id sid tid token lemma pos cord-345088-krb1eidw 1 1 key key JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 1 2 : : : cord-345088-krb1eidw 1 3 cord-345088-krb1eidw cord-345088-krb1eidw JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 1 4 authors author NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 1 5 : : : cord-345088-krb1eidw 1 6 Shen Shen NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 1 7 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 1 8 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 1 9 ; ; : cord-345088-krb1eidw 1 10 Law Law NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 1 11 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 1 12 Y.C Y.C NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 1 13 ; ; : cord-345088-krb1eidw 1 14 Liu Liu NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 1 15 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 2 1 D.X D.X NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 2 2 title title NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 2 3 : : : cord-345088-krb1eidw 2 4 A a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 2 5 single single JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 2 6 amino amino NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 2 7 acid acid NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 2 8 mutation mutation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 2 9 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 2 10 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 2 11 spike spike NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 2 12 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 2 13 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 2 14 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 2 15 infectious infectious JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 2 16 bronchitis bronchitis NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 2 17 virus virus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 2 18 hampers hamper VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 2 19 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-345088-krb1eidw 2 20 maturation maturation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 2 21 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 2 22 incorporation incorporation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 2 23 into into IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 2 24 virions virion NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 2 25 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 2 26 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 2 27 nonpermissive nonpermissive JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 2 28 temperature temperature NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 2 29 date date NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 3 1 : : : cord-345088-krb1eidw 3 2 2004 2004 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 3 3 - - SYM cord-345088-krb1eidw 3 4 09 09 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 3 5 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 3 6 01 01 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 3 7 journal journal NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 3 8 : : : cord-345088-krb1eidw 4 1 Virology virology NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 4 2 DOI DOI NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 4 3 : : : cord-345088-krb1eidw 4 4 10.1016 10.1016 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 4 5 / / SYM cord-345088-krb1eidw 4 6 j.virol.2004.06.016 j.virol.2004.06.016 UH cord-345088-krb1eidw 4 7 sha sha NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 4 8 : : : cord-345088-krb1eidw 4 9 40b31b93eef7fc336903f06b272c89a161f01c21 40b31b93eef7fc336903f06b272c89a161f01c21 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 4 10 doc_id doc_id CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 4 11 : : : cord-345088-krb1eidw 4 12 345088 345088 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 4 13 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 4 14 : : : cord-345088-krb1eidw 5 1 krb1eidw krb1eidw NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 6 1 The the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 6 2 spike spike NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 6 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 6 4 S s NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 6 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 6 6 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 6 7 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 6 8 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 6 9 is be VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 6 10 responsible responsible JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 6 11 for for IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 6 12 receptor receptor NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 6 13 binding binding NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 6 14 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 6 15 membrane membrane NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 6 16 fusion fusion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 6 17 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 7 1 A a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 7 2 number number NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 7 3 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 7 4 variants variant NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 7 5 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 7 6 deletions deletion NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 7 7 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 7 8 mutations mutation NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 7 9 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 7 10 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 7 11 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 7 12 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 7 13 have have VBP cord-345088-krb1eidw 7 14 been be VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 7 15 isolated isolate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 7 16 from from IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 7 17 naturally naturally RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 7 18 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 7 19 persistently persistently RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 7 20 infected infected JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 7 21 animals animal NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 7 22 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 7 23 tissue tissue NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 7 24 cultures culture NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 7 25 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 8 1 Here here RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 8 2 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 8 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-345088-krb1eidw 8 4 report report VBP cord-345088-krb1eidw 8 5 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 8 6 emergence emergence NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 8 7 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 8 8 isolation isolation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 8 9 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 8 10 two two CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 8 11 temperature temperature NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 8 12 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 8 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 8 14 ts ts NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 8 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 8 16 mutants mutant NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 8 17 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 8 18 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 8 19 revertant revertant NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 8 20 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 8 21 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 8 22 process process NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 8 23 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 8 24 cold cold JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 8 25 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 8 26 adaptation adaptation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 8 27 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 8 28 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 8 29 infectious infectious JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 8 30 bronchitis bronchitis NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 8 31 virus virus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 8 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 8 33 IBV IBV NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 8 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 8 35 to to IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 8 36 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 8 37 monkey monkey NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 8 38 kidney kidney NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 8 39 cell cell NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 8 40 line line NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 8 41 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 9 1 The the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 9 2 complete complete JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 9 3 sequences sequence NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 9 4 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 9 5 wild wild JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 9 6 type type NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 9 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 9 8 wt wt NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 9 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 9 10 virus virus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 9 11 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 9 12 two two CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 9 13 ts ts JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 9 14 mutants mutant NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 9 15 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 9 16 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 9 17 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 9 18 revertant revertant NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 9 19 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 9 20 compared compare VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 9 21 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 9 22 variations variation NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 9 23 linked link VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 9 24 to to IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 9 25 phenotypes phenotype NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 9 26 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 9 27 mapped map VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 9 28 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 10 1 A a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 10 2 single single JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 10 3 amino amino NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 10 4 acid acid NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 10 5 reversion reversion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 10 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 10 7 L(294)-to l(294)-to NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 10 8 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 10 9 Q Q NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 10 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 10 11 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 10 12 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 10 13 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 10 14 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 10 15 is be VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 10 16 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 10 17 to to TO cord-345088-krb1eidw 10 18 abrogate abrogate VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 10 19 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 10 20 ts ts NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 10 21 phenotype phenotype NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 10 22 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 11 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 11 2 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 11 3 unlike unlike IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 11 4 wt wt NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 11 5 virus virus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 11 6 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 11 7 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 11 8 revertant revertant NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 11 9 grows grow VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 11 10 well well RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 11 11 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 11 12 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 11 13 below below IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 11 14 32 32 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 11 15 ° ° NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 11 16 C c NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 11 17 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 11 18 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 11 19 permissive permissive JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 11 20 temperature temperature NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 11 21 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 11 22 as as IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 11 23 it -PRON- PRP cord-345088-krb1eidw 11 24 carries carry VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 11 25 other other JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 11 26 mutations mutation NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 11 27 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 11 28 multiple multiple JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 11 29 genes gene NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 11 30 that that WDT cord-345088-krb1eidw 11 31 might may MD cord-345088-krb1eidw 11 32 be be VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 11 33 associated associate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 11 34 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 11 35 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 11 36 cold cold JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 11 37 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 11 38 adaptation adaptation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 11 39 phenotype phenotype NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 11 40 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 12 1 If if IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 12 2 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 12 3 two two CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 12 4 ts t NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 12 5 mutants mutant NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 12 6 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 12 7 allowed allow VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 12 8 to to TO cord-345088-krb1eidw 12 9 enter enter VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 12 10 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 12 11 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 12 12 32 32 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 12 13 ° ° NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 12 14 C c NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 12 15 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 12 16 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 12 17 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 12 18 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 12 19 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 12 20 synthesized synthesize VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 12 21 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 12 22 core core NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 12 23 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 12 24 glycosylated glycosylated JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 12 25 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 12 26 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 12 27 least least JJS cord-345088-krb1eidw 12 28 partially partially RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 12 29 modified modify VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 12 30 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 12 31 40 40 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 12 32 ° ° NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 12 33 C c NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 12 34 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 13 1 However however RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 13 2 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 13 3 compared compare VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 13 4 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 13 5 wt wt NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 13 6 virus virus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 13 7 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 13 8 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 13 9 revertant revertant NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 13 10 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 13 11 no no DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 13 12 infectious infectious JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 13 13 particles particle NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 13 14 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 13 15 these these DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 13 16 ts ts JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 13 17 mutants mutant NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 13 18 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 13 19 assembled assemble VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 13 20 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 13 21 released release VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 13 22 from from IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 13 23 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 13 24 ts ts NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 13 25 mutant mutant NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 13 26 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 13 27 infected infect VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 13 28 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 13 29 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 13 30 40 40 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 13 31 ° ° NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 13 32 C c NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 13 33 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 14 1 Evidence evidence NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 14 2 presented present VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 14 3 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 14 4 that that IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 14 5 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 14 6 Q(294)-to Q(294)-to NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 14 7 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 14 8 L(294 L(294 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 14 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 14 10 mutation mutation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 14 11 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 14 12 located locate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 14 13 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 14 14 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 14 15 highly highly RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 14 16 conserved conserved JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 14 17 domain domain NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 14 18 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 14 19 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 14 20 S1 S1 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 14 21 subunit subunit NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 14 22 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 14 23 might may MD cord-345088-krb1eidw 14 24 hamper hamper VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 14 25 processing processing NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 14 26 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 14 27 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 14 28 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 14 29 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 14 30 to to IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 14 31 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 14 32 matured mature VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 14 33 180-kDa 180-kda CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 14 34 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 14 35 endo endo NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 14 36 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 14 37 glycosidase glycosidase NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 14 38 H h NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 14 39 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 14 40 resistant resistant JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 14 41 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 14 42 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 14 43 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 14 44 translocation translocation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 14 45 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 14 46 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 14 47 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 14 48 to to IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 14 49 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 14 50 cell cell NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 14 51 surface surface NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 14 52 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 15 1 Consequently consequently RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 15 2 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 15 3 some some DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 15 4 essential essential JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 15 5 functions function NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 15 6 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 15 7 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 15 8 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 15 9 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 15 10 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 15 11 including include VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 15 12 mediation mediation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 15 13 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 15 14 cell cell NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 15 15 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 15 16 to to IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 15 17 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 15 18 cell cell NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 15 19 fusion fusion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 15 20 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 15 21 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-345088-krb1eidw 15 22 incorporation incorporation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 15 23 into into IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 15 24 virions virion NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 15 25 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 15 26 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 15 27 completely completely RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 15 28 abolished abolish VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 15 29 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 16 1 The the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 16 2 Coronaviridae Coronaviridae NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 16 3 family family NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 16 4 contains contain VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 16 5 causative causative JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 16 6 agents agent NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 16 7 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 16 8 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 16 9 wide wide JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 16 10 spectrum spectrum NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 16 11 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 16 12 diseases disease NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 16 13 affecting affect VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 16 14 humans human NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 16 15 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 16 16 mammals mammal NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 16 17 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 16 18 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 16 19 birds bird NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 16 20 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 17 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-345088-krb1eidw 17 2 is be VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 17 3 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 17 4 etiologic etiologic JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 17 5 agent agent NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 17 6 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 17 7 severe severe JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 17 8 acute acute JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 17 9 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 17 10 syndrome syndrome NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 17 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 17 12 Drosten Drosten NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 17 13 et et FW cord-345088-krb1eidw 17 14 al al NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 17 15 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 18 1 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 18 2 2003 2003 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 18 3 ; ; : cord-345088-krb1eidw 18 4 Fouchier Fouchier NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 18 5 et et NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 18 6 al al NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 18 7 . . NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 18 8 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 18 9 2003 2003 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 18 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 18 11 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 19 1 The the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 19 2 molecular molecular JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 19 3 basis basis NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 19 4 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 19 5 host host NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 19 6 specificity specificity NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 19 7 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 19 8 tissue tissue NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 19 9 or or CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 19 10 cell cell NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 19 11 tropism tropism NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 19 12 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 19 13 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 19 14 partially partially RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 19 15 resides reside VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 19 16 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 19 17 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 19 18 specific specific JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 19 19 interaction interaction NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 19 20 between between IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 19 21 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 19 22 surface surface NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 19 23 spike spike NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 19 24 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 19 25 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 19 26 cellular cellular JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 19 27 receptor(s receptor(s NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 19 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 19 29 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 20 1 This this DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 20 2 interaction interaction NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 20 3 would would MD cord-345088-krb1eidw 20 4 determine determine VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 20 5 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 20 6 outcome outcome NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 20 7 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 20 8 infection infection NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 20 9 : : : cord-345088-krb1eidw 20 10 whether whether IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 20 11 it -PRON- PRP cord-345088-krb1eidw 20 12 is be VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 20 13 acute acute JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 20 14 or or CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 20 15 chronic chronic JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 20 16 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 20 17 persistent persistent JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 20 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 20 19 Rowe Rowe NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 20 20 et et NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 20 21 al al NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 20 22 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 21 1 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 21 2 1997a 1997a CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 21 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 21 4 Rowe Rowe NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 21 5 et et NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 21 6 al al NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 21 7 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 22 1 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 22 2 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 22 3 1997b 1997b CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 22 4 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 22 5 which which WDT cord-345088-krb1eidw 22 6 organs organ NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 22 7 or or CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 22 8 tissues tissue NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 22 9 are be VBP cord-345088-krb1eidw 22 10 targeted target VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 22 11 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 22 12 what what WDT cord-345088-krb1eidw 22 13 symptoms symptom NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 22 14 are be VBP cord-345088-krb1eidw 22 15 shown show VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 23 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 23 2 Ballesteros Ballesteros NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 23 3 et et NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 23 4 al al NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 23 5 . . NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 23 6 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 23 7 1997 1997 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 24 1 ; ; : cord-345088-krb1eidw 24 2 Leparc Leparc NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 24 3 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 24 4 Goffart Goffart NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 24 5 et et NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 24 6 al al NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 24 7 . . NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 24 8 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 24 9 1997 1997 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 24 10 ; ; : cord-345088-krb1eidw 24 11 Navas Navas NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 24 12 et et NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 24 13 al al NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 24 14 . . NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 24 15 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 24 16 2001 2001 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 24 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 24 18 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 24 19 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 24 20 even even RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 24 21 whether whether IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 24 22 host host NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 24 23 specificity specificity NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 24 24 is be VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 24 25 changed change VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 25 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 25 2 Kuo Kuo NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 25 3 et et NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 25 4 al al NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 25 5 . . NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 25 6 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 25 7 2000 2000 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 25 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 25 9 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 26 1 Coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 26 2 are be VBP cord-345088-krb1eidw 26 3 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 26 4 group group NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 26 5 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 26 6 enveloped envelop VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 26 7 RNA RNA NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 26 8 viruses virus NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 26 9 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 26 10 positive positive JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 26 11 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 26 12 sense sense NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 26 13 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 26 14 single single RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 26 15 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 26 16 stranded strand VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 26 17 genomes genome NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 26 18 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 26 19 27 27 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 26 20 to to TO cord-345088-krb1eidw 26 21 32 32 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 26 22 kb kb NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 26 23 that that WDT cord-345088-krb1eidw 26 24 are be VBP cord-345088-krb1eidw 26 25 packaged package VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 26 26 into into IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 26 27 helical helical JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 26 28 structures structure NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 26 29 by by IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 26 30 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 26 31 nucleocapsid nucleocapsid NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 26 32 protein protein NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 26 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 26 34 N N NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 26 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 26 36 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 27 1 The the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 27 2 viruses virus NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 27 3 acquire acquire VBP cord-345088-krb1eidw 27 4 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-345088-krb1eidw 27 5 envelopes envelope NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 27 6 by by IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 27 7 budding bud VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 27 8 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 27 9 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 27 10 structural structural JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 27 11 components component NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 27 12 into into IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 27 13 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 27 14 intermediate intermediate JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 27 15 compartment compartment NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 27 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 27 17 IC IC NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 27 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 27 19 between between IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 27 20 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 27 21 endoplasmic endoplasmic NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 27 22 reticulum reticulum NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 27 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 27 24 ER ER NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 27 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 27 26 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 27 27 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 27 28 Golgi Golgi NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 27 29 apparatus apparatus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 27 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 27 31 Krijnse Krijnse NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 27 32 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 27 33 Locker Locker NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 27 34 et et FW cord-345088-krb1eidw 27 35 al al NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 27 36 . . NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 27 37 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 27 38 1994 1994 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 27 39 ; ; : cord-345088-krb1eidw 27 40 Lai Lai NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 27 41 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 27 42 Cavanagh Cavanagh NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 27 43 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 27 44 1998 1998 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 27 45 ; ; : cord-345088-krb1eidw 27 46 Tooze Tooze NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 27 47 et et NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 27 48 al al NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 27 49 . . NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 27 50 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 27 51 1984 1984 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 27 52 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 27 53 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 28 1 The the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 28 2 membrane membrane NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 28 3 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 28 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 28 5 M M NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 28 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 28 7 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 28 8 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 28 9 envelope envelope NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 28 10 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 28 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 28 12 E e NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 28 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 28 14 mediate mediate VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 28 15 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 28 16 formation formation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 28 17 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 28 18 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 28 19 envelope envelope NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 28 20 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 28 21 as as IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 28 22 they -PRON- PRP cord-345088-krb1eidw 28 23 are be VBP cord-345088-krb1eidw 28 24 involved involve VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 28 25 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 28 26 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 28 27 induction induction NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 28 28 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 28 29 virion virion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 28 30 assembly assembly NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 28 31 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 28 32 incorporation incorporation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 28 33 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 28 34 other other JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 28 35 structural structural JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 28 36 components component NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 28 37 into into IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 28 38 virus virus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 28 39 particles particle NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 28 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 28 41 Vennema Vennema NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 28 42 et et FW cord-345088-krb1eidw 28 43 al al NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 28 44 . . NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 28 45 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 28 46 1996 1996 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 28 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 28 48 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 29 1 The the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 29 2 spike spike NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 29 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 29 4 S s NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 29 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 29 6 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 29 7 incorporate incorporate VBP cord-345088-krb1eidw 29 8 into into IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 29 9 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 29 10 envelope envelope NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 29 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 29 12 de de FW cord-345088-krb1eidw 29 13 Haan Haan NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 29 14 et et FW cord-345088-krb1eidw 29 15 al al NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 29 16 . . NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 29 17 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 29 18 1999 1999 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 29 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 29 20 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 29 21 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 29 22 form form NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 29 23 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 29 24 homooligomeric homooligomeric NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 29 25 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 29 26 20 20 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 29 27 nm nm NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 29 28 projections projection NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 29 29 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 29 30 giving give VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 29 31 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 29 32 distinctive distinctive JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 29 33 morphology morphology NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 29 34 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 29 35 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 29 36 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 29 37 virion virion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 29 38 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 30 1 Some some DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 30 2 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 30 3 also also RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 30 4 contain contain VBP cord-345088-krb1eidw 30 5 another another DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 30 6 envelope envelope NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 30 7 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 30 8 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 30 9 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 30 10 hemagglutinin hemagglutinin NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 30 11 esterase esterase NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 30 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 30 13 HE HE NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 30 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 30 15 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 31 1 The the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 31 2 largest large JJS cord-345088-krb1eidw 31 3 structural structural JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 31 4 S s NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 31 5 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 31 6 is be VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 31 7 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 31 8 type type NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 31 9 I -PRON- PRP cord-345088-krb1eidw 31 10 integral integral JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 31 11 membrane membrane NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 31 12 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 31 13 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 31 14 spans span VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 31 15 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 31 16 viral viral JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 31 17 envelope envelope NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 31 18 once once RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 31 19 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 32 1 In in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 32 2 some some DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 32 3 cases case NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 32 4 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 32 5 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 32 6 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 32 7 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 32 8 is be VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 32 9 proteolytically proteolytically RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 32 10 cleaved cleave VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 32 11 into into IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 32 12 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 32 13 N n CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 32 14 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 32 15 terminal terminal NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 32 16 S1 s1 NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 32 17 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 32 18 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 32 19 C C NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 32 20 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 32 21 terminal terminal NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 32 22 S2 s2 NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 32 23 subunits subunit NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 32 24 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 32 25 equal equal JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 32 26 size size NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 32 27 by by IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 32 28 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 32 29 host host NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 32 30 proteinase proteinase NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 32 31 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 33 1 The the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 33 2 S1 S1 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 33 3 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 33 4 S2 s2 NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 33 5 subunits subunit NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 33 6 are be VBP cord-345088-krb1eidw 33 7 noncovalently noncovalently RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 33 8 associated associate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 33 9 to to IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 33 10 each each DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 33 11 other other JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 33 12 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 34 1 A a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 34 2 hydrophobic hydrophobic JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 34 3 transmembrane transmembrane NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 34 4 domain domain NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 34 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 34 6 TM TM NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 34 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 34 8 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 34 9 S2 S2 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 34 10 anchors anchor NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 34 11 on on IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 34 12 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 34 13 envelope envelope NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 34 14 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 34 15 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 34 16 short short JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 34 17 cytoplasmic cytoplasmic JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 34 18 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 34 19 tail tail NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 34 20 inside inside RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 34 21 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 35 1 One one CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 35 2 Leucine leucine NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 35 3 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 35 4 zipper zipper NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 35 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 35 6 heptad heptad NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 35 7 repeats repeat VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 35 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 35 9 domain domain NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 35 10 overlaps overlap VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 35 11 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 35 12 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 35 13 TM TM NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 35 14 domain domain NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 35 15 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 35 16 another another DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 35 17 extends extend VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 35 18 outside outside IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 35 19 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 35 20 envelope envelope NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 35 21 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 35 22 folding fold VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 35 23 into into IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 35 24 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 35 25 - - : cord-345088-krb1eidw 35 26 helices helix NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 35 27 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 35 28 coiled coil VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 35 29 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 35 30 coil coil NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 35 31 structures structure NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 35 32 involved involve VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 35 33 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 35 34 oligomerization oligomerization NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 35 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 35 36 de de FW cord-345088-krb1eidw 35 37 Groot Groot NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 35 38 et et FW cord-345088-krb1eidw 35 39 al al NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 35 40 . . NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 35 41 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 35 42 1987 1987 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 35 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 35 44 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 36 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-345088-krb1eidw 36 2 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 36 3 found find VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 36 4 that that IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 36 5 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 36 6 TM TM NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 36 7 domain domain NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 36 8 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 36 9 endodomain endodomain NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 36 10 mediated mediate VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 36 11 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 36 12 incorporation incorporation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 36 13 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 36 14 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 36 15 into into IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 36 16 virions virion NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 36 17 but but CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 36 18 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 36 19 details detail NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 36 20 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 36 21 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 36 22 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 36 23 / / SYM cord-345088-krb1eidw 36 24 M M NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 36 25 interaction interaction NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 36 26 remain remain VBP cord-345088-krb1eidw 36 27 to to TO cord-345088-krb1eidw 36 28 be be VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 36 29 elucidated elucidate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 36 30 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 37 1 Although although IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 37 2 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 37 3 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 37 4 is be VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 37 5 dispensable dispensable JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 37 6 for for IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 37 7 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 37 8 formation formation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 37 9 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 37 10 virus virus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 37 11 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 37 12 like like JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 37 13 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 37 14 particles particle NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 37 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 37 16 VLPs VLPs NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 37 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 37 18 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 37 19 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-345088-krb1eidw 37 20 incorporation incorporation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 37 21 into into IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 37 22 virion virion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 37 23 is be VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 37 24 critical critical JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 37 25 to to IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 37 26 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 37 27 assembly assembly NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 37 28 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 37 29 infectious infectious JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 37 30 virus virus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 37 31 particles particle NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 37 32 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 38 1 The the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 38 2 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 38 3 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 38 4 is be VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 38 5 cotranslationally cotranslationally RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 38 6 N n CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 38 7 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 38 8 glycosylated glycosylate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 38 9 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 38 10 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 38 11 ER er NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 38 12 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 38 13 also also RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 38 14 forms form VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 38 15 stable stable JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 38 16 complex complex NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 38 17 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 38 18 M M NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 38 19 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 38 20 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 38 21 pre pre JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 38 22 - - JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 38 23 Golgi golgi JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 38 24 membrane membrane NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 39 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 39 2 Holmes Holmes NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 39 3 et et NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 39 4 al al NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 39 5 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 40 1 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 40 2 1981 1981 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 40 3 ; ; : cord-345088-krb1eidw 40 4 Opstelten Opstelten NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 40 5 et et NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 40 6 al al NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 40 7 . . NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 40 8 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 40 9 1995 1995 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 40 10 ; ; : cord-345088-krb1eidw 40 11 Sturman Sturman NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 40 12 et et NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 40 13 al al NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 40 14 . . NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 40 15 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 40 16 1985 1985 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 40 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 40 18 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 41 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-345088-krb1eidw 41 2 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 41 3 then then RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 41 4 transported transport VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 41 5 to to IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 41 6 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 41 7 Golgi Golgi NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 41 8 apparatus apparatus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 41 9 where where WRB cord-345088-krb1eidw 41 10 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-345088-krb1eidw 41 11 high high JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 41 12 mannose mannose NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 41 13 side side NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 41 14 chains chain NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 41 15 are be VBP cord-345088-krb1eidw 41 16 subsequently subsequently RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 41 17 trimmed trim VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 41 18 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 41 19 further further RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 41 20 modified modify VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 41 21 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 42 1 The the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 42 2 matured matured JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 42 3 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 42 4 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 42 5 is be VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 42 6 an an DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 42 7 Endo endo NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 42 8 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 42 9 glycosidase glycosidase NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 42 10 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 42 11 H h NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 42 12 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 42 13 resistant resistant JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 42 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 42 15 Endo endo NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 42 16 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 42 17 H H NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 42 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 42 19 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 42 20 180-kDa 180-kda CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 42 21 form form NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 42 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 42 23 Luytjes Luytjes NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 42 24 et et NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 42 25 al al NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 42 26 . . NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 42 27 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 42 28 1997 1997 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 42 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 42 30 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 43 1 At at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 43 2 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 43 3 trans trans NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 43 4 - - NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 43 5 Golgi Golgi NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 43 6 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 43 7 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 43 8 matured mature VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 43 9 virions virion NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 43 10 are be VBP cord-345088-krb1eidw 43 11 encapsulated encapsulate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 43 12 into into IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 43 13 vesicles vesicle NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 