Liberalism in Germany - Wikipedia Liberalism in Germany From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Part of a series on Liberalism History Age of Enlightenment List of liberal theorists (contributions to liberal theory) Ideas Civil and political rights Cultural liberalism Democracy Democratic capitalism Economic freedom Economic liberalism Egalitarianism Free market Free trade Freedom of the press Freedom of religion Freedom of speech Gender equality Harm principle Internationalism Laissez-faire Liberty Market economy Natural and legal rights Negative/positive liberty Non-aggression Principle Open society Permissive society Private property Rule of law Secularism Separation of church and state Social contract Welfare state Schools of thought Anarcho-capitalism Classical liberalism Radical liberalism Left-libertarianism Geolibertarianism Right-libertarianism Conservative liberalism Democratic liberalism Green liberalism Liberal autocracy Liberal Catholicism Liberal conservatism Liberal feminism Equity feminism Liberal internationalism Liberal nationalism Liberal socialism Social democracy Muscular liberalism Neoliberalism National liberalism Ordoliberalism Radical centrism Religious liberalism Christian Islamic Jewish Secular liberalism Social liberalism Technoliberalism Third Way Whiggism People Acton Alain Alberdi Alembert Arnold Aron Badawi Barante Bastiat Bentham Berlin Beveridge Bobbio Brentano Bright Broglie Burke Čapek Cassirer Chicherin Chu Chydenius Clinton Cobden Collingdood Condorcet Constant Croce Cuoco Dahrendorf Decy Dewey Dickens Diderot Dongsun Dunoyer Dworkin Einaudi Emerson Eötvös Flach Friedman Galbraith Garrison George Gladstone Gobetti Gomes Gray Green Gu Guizot Hayek Herbert Hobbes Hobhouse Hobson Holbach Hu Humboldt Jefferson Jubani Kant Kelsen Kemal Keynes Korais Korwin-Mikke Kymlicka Lamartine Larra Lecky Li Lincoln Locke Lufti Macaulay Madariaga Madison Martineau Masani Michelet Mill (father) Mill (son) Milton Mises Molteno Mommsen Money Montalembert Montesquieu Mora Mouffe Naoroji Naumann Nozick Nussbaum Obama Ohlin Ortega Paine Paton Popper Price Priestley Prieto Quesnay Qin Ramírez Rathenau Rawls Raz Renan Renouvier Renzi Ricardo Röpke Rorthy Rosmini Rosselli Rousseau Ruggiero Sarmiento Say Sen Earl of Shaftesbury Shklar Sidney Sieyès Şinasi Sismondi Smith Soto Polar Spencer Spinoza Staël Sumner Tahtawi Tao Thierry Thorbecke Thoreau Tocqueville Tracy Troeltsch Turgot Villemain Voltaire Ward Weber Wollstonecraft Zambrano Organizations Africa Liberal Network Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party Arab Liberal Federation Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats European Democratic Party European Liberal Youth European Party for Individual Liberty International Alliance of Libertarian Parties International Federation of Liberal Youth Liberal International Liberal Network for Latin America Liberal parties Liberal South East European Network Regional variants Europe Latin America Albania Armenia Australia Austria Belgium Bolivia Brazil Bulgaria Canada China Chile Colombia Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech lands Denmark Ecuador Egypt Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Honduras Hong Kong Hungary Iceland India Iran Israel Italy Japan Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Macedonia Mexico Moldova Montenegro Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Nigeria Norway Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Romania Russia Senegal Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain South Africa South Korea Sweden Switzerland Thailand Tunisia Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom United States Arizona School Classical Modern Uruguay Venezuela Zimbabwe Related topics Bias in academia Bias in the media  Liberalism portal  Politics portal v t e This article aims to give a historical outline of liberalism in Germany. The liberal parties dealt with in the timeline below are, largely, those which received sufficient support at one time or another to have been represented in parliament. Not all parties so included, however, necessarily labeled themselves "liberal". The sign ⇒ denotes another party in that scheme. Contents 1 Background 2 History 2.1 From German Progress Party to German State Party 2.2 German People's Party (1868) 2.3 National Liberal Party / German People's Party (1918) 2.4 Liberal Union 2.5 Freeminded Union 2.6 National Social Union 2.7 Democratic Union 2.8 From Liberal Democratic Party of Germany to Alliance of Free Democrats (GDR) 2.9 Free Democratic Party 2.10 Liberal Democrats 2.11 New Liberals 3 Liberal leaders 