Sylvain Maréchal - Wikipedia Sylvain Maréchal From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Sylvain Maréchal French literature by category French literary history Medieval Renaissance 17th 18th 19th 20th century Contemporary French writers Chronological list Writers by category Essayists Novelists Playwrights Poets Short story writers Children's writers Portals France Literature v t e Sylvain Maréchal (15 August 1750 – 18 January 1803) was a French essayist, poet, philosopher and political theorist, whose views presaged utopian socialism and communism.[1] His views on a future golden age are occasionally described as utopian anarchism. He was editor of the newspaper Révolutions de Paris. Part of a series on Socialism Development Age of the Enlightenment French Revolution History of socialism Revolutions of 1848 Socialist calculation debate Socialist economics Ideas Calculation in kind Collective ownership Cooperative Common ownership Commune (model of government) Economic democracy Economic planning Equal liberty Equal opportunity Free association Freed market Industrial democracy Input–output model Internationalism Labor-time calculation Labour voucher Material balance planning Peer‑to‑peer economics Production for use Sharing economy Social dividend Social ownership Socialism in one country Socialist mode of production To each according to his contribution/needs Workers' self-management Workplace democracy Models Communalism Participatory economics Democratic confederalism Market economy Market socialism Lange model Mutualism Socialist market economy Socialist-oriented market Planned economy Decentralized planning Inclusive Democracy OGAS Project Cybersyn Soviet-type Social ecology Variants 21st-century African Arab Agrarian Anarchism Authoritarian Blanquism Chinese Communism Democratic Ethical Ecological Feminist Fourierism Free-market Gandhian Guild Laissez-faire Liberal Libertarian Marhaenism Marxism Municipal Nationalist Owenism Reformism Religious Revolutionary Ricardian Saint-Simonianism Scientific Social democracy State Syndicalism Third World Utopian Zionist By country Argentina Australia Bangladesh Brazil Canada China Communist China Nationalist China Estonia Greece Hong Kong India Iran Italy Netherlands New Zealand Pakistan Sri Lanka Tunisia United Kingdom United States Vietnam Yugoslavia People More Hall Saint-Simon Babeuf Owen Fourier Thompson Hodgskin Cabet Enfantin Proudhon Blanc Herzen Bakunin Marx Barmby Engels Lavrov Lassalle Morris Jones Kropotkin Bernstein Malatesta Kautsky Taylor Plekhanov Jaurès Dewey Barone Du Bois Goldman Lenin Luxemburg Blum Russell Pannekoek Recabarren Einstein Trotsky Keller Attlee Tawney Neurath Polanyi Makhno Bordiga Debs Cole Ho Tito Mao Nagy Pertini Gerhardsen Orwell Douglas Senghor Erlander Allende Hoxha Kreisky Mitterrand Nasser Mandela Crosland Bookchin Dubček Zinn Castoriadis Thompson Manley Castro Che Chomsky King Craxi Laclau Sanders Mouffe Ali Öcalan Žižek Corbyn Layton West Hedges Varoufakis Organizations First International Second International Third International Fourth International Fifth International Labour and Socialist International Socialist International World Federation of Democratic Youth International Union of Socialist Youth World Socialist Movement International Committee of the Fourth International Progressive Alliance Related topics Anarchism Capitalism Communist society Criticism of capitalism Criticism of socialism Economic calculation problem Economic system French Left Left-libertarianism Libertarianism List of socialists List of socialist economists Marxist philosophy Nanosocialism Progressivism Socialism and LGBT rights Socialist calculation debate Socialist Party Socialist state Types of socialism  Economics portal  Politics portal  Socialism portal v t e Contents 1 Early life 2 Vision 3 Atheist ideology 4 Revolution 5 Works 5.1 Works in English translation 6 See also 7 References 8 External links Early life[edit] Born in Paris as the son of a wine merchant, he studied jurisprudence and became a lawyer in the capital. At the age of 20, he published Bergeries, a collection of idylls, successful enough to ensure his employment at the Collège Mazirin as an aide-librarian. Maréchal was an admirer of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Voltaire, Claude Adrien Helvétius, and Denis Diderot, and associated with deist and atheist authors. Vision[edit] He developed his own views of an agrarian socialism where all goods would be shared. In Fragments d'un poème moral sur Dieu ("Fragments of a Moral Poem on God"), he aimed to replace elements of practiced religion with a cult of Virtue and faith with Reason (see Cult of Reason). His critique of both religion and political absolutism (Livre échappé du déluge - "Book Salvaged from the Flood", a parody of the Bible) and his atheism caused him to lose his position at the College; Maréchal was forced to live off his literary output. In 1788, he was sentenced to four months in prison for publishing the Almanach des Honnêtes Gens ("Honest Man's Almanac"). The months were given names numbered one through twelve (for example, March is the first month, listed as "mars ou princeps", while February is "février ou duodécembre". The calendar also replaced the usual figures of a calendars of saints with famous characters (such as Blaise Pascal). Later editions of the Almanach used the French Republican Calendar.[2] [3] [4] From this moment, on until his death, he published anonymously - to prevent further prosecutions. Atheist ideology[edit] During Maréchal's lifetime, atheism was consistently frowned upon by the highly religious people of France. Living in a traditionalist Christian country, he would often write about his thoughts on the church, often critical of the doctrines and beliefs held by the Christians of his time. In his 1799 essay, Preliminary discourse, or Answer to the question: What is an atheist?, Sylvain Maréchal proclaimed that he had no more need of a god than god needed him.