id sid tid token lemma pos cord-310218-fky0cm5e 1 1 key key NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 1 2 : : : cord-310218-fky0cm5e 2 1 cord-310218-fky0cm5e cord-310218-fky0cm5e NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 2 2 authors author NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 2 3 : : : cord-310218-fky0cm5e 3 1 Yoo Yoo NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 3 2 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 3 3 Dongwan Dongwan NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 3 4 ; ; : cord-310218-fky0cm5e 3 5 Parker Parker NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 3 6 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 3 7 Michael Michael NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 3 8 D. D. NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 3 9 ; ; : cord-310218-fky0cm5e 3 10 Babiuk Babiuk NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 3 11 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 3 12 Lorne Lorne NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 3 13 A. a. NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 3 14 title title NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 3 15 : : : cord-310218-fky0cm5e 3 16 The the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 3 17 S2 S2 NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 3 18 subunit subunit NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 3 19 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 3 20 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 3 21 spike spike NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 3 22 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 3 23 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 3 24 bovine bovine JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 3 25 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 3 26 mediates mediate VBZ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 3 27 membrane membrane NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 3 28 fusion fusion NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 3 29 in in IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 3 30 insect insect NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 3 31 cells cell NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 3 32 date date NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 3 33 : : : cord-310218-fky0cm5e 3 34 1991 1991 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 3 35 - - SYM cord-310218-fky0cm5e 3 36 01 01 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 3 37 - - HYPH cord-310218-fky0cm5e 3 38 31 31 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 3 39 journal journal NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 3 40 : : : cord-310218-fky0cm5e 4 1 Virology virology NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 4 2 DOI DOI NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 4 3 : : : cord-310218-fky0cm5e 4 4 10.1016/0042 10.1016/0042 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 4 5 - - SYM cord-310218-fky0cm5e 4 6 6822(91)90045-d 6822(91)90045-d CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 4 7 sha sha NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 4 8 : : : cord-310218-fky0cm5e 4 9 b215cc0bcde57d607b40cbad413ad672abbd775b b215cc0bcde57d607b40cbad413ad672abbd775b NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 4 10 doc_id doc_id CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 4 11 : : : cord-310218-fky0cm5e 4 12 310218 310218 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 4 13 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 4 14 : : : cord-310218-fky0cm5e 5 1 fky0cm5e fky0cm5e CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 6 1 Abstract Abstract NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 7 1 The the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 7 2 hemagglutinin hemagglutinin NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 7 3 / / SYM cord-310218-fky0cm5e 7 4 esterase esterase NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 7 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 7 6 HE HE NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 7 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 7 8 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 7 9 spike spike NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 7 10 precursor precursor NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 7 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 7 12 S S NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 7 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 7 14 and and CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 7 15 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 7 16 S1 S1 NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 7 17 and and CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 7 18 S2 S2 NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 7 19 subunits subunit NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 7 20 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 7 21 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 7 22 spike spike NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 7 23 precursor precursor NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 7 24 protein protein NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 7 25 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 7 26 bovine bovine JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 7 27 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 7 28 were be VBD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 7 29 expressed express VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 7 30 in in IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 7 31 Spodoptera Spodoptera NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 7 32 frugiperda frugiperda NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 7 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 7 34 Sf9 sf9 NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 7 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 7 36 cells cell NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 7 37 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 7 38 and and CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 7 39 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 7 40 cell cell NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 7 41 - - HYPH cord-310218-fky0cm5e 7 42 fusing fuse VBG cord-310218-fky0cm5e 7 43 activity activity NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 7 44 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 7 45 each each DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 7 46 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 7 47 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 7 48 was be VBD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 7 49 examined examine VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 7 50 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 8 1 Extensive extensive JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 8 2 syncytia syncytia NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 8 3 formation formation NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 8 4 was be VBD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 8 5 observed observe VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 8 6 in in IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 8 7 cells cell NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 8 8 infected infect VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 8 9 with with IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 8 10 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 8 11 S2 s2 NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 8 12 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 8 13 but but CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 8 14 not not RB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 8 15 with with IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 8 16 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 8 17 HE HE NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 8 18 or or CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 8 19 S1 S1 NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 8 20 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 8 21 baculoviruses baculoviruse NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 8 22 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 9 1 Fusion fusion NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 9 2 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 9 3 Sf9 sf9 NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 9 4 cells cell NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 9 5 expressing express VBG cord-310218-fky0cm5e 9 6 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 9 7 intact intact NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 9 8 S s NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 9 9 protein protein NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 9 10 precursor precursor NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 9 11 was be VBD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 9 12 evident evident JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 9 13 after after IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 9 14 trypsin trypsin NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 9 15 treatment treatment NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 9 16 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 10 1 These these DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 10 2 results result NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 10 3 demonstrate demonstrate VBP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 10 4 that that IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 10 5 proteolytic proteolytic JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 10 6 cleavage cleavage NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 10 7 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 10 8 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 10 9 S S NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 10 10 spike spike NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 10 11 precursor precursor NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 10 12 is be VBZ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 10 13 required require VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 10 14 for for IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 10 15 fusion fusion NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 10 16 induction induction NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 10 17 and and CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 10 18 that that IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 10 19 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 10 20 fusion fusion NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 10 21 is be VBZ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 10 22 mediated mediate VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 10 23 by by IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 10 24 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 10 25 S2 S2 NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 10 26 subunit subunit NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 10 27 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 11 1 These these DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 11 2 observations observation NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 11 3 may may MD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 11 4 reflect reflect VB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 11 5 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 11 6 biological biological JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 11 7 role role NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 11 8 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 11 9 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 11 10 S2 S2 NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 11 11 subunit subunit NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 11 12 in in IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 11 13 fusion fusion NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 11 14 - - HYPH cord-310218-fky0cm5e 11 15 penetration penetration NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 11 16 during during IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 11 17 bovine bovine JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 11 18 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 11 19 infection infection NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 11 20 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 12 1 The the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 12 2 hemagglutinin hemagglutinin NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 12 3 / / SYM cord-310218-fky0cm5e 12 4 esterase esterase NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 12 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 12 6 HE HE NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 12 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 12 8 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 12 9 spike spike NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 12 10 precursor precursor NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 12 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 12 12 S S NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 12 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 12 14 and and CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 12 15 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 12 16 Sl Sl NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 12 17 and and CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 12 18 S2 s2 NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 12 19 subunits subunit NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 12 20 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 12 21 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 12 22 spike spike NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 12 23 precursor precursor NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 12 24 protein protein NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 12 25 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 12 26 bovine bovine JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 12 27 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 12 28 were be VBD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 12 29 expressed express VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 12 30 in in IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 12 31 Spodopfera Spodopfera NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 12 32 frugperda frugperda NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 12 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 12 34 Sf9 sf9 NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 12 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 12 36 cells cell NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 12 37 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 12 38 and and CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 12 39 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 12 40 cell cell NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 12 41 - - HYPH cord-310218-fky0cm5e 12 42 fusing fuse VBG cord-310218-fky0cm5e 12 43 activity activity NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 12 44 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 12 45 each each DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 12 46 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 12 47 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 12 48 was be VBD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 12 49 examined examine VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 12 50 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 13 1 Extensive extensive JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 13 2 syncytia syncytia NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 13 3 formation formation NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 13 4 was be VBD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 13 5 observed observe VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 13 6 in in IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 13 7 cells cell NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 13 8 infected infect VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 13 9 with with IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 13 10 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 13 11 S2 s2 NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 13 12 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 13 13 but but CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 13 14 not not RB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 13 15 with with IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 13 16 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 13 17 HE HE NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 13 18 or or CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 13 19 Si Si NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 13 20 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 13 21 baculoviruses baculoviruse NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 13 22 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 14 1 Fusion fusion NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 14 2 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 14 3 Sf9 sf9 NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 14 4 cells cell NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 14 5 expressing express VBG cord-310218-fky0cm5e 14 6 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 14 7 intact intact NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 14 8 S s NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 14 9 protein protein NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 14 10 precursor precursor NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 14 11 was be VBD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 14 12 evident evident JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 14 13 after after IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 14 14 trypsin trypsin NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 14 15 treatment treatment NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 14 16 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 15 1 These these DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 15 2 results result NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 15 3 demonstrate demonstrate VBP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 15 4 that that IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 15 5 proteolytic proteolytic JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 15 6 cleavage cleavage NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 15 7 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 15 8 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 15 9 S S NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 15 10 spike spike NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 15 11 precursor precursor NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 15 12 is be VBZ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 15 13 required require VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 15 14 for for IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 15 15 fusion fusion NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 15 16 induction induction NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 15 17 and and CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 15 18 that that IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 15 19 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 15 20 fusion fusion NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 15 21 is be VBZ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 15 22 mediated mediate VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 15 23 by by IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 15 24 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 15 25 S2 S2 NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 15 26 subunit subunit NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 15 27 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 16 1 These these DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 16 2 observations observation NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 16 3 may may MD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 16 4 reflect reflect VB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 16 5 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 16 6 biological biological JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 16 7 role role NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 16 8 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 16 9 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 16 10 S2 S2 NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 16 11 subunit subunit NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 16 12 in in IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 16 13 fusion fusion NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 16 14 - - HYPH cord-310218-fky0cm5e 16 15 penetration penetration NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 16 16 during during IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 16 17 bovine bovine JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 16 18 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 16 19 infection infection NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 16 20 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 17 1 o o UH cord-310218-fky0cm5e 17 2 1991 1991 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 17 3 Academic Academic NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 17 4 press press NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 17 5 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 17 6 I~ I~ NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 18 1 C. C. NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 18 2 The the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 18 3 envelopes envelope NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 18 4 which which WDT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 18 5 surround surround VBP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 18 6 many many JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 18 7 viruses virus NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 18 8 are be VBP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 18 9 derived derive VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 18 10 from from IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 18 11 host host NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 18 12 cell cell NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 18 13 membranes membrane NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 18 14 and and CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 18 15 contain contain VBP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 18 16 multiple multiple JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 18 17 