Carl Gustav Hempel - Wikipedia Carl Gustav Hempel From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Carl Gustav Hempel Born (1905-01-08)January 8, 1905 Oranienburg, German Empire Died November 9, 1997(1997-11-09) (aged 92) Princeton, New Jersey, U.S. Education University of Göttingen University of Berlin (PhD, 1934) Heidelberg University Era 20th-century philosophy Region Western philosophy School Analytic philosophy Berlin Circle Logical behaviorism[1] Institutions University of Chicago City College of New York Yale University Princeton University Hebrew University University of Pittsburgh Thesis Beiträge zur logischen Analyse des Wahrscheinlichkeitsbegriffs (Contributions to the Logical Analysis of the Concept of Probability) (1934) Doctoral advisors Hans Reichenbach, Wolfgang Köhler, Nicolai Hartmann Other academic advisors Rudolf Carnap[2] Doctoral students Adolf Grünbaum Jaegwon Kim Robert Nozick John Earman Other notable students Robert Stalnaker Main interests Philosophy of science Logic Confirmation theory Notable ideas Deductive-nomological model Inductive-statistical model[3] Internal vs. bridge principles[4] Hempel's dilemma Raven paradox Explanandum and explanans Influences Hans Reichenbach[2] Rudolf Carnap[2] Influenced Jaegwon Kim Robert Nozick Richard Jeffrey John Earman Philip Kitcher Peter Achinstein Lawrence Sklar Wesley C. Salmon Nelson Goodman Carl Gustav "Peter" Hempel (January 8, 1905 – November 9, 1997) was a German writer and philosopher. He was a major figure in logical empiricism, a 20th-century movement in the philosophy of science. He is especially well known for his articulation of the deductive-nomological model of scientific explanation, which was considered the "standard model" of scientific explanation during the 1950s and 1960s. He is also known for the raven paradox (also known as "Hempel's paradox").[5] Contents 1 Education 2 Career 3 Philosophical views 4 Legacy 5 Bibliography 5.1 Principal works 5.2 Essay collections 5.3 Articles 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External links Education[edit] Hempel studied mathematics, physics and philosophy at the University of Göttingen and subsequently at the University of Berlin and the Heidelberg University. In Göttingen, he encountered David Hilbert and was impressed by his program attempting to base all mathematics on solid logical foundations derived from a limited number of axioms. After moving to Berlin, Hempel participated in a congress on scientific philosophy in 1929 where he met Rudolf Carnap and became involved in the Berlin Circle of philosophers associated with the Vienna Circle. In 1934, he received his doctoral degree from the University of Berlin with a dissertation on probability theory, titled Beiträge zur logischen Analyse des Wahrscheinlichkeitsbegriffs (Contributions to the Logical Analysis of the Concept of Probability). Hans Reichenbach was Hempel's main doctoral supervisor, but after Reichenbach lost his philosophy chair in Berlin in 1933, Wolfgang Köhler and Nicolai Hartmann became the official supervisors.[6] Career[edit] Within a year of completing his doctorate, the increasingly repressive and anti-semitic Nazi regime in Germany had prompted Hempel to emigrate – his wife was of Jewish ancestry[7] – to Belgium. In this, he was aided by the scientist Paul Oppenheim, with whom he co-authored the book Der Typusbegriff im Lichte der neuen Logik on typology and logic in 1936. In 1937, Hempel emigrated to the United States, where he accepted a position as Carnap's assistant[8] at the University of Chicago. He later held positions at the City College of New York (1939–1948), Yale University (1948–1955) and Princeton University, where he taught alongside Thomas Kuhn and remained until made emeritus in 1973. Between 1974 and 1976, he was an emeritus at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem before becoming University Professor of Philosophy at the University of Pittsburgh in 1977 and teaching there until 1985. In 1989 the Department of Philosophy at Princeton University renamed its Three Lecture Series the 'Carl G. Hempel Lectures' in his honor.