Victor de Broglie (1785–1870) - Wikipedia Victor de Broglie (1785–1870) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search For other people with a similar name, see Victor de Broglie. Victor de Broglie Illustration of De Broglie (ca. 1830) Member of the Académie française In office 1 March 1855 – 25 January 1870 Preceded by Louis de Beaupoil Succeeded by Prosper Duvergier de Hauranne Member of the National Assembly for Eure In office 28 May 1849 – 3 December 1851 Preceded by Alfred Canel Succeeded by Constituency abolished Constituency Pont-Audemer France Ambassador to the United Kingdom In office 1847–1848 Appointed by Louis Philippe I Preceded by Louis de Beaupoil Succeeded by Gustave de Beaumont 14th Prime Minister of France In office 12 March 1835 – 22 February 1836 Monarch Louis Philippe I Preceded by Édouard Mortier Succeeded by Adolphe Thiers Personal details Born Achille Léonce Victor Charles de Broglie (1785-11-28)28 November 1785 Paris, France Died 25 January 1870(1870-01-25) (aged 84) Paris, French Empire Political party Doctrinaires (1815–1830) Resistance Party (1830–1848) Party of Order (1848–1851) Spouse(s) Albertine de Staël-Holstein ​ ​ (m. 1816; her d. 1838)​ Children Pauline Louise Albert Paul Profession Diplomat Signature Achille Léonce Victor Charles, 3rd Duke of Broglie (French: [viktɔʁ də bʁɔj, - bʁœj]; 28 November 1785 – 25 January 1870), fully Victor de Broglie,[1] was a French peer, statesman, and diplomat. He was the third duke of Broglie and served as president of the Council during the July Monarchy, from August 1830 to November 1830 and from March 1835 to February 1836. Victor de Broglie was close to the liberal Doctrinaires who opposed the ultra-royalists and were absorbed, under Louis-Philippe's rule, by the Orléanists. Contents 1 Biography 1.1 Early life 1.2 Career 1.3 The July Monarchy 1.4 Second Republic and Second Empire 2 Honours 3 Works 4 Notes 5 References 6 External links Biography[edit] Early life[edit] Victor de Broglie was born in Paris on 28 November 1785, the youngest child and only son of Charles-Louis-Victor, prince de Broglie, and grandson of Victor-François, 2nd duc de Broglie. While his grandfather emigrated, his parents were imprisoned during the Terror. His father was guillotined in 1794, but his mother, the former Countess Sophie de Rosen (Paris 10 Mar 1764 – Paris 31 Oct 1828) managed to escape to Switzerland, where she remained until the fall of Robespierre.[2] She then returned to Paris with her children – three older daughters and one son[citation needed]– and lived there quietly until 1796, when she married the Marc-René-Voyer de Paulmy, marquis d'Argenson, grandson of Louis XV's minister of war.[2] On his grandfather's death in 1804, Victor de Broglie became the third duc de Broglie.[2] Under the care of his stepfather, the young duke received a careful and liberal education and made his entrée into the aristocratic and literary society of Paris under the First French Empire. In 1821, his wife Albertine, the daughter of Erik Magnus Staël von Holstein (Albertine's biological father may have been Benjamin Constant )[3] and Madame de Staël, gave birth to Albert, who would become the fourth duke of Broglie.[2] His first-born daughter Louise would publish novels and biographies, and be famously painted by Ingres; another son, Auguste, would have an ecclesiastical and academic career. Career[edit] In 1809, De Broglie was appointed a member of the Council of State, over which the Napoleon Bonaparte presided in person. In addition, he was sent by the Emperor on diplomatic missions, as an attaché, to various countries. Though he had never been in sympathy with the principles of the Empire, the duc de Broglie was not one of those who rejoiced at its downfall. In common with all men of experience and sense, he realized the danger to France of the rise to power of the forces of violent reaction. With Decazes and Richelieu, he saw that the only hope for a calm future lay in the reconciliation of the Restoration with the French Revolution. By the influence of his uncle, Amédée de Broglie, his right to a peerage had been recognized, and to his own great surprise he received, in June 1814, a summons from Louis XVIII to the Chamber of Peers. There, after the Hundred Days, he distinguished himself by his courageous defence of Marshal Ney, for whose acquittal he, alone of all the peers, both spoke and voted.