43 14 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 43 15 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 43 16 constitutive constitutive JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 43 17 secretory secretory JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 43 18 pathway pathway NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 43 19 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 43 20 released release VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 43 21 from from IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 43 22 infected infected JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 43 23 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 43 24 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 44 1 A a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 44 2 portion portion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 44 3 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 44 4 S s NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 44 5 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 44 6 might may MD cord-345088-krb1eidw 44 7 be be VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 44 8 transported transport VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 44 9 to to IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 44 10 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 44 11 plasma plasma NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 44 12 membrane membrane NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 44 13 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 44 14 responsible responsible JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 44 15 for for IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 44 16 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 44 17 cell cell NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 44 18 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 44 19 to to IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 44 20 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 44 21 cell cell NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 44 22 membrane membrane NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 44 23 fusion fusion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 44 24 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 44 25 resulting result VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 44 26 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 44 27 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 44 28 formation formation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 44 29 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 44 30 typical typical JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 44 31 syncycia syncycia NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 44 32 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 44 33 spread spread NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 44 34 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 44 35 virus virus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 44 36 infection infection NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 44 37 to to IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 44 38 neighboring neighboring NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 44 39 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 44 40 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 45 1 The the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 45 2 TM TM NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 45 3 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 45 4 Cysrich Cysrich NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 45 5 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 45 6 Leucine Leucine NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 45 7 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 45 8 zipper zipper NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 45 9 domains domain NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 45 10 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 45 11 S2 s2 NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 45 12 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 45 13 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 45 14 disparate disparate JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 45 15 region region NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 45 16 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 45 17 S1 S1 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 45 18 are be VBP cord-345088-krb1eidw 45 19 associated associate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 45 20 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 45 21 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 45 22 membrane membrane NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 45 23 fusion fusion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 45 24 activity activity NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 45 25 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 45 26 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 45 27 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 46 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 46 2 Chang Chang NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 46 3 et et NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 46 4 al al NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 46 5 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 47 1 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 47 2 2000 2000 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 47 3 ; ; : cord-345088-krb1eidw 47 4 Gallagher Gallagher NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 47 5 et et NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 47 6 al al NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 47 7 . . NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 47 8 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 47 9 1991 1991 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 47 10 ; ; : cord-345088-krb1eidw 47 11 Krueger Krueger NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 47 12 et et NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 47 13 al al NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 47 14 . . NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 47 15 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 47 16 2001 2001 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 47 17 ; ; : cord-345088-krb1eidw 48 1 Luo Luo NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 48 2 et et NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 48 3 al al NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 48 4 . . NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 48 5 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 48 6 1999 1999 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 48 7 ; ; : cord-345088-krb1eidw 48 8 Tsai Tsai NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 48 9 et et NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 48 10 al al NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 48 11 . . NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 48 12 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 48 13 1999 1999 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 48 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 48 15 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 49 1 Cleavage cleavage NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 49 2 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 49 3 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 49 4 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 49 5 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 49 6 enhances enhance VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 49 7 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 49 8 membrane membrane NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 49 9 fusion fusion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 49 10 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 49 11 though though IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 49 12 not not RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 49 13 necessarily necessarily RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 49 14 required require VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 49 15 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 50 1 The the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 50 2 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 50 3 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 50 4 contains contain VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 50 5 receptor receptor NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 50 6 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 50 7 binding bind VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 50 8 domains domain NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 50 9 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 50 10 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 50 11 S1 s1 NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 50 12 subunit subunit NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 50 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 50 14 Kubo Kubo NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 50 15 et et FW cord-345088-krb1eidw 50 16 al al NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 50 17 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 51 1 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 51 2 1994 1994 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 51 3 ; ; : cord-345088-krb1eidw 51 4 Godet Godet NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 51 5 et et NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 51 6 al al NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 51 7 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 52 1 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 52 2 1994 1994 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 52 3 ; ; : cord-345088-krb1eidw 52 4 Saeki Saeki NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 52 5 et et FW cord-345088-krb1eidw 52 6 al al NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 52 7 . . NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 52 8 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 52 9 1997 1997 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 52 10 ; ; : cord-345088-krb1eidw 52 11 Suzuki Suzuki NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 52 12 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 52 13 Taguchi Taguchi NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 52 14 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 52 15 1996 1996 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 52 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 52 17 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 53 1 Upon upon IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 53 2 binding bind VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 53 3 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 53 4 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 53 5 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 53 6 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 53 7 to to IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 53 8 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 53 9 receptor(s receptor(s NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 53 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 53 11 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 53 12 conformation conformation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 53 13 changes change NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 53 14 induce induce VBP cord-345088-krb1eidw 53 15 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 53 16 virus virus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 53 17 -cell -cell CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 53 18 membrane membrane NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 53 19 fusion fusion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 53 20 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 53 21 subsequently subsequently RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 53 22 unloading unload VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 53 23 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 53 24 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 53 25 ribonucleocapsid ribonucleocapsid NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 53 26 inside inside IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 53 27 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 53 28 cell cell NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 53 29 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 54 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-345088-krb1eidw 54 2 has have VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 54 3 been be VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 54 4 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 54 5 that that IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 54 6 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 54 7 cell cell NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 54 8 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 54 9 to to IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 54 10 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 54 11 cell cell NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 54 12 spread spread NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 54 13 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 54 14 MHV MHV NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 54 15 infection infection NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 54 16 does do VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 54 17 not not RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 54 18 need need VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 54 19 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 54 20 presence presence NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 54 21 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 54 22 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 54 23 receptor receptor NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 54 24 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 54 25 but but CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 54 26 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 54 27 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 54 28 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 54 29 is be VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 54 30 required require VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 54 31 to to TO cord-345088-krb1eidw 54 32 mediate mediate VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 54 33 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 54 34 cell cell NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 54 35 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 54 36 to to IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 54 37 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 54 38 cell cell NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 54 39 fusion fusion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 54 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 54 41 Gallagher Gallagher NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 54 42 et et NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 54 43 al al NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 54 44 . . NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 54 45 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 54 46 1992 1992 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 54 47 ; ; : cord-345088-krb1eidw 54 48 Nash Nash NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 54 49 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 54 50 Buchmeier Buchmeier NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 54 51 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 54 52 1996 1996 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 54 53 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 54 54 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 55 1 For for IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 55 2 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 55 3 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 55 4 however however RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 55 5 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 55 6 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 55 7 detail detail NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 55 8 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 55 9 molecular molecular JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 55 10 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 55 11 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 55 12 membrane membrane NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 55 13 fusion fusion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 55 14 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 55 15 especially especially RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 55 16 those those DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 55 17 linked link VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 55 18 to to IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 55 19 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 55 20 S1 S1 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 55 21 region region NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 55 22 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 55 23 is be VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 55 24 yet yet RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 55 25 to to TO cord-345088-krb1eidw 55 26 be be VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 55 27 fully fully RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 55 28 elucidated elucidate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 55 29 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 56 1 In in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 56 2 this this DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 56 3 study study NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 56 4 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 56 5 ts ts JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 56 6 mutants mutant NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 56 7 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 56 8 generated generate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 56 9 by by IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 56 10 growing grow VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 56 11 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 56 12 Beaudette Beaudette NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 56 13 strain strain NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 56 14 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 56 15 IBV IBV NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 56 16 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 56 17 progressively progressively RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 56 18 lower low JJR cord-345088-krb1eidw 56 19 temperatures temperature NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 56 20 from from IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 56 21 35 35 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 56 22 to to TO cord-345088-krb1eidw 56 23 28 28 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 56 24 jC jC NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 56 25 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 56 26 Vero Vero NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 56 27 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 56 28 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 57 1 Two two CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 57 2 ts ts NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 57 3 mutants mutant NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 57 4 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 57 5 isolated isolate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 57 6 from from IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 57 7 passages passage NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 57 8 grown grow VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 57 9 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 57 10 29 29 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 57 11 jC jC NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 57 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 57 13 ts291602 ts291602 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 57 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 57 15 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 57 16 28 28 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 57 17 jC jC NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 57 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 57 19 ts282902 ts282902 NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 57 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 57 21 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 58 1 A a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 58 2 revertant revertant NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 58 3 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 58 4 also also RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 58 5 obtained obtain VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 58 6 by by IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 58 7 growing grow VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 58 8 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 58 9 ts ts NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 58 10 mutant mutant NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 58 11 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 58 12 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 58 13 nonpermissive nonpermissive JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 58 14 temperature temperature NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 58 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 58 16 40 40 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 58 17 jC jC NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 58 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 58 19 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 59 1 Sequence sequence NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 59 2 comparison comparison NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 59 3 revealed reveal VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 59 4 that that IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 59 5 mutations mutation NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 59 6 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 59 7 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 59 8 S1 S1 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 59 9 subunit subunit NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 59 10 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 59 11 responsible responsible JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 59 12 for for IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 59 13 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 59 14 ts ts NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 59 15 phenotype phenotype NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 59 16 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 60 1 Comparative comparative JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 60 2 studies study NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 60 3 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 60 4 viral viral JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 60 5 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 60 6 synthesis synthesis NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 60 7 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 60 8 growth growth NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 60 9 properties property NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 60 10 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 60 11 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 60 12 wt wt NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 60 13 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 60 14 ts ts NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 60 15 mutant mutant NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 60 16 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 60 17 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 60 18 revertant revertant NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 60 19 viruses virus NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 60 20 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 60 21 that that IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 60 22 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 60 23 ts ts JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 60 24 mutants mutant NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 60 25 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 60 26 extremely extremely RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 60 27 unstable unstable JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 60 28 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 60 29 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 60 30 nonpermissive nonpermissive JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 60 31 temperature temperature NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 60 32 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 61 1 If if IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 61 2 they -PRON- PRP cord-345088-krb1eidw 61 3 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 61 4 allowed allow VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 61 5 to to TO cord-345088-krb1eidw 61 6 enter enter VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 61 7 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 61 8 by by IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 61 9 absorption absorption NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 61 10 for for IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 61 11 1 1 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 61 12 h h NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 61 13 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 61 14 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 61 15 permissive permissive JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 61 16 temperature temperature NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 61 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 61 18 32 32 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 61 19 jC jC NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 61 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 61 21 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 61 22 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 61 23 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 61 24 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 61 25 would would MD cord-345088-krb1eidw 61 26 be be VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 61 27 core core NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 61 28 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 61 29 glycosylated glycosylated JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 61 30 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 61 31 partially partially RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 61 32 modified modify VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 61 33 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 61 34 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 61 35 nonpermissive nonpermissive JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 61 36 temperature temperature NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 61 37 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 61 38 but but CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 61 39 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 61 40 unable unable JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 61 41 to to TO cord-345088-krb1eidw 61 42 assemble assemble VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 61 43 into into IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 61 44 virions virion NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 61 45 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 62 1 The the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 62 2 membrane membrane NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 62 3 fusion fusion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 62 4 activities activity NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 62 5 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 62 6 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 62 7 ts ts NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 62 8 mutants mutant NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 62 9 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 62 10 totally totally RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 62 11 abolished abolish VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 62 12 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 62 13 virus virus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 62 14 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 62 15 infected infect VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 62 16 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 62 17 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 62 18 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 62 19 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 62 20 overexpressing overexpresse VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 62 21 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 62 22 mutant mutant JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 62 23 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 62 24 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 62 25 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 62 26 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 62 27 nonpermissive nonpermissive JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 62 28 temperature temperature NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 62 29 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 63 1 The the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 63 2 Beaudette Beaudette NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 63 3 strain strain NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 63 4 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 63 5 IBV IBV NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 63 6 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 63 7 grown grow VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 63 8 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 63 9 Vero Vero NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 63 10 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 63 11 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 63 12 37 37 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 63 13 jC jC NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 63 14 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 63 15 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 63 16 plaque plaque NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 63 17 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 63 18 purified purify VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 63 19 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 63 20 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 63 21 initially initially RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 63 22 adapted adapt VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 63 23 to to TO cord-345088-krb1eidw 63 24 grow grow VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 63 25 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 63 26 35 35 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 63 27 jC. jc. NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 64 1 After after IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 64 2 4 4 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 64 3 passages passage NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 64 4 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 64 5 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 64 6 virus virus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 64 7 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 64 8 subsequently subsequently RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 64 9 adapted adapt VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 64 10 to to TO cord-345088-krb1eidw 64 11 grow grow VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 64 12 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 64 13 progressively progressively RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 64 14 lower low JJR cord-345088-krb1eidw 64 15 temperatures temperature NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 64 16 by by IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 64 17 culturing culture VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 64 18 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 64 19 34 34 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 64 20 jC jC NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 64 21 for for IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 64 22 5 5 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 64 23 passages passage NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 64 24 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 64 25 33 33 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 64 26 jC jc NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 64 27 for for IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 64 28 7 7 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 64 29 passages passage NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 64 30 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 64 31 32 32 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 64 32 jC jC NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 64 33 for for IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 64 34 44 44 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 64 35 passages passage NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 64 36 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 64 37 30 30 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 64 38 jC jc NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 64 39 for for IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 64 40 12 12 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 64 41 passages passage NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 64 42 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 64 43 29 29 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 64 44 jC jC NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 64 45 for for IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 64 46 21 21 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 64 47 passages passage NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 64 48 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 64 49 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 64 50 28 28 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 64 51 jC jC NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 64 52 for for IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 64 53 29 29 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 64 54 passages passage NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 64 55 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 65 1 When when WRB cord-345088-krb1eidw 65 2 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 65 3 virus virus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 65 4 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 65 5 initially initially RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 65 6 adapted adapt VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 65 7 to to IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 65 8 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 65 9 lower low JJR cord-345088-krb1eidw 65 10 temperature temperature NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 65 11 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 65 12 no no DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 65 13 CPE CPE NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 65 14 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 65 15 observed observe VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 65 16 within within IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 65 17 72 72 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 65 18 -96 -96 SYM cord-345088-krb1eidw 65 19 h h NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 65 20 postinfection postinfection NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 65 21 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 66 1 Apparent apparent JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 66 2 CPE CPE NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 66 3 appeared appear VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 66 4 usually usually RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 66 5 after after IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 66 6 2 2 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 66 7 to to TO cord-345088-krb1eidw 66 8 5 5 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 66 9 passages passage NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 66 10 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 67 1 The the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 67 2 virus virus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 67 3 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 67 4 continuously continuously RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 67 5 passaged passage VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 67 6 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 67 7 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 67 8 same same JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 67 9 temperature temperature NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 67 10 until until IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 67 11 CPE CPE NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 67 12 became become VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 67 13 visible visible JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 67 14 within within IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 67 15 24 24 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 67 16 -48 -48 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 67 17 h h NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 67 18 postinfection postinfection NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 67 19 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 67 20 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 67 21 then then RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 67 22 shifted shift VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 67 23 to to IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 67 24 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 67 25 lower low JJR cord-345088-krb1eidw 67 26 temperature temperature NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 67 27 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 68 1 Plaque plaque NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 68 2 assays assay NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 68 3 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 68 4 different different JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 68 5 passages passage NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 68 6 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 68 7 performed perform VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 68 8 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 68 9 both both DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 68 10 32 32 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 68 11 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 68 12 40 40 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 68 13 jC. jc. NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 69 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-345088-krb1eidw 69 2 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 69 3 found find VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 69 4 that that IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 69 5 viruses virus NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 69 6 from from IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 69 7 early early JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 69 8 passages passage NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 69 9 grown grow VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 69 10 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 69 11 32 32 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 69 12 jC jC NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 69 13 could could MD cord-345088-krb1eidw 69 14 form form VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 69 15 plaques plaque NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 69 16 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 69 17 both both DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 69 18 temperatures temperature NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 69 19 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 69 20 similar similar JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 69 21 levels level NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 69 22 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 70 1 But but CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 70 2 passages passage NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 70 3 grown grow VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 70 4 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 70 5 29 29 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 71 1 jC jC NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 71 2 produced produce VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 71 3 much much RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 71 4 fewer few JJR cord-345088-krb1eidw 71 5 plaques plaque NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 71 6 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 71 7 40 40 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 71 8 jC jC NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 71 9 than than IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 71 10 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 71 11 32 32 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 71 12 jC jC NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 71 13 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 71 14 suggesting suggest VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 71 15 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 71 16 emergence emergence NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 71 17 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 71 18 ts ts JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 71 19 mutants mutant NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 71 20 during during IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 71 21 cold cold JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 71 22 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 71 23 adaptation adaptation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 71 24 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 72 1 These these DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 72 2 ts ts JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 72 3 mutants mutant NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 72 4 dominated dominate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 72 5 quickly quickly RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 72 6 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 72 7 28 28 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 72 8 jC. jc. NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 72 9 Two two CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 72 10 ts ts JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 72 11 mutants mutant NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 72 12 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 72 13 designated designate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 72 14 ts291602 ts291602 NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 72 15 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 72 16 ts282902 ts282902 XX cord-345088-krb1eidw 72 17 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 72 18 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 72 19 plaque plaque NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 72 20 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 72 21 purified purify VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 72 22 from from IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 72 23 passage passage NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 72 24 16 16 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 72 25 grown grow VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 72 26 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 72 27 29 29 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 72 28 jC jC NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 72 29 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 72 30 passage passage NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 72 31 29 29 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 72 32 grown grow VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 72 33 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 72 34 28 28 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 72 35 jC jC NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 72 36 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 72 37 respectively respectively RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 72 38 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 73 1 Plaque plaque NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 73 2 assays assay NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 73 3 showed show VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 73 4 that that IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 73 5 both both CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 73 6 ts291602 ts291602 NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 73 7 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 73 8 ts282902 ts282902 FW cord-345088-krb1eidw 73 9 formed form VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 73 10 plaques plaque NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 73 11 only only RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 73 12 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 73 13 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 73 14 permissive permissive JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 73 15 temperature temperature NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 73 16 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 73 17 but but CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 73 18 not not RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 73 19 at at RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 73 20 all all RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 73 21 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 73 22 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 73 23 nonpermissive nonpermissive JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 73 24 temperature temperature NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 73 25 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 74 1 By by IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 74 2 growing grow VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 74 3 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 74 4 ts ts NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 74 5 mutant mutant NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 74 6 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 74 7 37 37 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 74 8 jC jC NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 74 9 overnight overnight RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 74 10 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 74 11 then then RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 74 12 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 74 13 40 40 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 74 14 jC jC NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 74 15 for for IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 74 16 2 2 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 74 17 days day NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 74 18 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 74 19 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 74 20 revertant revertant NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 74 21 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 75 1 rev-1 rev-1 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 75 2 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 75 3 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 75 4 obtained obtain VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 75 5 which which WDT cord-345088-krb1eidw 75 6 produced produce VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 75 7 plaques plaque NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 75 8 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 75 9 both both DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 75 10 32 32 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 75 11 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 75 12 40 40 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 75 13 jC jC NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 75 14 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 75 15 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 75 16 similar similar JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 75 17 level level NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 75 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 75 19 Table table NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 75 20 1 1 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 75 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 75 22 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 76 1 The the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 76 2 titers titer NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 76 3 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 76 4 rev-1 rev-1 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 76 5 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 76 6 much much RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 76 7 higher high JJR cord-345088-krb1eidw 76 8 than than IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 76 9 that that DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 76 10 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 76 11 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 76 12 wild wild JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 76 13 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 76 14 type type NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 76 15 virus virus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 76 16 wt6501 wt6501 NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 76 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 76 18 isolated isolate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 76 19 from from IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 76 20 passage passage NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 76 21 65 65 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 76 22 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 76 23 37 37 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 76 24 jC jC NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 76 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 76 26 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 76 27 32 32 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 76 28 jC jC NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 76 29 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 76 30 as as IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 76 31 it -PRON- PRP cord-345088-krb1eidw 76 32 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 76 33 derived derive VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 76 34 from from IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 76 35 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 76 36 cold cold NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 76 37 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 76 38 adapted adapt VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 76 39 virus virus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 76 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 76 41 Table table NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 76 42 1 1 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 76 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 76 44 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 77 1 To to TO cord-345088-krb1eidw 77 2 map map VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 77 3 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 77 4 defects defect NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 77 5 responsible responsible JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 77 6 for for IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 77 7 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 77 8 ts ts NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 77 9 phenotype phenotype NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 77 10 described describe VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 77 11 above above RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 77 12 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 77 13 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 77 14 complete complete JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 77 15 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 77 16 sequences sequence NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 77 17 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 77 18 wt6501 wt6501 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 77 19 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 77 20 ts291602 ts291602 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 77 21 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 77 22 ts282902 ts282902 ADD cord-345088-krb1eidw 77 23 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 77 24 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 77 25 rev-1 rev-1 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 77 26 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 77 27 determined determine VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 77 28 using use VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 77 29 RT RT NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 77 30 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 77 31 PCR PCR NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 77 32 products product NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 77 33 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 77 34 cDNA cdna NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 77 35 clones clone NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 77 36 from from IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 77 37 each each DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 77 38 virus virus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 77 39 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 78 1 Comparison comparison NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 78 2 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 78 3 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 78 4 sequence sequence NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 78 5 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 78 6 wt6501 wt6501 NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 78 7 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 78 8 ts291602 ts291602 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 78 9 revealed reveal VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 78 10 22 22 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 78 11 point point NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 78 12 mutations mutation NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 78 13 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 78 14 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 78 15 5-base 5-base CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 78 16 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 78 17 deletion deletion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 78 18 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 78 19 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 78 20 1-base- 1-base- CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 78 21 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 78 22 3-base 3-base CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 78 23 - - : cord-345088-krb1eidw 78 24 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 78 25 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 78 26 9-base 9-base CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 78 27 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 78 28 insertion insertion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 78 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 78 30 Table table NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 78 31 2 2 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 78 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 78 33 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 79 1 These these DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 79 2 alterations alteration NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 79 3 caused cause VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 79 4 15 15 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 79 5 amino amino NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 79 6 acid acid NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 79 7 substitutions substitution NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 79 8 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 79 9 eight eight CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 79 10 mature mature JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 79 11 viral viral JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 79 12 proteins protein NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 79 13 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 79 14 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 79 15 single single JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 79 16 amino amino NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 79 17 acid acid NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 79 18 insertion insertion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 79 19 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 79 20 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 79 21 3a 3a NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 79 22 protein protein NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 79 23 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 79 24 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 79 25 truncated truncated JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 79 26 3b 3b NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 79 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 79 28 compared compare VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 79 29 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 79 30 early early JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 79 31 passages passage NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 79 32 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 79 33 wt wt NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 79 34 virus virus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 79 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 79 36 caused cause VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 79 37 by by IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 79 38 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 79 39 single single JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 79 40 base base NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 79 41 insertion insertion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 79 42 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 79 43 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 79 44 3b 3b CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 79 45 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 79 46 ts291602 ts291602 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 79 47 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 79 48 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 79 49 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 79 50 3-amino 3-amino CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 79 51 acid acid NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 79 52 insertion insertion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 79 53 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 79 54 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 79 55 N n CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 79 56 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 79 57 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 80 1 In in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 80 2 ts282902 ts282902 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 80 3 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 80 4 similar similar JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 80 5 point point NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 80 6 mutations mutation NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 80 7 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 80 8 deletion deletion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 80 9 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 80 10 insertion insertion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 80 11 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 80 12 found find VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 80 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 80 14 Table table NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 80 15 2 2 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 80 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 80 17 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 81 1 The the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 81 2 most most RBS cord-345088-krb1eidw 81 3 different different JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 81 4 feature feature NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 81 5 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 81 6 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 81 7 two two CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 81 8 ts ts NNPS cord-345088-krb1eidw 81 9 mutant mutant NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 81 10 is be VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 81 11 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 81 12 insertion insertion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 81 13 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 81 14 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 81 15 3b 3b CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 81 16 gene gene NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 81 17 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 82 1 In in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 82 2 ts291602 ts291602 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 82 3 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 82 4 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 82 5 single single JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 82 6 A a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 82 7 insertion insertion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 82 8 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 82 9 found find VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 82 10 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 82 11 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 82 12 poly poly JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 82 13 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 82 14 A a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 82 15 stretch stretch NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 82 16 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 82 17 positions position NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 82 18 24075 24075 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 82 19 to to IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 82 20 24080 24080 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 82 21 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 82 22 causing cause VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 82 23 frameshift frameshift NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 82 24 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 82 25 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 82 26 3b 3b NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 82 27 gene gene NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 82 28 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 82 29 resulting result VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 82 30 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 82 31 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 82 32 C c NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 82 33 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 82 34 terminally terminally RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 82 35 truncated truncate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 82 36 3b 3b JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 82 37 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 82 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 82 39 Shen