NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 248 39 Scientific Scientific NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 248 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 248 41 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 249 1 Extractions extraction NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 249 2 were be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 249 3 carried carry VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 249 4 out out RP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 249 5 according accord VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 249 6 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 249 7 manufacturer manufacturer NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 249 8 instructions instruction NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 249 9 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 250 1 Quantitative quantitative JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 250 2 PCR PCR NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 250 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 250 4 qPCR qPCR NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 250 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 250 6 was be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 250 7 performed perform VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 250 8 on on IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 250 9 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 250 10 genomic genomic JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 250 11 DNA dna NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 250 12 to to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 250 13 assess assess VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 250 14 relative relative JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 250 15 fibronectin fibronectin NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 250 16 copy copy NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 250 17 number number NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 250 18 using use VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 250 19 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 250 20 SSOAdvanced ssoadvance VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 250 21 Universal Universal NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 250 22 SYBR SYBR NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 250 23 Green Green NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 250 24 Supermix Supermix NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 250 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 250 26 Bio Bio NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 250 27 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 250 28 Rad Rad NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 250 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 250 30 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 250 31 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 250 32 two two CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 250 33 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 250 34 step step NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 250 35 qPCR qpcr NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 250 36 protocol protocol NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 250 37 according accord VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 250 38 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 250 39 manufacturer manufacturer NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 250 40 instructions instruction NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 250 41 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 251 1 RT RT NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 251 2 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 251 3 qPCR qPCR NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 251 4 was be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 251 5 used use VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 251 6 to to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 251 7 assess assess VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 251 8 mRNA mrna NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 251 9 levels level NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 251 10 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 251 11 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 251 12 human human JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 251 13 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 251 14 transgene transgene NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 251 15 using use VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 251 16 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 251 17 iTaq iTaq NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 251 18 Universal Universal NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 251 19 SYBR SYBR NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 251 20 Green Green NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 252 1 One- One- NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 252 2 Step Step NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 252 3 Kit kit NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 252 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 252 5 Bio Bio NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 252 6 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 252 7 Rad Rad NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 252 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 252 9 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 252 10 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 252 11 associated associated JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 252 12 two two CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 252 13 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 252 14 step step NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 252 15 protocol protocol NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 252 16 according accord VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 252 17 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 252 18 manufacturer manufacturer NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 252 19 instructions instruction NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 252 20 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 253 1 The the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 253 2 Bio Bio NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 253 3 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 253 4 Rad Rad NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 253 5 C1000 C1000 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 253 6 Touch Touch NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 253 7 Thermal Thermal NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 253 8 Cycler Cycler NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 253 9 was be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 253 10 used use VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 253 11 to to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 253 12 run run VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 253 13 these these DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 253 14 qPCR qpcr NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 253 15 experiments experiment NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 253 16 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 254 1 Statistical statistical JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 254 2 significance significance NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 254 3 was be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 254 4 assessed assess VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 254 5 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 254 6 Student Student NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 254 7 's 's POS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 254 8 two two CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 254 9 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 254 10 tailed tailed JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 254 11 t t NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 254 12 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 254 13 test test NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 254 14 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 255 1 The the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 255 2 novel novel JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 255 3 influenza influenza NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 255 4 A a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 255 5 virus virus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 255 6 protein protein NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 255 7 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 255 8 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 255 9 X X NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 255 10 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 255 11 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 255 12 naturally naturally RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 255 13 deleted delete VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 255 14 variant variant NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 255 15 show show VBP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 255 16 different different JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 255 17 enzymatic enzymatic JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 255 18 properties property NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 255 19 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 255 20 comparison comparison NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 255 21 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 255 22 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 255 23 viral viral JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 255 24 endonuclease endonuclease NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 1 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 2 Release Release NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 3 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 4 filamentous filamentous JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 5 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 6 spherical spherical JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 7 influenza influenza NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 8 A a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 9 virus virus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 10 is be VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 11 not not RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 12 restricted restrict VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 13 by by IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 14 tetherin tetherin NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 15 Structural structural JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 16 basis basis NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 17 for for IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 18 suppression suppression NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 19 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 20 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 21 host host NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 22 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 23 response response NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 24 by by IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 25 influenza influenza NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 26 A a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 27 virus virus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 28 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 29 / / SYM cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 30 tetherin tetherin XX cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 31 : : : cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 32 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 33 new new JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 34 component component NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 35 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 36 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 37 innate innate JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 38 immune immune JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 39 response response NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 40 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 41 enveloped envelop VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 42 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 43 A a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 44 single single JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 45 amino amino NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 46 acid acid NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 47 mutation mutation NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 48 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 49 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 50 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 51 subunit subunit NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 52 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 53 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 54 influenza influenza NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 55 virus virus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 56 RNA RNA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 57 polymerase polymerase NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 58 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 59 endonucleolytic endonucleolytic JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 60 cleavage cleavage NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 61 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 62 capped cap VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 63 RNAs rna NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 64 Twenty Twenty NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 65 amino amino NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 66 acids acid NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 67 at at IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 68 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 69 C C NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 70 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 71 terminus terminus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 72 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 73 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 74 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 75 X X NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 76 are be VBP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 77 associated associate VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 78 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 79 increased increase VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 80 influenza influenza NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 81 A a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 82 virus virus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 83 replication replication NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 84 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 85 pathogenicity pathogenicity NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 86 Tetherin tetherin NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 87 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 88 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 89 influenza influenza NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 90 A a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 91 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 92 is be VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 93 strain strain VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 94 specific specific JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 95 : : : cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 96 role role NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 97 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 98 hemagglutinin hemagglutinin NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 99 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 100 neuraminidase neuraminidase NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 101 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 102 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 103 X X NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 104 protein protein NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 105 decreases decrease VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 106 replication replication NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 107 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 108 pathogenicity pathogenicity NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 109 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 110 swine swine NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 111 influenza influenza NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 112 virus virus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 113 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 114 cultured cultured JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 115 cells cell NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 116 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 117 mouse mouse NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 118 models model NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 119 Amino amino NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 120 acid acid NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 121 residues residue NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 122 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 123 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 124 Nterminal Nterminal NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 125 region region NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 126 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 127 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 128 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 129 subunit subunit NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 130 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 131 influenza influenza NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 132 A a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 133 virus virus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 134 RNA rna NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 135 polymerase polymerase NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 136 play play VBP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 137 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 138 critical critical JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 139 role role NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 140 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 141 protein protein NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 142 stability stability NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 143 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 144 endonuclease endonuclease NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 145 activity activity NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 146 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 147 cap cap NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 148 binding binding NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 149 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 150 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 151 virion virion NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 152 RNA RNA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 153 promoter promoter NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 256 154 binding bind VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 257 1 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 257 2 A a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 257 3 virus virus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 258 1 protein protein NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 258 2 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 258 3 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 258 4 X X NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 258 5 contributes contribute VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 258 6 to to IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 258 7 viral viral JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 258 8 growth growth NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 258 9 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 258 10 suppression suppression NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 258 11 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 258 12 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 258 13 host host NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 258 14 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 258 15 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 258 16 immune immune JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 258 17 responses response NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 258 18 Early early JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 258 19 vertebrate vertebrate JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 258 20 evolution evolution NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 258 21 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 258 22 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 258 23 host host NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 258 24 restriction restriction NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 258 25 factor factor NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 259 1 tetherin tetherin NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 259 2 A a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 259 3 DNA dna NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 259 4 transfection transfection NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 259 5 system system NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 259 6 for for IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 259 7 generation generation NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 259 8 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 259 9 influenza influenza NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 259 10 A a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 259 11 virus virus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 259 12 from from IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 