Said Nursî - Wikipedia Said Nursî From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search "Nursi" redirects here. For Estonian village, see Nursi, Estonia. Said-i Nursi Üstad Bediüzzaman Said Nursi Personal Born 1877[1] Nurs,[2][3] Bitlis Vilayet, Ottoman Empire Died 23 March 1960 (aged 82–83)[6] Urfa, Turkey Religion Islam Ethnicity Kurdish Era 19th–20th century[4] Region Kurdistan Denomination Sunni Jurisprudence Shafi`i Creed Ash'ari[5] Main interest(s) Theology,[7] Tafsir,[7] Revival of Faith[8] Notable work(s) Risale-i Nur The Words (Turkish: Sözler)[9] The Letters (Turkish: Mektûbat)[10] The Flashes (Turkish: Lem'alar)[11] The Rays (Turkish: Şuâlar)[12] Signs of Miraculousness (Turkish: İşârât-ül İ'caz)[13] The Staff of Moses (Turkish: Asa-yı Musa)[14] Muslim leader Influenced by Imam Ali, Abdul-Qadir Gilani,[15] Al-Ghazali,[15] Rumi[15] Ahmad Sirhindi,[16] Ash'ari, Ahmad Khani Influenced Fethullah Gülen,[17] Mohamed Said Ramadan Al-Bouti,[7] Adnan Oktar Said Nursi (Ottoman Turkish: سعيد نورسی‎, Kurdish: Seîdê Nursî ,سەعید نوورسی‎[18][19]‎; 1877[1] – 23 March 1960), also spelled Said-i Nursî or Said-i Kurdî[20][21] and commonly known with the honorific Bediüzzaman (meaning "wonder of the age"), or simply Üstad (meaning "master")[22] was a Kurdish Sunni Muslim theologian who wrote the Risale-i Nur Collection, a body of Qur'anic commentary exceeding six thousand pages.[23][24] Believing that modern science and logic was the way of the future, he advocated teaching religious sciences in secular schools and modern sciences in religious schools.[23][24][25] Nursi inspired a religious movement[26][27] that has played a vital role in the revival of Islam in Turkey and now numbers several millions of followers worldwide.[28][29] His followers, often known as the "Nurcu movement" or the "Nur cemaati".[30] Part of a series on Islam Sufism Ideas Abdal Al-Insān al-Kāmil Baqaa Dervish Dhawq Fakir Fanaa Haal Haqiqa Ihsan Irfan Ishq Karamat Kashf Lataif Manzil Ma'rifa Nafs Nūr Qalandar Qutb Silsila Sufi cosmology Sufi metaphysics Sufi philosophy Sufi poetry Sufi psychology Salik Tazkiah Wali Yaqeen Practices Anasheed Dhikr Haḍra Muraqabah Qawwali Sama Whirling Ziyarat Sufi orders Sunni Rifa`i Qadiri Shadhili Naqshbandi Chishti Suhrawardi Khalwati Badawi Desuqi Ba 'Alawi Tijani Darqawi Idrisi Senusi Bayrami Jelveti Maizbhandari Malamati Mouridi Sülaymaniyya Salihiyya Azeemia Shi'a Alians Bektashi Hurufi Ni'matullāhī Nuqtavi Qalandari Safavi Non-denominational Akbari Kubrawi Ashrafia Fultali Galibi Haqqani Anjuman Issawiyya Jerrahi Madari Meivazhi Mevlevi Noorbakshia Shattari Uwaisi Zahedi Zikris List of sufis Notable early Notable modern Singers Topics in Sufism Tawhid Sharia Tariqa Haqiqa Ma'rifa Art History Music Persecution Shrines  Islam portal v t e He was able to recite many books from memory. For instance: "So then he [Molla Fethullah] decided to test his memory and handed him a copy of the work by Al-Hariri of Basra (1054–1122) — also famous for his intelligence and power of memory — called Maqamat al-Hariri. Said read one page once, memorized it, then repeated it by heart. Molla Fethullah expressed his amazement."[31] Contents 1 Early life 2 Distribution of works and movement 3 Later life 4 See also 5 References 6 Sources 7 Further reading 8 External links Early life[edit] Said Nursi was born in the Kurdish village of Nurs near Hizan in the Bitlis Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire, in Kurdistan.[32] He received his early education from scholars of his hometown, where he showed mastery in theological debates. After developing a reputation for Islamic knowledge, he was nicknamed "Bediuzzaman", meaning "The most unique and superior person of the time". He was invited by the governor of the Vilayet of Van to stay within his residency.[33] In the library of the governor, Nursi gained access to an archive of scientific knowledge he had not had access to previously. Said Nursi also learned the Ottoman Turkish language there. During this time, he developed a plan for university education for the Eastern provinces of the Ottoman Empire.[34] By combining scientific and religious (Islamic) education, the university was expected to advance the philosophical thoughts of these regions. However, he was put on trial in 1909 for his apparent involvement in the Ottoman countercoup of 1909 against the liberal reform movement named the Committee of Union and Progress, but he was acquitted and released.[35] He was active during the late Ottoman Caliphate as an educational reformer and advocate of the unity of the peoples of the Caliphate. He proposed educational reforms to the Ottoman Sultan Abdul Hamid aiming to put the traditional Madrasah (seminary) training, Sufism (tasawwuf) and the modern sciences in dialogue with each other.