Wilhelm von Humboldt - Wikipedia Wilhelm von Humboldt From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search German (Prussian) philosopher, government functionary, diplomat, and founder of the University of Berlin (1767-1835) Wilhelm von Humboldt Portrait by Thomas Lawrence Born (1767-06-22)22 June 1767 Potsdam, Prussia Died 8 April 1835(1835-04-08) (aged 67) Tegel, Prussia Nationality Prussian Education University of Frankfurt (Oder) (no degree) University of Göttingen (no degree) Spouse(s) Caroline von Dacheröden Era 19th-century philosophy Region Western philosophy School Berlin Romanticism[1] Romantic linguistics[2] Classical liberalism Institutions University of Berlin Main interests Philosophy of language Notable ideas Language as a rule-governed system Humboldtian model of higher education Influences Immanuel Kant, J. G. Fichte,[3] Christian Jakob Kraus,[4] Johann Gottfried Herder[4][5] Influenced August Schleicher, Valentin Voloshinov, Alexander Potebnja, Joxe Azurmendi, John Stuart Mill, Noam Chomsky, Ernst Cassirer Signature Friedrich Wilhelm Christian Karl Ferdinand von Humboldt (/ˈhʌmboʊlt/,[6] also US: /ˈhʊmboʊlt/,[7] UK: /ˈhʌmbɒlt/;[8] German: [ˈvɪlhɛlm fɔn ˈhʊmbɔlt];[9][10][11] 22 June 1767 – 8 April 1835) was a Prussian philosopher, linguist, government functionary, diplomat, and founder of the Humboldt University of Berlin, which was named after him in 1949 (and also after his younger brother, Alexander von Humboldt, a naturalist). He is especially remembered as a linguist who made important contributions to the philosophy of language, ethnolinguistics and to the theory and practice of education. He made a major contribution to the development of liberalism by envisioning education as a means of realizing individual possibility rather than a way of drilling traditional ideas into youth to suit them for an already established occupation or social role.[12] In particular, he was the architect of the Humboldtian education ideal, which was used from the beginning in Prussia as a model for its system of public education, as well as in the United States and Japan. Contents 1 Biography 2 Philosopher 3 Educational reforms 4 Diplomat 5 Linguist 6 Bibliography 6.1 Collected writings 7 See also 8 References 9 Further reading 9.1 In other languages 10 External links Biography[edit] Humboldt was born in Potsdam, Margraviate of Brandenburg, and died in Tegel, Province of Brandenburg. In June 1791, he married Caroline von Dacheröden. They had eight children, of whom five (amongst them Gabriele von Humboldt) survived to adulthood.[13] Philosopher[edit] Part of a series on Liberalism History Age of Enlightenment List of liberal theorists (contributions to liberal theory) Ideas Civil and political rights Cultural liberalism Democracy Democratic capitalism Economic freedom Economic liberalism Egalitarianism Free market Free trade Freedom of the press Freedom of religion Freedom of speech Gender equality Harm principle Internationalism Laissez-faire Liberty Market economy Natural and legal rights Negative/positive liberty Non-aggression Principle Open society Permissive society Private property Rule of law Secularism Separation of church and state Social contract Welfare state Schools of thought Anarcho-capitalism Classical liberalism Radical liberalism Left-libertarianism Geolibertarianism Right-libertarianism Conservative liberalism Democratic liberalism Green liberalism Liberal autocracy Liberal Catholicism Liberal conservatism Liberal feminism Equity feminism Liberal internationalism Liberal nationalism Liberal socialism Social democracy Muscular liberalism Neoliberalism National liberalism Ordoliberalism Radical centrism Religious liberalism Christian Islamic Jewish Secular liberalism Social liberalism Technoliberalism Third Way Whiggism People Acton Alain Alberdi Alembert Arnold Aron Badawi Barante Bastiat Bentham Berlin Beveridge Bobbio Brentano Bright Broglie Burke Čapek Cassirer Chicherin Chu Chydenius Clinton Cobden Collingdood Condorcet Constant Croce Cuoco Dahrendorf Decy Dewey Dickens Diderot Dongsun Dunoyer Dworkin Einaudi Emerson Eötvös Flach