Shen NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 82 40 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 82 41 Liu Liu NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 82 42 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 82 43 2003 2003 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 82 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 82 45 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 83 1 However however RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 83 2 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 83 3 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 83 4 three three CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 83 5 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 83 6 A a NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 83 7 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 83 8 insertion insertion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 83 9 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 83 10 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 83 11 same same JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 83 12 poly poly JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 83 13 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 83 14 A a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 83 15 stretch stretch NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 83 16 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 83 17 found find VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 83 18 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 83 19 ts282902 ts282902 NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 83 20 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 83 21 which which WDT cord-345088-krb1eidw 83 22 does do VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 83 23 not not RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 83 24 affect affect VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 83 25 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 83 26 open open JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 83 27 reading reading NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 83 28 frame frame NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 83 29 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 83 30 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 83 31 3b 3b NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 83 32 gene gene NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 83 33 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 84 1 Comparison comparison NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 84 2 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 84 3 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 84 4 sequence sequence NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 84 5 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 84 6 rev-1 rev-1 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 84 7 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 84 8 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 84 9 two two CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 84 10 ts t NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 84 11 mutants mutant NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 84 12 showed show VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 84 13 only only RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 84 14 one one CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 84 15 amino amino NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 84 16 acid acid NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 84 17 change change NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 84 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 84 19 Q Q NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 84 20 294 294 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 84 21 -to -to NNPS cord-345088-krb1eidw 84 22 - - : cord-345088-krb1eidw 84 23 L L NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 84 24 294 294 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 84 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 84 26 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 84 27 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 84 28 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 84 29 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 84 30 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 84 31 one one CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 84 32 amino amino NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 84 33 acid acid NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 84 34 deletion deletion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 84 35 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 84 36 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 84 37 nonstructural nonstructural JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 84 38 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 84 39 3a 3a NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 84 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 84 41 I I NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 84 42 28 28 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 84 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 84 44 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 84 45 which which WDT cord-345088-krb1eidw 84 46 exists exist VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 84 47 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 84 48 both both CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 84 49 ts291602 ts291602 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 84 50 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 84 51 ts ts NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 84 52 282902 282902 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 84 53 but but CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 84 54 not not RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 84 55 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 84 56 rev-1 rev-1 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 84 57 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 84 58 wt wt NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 84 59 virus virus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 84 60 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 85 1 The the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 85 2 genotype genotype NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 85 3 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 85 4 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 85 5 rev-1 rev-1 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 85 6 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 85 7 these these DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 85 8 two two CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 85 9 positions position NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 85 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 85 11 Q Q NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 85 12 294 294 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 85 13 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 85 14 I -PRON- PRP cord-345088-krb1eidw 85 15 28 28 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 85 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 85 17 are be VBP cord-345088-krb1eidw 85 18 therefore therefore RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 85 19 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 85 20 same same JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 85 21 as as IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 85 22 that that DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 85 23 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 85 24 wt6501 wt6501 NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 85 25 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 85 26 but but CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 85 27 different different JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 85 28 from from IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 85 29 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 85 30 two two CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 85 31 ts ts NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 85 32 mutants mutant NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 85 33 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 86 1 As as IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 86 2 both both DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 86 3 wt wt NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 86 4 virus virus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 86 5 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 86 6 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 86 7 revertant revertant NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 86 8 could could MD cord-345088-krb1eidw 86 9 form form VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 86 10 plaques plaque NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 86 11 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 86 12 32 32 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 86 13 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 86 14 40 40 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 86 15 jC jC NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 86 16 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 86 17 these these DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 86 18 two two CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 86 19 mutations mutation NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 86 20 might may MD cord-345088-krb1eidw 86 21 be be VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 86 22 responsible responsible JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 86 23 for for IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 86 24 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 86 25 ts ts NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 86 26 phenotype phenotype NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 86 27 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 87 1 A a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 87 2 Blast blast NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 87 3 search search NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 87 4 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 87 5 GenBank GenBank NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 87 6 clearly clearly RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 87 7 showed show VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 87 8 that that IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 87 9 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 87 10 amino amino NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 87 11 acid acid NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 87 12 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 87 13 position position NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 87 14 294 294 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 87 15 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 87 16 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 87 17 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 87 18 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 87 19 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 87 20 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 87 21 conserved conserved JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 87 22 glutamine glutamine NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 87 23 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 88 1 The the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 88 2 Leu Leu NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 88 3 294 294 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 88 4 residue residue NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 88 5 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 88 6 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 88 7 two two CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 88 8 ts t NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 88 9 mutants mutant NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 88 10 is be VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 88 11 located locate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 88 12 immediately immediately RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 88 13 downstream downstream RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 88 14 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 88 15 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 88 16 hypervariable hypervariable JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 88 17 region region NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 88 18 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 88 19 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 88 20 upstream upstream NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 88 21 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 88 22 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 88 23 conserved conserved JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 88 24 region region NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 88 25 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 88 26 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 88 27 S1 S1 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 88 28 subunit subunit NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 88 29 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 89 1 One one CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 89 2 additional additional JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 89 3 mutation mutation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 89 4 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 89 5 D D NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 89 6 709 709 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 89 7 -N -n SYM cord-345088-krb1eidw 89 8 709 709 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 89 9 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 89 10 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 89 11 found find VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 89 12 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 89 13 ts291602 ts291602 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 89 14 only only RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 89 15 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 89 16 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 89 17 an an DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 89 18 I i NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 89 19 769 769 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 89 20 -M -M : cord-345088-krb1eidw 89 21 769 769 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 89 22 mutation mutation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 89 23 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 89 24 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 89 25 two two CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 89 26 ts ts NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 89 27 mutants mutant NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 89 28 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 89 29 rev-1 rev-1 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 89 30 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 90 1 After after IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 90 2 mapping map VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 90 3 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 90 4 potential potential JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 90 5 determinants determinant NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 90 6 responsible responsible JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 90 7 for for IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 90 8 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 90 9 ts ts NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 90 10 phenotype phenotype NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 90 11 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 90 12 we -PRON- PRP cord-345088-krb1eidw 90 13 would would MD cord-345088-krb1eidw 90 14 like like VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 90 15 to to TO cord-345088-krb1eidw 90 16 explore explore VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 90 17 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 90 18 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 90 19 by by IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 90 20 which which WDT cord-345088-krb1eidw 90 21 these these DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 90 22 mutations mutation NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 90 23 affect affect VBP cord-345088-krb1eidw 90 24 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 90 25 propagation propagation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 90 26 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 90 27 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 90 28 ts ts NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 90 29 mutants mutant NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 90 30 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 90 31 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 90 32 nonpermissive nonpermissive JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 90 33 temperature temperature NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 90 34 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 91 1 Synthesis synthesis NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 91 2 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 91 3 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 91 4 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 91 5 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 91 6 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 91 7 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 91 8 infected infect VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 91 9 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 91 10 wt wt NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 91 11 virus virus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 91 12 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 91 13 ts ts NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 91 14 mutants mutant NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 91 15 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 91 16 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 91 17 revertant revertant NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 91 18 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 91 19 analyzed analyze VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 91 20 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 92 1 Two two CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 92 2 sets set NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 92 3 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 92 4 experiments experiment NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 92 5 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 92 6 carried carry VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 92 7 out out RP cord-345088-krb1eidw 92 8 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 93 1 First first RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 93 2 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 93 3 Vero Vero NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 93 4 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 93 5 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 93 6 infected infect VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 93 7 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 93 8 wt6501 wt6501 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 93 9 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 93 10 ts291602 ts291602 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 93 11 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 93 12 ts282902 ts282902 ADD cord-345088-krb1eidw 93 13 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 93 14 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 93 15 rev-1 rev-1 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 93 16 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 93 17 32 32 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 93 18 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 93 19 40 40 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 93 20 jC jC NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 93 21 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 93 22 respectively respectively RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 93 23 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 93 24 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 93 25 lysates lysates NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 93 26 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 93 27 immunoprecipitated immunoprecipitate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 93 28 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 93 29 anti anti JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 93 30 - - JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 93 31 IBV IBV NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 93 32 antibodies antibody NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 93 33 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 94 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-345088-krb1eidw 94 2 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 94 3 obvious obvious JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 94 4 that that IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 94 5 synthesis synthesis NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 94 6 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 94 7 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 94 8 ts ts NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 94 9 mutant mutant NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 94 10 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 94 11 _SP cord-345088-krb1eidw 94 12 Intergenic Intergenic NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 94 13 region region NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 94 14 between between IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 94 15 M M NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 94 16 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 94 17 5a 5a CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 94 18 25,346 25,346 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 94 19 Table table NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 94 20 1 1 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 94 21 Titers Titers NNPS cord-345088-krb1eidw 94 22 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 94 23 wild wild JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 94 24 type type NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 94 25 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 94 26 mutant mutant JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 94 27 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 94 28 revertant revertant JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 94 29 viruses virus NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 94 30 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 94 31 32 32 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 94 32 jC jC NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 94 33 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 95 1 40 40 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 95 2 jC jC NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 96 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 96 2 PFU pfu NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 96 3 / / SYM cord-345088-krb1eidw 96 4 ml ml NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 96 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 97 1 Titer titer NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 97 2 32 32 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 98 1 jC jC NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 98 2 4 4 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 98 3 0 0 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 99 1 jC jC NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 99 2 wt6501 wt6501 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 99 3 8.5 8.5 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 99 4 Â â CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 99 5 10 10 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 99 6 3 3 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 99 7 5.5 5.5 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 99 8 Â â CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 99 9 10 10 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 99 10 6 6 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 99 11 ts291602 ts291602 NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 99 12 2.0 2.0 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 99 13 Â â CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 99 14 10 10 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 99 15 6 6 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 99 16 0 0 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 99 17 ts282902 ts282902 XX cord-345088-krb1eidw 100 1 3.2 3.2 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 100 2 Â â CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 100 3 10 10 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 100 4 6 6 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 100 5 0 0 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 101 1 rev-1 rev-1 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 102 1 7.0 7.0 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 102 2 Â â CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 102 3 10 10 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 103 1 6 6 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 103 2 5.5 5.5 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 103 3 Â â CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 103 4 10 10 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 103 5 6 6 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 103 6 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 103 7 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 103 8 detectable detectable JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 103 9 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 103 10 32 32 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 103 11 jC jC NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 104 1 but but CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 104 2 not not RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 104 3 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 104 4 40 40 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 105 1 jC jC NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 106 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 106 2 Fig Fig NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 106 3 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 106 4 1a 1a CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 106 5 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 106 6 lanes lane VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 106 7 3 3 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 106 8 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 106 9 4 4 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 106 10 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 106 11 5 5 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 106 12 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 106 13 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 106 14 6 6 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 106 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 106 16 under under IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 106 17 these these DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 106 18 conditions condition NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 106 19 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 107 1 In in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 107 2 contrast contrast NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 107 3 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 107 4 expression expression NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 107 5 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 107 6 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 107 7 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 107 8 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 107 9 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 107 10 observed observe VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 107 11 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 107 12 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 107 13 infected infect VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 107 14 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 107 15 wt6501 wt6501 NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 107 16 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 107 17 rev-1 rev-1 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 107 18 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 107 19 both both DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 107 20 temperatures temperature NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 107 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 107 22 Fig Fig NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 107 23 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 107 24 1a 1a CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 107 25 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 107 26 lanes lane NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 107 27 1 1 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 107 28 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 107 29 2 2 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 107 30 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 107 31 7 7 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 107 32 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 107 33 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 107 34 8) 8) NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 107 35 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 107 36 though though IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 107 37 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 107 38 level level NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 107 39 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 107 40 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 107 41 proteins protein NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 107 42 detected detect VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 107 43 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 107 44 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 107 45 infected infect VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 107 46 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 107 47 wt6501 wt6501 NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 107 48 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 107 49 much much RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 107 50 lower low JJR cord-345088-krb1eidw 107 51 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 107 52 32 32 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 107 53 jC. jc. NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 108 1 This this DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 108 2 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 108 3 consistent consistent JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 108 4 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 108 5 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 108 6 lower low JJR cord-345088-krb1eidw 108 7 titers titer NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 108 8 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 108 9 wt wt NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 108 10 virus virus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 108 11 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 108 12 32 32 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 108 13 jC. jc. NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 109 1 In in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 109 2 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 109 3 second second JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 109 4 set set NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 109 5 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 109 6 experiments experiment NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 109 7 shown show VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 109 8 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 109 9 Fig Fig NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 109 10 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 110 1 1b 1b LS cord-345088-krb1eidw 110 2 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 110 3 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 110 4 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 110 5 absorbed absorb VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 110 6 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 110 7 each each DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 110 8 virus virus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 110 9 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 110 10 32 32 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 110 11 jC jC NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 110 12 for for IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 110 13 1 1 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 110 14 h h NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 110 15 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 110 16 one one CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 110 17 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 110 18 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 110 19 duplicates duplicate NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 110 20 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 110 21 shifted shift VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 110 22 to to IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 110 23 40 40 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 110 24 jC. jC. NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 110 25 Under under IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 110 26 these these DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 110 27 conditions condition NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 110 28 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 110 29 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 110 30 two two CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 110 31 ts ts NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 110 32 mutant mutant NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 110 33 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 110 34 proteins protein NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 110 35 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 110 36 synthesized synthesize VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 110 37 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 110 38 both both DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 110 39 32 32 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 110 40 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 110 41 40 40 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 110 42 jC jC NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 111 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 111 2 Fig Fig NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 111 3 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 111 4 1b 1b CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 111 5 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 111 6 lanes lane VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 111 7 3 3 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 111 8 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 111 9 4 4 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 111 10 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 111 11 5 5 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 111 12 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 111 13 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 111 14 6 6 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 111 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 111 16 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 111 17 like like IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 111 18 those those DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 111 19 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 111 20 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 111 21 wt wt NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 111 22 virus virus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 111 23 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 111 24 revertant revertant NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 112 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 112 2 Fig Fig NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 112 3 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 112 4 1b 1b CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 112 5 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 112 6 lanes lane NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 112 7 1 1 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 112 8 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 112 9 2 2 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 112 10 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 112 11 7 7 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 112 12 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 112 13 8) 8) NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 112 14 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 113 1 These these DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 113 2 results result NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 113 3 indicated indicate VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 113 4 that that IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 113 5 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 113 6 viral viral JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 113 7 structural structural JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 113 8 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 113 9 could could MD cord-345088-krb1eidw 113 10 be be VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 113 11 synthesized synthesize VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 113 12 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 113 13 nonpermissive nonpermissive JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 113 14 temperature temperature NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 113 15 if if IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 113 16 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 113 17 mutants mutant NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 113 18 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 113 19 allowed allow VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 113 20 to to TO cord-345088-krb1eidw 113 21 enter enter VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 113 22 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 113 23 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 114 1 The the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 114 2 viral viral JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 114 3 subgenomic subgenomic NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 114 4 RNA RNA NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 114 5 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 114 6 one one CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 114 7 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 114 8 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 114 9 processed process VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 114 10 proteins protein NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 114 11 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 114 12 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 114 13 3C 3c NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 114 14 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 114 15 like like JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 114 16 proteinase proteinase NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 114 17 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 114 18 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 114 19 also also RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 114 20 detected detect VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 114 21 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 114 22 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 114 23 same same JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 114 24 ways way NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 114 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 114 26 data datum NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 114 27 not not RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 114 28 shown show VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 114 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 114 30 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 114 31 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 114 32 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 114 33 results result NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 114 34 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 114 35 consistent consistent JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 114 36 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 114 37 those those DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 114 38 described describe VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 114 39 above above RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 114 40 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 115 1 Comparison comparison NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 115 2 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 115 3 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 115 4 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 115 5 sequences sequence NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 115 6 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 115 7 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 115 8 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 115 9 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 115 10 synthesis synthesis NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 115 11 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 115 12 wt wt NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 115 13 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 115 14 ts ts NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 115 15 mutants mutant NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 115 16 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 115 17 revertant revertant NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 115 18 indicate indicate VBP cord-345088-krb1eidw 115 19 that that IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 115 20 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 115 21 single single JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 115 22 amino amino NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 115 23 acid acid NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 115 24 mutation mutation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 115 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 115 26 Q Q NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 115 27 294 294 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 115 28 -L -l SYM cord-345088-krb1eidw 115 29 294 294 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 115 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 115 31 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 115 32 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 115 33 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 115 34 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 115 35 may may MD cord-345088-krb1eidw 115 36 be be VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 115 37 responsible responsible JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 115 38 for for IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 115 39 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 115 40 temperature temperature NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 115 41 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 115 42 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 115 43 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 115 44 mutant mutant JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 115 45 virus virus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 115 46 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 116 1 This this DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 116 2 possibility possibility NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 116 3 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 116 4 studied study VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 116 5 by by IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 116 6 biochemical biochemical JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 116 7 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 116 8 functional functional JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 116 9 characterization characterization NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 116 10 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 116 11 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 116 12 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 116 13 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 116 14 from from IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 116 15 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 116 16 revertant revertant NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 116 17 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 116 18 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 116 19 ts ts NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 116 20 mutant mutant NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 116 21 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 117 1 The the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 117 2 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 117 3 gene gene NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 117 4 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 117 5 rev-1 rev-1 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 117 6 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 117 7 ts291602 ts291602 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 117 8 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 117 9 cloned clone VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 117 10 under under IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 117 11 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 117 12 control control NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 117 13 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 117 14 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 117 15 T7 T7 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 117 16 promoter promoter NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 117 17 to to TO cord-345088-krb1eidw 117 18 investigate investigate VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 117 19 whether whether IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 117 20 membranefusion membranefusion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 117 21 activity activity NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 117 22 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 117 23 affected affect VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 117 24 by by IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 117 25 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 117 26 mutations mutation NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 117 27 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 117 28 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 117 29 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 117 30 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 117 31 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 118 1 Cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 118 2 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 118 3 infected infect VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 118 4 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 118 5 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 118 6 vaccinia vaccinia NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 118 7 / / SYM cord-345088-krb1eidw 118 8 T7 t7 NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 118 9 virus virus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 118 10 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 118 11 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 118 12 transfected transfecte VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 118 13 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 118 14 plasmids plasmid NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 118 15 containing contain VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 118 16 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 118 17 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 118 18 gene gene NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 118 19 from from IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 118 20 either either CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 118 21 ts291602 ts291602 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 118 22 or or CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 118 23 rev-1 rev-1 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 118 24 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 119 1 The the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 119 2 expression expression NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 119 3 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 119 4 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 119 5 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 119 6 proteins protein NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 119 7 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 119 8 analyzed analyze VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 119 9 by by IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 119 10 Western western JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 119 11 blotting blotting NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 119 12 using use VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 119 13 anti anti JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 119 14 - - JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 119 15 IBV IBV NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 119 16 antibodies antibody NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 119 17 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 120 1 As as IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 120 2 shown show VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 120 3 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 120 4 Fig Fig NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 120 5 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 121 1 2a 2a LS cord-345088-krb1eidw 121 2 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 121 3 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 121 4 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 121 5 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 121 6 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 121 7 both both DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 121 8 revertant revertant NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 121 9 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 121 10 ts ts NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 121 11 mutant mutant NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 121 12 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 121 13 expressed express VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 121 14 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 121 15 32 32 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 121 16 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 121 17 40 40 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 121 18 jC jC NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 121 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 121 20 lanes lane NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 121 21 3 3 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 121 22 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 121 23 4 4 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 121 24 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 121 25 5 5 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 121 26 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 121 27 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 121 28 6 6 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 121 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 121 30 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 121 31 though though IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 121 32 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 121 33 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 121 34 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 121 35 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 121 36 ts291602 ts291602 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 121 37 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 121 38 expressed express VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 121 39 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 121 40 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 121 41 relatively relatively RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 121 42 lower low JJR cord-345088-krb1eidw 121 43 level level NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 121 44 than than IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 121 45 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 121 46 rev-1 rev-1 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 121 47 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 121 48 40 40 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 121 49 jC jC NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 122 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 122 2 compare compare VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 122 3 lanes lane NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 122 4 4 4 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 122 5 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 122 6 6 6 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 122 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 122 8 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 123 1 The the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 123 2 fusion fusion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 123 3 activity activity NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 123 4 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 123 5 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 123 6 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 123 7 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 123 8 derived derive VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 123 9 from from IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 123 10 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 123 11 revertant revertant NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 123 12 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 123 13 ts291602 ts291602 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 123 14 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 123 15 respectively respectively RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 123 16 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 123 17 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 123 18 then then RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 123 19 examined examine VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 123 20 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 124 1 As as IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 124 2 shown show VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 124 3 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 124 4 Fig Fig NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 124 5 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 125 1 2b 2b NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 125 2 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 125 3 membrane membrane NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 125 4 fusion fusion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 125 5 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 125 6 observed observe VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 125 7 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 125 8 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 125 9 expressing express VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 125 10 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 125 11 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 125 12 gene gene NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 125 13 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 125 14 ts291602 ts291602 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 125 15 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 125 16 32 32 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 125 17 jC jC NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 125 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 125 19 panel panel NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 125 20 C C NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 125 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 125 22 but but CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 125 23 not not RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 125 24 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 125 25 40 40 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 125 26 jC jC NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 125 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 125 28 panel panel NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 125 29 F F NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 125 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 125 31 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 125 32 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 125 33 48 48 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 125 34 h h NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 125 35 posttransfection posttransfection NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 125 36 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 126 1 In in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 126 2 contrast contrast NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 126 3 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 126 4 membrane membrane NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 126 5 fusion fusion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 126 6 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 126 7 observed observe VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 126 8 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 126 9 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 126 10 expressing express VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 126 11 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 126 12 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 126 13 gene gene NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 126 14 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 126 15 revertant revertant NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 126 16 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 126 17 both both DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 126 18 32 32 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 126 19 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 126 20 40 40 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 126 21 jC jC NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 127 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 127 2 panels panel NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 127 3 B b NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 127 4 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 127 5 E E NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 127 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 127 7 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 128 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 128 2 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 128 3 membrane membrane NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 128 4 fusion fusion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 128 5 appeared appear VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 128 6 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 128 7 72 72 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 128 8 h h NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 128 9 posttransfection posttransfection NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 128 10 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 128 11 after after IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 128 12 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 128 13 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 128 14 expressing express VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 128 15 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 128 16 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 128 17 gene gene NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 128 18 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 128 19 ts291602 ts291602 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 128 20 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 128 21 shifted shift VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 128 22 from from IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 128 23 40 40 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 128 24 to to TO cord-345088-krb1eidw 128 25 32 32 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 128 26 jC jC NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 128 27 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 128 28 48 48 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 128 29 h h NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 128 30 posttransfection posttransfection NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 128 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 128 32 panel panel NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 128 33 I I NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 128 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 128 35 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 129 1 The the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 129 2 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 129 3 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 129 4 genes gene NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 129 5 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 129 6 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 129 7 ts ts NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 129 8 mutant mutant NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 129 9 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 129 10 revertant revertant NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 129 11 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 129 12 transfected transfecte VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 129 13 into into IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 129 14 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 129 15 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 129 16 35 35 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 129 17 mm mm NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 129 18 dishes dish NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 129 19 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 129 20 32 32 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 129 21 jC jC NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 129 22 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 129 23 one one CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 129 24 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 129 25 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 129 26 duplicates duplicate NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 129 27 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 129 28 shifted shift VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 129 29 to to IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 129 30 40 40 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 129 31 jC jC NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 129 32 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 129 33 4 4 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 129 34 h h NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 129 35 posttransfection posttransfection NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 129 36 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 130 1 Radiolabeled radiolabele VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 130 2 proteins protein NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 130 3 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 130 4 immunoprecipitated immunoprecipitate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 130 5 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 130 6 treated treat VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 130 7 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 130 8 Endo Endo NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 130 9 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 