[7][36] During World War I, Nursî was a member of the Ottoman Empire's "Special Organization".[37] In January 1916 he was captured by Russian forces and taken to Russia as a prisoner of war, where he spent over 2 years. He escaped in the spring of 1918 and made his way to Istanbul.[36][38] His return was welcomed and he was chosen to be a member of Dar-al Hikmat al-Islamiye, an Islamic academy seeking solutions for the Islamic world’s growing problems.[39] Nursi was a worrying-enough influence for the incipient leader of the Turkish Republic, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk,[40] to deem it necessary to seek to control him by offering him the position of ‘Minister of Religious Affairs’ for the eastern provinces of Turkey, a post that Nursi famously refused.[41][42] This was the beginning of his split from the Kemalist circle. Conversely, the secular government in the Republic of Turkey would later stigmatize his attempts to renew traditional faith. Modernization of intellectual culture in Anatolia thusly bifurcated along two approaches: assimilation of occidental understanding; and functionalization of extant liturgics. Nursi was the major contributor to the latter approach, and his early life as a memorization savant enabled him to use scripture for teaching with mnemonic metaphor. Friction between the two spheres of thought led to breakdowns of civility and the eventual reclusion of Nursi. After arriving in Istanbul, Said Nursi declared: "I shall prove and demonstrate to the world that the Quran is an undying, inexhaustible Sun by updating it to meet modern life requirements!", setting out to write his comprehensive Risale-i Nur, a collection of Said Nursi's own commentaries and interpretations of the Quran and Islam, as well as writings about his own life.[43] Distribution of works and movement[edit] Said Nursi was exiled to the Isparta Province for, amongst other things, performing the call to prayer in the Arabic language.[44] After his teachings attracted people in the area, the governor of Isparta sent him to a village named Barla[45] where he wrote two-thirds of his Risale-i Nur.[46] These manuscripts were sent to Sav, another village in the region, where people duplicated them in Arabic script (which was officially replaced by the modern Turkish alphabet in 1928).[44][46] After being finished, these books were sent to Nursi's disciples all over Turkey via the "Nurcu postal system".[47] Nursi repeatedly stated that all the persecutions and hardships inflicted on him by the secularist regime were God's blessings and that having destroyed the formal religious establishment, they had unwittingly left popular Islam as the only authentic faith of the Turks.[46] Besides these writings themselves, a major factor in the success of the movement may be attributed to the very method Nursi had chosen, which may be summarized with two phrases: 'mânevî jihad,' that is, 'jihad of the word' or 'non-physical jihad', and 'positive action.'[48][49] Nursi considered materialism and atheism and their source materialist philosophy to be his true enemies in this age of science, reason, and civilization.[50] He combated them with reasoned proofs in the Risale-i Nur, considering the Risale-i Nur as the most effective barrier against the corruption of society caused by these enemies. In order to be able to pursue this 'jihad of the word,' Nursi insisted that his students avoided any use of force and disruptive action. Through 'positive action,' and the maintenance of public order and security, the supposed damage caused by the forces of unbelief could be 'repaired' by the 'healing' truths of the Quran. Said Nursi lived much of his life in prison and in exile, persecuted by the secularist state for having invested in religious revival.[51] Later life[edit] Alarmed by the growing popularity of Nursi's teachings, which had spread even among the intellectuals and the military officers, the government arrested him for allegedly violating laws mandating secularism and sent him to exile. He was acquitted of all these charges in 1956.[46] In the last decade of his life, Said Nursi settled in the city of Isparta. After the introduction of the multi-party system, he advised his followers to vote for the Democratic Party of Adnan Menderes, which had restored some religious freedom.[46] Said Nursi was a staunch anti-Communist, denouncing Communism as the greatest danger of the time. In 1956, he was allowed to have his writings printed. His books are collected under the name Risale-i Nur ("Letters of Divine Light"). He died of exhaustion after travelling to Urfa.[52] He was buried in a tomb opposite the cave where prophet Ibrahim (Abraham) is widely believed to have been born.