Summary of your 'study carrel' ============================== This is a summary of your Distant Reader 'study carrel'. The Distant Reader harvested & cached your content into a collection/corpus. It then applied sets of natural language processing and text mining against the collection. The results of this process was reduced to a database file -- a 'study carrel'. The study carrel can then be queried, thus bringing light specific characteristics for your collection. These characteristics can help you summarize the collection as well as enumerate things you might want to investigate more closely. This report is a terse narrative report, and when processing is complete you will be linked to a more complete narrative report. Eric Lease Morgan Number of items in the collection; 'How big is my corpus?' ---------------------------------------------------------- 85 Average length of all items measured in words; "More or less, how big is each item?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14837 Average readability score of all items (0 = difficult; 100 = easy) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 Top 50 statistically significant keywords; "What is my collection about?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 81 age 22 COVID-19 15 patient 12 old 10 year 10 study 10 cell 10 SARS 7 result 7 disease 6 elderly 5 case 5 Health 4 social 4 method 4 immune 4 conclusion 4 child 4 care 4 adult 4 PCR 4 Hospital 4 HIV 3 response 3 physical 3 muscle 3 mitochondrial 3 inflammatory 3 inflammation 3 infection 3 increase 3 home 3 high 3 group 3 figure 3 effect 3 covid-19 3 ICU 3 Fig 3 Children 3 Canada 3 BMI 3 Age 3 ACE2 2 work 2 woman 2 vaccine 2 stress 2 research 2 report Top 50 lemmatized nouns; "What is discussed?" --------------------------------------------- 7915 patient 7913 % 6030 age 4226 study 3676 year 3532 disease 3389 cell 3238 group 2892 child 2692 result 2476 health 2397 case 2313 risk 2172 level 2051 infection 1969 datum 1902 effect 1813 method 1766 treatment 1736 factor 1698 population 1569 adult 1554 time 1529 care 1522 conclusion 1514 rate 1512 p 1488 response 1482 analysis 1460 function 1365 month 1293 number 1275 system 1246 control 1242 day 1197 people 1192 life 1158 change 1154 model 1088 t 1063 activity 1060 mortality 1038 difference 1035 gene 1022 muscle 1013 outcome 1000 woman 994 protein 988 therapy 978 syndrome Top 50 proper nouns; "What are the names of persons or places?" -------------------------------------------------------------- 1198 al 968 et 914 . 817 COVID-19 612 SARS 581 T 562 Health 558 mg 477 China 402 CoV-2 374 C 361 HIV 338 CI 321 Hospital 280 kg 271 University 249 Background 248 Age 240 MRI 226 II 220 Disease 218 COPD 216 M 213 ABSTRACT 212 B 211 Group 206 A 198 GFR 197 PCR 193 United 193 ICU 191 National 184 de 183 UTI 183 Fig 181 UK 180 BMI 179 Canada 177 CKD 175 Study 174 VUR 170 PD 169 L 162 m 162 FC 160 IV 160 CD4 159 s 159 US 157 Table Top 50 personal pronouns nouns; "To whom are things referred?" ------------------------------------------------------------- 4099 we 2476 it 1124 they 823 i 536 he 484 them 481 she 160 you 133 us 84 one 82 themselves 72 itself 64 me 47 her 16 him 9 oneself 8 iga1 7 himself 6 s 5 yourself 5 myself 4 herself 3 ourselves 3 ours 3 em 2 mine 2 e.g.• 2 cgvh 1 year….they 1 ya 1 y638 1 y402h 1 theirs 1 thee 1 sd=1.08 1 pseudonyms 1 p7sngf 1 p206 1 mg 1 m 1 il6r 1 il12rb1 1 il-12r1 1 il-12+p40 1 ia2-ib2 1 hers 1 hb/ 1 fty720 1 cums 1 covid-19 Top 50 lemmatized verbs; "What do things do?" --------------------------------------------- 41658 be 8930 have 3168 use 2377 age 2273 increase 1993 show 1988 include 1908 associate 1512 do 1480 report 1408 relate 1343 compare 1336 find 1156 follow 1105 identify 1077 develop 1042 reduce 1009 base 1000 suggest 921 provide 862 present 859 improve 794 lead 791 perform 771 assess 756 decrease 707 determine 685 evaluate 682 measure 676 consider 666 receive 657 affect 655 observe 655 make 652 give 648 induce 644 treat 639 describe 625 cause 600 occur 589 see 589 require 578 examine 570 study 570 demonstrate 558 remain 537 need 535 indicate 531 take 523 investigate Top 50 lemmatized adjectives and adverbs; "How are things described?" --------------------------------------------------------------------- 3475 not 3335 old 2626 high 2320 - 2075 more 2070 also 2003 low 1750 renal 1622 other 1605 clinical 1508 well 1476 elderly 1295 immune 1249 such 1242 