[2] After this defiant act of opposition it was perhaps fortunate that his impending marriage gave him an excuse for leaving the country. On 15 February 1816, he was married at Leghorn to Albertine, baroness Staël von Holstein, the daughter of Madame de Staël. He returned to Paris at the end of the year, but took no part in politics until the elections of September 1816 broke the power of the ultraroyalists and substituted for the Chambre introuvable a moderate assembly composed of liberal Doctrinaires. De Broglie's political attitude during the years that followed is best summed up in his own words:[2] From 1812 to 1822 all the efforts of men of sense and character were directed to reconciling the Restoration and the Revolution, the old régime and the new France. From 1822 to 1827 all their efforts were directed to resisting the growing power of the counter-revolution. From 1827 to 1830 all their efforts aimed at moderating and regulating the reaction in a contrary sense.[2] The July Monarchy[edit] Further information: July Monarchy During the last critical years of Charles X's reign, De Broglie identified himself with the liberal party – the Doctrinaires, among whom Royer-Collard and Guizot were the most prominent. The July Revolution of 1830 placed him in a difficult position; he knew nothing of the intrigues which placed Louis Philippe on the throne; the revolution accomplished, however, he was ready to uphold the fait accompli with characteristic loyalty, and on 9 August 1830 took office in the new government as President of the Council and Minister of Public Worship and Education. As he had foreseen, the ministry was short-lived, and on 2 November he was once more out of office.[2] During the critical time that followed, he consistently supported the principles which triumphed with the fall of Laffitte, representative of the center-left Parti du mouvement, and the accession to power of Casimir Perier, leader of the center-right Parti de la résistance, in March 1831. After the death of the latter and the insurrection of June 1832, De Broglie took office once more as Minister for Foreign Affairs (11 October). [2] His tenure of the foreign office was coincident with a very critical period in international relations. But for the sympathy of Britain under Palmerston, the July Monarchy would have been completely isolated in Europe, and this sympathy the aggressive policy of France in Belgium and on the Mediterranean coast of Africa had been in danger of alienating. The Belgian crisis had been settled, so far as the two powers were concerned, before De Broglie took office, but the concerted military and naval action for the coercion of the Dutch, which led to the French occupation of Antwerp, was carried out under his auspices. The good understanding of which this was the symbol characterized also the relations of De Broglie and Palmerston during the crisis of the first war of Muhammad Ali with the Porte, and in the affairs of the Spanish peninsula their common sympathy with constitutional liberty led to an agreement for common action, which took shape in the Quadruple Alliance between Britain, France, Spain and Portugal, signed at London on 22 April 1834. De Broglie had retired from office in the March preceding, and did not return to power until March of the following year, when he became head of the cabinet.[2] One of De Broglie's first act on his return was to have the National Assembly ratify the 4 July 1831 treaty with the United States, which it had rejected during his first term. His cabinet also voted the 1835 laws restricting freedom of press, following Giuseppe Fieschi's attempted assassination against Louis-Philippe in July 1835.[citation needed] In 1836, the government having been defeated on a proposal to reduce the five percents tax, he once more resigned.