copies copy NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 18 18 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 18 19 viral viral JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 18 20 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 18 21 which which WDT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 18 22 form form VBP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 18 23 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 18 24 surface surface NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 18 25 projections projection NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 18 26 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 18 27 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 18 28 virions virion NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 18 29 required require VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 18 30 for for IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 18 31 host host NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 18 32 cell cell NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 18 33 binding binding NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 18 34 and and CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 18 35 penetration penetration NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 18 36 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 19 1 Two two CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 19 2 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 19 3 for for IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 19 4 virus virus NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 19 5 penetration penetration NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 19 6 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 19 7 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 19 8 target target NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 19 9 cell cell NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 19 10 have have VBP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 19 11 been be VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 19 12 proposed propose VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 19 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 19 14 I i NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 19 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 19 16 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 20 1 In in IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 20 2 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 20 3 case case NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 20 4 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 20 5 paramyxoviruses paramyxovirus NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 20 6 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 20 7 for for IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 20 8 example example NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 20 9 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 20 10 after after IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 20 11 initial initial JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 20 12 binding binding NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 20 13 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 20 14 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 20 15 cell cell NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 20 16 surface surface NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 20 17 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 20 18 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 20 19 viral viral JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 20 20 envelope envelope NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 20 21 fuses fuse VBZ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 20 22 with with IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 20 23 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 20 24 plasma plasma NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 20 25 membrane membrane NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 20 26 directly directly RB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 20 27 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 20 28 releasing release VBG cord-310218-fky0cm5e 20 29 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 20 30 nucleocapsids nucleocapsid NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 20 31 into into IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 20 32 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 20 33 interior interior NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 20 34 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 20 35 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 20 36 cell cell NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 20 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 20 38 2 2 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 20 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 20 40 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 21 1 In in IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 21 2 contrast contrast NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 21 3 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 21 4 alphaviruses alphaviruses NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 21 5 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 21 6 rhabdoviruses rhabdovirus NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 21 7 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 21 8 and and CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 21 9 ot ot NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 21 10 - - HYPH cord-310218-fky0cm5e 21 11 thomyxoviruses thomyxoviruse NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 21 12 are be VBP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 21 13 internalized internalize VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 21 14 by by IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 21 15 endocytosis endocytosis NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 21 16 and and CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 21 17 fusion fusion NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 21 18 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 21 19 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 21 20 envelope envelope NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 21 21 with with IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 21 22 endosomal endosomal NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 21 23 membranes membrane NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 21 24 is be VBZ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 21 25 activated activate VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 21 26 in in IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 21 27 an an DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 21 28 acidic acidic JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 21 29 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 21 30 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 21 31 compartment compartment NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 21 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 21 33 3 3 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 21 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 21 35 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 22 1 Bovine bovine JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 22 2 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 22 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 22 4 BCV BCV NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 22 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 22 6 contains contain VBZ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 22 7 two two CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 22 8 major major JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 22 9 membrane membrane NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 22 10 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 22 11 ; ; : cord-310218-fky0cm5e 22 12 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 22 13 hemagglutinin hemagglutinin NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 22 14 / / SYM cord-310218-fky0cm5e 22 15 esterase esterase NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 22 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 22 17 HE HE NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 22 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 22 19 and and CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 22 20 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 22 21 spike(S spike(S NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 22 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 22 23 protein protein NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 22 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 22 25 4 4 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 22 26 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 22 27 5 5 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 22 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 22 29 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 23 1 The the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 23 2 HE HE NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 23 3 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 23 4 is be VBZ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 23 5 a a DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 23 6 disulfide disulfide RB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 23 7 - - HYPH cord-310218-fky0cm5e 23 8 linked link VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 23 9 140 140 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 23 10 K K NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 23 11 homodimer homodimer JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 23 12 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 23 13 a a DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 23 14 62 62 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 23 15 K k NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 23 16 monomer monomer NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 23 17 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 23 18 and and CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 23 19 exhibits exhibit VBZ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 23 20 hemagglutinating hemagglutinating NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 23 21 and and CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 23 22 sialic sialic JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 23 23 acid acid NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 23 24 - - HYPH cord-310218-fky0cm5e 23 25 containing contain VBG cord-310218-fky0cm5e 23 26 receptor receptor NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 23 27 - - HYPH cord-310218-fky0cm5e 23 28 destroying destroy VBG cord-310218-fky0cm5e 23 29 activities activity NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 23 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 23 31 6 6 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 23 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 23 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 23 34 7 7 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 23 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 24 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 24 2 8) 8) NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 24 3 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 25 1 The the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 25 2 180 180 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 25 3 K K NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 25 4 S s NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 25 5 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 25 6 is be VBZ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 25 7 cleaved cleave VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 25 8 into into IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 25 9 Sl Sl NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 25 10 and and CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 25 11 S2 s2 NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 25 12 subunits subunit NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 25 13 at at IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 25 14 amino amino NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 25 15 acids acid NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 25 16 768 768 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 25 17 - - HYPH cord-310218-fky0cm5e 25 18 769 769 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 25 19 and and CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 25 20 forms form VBZ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 25 21 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 25 22 large large JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 25 23 club club NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 25 24 - - HYPH cord-310218-fky0cm5e 25 25 shaped shape VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 25 26 projections projection NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 25 27 characteristic characteristic JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 25 28 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 25 29 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 25 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 25 31 9 9 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 25 32 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 25 33 10 10 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 25 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 25 35 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 26 1 The the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 26 2 S2 s2 NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 26 3 subunit subunit NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 26 4 is be VBZ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 26 5 associated associate VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 26 6 with with IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 26 7 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 26 8 viral viral JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 26 9 envelope envelope NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 26 10 and and CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 26 11 forms form NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 26 12 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 26 13 stalk stalk NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 26 14 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 26 15 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 26 16 surface surface NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 26 17 projection projection NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 26 18 while while IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 26 19 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 26 20 Sl Sl NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 26 21 subunit subunit NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 26 22 is be VBZ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 26 23 believed believe VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 26 24 to to TO cord-310218-fky0cm5e 26 25 form form VB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 26 26 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 26 27 bulbous bulbous JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 26 28 head head NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 26 29 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 26 30 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 26 31 projection projection NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 26 32 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 27 1 Studies study NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 27 2 using use VBG cord-310218-fky0cm5e 27 3 a a DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 27 4 series series NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 27 5 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 27 6 monoclonal monoclonal JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 27 7 antibodies antibody NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 27 8 have have VBP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 27 9 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 27 10 that that IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 27 11 BCV BCV NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 27 12 - - HYPH cord-310218-fky0cm5e 27 13 neutralizing neutralize VBG cord-310218-fky0cm5e 27 14 epitopes epitope NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 27 15 are be VBP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 27 16 located locate VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 27 17 on on IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 27 18 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 27 19 HE HE NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 27 20 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 27 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 27 22 1 1 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 27 23 I I NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 27 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 27 25 and and CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 27 26 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 27 27 Sl Sl NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 27 28 subunit subunit NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 27 29 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 27 30 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 27 31 S S NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 27 32 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 27 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 27 34 I i NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 27 35 1 1 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 27 36 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 27 37 12 12 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 27 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 27 39 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 28 1 The the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 28 2 biological biological JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 28 3 significance significance NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 28 4 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 28 5 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 28 6 S2 S2 NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 28 7 subunit subunit NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 28 8 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 28 9 BCV BCV NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 28 10 has have VBZ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 28 11 not not RB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 28 12 been be VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 28 13 determined determine VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 28 14 yet yet RB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 28 15 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 29 1 Although although IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 29 2 cell cell NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 29 3 fusion fusion NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 29 4 has have VBZ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 29 5 been be VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 29 6 observed observe VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 29 7 in in IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 29 8 cultures culture NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 29 9 ' ' '' cord-310218-fky0cm5e 29 10 To to IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 29 11 whom whom WP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 29 12 requests request VBZ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 29 13 for for IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 29 14 reprints reprint NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 29 15 should should MD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 29 16 be be VB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 29 17 addressed address VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 29 18 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 30 1 infected infect VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 30 2 with with IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 30 3 many many JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 30 4 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 30 5 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 30 6 there there EX cord-310218-fky0cm5e 30 7 is be VBZ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 30 8 no no DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 30 9 direct direct JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 30 10 evidence evidence NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 30 11 as as IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 30 12 to to IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 30 13 which which WDT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 30 14 viral viral JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 30 15 components component NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 30 16 are be VBP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 30 17 involved involve VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 30 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 30 19 13 13 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 30 20 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 30 21 14 14 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 30 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 30 23 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 31 1 One one CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 31 2 approach approach NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 31 3 to to TO cord-310218-fky0cm5e 31 4 elucidate elucidate VB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 31 5 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 31 6 function function NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 31 7 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 31 8 individual individual JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 31 9 viral viral JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 31 10 components component NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 31 11 is be VBZ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 31 12 to to TO cord-310218-fky0cm5e 31 13 express express VB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 31 14 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 31 15 genes gene NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 31 16 for for IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 31 17 