id author title date pages extension mime words sentences flesch summary cache txt en-wikipedia-org-4050 Philosophy of mathematics - Wikipedia .html text/html 11148 1071 50 Surprising and counter-intuitive developments in formal logic and set theory early in the 20th century led to new questions concerning what was traditionally called the foundations of mathematics. Set-theoretic realism (also set-theoretic Platonism)[11] a position defended by Penelope Maddy, is the view that set theory is about a single universe of sets.[12] This position (which is also known as naturalized Platonism because it is a naturalized version of mathematical Platonism) has been criticized by Mark Balaguer on the basis of Paul Benacerraf's epistemological problem.[13] A similar view, termed Platonized naturalism, was later defended by the Stanford–Edmonton School: according to this view, a more traditional kind of Platonism is consistent with naturalism; the more traditional kind of Platonism they defend is distinguished by general principles that assert the existence of abstract objects.[14] ./cache/en-wikipedia-org-4050.html ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-4050.txt