significant 1203 social 1165 most 1153 only 1069 however 1068 normal 1016 first 989 different 976 physical 946 chronic 931 significantly 891 severe 876 young 867 early 866 long 837 as 835 specific 798 acute 780 important 735 non 732 many 713 human 707 respiratory 705 mean 694 new 694 inflammatory 679 positive 647 common 642 less 634 further 627 respectively 606 large 571 healthy 560 primary 552 great 528 mitochondrial Top 50 lemmatized superlative adjectives; "How are things described to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 329 most 208 least 189 high 156 good 130 Most 86 low 68 large 51 great 34 strong 34 old 24 late 22 common 21 young 19 bad 17 early 14 big 9 long 7 close 5 small 5 near 4 poor 4 fast 3 weak 3 steep 3 simple 3 frail 2 wide 2 short 2 easy 1 ~e 1 ~I 1 ~61 1 ~20 1 wealthy 1 tough 1 stiff 1 specifict 1 southernmost 1 slight 1 scRNA 1 safe 1 rich 1 rare 1 p=0.016 1 oflNO 1 ofT 1 new 1 lifestylethe 1 lgAEa 1 hot Top 50 lemmatized superlative adverbs; "How do things do to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 836 most 149 least 23 well 3 hard 1 youngest 1 oldest 1 long 1 highest 1 greatest 1 ecommendatio.ns 1 -tug Top 50 Internet domains; "What Webbed places are alluded to in this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21 doi.org 6 bit.ly 5 osf.io 3 creativecommons.org 3 clinicaltrials.gov 2 www.who.int 2 www 2 orcid.org 2 medium.com 2 grants 2 david.ncifcrf.gov 2 covid19japan.com 1 www.wsj.com 1 www.worldometers.info 1 www.timesofisrael 1 www.theguardian.com 1 www.researchsquare 1 www.phosp.org 1 www.nytimes.com 1 www.nytimes 1 www.nih.gov 1 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov 1 www.mix-for-meta-analysis.info 1 www.medrxiv.org 1 www.mdpi.com 1 www.lamminglab.org 1 www.iss.it 1 www.information.dk 1 www.health 1 www.frontiersin.org 1 www.ete-online.com 1 www.economist.com 1 www.easa.europa.eu 1 www.census.gov 1 www.cdc.gov 1 www.bitre.gov.au 1 www.ada.edu 1 weekly.chinacdc.cn 1 pdparker.github.io 1 ourworldindata.org 1 mpidr.shinyapps.io 1 medium 1 joannabriggs.org 1 higiene.med.up.pt 1 gtexportal.org 1 govextra.gov.il 1 github.com 1 erikgahner.dk 1 docs.google.com 1 db.cngb.org Top 50 URLs; "What is hyperlinked from this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------- 8 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.03.20089938 4 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.18.20197228 3 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 2 http://www 2 http://grants 2 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.07.20093807 2 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.09.20060053 2 http://david.ncifcrf.gov/ 2 http://covid19japan.com 1 http://www.wsj.com/ 1 http://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/ 1 http://www.who.int/publications/m/ 1 http://www.who.int/ageing/ageism/en/ 1 http://www.timesofisrael 1 http://www.theguardian.com/world/2 1 http://www.researchsquare 1 http://www.phosp.org/ 1 http://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/17/us/coronavirusnursing-homes.html 1 http://www.nytimes 1 http://www.nih.gov/newsevents/news-releases/nih-clinical-trial-investigationalvaccine-covid-19-begins 1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE147507 1 http://www.mix-for-meta-analysis.info 1 http://www.medrxiv.org/ 1 http://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/20/7474/s1 1 http://www.lamminglab.org/agingscitalks.html 1 http://www.iss.it/ 1 http://www.information.dk/udland/2019/12/new-data-reveals-serious-problems-with-the-eus-officialpublic-opinion-polls 1 http://www.health 1 http://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2020 1 http://www.ete-online.com/content/11/1/4 1 http://www.economist.com/international/2020/09/26/the-pandemic-is-plunging-millionsback-into-extreme-poverty 1 http://www.easa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/ 1 http://www.census.gov/data-tools/demo/idb/region.php?T=10&RT=0&A=both&Y=2019&C=US&R= 1 http://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019ncov/need-extra-precautions/people-at-increased-risk 1 http://www.bitre.gov.au/national-cities-performance-framework 1 http://www.ada.edu 1 http://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/id/e53946e2-c6c4-41e9-9a9b-fea8db1a8f51 1 http://pdparker.github.io/GFCweb/ 1 http://ourworldindata.org/grapher/coronavirus-cfr 1 http://osf.io/vqnh8 1 http://osf.io/mpwjq/wiki/home/ 1 