130 10 H H NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 130 11 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 130 12 37 37 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 130 13 jC. jc. NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 131 1 As as IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 131 2 shown show VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 131 3 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 131 4 Fig Fig NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 131 5 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 132 1 3a 3a NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 132 2 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 132 3 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 132 4 ts ts NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 132 5 mutant mutant NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 132 6 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 132 7 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 132 8 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 132 9 synthesized synthesize VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 132 10 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 132 11 40 40 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 132 12 jC jC NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 132 13 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 132 14 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 132 15 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 132 16 to to IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 132 17 Endo endo NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 132 18 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 132 19 H H NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 132 20 digestion digestion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 132 21 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 132 22 as as IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 132 23 no no DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 132 24 180-kDa 180-kda CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 132 25 form form NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 132 26 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 132 27 observed observe VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 132 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 132 29 lane lane NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 132 30 12 12 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 132 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 132 32 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 133 1 In in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 133 2 contrast contrast NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 133 3 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 133 4 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 133 5 portion portion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 133 6 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 133 7 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 133 8 ts ts NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 133 9 mutant mutant NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 133 10 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 133 11 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 133 12 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 133 13 synthesized synthesize VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 133 14 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 133 15 32 32 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 133 16 jC jC NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 134 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 134 2 lanes lane NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 134 3 10 10 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 134 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 134 5 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 134 6 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 134 7 resistant resistant JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 134 8 to to IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 134 9 Endo endo NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 134 10 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 134 11 H H NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 134 12 digestion digestion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 134 13 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 135 1 The the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 135 2 revertant revertant NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 135 3 S s NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 135 4 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 135 5 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 135 6 synthesized synthesize VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 135 7 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 135 8 both both DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 135 9 32 32 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 135 10 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 135 11 40 40 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 135 12 jC jC NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 135 13 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 135 14 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 135 15 also also RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 135 16 resistant resistant JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 135 17 to to IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 135 18 Endo endo NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 135 19 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 135 20 H H NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 135 21 digestion digestion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 135 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 135 23 lanes lane NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 135 24 6 6 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 135 25 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 135 26 8) 8) NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 135 27 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 136 1 These these DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 136 2 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 136 3 b b NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 136 4 Fig Fig NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 136 5 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 137 1 1 1 LS cord-345088-krb1eidw 137 2 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 138 1 Analysis analysis NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 138 2 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 138 3 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 138 4 expression expression NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 138 5 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 138 6 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 138 7 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 138 8 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 138 9 from from IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 138 10 wt wt NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 138 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 138 12 wt6501 wt6501 NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 138 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 138 14 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 138 15 ts ts NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 138 16 mutants mutant NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 138 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 138 18 ts291602 ts291602 NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 138 19 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 138 20 282902 282902 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 138 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 138 22 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 138 23 revertant revertant NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 138 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 138 25 rev-1 rev-1 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 138 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 138 27 viruses virus NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 138 28 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 139 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 139 2 a a LS cord-345088-krb1eidw 139 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 139 4 Cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 139 5 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 139 6 infected infect VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 139 7 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 139 8 each each DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 139 9 virus virus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 139 10 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 139 11 32 32 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 139 12 jC jC NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 139 13 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 139 14 40 40 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 139 15 jC jC NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 139 16 as as IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 139 17 indicated indicate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 139 18 on on IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 139 19 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 139 20 top top NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 139 21 for for IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 139 22 1 1 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 139 23 h h NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 139 24 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 139 25 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 139 26 maintained maintain VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 139 27 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 139 28 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 139 29 same same JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 139 30 temperatures temperature NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 139 31 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 140 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 140 2 b b NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 140 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 141 1 Two two CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 141 2 dishes dish NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 141 3 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 141 4 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 141 5 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 141 6 infected infect VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 141 7 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 141 8 each each DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 141 9 virus virus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 141 10 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 141 11 32 32 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 141 12 jC jC NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 141 13 for for IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 141 14 1 1 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 141 15 h. h. NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 141 16 One one CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 141 17 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 141 18 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 141 19 duplicates duplicate NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 141 20 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 141 21 maintained maintain VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 141 22 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 141 23 32 32 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 141 24 jC jC NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 141 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 141 26 lanes lane NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 141 27 1 1 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 141 28 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 141 29 3 3 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 141 30 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 141 31 5 5 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 141 32 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 141 33 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 141 34 7 7 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 141 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 141 36 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 141 37 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 141 38 other other JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 141 39 one one NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 141 40 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 141 41 shifted shift VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 141 42 to to IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 141 43 40 40 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 141 44 jC jC NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 141 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 141 46 lanes lane NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 141 47 2 2 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 141 48 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 141 49 4 4 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 141 50 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 141 51 6 6 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 141 52 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 141 53 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 141 54 8) 8) NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 141 55 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 142 1 Radiolabeled radiolabeled JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 142 2 cell cell NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 142 3 lysates lysate NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 142 4 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 142 5 immunoprecipitated immunoprecipitate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 142 6 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 142 7 anti anti JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 142 8 - - JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 142 9 IBV IBV NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 142 10 antibodies antibody NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 142 11 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 143 1 The the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 143 2 proteins protein NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 143 3 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 143 4 separated separate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 143 5 on on IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 143 6 12.5 12.5 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 143 7 % % NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 143 8 polyacrylamide polyacrylamide NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 143 9 gels gel NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 143 10 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 143 11 detected detect VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 143 12 by by IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 143 13 autoradiography autoradiography NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 143 14 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 144 1 Numbers number NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 144 2 on on IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 144 3 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 144 4 left left JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 144 5 indicate indicate VBP cord-345088-krb1eidw 144 6 molecular molecular JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 144 7 mass mass NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 144 8 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 144 9 kilodalton kilodalton NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 144 10 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 144 11 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 144 12 position position NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 144 13 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 144 14 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 144 15 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 144 16 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 144 17 is be VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 144 18 indicated indicate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 144 19 on on IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 144 20 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 144 21 right right NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 144 22 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 145 1 results result NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 145 2 indicate indicate VBP cord-345088-krb1eidw 145 3 that that IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 145 4 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 145 5 ts ts NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 145 6 mutant mutant NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 145 7 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 145 8 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 145 9 synthesized synthesize VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 145 10 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 145 11 40 40 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 145 12 jC jC NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 145 13 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 145 14 not not RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 145 15 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 145 16 mature mature JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 145 17 form form NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 145 18 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 145 19 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 145 20 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 145 21 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 146 1 In in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 146 2 addition addition NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 146 3 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 146 4 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 146 5 novel novel JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 146 6 glycosylated glycosylate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 146 7 form form NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 146 8 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 146 9 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 146 10 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 146 11 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 146 12 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 146 13 migrating migrate VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 146 14 between between IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 146 15 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 146 16 Endo Endo NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 146 17 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 146 18 H H NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 146 19 treated treat VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 146 20 130-kDa 130-kda CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 146 21 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 146 22 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 146 23 matured matured JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 146 24 180-kDa 180-kda CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 146 25 forms form NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 146 26 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 146 27 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 146 28 observed observe VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 146 29 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 147 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-345088-krb1eidw 147 2 might may MD cord-345088-krb1eidw 147 3 represent represent VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 147 4 trimming trimming NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 147 5 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 147 6 an an DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 147 7 initial initial JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 147 8 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 147 9 core core NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 147 10 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 147 11 glycosylated glycosylate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 147 12 form form NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 147 13 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 147 14 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 147 15 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 147 16 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 147 17 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 147 18 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 147 19 ER ER NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 147 20 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 147 21 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 147 22 cis cis NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 147 23 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 147 24 Golgi Golgi NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 147 25 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 148 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 148 2 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 148 3 this this DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 148 4 band band NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 148 5 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 148 6 also also RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 148 7 observed observe VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 148 8 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 148 9 ts291602-infected ts291602-infected JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 148 10 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 148 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 148 12 Fig Fig NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 148 13 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 148 14 3b 3b CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 148 15 , , . cord-345088-krb1eidw 149 1 lane lane NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 149 2 _SP cord-345088-krb1eidw 149 3 2 2 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 149 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 149 5 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 149 6 when when WRB cord-345088-krb1eidw 149 7 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 149 8 incubation incubation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 149 9 time time NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 149 10 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 149 11 32 32 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 149 12 jC jC NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 149 13 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 149 14 extended extend VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 149 15 before before IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 149 16 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 149 17 culture culture NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 149 18 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 149 19 shifted shift VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 149 20 to to IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 149 21 40 40 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 149 22 jC. jc. NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 150 1 This this DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 150 2 band band NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 150 3 is be VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 150 4 much much RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 150 5 stronger strong JJR cord-345088-krb1eidw 150 6 than than IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 150 7 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 150 8 180-kDa 180-kda CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 150 9 form form NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 150 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 150 11 lane lane NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 150 12 2 2 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 150 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 150 14 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 150 15 giving give VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 150 16 direct direct JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 150 17 evidence evidence NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 150 18 that that IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 150 19 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 150 20 mutations mutation NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 150 21 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 150 22 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 150 23 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 150 24 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 150 25 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 150 26 ts291602 ts291602 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 150 27 dramatically dramatically RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 150 28 hampered hamper VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 150 29 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 150 30 maturation maturation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 150 31 process process NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 150 32 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 150 33 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 150 34 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 150 35 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 150 36 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 151 1 Compared compare VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 151 2 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 151 3 ts282902 ts282902 XX cord-345088-krb1eidw 151 4 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 151 5 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 151 6 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 151 7 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 151 8 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 151 9 ts291602 ts291602 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 151 10 contains contain VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 151 11 another another DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 151 12 amino amino NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 151 13 acid acid NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 151 14 substitution substitution NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 151 15 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 151 16 D D NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 151 17 709 709 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 151 18 -N -N NFP cord-345088-krb1eidw 151 19 709 709 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 152 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 152 2 Table table NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 152 3 1 1 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 152 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 152 5 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 152 6 which which WDT cord-345088-krb1eidw 152 7 is be VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 152 8 not not RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 152 9 present present JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 152 10 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 152 11 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 152 12 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 152 13 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 152 14 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 152 15 rev-1 rev-1 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 152 16 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 152 17 wt6501 wt6501 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 152 18 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 153 1 As as IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 153 2 this this DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 153 3 band band NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 153 4 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 153 5 not not RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 153 6 observed observe VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 153 7 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 153 8 ts281602-infected ts281602-infecte VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 153 9 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 153 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 153 11 data datum NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 153 12 not not RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 153 13 shown show VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 153 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 153 15 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 153 16 it -PRON- PRP cord-345088-krb1eidw 153 17 is be VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 153 18 not not RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 153 19 clear clear JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 153 20 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 153 21 this this DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 153 22 point point NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 153 23 if if IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 153 24 this this DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 153 25 additional additional JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 153 26 mutation mutation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 153 27 may may MD cord-345088-krb1eidw 153 28 also also RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 153 29 play play VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 153 30 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 153 31 role role NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 153 32 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 153 33 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 153 34 maturation maturation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 153 35 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 153 36 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 153 37 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 153 38 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 153 39 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 154 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-345088-krb1eidw 154 2 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 154 3 also also RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 154 4 noted note VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 154 5 that that IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 154 6 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 154 7 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 154 8 40 40 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 154 9 jC jC NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 154 10 for for IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 154 11 all all DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 154 12 viruses virus NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 154 13 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 154 14 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 154 15 S1 S1 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 154 16 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 154 17 S2 s2 NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 154 18 subunits subunit NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 154 19 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 154 20 hardly hardly RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 154 21 detected detect VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 154 22 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 154 23 cell cell NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 154 24 lysates lysate NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 154 25 but but CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 154 26 abundant abundant JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 154 27 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 154 28 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 154 29 supernatants supernatant NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 154 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 154 31 Fig Fig NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 154 32 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 154 33 3b 3b CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 154 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 154 35 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 155 1 At at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 155 2 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 155 3 nonpermissive nonpermissive JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 155 4 temperature temperature NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 155 5 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 155 6 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 155 7 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 155 8 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 155 9 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 155 10 not not RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 155 11 cleaved cleave VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 155 12 at at RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 155 13 all all DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 155 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 155 15 lanes lane NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 155 16 2 2 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 155 17 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 155 18 6 6 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 155 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 155 20 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 156 1 These these DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 156 2 results result NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 156 3 may may MD cord-345088-krb1eidw 156 4 suggest suggest VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 156 5 that that IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 156 6 only only RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 156 7 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 156 8 mature mature JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 156 9 form form NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 156 10 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 156 11 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 156 12 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 156 13 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 156 14 could could MD cord-345088-krb1eidw 156 15 be be VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 156 16 cleaved cleave VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 156 17 into into IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 156 18 S1 S1 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 156 19 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 156 20 S2 S2 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 156 21 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 156 22 Fig Fig NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 156 23 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 157 1 2 2 LS cord-345088-krb1eidw 157 2 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 158 1 Membrane membrane NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 158 2 fusion fusion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 158 3 activity activity NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 158 4 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 158 5 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 158 6 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 158 7 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 158 8 expressed express VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 158 9 from from IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 158 10 wt wt NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 158 11 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 158 12 ts291602 ts291602 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 158 13 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 159 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 159 2 a a LS cord-345088-krb1eidw 159 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 159 4 Vero Vero NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 159 5 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 159 6 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 159 7 transfected transfecte VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 159 8 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 159 9 plasmids plasmid NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 159 10 without without IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 159 11 insert insert JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 159 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 159 13 lanes lane NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 159 14 1 1 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 159 15 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 159 16 2 2 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 159 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 159 18 or or CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 159 19 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 159 20 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 159 21 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 159 22 gene gene NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 159 23 from from IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 159 24 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 159 25 wt wt NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 159 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 159 27 lanes lane NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 159 28 3 3 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 159 29 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 159 30 4 4 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 159 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 159 32 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 159 33 ts291602 ts291602 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 159 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 159 35 lanes lane NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 159 36 5 5 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 159 37 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 159 38 6 6 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 159 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 159 40 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 159 41 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 159 42 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 159 43 cultured culture VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 159 44 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 159 45 32 32 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 159 46 jC jC NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 160 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 160 2 lanes lane NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 160 3 1 1 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 160 4 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 160 5 3 3 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 160 6 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 160 7 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 160 8 5 5 LS cord-345088-krb1eidw 160 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 160 10 or or CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 160 11 40 40 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 160 12 jC jC NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 160 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 160 14 lanes lane NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 160 15 2 2 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 160 16 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 160 17 4 4 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 160 18 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 160 19 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 160 20 6 6 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 160 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 160 22 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 161 1 The the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 161 2 expression expression NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 161 3 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 161 4 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 161 5 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 161 6 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 161 7 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 161 8 examined examine VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 161 9 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 161 10 Western western JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 161 11 blot blot NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 161 12 using use VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 161 13 anti anti JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 161 14 - - JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 161 15 IBV IBV NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 161 16 antibodies antibody NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 161 17 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 161 18 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 161 19 h h NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 161 20 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 161 21 tubulin tubulin NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 161 22 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 161 23 immunostained immunostaine VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 161 24 as as IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 161 25 loading loading NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 161 26 controls control NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 161 27 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 162 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 162 2 b b LS cord-345088-krb1eidw 162 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 162 4 The the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 162 5 membranefusion membranefusion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 162 6 activity activity NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 162 7 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 162 8 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 162 9 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 162 10 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 162 11 from from IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 162 12 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 162 13 wt wt NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 162 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 162 15 panels panel NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 162 16 B b NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 162 17 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 162 18 E E NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 162 19 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 162 20 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 162 21 H H NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 162 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 162 23 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 162 24 ts ts NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 162 25 mutant mutant NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 162 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 162 27 panels panel NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 162 28 C C NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 162 29 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 162 30 F F NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 162 31 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 162 32 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 162 33 I -PRON- PRP cord-345088-krb1eidw 162 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 162 35 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 162 36 32 32 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 162 37 jC jC NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 163 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 163 2 panels panel NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 163 3 B B NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 163 4 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 163 5 C C NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 163 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 163 7 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 163 8 40 40 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 163 9 jC jC NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 163 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 163 11 panels panel NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 163 12 C c NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 163 13 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 163 14 F F NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 164 1 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 164 2 2 2 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 164 3 days day NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 164 4 post post NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 164 5 - - NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 164 6 transfection transfection NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 164 7 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 164 8 compared compare VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 164 9 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 165 1 Panels panel NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 165 2 H H NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 165 3 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 165 4 I -PRON- PRP cord-345088-krb1eidw 165 5 show show VBP cord-345088-krb1eidw 165 6 induction induction NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 165 7 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 165 8 membrane membrane NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 165 9 fusion fusion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 165 10 on on IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 165 11 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 165 12 transfected transfecte VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 165 13 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 165 14 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 165 15 wt wt NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 165 16 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 165 17 ts291602 ts291602 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 165 18 by by IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 165 19 shifting shift VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 165 20 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 165 21 shown show VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 165 22 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 165 23 panels panel NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 165 24 E e NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 165 25 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 165 26 F F NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 165 27 to to IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 165 28 32 32 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 165 29 jC jC NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 165 30 for for IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 165 31 1 1 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 165 32 day day NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 165 33 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 166 1 Panels panel NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 166 2 A A NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 166 3 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 166 4 D D NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 166 5 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 166 6 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 166 7 G g NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 166 8 show show NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 166 9 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 166 10 transfected transfecte VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 166 11 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 166 12 empty empty JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 166 13 plasmids plasmid NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 166 14 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 167 1 reinforce reinforce VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 167 2 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 167 3 conclusion conclusion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 167 4 that that IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 167 5 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 167 6 majority majority NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 167 7 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 167 8 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 167 9 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 167 10 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 167 11 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 167 12 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 167 13 ts ts JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 167 14 mutants mutant NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 167 15 synthesized synthesize VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 167 16 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 167 17 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 167 18 nonpermissive nonpermissive JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 167 19 temperature temperature NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 167 20 may may MD cord-345088-krb1eidw 167 21 represent represent VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 167 22 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 167 23 pre pre JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 167 24 - - JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 167 25 mature mature JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 167 26 form form NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 167 27 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 167 28 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 167 29 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 167 30 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 167 31 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 168 1 To to TO cord-345088-krb1eidw 168 2 detect detect VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 168 3 whether whether IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 168 4 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 168 5 ts ts NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 168 6 mutant mutant NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 168 7 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 168 8 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 168 9 would would MD cord-345088-krb1eidw 168 10 be be VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 168 11 transported transport VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 168 12 to to IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 168 13 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 168 14 plasma plasma NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 168 15 membrane membrane NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 168 16 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 168 17 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 168 18 nonpermissive nonpermissive JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 168 19 temperature temperature NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 168 20 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 168 21 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 168 22 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 168 23 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 168 24 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 168 25 transiently transiently RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 168 26 expressed express VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 168 27 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 168 28 Vero Vero NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 168 29 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 168 30 using use VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 168 31 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 168 32 vaccinia vaccinia NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 168 33 virus virus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 168 34 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 168 35 T7 t7 NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 168 36 expression expression NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 168 37 system system NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 168 38 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 169 1 The the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 169 2 transfected transfecte VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 169 3 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 169 4 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 169 5 treated treat VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 169 6 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 169 7 cycloheximide cycloheximide NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 169 8 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 169 9 3.5 3.5 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 169 10 h h NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 169 11 posttransfection posttransfection NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 169 12 for for IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 169 13 30 30 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 169 14 min min NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 169 15 to to TO cord-345088-krb1eidw 169 16 inhibit inhibit VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 169 17 further further JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 169 18 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 169 19 synthesis synthesis NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 169 20 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 170 1 The the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 170 2 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 170 3 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 170 4 then then RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 170 5 incubated incubate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 170 6 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 170 7 32 32 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 170 8 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 170 9 40 40 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 170 10 jC jC NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 170 11 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 170 12 respectively respectively RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 170 13 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 171 1 The the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 171 2 subcellular subcellular JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 171 3 localization localization NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 171 4 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 171 5 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 171 6 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 171 7 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 171 8 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 171 9 analyzed analyze VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 171 10 by by IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 171 11 indirect indirect JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 171 12 immunofluorescent immunofluorescent NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 171 13 staining stain VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 171 14 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 171 15 4 4 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 171 16 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 171 17 8 8 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 171 18 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 171 19 16 16 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 171 20 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 171 21 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 171 22 24 24 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 171 23 h h NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 171 24 postinfection postinfection NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 171 25 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 171 26 respectively respectively RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 171 27 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 172 1 The the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 172 2 confocal confocal JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 172 3 microscopy microscopy NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 172 4 images image NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 172 5 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 172 6 transfected transfecte VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 172 7 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 172 8 are be VBP cord-345088-krb1eidw 172 9 shown show VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 172 10 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 172 11 Fig Fig NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 172 12 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 173 1 4 4 LS cord-345088-krb1eidw 173 2 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 174 1 Plasma plasma NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 174 2 membrane membrane NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 174 3 staining staining NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 174 4 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 174 5 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 174 6 ts ts JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 174 7 mutant mutant NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 174 8 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 174 9 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 174 10 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 174 11 not not RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 174 12 observed observe VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 174 13 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 174 14 any any DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 174 15 time time NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 174 16 points point VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 174 17 posttransfection posttransfection NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 174 18 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 174 19 40 40 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 174 20 jC jC NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 174 21 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 174 22 but but CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 174 23 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 174 24 clearly clearly RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 174 25 seen see VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 174 26 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 174 27 32 32 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 174 28 jC jC NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 174 29 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 174 30 16 16 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 174 31 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 174 32 24 24 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 174 33 h h NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 174 34 postinfection postinfection NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 174 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 174 36 Fig Fig NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 174 37 . . NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 174 38 4 4 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 174 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 174 40 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 175 1 The the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 175 2 revertant revertant NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 175 3 S s NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 175 4 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 175 5 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 175 6 expressed express VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 175 7 on on IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 175 8 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 175 9 cell cell NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 175 10 surface surface NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 175 11 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 175 12 both both DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 175 13 temperatures temperature NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 175 14 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 175 15 16 16 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 175 16 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 175 17 24 24 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 175 18 h h NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 175 19 posttransfection posttransfection NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 175 20 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 176 1 These these DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 176 2 results result NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 176 3 may may MD cord-345088-krb1eidw 176 4 explain explain VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 176 5 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 176 6 lack lack NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 176 7 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 176 8 membrane membrane NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 176 9 fusion fusion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 176 10 activity activity NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 176 11 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 176 12 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 176 13 ts ts NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 176 14 mutant mutant NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 176 15 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 176 16 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 176 17 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 176 18 both both CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 176 19 infected infect VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 176 20 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 176 21 transfected transfecte VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 176 22 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 176 23 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 177 1 Endo endo NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 177 2 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 177 3 H H NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 177 4 treatment treatment NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 177 5 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 177 6 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 177 7 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 177 8 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 177 9 from from IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 177 10 rev-1 rev-1 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 177 11 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 177 12 ts291602 ts291602 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 177 13 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 1 The the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 2 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 3 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 4 derived derive VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 