id author title date pages extension mime words sentences flesch summary cache txt en-wikipedia-org-5936 Habilitation - Wikipedia .html text/html 4104 318 47 The level of scholarship of a habilitation is considerably higher than for a doctoral dissertation in the same academic tradition in terms of quality and quantity, and must be accomplished independently, without direction or guidance of a faculty supervisor.[5][6] In the sciences, publication of numerous (sometimes ten or more)[7] research articles is required during the habilitation period of about four to ten years. Livre-docĂȘncia is a title (similar to Habilitation in Germany) granted to holders of doctorate degrees upon submission of a cumulative thesis followed by a viva voce examination. The habilitation is thus a qualification at a higher level than the German doctoral degree awarded during Promotion. Since 2006, in some federal states of Germany, there have been new restrictions by the federal laws regarding the degree of the doctoral thesis which allow only excellent candidates to enter the process of Habilitation. ./cache/en-wikipedia-org-5936.html ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-5936.txt