259 13 eight eight CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 259 14 plasmids plasmid NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 259 15 Universal Universal NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 259 16 primer primer NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 259 17 set set VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 259 18 for for IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 259 19 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 259 20 full full JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 259 21 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 259 22 length length NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 259 23 amplification amplification NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 259 24 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 259 25 all all DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 259 26 influenza influenza NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 259 27 A a NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 259 28 viruses virus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 259 29 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 259 30 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 259 31 X X NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 259 32 : : : cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 259 33 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 259 34 key key JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 259 35 regulator regulator NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 259 36 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 259 37 influenza influenza NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 259 38 A a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 259 39 virus virus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 259 40 pathogenicity pathogenicity NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 259 41 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 259 42 host host NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 259 43 immune immune JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 259 44 responses response NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 260 1 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 260 2 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 260 3 X X NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 260 4 decreases decrease VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 260 5 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 260 6 pathogenicity pathogenicity NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 260 7 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 260 8 highly highly RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 260 9 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 260 10 H5N1 H5N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 260 11 influenza influenza NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 260 12 A a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 260 13 virus virus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 260 14 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 260 15 avian avian JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 260 16 species specie NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 260 17 by by IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 260 18 inhibiting inhibit VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 260 19 virus virus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 260 20 replication replication NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 260 21 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 260 22 host host NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 260 23 response response NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 1 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 2 restricts restrict VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 3 IAV IAV NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 4 release release NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 5 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 6 is be VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 7 countered counter VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 8 by by IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 9 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 10 viral viral JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 11 M2 M2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 12 protein protein NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 13 An an DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 14 overlapping overlap VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 15 protein protein NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 16 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 17 coding code VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 18 region region NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 19 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 20 influenza influenza NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 21 A a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 22 virus virus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 23 segment segment NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 24 3 3 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 25 modulates modulate VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 26 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 27 host host NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 28 response response NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 29 Broad Broad NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 30 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 31 spectrum spectrum NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 32 inhibition inhibition NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 33 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 34 retroviral retroviral JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 35 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 36 filoviral filoviral JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 37 particle particle NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 38 release release NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 39 by by IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 40 tetherin tetherin NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 41 Tetherin Tetherin NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 42 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 43 mediated mediate VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 44 restriction restriction NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 45 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 46 filovirus filovirus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 47 budding budding NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 48 is be VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 49 antagonized antagonize VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 50 by by IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 51 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 52 Ebola Ebola NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 53 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 54 Selective selective JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 55 degradation degradation NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 56 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 57 host host NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 58 RNA RNA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 59 polymerase polymerase NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 60 II II NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 61 transcripts transcript NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 62 by by IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 63 influenza influenza NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 64 A a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 261 65 virus virus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 262 1 PA PA NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 262 2 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 262 3 X X NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 262 4 host host NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 262 5 shutoff shutoff NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 262 6 protein protein NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 262 7 Bst-2/ Bst-2/ NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 262 8 HM1.24 HM1.24 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 262 9 is be VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 262 10 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 262 11 raft raft NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 262 12 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 262 13 associated associate VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 262 14 apical apical JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 262 15 membrane membrane NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 262 16 protein protein NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 262 17 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 262 18 an an DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 262 19 unusual unusual JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 262 20 topology topology NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 262 21 Modulation modulation NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 262 22 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 262 23 an an DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 262 24 ectodomain ectodomain JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 262 25 motif motif NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 262 26 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 262 27 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 262 28 influenza influenza NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 262 29 A a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 262 30 virus virus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 262 31 neuraminidase neuraminidase NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 262 32 alters alter VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 262 33 tetherin tetherin VBP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 262 34 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 262 35 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 262 36 results result NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 262 37 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 262 38 virus virus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 262 39 attenuation attenuation NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 262 40 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 262 41 vivo vivo NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 262 42 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 262 43 virus virus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 262 44 partially partially RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 262 45 counteracts counteract VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 262 46 restriction restriction NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 262 47 imposed impose VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 262 48 by by IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 