http://osf.io/mpwjq/ 1 http://osf.io/mpwjq 1 http://osf.io/jcnw3/ 1 http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3609-5630Shawn 1 http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6444-8451 1 http://mpidr.shinyapps.io/cleaning_tracker/ 1 http://medium.com/wintoncentre/how-much-normalrisk-does-covid-represent-4539118e1196 1 http://medium.com/@tomaspueyo/coronavirus-the-hammer-and-the-dance-be9337092b56 1 http://medium Top 50 email addresses; "Who are you gonna call?" ------------------------------------------------- 2 coverage-db@demogr.mpg.de 1 santon@ufl.edu 1 melanie.cabrera@ufl.edu 1 cryeni@ufl.edu 1 bensadon@ufl.edu 1 beatrix.grubeck-loebenstein@oeaw.ac.at 1 a.singh@ufl.edu 1 picu@its.mew.edu 1 nicu-net@u.washington.edu 1 jordan.alpert@ufl.edu Top 50 positive assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-noun?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13 levels were significantly 12 patients had normal 10 data are available 9 % were women 9 patients did not 7 % had low 7 % were frail 7 % were male 7 age is not 7 study did not 6 % were female 6 data was available 6 data were available 6 disease is not 6 levels were higher 6 levels were normal 6 patients had abnormal 6 patients had low 6 patients were significantly 6 results are consistent 5 % had clinical 5 adults are more 5 function was normal 5 group was significantly 5 health related quality 5 level was significantly 5 patients had previously 5 patients were eligible 5 population is available 5 studies are necessary 5 studies were normal 4 % had grade 4 % were hypotensive 4 age did not 4 age related atherosclerosis 4 age was not 4 cells is also 4 cells were not 4 children did not 4 children do not 4 children have not 4 children is not 4 data is available 4 data were also 4 function did not 4 groups were not 4 levels were also 4 levels were low 4 levels were lower 4 levels were not Top 50 negative assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-no|not-noun?" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 groups were not statistically 2 age was not significantly 2 children is not well 2 group was not sufficient 2 health is not only 1 % had no cognitive 1 % had no depressive 1 % had no special 1 % showed no difference 1 % was not significantly 1 % were not satisfied 1 adults are not well 1 adults had no impact 1 age had no significant 1 age is not as 1 age is not linear 1 age is not only 1 age is not yet 1 age was not linear 1 ageing does not necessarily 1 analyses showed no significant 1 analysis is not available 1 analysis showed no difference 1 analysis showed no inflammation 1 care are not automatically 1 care is not as 1 care is not universally 1 care provided no additional 1 case was not suitable 1 cases are not available 1 cases were not only 1 cells are not able 1 cells has not yet 1 cells is not truly 1 cells showed no differentiation 1 cells were not elevated 1 cells were not statistically 1 child had no relapse 1 children is not only 1 children were not typical 1 disease had no normal 1 disease is not always 1 disease is not enough 1 disease is not significantly 1 disease was not always 1 diseases are not diseases 1 diseases including not only 1 effect was not statistically 1 factors are not responsible 1 factors are not well A rudimentary bibliography -------------------------- id = cord-323582-7y8pt72r author = Ahamad, Martuza title = A Machine Learning Model to Identify Early Stage Symptoms of SARS-Cov-2 Infected Patients date = 2020-06-20 keywords = COVID-19; age; algorithm; patient summary = We developed a model that employed supervised machine learning algorithms to identify the presentation features predicting COVID-19 disease diagnoses with high accuracy. We implemented and applied several machine learning algorithms to our collected data and found that the XGBoost algorithm performed with the highest accuracy (>85%) to predict and select features that correctly indicate COVID-19 status for all age groups. We extracted important features of basic information (age, gender), symptoms (fever, cough, muscle soreness), diagnostic results (lung infection, radiographic imaging), prior disease/symptom history (pneumonia, diarrhea, runny nose) and some trajectory information (isolation treatment status, travel history) that are directly or indirectly related to COVID-19 disease. In our study, we developed and tested a range of machine learning approaches and found