[53][54] After the military coup d'état in Turkey in 1960, a group of soldiers led by the later right-wing politician Alparslan Türkeş opened his grave and buried him at an unknown place near Isparta during July 1960 in order to prevent popular veneration.[55][56] See also[edit] Islam portal Biography portal Kurdistan portal Turkey portal Free Man (film) God's Faithful Servant: Barla Muhammad Emin Er (1914-2013), one of Said Nursi's students Bediüzzaman Museum, a museum inside the Rüstem Pasha Medrese at Fatih, Istanbul Mustafa Sabri References[edit] ^ a b Sukran Vahide, Islam in Modern Turkey(Kurdistan): An Intellectual Biography of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi, p 3. ISBN 0791482979 ^ A documentary about his village Nurs (in Turkish) ^ Ian Markham, Globalization, Ethics and Islam: The Case of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi, Introduction, xvii ^ Islam in Modern Turkey, Sukran Vahide (Suny Press, 2005) ^ Ozgur, Koca. Said Nursi's Synthesis of Ash'arite Occasionalism and Ibn 'Arabi's Metaphysical Cosmology: "Diagonal Occasionalism," Modern Science", and "Free Will". UMI Dissertations Publishing. p. 217. ISBN 9781303619793. ^ Ian Markham, Engaging with Bediuzzaman Said Nursi: A Model of Interfaith Dialogue, p 4. ISBN 0754669319 ^ a b c d Gerhard Böwering, Patricia Crone, Mahan Mirza, The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought, p482 ^ Robert W. Hefner, Shari?a Politics: Islamic Law and Society in the Modern World, p 170. ISBN 0253223105 ^ [1] ^ [Nursi, Said. The Gleams: Reflections on Qur'anic Wisdom and Spirituality. Tughra Books, 2008.] ^ [Nursi, Said. "Lemalar (The Flashes)." Istanbul: Sozler (Originally work published 1932) (2004). ^ [Nursi, Said. The Rays: reflections on Islamic belief, thought, worship, and action. Tughra Books, 2010.] ^ [Nursi, Said, and Şükran Vahide. Signs of Miraculousness: The Inimitability of the Qurʼan's Conciseness. Sözler Publications, 2007.] ^ [Nursi, Bediuzzaman Said. The Staff of Moses. Işık Yayıncılık Ticaret, 2015.] ^ a b c David Livingstone, Black Terror White Soldiers: Islam, Fascism and the New Age, p. 568. ISBN 1481226509 ^ M. Hakan Yavuz, John L. Esposito, Turkish Islam and the Secular State: The Gülen Movement, p. 6 ^ Juan Eduardo Campo, Encyclopedia of Islam, p 268. ISBN 1438126964 ^ پەیامی حەشر سەعید نوورسی (in Kurdish). Retrieved 21 December 2019. ^ "Seîdê Kurdî ji ber piştgiriya Şêx Seîd hatiye sirgunkirin". Rûdaw. Retrieved 21 December 2019. ^ Janet Klein (2011). The Margins of Empire: Kurdish Militias in the Ottoman Tribal Zone. pp. 106 & 116. ^ Şükran Vahide (2019). Bediuzzaman Said Nursi: Author of the Risale-i Nur. The Other Press. p. 195. ^ From Said Nursi's Life: Birth and Early Childhood ^ a b Gerhard Böwering, Patricia Crone, Mahan Mirza, The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought, p. 482. ISBN 0691134847 ^ a b Ian S. Markham; Suendam Birinci; Suendam Birinci Pirim (2011). An Introduction to Said Nursi: Life, Thought and Writings. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd, p 194. ISBN 978-1-4094-0770-6. ^ Said Nursi, Munazarat, p. 86 "The religious sciences are the light of the conscience; the modern sciences are the light of the mind; only on the combining of the two does the truth emerge. The students’ aspiration will take flight with those two wings. When they are parted, it gives rise to bigotry in the one, and skepticism and trickery in the other." ^ Omer Taspinar, Kurdish Nationalism and Political Islam in Turkey: Kemalist Identity in Transition (Middle East Studies: History, Politics & Law), p. 228. ISBN 041594998X ^ Serif Mardin, Religion and Social Change in Modern Turkey: The Case of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi, p. 23. ISBN 0887069967 ^ Sukran Vahide, Islam in Modern Turkey: An Intellectual Biography of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi, p. 425. ISBN 0791482979 ^ An article from First Things Archived 7 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine ^ Balci, Bayram (June 2003). "Fethullah Gu¨len's Missionary Schools in Central Asia and their Role in the Spreading of Turkism and Islam". Religion, State and Society. 31 (2): 153. doi:10.1080/09637490308283. S2CID 145455130. ^ Şükran Vahide. (2005). Islam in Modern Turkey. State University of New York Press, ISBN 0-7914-6515-2 ^ Vahide, Sükran (2005). Islam in modern Turkey: an intellectual biography of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi. SUNY Press. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-7914-6515-8. They [Said Nursî's parents] were among the settled Kurdish population of the geographical region the Ottomans called Kurdistan. ^ Vahide, Şükran (2011). Bediuzzaman Said Nusri. Islamic Book Trust. p. 28. ISBN 978-967-5062-86-5. ^ Abu-Rabi, Ibrahim M. (2003). Islam at the crossroads: on the life and thought of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi. SUNY Press. p. xvii. ISBN 978-0-7914-5700-9. ^ David Livingstone, Black Terror White Soldiers: Islam, Fascism and the New Age, p. 568-569. ISBN 1481226509 ^ a b David Tittensor, The House of Service: The Gulen Movement and Islam's Third Way, p 35. ISBN 0199336415 ^ Hakan Özoglu, Osmanli Devleti ve Kürt Milliyetçiligi, Kitap Yayinevi Ltd., 2005, ISBN 978-975-6051-02-3, p. 146. ^ Andrew Rippin and Zeki Saritoprak, The Islamic World, Chapter 33, p. 398 ^ Ian S. Markham; Suendam Birinci; Suendam Birinci Pirim (2011). An Introduction to Said Nursi: Life, Thought and Writings. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 46. ISBN 978-1-4094-0770-6. ^ David Tittensor, The House of Service: The Gulen Movement and Islam's Third Way, p 37. ISBN 0199336415 ^ David Livingstone, Black Terror White Soldiers: Islam, Fascism and the New Age, p. 569. ISBN 1481226509 ^ Vahide, Sükran (2005). Islam in modern Turkey: an intellectual biography of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi. SUNY Press. He offered Nursi Shaikh Sanusi’s post as ‘general preacher’ in the Eastern Provinces with a salary of 300 liras, a deputyship in the Assembly, and a post equivalent to that he had held in the Darü’l-Hikmeti’l-Islamiye, together with various perks such as a residence. Part 1;Childhood and Early Life,chapter 8 ^ "Said Nursi'nin Yeşilay'ın kurucusu olduğu doğru mudur? Bu teşkilatın Kurtuluş Savaşı ile hiçbir ilgisinin olmadığı söylenmektedir. Buna ne dersiniz? | Bediüzzaman Said Nursî". ^ a b David McDowall (14 May 2004). A Modern History of the Kurds: Third Edition. I.B.Tauris. pp. 210–211. ISBN 978-1-85043-416-0. ^ Sükran Vahide, Bediuzzaman Said Nursi, p. 230. ISBN 967506286X ^ a b c d e Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P.; Lecomte, G. (1995). Encyclopaedia of Islam. Volume VIII (Ned-Sam) (New ed.). Leiden, Netherlands: Brill. p. 144. ISBN 978-9004098343. ^ Awang, Ramli; Yusoff, Kamaruzaman; Ebrahimi, Mansoureh; Yilmaz, Omer (2015). "A Challenge from Teaching to Social Movement: Bediüzzaman Said Nursi's Struggles for Modification in Turkey". Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences. 6 (6): 446. doi:10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n6s1p444. ^ Ian S. Markham, Engaging with Bediuzzaman Said Nursi: A Model of Interfaith Dialogue, p 15 [Quoting Sukrane Vahide, The Biography of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi: the author of the Risale-i Nur (Istanbul, Sozler Publications 1992), p. 352]. ISBN 0754669319 ^ Arvind Sharma, The World's Religions After September 11. p 92. ISBN 0275996212 ^ Ian S. Markham, Suendam Birinci, Suendam Birinci Pirim, An Introduction to Said Nursi: Life, Thought and Writings. p 46. ISBN 1409407713 ^ Gerhard Böwering, Patricia Crone, Mahan Mirza, The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought, p. 482. ^ Ibrahim M. Abu-Rabi, Islam at the Crossroads: On the Life and Thought of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi, p. xxiv. ISBN 0791457001 ^ Ibrahim M. Abu-Rabi, Islam at the Crossroads: On the Life and Thought of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi, p. xxiii. ISBN 0791457001 ^ Ian S. Markham; Suendam Birinci; Suendam Birinci Pirim (2011). An Introduction to Said Nursi: Life, Thought and Writings. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd, p 17. ISBN 978-1-4094-0770-6. ^ Nursi's Letters Found in Yassiada Archives Archived 5 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Zaman ^ Yes to 27 May No to 28th (in Turkish), Turkish Newspaper Yeni Şafak, 16 August 2003, last accessed 17 June 2014 Sources[edit] Camilla T. Nereid (1997). In the Light of Said Nursi: Turkish Nationalism and the Religious Alternative. Centre for Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies, University of Bergen. ISBN 978-1-85065-309-7. Sahiner, Necmettin, Son Sahitler 3, Nesil Yayinlari, 2004. Sukran Vahide (16 February 2012). Islam in Modern Turkey: An Intellectual Biography of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi. SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-8297-1. Ian S. Markham; Suendam Birinci; Suendam Birinci Pirim (2011). An Introduction to Said Nursi: Life, Thought and Writings. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. ISBN 978-1-4094-0770-6. Further reading[edit] Angel Rabasa; F. Stephen Larrabee (17 June 2008). The Rise of Political Islam in Turkey. Rand Corporation. ISBN 978-0-8330-4531-7. Ibrahim M. Abu-Rabi‘ (9 April 2003). Islam at the Crossroads: On the Life and Thought of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi. SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-5700-9. Ibrahim M. Abu-Rabi‘ (24 July 2008). Spiritual Dimensions of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi's Risale-I Nur: The Supreme Court of Israel and the Occupied Territories. SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-7815-8. Fred A. Reed (1 January 1999). Anatolia Junction: A Journey Into Hidden Turkey. Talonbooks, Limited. ISBN 978-0-88922-426-1. Thomas F. Michel (2003). Reflections on Said Nursî's Views on Muslim-Christian Understanding. Söz Basim Yayin. ISBN 978-975-6438-02-2. Thomas F. Michel (2013). Insights from the Risale-i Nur: Said Nursi's Advice for Modern Believers Clifton, NJ: Tughra Books ISBN 978-1597846783 Serif Mardin (1989). Religion and Social Change in Modern Turkey: The Case of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi. SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-88706-996-3. Ibrahim Kalin; Oxford University Press (1 May 2010). Islam in Turkey: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-980651-5. Mustafa Gökhan Sahin, Said Nursi and the Nur Movement in Turkey: An Atomistic Approach [2] Colin Turner; Hasan Horkuc (15 June 2009). Said Nursi: Makers of Islamic Civilization. I. B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-84511-774-0. External links[edit] Media related to Said Nursi at Wikimedia Commons Biodata at MuslimScholars.info Bediuzzaman Said Nursi SaidNur.com A comprehensive page about Said Nursi and Risale-i Nur Collection in many languages Suffa Vakfi Said Nursi-based Organization. Risale-i Nur [3] A web page including Risale-i Nur Collection in various languages [4] A web page including Risale-i Nur Collection in English NursiStudies Academic Researches on Said Nursi [5] A letter about ban of Risale-i Nur Collection to President of Russia Medvedev [6] A short biography of Said Nursi Biography portal Islam portal Turkey portal v t e Shafi`i School by century (AH / AD) 2nd/8th Al-Shafi‘i (founder of the school) Al-Muzani 3rd/9th Al-Ash'ari Al-Humaydi Al-Nasai Fakr ad-Din Harith al-Muhasibi Ibn al-Mundhir Ibn Khuzaymah Ibn Majah Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj 4th/10th Abd al-Jabbar ibn Ahmad Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi Abu Nuaym Abu Talib al-Makki Al-Daraqutni Al-Hakim Nishapuri Ibn Furak Al-Lalika'i 5th/11th Ahmad Ghazali Al-Tha'labi Al-Baghawi Al-Bayhaqi Al-Juwayni Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi Al-Mawardi Al-Qushayri 6th/12th Ahmed al-Rifa`i Al-Ghazali Al-Shahrastani Fakhr al-Din al-Razi Ibn Abi'l-Dam Ibn al-Salah Ibn `Asakir Sayf al-Din al-Amidi Shahab al-Din Yahya ibn Habash Suhrawardi Abu Tahir as-Silafi 7th/13th Ahmad al-Badawi Al-Baydawi Al-Nawawi Ibn Abil-Hadid Ibn Daqiq al-Id Ibn Khallikan Izz al-Din ibn Abd al-Salam Safi-ad-din Ardabili Yusuf ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Mizzi Yusuf bin Ahmad al-Kawneyn 8th/14th Safi al-Din al-Hindi Ahmad ibn Naqib al-Misri Ali ibn Abu Bakr al-Haythami Al-Dhahabi Badr Ad-Din az-Zarkashi Ibn al-Jazari Ibn Kathir Taftazani Taj al-Din al-Subki Taqi al-Din al-Subki Zain al-Din al-Iraqi 9th/15th Al-Qastallani Al-Sakhawi Al-Mahalli Al-Suyuti Ali ibn Ahmad al-Samhudi Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani Ibn Nuhaas Zakariyya al-Ansari 10th/16th Al-Khaṭib ash-Shirbiniy Al-Sha`rani Ibn Hajar al-Haytami 11th/17th Abdullah ibn Alawi al-Haddad 13th/19th Ahmad Khatib al-Minangkabawi Ahmad Zayni Dahlan Abd Al-Rahman bin Ahmad al-Zayla`i Ibrahim al-Bajuri Shaykh Sufi Uways al-Barawi Yusuf al-Nabhani 14th/20th Abd al-Aziz Madani Abd al-Malik Karim Amrullah Abdallah al-Qutbi Abdullah al-Harari Afifi al-Akiti Ahmad Shafi'i Ma'arif Ahmed Kuftaro Ali al-Jifri Ali Gomaa Awn al-Qaddumi Cherussery Zainuddeen Musliyar Gibril Haddad Hashim Muzadi K. 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Juzayy (d. 741 AH) Khalil ibn Ishaq al-Jundi (d. 776 AH) Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi (d. 790 AH) Ibn 'Arafa (d. 803 AH) Ibn Khaldun (d. 808 AH) Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi (d. 876 AH) Ahmad Zarruq (d. 899 AH) Ahmad al-Wansharisi (d. 914 AH) Al-Akhdari (d. 953 AH) Al-Hattab (d. 954 AH) Ahmad Baba al-Timbukti (d. 1036 AH) Al-Maqqari al-Tilimsani (d. 1041 AH) Ibrahim al-Laqani (d. 1041 AH) Muhammad Mayyara (d. 1072 AH) Ibn 'Ashir (d. 1090 AH) Al-Hasan al-Yusi (d. 1102 AH) Muhammad al-Zurqani (d. 1122 AH) Ahmad al-Dardir (d. 1201 AH) M'Hamed al-Azhari (d. 1208 AH) Ahmad ibn 'Ajiba (d. 1224 AH) Ahmad al-Tijani (d. 1230 AH) Muhammad Arafa al-Desouki (d. 1230 AH) Muhammad ibn 'Ali al-Sanusi (d. 1276 AH) Muhammad 'Ilish (d. 1299 AH) Ahmad al-Ghumari (d. 1380 AH) Muhammad al-Tahir ibn 'Ashur (d. 1393 