262 49 tetherin/ tetherin/ ADD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 263 1 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 263 2 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 263 3 virus virus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 263 4 non non JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 263 5 - - JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 263 6 structural structural JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 263 7 protein protein NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 263 8 NS1 NS1 NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 263 9 : : : cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 263 10 interferon interferon NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 263 11 antagonism antagonism NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 263 12 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 263 13 beyond beyond IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 263 14 In in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 263 15 vivo vivo NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 263 16 gene gene NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 263 17 delivery delivery NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 263 18 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 263 19 stable stable JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 263 20 transduction transduction NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 263 21 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 263 22 nondividing nondivide VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 263 23 cells cell NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 263 24 by by IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 263 25 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 263 26 lentiviral lentiviral JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 263 27 vector vector NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 264 1 An an DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 264 2 unconventional unconventional JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 264 3 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 264 4 function function NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 264 5 : : : cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 264 6 down down IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 264 7 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 264 8 regulation regulation NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 264 9 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 264 10 transient transient JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 264 11 protein protein NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 264 12 expression expression NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 265 1 Tetherin Tetherin NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 265 2 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 265 3 retrovirus retrovirus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 265 4 release release NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 265 5 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 265 6 is be VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 265 7 antagonized antagonize VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 265 8 by by IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 265 9 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 265 10 Vpu Vpu NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 265 11 Tetherin Tetherin NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 266 1 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 266 2 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 266 3 release release NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 266 4 by by IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 266 5 directly directly RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 266 6 tethering tether VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 266 7 virions virion NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 266 8 to to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 266 9 cells cells VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 266 10 Infectious infectious JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 266 11 Lassa Lassa NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 266 12 virus virus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 266 13 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 266 14 but but CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 266 15 not not RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 266 16 filoviruses filovirus NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 266 17 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 266 18 is be VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 266 19 restricted restrict VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 266 20 by by IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 266 21 BST-2/ bst-2/ CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 266 22 tetherin tetherin NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 266 23 Shutoff Shutoff NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 266 24 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 266 25 host host NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 266 26 gene gene NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 266 27 expression expression NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 266 28 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 266 29 influenza influenza NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 266 30 A a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 266 31 virus virus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 266 32 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 266 33 herpesviruses herpesviruse NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 266 34 : : : cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 266 35 similar similar JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 266 36 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 266 37 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 266 38 common common JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 266 39 themes theme NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 266 40 Inhibition inhibition NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 266 41 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 266 42 Lassa Lassa NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 266 43 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 267 1 Marburg Marburg NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 267 2 virus virus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 267 3 production production NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 267 4 by by IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 267 5 tetherin tetherin NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 267 6 Adaptive adaptive JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 267 7 mutation mutation NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 267 8 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 267 9 influenza influenza NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 267 10 A a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 267 11 virus virus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 267 12 non non JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 267 13 - - JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 267 14 structural structural JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 267 15 gene gene NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 267 16 is be VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 267 17 linked link VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 267 18 to to TO cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 267 19 host host VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 267 20 switching switching NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 267 21 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 267 22 induces induce VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 267 23 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 267 24 novel novel JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 267 25 protein protein NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 267 26 by by IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 267 27 alternative alternative JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 267 28 splicing splicing NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 267 29 SH3 SH3 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 267 30 binding bind VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 267 31 motif motif NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 267 32 1 1 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 267 33 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 267 34 influenza influenza NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 267 35 A a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 267 36 virus virus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 267 37 NS1 ns1 NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 267 38 protein protein NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 267 39 is be VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 267 40 essential essential JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 267 41 for for IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 268 1 PI3K PI3K NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 268 2 / / SYM cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 268 3 Akt Akt NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 268 4 signaling signal VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 268 5 pathway pathway NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 268 6 activation activation NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 268 7 Severe severe JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 268 8 acute acute JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 268 9 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 268 10 syndrome syndrome NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 268 11 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 268 12 ORF7a ORF7a NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 268 13 inhibits inhibit VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 268 14 bone bone NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 268 15 marrow marrow NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 268 16 stromal stromal NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 268 17 antigen antigen NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 268 18 2 2 CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 268 19 virion virion NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 268 20 tethering tether VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 268 21 through through IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 268 22 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 268 23 novel novel JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 268 24 mechanism mechanism NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 268 25 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 268 26 glycosylation glycosylation NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 268 27 interference interference NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 269 1 The the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 269 2 