Liberalism in Russia - Wikipedia Liberalism in Russia From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search This article is about Russian political parties with liberal ideologies. For the Russian nationalist party, see Liberal Democratic Party of Russia. Main articles: Russian political parties and Russian politics This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article may need to be rewritten to comply with Wikipedia's quality standards. You can help. The talk page may contain suggestions. (January 2015) This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in Russian. (September 2012) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the Russian article. 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Find sources: "Liberalism in Russia" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Part of a series on Liberalism History Age of Enlightenment List of liberal theorists (contributions to liberal theory) Ideas Civil and political rights Cultural liberalism Democracy Democratic capitalism Economic freedom Economic liberalism Egalitarianism Free market Free trade Freedom of the press Freedom of religion Freedom of speech Gender equality Harm principle Internationalism Laissez-faire Liberty Market economy Natural and legal rights Negative/positive liberty Non-aggression Principle Open society Permissive society Private property Rule of law Secularism Separation of church and state Social contract Welfare state Schools of thought Anarcho-capitalism Classical liberalism Radical liberalism Left-libertarianism Geolibertarianism Right-libertarianism Conservative liberalism Democratic liberalism Green liberalism Liberal autocracy Liberal Catholicism Liberal conservatism Liberal feminism Equity feminism Liberal internationalism Liberal nationalism Liberal socialism Social democracy Muscular liberalism Neoliberalism National liberalism Ordoliberalism Radical centrism Religious liberalism Christian Islamic Jewish Secular liberalism Social liberalism Technoliberalism Third Way Whiggism People Acton Alain Alberdi Alembert Arnold Aron Badawi Barante Bastiat Bentham Berlin Beveridge Bobbio Brentano Bright Broglie Burke Čapek Cassirer Chicherin Chu Chydenius Clinton Cobden Collingdood Condorcet Constant Croce Cuoco Dahrendorf Decy Dewey Dickens Diderot Dongsun Dunoyer Dworkin Einaudi Emerson Eötvös Flach Friedman Galbraith Garrison George Gladstone Gobetti Gomes Gray Green Gu Guizot Hayek Herbert Hobbes Hobhouse Hobson Holbach Hu Humboldt Jefferson Jubani Kant Kelsen Kemal Keynes Korais Korwin-Mikke Kymlicka Lamartine Larra Lecky Li Lincoln Locke Lufti Macaulay Madariaga Madison Martineau Masani Michelet Mill (father) Mill (son) Milton Mises Molteno Mommsen Money Montalembert Montesquieu Mora Mouffe Naoroji Naumann Nozick Nussbaum Obama Ohlin Ortega Paine Paton Popper Price Priestley Prieto Quesnay Qin Ramírez Rathenau Rawls Raz Renan Renouvier Renzi Ricardo Röpke Rorthy Rosmini Rosselli Rousseau Ruggiero Sarmiento Say Sen Earl of Shaftesbury Shklar Sidney Sieyès Şinasi Sismondi Smith Soto Polar Spencer Spinoza Staël Sumner Tahtawi Tao Thierry Thorbecke Thoreau Tocqueville Tracy Troeltsch Turgot Villemain Voltaire Ward Weber Wollstonecraft Zambrano Organizations Africa Liberal Network Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party Arab Liberal Federation Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats European Democratic Party European Liberal Youth European Party for Individual Liberty International Alliance of Libertarian Parties International Federation of Liberal Youth Liberal International Liberal Network for Latin America Liberal parties Liberal South East European Network Regional variants Europe Latin America Albania Armenia Australia Austria Belgium Bolivia Brazil Bulgaria Canada China Chile Colombia Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech lands Denmark Ecuador Egypt Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Honduras Hong Kong Hungary Iceland India Iran Israel Italy Japan Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Macedonia Mexico Moldova Montenegro Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Nigeria Norway Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Romania Russia Senegal Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain South Africa South Korea Sweden Switzerland Thailand Tunisia Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom United States Arizona School Classical Modern Uruguay Venezuela Zimbabwe Related topics Bias in academia Bias in the media  Liberalism portal  Politics portal v t e Within Russian political parties, liberal parties advocate the expansion of political and civil freedoms and mostly oppose Vladimir Putin. In Russia, the term "liberal" can refer to wide range of