Friedman Galbraith Garrison George Gladstone Gobetti Gomes Gray Green Gu Guizot Hayek Herbert Hobbes Hobhouse Hobson Holbach Hu Humboldt Jefferson Jubani Kant Kelsen Kemal Keynes Korais Korwin-Mikke Kymlicka Lamartine Larra Lecky Li Lincoln Locke Lufti Macaulay Madariaga Madison Martineau Masani Michelet Mill (father) Mill (son) Milton Mises Molteno Mommsen Money Montalembert Montesquieu Mora Mouffe Naoroji Naumann Nozick Nussbaum Obama Ohlin Ortega Paine Paton Popper Price Priestley Prieto Quesnay Qin Ramírez Rathenau Rawls Raz Renan Renouvier Renzi Ricardo Röpke Rorthy Rosmini Rosselli Rousseau Ruggiero Sarmiento Say Sen Earl of Shaftesbury Shklar Sidney Sieyès Şinasi Sismondi Smith Soto Polar Spencer Spinoza Staël Sumner Tahtawi Tao Thierry Thorbecke Thoreau Tocqueville Tracy Troeltsch Turgot Villemain Voltaire Ward Weber Wollstonecraft Zambrano Organizations Africa Liberal Network Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party Arab Liberal Federation Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats European Democratic Party European Liberal Youth European Party for Individual Liberty International Alliance of Libertarian Parties International Federation of Liberal Youth Liberal International Liberal Network for Latin America Liberal parties Liberal South East European Network Regional variants Europe Latin America Albania Armenia Australia Austria Belgium Bolivia Brazil Bulgaria Canada China Chile Colombia Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech lands Denmark Ecuador Egypt Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Honduras Hong Kong Hungary Iceland India Iran Israel Italy Japan Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Macedonia Mexico Moldova Montenegro Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Nigeria Norway Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Romania Russia Senegal Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain South Africa South Korea Sweden Switzerland Thailand Tunisia Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom United States Arizona School Classical Modern Uruguay Venezuela Zimbabwe Related topics Bias in academia Bias in the media  Liberalism portal  Politics portal v t e Humboldt was a philosopher; he wrote The Limits of State Action in 1791–1792 (though it was not published until 1850, after Humboldt's death), one of the boldest defences of the liberties of the Enlightenment. It influenced John Stuart Mill's essay On Liberty through which von Humboldt's ideas became known in the English-speaking world. Humboldt outlined an early version of what Mill would later call the "harm principle". His house in Rome became a cultural hub, run by Caroline von Humboldt. The section dealing with education was published in the December 1792 issue of the Berlinische Monatsschrift under the title "On public state education". With this publication, Humboldt took part in the philosophical debate regarding the direction of national education that was in progress in Germany, as elsewhere, after the French Revolution. Educational reforms[edit] Bust of Wilhelm von Humboldt by Bertel Thorvaldsen, 1808 Humboldt had been home schooled and never finished his comparably short university studies at the universities of Frankfurt (Oder) and Göttingen. Nevertheless, he became one of the most influential officials in German education. Actually, Humboldt had intended to become Minister of education, but failed to attain that position. The Prussian King asked him to leave Rome in 1809 and to lead the directorate of education under Friedrich Ferdinand Alexander zu Dohna-Schlobitten. Humboldt did not reply to the appointment for several weeks and would have preferred to stay on at the embassy in Rome. His wife did not return with him to Prussia; the couple met again when Humboldt stepped down from the educational post and was appointed head of the Embassy in Vienna.[14] Humboldt installed a standardized system of public instruction, from basic schools till secondary education, and founded Berlin University. He imposed a standardization of state examinations and inspections and created a special department within the ministry to oversee and design curricula, textbooks and learning aids.