4 Liberal thinkers 5 See also 6 Further reading Background[edit] The early high points of liberalism in Germany were the Hambacher Fest (1832) and the Revolutions of 1848 in the German states. In the National Assembly in the Frankfurt Paulskirche (1848/1849), the bourgeois liberal factions Casino and Württemberger Hof (the latter led by Heinrich von Gagern) were the majority. They favored a constitutional monarchy, popular sovereignty, and parliamentary rule. Organized liberalism developed in the 1860s, combining the previous liberal and democratic currents. Between 1867 and 1933 liberalism was divided into progressive liberal and national liberal factions. Since 1945 only one liberal party has been significant in politics at the national level: The Free Democratic Party (Freie Demokratische Partei, member LI), ELDR. History[edit] From German Progress Party to German State Party[edit] 1861: Liberals united in the German Progress Party (Deutsche Fortschrittspartei) 1867: The moderate faction seceded as the ⇒ National Liberal Party 1868: A radical South German faction seceded as the ⇒ Democratic People's Party 1884: The party merged with the ⇒ Liberal Union into the German Freeminded Party (Deutsche Freisinnige Partei) 1893: The party split in the Freeminded People's Party (Freisinnige Volkspartei) and the ⇒ Freeminded Union (Freisinnige Vereinigung) 1910: The FVP merged with the ⇒ Freeminded Union and the ⇒ German People's Party into the Progressive People's Party (Fortschrittliche Volkspartei) 1918: The party is reorganised into the German Democratic Party (Deutsche Demokratische Partei), incorporating parts of the ⇒ National Liberal Party 1930: The DDP in an attempt to survive reorganised itself into the German State Party (Deutsche Staatspartei) 1933: The party is forced to dissolve itself German People's Party (1868)[edit] 1868: A radical faction of the ⇒ German Progress Party formed the German People's Party (Deutsche Volkspartei) 1910: The DVP merged into the ⇒ Progressive People's Party National Liberal Party / German People's Party (1918)[edit] National Liberals 1867: A right-wing faction of the ⇒ German Progress Party formed the National Liberal Party (Nationalliberale Partei) 1871: A conservative faction of NLP formed the Imperial Liberal Party (Liberale Reichspartei) 1880: A left-wing faction seceded as the ⇒ Liberal Union 1918: The NLP is reorganised into the German People's Party (Deutsche Volkspartei), part of the party joined the German Democratic Party 1933: The party is dissolved Liberal Union[edit] 1880: A left-wing faction of the ⇒ National Liberal Party formed the Liberal Union (Liberale Vereinigung) 1884: The party merged with the ⇒ German Progress Party into the ⇒ German Freeminded Party Freeminded Union[edit] 1893: The ⇒ German Freeminded Party split into the Freeminded Union (Freisinnige Vereinigung) and the ⇒ Freeminded People's Party 1903: The ⇒ National Social Union joined the Freeminded Union 1908: A left-wing faction seceded as the ⇒ Democratic Union 1910: The party merged into the ⇒ Progressive People's Party National Social Union[edit] 1896: The National Social Union (Nationalsozialer Verein) is formed 1903: The party is dissolved and members joined the ⇒ Freeminded Union Democratic Union[edit] 1908: A left-wing faction of the ⇒ Freeminded Union formed the Democratic Union (Demokratische Vereinigung) 1918: The remnants of the Union joined the German Democratic Party From Liberal Democratic Party of Germany to Alliance of Free Democrats (GDR)[edit] 1945: Liberals in East Germany re-organised themselves into the Liberal Democratic Party of Germany (Liberal-Demokratische Partei Deutschlands). Since 1949 the party is under control of the communist dictatorship 1990: The LDPD regained its liberal profile and shortened its name in February into Liberal Democratic Party (Liberal-Demokratische Partei). The same month it joined the newly founded Free Democratic Party (GDR) (Freie Demokratische Partei (DDR)) and the German Forum Party (Deutsche Forumpartei) into Association of Free Democrats (Bund Freier Demokraten). In March the Association of Free Democrats absorbed the National Democratic Party of Germany (Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands), and finally in August it merged into present-day ⇒ Free Democratic Party Free Democratic Party[edit] 1945-1946: Liberals in West Germany re-organised themselves in regional parties 1948: The regional liberal parties merged into the Free Democratic Party (Freie Demokratische Partei) 1956: A conservative faction seceded and formed the Free People's Party (Germany) (Freie Volkspartei) 1982: A