id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentences	flesch	summary	cache	txt
cord-259044-mubjm22l	Weng, Jing-Ru	Antiviral activity of Sambucus FormosanaNakai ethanol extract and related phenolic acid constituents against human coronavirus NL63	2019-09-24		.txt	text/plain	5580	304	51	The study indicated the inhibitory activity of Sambucus FormosanaNakai extract and its phenolic acid constituents on HCoV-NL63 induced cytopathic effect, virus yield, and the early stage of HCoV-NL63 replication in concentration-dependent and cell-type independent manners. LLC-MK2 cells (3 × 10 4 cells/well) were cultured in the 96-well plates overnight, quintuplicate treated with Sambucus Formosana Nakai stem ethanol extract or its phenolic acid constituents (caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and gallic acid) for 2 days, and then incubated with 0.5 mg/ml 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) for additional 4 h. For minimizing the antiviral effect of indicated agents in the cells, 100 μl (near 200 pfu HCoV-NL63) of the 10000-fold dilution from the mixtures of virus and the extract or phenolic acids was added to the MK2 cell monolayer in the 6-well plate to determining the residual viral infectivity using the plaque assay described above. To examine the antiviral mechanism of caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid against HCoV-NL63, the assays of plaque formation, virucidal activity and virus attachment were subsequently performed (Fig. 5 , Table 1 ).	./cache/cord-259044-mubjm22l.txt	./txt/cord-259044-mubjm22l.txt