[9] Philosophical views[edit] Hempel never embraced the term "logical positivism" as an accurate description of the Vienna Circle and Berlin Group, preferring to describe those philosophers – and himself – as "logical empiricists." He believed that the term "positivism," with its roots in Auguste Comte, invoked a materialist metaphysics that empiricists need not embrace. He regarded Ludwig Wittgenstein as a philosopher with a genius for stating philosophical insights in striking and memorable language, but believed that he (or, at least, the Wittgenstein of the Tractatus) made claims that could only be supported by recourse to metaphysics. To Hempel, metaphysics involved claims to know things which were not knowable; that is, metaphysical hypotheses were incapable of confirmation or disconfirmation by evidence. Legacy[edit] In 2005, the City of Oranienburg, Hempel's birthplace, renamed one of its streets "Carl-Gustav-Hempel-Straße" in his memory. Bibliography[edit] Principal works[edit] 1936: "Über den Gehalt von Wahrscheinlichkeitsaussagen" and, with Paul Oppenheim, "Der Typusbegriff im Licht der neuen Logik" 1942: The Function of General Laws in History 1943: Studies in the Logic of Confirmation 1959: The Logic of Functional Analysis 1965: Aspects of Scientific Explanation 1966: Philosophy of Natural Science 1967: Scientific Explanation Essay collections[edit] Aspects of Scientific Explanation and Other Essays (1965), ISBN 0-02-914340-3. Selected Philosophical Essays (2000), ISBN 0-521-62475-4. The Philosophy of Carl G. Hempel: Studies in Science, Explanation, and Rationality (2001), ISBN 0-19-512136-8. Articles[edit] ″On the Nature of Mathematical Truth" and ″Geometry and Empirical Science″ (1945), American Mathematical Monthly, issue 52. Articles in Readings in Philosophical Analysis (pp. 222–249), edited by Herbert Feigl and Wilfrid Sellars (Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc., 1949). References[edit] ^ Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). "Behaviorism". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. ^ a b c Carl Hempel (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) ^ Gandjour A, Lauterbach KW, "Inductive reasoning in medicine: lessons from Carl Gustav Hempel's 'inductive-statistical' model", J Eval Clin Pract, 2003, 9(2):161–9. ^ "Theories in Science" – Michigan Technological University ^ SEP ^ Carl G. Hempel, Selected Philosophical Essays, Cambridge University Press, 2000, p. viii. ^ "Carl Hempel "Scientific Inquiry: Invention and Test"". First Philosophy: Fundamental Problems and Readings in Philosophy, Volume 2 (2nd ed.). Peterborough, Ontario: Broadview Press. p. 206. ISBN 978-1-55111-973-1. ^ Hempel, Carl. "Carl Gustav Hempel's Papers". Special Collections Department, University of Pittsburgh. Retrieved 2013-09-17. ^ philosophy.princeton.edu Further reading[edit] Holt, Jim, "Positive Thinking" (review of Karl Sigmund, Exact Thinking in Demented Times: The Vienna Circle and the Epic Quest for the Foundations of Science, Basic Books, 449 pp.), The New York Review of Books, vol. LXIV, no. 20 (21 December 2017), pp. 74–76. External links[edit] Carl Gustav Hempel at the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. "Problems and Changes in the Empiricist Criterion of Meaning" by Carl G. Hempel Obituary by the Princeton University Office of Communications. Carl Gustav Hempel Papers, 1903-1997, ASP.1999.01 at the Archives of Scientific Philosophy, Special Collections Department, University of Pittsburgh. Obituary in the New York Times. v t e Analytic philosophy Related articles Areas of focus Epistemology Language Mathematics Science Turns Aretaic Linguistic Logic Classical Mathematical Non-classical Philosophical Theories Anti-realism Australian realism Descriptivist theory of names Emotivism Functionalism Analytical feminism Logical atomism Logical positivism Analytical Marxism Neopragmatism Neurophilosophy Ordinary language Quietism Scientific structuralism Sense data Concepts Analysis (paradox of analysis) Analytic–synthetic distinction Counterfactual Natural kind Reflective equilibrium Supervenience Modality Actualism Necessity Possibility Possible world Realism Rigid designator Philosophers Noam Chomsky Keith Donnellan Paul Feyerabend Gottlob Frege Ian Hacking Karl Popper Ernest Sosa Barry Stroud Michael Walzer Cambridge Charlie Broad Norman Malcolm G. E. Moore Graham Priest Bertrand Russell Frank P. Ramsey Ludwig Wittgenstein Oxford G. E. M. Anscombe J. L. Austin A. J. Ayer Michael Dummett Antony Flew Philippa Foot Peter Geach Paul Grice R. M. Hare Alasdair MacIntyre Derek Parfit Gilbert Ryle John Searle P. F. Strawson Richard Swinburne Charles Taylor Bernard Williams Timothy Williamson Logical positivists Ernest Nagel Berlin Circle Carl Gustav Hempel Hans Reichenbach Vienna Circle Rudolf Carnap Kurt Gödel Otto Neurath Moritz Schlick Harvard Roderick Chisholm Donald Davidson Daniel Dennett Nelson Goodman Christine Korsgaard Thomas Kuhn Thomas Nagel Robert Nozick Hilary Putnam W. V. O. Quine John Rawls Pittsburgh School Robert Brandom Patricia Churchland Paul Churchland Adolf Grünbaum John McDowell Ruth Millikan Nicholas Rescher Wilfrid Sellars Bas van Fraassen Princeton Jerry Fodor David Lewis Jaegwon Kim Saul Kripke Richard Rorty Notre Dame Robert Audi Peter van Inwagen Alvin Plantinga Australian David Chalmers J. L. Mackie Peter Singer J. J. C. Smart Quietism James F. Conant Alice Crary Cora Diamond Category Index v t e Philosophy of science Concepts