the most significant clinical COVID-19 predictive features were (in descending order): lung infection, cough, pneumonia, runny nose, travel history, fever, isolation, age, muscle soreness, diarrhea, and gender. doi = 10.1016/j.eswa.2020.113661 id = cord-103337-a1yidr4y author = Aleta, A. title = Age differential analysis of COVID-19 second wave in Europe reveals highest incidence among young adults date = 2020-11-13 keywords = Europe; age summary = title: Age differential analysis of COVID-19 second wave in Europe reveals highest incidence among young adults To understand the evolution of the ongoing wave, one should trace it back to its origin in the summer, when the incidence started to grow again after the effects of the strict restrictions that were imposed in the Spring faded out, which resulted in an increased number of local outbreaks and community transmission of COVID-19 in most of Europe. To elucidate if this pattern is characteristic of this region or if it is more general, we have collected data on the COVID19 incidence in 25 European countries aggregated by age groups during the period from 1 September to 27 October. These very robust and regular patterns of the incidence of the current second wave are a remarkable observation given that countries in Europe responded distinctly and at different times during the early stages of the pandemic. doi = 10.1101/2020.11.11.20230177 id = cord-260797-tc3pueow author = Aleta, Alberto title = Data-driven contact structures: From homogeneous mixing to multilayer networks date = 2020-07-16 keywords = age; contact; model summary = In addition, we conduct extensive numerical simulations and conclude that heterogeneities in the contact network are important for a proper determination of the epidemic threshold, whereas the age-structure plays a bigger role beyond the onset of the outbreak. To bridge this gap, in this paper, we focus on analyzing the role that disease-independent heterogeneity in host contact rates plays in the spreading of epidemics in large populations under several scenarios, both numerically and analytically. A slightly better approximation is to divide the population into agegroups, given the demographic structure of the population, Fig 1B, and establish a different number of contacts between and within them (model M), which is the common approach currently used in the epidemic literature to model age-mixing patterns. Nevertheless, most network approaches focus only on determining the role that the difference in the number of contacts of the population has on the impact of disease dynamics but ignore other types of heterogeneities such as the age mixing patterns. doi = 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008035 id = cord-263650-jxkjn8ld author = Andruske, Cynthia Lee title = Family care across diverse cultures: Re-envisioning using a transnational lens date = 2020-10-20 keywords = Canada; South; age; care; family summary = Specifically, drawing on a broad understanding of care that is consistent with Fisher and Tronto (1990) ; also Tronto, 2013) , the purpose of our study was to explore and compare the relationships between culture and informal family care practices across three diverse ethno-cultural groups: Chinese, South Asians, and Latin Americans living in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Adults self-identifying as Chinese, South Asian, and Latin American, and providing unpaid, informal care or support to someone over the age of 65 needing some level of assistance with activities of daily living, were invited to participate. Even only adult children like Argentinian Rossana pointed out that she had created networks from her family (husband, daughter, and grandchildren, among others) and paid companions as well as her 92-year-old mother''s long-time friends to provide support and care. doi = 10.1016/j.jaging.2020.100892 id = cord-305743-rnfn6opa author = Anton, Stephen D. title = Innovations in Geroscience to enhance mobility in older adults date = 2020-10-22 keywords = adult; age; function; intervention; mobility; muscle; old; physical summary = Aging is the primary risk factor for functional decline; thus, understanding and preventing disability among older adults has emerged as an important public health challenge of the 21st century. Given the aging US population, the disproportionately high prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in older adults