[15] Humboldt's educational model went beyond vocational training. In a letter to the Prussian king, he wrote: "There are undeniably certain kinds of knowledge that must be of a general nature and, more importantly, a certain cultivation of the mind and character that nobody can afford to be without. People obviously cannot be good craftworkers, merchants, soldiers or businessmen unless, regardless of their occupation, they are good, upstanding and – according to their condition – well-informed human beings and citizens. If this basis is laid through schooling, vocational skills are easily acquired later on, and a person is always free to move from one occupation to another, as so often happens in life."[16] The philosopher Julian Nida-Rümelin has criticized discrepancies between Humboldt's ideals and modern European education policy, which narrowly understands education as a preparation for the labor market, and argued that we need to decide between McKinsey and Humboldt.[17][18] Diplomat[edit] As a successful diplomat between 1802 and 1819, Humboldt was plenipotentiary Prussian minister at Rome from 1802, ambassador at Vienna from 1812 during the closing struggles of the Napoleonic Wars, at the congress of Prague (1813) where he was instrumental in drawing Austria to ally with Prussia and Russia against Napoleon; a signer of the peace treaty at Paris and the treaty between Prussia and defeated Saxony (1815), and at the congress at Aachen in 1818. However, the increasingly reactionary policy of the Prussian government made him give up political life in 1819; and from that time forward he devoted himself solely to literature and study.[19] Linguist[edit] Statue of Wilhelm von Humboldt outside Humboldt University, Unter den Linden, Berlin Wilhelm von Humboldt was an adept linguist and studied the Basque language. He translated Pindar and Aeschylus into German. Humboldt's work as a philologist in Basque has had more extensive impact than his other work. His visit to the Basque country resulted in Researches into the Early Inhabitants of Spain by the help of the Basque language (1821). In this work, Humboldt endeavored to show by examining geographical placenames that at one time a race or races speaking dialects allied to modern Basque extended throughout Spain, southern France and the Balearic Islands; he identified these people with the Iberians of classical writers, and further surmised that they had been allied with the Berbers of northern Africa. Humboldt's pioneering work has been superseded in its details by modern linguistics and archaeology, but is sometimes still uncritically followed even today. He was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1820,[20] and a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1822.[21] Humboldt died while preparing his greatest work, on the ancient Kawi language of Java, but its introduction was published in 1836 as The Heterogeneity of Language and its Influence on the Intellectual Development of Mankind.[22] His essay on the philosophy of speech ... first clearly laid down that the character and structure of a language expresses the inner life and knowledge of its speakers, and that languages must differ from one another in the same way and to the same degree as those who use them. Sounds do not become words until a meaning has been put into them, and this meaning embodies the thought of a community. What Humboldt terms the inner form of a language is just that mode of denoting the relations between the parts of a sentence which reflects the manner in which a particular body of men regards the world about them. It is the task of the morphology of speech to distinguish the various ways in which languages differ from each other as regards their inner form, and to classify and arrange them accordingly.[citation needed] Noam Chomsky frequently quotes Humboldt's description of language as a system which "makes infinite use of finite means", meaning that an infinite number of sentences can be created using a finite number of grammatical rules. Humboldt scholar Tilman Borsche, however, notes profound differences between von Humboldt's view of language and Chomsky's.