[2] He had remained in power long enough to prove what honesty of purpose, experience of affairs, and common sense can accomplish when allied with authority. The debt that France and Europe owed him may be measured by comparing the results of his policy with that of his successors under not dissimilar circumstances. He had found France isolated and Europe full of the rumours of war; he left her strong in the English alliance and the respect of Liberal Europe, and Europe freed from the restless apprehensions which were to be stirred into life again by the attitude of Thiers in the Eastern Question and of Guizot in the affair of the Spanish Marriages. From 1836 to 1848, De Broglie held almost completely aloof from politics, to which his scholarly temperament little inclined him, a disinclination strengthened by the death of his wife on 22 September 1838. His friendship for Guizot, however, induced him to accept a temporary mission in 1845, and in 1847 to go as French ambassador to London.[2] Second Republic and Second Empire[edit] The revolution of 1848 was a great blow to him, for he realized that it meant the final ruin of the constitutional monarchy, in his view the political system best suited to France. He took his seat, however, in the republican National Assembly and in the Convention of 1848, and, as a member of the section known as the "Burgraves", fought against both socialism and what he foresaw as a coming autocratic reaction. He shared with his colleagues the indignity of the 2 December 1851 coup, and remained for the remainder of his life one of the bitterest enemies of the Second Empire, though he was heard to remark, with that caustic wit for which he was famous, that the empire was the government which the poorer classes in France desired and the rich deserved.[2] The last twenty years of his life were devoted chiefly to philosophical and literary pursuits. Having been brought up by his stepfather in the sceptical opinions of the time, he gradually arrived at a sincere belief in the Christian religion. "I shall die," he said, "a penitent Christian and an impenitent Liberal".[2] His literary works, though few of them have been published, were rewarded in 1856 by a seat in the Académie française, replacing Louis de Beaupoil de Saint-Aulaire, and he was also a member of the Académie des sciences morales et politiques. In the labors of those learned bodies he took an active and assiduous part.[2] Honours[edit] 1833: Grand cordon of the Order of Leopold.[4][full citation needed] Works[edit] Besides his Souvenirs, in 4 vols. (Paris, 1885–1888), the duc de Broglie left numerous works, of which only some have been published. Of these may be mentioned:[2] Écrits et discours (3 vols., Paris, 1863); Le libre échange et l'impôt (Paris, 1879); Vues sur le gouvernement de la France (Paris, 1861). This last was confiscated by the imperial government before publication.[2] Notes[edit] ^ EB (1878). ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q EB (1911), p. 627. ^ Goodden, Angelica (2008). Madame de Staël : the dangerous exile. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199238095. p. 31 ^ RD of 22.04.1833 References[edit] Reeve, Henry (1878), "Achille Léonce Victor Charles, Duc de Broglie" , in Baynes, T. S. (ed.), Encyclopædia Britannica, 4 (9th ed.), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, pp. 359–360 Attribution:  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain:  Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911), "Broglie, de", Encyclopædia Britannica, 4 (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press, pp. 626–628 External links[edit] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Victor, 3rd duc de Broglie. "Les Immortels: Victor de Broglie" (in French). Académie française. 