Kant's antinomies - Wikipedia Kant's antinomies From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Immanuel Kant's antinomies, from the Critique of Pure Reason, are contradictions which he believed follow necessarily from our attempts to conceive the nature of transcendent reality. Kant thought that some certain antinomies of his (God and Freedom) could be resolved as "Postulates of Practical Reason". He used them to describe the equally rational-but-contradictory results of applying the universe of pure thought to the categories or criteria, i.e. applying reason proper to the universe of sensible perception or experience (phenomena). Empirical reason cannot here play the role of establishing rational truths because it goes beyond possible experience and is applied to the sphere of that which transcends it. Contents 1 Overview 2 The mathematical antinomies 2.1 The first antinomy (of space and time) 2.2 The second antinomy (of atomism) 3 The dynamical antinomies 3.1 The third antinomy (of spontaneity and causal determinism) 3.2 The fourth antinomy (of necessary being or not) 4 References Overview[edit] Kant's antinomies are four: two "mathematical" and two "dynamical". They are connected with (1) the limitation of the universe in respect of space and time, (2) the theory that the whole consists of indivisible atoms (whereas, in fact, none such exist), (3) the problem of free will in relation to universal causality, and (4) the existence of a necessary being.[1] The first two antinomies are dubbed "mathematical" antinomies, presumably because in each case we are concerned with the relation between what are alleged to be sensible objects (either the world itself, or objects in it) and space and time. The second two are dubbed "dynamical" antinomies, presumably because the proponents of the thesis are not committing themselves solely to claims about spatio-temporal objects.[2][3][4] Note: Kant himself did not use the plural term, "antinomies," but only the singular term, "Antinomy," as the logical status of a species of metaphysical argument. There is Antinomy, and Kant argued in detail regarding four cases of Antinomy in his Critique of Pure Reason (1780). The mathematical antinomies[edit] The first antinomy (of space and time)[edit] Thesis: The world has a beginning in time, and is also limited as regards space. Anti-thesis: The world has no beginning, and no limits in space; it is infinite as regards both time and space. The second antinomy (of atomism)[edit] Thesis: Every composite substance in the world is made up of simple parts, and nothing anywhere exists save the simple or what is composed of the simple. Anti-thesis: No composite thing in the world is made up of simple parts, and there nowhere exists in the world anything simple. The dynamical antinomies[edit] The third antinomy (of spontaneity and causal determinism)[edit] Thesis: Causality in accordance with laws of nature is not the only causality from which the appearances of the world can one and all be derived. To explain these appearances it is necessary to assume that there is also another causality, that of Spontaneity. Anti-thesis: There is no Spontaneity; everything in the world takes place solely in accordance with laws of nature. The fourth antinomy (of necessary being or not)[edit] Thesis: There belongs to the world, either as its part or as its cause, a being that is absolutely necessary. Anti-thesis: An absolutely necessary being nowhere exists in the world, nor does it exist outside the world as its cause. References[edit] ^ Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th ed. (1911), Vol. 2. ^ S. Al-Azm, The Origins of Kant's Argument in the Antinomies, Oxford University Press 1972. ^ M. Grier, Kant's Doctrine of Transcendental Illusion, Cambridge University Press 2001. ^ M. Grier, "The Logic of Illusion and the Antinomies," in Bird (ed.), Blackwell, Oxford 2006, pp. 192-207. Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kant%27s_antinomies&oldid=994366080" Categories: Philosophy of religion Immanuel Kant Paradoxes Causality Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item Print/export Download as PDF Printable version Languages Deutsch Eesti Italiano Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Edit links This page was last edited on 15 December 2020, at 10:24 (UTC). Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. 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