[23] More recently, Humboldt has also been credited as an originator of the linguistic relativity hypothesis (more commonly known as the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis), developed by linguists Edward Sapir or Benjamin Whorf a century later.[24] The reception of Humboldt's work remains problematic in English-speaking countries, despite the work of Langham Brown, Manchester and James W. Underhill (Humboldt, Worldview & Language, 2009), on account of his concept of what he called Weltansicht, the linguistic worldview, with Weltanschauung being translated simply as 'worldview', a term associated with ideologies and cultural mindsets in both German and English. The centrality of distinction in understanding Humboldt's work was set out by one of the leading contemporary German Humboldt scholars, Jürgen Trabant, in his works in both German and French. Polish linguists at the Lublin School (see Jerzy Bartmiński), in their research of Humboldt, also stress this distinction between the worldviews of a personal or political kind and the worldview that is implicit in language as a conceptual system. However, little rigorous research in English has gone into exploring the relationship between the linguistic worldview and the transformation and maintenance of this worldview by individual speakers. One notable exception is the work of Underhill, who explores comparative linguistic studies in both Creating Worldviews: Language, Ideology & Metaphor (2011) and in Ethnolinguistics and Cultural Concepts: Truth, Love, Hate & War (2012). In Underhill's work, a distinction is made between five forms of worldview: world-perceiving, world-conceiving, cultural mindset, personal world and perspective, in order to convey the distinctions Humboldt was concerned with preserving in his ethnolinguistics. Probably the best-known linguist working with a truly Humboldtian perspective writing in English today is Anna Wierzbicka, who has published a number of comparative works on semantic universals and conceptual distinctions in language. The Rouen Ethnolinguistics Project, in France, published online a 7-hour series of lectures on Humboldt's thought on language, with the Berlin specialist Prof. Trabant.[25] In Charles Taylor's important summative work, The Language Animal: The Full Shape of the Human Linguistic Capacity, (Taylor, 2016)[26] von Humboldt is given credit, along with Johann Georg Hamann and Johann Gottfried Herder, for inspiring Taylor's "HHH" approach to the philosophy of language, emphasizing the creative power and cultural specificity of language. Bibliography[edit] Socrates and Plato on the Divine (orig. Sokrates und Platon über die Gottheit). 1787–1790 Humboldt. On the Limits of State Action, first seen in 1792. Ideen zu einem Versuch, die Grenzen der Wirksamkeit des Staates zu bestimmen, p. ii. Published by E. Trewendt, 1851 (German) Ueber den Geschlechtsunterschied. 1794 Ueber männliche und weibliche Form. 1795 Outline of a Comparative Anthropology (orig. Plan einer vergleichenden Anthropologie). 1797. The Eighteenth Century (orig. Das achtzehnte Jahrhundert). = 1797. Ästhetische Versuche I. – Ueber Göthes Herrmann und Dorothea. 1799. Latium und Hellas (1806) Geschichte des Verfalls und Untergangs der griechischen Freistaaten. 1807–1808. Pindars "Olympische Oden". Translation from Greek, 1816. Aischylos' "Agamemnon". Translation from Greek, 1816. Ueber das vergleichende Sprachstudium in Beziehung auf die verschiedenen Epochen der Sprachentwicklung. 1820. Ueber die Aufgabe des Geschichtsschreibers. 1821. Researches into the Early Inhabitants of Spain with the help of the Basque language (orig. Prüfung der Untersuchungen über die Urbewohner Hispaniens vermittelst der vaskischen Sprache). 1821. Ueber die Entstehung der grammatischen Formen und ihren Einfluss auf die Ideenentwicklung. 1822. Upon Writing and its Relation to Speech (orig. Ueber die Buchstabenschrift und ihren Zusammenhang mit dem Sprachbau). 