María Zambrano - Wikipedia María Zambrano From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Zambrano and the second or maternal family name is Alarcón. María Zambrano Born María Zambrano Alarcón (1904-04-22)22 April 1904 Vélez-Málaga (Málaga), Spain Died 6 February 1991(1991-02-06) (aged 86) Madrid, Spain Nationality Spanish Notable work El hombre y lo divino [Man and the divine], La Confesión [The Confession] Awards Príncipe de Asturias Award Cervantes Prize Main interests poetry, mysticism, nihilism, religion, the human Notable ideas poetical reason Influences Ortega y Gasset, Heidegger, Spinoza, Nietzsche, Edith Stein, Tao Influenced Clara Janés, Eugenio Trías, Jesús Moreno Sanz Signature María Zambrano Alarcón (22 April 1904, in Vélez-Málaga – 6 February 1991, in Madrid) was a Spanish essayist and philosopher associated with the Generation of '36 movement. Her extensive work between the civic engagement and the poetic reflection started to be recognised in Spain over the last quarter of the XX century after living many years in exile. She was awarded the Prince of Asturias Award (1981) and the Miguel de Cervantes Prize (1988). Contents 1 Biography 2 Recognition 3 Philosophy 3.1 Politics 4 Bibliography 5 Sources 6 External links Biography[edit] María Zambrano Alarcón was born on 22 April 1904 in Vélez-Málaga, Spain, daughter of Blas José Zambrano García de Carabante, friend and collaborator of Antonio Machado, and Araceli Alarcón Delgado. In 1905, the family moved to Madrid and a year afterwards to Segovia, where her father obtained a job as Spanish Grammar professor. She spent there her teenage years. Zambrano studied under and was influenced by José Ortega y Gasset and went on to teach metaphysics at Madrid University and at the Instituto Cervantes from 1931 to 1936. During the 20s and 30s, she actively campaigned for the establishment of the Spanish Second Republic. However, after Spain became a Republic again, disillusioned with the realities of party politics, she declined the possibility of becoming an MP and refused further participation in party politics. Nevertheless, with the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War in 1936, she openly sided with the Republic and consequently went into exile after its defeat in 1939. After living in France, Mexico, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Italy, France again and Switzerland, Zambrano finally returned to Madrid in 1984 after the death of Franco. Recognition[edit] Respected by her peers, she maintained contact with Italian intellectuals as well as her compatriots Rafael Alberti and Jorge Guillén. A slow process of recognition of her work commenced in Spain in 1966 with the publication of J. L. Aranguren's article "Los sueños de María Zambrano" (The Dreams of María Zambrano) in the important cultural and scientific Revista de Occidente, founded by Ortega y Gasset, a review to which leading contemporary philosophers such as Bertrand Russell and Edmund Husserl contributed. In 1981 she was awarded the Prince of Asturias Award for Communications and Humanities in its first edition, and in 1983 Malaga University named her Doctor honoris causa. In 1988 she became the first woman to be awarded the Miguel de Cervantes Prize. María querida (Dearest Maria), a film directed by José Luis García Sánchez in 2004, is about her life. In December 2007, when the Madrid-Málaga high-speed rail line was opened, railway company RENFE renamed Málaga railway station María Zambrano. Likewise, the central library of her alma mater, the Complutense University of Madrid was named after her. In 2017 the Segovia City Council unanimously approved to declare her an adopted daughter of the city. Philosophy[edit] For Zambrano, there are two main attitudes towards life: the philosophical and the poetic. Philosophy starts with the divine: daily things are explained with recourse to the gods, until someone ask himself: what are things? Thus, the philosophical attitude emerges when human beings wonder, i.e. because of ignorance. The poetic attitude is the answer, the calmness in which we explore the answers to everything, moved not by wonder born from ignorance, but by our human interest and desire to know, to understand, to share, to express. Her philosophical attitude is conveyed by means of an unusual language and a creative expression of her way of thinking. It determines her literary style and is the basis for what she named her "method". Politics[edit] In all Zambrano's work there is a political spirit manifested in very different ways in her thinking. Her political action was more direct in the preceding years of the establishment of the Second Republic and, without doubts, in the Civil War. Nonetheless, she refused to take part in any political party and thus rejected a seat in the General Courts offered by Jimenez de Asua. Although she opted to go on with her philosophical vocation, she did not give up on politics, and which she engaged from the core of thought itself. She explained in her first book "Horizonte del liberalismo"(1930), that "politics are done always when it is thought to direct life" and that is precisely what she aspired to achieve by means of her poetic activity, criticism of fascist movements, the discursive reason, and rationalism. Bibliography[edit] Library resources about María Zambrano Resources in your library Resources in other libraries By María Zambrano Resources in your library Resources in other libraries Selected primary literature: Horizonte del liberalismo (Horizon of Liberalism) (1930). Hacia un saber del alma (1934). Filosofía y poesía (Philosophy and Poetry) (1940). La agonía de Europa (The Agony of Europe) (1945). Hacia un saber sobre