politicians –( for reference check NCERT class 9 chapter socialism and Russian revolution) simultaneously to Thatcherism/Reaganomics-related pro-capitalism conservative politicians (they are related to 1990s shock therapy "liberal" reforms), to centre-right liberal politicians (as in European political spectrum) and to left-liberal politicians (as in the US political spectrum). The term "liberal democrats" is often used for members of the far-right nationalist part, the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia. There are Russian opposition and pro-government liberal political parties in Russia. Pro-government liberal politicians support Putin's policy in economics. There are no liberal factions in Russian parliament at the moment. Centre-left liberalism was represented in the State Duma of Russian parliament by the Russian United Democratic Party "Yabloko" (7.86% in 1993 election, 6.89% in 1995, 5.93% in 1999). Pro-government liberalism was represented by the Our Home – Russia (10.13% in 1995 election), the liberal political party founded by Prime Minister Viktor Chernomyrdin. Centre-right liberalism was represented by the pro-capitalist party Democratic Choice of Russia (15.51% in 1993) and its successor, the Union of Right Forces (8.52% in 1999 election). The Yabloko and the Republican Party of Russia – People's Freedom Party are members of Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party.[1] The Yabloko is also a member of Liberal International. Contents 1 Liberalism in the Russian Federation 1.1 History 1.2 Yabloko (1993–) 1.3 Pro-Chernomyrdin and regional party (1995–2000) 1.4 Democratic Choice of Russia (1993–1999) 1.5 Union of Right Forces (1999–2008) 1.6 Pro-Vladimir Putin liberal projects 1.7 Solidarnost wide movement (2008–) 1.8 Republican Party of Russia – People's Freedom Party (de facto 2010–) 1.9 Mikhail Prokhorov's party 2 Russian Empire 2.1 Background 2.2 From Liberation Union to Constitutional Democratic Party 2.3 Union of October 17 2.4 Moderate Progressive Party 2.5 Party of Democratic Reform 2.6 From Party of Peaceful Renovation to Progressist Party 3 List of various liberal leaders 4 See also 5 References Liberalism in the Russian Federation[edit] History[edit] Liberalism emerged in Russia before the Russian Revolution and continued to develop among Constitutional Democrats such as Pavel Miliukov living in exile after 1917.[2] After the fall of communism, several new liberal parties were formed, but only one of them Yabloko (Yabloko – Rosiyskaya Demokraticheskaya Partiya, a member of Liberal International) succeeded in becoming a relevant force. This is a left-of-center liberal party. The Union of Right Forces (Soyuz Pravykh Sil, a member of International Democrat Union) is a right-of-center liberal party. It can also be seen as a democratic conservative market party. In this scheme, the party is not included as liberal, being considered a democratic conservative party, but it can also be called liberal because of its pro-free-market and anti-authoritarianism stances. The so-called Liberal Democratic Party of Russia is not at all "liberal" – it is a nationalist, right-wing, populist party. Yabloko (1993–)[edit] Main article: Yabloko See also: Grigory Yavlinsky 1993: Diverse new political parties merged into the social liberal Yavlinksii-Boldyrev-Lukin electoral bloc, led by Grigorii Yavlinskii. 1994: The party is renamed Yabloko (Yabloko). 1995: The party is officially registered. 2003: The party is renamed Russian Democratic Party Yabloko (Rosiyskaya Demokraticheskaya Partiya/Российская Демократическая Партия Яблоко). The Yabloko is a member of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party and Liberal International. Pro-Chernomyrdin and regional party (1995–2000)[edit] Main article: Our Home – Russia See also: Viktor Chernomyrdin This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (January 2015) Democratic Choice of Russia (1993–1999)[edit] Main article: Democratic Choice of Russia See also: Yegor Gaidar This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (September 2013) The Democratic Choice of Russia was a centre-right liberal pro-capitalist political party. Union of Right Forces (1999–2008)[edit] Main article: Union of Right Forces See also: Yegor Gaidar, Irina Khakamada, Boris Nemtsov, Anatoly Chubais, and Nikita Belykh This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (September 2013) The Union of Right Forces was a Russian centre-right liberal opposition political party. Pro-Vladimir Putin liberal projects[edit] Main articles: Civilian Power, Right Cause (political party in Russia), and Democratic Party of Russia See also: Putin regime, Power vertical, and Media freedom in Russia This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (January 