5 from from IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 6 rev-1 rev-1 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 8 lanes lane NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 9 5 5 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 10 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 11 6 6 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 12 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 13 7 7 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 14 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 15 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 16 8) 8) NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 17 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 18 ts291602 ts291602 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 20 lanes lane NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 21 9 9 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 22 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 23 10 10 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 24 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 25 11 11 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 26 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 27 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 28 12 12 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 30 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 31 expressed express VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 32 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 33 Vero Vero NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 34 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 35 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 36 32 32 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 37 jC jC NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 39 lanes lane NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 40 5 5 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 41 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 42 6 6 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 43 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 44 9 9 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 45 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 46 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 47 10 10 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 49 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 50 40 40 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 51 jC jC NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 52 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 53 lanes lane NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 54 7 7 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 55 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 56 8 8 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 57 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 58 11 11 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 59 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 60 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 61 12 12 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 62 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 63 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 64 using use VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 65 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 66 T7-vaccinia t7-vaccinia FW cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 67 expression expression NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 68 system system NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 178 69 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 179 1 The the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 179 2 radiolabeled radiolabeled JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 179 3 proteins protein NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 179 4 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 179 5 immunoprecipitated immunoprecipitate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 179 6 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 179 7 anti anti JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 179 8 - - JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 179 9 IBV IBV NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 179 10 antibodies antibody NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 179 11 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 179 12 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 179 13 eluted elute VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 179 14 proteins protein NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 179 15 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 179 16 Endo Endo NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 179 17 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 179 18 H-(lanes H-(lanes NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 179 19 6 6 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 179 20 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 179 21 8 8 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 179 22 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 179 23 10 10 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 179 24 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 179 25 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 179 26 12 12 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 179 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 179 28 or or CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 179 29 mock mock RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 179 30 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 179 31 treated treated JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 179 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 179 33 lanes lane NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 179 34 5 5 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 179 35 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 179 36 7 7 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 179 37 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 179 38 9 9 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 179 39 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 179 40 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 179 41 11 11 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 179 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 179 43 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 179 44 analyzed analyze VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 179 45 by by IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 179 46 SDS SDS NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 179 47 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 179 48 PAGE PAGE NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 179 49 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 180 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 180 2 b b LS cord-345088-krb1eidw 180 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 180 4 Detection detection NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 180 5 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 180 6 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 180 7 less less RBR cord-345088-krb1eidw 180 8 matured matured JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 180 9 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 180 10 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 180 11 from from IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 180 12 ts291602 ts291602 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 180 13 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 180 14 40 40 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 180 15 jC jC NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 180 16 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 180 17 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 180 18 defect defect NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 180 19 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 180 20 cleavage cleavage NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 180 21 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 180 22 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 180 23 mutant mutant JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 180 24 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 180 25 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 180 26 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 181 1 Cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 181 2 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 181 3 infected infect VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 181 4 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 181 5 ts291602 ts291602 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 181 6 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 181 7 rev-1 rev-1 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 181 8 for for IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 181 9 5 5 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 181 10 h h NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 181 11 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 181 12 32 32 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 181 13 jC jC NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 181 14 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 181 15 one one CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 181 16 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 181 17 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 181 18 duplicates duplicate NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 181 19 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 181 20 maintained maintain VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 181 21 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 181 22 32 32 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 181 23 jC jC NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 181 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 181 25 lanes lane NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 181 26 1 1 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 181 27 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 181 28 3 3 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 181 29 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 181 30 5 5 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 181 31 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 181 32 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 181 33 7 7 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 181 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 181 35 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 181 36 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 181 37 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 181 38 other other JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 181 39 one one NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 181 40 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 181 41 shifted shift VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 181 42 to to IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 181 43 40 40 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 181 44 jC jC NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 181 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 181 46 lanes lane NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 181 47 2 2 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 181 48 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 181 49 4 4 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 181 50 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 181 51 6 6 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 181 52 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 181 53 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 181 54 8) 8) NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 181 55 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 182 1 Cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 182 2 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 182 3 radiolabeled radiolabele VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 182 4 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 182 5 viral viral JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 182 6 proteins protein NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 182 7 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 182 8 immunoprecipitated immunoprecipitate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 182 9 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 182 10 anti anti JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 182 11 - - JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 182 12 IBV IBV NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 182 13 antibodies antibody NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 182 14 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 182 15 analyzed analyze VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 182 16 by by IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 182 17 SDS SDS NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 182 18 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 182 19 PAGE PAGE NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 182 20 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 183 1 Lanes lane NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 183 2 1 1 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 183 3 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 183 4 2 2 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 183 5 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 183 6 3 3 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 183 7 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 183 8 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 183 9 4 4 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 183 10 refer refer VBP cord-345088-krb1eidw 183 11 to to IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 183 12 viral viral JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 183 13 products product NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 183 14 detected detect VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 183 15 from from IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 183 16 cell cell NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 183 17 lysates lysate NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 183 18 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 183 19 lanes lane NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 183 20 5 5 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 183 21 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 183 22 6 6 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 183 23 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 183 24 7 7 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 183 25 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 183 26 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 183 27 8 8 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 183 28 refer refer NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 183 29 to to IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 183 30 viral viral JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 183 31 proteins protein NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 183 32 detected detect VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 183 33 from from IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 183 34 virus virus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 183 35 particles particle NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 183 36 released release VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 183 37 to to IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 183 38 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 183 39 cultured cultured JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 183 40 media medium NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 183 41 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 184 1 Quantitative quantitative JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 184 2 analysis analysis NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 184 3 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 184 4 surface surface NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 184 5 expression expression NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 184 6 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 184 7 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 184 8 wild wild JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 184 9 type type NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 184 10 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 184 11 ts ts NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 184 12 mutant mutant NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 184 13 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 184 14 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 184 15 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 184 16 carried carry VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 184 17 out out RP cord-345088-krb1eidw 184 18 by by IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 184 19 immunofluorescent immunofluorescent NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 184 20 staining stain VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 184 21 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 184 22 anti anti JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 184 23 - - JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 184 24 S s JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 184 25 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 184 26 antiserum antiserum NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 184 27 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 184 28 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 184 29 positive positive JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 184 30 staining staining NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 184 31 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 184 32 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 184 33 sorted sort VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 184 34 by by IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 184 35 flow flow NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 184 36 cytometry cytometry NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 184 37 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 185 1 As as IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 185 2 shown show VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 185 3 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 185 4 Fig Fig NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 185 5 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 186 1 5 5 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 186 2 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 186 3 5.5 5.5 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 186 4 % % NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 186 5 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 186 6 nonpermeabilizing nonpermeabilize VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 186 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 186 8 panel panel NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 186 9 A A NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 186 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 186 11 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 186 12 0.7 0.7 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 186 13 % % NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 186 14 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 186 15 permeabilizing permeabilizing NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 186 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 186 17 panel panel NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 186 18 F F NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 186 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 186 20 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 186 21 expressing express VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 186 22 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 186 23 empty empty JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 186 24 plasmid plasmid NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 186 25 showed show VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 186 26 background background NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 186 27 staining staining NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 186 28 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 187 1 When when WRB cord-345088-krb1eidw 187 2 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 187 3 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 187 4 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 187 5 incubated incubate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 187 6 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 187 7 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 187 8 permissive permissive JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 187 9 temperature temperature NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 187 10 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 187 11 3.8 3.8 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 187 12 % % NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 187 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 187 14 9.2 9.2 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 187 15 -5.5 -5.5 NFP cord-345088-krb1eidw 187 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 187 17 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 187 18 HeLa HeLa NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 187 19 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 187 20 expressing express VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 187 21 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 187 22 wt wt NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 187 23 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 187 24 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 187 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 187 26 panel panel NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 187 27 B B NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 187 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 187 29 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 187 30 4.1 4.1 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 187 31 % % NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 187 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 187 33 9.6 9.6 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 187 34 -5.5 -5.5 ADD cord-345088-krb1eidw 187 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 187 36 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 187 37 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 187 38 expressing express VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 187 39 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 187 40 ts ts NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 187 41 mutant mutant NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 187 42 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 187 43 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 187 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 187 45 panel panel NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 187 46 C C NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 187 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 187 48 displayed display VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 187 49 surface surface NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 187 50 staining staining NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 187 51 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 188 1 After after IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 188 2 permeabilizing permeabilize VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 188 3 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 188 4 0.1 0.1 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 188 5 % % NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 188 6 saponin saponin NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 188 7 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 188 8 11.8 11.8 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 188 9 % % NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 188 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 188 11 12.5 12.5 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 188 12 -0.7 -0.7 JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 188 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 188 14 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 188 15 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 188 16 expressing express VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 188 17 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 188 18 wt wt NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 188 19 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 188 20 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 188 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 188 22 panel panel NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 188 23 G G NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 188 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 188 25 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 188 26 10.9 10.9 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 188 27 % % NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 188 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 188 29 11.6 11.6 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 188 30 - - SYM cord-345088-krb1eidw 188 31 0.7 0.7 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 188 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 188 33 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 188 34 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 188 35 expressing express VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 188 36 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 188 37 ts ts NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 188 38 mutant mutant NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 188 39 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 188 40 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 188 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 188 42 panel panel NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 188 43 H H NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 188 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 188 45 showed show VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 188 46 positive positive JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 188 47 staining staining NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 188 48 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 189 1 When when WRB cord-345088-krb1eidw 189 2 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 189 3 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 189 4 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 189 5 incubated incubate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 189 6 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 189 7 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 189 8 nonpermissive nonpermissive JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 189 9 temperature temperature NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 189 10 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 189 11 10.4 10.4 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 189 12 % % NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 189 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 189 14 15.9 15.9 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 189 15 -5.5 -5.5 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 189 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 189 17 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 189 18 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 189 19 expressing express VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 189 20 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 189 21 wt wt NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 189 22 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 189 23 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 189 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 189 25 panel panel NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 189 26 D D NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 189 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 189 28 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 189 29 2.3 2.3 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 189 30 % % NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 189 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 189 32 7.8 7.8 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 189 33 -5.5 -5.5 ADD cord-345088-krb1eidw 189 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 189 35 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 189 36 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 189 37 expressing express VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 189 38 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 189 39 ts ts NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 189 40 mutant mutant NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 189 41 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 189 42 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 189 43 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 189 44 panel panel NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 189 45 E E NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 189 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 189 47 exhibited exhibit VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 189 48 surface surface NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 189 49 staining staining NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 189 50 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 190 1 After after IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 190 2 permeabilizing permeabilize VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 190 3 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 190 4 0.1 0.1 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 190 5 % % NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 190 6 saponin saponin NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 190 7 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 190 8 9.3 9.3 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 190 9 % % NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 190 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 190 11 10 10 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 190 12 -0.7 -0.7 NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 190 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 190 14 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 190 15 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 190 16 expressing express VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 190 17 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 190 18 wt wt NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 190 19 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 190 20 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 190 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 190 22 panel panel NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 190 23 I I NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 190 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 190 25 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 190 26 9.7 9.7 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 190 27 % % NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 190 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 190 29 10.4 10.4 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 190 30 -0.7 -0.7 NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 190 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 190 32 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 190 33 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 190 34 expressing express VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 190 35 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 190 36 ts ts NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 190 37 mutant mutant NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 190 38 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 190 39 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 190 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 190 41 panel panel NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 190 42 J J NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 190 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 190 44 showed show VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 190 45 positive positive JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 190 46 staining staining NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 190 47 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 191 1 These these DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 191 2 results result NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 191 3 confirm confirm VBP cord-345088-krb1eidw 191 4 that that IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 191 5 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 191 6 ts ts NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 191 7 mutant mutant NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 191 8 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 191 9 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 191 10 could could MD cord-345088-krb1eidw 191 11 not not RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 191 12 be be VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 191 13 efficiently efficiently RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 191 14 translocated translocate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 191 15 to to IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 191 16 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 191 17 cell cell NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 191 18 surface surface NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 191 19 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 191 20 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 191 21 nonpermissive nonpermissive JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 191 22 temperature temperature NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 191 23 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 192 1 To to TO cord-345088-krb1eidw 192 2 investigate investigate VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 192 3 whether whether IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 192 4 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 192 5 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 192 6 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 192 7 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 192 8 ts ts NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 192 9 mutant mutant NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 192 10 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 192 11 assembled assemble VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 192 12 into into IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 192 13 virion virion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 192 14 or or CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 192 15 not not RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 192 16 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 192 17 ts291602 ts291602 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 192 18 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 192 19 rev-1-infected rev-1-infected JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 192 20 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 192 21 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 192 22 radiolabeled radiolabele VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 192 23 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 192 24 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 192 25 virus virus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 192 26 particles particle NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 192 27 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 192 28 purified purify VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 192 29 through through IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 192 30 sucrose sucrose NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 192 31 gradients gradient NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 192 32 twice twice RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 192 33 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 193 1 Immunoprecipitation immunoprecipitation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 193 2 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 193 3 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 193 4 purified purify VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 193 5 virions virion NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 193 6 using use VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 193 7 anti anti JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 193 8 - - JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 193 9 IBV IBV NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 193 10 antibodies antibody NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 193 11 showed show VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 193 12 that that IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 193 13 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 193 14 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 193 15 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 193 16 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 193 17 ts291602 ts291602 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 193 18 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 193 19 not not RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 193 20 detected detect VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 193 21 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 193 22 40 40 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 193 23 jC jC NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 194 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 194 2 Fig Fig NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 194 3 . . NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 194 4 6 6 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 194 5 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 194 6 lane lane NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 194 7 2 2 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 194 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 194 9 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 194 10 but but CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 194 11 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 194 12 observed observe VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 194 13 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 194 14 32 32 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 194 15 jC jC NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 195 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 195 2 Fig Fig NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 195 3 . . NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 195 4 6 6 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 195 5 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 195 6 lane lane NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 195 7 1 1 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 195 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 195 9 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 196 1 The the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 196 2 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 196 3 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 196 4 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 196 5 detected detect VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 196 6 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 196 7 both both DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 196 8 temperatures temperature NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 196 9 for for IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 197 1 rev-1 rev-1 LS cord-345088-krb1eidw 197 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 197 3 Fig Fig NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 197 4 . . NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 197 5 6 6 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 197 6 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 197 7 _SP cord-345088-krb1eidw 197 8 lanes lane NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 197 9 3 3 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 197 10 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 197 11 4 4 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 197 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 197 13 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 198 1 These these DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 198 2 results result NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 198 3 render render VBP cord-345088-krb1eidw 198 4 support support NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 198 5 that that IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 198 6 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 198 7 spike spike NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 198 8 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 198 9 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 198 10 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 198 11 ts ts NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 198 12 mutant mutant NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 198 13 may may MD cord-345088-krb1eidw 198 14 not not RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 198 15 be be VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 198 16 assembled assemble VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 198 17 into into IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 198 18 virus virus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 198 19 particles particle NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 198 20 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 198 21 40 40 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 198 22 jC. jc. NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 198 23 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 198 24 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 198 25 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 198 26 is be VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 198 27 responsible responsible JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 198 28 for for IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 198 29 receptor receptor NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 198 30 binding binding NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 198 31 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 198 32 membrane membrane NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 198 33 fusion fusion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 198 34 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 199 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-345088-krb1eidw 199 2 also also RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 199 3 induces induce VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 199 4 neutralizing neutralize VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 199 5 antibodies antibody NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 199 6 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 199 7 bears bear VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 199 8 determinants determinant NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 199 9 for for IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 199 10 virulence virulence NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 199 11 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 200 1 A a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 200 2 considerable considerable JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 200 3 diversity diversity NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 200 4 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 200 5 S s NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 200 6 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 200 7 among among IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 200 8 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 200 9 exists exist VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 200 10 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 200 11 which which WDT cord-345088-krb1eidw 200 12 contributes contribute VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 200 13 to to TO cord-345088-krb1eidw 200 14 host host VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 200 15 specificity specificity NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 200 16 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 200 17 cell cell NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 200 18 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 200 19 organ organ NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 200 20 tropisms tropism NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 200 21 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 200 22 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 200 23 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 200 24 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 201 1 Characterization characterization NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 201 2 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 201 3 mutants mutant NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 201 4 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 201 5 point point NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 201 6 or or CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 201 7 deletion deletion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 201 8 mutations mutation NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 201 9 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 201 10 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 201 11 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 201 12 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 201 13 has have VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 201 14 helped help VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 201 15 to to TO cord-345088-krb1eidw 201 16 establish establish VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 201 17 links link NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 201 18 between between IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 201 19 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 201 20 variations variation NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 201 21 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 201 22 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 201 23 functions function NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 201 24 or or CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 201 25 altered alter VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 201 26 antigenicity antigenicity NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 201 27 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 201 28 virulence virulence NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 201 29 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 201 30 viruses virus NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 201 31 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 202 1 Through through IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 202 2 sequence sequence NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 202 3 analysis analysis NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 202 4 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 202 5 wt wt NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 202 6 virus virus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 202 7 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 202 8 two two CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 202 9 ts ts NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 202 10 mutants mutant NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 202 11 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 202 12 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 202 13 revertant revertant NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 202 14 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 202 15 different different JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 202 16 passages passage NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 202 17 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 202 18 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 202 19 cold cold NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 202 20 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 202 21 adapted adapt VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 202 22 IBV IBV NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 202 23 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 202 24 data datum NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 202 25 presented present VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 202 26 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 202 27 this this DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 202 28 study study NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 202 29 not not RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 202 30 only only RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 202 31 mapped map VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 202 32 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 202 33 defects defect NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 202 34 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 202 35 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 202 36 ts ts NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 202 37 mutants mutant NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 202 38 to to IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 202 39 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 202 40 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 202 41 gene gene NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 202 42 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 202 43 but but CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 202 44 also also RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 202 45 revealed reveal VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 202 46 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 202 47 molecular molecular JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 202 48 events event NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 202 49 occurred occur VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 202 50 during during IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 202 51 evolution evolution NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 202 52 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 202 53 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 202 54 IBV IBV NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 202 55 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 202 56 gene gene NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 202 57 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 203 1 Compared compare VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 203 2 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 203 3 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 203 4 parental parental JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 203 5 wt wt NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 203 6 virus virus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 203 7 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 203 8 mutations mutation NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 203 9 that that WDT cord-345088-krb1eidw 203 10 are be VBP cord-345088-krb1eidw 203 11 identical identical JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 203 12 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 203 13 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 203 14 two two CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 203 15 ts ts NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 203 16 mutants mutant NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 203 17 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 203 18 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 203 19 revertant revertant NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 203 20 might may MD cord-345088-krb1eidw 203 21 be be VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 203 22 associated associate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 203 23 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 203 24 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 203 25 cold cold JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 203 26 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 203 27 adaptation adaptation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 203 28 phenotype phenotype NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 203 29 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 203 30 while while IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 203 31 those those DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 203 32 identical identical JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 203 33 only only RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 203 34 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 203 35 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 203 36 two two CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 203 37 mutants mutant NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 203 38 but but CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 203 39 different different JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 203 40 from from IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 203 41 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 203 42 revertant revertant NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 203 43 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 203 44 wt wt NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 203 45 virus virus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 203 46 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 203 47 considered consider VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 203 48 to to TO cord-345088-krb1eidw 203 49 be be VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 203 50 linked link VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 203 51 to to IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 203 52 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 203 53 ts ts NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 203 54 phenotype phenotype NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 203 55 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 204 1 According accord VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 204 2 to to IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 204 3 this this DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 204 4 criterion criterion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 204 5 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 204 6 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 204 7 Q Q NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 204 8 294 294 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 204 9 -to -to NNPS cord-345088-krb1eidw 204 10 - - : cord-345088-krb1eidw 204 11 L l NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 204 12 294 294 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 204 13 mutation mutation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 204 14 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 204 15 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 204 16 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 204 17 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 204 18 that that WDT cord-345088-krb1eidw 204 19 exists exist VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 204 20 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 204 21 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 204 22 two two CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 204 23 ts ts NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 204 24 mutants mutant NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 204 25 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 204 26 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 204 27 interestingly interestingly RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 204 28 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 204 29 occurred occur VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 204 30 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 204 31 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 204 32 highly highly RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 204 33 conserved conserved JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 204 34 domain domain NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 204 35 among among IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 204 36 IBV IBV NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 204 37 viruses virus NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 204 38 immediately immediately RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 204 39 downstream downstream VBP cord-345088-krb1eidw 204 40 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 204 41 variable variable JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 204 42 domain domain NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 204 43 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 204 44 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 204 45 S1 S1 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 204 46 subunit subunit NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 204 47 may may MD cord-345088-krb1eidw 204 48 be be VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 204 49 responsible responsible JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 204 50 for for IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 204 51 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 204 52 ts ts NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 204 53 phenotype phenotype NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 204 54 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 205 1 The the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 205 2 mutants mutant NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 205 3 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 205 4 this this DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 205 5 mutation mutation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 205 6 accumulated accumulate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 205 7 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 205 8 became become VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 205 9 dominant dominant JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 205 10 under under IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 205 11 selective selective JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 205 12 pressures pressure NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 205 13 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 205 14 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 205 15 this this DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 205 16 case case NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 205 17 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 205 18 changes change NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 205 19 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 205 20 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 205 21 hosts host NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 205 22 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 205 23 temperatures temperature NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 205 24 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 206 1 The the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 206 2 I I NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 206 3 769 769 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 206 4 -M -M : cord-345088-krb1eidw 206 5 769 769 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 206 6 mutation mutation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 206 7 emerged emerge VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 206 8 earlier early RBR cord-345088-krb1eidw 206 9 than than IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 206 10 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 206 11 Q Q NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 206 12 294 294 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 206 13 -L -l SYM cord-345088-krb1eidw 206 14 294 294 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 206 15 mutation mutation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 206 16 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 206 17 which which WDT cord-345088-krb1eidw 206 18 among among IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 206 19 variations variation NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 206 20 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 206 21 other other JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 206 22 gene gene NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 206 23 products product NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 206 24 may may MD cord-345088-krb1eidw 206 25 be be VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 206 26 associated associate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 206 27 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 206 28 cold cold JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 206 29 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 206 30 adaptation adaptation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 206 31 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 206 32 suggesting suggest VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 206 33 potential potential JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 206 34 segregation segregation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 206 35 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 206 36 mutations mutation NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 206 37 responsible responsible JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 206 38 for for IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 206 39 either either DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 206 40 cold cold JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 206 41 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 206 42 adaptation adaptation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 206 43 or or CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 206 44 ts ts NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 206 45 phenotypes phenotype NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 206 46 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 207 1 Further further JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 207 2 confirmation confirmation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 207 3 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 207 4 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 207 5 possibility possibility NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 207 6 that that IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 207 7 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 207 8 Q Q NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 207 9 294 294 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 207 10 -to -to NNPS cord-345088-krb1eidw 207 11 - - : cord-345088-krb1eidw 207 12 L l NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 207 13 294 294 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 207 14 mutation mutation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 207 15 may may MD cord-345088-krb1eidw 207 16 cause cause VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 207 17 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 207 18 ts ts NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 207 19 phenotypic phenotypic NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 207 20 changes change NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 207 21 is be VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 207 22 currently currently RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 207 23 being be VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 207 24 carried carry VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 207 25 out out RP cord-345088-krb1eidw 207 26 by by IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 207 27 introducing introduce VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 207 28 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 207 29 mutation mutation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 207 30 to to IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 207 31 an an DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 207 32 infectious infectious JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 207 33 IBV IBV NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 207 34 clones clone NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 207 35 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 207 36 isolation isolation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 207 37 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 207 38 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 207 39 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 207 40 virus virus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 207 41 containing contain VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 207 42 this this DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 207 43 mutation mutation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 207 44 only only RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 207 45 