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 31 18 individual individual JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 31 19 protein protein NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 31 20 and and CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 31 21 examine examine VB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 31 22 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 31 23 biological biological JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 31 24 activiti.es activiti.es NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 31 25 in in IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 31 26 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 31 27 absence absence NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 31 28 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 31 29 other other JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 31 30 viral viral JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 31 31 components component NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 31 32 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 32 1 Recently recently RB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 32 2 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 32 3 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 32 4 Autograph Autograph NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 32 5 californica californica NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 32 6 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 32 7 polyhedrosis polyhedrosis NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 32 8 baculovirus baculovirus NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 32 9 has have VBZ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 32 10 been be VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 32 11 developed develop VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 32 12 as as IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 32 13 a a DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 32 14 helper helper NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 32 15 - - HYPH cord-310218-fky0cm5e 32 16 independent independent JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 32 17 expression expression NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 32 18 vector vector NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 32 19 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 33 1 The the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 33 2 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 33 3 proteins protein NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 33 4 expressed express VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 33 5 by by IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 33 6 baculovirus baculoviru NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 33 7 appear appear VBP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 33 8 to to TO cord-310218-fky0cm5e 33 9 retain retain VB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 33 10 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 33 11 biological biological JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 33 12 activities activity NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 33 13 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 33 14 such such JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 33 15 as as IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 33 16 immunogenicity immunogenicity NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 33 17 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 33 18 enzymatic enzymatic JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 33 19 activity activity NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 33 20 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 33 21 and and CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 33 22 other other JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 33 23 physicochemical physicochemical JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 33 24 properties property NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 33 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 33 26 15 15 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 33 27 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 33 28 16 16 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 33 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 33 30 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 34 1 Several several JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 34 2 viral viral JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 34 3 fusion fusion NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 34 4 proteins protein NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 34 5 expressed express VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 34 6 in in IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 34 7 insect insect NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 34 8 cells cell NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 34 9 have have VBP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 34 10 been be VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 34 11 also also RB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 34 12 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 34 13 to to TO cord-310218-fky0cm5e 34 14 be be VB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 34 15 biologically biologically RB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 34 16 active active JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 34 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 34 18 17 17 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 34 19 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 34 20 18 18 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 34 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 34 22 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 35 1 Thus thus RB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 35 2 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 35 3 in in IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 35 4 order order NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 35 5 to to TO cord-310218-fky0cm5e 35 6 identify identify VB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 35 7 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 35 8 viral viral JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 35 9 membrane membrane NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 35 10 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 35 11 which which WDT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 35 12 induces induce VBZ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 35 13 cell cell NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 35 14 fusion fusion NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 35 15 by by IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 35 16 BCV BCV NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 35 17 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 35 18 we -PRON- PRP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 35 19 expressed express VBD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 35 20 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 35 21 HE HE NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 35 22 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 35 23 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 35 24 S S NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 35 25 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 35 26 and and CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 35 27 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 35 28 Sl Sl NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 35 29 and and CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 35 30 S2 s2 NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 35 31 subunits subunit NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 35 32 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 35 33 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 35 34 S S NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 35 35 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 35 36 using use VBG cord-310218-fky0cm5e 35 37 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 35 38 baculoviruses baculoviruse NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 35 39 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 35 40 and and CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 35 41 examined examine VBD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 35 42 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 35 43 cell cell NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 35 44 - - HYPH cord-310218-fky0cm5e 35 45 fusing fuse VBG cord-310218-fky0cm5e 35 46 activity activity NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 35 47 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 35 48 each each DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 35 49 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 35 50 polypeptide polypeptide NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 35 51 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 36 1 The the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 36 2 construction construction NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 36 3 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 36 4 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 36 5 plasmids plasmid NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 36 6 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 36 7 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 36 8 HE HE NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 36 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 36 10 8) 8) NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 36 11 S S NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 36 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 36 13 9 9 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 36 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 36 15 and and CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 37 1 Sl Sl NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 37 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 37 3 12 12 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 37 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 37 5 genes gene NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 37 6 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 37 7 BCV BCV NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 37 8 have have VBP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 37 9 been be VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 37 10 described describe VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 37 11 in in IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 37 12 detail detail NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 37 13 elsewhere elsewhere RB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 37 14 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 38 1 Briefly briefly RB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 38 2 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 38 3 in in IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 38 4 order order NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 38 5 to to TO cord-310218-fky0cm5e 38 6 express express VB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 38 7 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 38 8 Sl Sl NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 38 9 subunit subunit NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 38 10 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 38 11 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 38 12 S S NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 38 13 gene gene NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 38 14 was be VBD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 38 15 digested digest VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 38 16 with with IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 38 17 Tthllll Tthllll NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 38 18 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 38 19 which which WDT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 38 20 cleaved cleave VBD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 38 21 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 38 22 S S NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 38 23 gene gene NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 38 24 within within IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 38 25 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 38 26 sequences sequence NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 38 27 encoding encode VBG cord-310218-fky0cm5e 38 28 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 38 29 proteolytic proteolytic JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 38 30 cleavage cleavage NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 38 31 site site NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 38 32 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 38 33 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 38 34 S S NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 38 35 precursor precursor NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 38 36 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 38 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 38 38 nucleotides nucleotide NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 38 39 2294 2294 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 38 40 - - SYM cord-310218-fky0cm5e 38 41 2295 2295 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 38 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 38 43 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 39 1 The the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 39 2 5 5 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 39 3 ' ' NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 39 4 2294nucleotide 2294nucleotide CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 39 5 fragment fragment NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 39 6 was be VBD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 39 7 fused fuse VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 39 8 to to IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 39 9 a a DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 39 10 universal universal JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 39 11 translational translational JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 39 12 terminator terminator NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 39 13 and and CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 39 14 inserted insert VBD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 39 15 into into IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 39 16 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 39 17 BarnHI BarnHI NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 39 18 site site NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 39 19 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 39 20 baculovirus baculovirus NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 39 21 transfer transfer NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 39 22 vector vector NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 39 23 pAcYM pAcYM NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 39 24 1 1 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 39 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 39 26 19 19 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 39 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 39 28 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 40 1 Because because IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 40 2 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 40 3 S2 S2 NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 40 4 subunit subunit NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 40 5 is be VBZ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 40 6 derived derive VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 40 7 by by IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 40 8 proteolytic proteolytic JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 40 9 cleavage cleavage NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 40 10 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 40 11 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 40 12 S S NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 40 13 precursor precursor NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 40 14 polypeptide polypeptide NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 40 15 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 40 16 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 40 17 cDNA cdna NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 40 18 sequences sequence NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 40 19 encoding encode VBG cord-310218-fky0cm5e 40 20 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 40 21 S2 S2 NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 40 22 subunit subunit NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 40 23 lack lack VBP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 40 24 a a DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 40 25 translation translation NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 40 26 initiation initiation NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 40 27 codon codon NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 40 28 and and CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 40 29 membrane membrane NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 40 30 translocation translocation NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 40 31 sequence sequence NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 40 32 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 41 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 41 2 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 41 3 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 41 4 cDNA cdna NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 41 5 sequence sequence NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 41 6 encoding encode VBG cord-310218-fky0cm5e 41 7 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 41 8 S2 S2 NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 41 9 subunit subunit NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 41 10 was be VBD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 41 11 fused fuse VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 41 12 to to IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 41 13 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 41 14 amino amino NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 41 15 - - HYPH cord-310218-fky0cm5e 41 16 terminal terminal NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 41 17 signal signal NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 41 18 sequence sequence NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 41 19 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 41 20 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 41 21 BCV BCV NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 41 22 HE HE NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 41 23 gly- gly- VBZ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 41 24 coprotein coprotein NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 41 25 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 42 1 Plasmid Plasmid NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 42 2 pCVE3 pCVE3 NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 42 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 42 4 20 20 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 42 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 42 6 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 42 7 which which WDT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 42 8 contains contain VBZ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 42 9 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 42 10 cloned clone VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 42 11 HE HE NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 42 12 gene gene NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 42 13 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 42 14 BCV BCV NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 42 15 in in IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 42 16 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 42 17 BamHl BamHl NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 42 18 site site NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 42 19 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 42 20 pTZ18R ptz18r JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 42 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 42 22 Pharmacia Pharmacia NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 42 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 42 24 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 42 25 was be VBD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 42 26 digested digest VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 42 27 with with IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 42 28 Styl Styl NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 42 29 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 42 30 blunt blunt JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 42 31 - - HYPH cord-310218-fky0cm5e 42 32 ended end VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 42 33 by by IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 42 34 Si Si NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 42 35 nuclease nuclease NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 42 36 treatment treatment NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 42 37 and and CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 42 38 digested digest VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 42 39 with with IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 42 40 S&l S&l NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 42 41 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 43 1 A a DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 43 2 2.0-kb 2.0-kb CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 43 3 Seal Seal NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 43 4 - - HYPH cord-310218-fky0cm5e 43 5 Sal1 Sal1 NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 43 6 fragment fragment NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 43 7 containing contain VBG cord-310218-fky0cm5e 43 8 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 43 9 cDNA cdna NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 43 10 sequences sequence NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 43 11 encoding encode VBG cord-310218-fky0cm5e 43 12 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 43 13 S2 S2 NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 43 14 subunit subunit NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 43 15 was be VBD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 43 16 obtained obtain VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 43 17 from from IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 43 18 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 43 19 plasmid plasmid NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 43 20 pCVE2 pcve2 NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 43 21 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 43 22 which which WDT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 43 23 contains contain VBZ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 43 24 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 43 25 BCV BCV NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 43 26 S S NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 43 27 gene gene NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 43 28 cloned clone VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 43 29 in in IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 43 30 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 43 31 BamHl BamHl NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 43 32 site site NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 43 33 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 43 34 pTZl8R ptzl8r NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 43 35 and and CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 43 36 was be VBD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 43 37 ligated ligate VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 43 38 into into IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 43 39 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 43 40 linearized linearize VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 43 41 pCVE3 pcve3 NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 43 42 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 44 1 This this DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 44 2 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 44 3 plasmid plasmid NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 44 4 was be VBD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 44 5 subsequently subsequently RB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 44 6 modified modify VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 44 7 by by IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 44 8 site site NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 44 9 - - HYPH cord-310218-fky0cm5e 44 10 directed direct VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 44 11 mutagenesis mutagenesis NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 44 12 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 44 13 yielding yield VBG cord-310218-fky0cm5e 44 14 plasmid plasmid NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 44 15 pAcDS2 pAcDS2 NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 44 16 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 44 17 which which WDT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 44 18 contained contain VBD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 44 19 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 44 20 complete complete JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 44 21 BCV BCV NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 44 22 HE HE NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 44 23 signal signal NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 44 24 sequence sequence NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 44 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 44 26 21 21 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 44 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 44 28 fused fuse VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 44 29 to to IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 44 30 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 44 31 S2 S2 NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 44 32 subunit subunit NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 44 33 through through IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 44 34 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 44 35 alanine alanine JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 44 36 residue residue NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 44 37 located locate VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 44 38 at at IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 44 39 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 44 40 amino amino NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 44 41 terminus terminus NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 44 42 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 44 43 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 44 44 mature mature JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 44 45 S2 S2 NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 44 46 subunit subunit NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 44 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 44 48 10 10 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 44 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 45 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 45 2 Fig Fig NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 45 3 . . NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 45 4 1 1 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 45 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 45 6 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 46 1 The the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 46 2 cloned clone VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 46 3 genes gene NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 46 4 were be VBD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 46 5 introduced introduce VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 46 6 into into IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 46 7 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 46 8 genome genome NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 46 9 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 46 10 A. A. NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 46 11 californica californica NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 46 12 nuclear nuclear JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 46 13 polyhedrosis polyhedrosis NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 46 14 virus virus NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 46 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 46 16 AcMNPV acmnpv NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 46 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 46 18 by by IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 46 19 homologous homologous JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 46 20 recombination recombination NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 46 21 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 46 22 and and CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 46 23 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 46 24 viruses virus NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 46 25 were be VBD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 46 26 isolated isolate VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 46 27 by by IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 46 28 plaque plaque NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 46 29 hybridization hybridization NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 46 30 and and CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 46 31 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 46 32 purification purification NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 46 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 46 34 22 22 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 46 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 46 36 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 47 1 Recombinant recombinant JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 47 2 baculoviruses baculoviruse NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 47 3 containing contain VBG cord-310218-fky0cm5e 47 4 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 47 5 HE HE NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 47 6 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 47 7 S S NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 47 8 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 47 9 Sl Sl NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 47 10 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 47 11 and and CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 47 12 S2 s2 NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 47 13 genes gene NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 47 14 were be VBD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 47 15 designated designate VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 47 16 BVLHE BVLHE NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 47 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 47 18 8) 8) NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 47 19 vAcS vAcS NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 47 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 47 21 9 9 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 47 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 47 23 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 47 24 vAcS1 vacs1 NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 47 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 47 26 12 12 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 47 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 47 28 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 47 29 and and CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 47 30 vAcS2 vacs2 NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 47 31 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 47 32 respectively respectively RB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 47 33 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 48 1 Synthesis synthesis NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 48 2 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 48 3 BCV BCV NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 48 4 - - HYPH cord-310218-fky0cm5e 48 5 specific specific JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 48 6 polypeptides polypeptide NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 48 7 in in IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 48 8 Spodoptera Spodoptera NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 48 9 frugiperda frugiperda NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 48 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 48 11 Sf9 sf9 NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 48 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 48 13 cells cell NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 48 14 infected infect VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 48 15 with with IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 48 16 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 48 17 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 48 18 viruses virus NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 48 19 was be VBD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 48 20 examined examine VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 48 21 at at IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 48 22 24 24 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 48 23 hr hr NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 48 24 postinfection postinfection NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 48 25 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 49 1 Rabbit rabbit NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 49 2 antisera antisera NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 49 3 to to IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 49 4 BCV BCV NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 49 5 precipitated precipitate VBD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 49 6 a a DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 49 7 57 57 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 49 8 K K NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 49 9 polypeptide polypeptide NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 49 10 when when WRB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 49 11 analyzed analyze VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 49 12 under under IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 49 13 reducing reduce VBG cord-310218-fky0cm5e 49 14 conditions condition NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 49 15 in in IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 49 16 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 49 17 cells cell NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 49 18 infected infect VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 49 19 with with IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 49 20 BVLHE BVLHE NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 50 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 50 2 Fig Fig NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 50 3 . . NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 50 4 2 2 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 50 5 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 50 6 lane lane NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 50 7 2 2 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 50 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 50 9 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 51 1 The the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 51 2 57 57 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 51 3 K K NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 51 4 polypeptide polypeptide NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 51 5 represents represent VBZ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 51 6 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 51 7 monomer monomer NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 51 8 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 51 9 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 51 10 HE HE NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 51 11 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 51 12 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 52 1 Cells cell NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 52 2 infected infect VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 52 3 with with IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 52 4 VACS VACS NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 52 5 produced produce VBD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 52 6 a a DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 52 7 170 170 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 52 8 K K NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 52 9 polypeptide polypeptide NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 52 10 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 53 1 This this DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 53 2 indicates indicate VBZ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 53 3 that that IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 53 4 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 53 5 S S NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 53 6 polypeptide polypeptide NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 53 7 was be VBD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 53 8 produced produce VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 53 9 but but CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 53 10 proteolytic proteolytic JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 53 11 cleavage cleavage NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 53 12 was be VBD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 53 13 not not RB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 53 14 occurring occur VBG cord-310218-fky0cm5e 53 15 to to IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 53 16 a a DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 53 17 significant significant JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 53 18 extent extent NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 53 19 in in IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 53 20 Sf9 sf9 NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 53 21 cells cell NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 53 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 53 23 Fig Fig NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 53 24 . . NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 53 25 2 2 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 53 26 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 53 27 lane lane NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 53 28 3 3 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 53 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 53 30 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 54 1 A a DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 54 2 95 95 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 54 3 K k NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 54 4 and and CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 54 5 an an DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 54 6 80 80 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 54 7 K K NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 54 8 polypeptide polypeptide NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 54 9 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 54 10 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 54 11 Sl Sl NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 54 12 and and CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 54 13 S2 s2 NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 54 14 subunits subunit NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 54 15 were be VBD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 54 16 immunoprecipitated immunoprecipitate VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 54 17 from from IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 54 18 cells cell NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 54 19 infected infect VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 54 20 with with IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 54 21 vAcS1 vAcS1 NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 54 22 and and CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 54 23 vAcS2 vacs2 NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 54 24 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 54 25 respectively respectively RB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 54 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 54 27 Fig Fig NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 54 28 . . NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 54 29 2 2 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 54 30 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 54 31 lanes lane NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 54 32 4 4 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 54 33 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 54 34 5 5 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 54 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 54 36 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 55 1 In in IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 55 2 order order NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 55 3 to to TO cord-310218-fky0cm5e 55 4 determine determine VB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 55 5 if if IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 55 6 any any DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 55 7 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 55 8 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 55 9 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 55 10 polypeptides polypeptide NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 55 11 were be VBD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 55 12 capable capable JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 55 13 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 55 14 inducing induce VBG cord-310218-fky0cm5e 55 15 cell cell NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 55 16 fusion fusion NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 55 17 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 55 18 Sf9 sf9 NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 55 19 cells cell NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 55 20 were be VBD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 55 21 infected infect VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 55 22 with with IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 55 23 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 55 24 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 55 25 baculoviruses baculoviruse NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 55 26 at at IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 55 27 an an DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 55 28 m.o.i m.o.i NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 55 29 . . NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 55 30 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 55 31 5-l 5-l CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 55 32 0 0 NFP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 55 33 PFU pfu NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 55 34 per per IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 55 35 cell cell NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 55 36 and and CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 55 37 incubated incubate VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 55 38 at at IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 55 39 28 28 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 55 40 " " '' cord-310218-fky0cm5e 55 41 in in IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 55 42 TNM TNM NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 55 43 - - HYPH cord-310218-fky0cm5e 55 44 FH FH NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 55 45 media medium NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 55 46 containing contain VBG cord-310218-fky0cm5e 55 47 10 10 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 55 48 % % NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 55 49 fetal fetal JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 55 50 bovine bovine JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 55 51 serum serum NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 55 52 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 55 53 22 22 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 55 54 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 55 55 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 56 1 At at IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 56 2 36 36 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 56 3 hr hr NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 56 4 postinfection