AH) Abdel-Halim Mahmoud (d. 1397 AH) Muhammad Metwalli al-Sha'rawi (d. 1419 AH) Muhammad 'Alawi al-Maliki (d. 1425 AH) Ahmad al-Tayyeb Hamza Yusuf Shafi'is Ibn Hibban (d. 354 AH) Ibn Khafif (d. 371 AH) Al-Hakim al-Nishapuri (d. 405 AH) Ibn Furak (d. 406 AH) Abu Ishaq al-Isfarayini (d. 418 AH) Al-Tha'labi (d. 427 AH) Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi (d. 429 AH) Abu Nu'aym al-Isfahani (d. 430 AH) Al-Bayhaqi (d. 458 AH) Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi (d. 463 AH) Al-Qushayri (d. 465 AH) Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi (d. 476 AH) Abd al-Qahir al-Jurjani (d. 471 AH) Al-Juwayni (d. 478 AH) Al-Raghib al-Isfahani (d. 502 AH) Al-Ghazali (d. 505 AH) Al-Baghawi (d. 516 AH) Al-Shahrastani (d. 548 AH) Ibn 'Asakir (d. 571 AH) Ahmad al-Rifa'i (d. 578 AH) Fakhr al-Din al-Razi (d. 606 AH) Ibn al-Salah (d. 643 AH) Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam (d. 660 AH) Al-Nawawi (d. 676 AH) Al-Baydawi (d. 685 AH) Ibn Daqiq al-'Id (d. 702 AH) Nizam al-Din al-Nisapuri (d. 728 AH) Jamal al-Din al-Mizzi (d. 742 AH) Taqi al-Din al-Subki (d. 756 AH) Al-Safadi (d. 764 AH) Taj al-Din al-Subki (d. 771 AH) Shams al-Din al-Kirmani (d. 786 AH) Al-Zarkashi (d. 794 AH) Zain al-Din al-'Iraqi (d. 806 AH) Nur al-Din al-Haythami (d. 807 AH) Ibn al-Jazari (d. 833 AH) Al-Maqrizi (d. 845 AH) Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani (d. 852 AH) Al-Sakhawi (d. 902 AH) Al-Suyuti (d. 911 AH) Nur al-Din al-Samhudi (d. 911 AH) Jalal al-Din al-Dawani (d. 918 AH) Al-Qastallani (d. 923 AH) Zakariyya al-Ansari (d. 926 AH) Al-Sha'rani (d. 973 AH) Ibn Hajar al-Haytami (d. 974 AH) Al-Khatib al-Shirbini (d. 977 AH) Al-Munawi (d. 1031 AH) 'Abdallah ibn 'Alawi al-Haddad (d. 1132 AH) Hasan al-Attar (d. 1230 AH) Ahmad Zayni Dahlan (d. 1304 AH) Bediuzzaman Said Nursi (d. 1379 AH) Noah al-Qudah (d. 1432 AH) 'Abdallah al-Harari (d. 1432 AH) Al-Bouti (d. 1434 AH) Ali Gomaa Ali al-Jifri Gibril Haddad Hanbalis Ibn 'Aqil (d. 508 AH) Ibn al-Jawzi (d. 534 AH) Al-Bahuti (d. 537 AH) Zahiris Ibn Tumart (d. 524 AH) Ibn Mada' (d. 592 AH) Abu Hayyan al-Andalusi (d. 745 AH) Ash'ari leaders Nizam al-Mulk (d. 485 AH) Yusuf ibn Tashfin (d. 500 AH) 'Abd al-Mu'min ibn 'Ali (d. 558 AH) Saladin (d. 589 AH) Abu Bakr ibn Ayyub (d. 615 AH) Al-Kamil (d. 635 AH) Al-Ashraf Musa (d. 635 AH) Qutuz (d. 658 AH) Al-Nasir ibn Qalawun (d. 741 AH) Emir Abdelkader al-Jazairi (d. 1300 AH) Omar al-Mukhtar (d. 1350 AH) 'Izz al-Din al-Qassam (d. 1354 AH) Ibn Abdelkarim al-Khattabi (d. 1382 AH) Al-Muwahhidun Ayyubid dynasty Mamluk Theology books Tabyin Kadhib al-Muftari Asas al-Taqdis Al-Baz al-Ashhab Al-Farq bayn al-Firaq Al-Milal wa al-Nihal Al-Irshad Al-Iqtisad fi al-I'tiqad Al-Sayf al-Saqil fi al-Radd ala Ibn Zafil See also 2016 international conference on Sunni Islam in Grozny Ahl al-Hadith Ahl al-Ra'y Kalam Tawhid Sufism Al-Ahbash Ash'ari-related templates Maturidi – Hanafi Maliki Shafi'i Islamic theology v t e Islamic theology Fields Theologians Books Fields Aqidah Eschatology Ethics Kalam Philosophy ‘Aql Education Logic Peace Science Astronomy Cosmology Physics Sufism Cosmology Metaphysics Philosophy Theologians Ash'ari (Al-Ash'ari) Al-Bayhaqi Al-Baqillani Al-Juwayni Al-Qushayri Al-Shahrastani Al-Ghazali Al-Taftazani Al-Maziri Ibn Furak Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani Zakariyya al-Ansari Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi Abu Ishaq al-Isfara'ini Ibn Aqil Ibn Tumart Abdul Qadir Gilani Abu al-Walid al-Baji Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi Ibn al-Jawzi Qadi Ayyad Ahmad al-Rifa'i Fakhr al-Din al-Razi Sayf al-Din al-Amidi Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam Taqi al-Din al-Subki Shihab al-Din al-Qarafi Abu Hayyan al-Gharnati Al-Baydawi Ibn Khaldun Ibn Arafa Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi Ibn Hajar al-Haytami Al-Sha'rani Jalal al-Din al-Dawani Al-Maqqari al-Tilmisani Abd al-Rahman al-Fasi Ibn Ashir Al-Bahūtī Muhammad Mayyara Abu Ali al-Hassan al-Yusi 'Illish Ibrahim al-Bajuri Abdullah ibn Alawi al-Haddad Ahmad al-Dardir Muhammad Arafa al-Desouki Ahmad Zayni Dahlan Early Sunni Abū Ḥanīfah al-Nu'mān ibn Thābit (Hanafiyah) Malik ibn Anas (Maliki) Al-Shafi‘i (Shafi‘i) Maturidi (Al-Maturidi) Al-Hakim al-Samarqandi Al-Sarakhsi Al-Bazdawi Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi Abu Ishaq al-Saffar al-Bukhari Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi 'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari Al-Sharif al-Jurjani Akmal al-Din al-Babarti Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi Nur al-Din al-Sabuni Najm al-Din 'Umar al-Nasafi Siraj al-Din al-Ushi Rumi Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi Khidr Bey Ibn Kemal Ali Qushji Ali