1824. Notice sur la grammaire japonaise du P. Oyanguren (1826), a review of Melchor Oyanguren de Santa Inés's Japanese grammar, read online. Ueber die unter dem Namen Bhagavad-Gítá bekannte Episode des Mahá-Bhárata. 1826. Ueber den Dualis. 1827. On the languages of the South Seas (orig. Über die Sprache der Südseeinseln). 1828. On Schiller and the Path of Spiritual Development (orig. Ueber Schiller und den Gang seiner Geistesentwicklung). 1830. Rezension von Goethes Zweitem römischem Aufenthalt. 1830. The Heterogeneity of Language and its Influence on the Intellectual Development of Mankind (orig. Ueber die Verschiedenheit des menschlichen Sprachbaus und ihren Einfluss auf die geistige Entwicklung des Menschengeschlechts). 1836. New edition: On Language. On the Diversity of Human Language Construction and Its Influence on the Mental Development of the Human Species, Cambridge University Press, 2nd rev. edition 1999 Collected writings[edit] Humboldt, Wilhelm von. Gesammelte Schriften. Ausgabe der preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Vols. I–XVII, Berlin 1903–36. (Cited as GS; the Roman numeral indicates the volume and the Arabic figure the page; the original German spelling has been modernized.) See also[edit] Contributions to liberal theory Ferdinand de Saussure References[edit] ^ Helmut Thielicke, Modern Faith and Thought, William B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1990, p. 174. ^ Philip A. Luelsdorff, Jarmila Panevová, Petr Sgall (eds.), Praguiana, 1945–1990, John Benjamins Publishing, 1994, p. 150: "Humboldt himself (Humboldt was one of the leading spirits of romantic linguistics; he died in 1834) emphasized that speaking was permanent creation." ^ David Kenosian: "Fichtean Elements in Wilhelm von Humboldt's Philosophy of Language", in: Daniel Breazeale, Tom Rockmore (ed.), Fichte, German Idealism, and Early Romanticism, Rodopi, 2010, p. 357. ^ a b Jürgen Georg Backhaus (ed.), The University According to Humboldt: History, Policy, and Future Possibilities, Springer, 2015, p. 58. ^ Michael N. Forster, After Herder: Philosophy of Language in the German Tradition, Oxford University Press, 2010, p. 9. ^ "Humboldt". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Retrieved 11 July 2019. ^ "Humboldt". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved 11 July 2019. ^ "Humboldt, Alexander von". Lexico UK Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 11 July 2019. ^ "Wilhelm – Französisch-Übersetzung – Langenscheidt Deutsch-Französisch Wörterbuch" (in German and French). Langenscheidt. Retrieved 20 October 2018. ^ "Duden | von | Rechtschreibung, Bedeutung, Definition, Synonyme, Herkunft". Duden (in German). Retrieved 20 October 2018. ^ Wells, John C. (2008), Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.), Longman, ISBN 9781405881180 ^ Edmund Fawcett, Liberalism: The Life of an Idea (2nd ed. 2018) pp. 33–48 ^ Kurt Mueller-Vollmer "Wilhelm von Humboldt", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy ^ Manfred Geier: Die Brüder Humboldt. Reinbek bei Hamburg 2009, pp. 261 ff. ^ Clark, Christopher (2006). Iron Kingdom: The Rise and Downfall of Prussia. United States of America: Penguin Group. p. 332. ^ As quoted in Profiles of educators: Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767–1835) by Karl-Heinz Günther (1988), doi:10.1007/BF02192965 ^ Nida-Rümelin, Julian (29 October 2009). "Bologna-Prozess: Die Chance zum Kompromiss ist da". Die Zeit (in German). Retrieved 29 November 2015. ^ http://www.ibe.unesco.org/sites/default/files/humbolde.PDF ^ Gordon Craig, "Wilhelm von Humboldt as a diplomat", in Craig, Studies in International History (1967). ^ "American Antiquarian Society Members Directory". Elected 10/23/1816, Residence Paris, France. ^ "Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter H" (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 7 August 2014. ^ Muriel Mirak Weissbach (1999). "Wilhelm von Humboldt's Study of the Kawi Language: The Proof of the Existence of the Malayan-Polynesian Language Culture". Fidelio Magazine. VIII (1). Archived from the original on 12 July 2014. ^ see Tilman Borsche: Sprachansichten. Der Begriff der menschlichen Rede in der Sprachphilosophie Wilhelm von Humboldts, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta, 1981. ^ Deutscher, Guy (2010) Through the Language Glass. New York NY: Picador, ch. 6 ^ The Jurgen Trabant Wilhelm von Humboldt Lectures, launched by the Rouen University Ethnolinguistics Project. ^ Taylor, Charles (2016) The Language Animal: The Full Shape of the Human Linguistic Capacity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Further reading[edit] Craig, Gordon. "Wilhelm von Humboldt as a diplomat", in Craig, Studies in International History (1967). Forster, Michael N. German Philosophy of Language: From Schlegel to Hegel and Beyond, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2011. ISBN 978-0-19-960481-4. Doerig, Detmar (2008). "Humboldt, Wilhelm von (1767–1835)". In Hamowy, Ronald (ed.). The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE; Cato Institute. pp. 229–30. doi:10.4135/9781412965811.n141. ISBN 9781412965804. Mueller-Vollmer, Kurt, and Markus Messling. "Wilhelm von Humboldt." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2016). online Roberts, John. German Liberalism and Wilhelm Von Humboldt: A Reassessment, Mosaic Press, 2002 Sorkin, David. "Wilhelm Von Humboldt: The Theory and Practice of Self-Formation (Bildung), 1791–1810" Journal of the History of Ideas, 44#1 (1983), pp. 55–73. online Stubb, Elsina. Wilhelm Von Humboldt's Philosophy of Language, Its Sources and Influence, Edwin Mellen Press, 2002. Sweet, Paul R. (1971), "Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767-1835): His Legacy to the Historian", Centennial Review, 15 (1): 23–37, JSTOR 23737762 Sweet, Paul S. Wilhelm von Humboldt A Biography (2 vols., 1978–80, Ohio University Press). Underhill, James W. Humboldt, Worldview and Language, (Edinburgh University Press, 2009). Underhill, James W. Ethnolinguistics and Cultural Concepts: truth, love, hate & war (Cambridge University Press, 2012). In other languages[edit] Azurmendi, Joxe. Humboldt. Hizkuntza eta pentsamendua, Bilbo, UEU, 2007. ISBN 978-84-8438-099-3. Azurmendi, Joxe: Ein Denkmal der Achtung und Liebe. Humboldt über die baskische Landschaft, RIEV, 48–1: 125–42, Eusko Ikaskuntza, 2003 ISSN 0212-7016 Berman, Antoine. L'épreuve de l'étranger. Culture et traduction dans l'Allemagne romantique: Herder, Goethe, Schlegel, Novalis, Humboldt, Schleiermacher, Hölderlin, Paris, Gallimard, Essais, 1984. ISBN 978-2-07-070076-9. Borsche, Tilman. Wilhelm von Humboldt, München, Beck, 1990. ISBN 3-406-33218-8. Lalatta Costerbosa, Marina. Ragione e tradizione: il pensiero giuridico ed etico-politico di Wilhelm von Humboldt, Milano, Giuffrè, 2000. ISBN, 88-14-08219-7. Marra, Realino. La ragione e il caso. Il processo costituente nel realismo storico di Wilhelm von Humboldt, "Materiali per una storia della cultura giuridica", XXXII–2, 2002, pp. 453–64. Pajević, Marko/David Nowell Smith (eds.). "Thinking Language: Wilhelm von Humboldt Now" Special Issue of Forum for Modern Language Studies 53/1, 2017 Schultheis, Franz. Le cauchemar de Humboldt: les réformes de l'enseignement supérieur européen, Paris, Raisons d'agir éditions, 2008. ISBN 978-2-912107-40-4. Trabant, Jürgen. " Humboldt ou le sens du language ", Mardaga, 1995. Trabant, Jürgen. " Sprachsinn: le sens du langage, de la linguistique et de la philosophie du langage " in La pensée dans la langue. Humboldt et après, P.U.V., 1995. Trabant, Jürgen. " Traditions de Humboldt, Éditions de la Maison des Sciences de l'homme ", Paris, 1999. Trabant, Jürgen. " Quand l'Europe oublie Herder : Humboldt et les langues ", Revue Germanique Internationale, 2003, 20, 153–65 (mise à jour avril 2005) Valentin, Jean-Marie. Alexander von Humboldt: 150e anniversaire de sa mort, Paris, Didier Érudition. 