interferon interferon NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 269 3 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 269 4 induced induce VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 269 5 protein protein NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 269 6 BST-2 BST-2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 269 7 restricts restrict VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 269 8 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 269 9 release release NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 269 10 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 269 11 is be VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 269 12 downregulated downregulate VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 269 13 from from IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 269 14 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 269 15 cell cell NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 269 16 surface surface NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 269 17 by by IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 269 18 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 269 19 viral viral JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 269 20 Vpu Vpu NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 269 21 protein protein NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 269 22 Strain strain NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 269 23 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 269 24 specific specific JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 269 25 antagonism antagonism NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 269 26 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 269 27 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 269 28 human human JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 269 29 H1N1 H1N1 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 269 30 influenza influenza NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 269 31 A a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 269 32 virus virus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 269 33 against against IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 269 34 equine equine NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 269 35 tetherin tetherin NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 269 36 BST2 BST2 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 269 37 / / SYM cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 269 38 CD317 CD317 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 269 39 counteracts counteract VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 269 40 human human JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 269 41 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 269 42 229E 229e CD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 269 43 productive productive JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 269 44 infection infection NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 269 45 by by IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 269 46 tethering tether VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 269 47 virions virion NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 269 48 at at IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 269 49 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 269 50 cell cell NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 269 51 surface surface NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 270 1 Influenza Influenza NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 270 2 A a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 270 3 virus virus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 270 4 does do VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 270 5 not not RB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 270 6 encode encode VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 270 7 a a DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 270 8 tetherin tetherin NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 270 9 antagonist antagonist NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 270 10 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 270 11 Vpu Vpu NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 270 12 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 270 13 like like JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 270 14 activity activity NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 270 15 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 270 16 induces induce VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 270 17 IFN IFN NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 270 18 - - HYPH cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 270 19 dependent dependent JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 270 20 tetherin tetherin NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 270 21 expression expression NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 270 22 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 270 23 infected infected JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 270 24 cells cell NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 271 1 Budding bud VBG cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 271 2 capability capability NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 271 3 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 271 4 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 271 5 influenza influenza NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 271 6 virus virus NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 271 7 neuraminidase neuraminidase NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 271 8 can can MD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 271 9 be be VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 271 10 modulated modulate VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 271 11 by by IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 271 12 tetherin tetherin NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 271 13 Multiply Multiply NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 271 14 attenuated attenuated JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 271 15 lentiviral lentiviral JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 271 16 vector vector NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 271 17 achieves achieve VBZ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 271 18 efficient efficient JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 271 19 gene gene NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 271 20 delivery delivery NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 271 21 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 271 22 vivo vivo NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 272 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 272 2 thank thank VBP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 272 3 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 272 4 members member NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 272 5 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 272 6 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 272 7 Virology Virology NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 272 8 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 272 9 Cell Cell NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 272 10 Technology Technology NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 272 11 Laboratory Laboratory NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 272 12 for for IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 272 13 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 272 14 insightful insightful JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 272 15 comments comment NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 272 16 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 272 17 critique critique NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 272 18 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 273 1 This this DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 273 2 work work NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 273 3 was be VBD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 273 4 funded fund VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 273 5 by by IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 273 6 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 273 7 Young Young NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 273 8 Fellow Fellow NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 273 9 Grant Grant NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 273 10 from from IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 273 11 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 273 12 National National NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 273 13 Center Center NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 273 14 for for IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 273 15 Genetic Genetic NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 273 16 Engineering Engineering NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 273 17 and and CC cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 273 18 Biotechnology Biotechnology NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 273 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 273 20 BIOTEC BIOTEC NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 273 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 273 22 , , , cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 273 23 Thailand Thailand NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 273 24 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 274 1 The the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 274 2 authors author NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 274 3 declare declare VBP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 274 4 no no DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 274 5 conflict conflict NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 274 6 of of IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 274 7 interest interest NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 274 8 . . . cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 275 1 Supplementary supplementary JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 275 2 data datum NNS cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 275 3 associated associate VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 275 4 with with IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 275 5 this this DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 275 6 article article NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 275 7 can can MD cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 275 8 be be VB cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 275 9 found find VBN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 275 10 in in IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 275 11 the the DT cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 275 12 online online JJ cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 275 13 version version NN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 275 14 at at IN cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 275 15 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 275 16 / / SYM cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 275 17 j.virol.2018.09.016 j.virol.2018.09.016 NNP cord-280957-cdd6ngf1 275 18 . . .