postinfection NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 56 5 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 56 6 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 56 7 medium medium NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 56 8 was be VBD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 56 9 replaced replace VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 56 10 with with IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 56 11 TNM TNM NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 56 12 - - HYPH cord-310218-fky0cm5e 56 13 FH FH NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 56 14 in in IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 56 15 which which WDT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 56 16 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 56 17 pH pH NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 56 18 varied vary VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 56 19 between between IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 56 20 5.0 5.0 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 56 21 - - SYM cord-310218-fky0cm5e 56 22 6.5 6.5 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 56 23 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 57 1 In in IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 57 2 order order NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 57 3 to to TO cord-310218-fky0cm5e 57 4 examine examine VB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 57 5 syncytia syncytia NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 57 6 formation formation NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 57 7 at at IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 57 8 alkaline alkaline JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 57 9 pH pH NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 57 10 and and CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 57 11 because because IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 57 12 TNM TNM NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 57 13 - - HYPH cord-310218-fky0cm5e 57 14 FH FH NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 57 15 becomes become VBZ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 57 16 turbid turbid JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 57 17 at at IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 57 18 alkaline alkaline JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 57 19 pH ph NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 57 20 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 57 21 replicates replicate NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 57 22 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 57 23 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 57 24 infected infected JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 57 25 cells cell NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 57 26 were be VBD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 57 27 overlayed overlay VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 57 28 with with IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 57 29 1.5 1.5 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 57 30 % % NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 57 31 agarose agarose VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 57 32 in in IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 57 33 PBS PBS NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 57 34 which which WDT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 57 35 had have VBD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 57 36 been be VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 57 37 adjusted adjust VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 57 38 to to IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 57 39 a a DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 57 40 pH pH NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 57 41 range range NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 57 42 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 57 43 5.0 5.0 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 57 44 - - SYM cord-310218-fky0cm5e 57 45 8.0 8.0 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 57 46 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 58 1 Syncytia syncytia NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 58 2 formation formation NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 58 3 was be VBD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 58 4 monitored monitor VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 58 5 by by IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 58 6 phase phase NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 58 7 - - HYPH cord-310218-fky0cm5e 58 8 contrast contrast NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 58 9 microscopy microscopy NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 58 10 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 59 1 Fusion fusion NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 59 2 was be VBD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 59 3 not not RB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 59 4 detected detect VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 59 5 in in IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 59 6 cultures culture NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 59 7 infected infect VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 59 8 with with IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 59 9 wild wild JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 59 10 - - HYPH cord-310218-fky0cm5e 59 11 type type NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 59 12 AcMNPV acmnpv NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 59 13 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 59 14 BVLHE BVLHE NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 59 15 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 59 16 or or CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 59 17 vAcS1 vacs1 NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 59 18 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 59 19 baculoviruses baculoviruse NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 59 20 over over IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 59 21 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 59 22 pH pH NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 59 23 range range NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 59 24 examined examine VBD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 59 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 59 26 Figs fig NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 59 27 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 60 1 3A 3A NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 60 2 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 60 3 3B 3B NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 60 4 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 60 5 3D 3D NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 60 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 60 7 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 61 1 In in IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 61 2 contrast contrast NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 61 3 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 61 4 fusion fusion NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 61 5 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 61 6 vAcS vacs NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 61 7 - - HYPH cord-310218-fky0cm5e 61 8 infected infect VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 61 9 cells cell NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 61 10 was be VBD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 61 11 apparent apparent JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 61 12 within within IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 61 13 2 2 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 61 14 hr hr NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 61 15 after after IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 61 16 a a DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 61 17 pH ph NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 61 18 shift shift NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 61 19 to to IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 61 20 5.3 5.3 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 61 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 61 22 Fig Fig NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 61 23 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 61 24 3C 3C NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 61 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 61 26 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 62 1 Extensive extensive JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 62 2 syncytia syncytia NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 62 3 formation formation NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 62 4 was be VBD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 62 5 observed observe VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 62 6 in in IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 62 7 vAcS2-infected vAcS2-infected NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 62 8 cells cell NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 62 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 62 10 Fig Fig NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 62 11 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 62 12 3E 3E NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 62 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 62 14 and and CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 62 15 continued continue VBD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 62 16 to to TO cord-310218-fky0cm5e 62 17 increase increase VB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 62 18 over over IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 62 19 8 8 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 62 20 hr hr NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 62 21 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 62 22 observation observation NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 62 23 until until IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 62 24 giant giant JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 62 25 syncytia syncytia NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 62 26 composed compose VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 62 27 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 62 28 approximately approximately RB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 62 29 100 100 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 62 30 - - HYPH cord-310218-fky0cm5e 62 31 200 200 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 62 32 cells cell NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 62 33 were be VBD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 62 34 observed observe VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 62 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 62 36 Fig Fig NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 62 37 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 62 38 3F 3F NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 62 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 62 40 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 63 1 When when WRB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 63 2 polyclonal polyclonal JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 63 3 BCV BCV NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 63 4 antibodies antibody NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 63 5 were be VBD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 63 6 included include VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 63 7 in in IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 63 8 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 63 9 media medium NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 63 10 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 63 11 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 63 12 fusion fusion NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 63 13 by by IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 63 14 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 63 15 S S NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 63 16 and and CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 63 17 S2 s2 NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 63 18 polypeptides polypeptide NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 63 19 was be VBD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 63 20 partially partially RB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 63 21 inhibited inhibit VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 63 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 63 23 Table table NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 63 24 1 1 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 63 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 63 26 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 64 1 These these DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 64 2 observations observation NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 64 3 demonstrate demonstrate VBP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 64 4 that that IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 64 5 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 64 6 S2 S2 NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 64 7 subunit subunit NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 64 8 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 64 9 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 64 10 spike spike NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 64 11 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 64 12 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 64 13 BCV BCV NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 64 14 can can MD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 64 15 induce induce VB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 64 16 cell cell NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 64 17 fusion fusion NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 64 18 in in IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 64 19 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 64 20 absence absence NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 64 21 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 64 22 other other JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 64 23 viral viral JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 64 24 components component NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 64 25 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 65 1 150 150 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 65 2 mM mm CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 65 3 NaCI naci NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 65 4 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 66 1 50 50 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 67 1 mM mM NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 67 2 Tris Tris NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 67 3 - - HYPH cord-310218-fky0cm5e 67 4 HCI HCI NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 67 5 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 67 6 pH pH NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 67 7 7.4 7.4 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 67 8 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 67 9 10 10 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 67 10 mM mm CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 67 11 EDTA EDTA NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 67 12 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 67 13 0.1 0.1 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 67 14 % % NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 67 15 SDS SDS NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 67 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 67 17 and and CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 67 18 immunoprecipitated immunoprecipitate VBD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 67 19 with with IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 67 20 BCV BCV NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 67 21 - - HYPH cord-310218-fky0cm5e 67 22 specific specific JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 67 23 rabbit rabbit NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 67 24 antisera antisera NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 67 25 using use VBG cord-310218-fky0cm5e 67 26 a a DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 67 27 suspension suspension NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 67 28 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 67 29 10 10 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 67 30 mg mg NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 67 31 protein protein NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 67 32 A A NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 67 33 - - : cord-310218-fky0cm5e 67 34 Sepharose Sepharose NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 67 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 67 36 Pharmacia Pharmacia NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 67 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 67 38 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 68 1 The the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 68 2 immune immune JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 68 3 complexes complex NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 68 4 were be VBD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 68 5 dissociated dissociate VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 68 6 with with IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 68 7 10 10 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 68 8 % % NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 68 9 SDS SDS NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 68 10 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 68 11 25 25 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 68 12 % % NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 68 13 glycerol glycerol NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 68 14 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 68 15 10 10 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 68 16 mMp mMp NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 68 17 - - HYPH cord-310218-fky0cm5e 68 18 mercaptoethanol mercaptoethanol JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 68 19 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 68 20 10 10 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 68 21 mMTris mmtris CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 68 22 - - HYPH cord-310218-fky0cm5e 68 23 HCI HCI NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 68 24 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 68 25 pH pH NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 68 26 6.8 6.8 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 68 27 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 68 28 0.02 0.02 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 68 29 % % NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 68 30 bromphenol bromphenol NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 68 31 blue blue NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 68 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 68 33 and and CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 68 34 electrophoresed electrophorese VBD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 68 35 on on IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 68 36 a a DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 68 37 7.5 7.5 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 68 38 % % NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 68 39 discontinuous discontinuous JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 68 40 SDS sds NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 68 41 - - HYPH cord-310218-fky0cm5e 68 42 polyacrylamide polyacrylamide NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 68 43 gel gel NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 68 44 followed follow VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 68 45 by by IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 68 46 autoradiography autoradiography NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 68 47 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 69 1 The the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 69 2 low low JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 69 3 level level NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 69 4 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 69 5 fusion fusion NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 69 6 observed observe VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 69 7 in in IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 69 8 vAcS vacs NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 69 9 - - HYPH cord-310218-fky0cm5e 69 10 infected infect VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 69 11 vAcS vacs NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 69 12 - - HYPH cord-310218-fky0cm5e 69 13 infected infect VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 69 14 cells cell NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 69 15 to to IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 69 16 a a DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 69 17 level level NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 69 18 similar similar JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 69 19 to to IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 69 20 that that DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 69 21 seen see VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 69 22 in in IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 69 23 cells cell NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 69 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 69 25 Fig Fig NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 69 26 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 69 27 3C 3C NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 69 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 69 29 was be VBD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 69 30 thought think VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 69 31 to to TO cord-310218-fky0cm5e 69 32 be be VB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 69 33 due due JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 69 34 to to IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 69 35 a a DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 69 36 low low JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 69 37 level level NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 