Analysis Analytic–synthetic distinction A priori and a posteriori Causality Commensurability Consilience Construct Creative synthesis Demarcation problem Empirical evidence Explanatory power Fact Falsifiability Feminist method Functional contextualism Ignoramus et ignorabimus Inductive reasoning Intertheoretic reduction Inquiry Nature Objectivity Observation Paradigm Problem of induction Scientific law Scientific method Scientific revolution Scientific theory Testability Theory choice Theory-ladenness Underdetermination Unity of science Metatheory of science Coherentism Confirmation holism Constructive empiricism Constructive realism Constructivist epistemology Contextualism Conventionalism Deductive-nomological model Hypothetico-deductive model Inductionism Epistemological anarchism Evolutionism Fallibilism Foundationalism Instrumentalism Pragmatism Model-dependent realism Naturalism Physicalism Positivism / Reductionism / Determinism Rationalism / Empiricism Received view / Semantic view of theories Scientific realism / Anti-realism Scientific essentialism Scientific formalism Scientific skepticism Scientism Structuralism Uniformitarianism Vitalism Philosophy of Physics thermal and statistical Motion Chemistry Biology Geography Social science Technology Engineering Artificial intelligence Computer science Information Mind Psychiatry Psychology Perception Space and time Related topics Alchemy Criticism of science Descriptive science Epistemology Faith and rationality Hard and soft science History and philosophy of science History of science History of evolutionary thought Logic Metaphysics Normative science Pseudoscience Relationship between religion and science Rhetoric of science Science studies Sociology of scientific knowledge Sociology of scientific ignorance Philosophers of science by era Ancient Plato Aristotle Stoicism Epicureans Medieval Averroes Avicenna Roger Bacon William of Ockham Hugh of Saint Victor Dominicus Gundissalinus Robert Kilwardby Early modern Francis Bacon Thomas Hobbes René Descartes Galileo Galilei Pierre Gassendi Isaac Newton David Hume Late modern Immanuel Kant Friedrich Schelling William Whewell Auguste Comte John Stuart Mill Herbert Spencer Wilhelm Wundt Charles Sanders Peirce Wilhelm Windelband Henri Poincaré Pierre Duhem Rudolf Steiner Karl Pearson Contemporary Alfred North Whitehead Bertrand Russell Albert Einstein Otto Neurath C. D. Broad Michael Polanyi Hans Reichenbach Rudolf Carnap Karl Popper Carl Gustav Hempel W. V. O. Quine Thomas Kuhn Imre Lakatos Paul Feyerabend Jürgen Habermas Ian Hacking Bas van Fraassen Larry Laudan Daniel Dennett Category  Philosophy portal  Science portal Authority control BNE: XX844176 BNF: cb12033294h (data) CANTIC: a1009961x DBLP: 74/3621 GND: 118549065 ISNI: 0000 0001 1031 7616 LCCN: n50027192 MGP: 20686 NDL: 00443003 NKC: mzk2002148206 NLK: KAC199612079 NTA: 068152175 PLWABN: 9810596134805606 SELIBR: 226232 SNAC: w6pg1vpj SUDOC: 028511433 Trove: 1236965 VIAF: 100252083 WorldCat Identities: lccn-n50027192 Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carl_Gustav_Hempel&oldid=999098810" Categories: 1905 births 1997 deaths 20th-century essayists 20th-century German male writers 20th-century German non-fiction writers 20th-century German philosophers City College of New York faculty Empiricists German essayists German logicians German male essayists German male non-fiction writers German philosophers Hebrew University of Jerusalem faculty Heidelberg University alumni Humboldt University of Berlin alumni Logical positivism People from Oranienburg People from the Province of Brandenburg Philosophers of logic Philosophers of mathematics Philosophers of science Philosophy academics Philosophy writers Princeton University faculty University of Göttingen alumni University of Pittsburgh faculty Vienna Circle Yale University faculty Hidden categories: Articles with hCards Wikipedia articles with BNE identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers Wikipedia articles with DBLP identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with MGP identifiers Wikipedia articles with NDL identifiers Wikipedia articles with NKC identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLK identifiers Wikipedia articles with NTA identifiers Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item Print/export Download as PDF Printable version Languages Afrikaans العربية تۆرکجه বাংলা Català Čeština Deutsch Eesti Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français 한국어 Bahasa Indonesia Íslenska Italiano עברית Latviešu Magyar Nederlands 日本語 Norsk bokmål Polski Português Русский Simple English Slovenščina Suomi Svenska Тоҷикӣ Türkçe Українська 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 8 January 2021, at 13:51 (UTC). 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