is a significant public health concern, as it substantially increases the risk for cardiovascular disease J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Journal Pre-proof (CVD) [27] [28] [29] [30] and is associated with increased all-cause mortality, disability, CVD mortality, myocardial infarction, and stroke [31] . Age-related life changes that increase susceptibility to social isolation and loneliness includes changes in health status limiting functioning and mobility; changes in family structure (divorce, childless); death of friends, family members, and spouse; auditory and visual changes reducing the ability to communicate and interact; and resource reductions including healthcare access and quality of care [135] . doi = 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111123 id = cord-280605-2i4gk7et author = Bachmann, María Consuelo title = The Challenge by Multiple Environmental and Biological Factors Induce Inflammation in Aging: Their Role in the Promotion of Chronic Disease date = 2020-10-14 keywords = age; cell; dna; effect; immune; inflammation; inflammatory; response; stress summary = With increasing age, the dynamics and proportion of lymphocytes and myeloid cells differ depending on the sex due to the differential expression of 144 genes of the immune response in men and women (71) . Anti-inflammatory effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and their biologically active metabolites (D and E Resolvinsmediators derived from omega-3 fatty acids, primarily EPA and DHA that block the production of proinflammatory mediators and regulate leukocyte trafficking to inflammatory sites) can be mediated through one of the mechanisms capable of reducing inflammation of RAW-264.7 cells and of primary intraperitoneal macrophages (105) . Exposure to various alarm signals induce an acute inflammation that, when associated with deleterious environmental and biological factors, potentiates chronic inflammation, which can be further promoted by excess ROS production and oxidative stress that results from mitochondrial dysfunction or NOX2 activity, leading to inflammaging and eventually to age-related disease. doi = 10.3389/fimmu.2020.570083 id = cord-020694-zoy49483 author = Baig, Ulfat title = Geriatric infections: Decreased immunity or evolved opportunists? date = 2020-04-10 keywords = age; incidence summary = In order to compare the age specific incidence of opportunistic versus non-opportunistic infections, we selected pathogens that are sufficiently common globally, for whom there is good background epidemiological information including whether and with what frequency they inhabit the host body under normal conditions, whether a long-term carrier state is known, and whether they confer long-term immunity. We searched PubMed and Google Scholar for individual published reports giving age-class-specific incidence, in addition to available online data from Centers for Disease Control Bureau of Statistics. In the other pattern followed by 8 species and 12 pooled datasets, there was a significant negative trend in 6 with a 50% to 95% decrease in incidence between the 20 and over-60 age groups. The prediction specific to the declining immunity hypothesis that the incidence of externally acquired infections should also increase with age failed to obtain generalized support in epidemiological data. doi = 10.1007/s12038-020-0025-x id = cord-306504-0wq7rc6s author = Barakovic Husic, Jasmina title = Aging at Work: A Review of Recent Trends and Future Directions date = 2020-10-20 keywords = NLP; age; article; old; work summary = In order to answer the research questions, we examined studies on the aging labour force that were published between January 2008 and August 2019, to recognize the trends in the literature written in English with respect to motivation issues and potential solutions. Older workers with high job satisfaction, development possibilities, affirmative relations to management, and no age discrimination stayed longer in the work market. Ageism, employment discrimination, gender, work [33] To investigate the age-related connection between job stress, extreme tiredness, prosperity, and associated personal, institutional, and community factors. Job/age/disability discrimination [36] To investigate the relation between psychosocial factors and pension intention of older employees, while considering healthiness and work ability. Older