69 38 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 69 39 vAcS24nfected vacs24nfecte VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 69 40 cells cell NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 69 41 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 70 1 This this DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 70 2 result result NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 70 3 demonstrates demonstrate VBZ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 70 4 that that IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 70 5 cleavage cleavage NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 70 6 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 70 7 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 70 8 S S NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 70 9 polypeptide polypeptide NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 70 10 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 71 1 Partial partial JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 71 2 cleavage cleavage NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 71 3 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 71 4 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 71 5 cleavage cleavage NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 71 6 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 71 7 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 71 8 S S NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 71 9 precursor precursor NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 71 10 is be VBZ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 71 11 required require VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 71 12 for for IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 71 13 induction induction NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 71 14 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 71 15 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 71 16 S S NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 71 17 polypeptide polypeptide NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 71 18 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 71 19 BCV BCV NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 71 20 in in IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 71 21 Sf9 sf9 NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 71 22 cells cell NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 71 23 has have VBZ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 71 24 cell cell NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 71 25 fusion fusion NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 71 26 as as IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 71 27 previously previously RB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 71 28 reported report VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 71 29 in in IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 71 30 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 71 31 - - HYPH cord-310218-fky0cm5e 71 32 inbeen inbeen NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 71 33 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 71 34 by by IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 71 35 a a DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 71 36 pulse pulse NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 71 37 - - HYPH cord-310218-fky0cm5e 71 38 chase chase NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 71 39 experiment experiment NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 71 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 71 41 72 72 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 71 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 71 43 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 72 1 fected fected JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 72 2 cells cell NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 72 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 72 4 23 23 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 72 5 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 72 6 24 24 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 72 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 72 8 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 1 In in IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 2 order order NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 3 to to TO cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 4 further further RB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 5 determine determine VB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 6 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 7 effect effect NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 8 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 9 proteolytic proteolytic JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 10 We -PRON- PRP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 11 have have VBP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 12 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 13 that that IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 14 a a DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 15 polypeptide polypeptide NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 16 comcleavage comcleavage NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 17 on on IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 18 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 19 cell cell NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 20 fusing fuse VBG cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 21 activity activity NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 22 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 23 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 24 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 25 posed pose VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 26 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 27 signal signal JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 28 sequence sequence NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 29 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 30 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 31 .. .. . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 32 BCV BCV NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 33 HE HE NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 34 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 35 S S NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 36 polypeptide polypeptide NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 37 precursor precursor NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 38 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 39 vAcS vacs NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 40 - - HYPH cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 41 infected infect VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 42 cells cell NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 43 were be VBD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 44 followed follow VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 45 by by IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 46 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 47 S2 S2 NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 48 subunit subunit NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 49 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 50 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 51 BCV BCV NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 52 S S NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 53 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 54 treated treat VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 55 with with IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 56 20 20 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 57 pg pg NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 58 / / SYM cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 59 ml ml NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 60 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 61 trypsin trypsin NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 62 for for IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 63 10 10 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 64 min min NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 65 in in IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 66 PBS PBS NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 67 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 68 pH pH NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 69 induces induce VBZ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 70 cell cell NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 71 - - HYPH cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 72 cell cell NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 73 fusion fusion NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 74 in in IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 75 Sf9 sf9 NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 76 cells cell NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 73 77 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 74 1 Although although IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 74 2 it -PRON- PRP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 74 3 is be VBZ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 74 4 not not RB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 74 5 8.0 8.0 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 74 6 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 74 7 prior prior RB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 74 8 to to IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 74 9 a a DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 74 10 shift shift NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 74 11 to to IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 74 12 pH pH NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 74 13 5.3 5.3 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 74 14 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 75 1 As as IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 75 2 shown show VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 75 3 in in IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 75 4 Table Table NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 75 5 1 1 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 75 6 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 75 7 clear clear JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 75 8 whether whether IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 75 9 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 75 10 HE HE NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 75 11 signal signal NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 75 12 sequence sequence NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 75 13 is be VBZ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 75 14 cleaved cleave VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 75 15 in in IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 75 16 trypsin trypsin NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 75 17 treatment treatment NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 75 18 increased increase VBD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 75 19 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 75 20 extent extent NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 75 21 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 75 22 cell cell NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 75 23 fusion fusion NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 75 24 in in IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 75 25 insect insect NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 75 26 cells cell NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 75 27 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 75 28 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 75 29 alanine alanine NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 75 30 residue residue NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 75 31 at at IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 75 32 position position NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 75 33 19 19 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 75 34 derived derive VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 75 35 from from IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 75 36 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 75 37 N n CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 75 38 - - HYPH cord-310218-fky0cm5e 75 39 terminus terminus NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 75 40 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 75 41 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 75 42 S2 S2 NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 75 43 subunit subunit NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 75 44 provides provide VBZ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 75 45 a a DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 75 46 favorable favorable JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 75 47 context context NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 75 48 for for IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 75 49 cleavage cleavage NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 75 50 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 75 51 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 75 52 HE HE NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 75 53 signal signal NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 75 54 sequence sequence NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 75 55 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 75 56 25 25 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 75 57 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 75 58 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 76 1 The the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 76 2 HE HE NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 76 3 signal signal NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 76 4 peptide peptide NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 76 5 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 76 6 18 18 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 76 7 amino amino NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 76 8 acids acid NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 76 9 does do VBZ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 76 10 not not RB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 76 11 seem seem VB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 76 12 to to TO cord-310218-fky0cm5e 76 13 contribute contribute VB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 76 14 to to IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 76 15 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 76 16 fusogenicity fusogenicity NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 76 17 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 76 18 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 76 19 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 76 20 S2 S2 NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 76 21 polypeptide polypeptide NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 76 22 since since IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 76 23 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 76 24 HE HE NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 76 25 polypeptide polypeptide NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 76 26 expressed express VBD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 76 27 with with IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 76 28 BVLHE BVLHE NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 76 29 did do VBD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 76 30 not not RB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 76 31 induce induce VB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 76 32 fusion fusion NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 76 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 76 34 Fig.3B Fig.3B NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 76 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 76 36 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 77 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 77 2 have have VBP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 77 3 concluded conclude VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 77 4 that that IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 77 5 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 77 6 domain domain NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 77 7 responsible responsible JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 77 8 for for IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 77 9 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 77 10 cell cell NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 77 11 fusion fusion NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 77 12 is be VBZ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 77 13 located locate VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 77 14 on on IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 77 15 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 77 16 S2 S2 NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 77 17 subunit subunit NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 77 18 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 78 1 The the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 78 2 location location NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 78 3 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 78 4 fusion fusion NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 78 5 domain domain NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 78 6 on on IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 78 7 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 78 8 S2 S2 NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 78 9 subunit subunit NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 78 10 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 78 11 BCV BCV NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 78 12 is be VBZ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 78 13 consistent consistent JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 78 14 with with IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 78 15 previous previous JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 78 16 suggestions suggestion NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 78 17 that that IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 78 18 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 78 19 crucial crucial JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 78 20 fusogenic fusogenic JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 78 21 domain domain NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 78 22 in in IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 78 23 MHV MHV NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 78 24 resides reside VBZ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 78 25 in in IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 78 26 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 78 27 C C NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 78 28 - - HYPH cord-310218-fky0cm5e 78 29 terminal terminal NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 78 30 half half NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 78 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 78 32 S2 s2 NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 78 33 portion portion NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 78 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 78 35 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 78 36 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 78 37 peplomer peplomer NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 78 38 protein protein NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 78 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 78 40 26 26 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 78 41 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 78 42 27 27 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 78 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 78 44 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 79 1 Fusion fusion NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 79 2 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 79 3 insect insect NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 79 4 cells cell NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 79 5 infected infect VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 79 6 with with IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 79 7 vAcS vacs NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 79 8 was be VBD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 79 9 dramatically dramatically RB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 79 10 increased increase VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 79 11 by by IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 79 12 trypsin trypsin NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 79 13 treatment treatment NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 79 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 79 15 Table Table NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 79 16 1 1 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 79 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 79 18 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 80 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 80 2 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 80 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 80 4 is be VBZ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 80 5 clear clear JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 80 6 that that IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 80 7 proteolytic proteolytic JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 80 8 cleavage cleavage NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 80 9 is be VBZ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 80 10 required require VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 80 11 to to TO cord-310218-fky0cm5e 80 12 induce induce VB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 80 13 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 80 14 fusion fusion NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 80 15 activity activity NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 80 16 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 80 17 both both CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 80 18 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 80 19 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 80 20 S S NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 80 21 polypeptide polypeptide NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 80 22 in in IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 80 23 insect insect NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 80 24 cells cell NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 80 25 and and CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 80 26 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 80 27 authentic authentic JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 80 28 S S NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 80 29 polypeptide polypeptide NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 80 30 produced produce VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 80 31 in in IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 80 32 BCV BCV NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 80 33 - - HYPH cord-310218-fky0cm5e 80 34 infected infect VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 80 35 cells cell NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 80 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 80 37 14 14 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 80 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 80 39 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 81 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 81 2 has have VBZ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 81 3 been be VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 81 4 observed observe VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 81 5 that that IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 81 6 fusogenic fusogenic JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 81 7 polypeptides polypeptide NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 81 8 which which WDT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 81 9 require require VBP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 81 10 proteolytic proteolytic JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 81 11 activation activation NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 81 12 often often RB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 81 13 contain contain VBP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 81 14 a a DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 81 15 hydrophobic hydrophobic JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 81 16 domain domain NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 81 17 located locate VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 81 18 at at IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 81 19 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 81 20 N n CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 81 21 - - HYPH cord-310218-fky0cm5e 81 22 terminus terminus NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 81 23 which which WDT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 81 24 is be VBZ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 81 25 exposed expose VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 81 26 as as IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 81 27 a a DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 81 28 result result NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 81 29 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 81 30 proteolytic proteolytic JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 81 31 cleavage cleavage NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 81 32 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 81 33 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 81 34 precursor precursor NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 81 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 81 36 2 2 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 81 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 81 38 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 82 1 In in IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 82 2 other other JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 82 3 instances instance NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 82 4 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 82 5 internal internal JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 82 6 fusogenic fusogenic JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 82 7 domains domain NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 82 8 that that WDT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 82 9 are be VBP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 82 10 masked mask VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 82 11 at at IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 82 12 physiological physiological JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 82 13 pH pH NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 82 14 are be VBP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 82 15 uncovered uncover VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 82 16 and and CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 82 17 activated activate VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 82 18 by by IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 82 19 a a DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 82 20 conformational conformational JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 82 21 change change NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 82 22 which which WDT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 82 23 occurs occur VBZ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 82 24 in in IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 82 25 acidic acidic JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 82 26 compartments compartment NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 82 27 within within IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 82 28 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 82 29 infected infected JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 82 30 cell cell NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 82 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 82 32 28 28 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 82 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 82 34 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 83 1 A a DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 83 2 hydropathy hydropathy JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 83 3 plot plot NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 83 4 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 83 5 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 83 6 BCV BCV NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 83 7 S2 S2 NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 83 8 subunit subunit NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 83 9 indicates indicate VBZ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 83 10 that that IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 83 11 there there EX cord-310218-fky0cm5e 83 12 are be VBP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 83 13 seven seven CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 83 14 hydrophobic hydrophobic JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 83 15 domains domain NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 83 16 in in IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 83 17 addition addition NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 83 18 to to IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 83 19 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 83 20 putative putative JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 83 21 membrane membrane NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 83 22 anchor anchor NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 83 23 domain domain NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 83 24 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 84 1 The the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 84 2 N N NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 84 3 - - HYPH cord-310218-fky0cm5e 84 4 terminus terminus NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 84 5 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 84 6 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 84 7 S2 S2 NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 84 8 subunit subunit NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 84 9 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 84 10 BCV BCV NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 84 11 appears appear VBZ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 84 12 to to TO cord-310218-fky0cm5e 84 13 be be VB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 84 14 largely largely RB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 84 15 hydrophilic hydrophilic JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 84 16 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 85 1 The the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 85 2 first first JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 85 3 hydrophobic hydrophobic JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 85 4 domain domain NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 85 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 85 6 VTIDCSAFV vtidcsafv NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 85 7 - - HYPH cord-310218-fky0cm5e 85 8 CGDYAAC CGDYAAC NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 85 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 85 10 is be VBZ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 85 11 located locate VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 85 12 54 54 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 85 13 amino amino NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 85 14 acids acid NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 85 15 downstream downstream RB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 85 16 from from IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 85 17 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 85 18 cleavage cleavage NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 85 19 site site NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 85 20 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 85 21 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 85 22 S S NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 85 23 precursor precursor NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 85 24 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 86 1 A a DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 86 2 similar similar JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 86 3 situation situation NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 86 4 has have VBZ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 86 5 been be VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 86 6 observed observe VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 86 7 for for IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 86 8 Semliki Semliki NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 86 9 Forest Forest NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 86 10 virus virus NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 86 11 where where WRB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 86 12 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 86 13 fusogenic fusogenic JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 86 14 domain domain NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 86 15 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 86 16 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 86 17 El El NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 86 18 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 86 19 is be VBZ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 86 20 located locate VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 86 21 at at IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 86 22 amino amino NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 86 23 acids acid NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 86 24 80 80 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 86 25 - - SYM cord-310218-fky0cm5e 86 26 96 96 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 86 27 from from IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 86 28 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 86 29 N N NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 86 30 - - HYPH cord-310218-fky0cm5e 86 31 terminus terminus NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 86 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 86 33 29 29 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 86 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 86 35 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 87 1 The the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 87 2 significance significance NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 87 3 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 87 4 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 87 5 internal internal JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 87 6 hydrophobic hydrophobic JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 87 7 domains domain NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 87 8 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 87 9 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 87 10 BCV BCV NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 87 11 S2 S2 NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 87 12 subunit subunit NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 87 13 with with IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 87 14 respect respect NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 87 15 to to IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 87 16 fusogenicity fusogenicity NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 87 17 remains remain VBZ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 87 18 to to TO cord-310218-fky0cm5e 87 19 be be VB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 87 20 determined determine VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 87 21 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 88 1 Recently recently RB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 88 2 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 88 3 Sturman Sturman NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 88 4 et et NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 88 5 al al NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 88 6 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 89 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 89 2 30 30 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 89 3 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 89 4 31 31 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 89 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 89 6 have have VBP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 89 7 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 89 8 that that IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 89 9 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 89 10 both both DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 89 11 Sl Sl NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 89 12 and and CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 89 13 S2 S2 NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 89 14 subunit subunit NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 89 15 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 89 16 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 89 17 mouse mouse NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 89 18 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 89 19 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 89 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 89 21 MHVA-59 MHVA-59 NFP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 89 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 89 23 undergo undergo VB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 89 24 conformational conformational JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 89 25 changes change NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 89 26 at at IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 89 27 pH pH NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 89 28 8.0 8.0 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 89 29 and and CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 89 30 37 37 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 89 31 ' ' NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 89 32 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 89 33 resulting result VBG cord-310218-fky0cm5e 89 34 in in IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 89 35 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 89 36 release release NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 89 37 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 89 38 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 89 39 Sl Sl NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 89 40 from from IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 89 41 virions virion NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 89 42 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 90 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 90 2 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 90 3 based base VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 90 4 upon upon IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 90 5 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 90 6 observation observation NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 90 7 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 90 8 MHV MHV NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 90 9 - - HYPH cord-310218-fky0cm5e 90 10 induced induce VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 90 11 cell cell NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 90 12 fusion fusion NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 90 13 under under IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 90 14 mildly mildly RB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 90 15 alkaline alkaline JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 90 16 conditions condition NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 90 17 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 90 18 both both DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 90 19 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 90 20 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 90 21 subunits subunit NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 90 22 have have VBP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 90 23 been be VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 90 24 suggested suggest VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 90 25 to to TO cord-310218-fky0cm5e 90 26 correlate correlate VB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 90 27 with with IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 90 28 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 90 29 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 90 30 infectivity infectivity NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 90 31 and and CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 90 32 cell cell NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 90 33 fusion fusion NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 90 34 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 91 1 However however RB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 91 2 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 91 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 91 4 have have VBP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 91 5 not not RB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 91 6 detected detect VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 91 7 fusion fusion NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 91 8 with with IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 91 9 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 91 10 Sl sl NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 91 11 subunit subunit NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 91 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 91 13 Fig Fig NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 91 14 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 91 15 3D 3D NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 91 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 91 17 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 92 1 In in IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 92 2 Semliki Semliki NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 92 3 Forest Forest NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 92 4 virus virus NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 92 5 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 92 6 although although IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 92 7 both both CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 92 8 El El NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 92 9 and and CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 92 10 E2 E2 NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 92 11 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 92 12 undergo undergo VBP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 92 13 conformational conformational JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 92 14 changes change NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 92 15 at at IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 92 16 fusion fusion NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 92 17 pH ph NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 92 18 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 92 19 only only RB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 92 20 El El NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 92 21 is be VBZ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 92 22 necessary necessary JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 92 23 and and CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 92 24 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 92 25 to to TO cord-310218-fky0cm5e 92 26 mediate mediate VB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 92 27 membrane membrane NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 92 28 fusion fusion NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 92 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 92 30 32 32 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 92 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 92 32 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 93 1 Similarly similarly RB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 93 2 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 93 3 a a DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 93 4 conformational conformational JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 93 5 change change NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 93 6 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 93 7 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 93 8 BCV BCV NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 93 9 Sl Sl NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 93 10 may may MD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 93 11 be be VB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 93 12 important important JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 93 13 for for IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 93 14 exposing expose VBG cord-310218-fky0cm5e 93 15 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 93 16 fusogenic fusogenic JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 93 17 domain domain NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 93 18 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 93 19 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 93 20 S2 S2 NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 93 21 subunit subunit NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 93 22 by by IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 93 23 releasing release VBG cord-310218-fky0cm5e 93 24 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 93 25 Sl sl NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 93 26 rather rather RB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 93 27 than than IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 93 28 being be VBG cord-310218-fky0cm5e 93 29 directly directly RB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 93 30 involved involve VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 93 31 in in IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 93 32 fusogenicity fusogenicity NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 93 33 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 94 1 Acidic acidic JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 94 2 conditions condition NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 94 3 required require VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 94 4 for for IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 94 5 fusion fusion NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 94 6 in in IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 94 7 insect insect NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 94 8 cells cell NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 94 9 by by IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 94 10 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 94 11 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 94 12 S2 S2 NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 94 13 subunit subunit NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 94 14 seem seem VBP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 94 15 to to TO cord-310218-fky0cm5e 94 16 indicate indicate VB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 94 17 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 94 18 involvement involvement NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 94 19 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 94 20 an an DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 94 21 acidic acidic JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 94 22 compartment compartment NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 94 23 in in IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 94 24 initiation initiation NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 94 25 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 94 26 BCV BCV NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 94 27 infection infection NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 94 28 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 95 1 Earlier early JJR cord-310218-fky0cm5e 95 2 evidence evidence NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 95 3 also also RB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 95 4 suggested suggest VBD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 95 5 that that IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 95 6 MHV MHV NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 95 7 infection infection NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 95 8 involved involve VBD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 95 9 acidification acidification NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 95 10 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 95 11 endosomal endosomal NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 95 12 vesicles vesicle NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 95 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 95 14 33 33 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 95 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 95 16 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 96 1 However however RB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 96 2 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 96 3 fusion fusion NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 96 4 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 96 5 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 96 6 cells cell NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 96 7 infected infect VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 96 8 by by IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 96 9 BCV BCV NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 96 10 or or CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 96 11 other other JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 96 12 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 96 13 has have VBZ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 96 14 been be VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 96 15 observed observe VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 96 16 at at IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 96 17 mildly mildly RB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 96 18 alkaline alkaline JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 96 19 conditions condition NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 96 20 ranging range VBG cord-310218-fky0cm5e 96 21 from from IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 96 22 pH pH NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 96 23 7.5 7.5 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 96 24 to to IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 96 25 8.0 8.0 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 96 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 96 27 14 14 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 96 28 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 96 29 30 30 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 96 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 96 31 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 96 32 suggesting suggest VBG cord-310218-fky0cm5e 96 33 that that IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 96 34 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 96 35 may may MD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 96 36 enter enter VB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 96 37 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 96 38 target target NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 96 39 cells cell NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 96 40 by by IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 96 41 direct direct JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 96 42 fusion fusion NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 96 43 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 96 44 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 96 45 viral viral JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 96 46 envelope envelope NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 96 47 with with IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 96 48 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 96 49 plasma plasma NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 96 50 membrane membrane NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 96 51 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 97 1 In in IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 97 2 addition addition NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 97 3 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 97 4 we -PRON- PRP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 97 5 have have VBP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 97 6 previously previously RB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 97 7 observed observe VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 97 8 dramatic dramatic JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 97 9 differences difference NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 97 10 in in IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 97 11 glycosylation glycosylation NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 97 12 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 97 13 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 97 14 BCV BCV NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 97 15 spike spike NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 97 16 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 97 17 between between IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 97 18 insect insect NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 97 19 cells cell NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 97 20 and and CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 97 21 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 97 22 cells cell NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 97 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 97 24 12 12 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 97 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 97 26 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 98 1 The the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 98 2 glycosylation glycosylation NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 98 3 differences difference NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 98 4 may may MD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 98 5 result result VB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 98 6 in in IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 98 7 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 98 8 conformational conformational JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 98 9 changes change NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 98 10 and and CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 98 11 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 98 12 altered altered JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 98 13 optimum optimum JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 98 14 pH ph NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 98 15 for for IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 98 16 fusogenicity fusogenicity NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 98 17 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 98 18 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 98 19 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 98 20 S2 S2 NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 98 21 subunit subunit NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 98 22 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 99 1 Thus thus RB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 99 2 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 99 3 expression expression NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 99 4 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 99 5 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 99 6 S2 S2 NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 99 7 subunit subunit NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 99 8 polypeptide polypeptide NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 99 9 in in IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 99 10 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 99 11 cells cell NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 99 12 should should MD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 99 13 help help VB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 99 14 to to TO cord-310218-fky0cm5e 99 15 determine determine VB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 99 16 if if IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 99 17 posttranslational posttranslational JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 99 18 processing processing NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 99 19 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 99 20 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 99 21 S2 S2 NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 99 22 subunit subunit NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 99 23 has have VBZ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 99 24 a a DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 99 25 direct direct JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 99 26 bearing bearing NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 99 27 on on IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 99 28 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 99 29 ability ability NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 99 30 to to TO cord-310218-fky0cm5e 99 31 mediate mediate VB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 99 32 cell cell NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 99 33 fusion fusion NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 99 34 at at IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 99 35 alkaline alkaline JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 100 1 pH. pH. NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 100 2 Previous Previous NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 100 3 reports report NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 100 4 have have VBP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 100 5 indicated indicate VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 100 6 that that IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 100 7 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 100 8 S2 S2 NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 100 9 subunit subunit NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 100 10 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 100 11 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 100 12 S S NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 100 13 polypeptides polypeptide NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 100 14 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 100 15 other other JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 100 16 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 100 17 contain contain VBP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 100 18 neutralizing neutralize VBG cord-310218-fky0cm5e 100 19 epitopes epitope NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 100 20 as as RB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 100 21 well well RB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 100 22 as as IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 100 23 determinants determinant NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 100 24 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 100 25 virulence virulence NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 100 26 and and CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 100 27 tissue tissue NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 100 28 tropism tropism NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 100 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 100 30 26 26 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 100 31 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 100 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 100 33 34 34 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 100 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 100 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 100 36 35 35 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 100 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 100 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 100 39 36 36 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 100 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 100 41 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 101 1 Deregt Deregt NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 101 2 et et FW cord-310218-fky0cm5e 101 3 al al NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 101 4 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 102 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 102 2 5 5 LS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 102 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 102 4 have have VBP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 102 5 produced produce VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 102 6 a a DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 102 7 panel panel NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 102 8 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 102 9 monoclonal monoclonal JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 102 10 antibodies antibody NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 102 11 specific specific JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 102 12 for for IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 102 13 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 102 14 S S NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 102 15 polypeptide polypeptide NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 102 16 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 102 17 bovine bovine JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 102 18 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 102 19 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 102 20 all all DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 102 21 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 102 22 which which WDT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 102 23 bind bind VBP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 102 24 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 102 25 Sl sl NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 102 26 subunit subunit NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 102 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 102 28 12 12 CD cord-310218-fky0cm5e 102 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-310218-fky0cm5e 102 30 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 103 1 As as IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 103 2 fusion fusion NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 103 3 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 103 4 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 103 5 viral viral JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 103 6 envelope envelope NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 103 7 with with IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 103 8 cellular cellular JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 103 9 membranes membrane NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 103 10 is be VBZ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 103 11 a a DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 103 12 critical critical JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 103 13 requirement requirement NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 103 14 for for IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 103 15 virus virus NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 103 16 infection infection NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 103 17 , , , cord-310218-fky0cm5e 103 18 we -PRON- PRP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 103 19 are be VBP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 103 20 preparing prepare VBG cord-310218-fky0cm5e 103 21 antisera antisera NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 103 22 directed direct VBN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 103 23 against against IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 103 24 specific specific JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 103 25 regions region NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 103 26 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 103 27 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 103 28 S2 S2 NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 103 29 subunit subunit NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 103 30 in in IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 103 31 order order NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 103 32 to to TO cord-310218-fky0cm5e 103 33 identify identify VB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 103 34 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 103 35 amino amino NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 103 36 acids acid NNS cord-310218-fky0cm5e 103 37 mediating mediate VBG cord-310218-fky0cm5e 103 38 membrane membrane NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 103 39 fusion fusion NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 103 40 and and CC cord-310218-fky0cm5e 103 41 to to TO cord-310218-fky0cm5e 103 42 determine determine VB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 103 43 if if IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 103 44 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 103 45 fusogenic fusogenic JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 103 46 domain domain NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 103 47 of of IN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 103 48 the the DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 103 49 S2 S2 NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 103 50 polypeptide polypeptide NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 103 51 constitutes constitute VBZ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 103 52 an an DT cord-310218-fky0cm5e 103 53 important important JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 103 54 immunological immunological JJ cord-310218-fky0cm5e 103 55 determinant determinant NN cord-310218-fky0cm5e 103 56 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 104 1 Proc proc VB cord-310218-fky0cm5e 104 2 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 105 1 Nat/. Nat/. NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 105 2 Acad Acad NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 105 3 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 106 1 Sci Sci NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 106 2 . . NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 106 3 USA USA NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 106 4 Proc Proc NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 106 5 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 107 1 Natl Natl NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 107 2 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 108 1 Acad Acad NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 108 2 . . . cord-310218-fky0cm5e 109 1 Sci Sci NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 109 2 . . NNP cord-310218-fky0cm5e 109 3 USA USA NNP