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 208 1 The the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 208 2 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 208 3 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 208 4 is be VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 208 5 co co NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 208 6 - - NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 208 7 translationally translationally RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 208 8 N n NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 208 9 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 208 10 glycosylated glycosylate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 208 11 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 208 12 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 208 13 ER ER NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 208 14 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 208 15 oligomerized oligomerize VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 208 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 208 17 Luytjes Luytjes NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 208 18 et et NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 208 19 al al NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 208 20 . . NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 208 21 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 208 22 1997 1997 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 208 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 208 24 if if IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 208 25 folded fold VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 208 26 properly properly RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 208 27 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 208 28 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 208 29 associated associate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 208 30 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 208 31 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 208 32 M M NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 208 33 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 208 34 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 208 35 pre pre JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 208 36 - - JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 208 37 Golgi golgi JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 208 38 membrane membrane NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 208 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 208 40 Opstelten Opstelten NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 208 41 et et NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 208 42 al al NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 208 43 . . NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 208 44 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 208 45 1995 1995 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 208 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 208 47 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 209 1 One one CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 209 2 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 209 3 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 209 4 essential essential JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 209 5 steps step NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 209 6 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 209 7 Nlinked Nlinked NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 209 8 glycosylation glycosylation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 209 9 is be VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 209 10 transfer transfer NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 209 11 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 209 12 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 209 13 preformed preformed JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 209 14 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 209 15 14-coreunit 14-coreunit CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 209 16 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 209 17 oligosaccharide oligosaccharide NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 209 18 to to IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 209 19 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 209 20 specific specific JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 209 21 Asn Asn NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 209 22 residue residue NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 209 23 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 209 24 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 209 25 sequence sequence NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 210 1 Asn Asn NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 210 2 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 210 3 X X NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 210 4 - - JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 210 5 Ser Ser NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 210 6 / / SYM cord-345088-krb1eidw 210 7 Thr Thr NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 210 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 210 9 where where WRB cord-345088-krb1eidw 210 10 X x NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 210 11 is be VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 210 12 any any DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 210 13 residue residue NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 210 14 except except IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 210 15 Pro Pro NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 210 16 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 210 17 Asp Asp NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 210 18 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 210 19 or or CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 210 20 Glu Glu NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 210 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 210 22 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 211 1 The the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 211 2 oligosaccharide oligosaccharide NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 211 3 chain chain NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 211 4 is be VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 211 5 donated donate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 211 6 by by IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 211 7 dolichol dolichol JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 211 8 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 211 9 pyrophosphate pyrophosphate NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 211 10 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 211 11 oligosaccharide oligosaccharide NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 211 12 to to IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 211 13 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 211 14 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 211 15 chain chain NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 211 16 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 211 17 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 211 18 ER ER NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 211 19 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 212 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-345088-krb1eidw 212 2 is be VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 212 3 trimmed trim VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 212 4 down down RP cord-345088-krb1eidw 212 5 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 212 6 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 212 7 ER ER NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 212 8 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 212 9 cis cis NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 212 10 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 212 11 Golgi Golgi NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 212 12 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 212 13 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 212 14 different different JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 212 15 external external JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 212 16 sugars sugar NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 212 17 are be VBP cord-345088-krb1eidw 212 18 then then RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 212 19 added add VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 212 20 to to IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 212 21 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 212 22 trimmed trim VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 212 23 chain chain NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 212 24 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 212 25 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 212 26 medial medial JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 212 27 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 212 28 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 212 29 trans trans NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 212 30 - - NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 212 31 Golgi Golgi NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 212 32 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 213 1 Glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 213 2 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 213 3 high high JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 213 4 mannose mannose NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 213 5 oligosaccharides oligosaccharide NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 213 6 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 213 7 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 213 8 ER ER NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 213 9 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 213 10 cis cis NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 213 11 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 213 12 Golgi Golgi NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 213 13 remain remain VBP cord-345088-krb1eidw 213 14 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 213 15 to to IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 213 16 Endo Endo NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 213 17 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 213 18 H. H. NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 214 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-345088-krb1eidw 214 2 become become VBP cord-345088-krb1eidw 214 3 Endo Endo NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 214 4 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 214 5 H h NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 214 6 resistant resistant NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 214 7 after after IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 214 8 being be VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 214 9 processed process VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 214 10 by by IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 214 11 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 214 12 medial medial JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 214 13 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 214 14 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 214 15 trans trans JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 214 16 - - JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 214 17 Golgi Golgi NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 214 18 resident resident NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 214 19 enzymes enzyme NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 214 20 to to IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 214 21 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 214 22 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 214 23 complex complex JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 214 24 oligosaccharides oligosaccharide NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 214 25 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 215 1 The the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 215 2 acquisition acquisition NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 215 3 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 215 4 Endo Endo NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 215 5 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 215 6 H H NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 215 7 resistance resistance NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 215 8 is be VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 215 9 therefore therefore RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 215 10 an an DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 215 11 indication indication NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 215 12 that that IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 215 13 viral viral JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 215 14 N n NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 215 15 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 215 16 linked link VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 215 17 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 215 18 are be VBP cord-345088-krb1eidw 215 19 properly properly RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 215 20 processed process VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 215 21 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 215 22 transported transport VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 215 23 to to IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 215 24 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 215 25 Golgi Golgi NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 215 26 apparatus apparatus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 215 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 215 28 Luo Luo NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 215 29 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 215 30 Weiss Weiss NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 215 31 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 215 32 1998 1998 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 215 33 ; ; : cord-345088-krb1eidw 215 34 Luo Luo NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 215 35 et et NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 215 36 al al NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 215 37 . . NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 215 38 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 215 39 1999 1999 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 215 40 ; ; : cord-345088-krb1eidw 216 1 Luytjes Luytjes NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 216 2 et et NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 216 3 al al NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 216 4 . . NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 216 5 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 216 6 1997 1997 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 216 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 216 8 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 217 1 Examination examination NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 217 2 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 217 3 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 217 4 amino amino NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 217 5 acid acid NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 217 6 sequence sequence NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 217 7 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 217 8 IBV IBV NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 217 9 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 217 10 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 217 11 showed show VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 217 12 that that IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 217 13 there there EX cord-345088-krb1eidw 217 14 are be VBP cord-345088-krb1eidw 217 15 13 13 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 217 16 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 217 17 9 9 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 217 18 potential potential JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 217 19 glycosylation glycosylation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 217 20 sites site NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 217 21 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 217 22 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 217 23 S1 S1 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 217 24 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 217 25 S2 s2 NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 217 26 subunits subunit NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 217 27 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 217 28 respectively respectively RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 217 29 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 218 1 The the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 218 2 calculated calculated JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 218 3 molecular molecular JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 218 4 weight weight NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 218 5 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 218 6 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 218 7 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 218 8 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 218 9 is be VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 218 10 128 128 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 218 11 kDa kDa NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 218 12 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 219 1 If if IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 219 2 all all DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 219 3 21 21 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 219 4 sites site NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 219 5 are be VBP cord-345088-krb1eidw 219 6 used use VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 219 7 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 219 8 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 219 9 initially initially RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 219 10 transferred transfer VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 219 11 oligosaccharides oligosaccharide NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 219 12 account account VBP cord-345088-krb1eidw 219 13 for for IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 219 14 50 50 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 219 15 kDa kDa NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 219 16 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 220 1 In in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 220 2 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 220 3 overexpressing overexpresse VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 220 4 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 220 5 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 220 6 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 220 7 core core NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 220 8 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 220 9 glycosylation glycosylation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 220 10 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 220 11 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 220 12 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 220 13 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 220 14 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 220 15 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 220 16 ER ER NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 220 17 resulted result VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 220 18 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 220 19 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 220 20 180-kDa 180-kda CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 220 21 product product NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 220 22 as as IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 220 23 expected expect VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 220 24 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 221 1 Trimming trim VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 221 2 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 221 3 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 221 4 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 221 5 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 221 6 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 221 7 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 221 8 ER ER NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 221 9 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 221 10 cis cis NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 221 11 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 221 12 Golgi Golgi NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 221 13 led lead VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 221 14 to to IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 221 15 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 221 16 partially partially RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 221 17 processed process VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 221 18 155-kDa 155-kda CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 221 19 form form NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 221 20 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 221 21 larger large JJR cord-345088-krb1eidw 221 22 than than IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 221 23 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 221 24 Endo Endo NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 221 25 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 221 26 H H NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 221 27 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 221 28 treated treat VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 221 29 130-kDa 130-kda CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 221 30 form form NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 221 31 which which WDT cord-345088-krb1eidw 221 32 only only RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 221 33 has have VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 221 34 one one CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 221 35 sugar sugar NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 221 36 residue residue NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 221 37 left leave VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 221 38 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 221 39 each each DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 221 40 site site NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 221 41 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 222 1 Both both DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 222 2 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 222 3 trimmed trimmed JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 222 4 155-and 155-and CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 222 5 core core NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 222 6 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 222 7 glycosylated glycosylate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 222 8 180-kDa 180-kda CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 222 9 forms form NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 222 10 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 222 11 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 222 12 to to IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 222 13 Endo endo NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 222 14 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 222 15 H H NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 222 16 digestion digestion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 222 17 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 223 1 At at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 223 2 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 223 3 permissive permissive JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 223 4 temperature temperature NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 223 5 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 223 6 further further JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 223 7 modification modification NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 223 8 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 223 9 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 223 10 mutant mutant JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 223 11 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 223 12 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 223 13 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 223 14 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 223 15 medial medial JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 223 16 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 223 17 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 223 18 trans trans JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 223 19 - - JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 223 20 Golgi Golgi NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 223 21 by by IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 223 22 addition addition NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 223 23 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 223 24 sugars sugar NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 223 25 to to IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 223 26 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 223 27 trimmed trim VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 223 28 chains chain NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 223 29 resulted result VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 223 30 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 223 31 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 223 32 maturation maturation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 223 33 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 223 34 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 223 35 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 223 36 which which WDT cord-345088-krb1eidw 223 37 co co VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 223 38 - - VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 223 39 migrates migrate VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 223 40 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 223 41 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 223 42 core core NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 223 43 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 223 44 glycosylated glycosylated JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 223 45 180-kDa 180-kda CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 223 46 form form NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 223 47 but but CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 223 48 is be VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 223 49 resistant resistant JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 223 50 to to IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 223 51 Endo endo NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 223 52 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 223 53 H H NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 223 54 digestion digestion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 223 55 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 224 1 At at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 224 2 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 224 3 nonpermissive nonpermissive JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 224 4 temperature temperature NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 224 5 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 224 6 however however RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 224 7 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 224 8 no no DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 224 9 mature mature JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 224 10 form form NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 224 11 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 224 12 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 224 13 Fig Fig NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 224 14 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 225 1 6 6 LS cord-345088-krb1eidw 225 2 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 226 1 Analysis analysis NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 226 2 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 226 3 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 226 4 structural structural JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 226 5 proteins protein NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 226 6 on on IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 226 7 purified purify VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 226 8 ts291602 ts291602 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 226 9 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 226 10 rev-1 rev-1 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 226 11 virions virion NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 226 12 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 227 1 Immunoprecipitations immunoprecipitation NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 227 2 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 227 3 performed perform VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 227 4 using use VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 227 5 virions virion NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 227 6 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 227 7 purified purify VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 227 8 from from IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 227 9 ts291602-(lanes ts291602-(lanes NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 227 10 1 1 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 227 11 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 227 12 2 2 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 227 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 227 14 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 227 15 rev-1-infected rev-1-infected JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 228 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 228 2 lanes lane NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 228 3 3 3 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 228 4 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 228 5 4 4 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 228 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 228 7 Vero Vero NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 228 8 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 228 9 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 228 10 32 32 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 228 11 jC jC NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 229 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 229 2 lanes lane NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 229 3 1 1 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 229 4 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 229 5 3 3 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 229 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 229 7 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 229 8 40 40 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 229 9 jC jC NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 229 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 229 11 lanes lane NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 229 12 2 2 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 229 13 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 229 14 4 4 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 229 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 229 16 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 230 1 The the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 230 2 viral viral JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 230 3 proteins protein NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 230 4 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 230 5 separated separate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 230 6 on on IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 230 7 12.5 12.5 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 230 8 % % NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 230 9 polyacrylamide polyacrylamide NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 230 10 gels gel NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 230 11 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 230 12 detected detect VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 230 13 by by IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 230 14 autoradiography autoradiography NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 230 15 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 231 1 Numbers number NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 231 2 on on IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 231 3 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 231 4 left left JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 231 5 indicate indicate VBP cord-345088-krb1eidw 231 6 molecular molecular JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 231 7 masses masse NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 231 8 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 231 9 kilodalton kilodalton NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 231 10 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 231 11 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 231 12 positions position NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 231 13 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 231 14 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 231 15 three three CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 231 16 structural structural JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 231 17 proteins protein NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 231 18 are be VBP cord-345088-krb1eidw 231 19 indicated indicate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 231 20 on on IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 231 21 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 231 22 right right NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 231 23 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 232 1 mutant mutant NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 232 2 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 232 3 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 232 4 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 232 5 produced produce VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 232 6 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 233 1 In in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 233 2 virus virus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 233 3 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 233 4 infected infect VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 233 5 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 233 6 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 233 7 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 233 8 Endo Endo NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 233 9 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 233 10 H H NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 233 11 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 233 12 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 233 13 155-kDa 155-kda CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 233 14 form form NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 233 15 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 233 16 ts291602 ts291602 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 233 17 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 233 18 abundant abundant JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 233 19 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 233 20 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 233 21 nonpermissive nonpermissive JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 233 22 temperature temperature NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 233 23 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 233 24 clearly clearly RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 233 25 indicating indicate VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 233 26 that that IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 233 27 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 233 28 mutant mutant JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 233 29 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 233 30 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 233 31 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 233 32 trimmed trim VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 233 33 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 233 34 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 233 35 ER ER NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 233 36 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 233 37 cis cis NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 233 38 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 233 39 Golgi Golgi NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 233 40 but but CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 233 41 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 233 42 not not RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 233 43 transported transport VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 233 44 to to IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 233 45 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 233 46 trans trans NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 233 47 - - NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 233 48 Golgi Golgi NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 233 49 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 234 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 234 2 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 234 3 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 234 4 mutant mutant JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 234 5 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 234 6 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 234 7 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 234 8 not not RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 234 9 cleaved cleave VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 234 10 into into IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 234 11 S1 S1 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 234 12 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 234 13 S2 S2 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 234 14 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 234 15 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 234 16 nonpermissive nonpermissive JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 234 17 temperature temperature NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 234 18 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 234 19 which which WDT cord-345088-krb1eidw 234 20 usually usually RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 234 21 occurs occur VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 234 22 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 234 23 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 234 24 trans trans NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 234 25 - - NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 234 26 Golgi Golgi NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 234 27 shortly shortly RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 234 28 before before IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 234 29 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 234 30 release release NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 234 31 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 234 32 virions virion NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 234 33 from from IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 234 34 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 234 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 234 36 Frana Frana NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 234 37 et et FW cord-345088-krb1eidw 234 38 al al NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 234 39 . . NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 234 40 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 234 41 1985 1985 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 234 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 234 43 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 235 1 As as IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 235 2 only only JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 235 3 spikeless spikeless NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 235 4 virions virion NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 235 5 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 235 6 produced produce VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 235 7 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 235 8 these these DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 235 9 results result NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 235 10 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 235 11 that that IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 235 12 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 235 13 core core NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 235 14 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 235 15 glycosylated glycosylate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 235 16 or or CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 235 17 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 235 18 trimmed trim VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 235 19 forms form NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 235 20 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 235 21 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 235 22 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 235 23 unable unable JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 235 24 to to TO cord-345088-krb1eidw 235 25 incorporate incorporate VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 235 26 into into IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 235 27 virions virion NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 235 28 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 236 1 In in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 236 2 addition addition NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 236 3 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 236 4 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 236 5 mutant mutant JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 236 6 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 236 7 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 236 8 fails fail VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 236 9 to to TO cord-345088-krb1eidw 236 10 induce induce VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 236 11 cell cell NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 236 12 -cell -cell JJR cord-345088-krb1eidw 236 13 fusion fusion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 236 14 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 236 15 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 236 16 nonpermissive nonpermissive JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 236 17 temperature temperature NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 236 18 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 237 1 As as IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 237 2 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 237 3 Q Q NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 237 4 294 294 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 237 5 -to -to NNPS cord-345088-krb1eidw 237 6 - - : cord-345088-krb1eidw 237 7 L l NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 237 8 294 294 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 237 9 mutation mutation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 237 10 is be VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 237 11 not not RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 237 12 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 237 13 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 237 14 fusogenic fusogenic JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 237 15 domain domain NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 237 16 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 237 17 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 237 18 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 237 19 it -PRON- PRP cord-345088-krb1eidw 237 20 renders render VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 237 21 support support NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 237 22 to to IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 237 23 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 237 24 conclusion conclusion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 237 25 that that IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 237 26 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 237 27 mutation mutation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 237 28 causes cause VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 237 29 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 237 30 defect defect NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 237 31 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 237 32 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-345088-krb1eidw 237 33 modification modification NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 237 34 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 237 35 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 237 36 transport transport NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 237 37 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 237 38 instead instead RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 237 39 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 237 40 having have VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 237 41 direct direct JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 237 42 impact impact NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 237 43 on on IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 237 44 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 237 45 fusion fusion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 237 46 process process NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 237 47 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 238 1 Taken take VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 238 2 together together RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 238 3 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 238 4 these these DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 238 5 studies study NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 238 6 clearly clearly RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 238 7 indicate indicate VBP cord-345088-krb1eidw 238 8 that that IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 238 9 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 238 10 mutant mutant JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 238 11 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 238 12 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 238 13 could could MD cord-345088-krb1eidw 238 14 not not RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 238 15 reach reach VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 238 16 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 238 17 site site NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 238 18 where where WRB cord-345088-krb1eidw 238 19 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 238 20 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 238 21 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 238 22 is be VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 238 23 incorporated incorporate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 238 24 into into IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 238 25 virions virion NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 238 26 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 239 1 The the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 239 2 reasons reason NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 239 3 for for IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 239 4 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 239 5 retention retention NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 239 6 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 239 7 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 239 8 mutant mutant JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 239 9 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 239 10 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 239 11 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 239 12 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 239 13 ER ER NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 239 14 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 239 15 cis cis NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 239 16 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 239 17 Golgi Golgi NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 239 18 are be VBP cord-345088-krb1eidw 239 19 yet yet RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 239 20 to to TO cord-345088-krb1eidw 239 21 be be VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 239 22 explored explore VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 239 23 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 240 1 Previous previous JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 240 2 studies study NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 240 3 show show VBP cord-345088-krb1eidw 240 4 that that IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 240 5 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 240 6 retention retention NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 240 7 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 240 8 monomeric monomeric JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 240 9 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 240 10 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 240 11 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 240 12 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 240 13 ER ER NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 240 14 is be VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 240 15 due due JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 240 16 to to IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 240 17 misfolding misfolde VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 240 18 induced induce VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 240 19 by by IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 240 20 disruption disruption NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 240 21 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 240 22 disulfide disulfide JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 240 23 bonds bond NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 240 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 241 1 Opstelten Opstelten NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 241 2 et et NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 241 3 al al NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 241 4 . . NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 241 5 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 241 6 1993 1993 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 241 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 241 8 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 241 9 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 241 10 also also RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 241 11 caused cause VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 241 12 by by IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 241 13 lack lack NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 241 14 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 241 15 oligomerization oligomerization NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 241 16 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 241 17 Endo Endo NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 241 18 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 241 19 H H NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 241 20 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 241 21 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 241 22 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 241 23 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 241 24 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 241 25 ts ts JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 241 26 mutants mutant NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 241 27 though though IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 241 28 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 241 29 locations location NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 241 30 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 241 31 not not RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 241 32 determined determine VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 242 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 242 2 Luytjes Luytjes NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 242 3 et et NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 242 4 al al NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 242 5 . . NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 242 6 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 242 7 1997 1997 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 242 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 242 9 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 243 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-345088-krb1eidw 243 2 is be VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 243 3 not not RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 243 4 clear clear JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 243 5 whether whether IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 243 6 mutations mutation NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 243 7 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 243 8 IBV IBV NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 243 9 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 243 10 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 243 11 have have VBP cord-345088-krb1eidw 243 12 an an DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 243 13 effect effect NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 243 14 on on IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 243 15 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-345088-krb1eidw 243 16 folding folding NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 243 17 or or CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 243 18 oligomerization oligomerization NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 243 19 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 244 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 244 2 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 244 3 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 244 4 both both DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 244 5 circumstances circumstance NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 244 6 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 244 7 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 244 8 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 244 9 transport transport NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 244 10 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 244 11 modification modification NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 244 12 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 244 13 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 244 14 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 244 15 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 244 16 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 244 17 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-345088-krb1eidw 244 18 incorporation incorporation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 244 19 into into IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 244 20 virion virion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 244 21 would would MD cord-345088-krb1eidw 244 22 have have VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 244 23 been be VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 244 24 affected affect VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 244 25 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 245 1 Studies study NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 245 2 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 245 3 some some DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 245 4 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 245 5 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 245 6 other other JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 245 7 enveloped envelop VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 245 8 viruses virus NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 245 9 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 245 10 that that IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 245 11 molecular molecular JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 245 12 chaperones chaperone NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 245 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 245 14 like like IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 245 15 calnexin calnexin NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 245 16 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 245 17 calreticulin calreticulin NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 245 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 245 19 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 245 20 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 245 21 ER ER NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 245 22 transiently transiently RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 245 23 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 245 24 specifically specifically RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 245 25 interact interact VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 245 26 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 245 27 partially partially RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 245 28 trimmed trim VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 245 29 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 245 30 monoglycosylated monoglycosylate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 245 31 form form NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 245 32 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 245 33 viral viral JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 245 34 N n NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 245 35 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 245 36 linked link VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 245 37 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 245 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 245 39 Tatu Tatu NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 245 40 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 245 41 Helenius Helenius NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 245 42 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 245 43 1997 1997 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 245 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 245 45 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 246 1 For for IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 246 2 instance instance NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 246 3 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 246 4 calnexin calnexin NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 246 5 interacts interact VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 246 6 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 246 7 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 246 8 influenza influenza NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 246 9 hemagglutinin hemagglutinin NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 246 10 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 246 11 vesicular vesicular JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 246 12 stomatitis stomatitis NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 246 13 virus virus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 246 14 G g NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 246 15 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 246 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 246 17 Hebert Hebert NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 246 18 et et NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 246 19 al al NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 246 20 . . NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 246 21 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 246 22 1996 1996 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 246 23 ; ; : cord-345088-krb1eidw 246 24 Hammond Hammond NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 246 25 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 246 26 Helenius Helenius NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 246 27 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 246 28 1994 1994 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 246 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 246 30 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 247 1 These these DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 247 2 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 247 3 other other JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 247 4 proteins protein NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 247 5 could could MD cord-345088-krb1eidw 247 6 facilitate facilitate VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 247 7 proper proper JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 247 8 folding folding NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 247 9 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 247 10 ensure ensure VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 247 11 quality quality NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 247 12 control control NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 247 13 for for IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 247 14 viral viral JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 247 15 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 247 16 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 248 1 Proteins protein NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 248 2 that that WDT cord-345088-krb1eidw 248 3 fail fail VBP cord-345088-krb1eidw 248 4 to to TO cord-345088-krb1eidw 248 5 fold fold VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 248 6 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 248 7 oligomerize oligomerize NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 248 8 are be VBP cord-345088-krb1eidw 248 9 prevented prevent VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 248 10 from from IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 248 11 transport transport NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 248 12 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 248 13 ultimately ultimately RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 248 14 degraded degrade VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 248 15 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 249 1 With with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 249 2 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 249 3 ts ts NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 249 4 mutants mutant NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 249 5 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 249 6 it -PRON- PRP cord-345088-krb1eidw 249 7 is be VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 249 8 possible possible JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 249 9 to to TO cord-345088-krb1eidw 249 10 explore explore VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 249 11 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 249 12 interaction interaction NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 249 13 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 249 14 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 249 15 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 249 16 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 249 17 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 249 18 molecular molecular JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 249 19 chaperones chaperone NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 249 20 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 