2015) Solidarnost wide movement (2008–)[edit] Main article: Solidarnost This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (September 2013) Solidarnost is a liberal democratic political movement founded in 2008 by a number of well-known members of the liberal democratic opposition, including Garry Kasparov, Boris Nemtsov and others from the Yabloko and former Union of Right Forces (which had just merged with two pro-Kremlin parties). Republican Party of Russia – People's Freedom Party (de facto 2010–)[edit] Main articles: Republican Party of Russia – People's Freedom Party, People's Freedom Party "For Russia without Lawlessness and Corruption", and Russian People's Democratic Union This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (September 2013) 2017 Russian protests, organized by Russia's liberal opposition People's Freedom Party "For Russia without Lawlessness and Corruption" is a liberal democratic coalition founded in 2010 by opposition politicians Vladimir Ryzhkov, Boris Nemtsov, Mikhail Kasyanov and Vladimir Milov and their organisations Republican Party of Russia, Solidarnost, Russian People's Democratic Union and Democratic Choice. The RPR-PARNAS is a member of Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party.[1] In 2012, the coalition merged into the officially registered Russian political party RPR-PARNAS (Republican Party of Russia – People's Freedom Party). The RPR-PARNAS is a centre-right liberal opposition political party and it represented in regional parliament in Yaroslavl Oblast. Mikhail Prokhorov's party[edit] Main article: Civic Platform (Russia) This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (January 2015) Russian Empire[edit] Background[edit] Mikhail Speransky is sometimes called the father of Russian liberalism. His ideas were discussed and elaborated by such 19th-century liberal republican radicals as Alexander Herzen, Boris Chicherin, and Konstantin Kavelin. Based on their ideals, various early 20th-century liberal parties evolved, the most important of them being the Constitutional-democratic Party, headed by Pavel Milyukov. From Liberation Union to Constitutional Democratic Party[edit] 1905: The Liberation Union (Soyuz Osvobozhdeniya) merged with the Union of Zemstvo-Constitutionalists (Soyuz Zemstev-Konstitutsionistov) to form the liberal Constitutional Democratic Party (Konstitutsiono-Demokraticheskaya Partya), formally known as the Party of Popular Freedom (Partiya Narodnoy Svobody), led by Pavel Milyukov. 1906: A faction forms the ⇒ Party of Democratic Reform October 26 O.S., 1917: The party's newspapers were shut down by the new Soviet regime November 28 O.S., 1917: Banned by the Soviet regime, the party went underground 1918-1920: Many party leaders were active in the White movement 1921-early 1930s: The party continued to function in exile, but slowly disintegrated Union of October 17[edit] 1905: Conservative liberals formed the Union of October 17 (Soyuz Semnadtsatovo Oktyabrya) and became known as Octobrists. 1906: A left wing faction formed the ⇒ Party for Peaceful Renewal, the party develops to be the party of the landlords. March 1917: Dissolved after the February Revolution. Moderate Progressive Party[edit] 1905: National liberals established the Moderate Progressive Party (Umereno-Progresivnaya Partiya). 1907: Merged into the ⇒ Party for Peaceful Renewal. Party of Democratic Reform[edit] 1906: A moderate faction of the ⇒ Constitutional Democratic Party formed the Party of Democratic Reform (Partiya Demokraticheskikh Reform). 1912: Merged into the ⇒ Progressive Party. From Party of Peaceful Renovation to Progressist Party[edit] 1906: A left-wing faction of the Octobrists, together with dissidents of the Constitutional Democratic Party and of the Moderate Progressive Party, established the Party of Peaceful Renovation (Partiya Mirnovo Obnovleniya). 1912: Merged with the ⇒ Party of Democratic Reform into the Progressist Party (Progresivnaya Partiya), led by Georgy Lvov. 1917: Most of the party merged into the ⇒ Constitutional Democratic Party, some continued as the Radical Democratic Party (Radikal'no-Demokraticheskaya Partiya). List of various liberal leaders[edit] This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2015) Pre-revolution: Pavel Milyukov, Georgy Lvov Dissidence during communism: Andrei Sakharov See also[edit] History of Russia Politics of Russia Political parties in Russia References[edit] ^ a b "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-12-17. Retrieved 2013-12-10.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) ^ Jansen, Dinah (2015). After October: Russian Liberalism as a 'Work in Progress,' 1919-1945. 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