2009. Archived from the original on 4 February 2012. Retrieved 8 January 2009. Political offices Preceded by Henri Gauthier, comte de Rigny Minister of Foreign Affairs 12 March 1835 – 22 February 1836 Succeeded by Adolphe Thiers French nobility Preceded by Victor-François, 2nd duc de Broglie duc de Broglie 1804–1870 Succeeded by Albert, 4th duc de Broglie Cultural offices Preceded by Louis de Beaupoil, Comte de Sainte-Aulaire Seat 24 Académie française 1855–1870 Succeeded by Prosper Duvergier de Hauranne v t e Académie française seat 24 Jean de Silhon (1634) Jean-Baptiste Colbert (1667) Jean de La Fontaine (1684) Jules de Clérambault (1695) Guillaume Massieu (1714) Claude-François-Alexandre Houtteville (1722) Pierre de Marivaux (1742) Claude-François Lysarde de Radonvilliers (1763) Constantin François de Chassebœuf, comte de Volney (1803) Claude-Emmanuel de Pastoret (1820) Louis de Beaupoil, Comte de Sainte-Aulaire (1841) Victor, 3rd duc de Broglie (1855) Prosper Duvergier de Hauranne (1870) Armand Prudhomme (1881) Henri Poincaré (1908) Alfred Capus (1914) Édouard Estaunié (1923) Louis-Pasteur Vallery-Radot (1944) Étienne Wolff (1971) Jean-François Revel (1997) Max Gallo (2007) François Sureau (2020) v t e Dukes of Broglie François-Marie (1742) Victor-François (1745) Achille-Léonce-Victor-Charles (1804) Jacques-Victor-Albert (1870) Louis-Alphonse-Victor (1901) Louis-César-Victor-Maurice (1906) Louis-Victor-Pierre-Raymond (1960) Victor-François Marie Léon (1987) Philippe-Maurice (2012) v t e First ministry of Louis-Philippe (11 August 1830 to 2 November 1830) Head of state: King Louis Philippe I Interior François Guizot Justice Jacques-Charles Dupont de l'Eure Foreign Affairs Louis-Mathieu Molé War Étienne Maurice Gérard Finance Joseph Dominique, baron Louis Navy and Colonies Horace François Sébastiani Public Education, Religious Affairs Victor de Broglie Ministers without portfolio Casimir Pierre Périer Jacques Laffitte André Marie Jean Jacques Dupin Louis Pierre Édouard, Baron Bignon v t e First cabinet of Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult (11 October 1832 to 18 July 1834) Head of state: King Louis Philippe I President of the council Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult War Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult Interior Adolphe Thiers Antoine Maurice Apollinaire d'Argout Adolphe Thiers Justice Félix Barthe Jean-Charles Persil Foreign Affairs Victor de Broglie Henri de Rigny Finance Georges Humann Navy and Colonies Henri de Rigny Albin Roussin Louis Léon Jacob Public Education and Religious Affairs François Guizot Commerce and Public Works Antoine d'Argout Adolphe Thiers Commerce Tanneguy Duchâtel v t e Cabinet of Victor de Broglie (12 March 1835 to 22 February 1836) Head of state: King Louis Philippe I President of the council Victor de Broglie Victor de Broglie Foreign Affairs Victor de Broglie Interior Adolphe Thiers Adrien de Gasparin (Sub-Secretary of State) Justice Jean-Charles Persil War Henri de Rigny (interim) Nicolas Joseph Maison Finance Georges Humann Antoine Maurice Apollinaire d'Argout Navy and Colonies Guy-Victor Duperré Public Education François Guizot Commerce Tanneguy Duchâtel v t e Foreign Ministers of France Ancien Régime Revol Villeroy A. J. Richelieu Sillery R. Phélypeaux Bouthillier Chavigny Brienne Lionne Pomponne Croissy Torcy Huxelles Dubois Morville Chauvelin Chaillou Noailles Argenson Puisieulx Saint-Contest Rouillé Bernis E. Choiseul C. Choiseul E. Choiseul L. Phélypeaux Aiguillon Bertin Vergennes Montmorin Vauguyon Montmorin Lessart Dumouriez Naillac Chambonas Dubouchage Sainte-Croix First Republic Lebrun-Tondu Deforgues Goujon Herman Delacroix Talleyrand Reinhard Talleyrand First Empire Talleyrand Champagny Bassano Caulaincourt First Restoration Laforest Talleyrand Hundred Days Caulaincourt Bignon Second Restoration Talleyrand A. E. Richelieu Dessolles Pasquier M. Montmorency Chateaubriand Damas La Ferronays Montmorency-Laval Portalis Polignac Mortemart July Monarchy Bignon Jourdan Molé Maison Sébastiani V. Broglie Rigny Bresson Rigny V. Broglie Thiers Molé Montebello Soult Thiers Guizot Second Republic Lamartine Bastide Bedeau Bastide Drouyn de Lhuys Tocqueville Rayneval La Hitte Drouyn de Lhuys Brénier Baroche Turgot Drouyn de Lhuys Second Empire Drouyn de Lhuys Walewski Baroche Thouvenel Drouyn de Lhuys La Valette Moustier La Valette La Tour Auvergne