249 21 folding folding NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 249 22 enzymes enzyme NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 249 23 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 250 1 This this DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 250 2 approach approach NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 250 3 would would MD cord-345088-krb1eidw 250 4 provide provide VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 250 5 new new JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 250 6 insights insight NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 250 7 into into IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 250 8 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 250 9 maturation maturation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 250 10 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 250 11 assembly assembly NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 250 12 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 250 13 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 250 14 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 250 15 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 250 16 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 250 17 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 251 1 The the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 251 2 ts ts AFX cord-345088-krb1eidw 251 3 mutant mutant NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 251 4 quickly quickly RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 251 5 lost lose VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 251 6 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-345088-krb1eidw 251 7 infectivity infectivity NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 251 8 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 251 9 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 251 10 nonpermissive nonpermissive JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 251 11 temperature temperature NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 251 12 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 252 1 This this DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 252 2 low low JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 252 3 thermostability thermostability NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 252 4 indicated indicate VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 252 5 that that IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 252 6 even even RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 252 7 if if IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 252 8 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 252 9 mutant mutant JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 252 10 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 252 11 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 252 12 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 252 13 synthesized synthesize VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 252 14 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 252 15 fully fully RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 252 16 modified modify VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 252 17 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 252 18 assembled assemble VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 252 19 into into IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 252 20 virions virion NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 252 21 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 252 22 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 252 23 permissive permissive JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 252 24 temperature temperature NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 252 25 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 252 26 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 252 27 resulting result VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 252 28 particles particle NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 252 29 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 252 30 relatively relatively RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 252 31 unstable unstable JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 252 32 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 252 33 lost lose VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 252 34 infectivity infectivity NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 252 35 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 252 36 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 252 37 nonpermissive nonpermissive JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 252 38 temperature temperature NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 252 39 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 253 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-345088-krb1eidw 253 2 suggests suggest VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 253 3 that that IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 253 4 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 253 5 Q Q NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 253 6 294 294 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 253 7 residue residue NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 253 8 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 253 9 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 253 10 conserved conserve VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 253 11 S1 s1 NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 253 12 domain domain NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 253 13 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 253 14 IBV IBV NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 253 15 may may MD cord-345088-krb1eidw 253 16 also also RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 253 17 play play VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 253 18 an an DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 253 19 essential essential JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 253 20 role role NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 253 21 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 253 22 maintaining maintain VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 253 23 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 253 24 thermal thermal JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 253 25 stability stability NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 253 26 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 253 27 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 253 28 spike spike NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 253 29 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 253 30 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 253 31 virion virion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 253 32 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 253 33 resembling resemble VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 253 34 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 253 35 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 253 36 287 287 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 253 37 residue residue NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 253 38 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 253 39 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 253 40 S1 S1 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 253 41 region region NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 253 42 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 253 43 an an DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 253 44 MHV MHV NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 253 45 ts ts NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 253 46 mutant mutant NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 253 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 253 48 Ricard Ricard NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 253 49 et et NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 253 50 al al NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 253 51 . . NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 253 52 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 253 53 1995 1995 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 253 54 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 253 55 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 1 In in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 2 addition addition NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 3 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 4 if if IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 5 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 6 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 7 incubated incubate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 8 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 9 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 10 ts ts NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 11 mutants mutant NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 12 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 13 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 14 nonpermissive nonpermissive JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 15 temperature temperature NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 16 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 17 viral viral JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 18 proteins protein NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 19 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 20 hardly hardly RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 21 detected detect VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 22 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 23 indicating indicate VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 24 that that IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 25 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 26 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 27 nonpermissive nonpermissive JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 28 temperature temperature NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 29 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 30 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 31 ts ts NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 32 mutant mutant NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 33 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 34 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 35 may may MD cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 36 be be VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 37 unable unable JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 38 to to TO cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 39 either either DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 40 bind bind VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 41 efficiently efficiently RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 42 to to IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 43 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 44 receptor receptor NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 45 or or CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 46 induce induce VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 47 virus virus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 48 -cell -cell CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 49 membrane membrane NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 50 fusion fusion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 51 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 52 contrast contrast NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 53 to to IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 54 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 55 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 56 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 57 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 58 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 59 revertant revertant NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 60 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 61 wt wt NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 62 virus virus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 254 63 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 255 1 This this DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 255 2 observation observation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 255 3 suggests suggest VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 255 4 that that IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 255 5 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 255 6 mutation mutation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 255 7 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 255 8 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 255 9 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 255 10 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 255 11 might may MD cord-345088-krb1eidw 255 12 induce induce VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 255 13 conformation conformation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 255 14 changes change NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 255 15 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 255 16 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 255 17 spikes spike NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 255 18 on on IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 255 19 virions virion NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 255 20 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 255 21 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 255 22 nonpermissive nonpermissive JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 255 23 temperature temperature NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 255 24 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 255 25 hamper hamper NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 255 26 either either DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 255 27 process process NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 255 28 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 256 1 Vero Vero NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 256 2 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 256 3 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 256 4 maintained maintain VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 256 5 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 256 6 complete complete JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 256 7 DMEM DMEM NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 256 8 medium medium NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 256 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 256 10 GIBCO GIBCO NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 256 11 BRL BRL NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 256 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 256 13 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 256 14 supplemented supplement VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 256 15 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 256 16 newborn newborn JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 256 17 calf calf NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 256 18 serum serum NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 256 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 256 20 10 10 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 256 21 % % NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 256 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 256 23 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 256 24 streptomycin streptomycin NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 256 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 256 26 1000 1000 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 256 27 Ag Ag NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 256 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 256 29 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 256 30 penicillin penicillin NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 256 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 256 32 1000 1000 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 256 33 units unit NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 256 34 / / SYM cord-345088-krb1eidw 256 35 ml ml NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 256 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 256 37 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 257 1 The the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 257 2 Beaudette Beaudette NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 257 3 stain stain NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 257 4 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 257 5 IBV IBV NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 257 6 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 257 7 purchased purchase VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 257 8 from from IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 257 9 ATCC ATCC NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 257 10 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 257 11 propagated propagate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 257 12 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 257 13 chicken chicken NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 257 14 embryonated embryonate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 257 15 eggs egg NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 257 16 for for IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 257 17 three three CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 257 18 passages passage NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 257 19 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 258 1 The the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 258 2 virus virus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 258 3 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 258 4 then then RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 258 5 adapted adapt VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 258 6 to to TO cord-345088-krb1eidw 258 7 grow grow VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 258 8 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 258 9 passage passage VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 258 10 on on IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 258 11 Vero Vero NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 258 12 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 258 13 for for IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 258 14 65 65 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 258 15 times time NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 258 16 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 258 17 37 37 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 258 18 jC. jc. NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 259 1 In in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 259 2 this this DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 259 3 study study NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 259 4 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 259 5 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 259 6 viruses virus NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 259 7 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 259 8 further further RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 259 9 passaged passage VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 259 10 on on IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 259 11 Vero Vero NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 259 12 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 259 13 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 259 14 progressively progressively RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 259 15 lower low JJR cord-345088-krb1eidw 259 16 temperatures temperature NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 259 17 for for IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 259 18 121 121 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 259 19 passages passage NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 259 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 259 21 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 259 22 35 35 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 259 23 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 259 24 34 34 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 259 25 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 259 26 33 33 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 259 27 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 259 28 32 32 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 259 29 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 259 30 30 30 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 259 31 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 259 32 29 29 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 259 33 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 259 34 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 259 35 28 28 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 259 36 jC jC NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 259 37 for for IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 259 38 4 4 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 259 39 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 259 40 5 5 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 259 41 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 259 42 7 7 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 259 43 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 259 44 44 44 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 259 45 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 259 46 12 12 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 259 47 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 259 48 21 21 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 259 49 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 259 50 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 259 51 29 29 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 259 52 passages passage NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 259 53 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 259 54 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 260 1 Virus virus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 260 2 stocks stock NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 260 3 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 260 4 used use VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 260 5 for for IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 260 6 plaque plaque NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 260 7 assays assay NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 260 8 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 260 9 plaque plaque NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 260 10 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 260 11 to to IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 260 12 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 260 13 plaque plaque NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 260 14 purification purification NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 260 15 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 260 16 viral viral JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 260 17 RNA RNA NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 260 18 extraction extraction NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 260 19 as as IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 260 20 described describe VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 260 21 previously previously RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 260 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 260 23 Shen Shen NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 260 24 et et NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 260 25 al al NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 260 26 . . NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 260 27 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 260 28 1994 1994 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 260 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 260 30 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 261 1 The the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 261 2 wild wild JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 261 3 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 261 4 type type NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 261 5 virus virus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 261 6 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 261 7 wt6501 wt6501 NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 261 8 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 261 9 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 261 10 plaque plaque NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 261 11 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 261 12 purified purify VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 261 13 from from IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 261 14 passage passage NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 261 15 65 65 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 261 16 grown grow VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 261 17 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 261 18 37 37 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 261 19 jC jC NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 261 20 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 261 21 while while IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 261 22 ts ts NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 261 23 mutants mutant NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 261 24 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 261 25 ts291602 ts291602 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 261 26 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 261 27 ts282902 ts282902 XX cord-345088-krb1eidw 261 28 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 261 29 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 261 30 purified purify VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 261 31 from from IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 261 32 passage passage NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 261 33 16 16 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 261 34 grown grow VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 261 35 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 261 36 29 29 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 261 37 jC jC NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 261 38 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 261 39 passage passage NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 261 40 29 29 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 261 41 grown grow VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 261 42 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 261 43 28 28 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 261 44 jC jC NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 261 45 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 261 46 respectively respectively RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 261 47 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 262 1 The the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 262 2 revertant revertant NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 262 3 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 262 4 rev-1 rev-1 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 262 5 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 262 6 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 262 7 plaque plaque NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 262 8 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 262 9 purified purify VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 262 10 from from IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 262 11 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 262 12 infected infect VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 262 13 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 262 14 ts ts NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 262 15 291602 291602 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 262 16 for for IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 262 17 12 12 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 262 18 h h NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 262 19 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 262 20 37 37 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 262 21 jC jC NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 262 22 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 262 23 then then RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 262 24 shifted shift VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 262 25 to to IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 262 26 40 40 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 262 27 jC jC NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 262 28 for for IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 262 29 2 2 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 262 30 days day NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 262 31 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 263 1 Recombinant recombinant JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 263 2 vaccinia vaccinia NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 263 3 / / SYM cord-345088-krb1eidw 263 4 T7 t7 NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 263 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 263 6 V V NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 263 7 / / SYM cord-345088-krb1eidw 263 8 T3 T3 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 263 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 263 10 virus virus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 263 11 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 263 12 propagated propagate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 263 13 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 263 14 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 263 15 tittered titter VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 263 16 on on IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 263 17 Vero Vero NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 263 18 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 263 19 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 264 1 Virus virus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 264 2 stocks stock NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 264 3 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 264 4 kept keep VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 264 5 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 264 6 À80 À80 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 264 7 jC jC NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 264 8 until until IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 264 9 use use NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 264 10 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 265 1 Confluent confluent NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 265 2 monolayers monolayer NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 265 3 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 265 4 Vero Vero NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 265 5 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 265 6 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 265 7 infected infect VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 265 8 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 265 9 viruses virus NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 265 10 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 265 11 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 265 12 multiplicity multiplicity NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 265 13 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 265 14 infection infection NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 265 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 265 16 MOI MOI NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 265 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 265 18 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 265 19 0.1 0.1 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 265 20 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 266 1 After after IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 266 2 2h 2h CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 266 3 absorption absorption NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 266 4 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 266 5 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 266 6 viruses virus NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 266 7 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 266 8 radiolabeled radiolabele VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 266 9 by by IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 266 10 replacing replace VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 266 11 medium medium NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 266 12 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 266 13 methionine methionine NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 266 14 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 266 15 free free JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 266 16 DMEM DMEM NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 266 17 supplemented supplement VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 266 18 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 266 19 30 30 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 266 20 Aci Aci NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 266 21 / / SYM cord-345088-krb1eidw 266 22 ml ml NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 266 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 266 24 35 35 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 266 25 S]-methionine S]-methionine NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 266 26 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 267 1 After after IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 267 2 16-h 16-h CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 267 3 incubation incubation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 267 4 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 267 5 temperatures temperature NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 267 6 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 267 7 for for IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 267 8 each each DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 267 9 virus virus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 267 10 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 267 11 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 267 12 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 267 13 harvested harvest VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 267 14 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 267 15 virus virus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 267 16 stock stock NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 267 17 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 267 18 prepared prepare VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 267 19 by by IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 267 20 freezing freeze VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 267 21 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 267 22 thawing thaw VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 267 23 three three CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 267 24 times time NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 267 25 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 268 1 Cell cell NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 268 2 debris debris NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 268 3 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 268 4 removed remove VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 268 5 by by IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 268 6 centrifugation centrifugation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 268 7 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 268 8 5000 5000 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 268 9 rpm rpm NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 268 10 for for IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 268 11 15 15 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 268 12 min min NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 268 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 268 14 Beckmen Beckmen NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 268 15 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 268 16 25.50 25.50 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 268 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 268 18 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 269 1 The the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 269 2 supernatant supernatant NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 269 3 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 269 4 centrifuged centrifuge VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 269 5 through through IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 269 6 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 269 7 20 20 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 269 8 % % NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 269 9 sucrose sucrose NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 269 10 cushion cushion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 269 11 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 269 12 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 269 13 resulting result VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 269 14 pellet pellet NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 269 15 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 269 16 resuspended resuspend VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 269 17 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 269 18 TNE TNE NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 269 19 buffer buffer NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 269 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 269 21 50 50 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 269 22 mM mm CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 269 23 Tris Tris NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 269 24 -HCl -HCl '' cord-345088-krb1eidw 269 25 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 269 26 pH pH NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 269 27 7.4 7.4 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 269 28 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 269 29 100 100 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 269 30 mM mm CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 269 31 NaCl nacl NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 269 32 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 269 33 1 1 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 269 34 mM mm CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 269 35 EDTA EDTA NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 269 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 269 37 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 270 1 The the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 270 2 viruses virus NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 270 3 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 270 4 further further RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 270 5 purified purify VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 270 6 by by IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 270 7 centrifugation centrifugation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 270 8 through through IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 270 9 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 270 10 20 20 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 270 11 - - SYM cord-345088-krb1eidw 270 12 55 55 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 270 13 % % NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 270 14 su su NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 270 15 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 270 16 crose crose JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 270 17 gradient gradient NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 270 18 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 270 19 TNE TNE NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 270 20 buffer buffer NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 270 21 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 270 22 45,000 45,000 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 270 23 rpm rpm NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 270 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 270 25 Beckmen Beckmen NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 270 26 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 270 27 SW50 SW50 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 270 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 270 29 twice twice RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 270 30 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 271 1 Fractions fraction NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 271 2 containing contain VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 271 3 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 271 4 virus virus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 271 5 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 271 6 pooled pool VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 271 7 together together RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 271 8 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 271 9 used use VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 271 10 for for IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 271 11 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 271 12 analysis analysis NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 271 13 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 272 1 Viral viral JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 272 2 structural structural JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 272 3 proteins protein NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 272 4 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 272 5 labeled label VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 272 6 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 272 7 [ [ -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 272 8 35 35 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 272 9 S]-methionine S]-methionine NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 272 10 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 272 11 immunoprecipitated immunoprecipitated JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 272 12 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 272 13 separated separate VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 272 14 on on IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 272 15 12.5 12.5 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 272 16 % % NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 272 17 polyacrylamide polyacrylamide NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 272 18 gels gel NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 272 19 as as IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 272 20 described describe VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 272 21 previously previously RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 272 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 272 23 Liu Liu NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 272 24 et et NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 272 25 al al NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 272 26 . . NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 272 27 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 272 28 1998 1998 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 272 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 272 30 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 273 1 The the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 273 2 anti anti JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 273 3 - - JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 273 4 IBV IBV NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 273 5 serum serum NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 273 6 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 273 7 raised raise VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 273 8 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 273 9 rabbit rabbit NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 273 10 against against IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 273 11 purified purify VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 273 12 IBV IBV NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 273 13 virions virion NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 273 14 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 273 15 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 273 16 used use VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 273 17 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 273 18 immunoprecipitation immunoprecipitation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 273 19 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 273 20 Western western JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 273 21 blot blot NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 273 22 as as IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 273 23 previously previously RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 273 24 described describe VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 273 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 273 26 Liu Liu NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 273 27 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 273 28 Inglis Inglis NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 273 29 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 273 30 1991 1991 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 273 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 273 32 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 274 1 A a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 274 2 portion portion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 274 3 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 274 4 cell cell NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 274 5 lysates lysate NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 274 6 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 274 7 immunoprecipitated immunoprecipitate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 274 8 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 274 9 anti anti JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 274 10 - - JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 274 11 IBV IBV NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 274 12 serum serum NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 274 13 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 275 1 The the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 275 2 pellets pellet NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 275 3 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 275 4 washed wash VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 275 5 three three CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 275 6 times time NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 275 7 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 275 8 standard standard JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 275 9 RIPA RIPA NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 275 10 buffer buffer NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 275 11 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 275 12 dissolved dissolve VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 275 13 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 275 14 20 20 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 275 15 Al Al NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 275 16 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 275 17 digestion digestion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 275 18 buffer buffer NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 275 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 275 20 50 50 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 275 21 mM mm CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 275 22 Tris Tris NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 275 23 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 275 24 pH pH NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 275 25 6.8 6.8 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 275 26 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 275 27 0.25 0.25 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 275 28 % % NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 275 29 SDS SDS NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 275 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 275 31 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 275 32 incubated incubate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 275 33 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 275 34 95 95 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 275 35 jC jC NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 275 36 for for IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 275 37 5 5 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 275 38 min min NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 275 39 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 276 1 Ten ten CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 276 2 microliters microliter NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 276 3 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 276 4 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 276 5 supernatants supernatant NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 276 6 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 276 7 mixed mix VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 276 8 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 276 9 10 10 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 276 10 Al Al NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 276 11 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 276 12 digestion digestion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 276 13 buffer buffer NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 276 14 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 276 15 or or CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 276 16 without without IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 276 17 Endo endo NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 276 18 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 276 19 H H NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 276 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 276 21 0.2 0.2 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 276 22 mU mU NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 276 23 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 276 24 Boehringer Boehringer NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 276 25 Mannheim Mannheim NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 276 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 276 27 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 276 28 incubated incubate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 276 29 for for IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 276 30 4 4 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 276 31 h h NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 276 32 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 276 33 37 37 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 276 34 jC. jC. NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 276 35 Confluent Confluent NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 276 36 monolayers monolayer NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 276 37 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 276 38 Vero Vero NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 276 39 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 276 40 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 276 41 infected infect VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 276 42 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 276 43 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 276 44 vaccinia vaccinia NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 276 45 / / SYM cord-345088-krb1eidw 276 46 T7 t7 NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 276 47 viruses virus NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 276 48 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 276 49 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 276 50 MOI moi NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 276 51 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 276 52 0.1 0.1 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 276 53 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 277 1 After after IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 277 2 1h 1h CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 277 3 absorption absorption NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 277 4 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 277 5 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 277 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 277 7 2 2 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 277 8 Â â CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 277 9 10 10 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 277 10 7 7 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 277 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 277 12 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 277 13 trypsinized trypsinize VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 277 14 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 277 15 centrifuged centrifuge VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 277 16 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 277 17 250 250 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 277 18 g g NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 277 19 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 277 20 resuspended resuspend VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 277 21 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 277 22 2 2 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 277 23 ml ml NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 277 24 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 277 25 PBS PBS NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 277 26 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 278 1 The the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 278 2 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 278 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 278 4 0.3 0.3 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 278 5 ml ml NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 278 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 278 7 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 278 8 mixed mix VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 278 9 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 278 10 5 5 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 278 11 Ag Ag NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 278 12 plasmid plasmid NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 278 13 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 278 14 electroporated electroporate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 278 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 278 16 Easyject Easyject NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 278 17 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 278 18 EquiBio EquiBio NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 278 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 278 20 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 278 21 600 600 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 278 22 V v NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 278 23 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 278 24 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 278 25 0.4-cm 0.4-cm CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 278 26 cuvette cuvette NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 278 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 278 28 BioRad BioRad NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 278 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 278 30 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 279 1 The the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 279 2 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 279 3 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 279 4 then then RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 279 5 plated plate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 279 6 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 279 7 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 279 8 35-mm 35-mm CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 279 9 dish dish NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 279 10 containing contain VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 279 11 3 3 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 279 12 ml ml NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 279 13 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 279 14 DMEM DMEM NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 279 15 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 279 16 2 2 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 279 17 % % NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 279 18 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 279 19 newborn newborn JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 279 20 calf calf NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 279 21 serum serum NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 279 22 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 279 23 incubated incubate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 279 24 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 279 25 temperatures temperature NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 279 26 indicated indicate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 279 27 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 280 1 Viral Viral NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 280 2 RNA RNA NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 280 3 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 280 4 extracted extract VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 280 5 from from IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 280 6 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 280 7 purified purify VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 280 8 viruses virus NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 280 9 using use VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 280 10 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 280 11 RNeasy RNeasy NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 280 12 Mini Mini NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 280 13 Kit kit NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 280 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 280 15 Qiagen Qiagen NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 280 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 280 17 according accord VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 280 18 to to IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 280 19 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 280 20 manufacturer manufacturer NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 280 21 's 's POS cord-345088-krb1eidw 280 22 instructions instruction NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 280 23 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 281 1 Reverse reverse JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 281 2 transcription transcription NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 281 3 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 281 4 polymerase polymerase NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 281 5 chain chain NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 281 6 reaction reaction NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 281 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 281 8 RT RT NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 281 9 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 281 10 PCR PCR NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 281 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 281 12 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 281 13 performed perform VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 281 14 using use VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 281 15 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 281 16 Expand Expand NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 281 17 Reverse Reverse NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 281 18 Transcription Transcription NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 281 19 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 281 20 High High NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 281 21 Fidelity Fidelity NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 281 22 PCR PCR NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 281 23 Kits kit NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 281 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 281 25 Boehringer Boehringer NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 281 26 Mannheim Mannheim NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 281 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 281 28 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 282 1 Annealing annealing NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 282 2 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 282 3 extension extension NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 282 4 times time NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 282 5 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 282 6 PCR PCR NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 282 7 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 282 8 optimized optimize VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 282 9 for for IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 282 10 amplification amplification NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 282 11 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 282 12 PCR PCR NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 282 13 products product NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 282 14 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 282 15 different different JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 282 16 sizes size NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 282 17 using use VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 282 18 different different JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 282 19 primers primer NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 282 20 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 283 1 More More JJR cord-345088-krb1eidw 283 2 than than IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 283 3 100 100 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 283 4 specific specific JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 283 5 primers primer NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 283 6 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 283 7 used use VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 283 8 for for IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 283 9 amplification amplification NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 283 10 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 283 11 sequencing sequencing NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 283 12 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 283 13 cloning cloning NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 283 14 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 284 1 Automated automated JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 284 2 sequencing sequencing NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 284 3 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 284 4 carried carry VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 284 5 out out RP cord-345088-krb1eidw 284 6 using use VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 284 7 PCR PCR NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 284 8 products product NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 284 9 or or CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 284 10 cDNA cdna NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 284 11 clones clone NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 284 12 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 284 13 specific specific JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 284 14 primers primer NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 284 15 as as IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 284 16 previously previously RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 284 17 described describe VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 284 