2011. ISBN 978-2-252-03756-0. External links[edit] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Wilhelm von Humboldt. Wikisource has original works written by or about: Wilhelm von Humboldt Wikiquote has quotations related to: Wilhelm von Humboldt "Lives of the Brothers Humboldt", an extensive biography available from the Million Book Project Mueller-Vollmer, Kurt. "Wilhelm von Humboldt". In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Humboldt University site: Brief eulogy Wilhelm v. Humboldt – Brief information page from the Acton Institute Works by Wilhelm von Humboldt at Project Gutenberg Works by or about Wilhelm von Humboldt at Internet Archive Works by Wilhelm von Humboldt at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks) (in German) Works by Wilhelm von Humboldt – Partial list from Zeno.org The German classics of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries (two sections by Humboldt) Wilhelm von Humboldt, The Sphere and Duties of Government – passages (1792) Thinking Language: Wilhelm von Humboldt Now Event Videos, Conference Papers recorded at Queen Mary University of London, April 2016, organiser Marko Pajević. Papers on Humboldt's "thinking language" by Marko Pajevic, John Joseph, Jürgen Trabant, Ute Tintemann, Barbara Cassin (presented by David Nowell Smith), James W. Underhill, John Walker. Virtual exhibition on Paris Observatory digital library Preceded by Count Friedrich von Schuckmann Interior Minister of Prussia 1819 Succeeded by Count Friedrich von Schuckmann v t e Interior Ministers of Prussia Count Alexander von Dohna-Schlobitten Count Karl August von Hardenberg Count Friedrich von Schuckmann Baron Wilhelm von Humboldt Count Friedrich von Schuckman Baron Gustav von Brenn Gustav Adolf Rochus von Rochow Adolf Heinrich von Arnim-Boitzenburg Ernst von Bodelschwingh-Velmede Alfred von Auerswald Friedrich von Kühlwetter Franz August Eichmann Baron Otto Theodor von Manteuffel Ferdinand Otto Wilhelm Henning von Westphalen Eduard von Flottwell Count Maximilian von Schwerin-Putzar Gustav Wilhelm von Jagow Count Friedrich Albrecht zu Eulenburg Count Botho zu Eulenburg Robert von Puttkammer Ludwig Herrfurt Count Botho zu Eulenburg Ernst von Koeller Baron Eberhard Recke von der Horst Baron Georg von Rheinbaben Baron Hans von Hammerstein-Loxten Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg Friedrich von Moltke Johann von Dallwitz Friedrich Wilhelm von Loebell Bill Drews Paul Hirsch vacant Carl Severing Albert Grzesinski Heinrich Waentig Carl Severing Franz Bracht Hermann Göring v t e Philosophy of language Index of language articles Philosophers Plato (Cratylus) Gorgias Confucius Xunzi Aristotle Stoics Pyrrhonists Scholasticism Ibn Rushd Ibn Khaldun Thomas Hobbes Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Johann Herder Ludwig Noiré Wilhelm von Humboldt Fritz Mauthner Paul Ricœur Ferdinand de Saussure Gottlob Frege Franz Boas Paul Tillich Edward Sapir Leonard Bloomfield Zhuangzi Henri Bergson Lev Vygotsky Ludwig Wittgenstein Philosophical Investigations Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus Bertrand Russell Rudolf Carnap Jacques Derrida Of Grammatology Limited Inc Benjamin Lee Whorf Gustav Bergmann J. L. Austin Noam Chomsky Hans-Georg Gadamer Saul Kripke A. J. Ayer G. E. M. Anscombe Jaakko Hintikka Michael Dummett Donald Davidson Roger Gibson Paul Grice Gilbert Ryle P. F. Strawson Willard Van Orman Quine Hilary Putnam David Lewis John Searle Joxe Azurmendi Scott Soames Stephen Yablo John Hawthorne Stephen Neale Paul Watzlawick Theories Causal theory of reference Contrast theory of meaning Contrastivism Conventionalism Cratylism Deconstruction Descriptivism Direct reference theory Dramatism Dynamic semantics Expressivism Linguistic determinism Mediated reference theory Nominalism Non-cognitivism Phallogocentrism Relevance theory Semantic externalism Semantic holism Structuralism Supposition theory Symbiosism Theological noncognitivism Theory of descriptions (Definite description) Unilalianism Verification theory Concepts Ambiguity Cant Linguistic relativity Language Truth-bearer Proposition Use–mention distinction Concept Categories Set Class Family resemblance Intension Logical form Metalanguage Mental representation Presupposition Principle of compositionality Property Sign Sense and reference Speech act Symbol Sentence Statement more... Related articles Analytic philosophy Philosophy of information Philosophical logic