[5] He outright rejected the idea of masters ruling his life, and that included the will of any god. For him, to believe in God is to submit to hierarchy. Revolution[edit] An enthusiastic supporter of the French Revolution, Maréchal also advocated the defense of the poor. He did not become involved in the conflict opposing Girondists and Jacobins, and became instead worried about the outcome of revolutionary events, especially after the Thermidorian Reaction and the establishment of the French Directory. The encounter between him and François-Noël Babeuf (Gracchus Babeuf) and involvement in the latter's conspiracy was to find in Maréchal an early influence on utopian socialism, as evidenced by the manifesto he wrote in support of Babeuf's goals - Manifeste des Egaux (first issued in 1796). His later works include an 1801 Projet de loi portant défense d'apprendre à lire aux femmes ("Bill Defending the Teaching of Reading Skills to Women"), which relates to subject matter of women's studies and egalitarianism, as well as a Dictionnaire des Athées anciens et modernes ("Dictionary of Ancient and Modern Atheists"). He died at Montrouge in 1803. Works[edit] Bergeries (1770) Chansons anacréontiques (1770) Essais de poésies légères suivis d'un songe (1775) Fragments d'un poème moral sur Dieu (1780) Dieu et les prêtres Fragments d'un poème philosophique (1781) L'Âge d'Or (1782) Livre échappé du déluge (1784) Almanach des Honnêtes Gens (1788) Apologues modernes, à l'usage d'un dauphin (1788) Dame Nature à la barre de l'Assemblée nationale (1791) Jugement dernier des rois (théâtre, 1793) Manifeste des Égaux (1801) Pensées libres sur les prêtres (1798) Le Lucrèce Français (1798) Culte et lois d'une société d'hommes sans Dieu (1798) Les Voyages de Pythagore (1799) Dictionnaire des Athées anciens et modernes (1800) Pour et contre la Bible (1801). Costumes civils de tous les peuples connus (1788) Works in English translation[edit] The Woman Priest: A Translation of Sylvain Marechal's Novella, "La femme abbe" , translated by Sheila Delany, 2016, University of Alberta Press.[6] See also[edit] Poetry portal Anarchism portal Religion portal Society of the Friends of Truth History of Socialism References[edit] ^ Hunt, Lynn (2013-07-04). "Family Romance of the French Revolution". doi:10.4324/9781315003306. Cite journal requires |journal= (help) ^ Google books: Archives ^ Literary works ^ Almanach des honnêtes gens, pour l'année M.DCCCI. ^ Preliminary discourse, or Answer to the question: What is an atheist? ^ The Woman Priest: A Translation of Sylvain Marechal's Novella, La femme abbe. External links[edit] Sylvain Maréchal's essays translated in English at Marxist Internet Archive Sylvain Maréchal on data.bnf.fr Works by Sylvain Maréchal at Project Gutenberg Works by or about Sylvain Maréchal at Internet Archive Archive of Pierre Sylvain Maréchal Papers at the International Institute of Social History v t e Anarcho-communism Concepts Anarchy Anti-authoritarianism Anti-capitalism Anti-statism Class consciousness Class struggle Classless society Common ownership Common resources Commons Commune Commune (model of government) Consensus democracy Co-operative economics Decentralized planning Direct democracy Egalitarian community Free association "From each according to his ability, to each according to his need" Give-away shop General strike Gift economy Market abolitionism Mutual aid Prefigurative politics Primitive communism Proletarian internationalism Stateless communism Stateless society Workers control Workers cooperative Workers council Wage slavery People Alexander Berkman Murray Bookchin Carlo Cafiero Emilio Covelli Joseph Déjacque Buenaventura Durruti Sébastien Faure Luigi Galleani Emma Goldman Peter Kropotkin Ricardo Flores Magón Nestor Makhno Errico Malatesta Albert Meltzer Volin Organizational forms Insurrectionary anarchism Platformism Synthesis federations Theoretical works Anarchism and Other Essays The Conquest of Bread Fields, Factories and Workshops Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution Now and After Post-Scarcity Anarchism The Right to Be Greedy Related topics Anarchism Autonomism Communization Council communism Left communism Libertarian Marxism Libertarian socialism Social anarchism Anarchism Communism Socialism Authority control BNE: XX1355130 BNF: cb11914490x (data) CANTIC: a1108652x GND: 120753723 ISNI: 0000 0001 0895 5096 LCCN: n85086193 NKC: ola2008487909 NLG: 137627 NTA: 070727481 PLWABN: 9810600792505606 SUDOC: 027008797 Trove: 1226529 VcBA: 495/97161 VIAF: 46764568 WorldCat Identities: lccn-n85086193 Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sylvain_Maréchal&oldid=993263867" Categories: 18th-century atheists 18th-century male writers 18th-century French poets 18th-century French dramatists and playwrights French opera librettists French philosophers French atheists Atheist philosophers Enlightenment philosophers French lawyers French erotica writers Newspaper editors of the French Revolution People involved in Gracchus Babeuf's Conspiracy of Equals French male essayists Writers from Paris 1750 births 1803 deaths 18th-century essayists 19th-century atheists Hidden categories: CS1 errors: missing periodical Articles with Project Gutenberg links Articles with Internet Archive links Wikipedia articles with BNE identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with NKC identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLG identifiers Wikipedia articles with NTA identifiers Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers Wikipedia articles with VcBA identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item Print/export Download as PDF Printable version In other projects Wikimedia Commons Languages Azərbaycanca Català Čeština Deutsch Ελληνικά Español Français Հայերեն Bahasa Indonesia Italiano Қазақша مصرى Polski Português Русский Slovenčina Svenska Türkçe Edit links This page was last edited on 9 December 2020, at 17:59 (UTC). 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