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 284 19 Shen Shen NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 284 20 et et NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 284 21 al al NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 284 22 . . NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 284 23 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 284 24 1999 1999 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 284 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 284 26 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 285 1 Sequence sequence NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 285 2 analysis analysis NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 285 3 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 285 4 carried carry VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 285 5 out out RP cord-345088-krb1eidw 285 6 using use VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 285 7 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 285 8 GCG GCG NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 285 9 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 285 10 Blast Blast NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 285 11 suite suite NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 285 12 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 285 13 programs program NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 285 14 as as IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 285 15 described describe VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 285 16 previously previously RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 285 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 285 18 Shen Shen NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 285 19 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 285 20 Liu Liu NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 285 21 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 285 22 2000 2000 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 285 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 285 24 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 1 HeLa HeLa NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 2 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 3 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 4 infected infect VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 5 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 6 vaccinia vaccinia NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 7 / / SYM cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 8 T7 t7 NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 9 virus virus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 10 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 11 transfected transfecte VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 12 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 13 constructs construct NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 14 encoding encode VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 15 wt wt NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 16 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 17 ts ts NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 18 mutant mutant NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 19 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 20 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 21 using use VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 22 QIAGEN QIAGEN NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 23 effectene effectene JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 24 transfection transfection NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 25 reagent reagent NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 26 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 27 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 28 incubated incubate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 29 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 30 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 31 permissive permissive JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 32 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 33 nonpermissive nonpermissive JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 34 temperatures temperature NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 35 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 36 respectively respectively RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 37 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 38 for for IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 39 18 18 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 40 h. h. NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 41 Cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 42 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 43 harvested harvest VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 44 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 45 washed wash VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 46 once once RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 47 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 48 PBS PBS NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 49 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 50 resuspended resuspend VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 51 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 52 blocking block VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 53 buffer buffer NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 54 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 55 20 20 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 56 % % NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 57 FBS FBS NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 58 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 59 1 1 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 60 % % NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 61 BSA BSA NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 62 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 63 PBS PBS NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 64 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 65 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 66 incubated incubate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 67 on on IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 68 ice ice NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 69 for for IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 70 30 30 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 71 min min NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 286 72 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 287 1 A a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 287 2 half half NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 287 3 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 287 4 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 287 5 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 287 6 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 287 7 permeabilized permeabilize VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 287 8 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 287 9 0.1 0.1 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 287 10 % % NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 287 11 saponin saponin NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 287 12 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 287 13 FACS FACS NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 287 14 washing washing NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 287 15 buffer buffer NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 287 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 287 17 2.5 2.5 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 287 18 % % NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 287 19 FBS FBS NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 287 20 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 287 21 0.05 0.05 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 287 22 % % NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 287 23 sodium sodium NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 287 24 azide azide NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 287 25 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 287 26 PBS PBS NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 287 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 287 28 incubated incubate VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 287 29 for for IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 287 30 10 10 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 287 31 min min NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 287 32 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 287 33 room room NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 287 34 temperature temperature NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 287 35 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 287 36 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 287 37 stained stain VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 287 38 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 287 39 1:100 1:100 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 287 40 diluted dilute VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 287 41 primary primary JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 287 42 antiserum antiserum NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 287 43 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 287 44 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 287 45 rabbit rabbit NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 287 46 anti anti NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 287 47 - - NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 287 48 IBV IBV NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 287 49 S S NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 287 50 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 287 51 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 288 1 The the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 288 2 other other JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 288 3 half half NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 288 4 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 288 5 stained stain VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 288 6 directly directly RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 288 7 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 288 8 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 288 9 same same JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 288 10 primary primary JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 288 11 antibody antibody NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 288 12 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 289 1 Cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 289 2 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 289 3 then then RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 289 4 washed wash VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 289 5 two two CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 289 6 times time NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 289 7 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 289 8 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 289 9 FACS FACS NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 289 10 washing washing NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 289 11 buffer buffer NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 289 12 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 289 13 stained stain VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 289 14 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 289 15 1:20 1:20 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 289 16 diluted diluted JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 289 17 FITC FITC NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 289 18 conjugated conjugate VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 289 19 swine swine NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 289 20 anti anti JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 289 21 - - JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 289 22 rabbit rabbit JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 289 23 antibody antibody NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 289 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 289 25 DAKO DAKO NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 289 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 289 27 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 290 1 After after IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 290 2 washing wash VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 290 3 two two CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 290 4 times time NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 290 5 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 290 6 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 290 7 FACS FACS NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 290 8 washing washing NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 290 9 buffer buffer NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 290 10 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 290 11 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 290 12 were be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 290 13 then then RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 290 14 fixed fix VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 290 15 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 290 16 1 1 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 290 17 % % NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 290 18 ice ice NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 290 19 cold cold JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 290 20 paraformaldehyde paraformaldehyde NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 290 21 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 290 22 analyzed analyze VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 290 23 by by IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 290 24 flow flow NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 290 25 cytometry cytometry NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 290 26 . . . cord-345088-krb1eidw 291 1 Two two CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 291 2 amino amino NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 291 3 acid acid NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 291 4 changes change NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 291 5 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 291 6 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 291 7 N n CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 291 8 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 291 9 terminus terminus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 291 10 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 291 11 transmissible transmissible JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 291 12 gastroenteritis gastroenteritis JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 291 13 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 291 14 spike spike NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 291 15 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 291 16 result result NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 291 17 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 291 18 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 291 19 loss loss NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 291 20 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 291 21 enteric enteric JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 291 22 tropism tropism NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 291 23 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 291 24 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 291 25 induced induce VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 291 26 membrane membrane NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 291 27 fusion fusion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 292 1 requires require VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 292 2 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 292 3 cysteine cysteine NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 292 4 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 292 5 rich rich JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 292 6 domain domain NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 292 7 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 292 8 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 292 9 spike spike NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 292 10 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 292 11 Evidence evidence NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 292 12 for for IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 292 13 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 292 14 coiled coil VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 292 15 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 292 16 coil coil NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 292 17 structure structure NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 292 18 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 292 19 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 292 20 spike spike NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 292 21 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 292 22 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 292 23 Mapping mapping NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 292 24 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 292 25 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 292 26 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 292 27 membrane membrane NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 292 28 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 292 29 domains domain NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 292 30 involved involve VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 292 31 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 292 32 interaction interaction NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 292 33 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 292 34 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 292 35 spike spike NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 292 36 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 292 37 Identification identification NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 292 38 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 292 39 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 292 40 novel novel JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 292 41 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 292 42 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 292 43 patients patient NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 292 44 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 292 45 severe severe JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 292 46 acute acute JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 292 47 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 292 48 syndrome syndrome NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 292 49 Aetiology aetiology NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 292 50 : : : cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 1 Koch Koch NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 2 's 's POS cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 3 postulates postulate NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 4 fulfilled fulfil VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 5 for for IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 6 SARS SARS NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 7 virus virus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 8 Proteolytic proteolytic JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 9 cleavage cleavage NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 10 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 11 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 12 E2 E2 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 13 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 14 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 15 murine murine JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 16 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 17 : : : cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 18 host host NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 19 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 20 dependent dependent JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 21 differences difference NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 22 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 23 proteolytic proteolytic JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 24 cleavage cleavage NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 25 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 26 cell cell NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 27 fusion fusion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 28 Alteration alteration NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 29 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 30 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 31 pH pH NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 32 dependence dependence NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 33 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 34 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 35 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 36 induced induce VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 37 cell cell NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 38 fusion fusion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 39 : : : cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 40 effect effect NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 41 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 42 mutations mutation NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 43 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 44 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 45 spike spike NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 46 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 47 Cell cell NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 48 receptor receptor NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 49 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 50 independent independent JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 51 infection infection NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 52 by by IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 53 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 54 neurotropic neurotropic NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 55 murine murine JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 56 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 57 Major major JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 58 receptorbinding receptorbinding NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 59 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 60 neutralization neutralization NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 61 determinants determinant NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 62 are be VBP cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 63 located locate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 64 within within IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 65 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 66 same same JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 67 domain domain NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 68 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 69 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 70 transmissible transmissible JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 71 gastroenteritis gastroenteritis NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 72 virus virus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 73 ( ( -LRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 74 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 75 ) ) -RRB- cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 76 spike spike NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 77 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 78 Folding folding NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 79 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 80 VSV VSV NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 81 G G NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 82 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 83 : : : cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 84 sequential sequential JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 85 interaction interaction NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 86 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 87 BiP BiP NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 88 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 89 calnexin calnexin NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 90 Calnexin Calnexin NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 91 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 92 calreticulin calreticulin NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 93 promote promote VBP cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 94 folding folding NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 95 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 96 delay delay VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 97 oligomerization oligomerization NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 98 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 99 suppress suppress VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 100 degradation degradation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 101 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 102 influenza influenza NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 103 hemagglutinin hemagglutinin NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 104 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 293 105 microsomes microsome NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 1 Tunicamycin Tunicamycin NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 2 resistant resistant JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 3 glycosylation glycosylation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 4 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 5 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 6 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 7 : : : cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 8 demonstration demonstration NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 9 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 10 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 11 novel novel JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 12 type type NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 13 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 14 viral viral JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 15 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 16 Characterization characterization NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 17 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 18 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 19 budding bud VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 20 compartment compartment NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 21 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 22 mouse mouse NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 23 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 24 virus virus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 25 : : : cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 26 evidence evidence NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 27 that that DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 28 transport transport NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 29 from from IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 30 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 31 RER RER NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 32 to to IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 33 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 34 Golgi Golgi NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 35 complex complex NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 36 requires require VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 37 only only RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 38 one one CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 39 vesicular vesicular JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 40 transport transport NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 41 step step NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 42 Variations variation NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 43 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 44 disparate disparate JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 45 regions region NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 46 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 47 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 48 murine murine JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 49 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 50 spike spike NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 51 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 52 impact impact VBP cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 53 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 54 initiation initiation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 55 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 56 membrane membrane NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 57 fusion fusion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 58 Localization localization NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 59 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 60 neutralizing neutralize VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 61 epitopes epitope NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 62 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 63 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 64 receptor receptor NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 65 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 66 binding bind VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 67 site site NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 68 within within IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 69 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 70 amino amino NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 71 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 72 terminal terminal NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 73 330 330 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 74 amino amino NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 75 acids acid NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 76 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 77 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 78 murine murine JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 79 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 80 spike spike NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 81 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 82 Retargeting retargeting NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 83 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 84 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 85 by by IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 86 substitution substitution NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 87 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 88 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 89 spike spike NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 90 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 91 ectodomain ectodomain NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 92 : : : cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 93 crossing cross VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 94 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 95 host host NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 96 cell cell NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 97 species specie NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 294 98 barrier barrier NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 295 1 The the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 295 2 molecular molecular JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 295 3 biology biology NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 295 4 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 295 5 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 295 6 Altered alter VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 1 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 2 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 3 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 4 mutant mutant NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 5 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 6 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 7 murine murine JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 8 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 9 MHV MHV NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 10 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 11 A59 A59 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 12 is be VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 13 associated associate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 14 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 15 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 16 Q159L Q159L NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 17 amino amino NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 18 acid acid NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 19 substitution substitution NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 20 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 21 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 22 spike spike NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 23 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 24 Association Association NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 25 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 26 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 27 infectious infectious JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 28 bronchitis bronchitis NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 29 virus virus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 30 3c 3c NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 31 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 32 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 33 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 34 virion virion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 35 envelope envelope NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 36 Proteolytic proteolytic JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 37 mapping mapping NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 38 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 39 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 40 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 41 infectious infectious JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 42 virus virus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 43 1b 1b CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 44 polyprotein polyprotein NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 45 : : : cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 46 evidence evidence NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 47 for for IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 48 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 49 presence presence NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 50 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 51 four four CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 52 cleavage cleavage NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 53 sites site NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 54 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 55 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 56 3C 3c NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 57 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 58 like like JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 59 proteinase proteinase NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 60 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 61 identification identification NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 62 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 63 two two CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 64 novel novel JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 65 cleavage cleavage NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 66 products product NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 67 Roles role NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 68 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 69 cell cell NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 70 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 71 to to IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 72 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 73 cell cell NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 74 fusion fusion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 75 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 76 two two CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 77 conserved conserved JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 78 hydrophobic hydrophobic JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 79 regions region NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 80 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 81 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 82 murine murine JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 83 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 84 spike spike NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 85 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 86 Amino amino NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 87 acid acid NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 88 substitutions substitution NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 89 within within IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 90 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 91 leucine leucine NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 92 zipper zipper NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 93 domain domain NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 94 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 95 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 96 murine murine JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 97 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 98 spike spike NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 99 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 100 cause cause VBP cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 101 defects defect NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 102 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 103 oligomerization oligomerization NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 104 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 105 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 106 ability ability NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 107 to to TO cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 108 induce induce VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 109 cell cell NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 110 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 111 tocell tocell NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 112 fusion fusion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 113 Characterization characterization NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 114 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 115 two two CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 116 temperature temperature NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 117 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 118 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 119 mutants mutant NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 120 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 121 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 122 mouse mouse NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 123 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 124 virus virus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 125 strain strain VBP cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 126 A59 A59 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 127 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 128 maturation maturation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 129 defects defect NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 130 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 131 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 132 spike spike NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 133 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 134 Spike Spike NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 135 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 136 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 137 mediated mediate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 138 fusion fusion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 139 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 140 biliary biliary JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 141 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 142 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 143 independent independent JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 144 cell cell NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 145 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 146 associated associate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 147 spread spread NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 148 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 149 mouse mouse NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 150 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 151 virus virus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 296 152 infection infection NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 297 1 Murine murine JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 297 2 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 297 3 spike spike NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 297 4 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 297 5 determines determine VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 297 6 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 297 7 ability ability NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 297 8 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 297 9 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 297 10 virus virus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 297 11 to to TO cord-345088-krb1eidw 297 12 replicate replicate VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 297 13 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 297 14 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 297 15 liver liver NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 297 16 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 297 17 cause cause VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 297 18 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 297 19 Disulfide Disulfide NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 297 20 bonds bond NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 297 21 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 297 22 folding folding NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 297 23 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 297 24 transport transport NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 297 25 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 297 26 mouse mouse NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 297 27 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 297 28 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 297 29 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 297 30 Envelope Envelope NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 297 31 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 297 32 interactions interaction NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 297 33 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 297 34 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 297 35 assembly assembly NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 1 A a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 2 conditional conditional JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 3 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 4 lethal lethal JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 5 murine murine JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 6 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 7 mutant mutant NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 8 that that WDT cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 9 fails fail VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 10 to to TO cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 11 incorporate incorporate VB cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 12 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 13 spike spike NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 14 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 15 into into IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 16 assembled assemble VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 17 virions virion NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 18 Evolution Evolution NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 19 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 20 mouse mouse NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 21 hepatitis hepatitis NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 22 virus virus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 23 : : : cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 24 detection detection NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 25 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 26 characterization characterization NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 27 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 28 spike spike NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 29 deletion deletion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 30 variants variant NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 31 during during IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 32 persistent persistent JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 33 infection infection NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 34 Generation generation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 35 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 36 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 37 spike spike NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 38 deletion deletion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 39 variants variant NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 40 by by IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 41 high high JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 42 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 43 frequency frequency NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 44 recombination recombination NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 45 at at IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 46 regions region NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 47 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 48 predicted predict VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 49 RNA RNA NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 50 secondary secondary JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 51 structure structure NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 52 Identification identification NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 53 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 54 spike spike NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 55 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 56 residues residue NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 57 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 58 murine murine JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 59 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 60 responsible responsible JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 61 for for IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 62 receptor receptor NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 63 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 64 binding bind VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 65 activity activity NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 66 by by IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 67 use use NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 68 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 69 soluble soluble JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 70 receptor receptor NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 71 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 72 resistant resistant JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 73 mutants mutant NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 74 Determination determination NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 75 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 76 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 77 complete complete JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 78 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 79 sequence sequence NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 80 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 81 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 82 vaccine vaccine NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 83 strain strain NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 84 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 85 porcine porcine JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 86 reproductive reproductive JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 87 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 88 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 89 syndrome syndrome NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 90 virus virus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 91 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 92 identification identification NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 93 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 94 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 95 NSP2 NSP2 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 96 gene gene NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 97 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 98 an an DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 99 unique unique JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 100 insertion insertion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 101 Emergence emergence NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 102 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 103 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 104 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 105 infectious infectious JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 106 bronchitis bronchitis NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 107 virus virus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 108 mutant mutant JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 109 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 110 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 111 truncated truncated JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 112 3b 3b CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 113 gene gene NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 114 : : : cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 115 functional functional JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 116 characterization characterization NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 117 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 118 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 119 3b 3b NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 120 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 121 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 122 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 123 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 124 replication replication NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 125 Rearrangement rearrangement NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 126 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 127 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 128 VP6 VP6 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 129 gene gene NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 130 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 131 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 132 group group NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 133 A a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 134 rotavirus rotavirus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 135 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 136 combination combination NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 137 with with IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 138 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 139 point point NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 140 mutation mutation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 141 affecting affect VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 142 trimer trimer NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 143 stability stability NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 144 Sequence sequence NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 145 analysis analysis NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 146 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 147 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 148 vitro vitro FW cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 149 expression expression NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 150 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 151 genes gene NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 152 6 6 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 153 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 154 11 11 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 155 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 156 an an DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 157 ovine ovine JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 158 group group NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 159 B B NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 160 rotavirus rotavirus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 161 isolate isolate NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 162 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 163 KB63 KB63 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 164 : : : cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 165 evidence evidence NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 166 for for IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 167 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 168 non non JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 169 - - JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 170 defective defective JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 171 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 172 C c NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 173 - - , cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 174 terminally terminally RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 175 truncated truncate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 176 NSP1 NSP1 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 177 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 178 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 179 phosphorylated phosphorylate VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 180 NSP5 NSP5 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 181 Proteolytic Proteolytic NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 182 cleavage cleavage NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 183 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 184 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 185 E2 E2 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 186 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 187 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 188 murine murine JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 189 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 190 : : : cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 191 activation activation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 192 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 193 cell cell NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 194 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 195 fusing fuse VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 196 activity activity NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 197 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 198 virions virion NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 199 by by IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 200 trypsin trypsin NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 201 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 202 separation separation NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 298 203 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 299 1 two two CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 299 2 different different JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 299 3 90 90 CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 299 4 K k NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 299 5 cleavage cleavage NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 299 6 fragments fragment NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 299 7 Analysis analysis NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 299 8 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 299 9 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 299 10 receptor receptor NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 299 11 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 299 12 binding bind VBG cord-345088-krb1eidw 299 13 site site NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 299 14 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 299 15 murine murine JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 299 16 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 299 17 spike spike NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 299 18 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 299 19 Interactions interaction NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 299 20 between between IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 299 21 newly newly RB cord-345088-krb1eidw 299 22 synthesized synthesize VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 299 23 glycoproteins glycoprotein NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 299 24 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 299 25 calnexin calnexin NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 299 26 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 299 27 a a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 299 28 network network NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 299 29 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 299 30 resident resident JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 299 31 chaperones chaperone NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 299 32 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 299 33 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 299 34 endoplasmic endoplasmic NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 299 35 reticulum reticulum NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 299 36 Replication replication NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 299 37 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 299 38 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 299 39 MHV mhv NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 299 40 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 299 41 A59 A59 NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 299 42 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 299 43 sac sac NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 299 44 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 299 45 cells cell NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 299 46 : : : cord-345088-krb1eidw 299 47 determination determination NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 299 48 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 299 49 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 299 50 first first JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 299 51 site site NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 299 52 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 299 53 budding budding NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 299 54 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 299 55 progeny progeny JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 299 56 virions virion NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 300 1 A a DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 300 2 12-amino 12-amino CD cord-345088-krb1eidw 300 3 acid acid NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 300 4 stretch stretch NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 300 5 in in IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 300 6 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 300 7 hypervariable hypervariable JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 300 8 region region NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 300 9 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 300 10 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 300 11 spike spike NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 300 12 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 300 13 S1 s1 NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 300 14 subunit subunit NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 300 15 is be VBZ cord-345088-krb1eidw 300 16 critical critical JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 300 17 for for IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 300 18 cell cell NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 300 19 fusion fusion NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 300 20 activity activity NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 300 21 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 300 22 mouse mouse NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 300 23 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 300 24 virus virus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 300 25 Nucleocapsid Nucleocapsid NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 300 26 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 300 27 independent independent JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 300 28 assembly assembly NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 300 29 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 300 30 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 300 31 - - HYPH cord-345088-krb1eidw 300 32 like like JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 300 33 particles particle NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 300 34 by by IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 300 35 co co NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 300 36 - - NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 300 37 expression expression NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 300 38 of of IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 300 39 viral viral JJ cord-345088-krb1eidw 300 40 envelope envelope NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 300 41 protein protein NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 300 42 genes gene NNS cord-345088-krb1eidw 301 1 This this DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 301 2 work work NN cord-345088-krb1eidw 301 3 was be VBD cord-345088-krb1eidw 301 4 supported support VBN cord-345088-krb1eidw 301 5 by by IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 301 6 the the DT cord-345088-krb1eidw 301 7 Biomedical Biomedical NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 301 8 Research Research NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 301 9 Council Council NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 301 10 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 301 11 Agency Agency NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 301 12 for for IN cord-345088-krb1eidw 301 13 Science Science NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 301 14 Technology Technology NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 301 15 and and CC cord-345088-krb1eidw 301 16 Research Research NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 301 17 , , , cord-345088-krb1eidw 301 18 Singapore Singapore NNP cord-345088-krb1eidw 301 19 . . .