al alma (Towards a Knowledge of the Soul) (1950). El hombre y lo divino (Man and the Divine) (1955). Persona y democracia (Person and Democracy) (1959). España, sueño y verdad (Spain, dream and truth) (1965). La tumba de Antígona (Antigone's Tomb) (1967). Claros del bosque (1977). De la aurora (1986). El reposo de la luz (1986). Para una historia de la piedad (Towards a history of charity) (1989). Delirio y destino (written in 1953; published in 1989), translated by Carol Maier, with a commentary by Roberta Johnson, Delirium and Destiny: A Spaniard in Her Twenties (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1999). Unamuno (written in 1940; published in 2003). Cartas de la Pièce. Correspondencia con Agustín Andreu (2002). Islas (Islands) (Ed. Jorge Luis Arcos) (2007). Secondary literature: Bush, Andrew. "María Zambrano and the Survival of Antigone," diacritics 34 (3–4) (2004): 90–111. Caballero, Beatriz. "La centralidad del concepto de delirio en el pensamiento de María Zambrano," Arizona Journal of Hispanic Cultural Studies (12) (2008): 89–106. Caballero Rodríguez, Beatriz. María Zambrano: A Life of Poetic Reason and Political Commitment. Cardiff: University of Wales Press (2017). Special Issue: María Zambrano In Dialogue. Journal of Spanish Cultural Studies 16. 4 Ros, Xon. The Cultural Legacy of María Zambrano. Cambridge: Legenda (2017). Sources[edit] Claire Buck (ed.), Bloomsbury Guide to Women's Literature (1992) Caballero Rodríguez, Beatriz, María Zambrano: A Life of Poetic Reason and Political Commitment (Wales University Press, 2017). External links[edit] Wikimedia Commons has media related to María Zambrano. Biographical chronology in Spanish. Extensive bibliography in Spanish. Philosophy and Poetry translation v t e Laureates of the Miguel de Cervantes Prize 1970s 1976: Jorge Guillén 1977: Alejo Carpentier 1978: Dámaso Alonso 1979: Jorge Luis Borges and Gerardo Diego 1980s 1980: Juan Carlos Onetti 1981: Octavio Paz 1982: Luis Rosales 1983: Rafael Alberti 1984: Ernesto Sabato 1985: Gonzalo Torrente Ballester 1986: Antonio Buero Vallejo 1987: Carlos Fuentes 1988: María Zambrano 1989: Augusto Roa Bastos 1990s 1990: Adolfo Bioy Casares 1991: Francisco Ayala 1992: Dulce María Loynaz 1993: Miguel Delibes 1994: Mario Vargas Llosa 1995: Camilo José Cela 1996: José García Nieto 1997: Guillermo Cabrera Infante 1998: José Hierro 1999: Jorge Edwards 2000s 2000: Francisco Umbral 2001: Álvaro Mutis 2002: José Jiménez Lozano 2003: Gonzalo Rojas 2004: Rafael Sánchez Ferlosio 2005: Sergio Pitol 2006: Antonio Gamoneda 2007: Juan Gelman 2008: Juan Marsé 2009: José Emilio Pacheco 2010s 2010: Ana María Matute 2011: Nicanor Parra 2012: José Manuel Caballero Bonald 2013: Elena Poniatowska 2014: Juan Goytisolo 2015: Fernando del Paso 2016: Eduardo Mendoza 2017: Sergio Ramírez 2018: Ida Vitale 2019: Joan Margarit 2020s 2020: Francisco Brines v t e Laureates of the Prince or Princess of Asturias Award for Communication and Humanities Prince of Asturias Award for Communication and Humanities 1980s 1981: María Zambrano 1982: Mario Bunge 1983: El País newspaper 1984: Claudio Sánchez-Albornoz 1985: José Ferrater Mora 1986: Grupo Globo 1987: El Espectador and El Tiempo newspapers 1988: Horacio Sáenz Guerrero 1989: Pedro Laín Entralgo and Fondo de Cultura Económica 1990s 1990: José Simeón Cañas Central American University 1991: Luis María Anson 1992: Emilio García Gómez 1993: Vuelta magazine by Octavio Paz 1994: Spanish Missions in Rwanda and Burundi 1995: EFE Agency and José Luis López Aranguren 1996: Indro Montanelli and Julián Marías 1997: Václav Havel and CNN 1998: Reinhard Mohn 1999: Caro and Cuervo Institute 2000s 2000: Umberto Eco 2001: George Steiner 2002: Hans Magnus Enzensberger 2003: Ryszard Kapuściński and Gustavo Gutiérrez Merino 2004: Jean Daniel 2005: Alliance Française, Società Dante Alighieri, British Council, Goethe-Institut, Instituto Cervantes and Instituto Camões 2006: National Geographic Society 2007: Nature and Science journals 2008: Google 2009: National Autonomous University of Mexico 2010s 2010: Alain Touraine and Zygmunt Bauman 2011: Royal Society 2012: Shigeru Miyamoto 2013: Annie Leibovitz 2014: Quino Princess of Asturias Award for Communication and Humanities 2010s 2015: Emilio Lledó Íñigo 2016: James Nachtwey 2017: Les Luthiers 2018: Alma Guillermoprieto 2019: Museo del Prado 2020s 2020: Guadalajara International Book Fair and Hay Festival of Literature & Arts Authority control BIBSYS: 90053610 BNE: XX1138486 BNF: cb12038401f (data) CANTIC: a1018028x CiNii: DA05135313 GND: 11922299X ISNI: 0000 0001 0928 6920 LCCN: n83013002 NKC: kup19970000113602 NLP: A18005573 NTA: 073738573 PLWABN: 9810666675305606 SUDOC: 028575857 VcBA: 495/322748 VIAF: 100237745 WorldCat Identities: lccn-n83013002 Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=María_Zambrano&oldid=998544061" Categories: 1904 births 1991 deaths People from Vélez-Málaga Premio Cervantes winners 20th-century Spanish philosophers Spanish women writers Spanish essayists Spanish people of the Spanish Civil War (Republican faction) Exiles of the Spanish Civil War in France Spanish women philosophers Spanish women essayists 20th-century women writers Exiles of the Spanish Civil War in Switzerland Exiles of the Spanish Civil War in Cuba Exiles of the Spanish Civil War in the United States 20th-century essayists Spanish women of the Spanish Civil War (Republican faction) Hidden categories: Use dmy dates from January 2021 Biography with signature Articles with hCards Commons category link from Wikidata Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNE identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia 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