left-wing faction seceded as the ⇒ Liberal Democrats 1990: The FDP incorporated the ⇒ Association of Free Democrats Liberal Democrats[edit] 1982: A left-wing faction of the ⇒ Free Democratic Party formed the present-day Liberal Democrats (Liberale Demokraten), without success New Liberals[edit] 2014: A left-wing faction of the ⇒ Free Democratic Party formed the present-day New Liberals (Neue Liberale), contested in Hamburg state election 2015 Liberal leaders[edit] Liberals before 1918: Eduard Lasker (1829 – 1884); Rudolf von Bennigsen - Hans Victor von Unruh - Eugen Richter Freisinn: Theodor Barth - Friedrich Naumann - Max Weber Deutsche Demokratische Partei: Walther Rathenau - Theodor Heuss Deutsche Volkspartei: Gustav Stresemann LDPD (East-Germany): Waldemar Koch, Wilhelm Külz, Manfred Gerlach Freie Demokratische Partei: Ralf Dahrendorf - Karl-Hermann Flach - Hans-Dietrich Genscher - Otto Graf Lambsdorff - Walter Scheel - Guido Westerwelle - Christian Lindner Liberal thinkers[edit] In the Contributions to liberal theory the following German thinkers are included: Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) August Ludwig von Schlözer (1735–1809) Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767–1835) Ludwig Joseph Brentano (1844–1931) Friedrich Naumann (1860–1919) Max Weber (1864–1920) Walther Rathenau (1867–1922) Adolf von Harnack (1851–1930) Wilhelm Röpke (1899–1966) Ralf Dahrendorf (1929–2009) See also[edit] History of Germany Politics of Germany List of political parties in Germany Weber and German politics Further reading[edit] Åberg, Martin. Swedish and German Liberalism: From Factions to Parties 1860–1920 (2011) Anderson, Margaret Lavinia. Practicing democracy: Elections and political culture in Imperial Germany (2000) Eyck, F. Gunther. "English and French Influences on German Liberalism before 1848." Journal of the History of Ideas (1957): 313–41. in JSTOR Gross, Michael B. The war against Catholicism: Liberalism and the anti-Catholic imagination in nineteenth-century Germany (University of Michigan Press, 2004) Harris, James F. A study in the theory and practice of German liberalism: Eduard Lasker, 1829–1884 (University Press of America, 1984) Jarausch, Konrad, et al. eds. In search of a liberal Germany: studies in the history of German liberalism from 1789 to the present (1990), essays by scholars Jones, Larry Eugene. German liberalism and the dissolution of the Weimar party system, 1918–1933 (University of North Carolina Press, 1988) Krieger, Leonard. The German idea of freedom: History of a political tradition (University of Chicago Press, 1957) Kurlander, Eric. The price of exclusion: ethnicity, national identity, and the decline of German liberalism, 1898–1933 (Berghahn Books, 2006) Langewiesche, Dieter. Liberalism in Germany (Macmillan Press, 2000) Kwan, Jonathan. Liberalism and the Habsburg Monarchy, 1861–1895 (Palgrave Macmillan, 2013), Concerns the Austro-Hungarian Empire Langewiesche, Dieter. Liberalism in Germany (2000) Mork, Gordon R. "Bismarck and the 'Capitulation' of German Liberalism," Journal of Modern History (1971) 43#1 pp: 59–75 in JSTOR Palmowski, Jan. "Mediating the nation: liberalism and the polity in nineteenth-century Germany." German History (2001) 19#4 pp: 573–98. Palmowski, Jan. Urban liberalism in imperial Germany: Frankfurt am Main, 1866–1914 (Oxford University Press, 1999) Sheehan, James J. "Liberalism and society in Germany, 1815–48." Journal of Modern History (1973): 583–604. in JSTOR Sheehan, James J. German liberalism in the nineteenth century (1995) Sheehan, James J. "Liberalism and the city in nineteenth-century Germany." Past and Present (1971): 116–37. in JSTOR Sheehan, James J. The career of Lujo Brentano: a study of liberalism and social reform in imperial Germany (University of Chicago Press, 1966) v t e Liberalism in Europe Sovereign states Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Kazakhstan Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands North Macedonia Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom States with limited recognition Abkhazia Artsakh Kosovo Northern Cyprus South Ossetia Transnistria Dependencies and other entities Åland Faroe Islands Gibraltar Guernsey Isle of Man Jersey Svalbard Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liberalism_in_Germany&oldid=867370126" Categories: Liberalism in Germany Liberalism by country Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item Print/export Download as PDF Printable version Languages العربية Edit links This page was last edited on 5 November 2018, at 08:02 (UTC). 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