Linguistics Pragmatics Rhetoric Semantics Formal semantics Semiotics Category Task Force Discussion Authority control BIBSYS: 90094339 BNE: XX896904 BNF: cb12024576f (data) CANTIC: a10469709 CiNii: DA00121763 GND: 118554727 ICCU: IT\ICCU\CFIV\095742 ISNI: 0000 0001 2145 1108 LCCN: n79093041 NDL: 00444011 NKC: jn20000700744 NLA: 35213189 NLG: 130887 NLI: 000065644 NLK: KAC199634475 NLP: A11823999 NTA: 068476094 PLWABN: 9810699623705606 SELIBR: 207841 SNAC: w6w68bp3 SUDOC: 027382877 Trove: 179594 VcBA: 495/19194 VIAF: 100183995 WorldCat Identities: lccn-n79093041 Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_von_Humboldt&oldid=996469854" Categories: 1767 births 1835 deaths 18th-century diplomats 18th-century German philosophers 19th-century diplomats 19th-century German philosophers Age of Enlightenment Alexander von Humboldt Ambassadors of Prussia Coppet group Cultural critics Enlightenment philosophers Epistemologists Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences German academic administrators German anthropologists German classical liberals German ethicists German Lutherans German male non-fiction writers German nobility German politicians of the Napoleonic Wars Honorary Members of the St Petersburg Academy of Sciences Humboldt family Humboldt University of Berlin faculty Interior ministers of Prussia Linguists from Germany Linguists of Austronesian languages Linguists of Uto-Aztecan languages Lutheran philosophers Members of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres Members of the American Antiquarian Society Members of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences Members of the Prussian Academy of Sciences Moral philosophers People from Potsdam People from the Margraviate of Brandenburg Philosophers of culture Philosophers of education Philosophers of ethics and morality Philosophers of language Philosophers of mind Philosophy writers Political philosophers Social commentators Social critics Social philosophers Theorists on Western civilization Hidden categories: CS1 German-language sources (de) CS1 French-language sources (fr) Articles with short description Articles with long short description Short description matches Wikidata Use dmy dates from May 2020 Biography with signature Articles with hCards All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from November 2014 Commons link is locally defined Articles with Project Gutenberg links Articles with Internet Archive links Articles with LibriVox links Articles with German-language sources (de) Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNE identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with ICCU identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with NDL identifiers Wikipedia articles with NKC identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLA identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLG identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLI identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLK identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLP identifiers Wikipedia articles with NTA identifiers Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers Wikipedia articles with VcBA identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item Print/export Download as PDF Printable version In other projects Wikimedia Commons Wikiquote Wikisource Languages Alemannisch العربية Asturianu Azərbaycanca বাংলা Беларуская Беларуская (тарашкевіца)‎ Български Bosanski Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Gaeilge Galego 한국어 Հայերեն हिन्दी Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית ქართული Қазақша Кыргызча Latina Latviešu Lëtzebuergesch Magyar Македонски Malti مصرى Bahasa Melayu Nederlands 日本語 Norsk bokmål Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча Polski Português Română Runa Simi Русский Scots Shqip Slovenčina Slovenščina Српски / srpski Suomi Svenska Тоҷикӣ Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt Winaray 吴语 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 26 December 2020, at 20:14 (UTC). 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