Daru Ollivier Gramont La Tour d'Auvergne Third Republic Favre Rémusat A. Broglie Decazes Banneville Waddington Freycinet Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire Gambetta Freycinet Duclerc Fallières Challemel-Lacour Ferry Freycinet Flourens Goblet Spuller Ribot Develle Casimir-Perier Hanotaux Berthelot Bourgeois Hanotaux Delcassé Rouvier Bourgeois Pichon Cruppi Selves Poincaré Jonnart Pichon Doumergue Bourgeois Viviani Doumergue Delcassé Viviani Briand Ribot Barthou Pichon Millerand Leygues Briand Poincaré Lefebvre Herriot Briand Herriot Briand Laval Tardieu Herriot Paul-Boncour Daladier Barthou Laval Flandin Delbos Paul-Boncour Bonnet Daladier Reynaud Daladier Reynaud Baudouin Vichy France Baudouin Laval Flandin Darlan Laval Provisional Government Bidault Blum Fourth Republic Bidault Schuman Bidault Mendès France Faure Pinay Pineau Pleven Couve de Murville Fifth Republic Couve de Murville Debré Schumann Bettencourt Jobert Sauvagnargues Guiringaud François-Poncet Cheysson Dumas Raimond Dumas Juppé Charette Védrine Villepin Barnier Douste-Blazy Kouchner Alliot-Marie Juppé Fabius Ayrault Le Drian v t e Heads of government of France Restoration Talleyrand Richelieu Dessolles Decazes Richelieu Villèle Martignac Polignac July Monarchy V. de Broglie Laffitte Perier Soult Gérard Maret Mortier V. de Broglie Thiers Molé Soult Thiers Soult Guizot Molé Second Republic Dupont de l'Eure Arago Cavaignac Barrot Hautpoul Faucher Second Empire Ollivier Cousin-Montauban Government of National Defense Trochu Third Republic Dufaure A. de Broglie Cissey Buffet Dufaure Simon A. de Broglie Rochebouët Dufaure Waddington Freycinet Ferry Gambetta Freycinet Duclerc Fallières Ferry Brisson Freycinet Goblet Rouvier Floquet Tirard Freycinet Loubet Ribot Dupuy Casimir-Perier Dupuy Ribot Bourgeois Méline Brisson Dupuy Waldeck-Rousseau Combes Rouvier Sarrien Clemenceau Briand Monis Caillaux Poincaré Briand Barthou Doumergue Ribot Viviani Briand Ribot Painlevé Clemenceau Millerand Leygues Briand Poincaré François-Marsal Herriot Painlevé Briand Herriot Poincaré Briand Tardieu Chautemps Tardieu Steeg Laval Tardieu Herriot Paul-Boncour Daladier Sarraut Chautemps Daladier Doumergue Flandin Bouisson Laval Sarraut Blum Chautemps Blum Daladier Reynaud Pétain Vichy France Pétain Laval Flandin Darlan Laval Provisional Government De Gaulle Gouin Bidault Blum Fourth Republic Ramadier Schuman Marie Schuman Queuille Bidault Queuille Pleven Queuille Pleven Faure Pinay Mayer Laniel Mendès France Faure Mollet Bourgès-Maunoury Gaillard Pflimlin De Gaulle Fifth Republic De Gaulle Debré Pompidou Couve de Murville Chaban-Delmas Messmer Chirac Barre Mauroy Fabius Chirac Rocard Cresson Bérégovoy Balladur Juppé Jospin Raffarin Villepin Fillon Ayrault Valls Cazeneuve Philippe Castex Authority control BNE: XX1692085 BNF: cb12881688m (data) CANTIC: a11280372 GND: 116562463 ISNI: 0000 0001 2283 4231 LCCN: n87869176 NLA: 45320130 NLI: 001415363 NTA: 070703132 PLWABN: 9810645137105606 RERO: 02-A014077466 SELIBR: 285752 SNAC: w6x195kn SUDOC: 06178186X Trove: 1471097 VcBA: 495/13527 VIAF: 100176986 WorldCat Identities: lccn-n87869176 Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Victor_de_Broglie_(1785–1870)&oldid=996085116" Categories: 1785 births 1870 deaths Politicians from Paris Dukes of Broglie House of Broglie Orléanists Prime Ministers of France Government ministers of France Members of the Chamber of Peers of the Bourbon Restoration Members of the Chamber of Peers of the July Monarchy Members of the National Legislative Assembly of the French Second Republic 19th-century French diplomats Coppet group Grand Croix of the Légion d'honneur Members of the Académie des sciences morales et politiques Members of the Académie Française French interior ministers French Foreign Ministers Hidden categories: All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from July 2012 All articles with incomplete citations Articles with incomplete citations from January 2019 Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from EB9 Wikipedia articles 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