al-Qari Al-Maydani Ahmad Sirhindi Anwar Shah Kashmiri Shah Waliullah Dehlawi Shah Abdul Aziz Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri Muhammad Zakariya Kandhlawi Rahmatullah Kairanawi Murtada al-Zabidi Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi Muhammad Zahid al-Kawthari Muhammad Abu Zahra Ahmed Deedat Kanthapuram A. P. Aboobacker Musliyar Mu'attila Al-Ja'd ibn Dirham Ja'dīyya Abū Muḥrīz Jahm ibn Ṣafwān ar-Rāsibī as-Samarqāndī at-Tirmidhī Jahmīyya Abū Abdirrahmān Bishr ibn Ghiyāth ibn Abī Karīma al-Marīsī al-Baghdādī (Hanafi-Marīsīyyah/Jahmī-Murji'ah) Mu'jassimā Abū Muḥāmmad (Abū’l-Hākem) Heshām ibn Sālem al-Jawālikī al-Juzjanī al-Kūfī Jawālikīyya Rûm Abdals Murji'ah Abū Marwān Gaylān ibn Mūslīm ad-Dimashqī an-Nabati al-Qībtī (Murjī-Qadariyah) Abu’l-Hassan Muqātil ibn Sulaymān ibn Bashīr al-Azdī al-Balkhī (Muqātilīyyah) Mu'tazila (Wasil ibn 'Ata') Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm ibn Sayyār ibn Hāni’ an-Nazzām (Nazzāmīyya) Abū Bakr Abdurrahmān ibn Kaysān al-Asāmm Abū Mūsā Isā ibn Subeyh (Sabīh) al-Murdār al-Bāsrī (Murdārīyya) Hīshām ibn Amr al-Fuwātī ash-Shaybānī (Hīshāmīyya) Abū Sahl Abbād ibn Sulaimān (Salmān) as-Sāymarī Abū Alī Muḥāmmad ibn Abdi’l-Wahhāb ibn Sallām al-Jubbā'ī (Jubbāīyya) Abū’l-Hūsayn Abdūrrāhīm ibn Muḥāmmad ibn Uthmān al-Hayyāt (Hayyātīyya) Ja'far ibn Harb Ja'far ibn Mūbassīr Abū Uthmān Amr ibn Bhār ibn Māhbūb al-Jāhiz al-Kinānī (Jāhizīyya) Al-Qadi 'Abd al-Jabbar Abu al-Husayn al-Basri Al-Zamakhshari Amr ibn Ubayd Ibn Abi'l-Hadid Sahib ibn Abbad Abū Amr Ḍirār ibn Amr al-Gatafānī al-Kūfī (Ḍirārīyya) Najjārīyya Abū ʿAbdillāh al-Husayn ibn Muḥāmmad ibn ʿAbdillāh an-Najjār ar-Rāzī Abū Amr (Abū Yahyā) Hāfs al-Fard Muḥāmmad ibn ʿĪsā (Burgūsīyya) Abū ʿAbdallāh Ibnū’z-Zā‘farānī (Zā‘farānīyya) Mustadrakīyya Salafi theologists Hanbalis Ibn Taymiyyah Ibn al Qayyim Shi’a-Imamiyyah (Wilayat al-faqih) The Twelve Imams Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid Sharif al-Murtaza Nasir al-Din al-Tusi Allamah Al-Hilli Muhammad Baqir Majlisi Zurarah ibn A'yan Hisham ibn Hakam Agha Zia ol Din Araghi Ja'far Sobhani Ruhollah Khomeini Shi’a-Ismailiyyah (Ibn Maymūn) Ibn Ismāʿīl Maymūn al-Qaddāḥ's Ismā'īlī doctrine Al-Qadi al-Nu'man Abu Yaqub al-Sijistani Hamid al-Din al-Kirmani Al-Mu'ayyad fi'l-Din al-Shirazi Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Naysaburi Arwa al-Sulayhi Tayyibi Ismā'īlī doctrine Dhu'ayb ibn Musa Hassan Ala Dhikrihi's Salam Nizārī Ismāʿīlī doctrine Idris Imad al-Din Ali ibn Muhammad ibn al-Walid Key books Sunni books Asas al-Taqdis Al-Baz al-Ashhab Al-Farq bayn al-Firaq Al-Milal wa al-Nihal Al-Irshad Al-Aqidah al-Tahawiyyah Al-Sawad al-A'zam Kitab al-Tawhid Tabsirat al-Adilla Masnavi Fihi Ma Fihi Divan-i Shams-i Tabrizi The Moderation in Belief Shia books Eʿteqādātal-Emāmīya Al-Amali Al-Khisal Awail Al Maqalat Tashih al-I'tiqad Tajrid al-I'tiqad Independent Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity Kitab al-Majmu of Alawis Malfūzāt of Ahmadiyya Rasa'il al-Hikma of Druze Umm al-Kitab of Musta'li Isma'ilism Early Muslim scholars List of contemporary Muslim scholars of Islam Islamic schools and branches Ahl us- Sunnah wa’l- Jama’ah Ahl al-Hadith (Traditionalism) Kullabiyya Ibn Kullab Hanbalis Ibn Hanbal Al-Qadi Abu Ya'la Khwaja Abdullah Ansari Zahiris Dawud al-Zahiri Salafism Ahl-i Hadith Syed Nazeer Husain / Siddiq Hasan Khan Wahhabism Ibn Abd al-Wahhab Ibn Baz Ibn al Uthaymeen Nasiruddin al-Albani Other Salafi trends Jihadism Madkhalism Sahwa Salafi Modernism Muhammad bin Dawud Maqrizi Ahl ar-Ra'y (Ilm al-Kalam) Ashʿari Malikis Shafi'is Abdullah al-Harari – Al-Ahbash Maturidi Hanafis Barelvi – Deobandi Necmettin Erbakan – Millî Görüş Shia Islam Zaydi Shi'a Zayd ibn Ali Jarudi Batriyya Alid dynasties of northern Iran Hasan al-Utrush Yahya ibn Umar Imams of Yemen Extinct Zaydi Shi'a sects Dukayniyya Khalafiyya Imami Mahdiist Shi'ite Sects in Islam Imami Twelver Theology of Twelvers Ja'fari Akhbari Usuli Shaykhism Qizilbash Sheikh Haydar / Shah Ismail / Pir Sultan / Kul Nesîmî – Safavid Islam Ghulat al-Khaṣībī / ibn Nusayr – Alawites Astarabadi (Naimi) / Imadaddin Nasimi – Hurufism / Bektashism Baktāshism Demir Bābā – Alians Bābā Rexheb – Hārābātīs Imami Isma'ilism Fathite Abdullah al-Aftah Batiniyyah Hamdan Qarmat – Sevener Qarmatians Hamza / Baha al-Din al-Muqtana / ad-Darazi – Druzes Fatimids Musta'li Tayyibi Alavi Dawoodi Sulaymani Hafizi Nasir Khusraw al-Qubadiani – Badakhshan Alevism Nizari Hassan-i Sabbah – Assassins Aga Khans – Khojas Pir Sadardin – Satpanth Kaysanites Shia Mukhtār Abū ʿAmra Kaysān Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah – Hashimiyya Hārbīyya ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Hārb ibn al-Kindi Janāhiyya Abdallah ibn Mu'awiya Hārithīyya Riyāhīyya Sam‘ānīyya Bayān ibn Sam‘ān Rawendis Rezāmīyya Abu Muslim Sunpadh Muḥammirah Khurramites Babak Mazyar al-Muqanna Ishaq al-Turk Khashabiyya Shia Other Mahdiists An-Nafs Az-Zakiyyah Hurufiyya Maḥmūd Pasīkhānī – Nuktawiyya Shayki Nuqta-yi Ula – Bábīyya Tawussite Shia ʿAjlan ibn Nawus Waqifite Shia Muhakkima (Arbitration) Kharijites Ajardi Abd al-Karīm ibn Adjrād Maymunīyyah Sa'labīyyah Azariqa Nafi ibn al-Azraq al-Hānafī al-Handhalī Bayhasīyyah Abu Bayhas al-Hāytham ibn Jābir Najdat Najdah ibn 'Amir al-Hānafī Sufri Abu Qurra Abū Yazīd Mukhallad ibn Kayrād al-Nukkari Ibadism 'Abdullāh ibn Ibāḍ al-Tamimi Jābir ibn Zayd Abu Qudama Yazid ibn Fandin al-Ifrani Murji'ah (Hasan ibn Muḥāmmad ibn al- Hanafiyyah) Karrāmīyya Abū ʿAbdillāh Muḥāmmad ibn Karrām ibn Arrāk ibn Huzāba ibn al-Barā’ as-Sijjī ʿĀbidīyya (ʿUthmān al-ʿĀbid) Dhīmmīyya Hakāiqīyya Haisamīyya (Abū ʿAbdallāh Muhammad ibn al-Haisam) Hīdīyya (Hīd ibn Saif) Ishāqīyya (Abū Yaʿqūb Ishāq ibn Mahmashādh) Maʿīyya Muhājirīyya (Ibrāhīm ibn Muhājir) Nūnīyya Razīnīyya Sauwāqīyya Sūramīyya Tarā'ifīyya (Ahmad ibn ʿAbdūs at-Tarā'ifī) Tūnīyya (Abū Bakr ibn ʿAbdallāh) Wāhidīyya Zarībīyya Other sects Gaylānīyya Gaylān ibn Marwān Yūnusīyya Yūnus ibn Awn an-Namīrī Gassānīyya Gassān al-Kūfī Tūmanīyya Abū Muāz at-Tūmanī Sawbānīyya Abū Sawbān al-Murjī Sālehīyya Sāleh ibn Umar Shamrīyya Abū Shamr Ubaydīyya Ubayd al-Mūktaib Ziyādīyya Muhammad ibn Ziyād al-Kūfī Other Murjīs Al-Harith ibn Surayj Sa'id ibn Jubayr Hammād ibn Abū Sūlaimān Muhārīb ibn Dithār Sābit Kutna Awn ibn Abdullāh Mūsā ibn Abū Kasīr Umar ibn Zar Salm ibn Sālem Hālaf ibn Ayyūb Ibrāhim ibn Yousūf Nusayr ibn Yahyā Ahmad ibn Hārb Amr ibn Murrah Mu'shabbiha Tamsīl Jawārībīyya Dāwūd al-Jawāribî Hāshwīyya Hulmānīyya Abū Hulmān al-Fārisī ad-Dimashqī Kalandars Bārāq Bābā Tasjīm Khāttabīyya Bāzīghīyya Bāzīgh ibn Mūsā Muʿāmmarīyya Muʿāmmar ibn Ahmar ʿIjlīyya/Umayrīyya Umayr ibn Bayān al-ʿIjlī Mufāddālīyya Mufāddāl ibn Umār as-Sāyrāfī Ghurābīyya Mānsūrīyya Abū Mānsūr al-ʿIjlī Mughīrīyya Abū Abdillāh Mugīre ibn Sāīd al-ʿIjlī el-Bajalī Mukhāmmīsa Namiriya ‘Ulyanīyya/'Alyaīyya Saba'īyya Qadariyah (Ma'bad al-Juhani) Alevism Qutb ad-Dīn Haydar – Malamatiyya / Qalandariyya Baba Ishak – Babai revolt Balım Sultan – Bektashi Order Galip Hassan Kuscuoglu – Rifa`i / Galibi Order Muʿtazila (Rationalism) Mā’marīyya Abū Amr (Abū Mu‘tamīr) Muāmmar ibn Abbād as-Sūlamī Bishriyya Abū Sahl Bīshr ibn al-Mu‘tamīr al-Hilālī al-Baghdādī Abū Abdi’l-Lāh Ahmad ibn Abī Du'ad Faraj ibn Carīr ibn Mâlik al-Iyādī Bahshamiyya Abū Hāshīm Abdu’s-Salām ibn Muḥāmmad ibn Abdi’l-Wahhāb al-Jubbā'ī Huzaylīyya Abū’l-Huzayl Muḥāmmad ibn al-Huzayl ibn Abdillāh al-Allāf al-Abdī al-Bāsrī Abū Ma‘n Sūmāma ibn Ashras an-Nūmayrī al-Bāsrī al-Baghdādī Ikhshīdiyya Nazzāmīyya Ali al-Aswarī Abū Bakr Muḥāmmad ibn Abdillāh ibn Shabīb al-Basrī Hābītīyya Ahmad ibn Hābīt Sumamīyya Sumāma ibn Ashras Kā‘bīyya Abū’l-Kāsīm Abdullāh ibn Ahmad ibn Māhmūd al-Balhī al-Kā‘bī Quranism Ahle Qur'an Kala Kato Tolu-e-Islam Muhammad Iqbal Ghulam Ahmed Pervez United Submitters International Rashad Khalifa Edip Yüksel Independent Muslim beliefs Messianism Ahmadiyya Mirza Ghulam Qadiani Lahori Kabbalist Dönmes Sabbatai Zevi – Sabbatean Mahdavīyya Muhammad Jaunpuri – Zikris Nation of Islam Wallace Fard Muhammad's doctrine Nur movement Said Nursî / Fethullah Gülen – Hizmet Modernism Modernist Salafism Muhammad Abduh Muhammad Asad Jamal ad-Din al-Afghani Rashid Rida Other Islamic modernists Taṣawwuf Ṭarīqah Ahmed Raza Khan – Barelvi Hilmi Tunahan – Süleymancı Other orders Tawassul Other beliefs Sadaqah Sunnah Taqwa Tawakkul Tewafuq Thawab Other scholars of Sunni schools of jurisprudence: Hanafi Hanbali Maliki Shafi'i Zahiri Authority control BNF: cb12222008f (data) GND: 11886016X ISNI: 0000 0001 2213 9546 LCCN: n79122075 NKC: jx20050125008 NLG: 282289 NLK: KAC201112961 NTA: 075197030 PLWABN: 9810580091505606 TDVİA: said-nursi Trove: 1599021 VIAF: 101363559 WorldCat Identities: lccn-n79122075 Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Said_Nursî&oldid=996281375" Categories: Asharis Shafi'is Sunni Sufis Mujaddid People from Hizan Turkish Kurdish people Ottoman military personnel of World War I Ottoman prisoners of war World War I prisoners of war held by Russia Escapees from Russian detention Scholars of Sufism Turkish escapees Critics of atheism Muslim creationists Islamic studies scholars Members of the Special Organization (Ottoman Empire) Quranic exegesis scholars 20th-century Muslim scholars of Islam Sunni Muslim scholars Kurdish scholars Kurdish theologians Kurdish Sunni Muslims 1878 births 1960 deaths Hidden categories: CS1 Kurdish-language sources (ku) Webarchive template wayback links CS1: 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