farmers, work-related musculoskeletal disorders, pension age [8] To investigate the action plans that workers use to acquire skills in software and complete assignments Exploratory study (interviews, surveys). doi = 10.3390/ijerph17207659 id = cord-317519-yhzv2yjs author = Barzilai, Nir title = Geroscience in the Age of COVID-19 date = 2020-07-23 keywords = COVID-19; age; old summary = Development and use of drugs like rapamycin and metformin by the at-risk population, notably older adults, may confer broad health benefits by targeting multiple aspects of biological aging and in this way raise the chances that these people can ward off the worst effects of COVID-19. Randomized, controlled clinical trials to assess the ability of rapamycin, metformin and other potential geroprotective drugs [20] , to boost response to an eventual COVID-19 vaccine in the elderly, as well as protect against COVID-19 infection altogether, could have a substantial impact on survival in vulnerable populations and should be pursued. Often, in older patients, multiple aging-related diseases are affected by multiple risk factors, further increasing the disability and mortality. The COVID-19 global emergency has emphasized to vast masses of people the vital need to prevent old-age multimorbidity, protect the elderly and improve their health span. doi = 10.14336/ad.2020.0629 id = cord-340285-mq9x12nw author = Blagosklonny, Mikhail V. title = From causes of aging to death from COVID-19 date = 2020-06-12 keywords = COVID-19; Rapamycin; age; cell; disease summary = In contrast, as we will discuss in the next section, it is hyper-functional immune response that leads to death from COVID-19 in the elderly by causing cytokine storm. It is driven by nutrient/hormone/cytokinesensing and growth-promoting signaling pathways such as Target of Rapamycin (TOR; mTOR), which are involved in developmental growth and later cause hyperfunctional aging and its diseases [24, 26] . Nutrients and obesity activate growth-promoting pathways (e.g., mTOR), thus accelerating development of quasi-programmed (age-related) diseases. Continuous use of rapamycin is expected to improve health, decrease age-related diseases and extend healthy lifespan, rendering individuals less vulnerable, when infected with the virus. As we discussed in the section "Cytokine storm is a hyperfunction", cytokine storm and hyper-inflammation is a main cause of death in COVID-19 pneumonia [36-40, 42, 45, 135, 141-143] Rapamycin, an antiinflammatory agent, inhibits hyper-functions, cellular senescence and decrease secretion of cytokines ( [74, 81, 144] . doi = 10.18632/aging.103493 id = cord-317583-jhulvfev author = Blanchflower, David G. title = Is happiness U-shaped everywhere? Age and subjective well-being in 145 countries date = 2020-09-09 keywords = USA; age; country; life; shape summary = Blanchflower and Oswald (2008a) find a U-shape for 39 developing countries in World Values Survey sweeps 1-4 4 that averages out at a minimum around age 43 when including control variables. I then turn to examining data for the UK and 36 European countries and find there is evidence of a U-shape whether controls are included or not, with very little difference in the age minima. Blanchflower and Graham examined the same data Ingelhardt used and estimated a series of happiness equations and found there were U-shapes in age with controls in all the countries and variables Ingelhardt examined. Fourteen of those countries have significant and well-defined U-shapes in age and they are not available in any of the other data files, so in Table 14 we report results for these developing countries using the Q1 question above for Cantril''s life satisfaction ladder measure. doi = 10.1007/s00148-020-00797-z id = cord-294501-1nf98mpb author = Bonafè, Massimiliano title = Inflamm-aging: Why older men are the most susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 complicated outcomes date = 2020-05-03 keywords = ACE2; COVID-19; SARS; age summary = Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is characterized by a high mortality of elderly men with age-related comorbidities. Consistent with this finding, the ability of DCs and macrophages to elicit CD8 + T cell response and proliferation and to release antiviral cytokines is impaired in elderly individuals [34] ; in parallel, these subjects are characterized by a reduced activity of plasmacytoid DCs, the main sources of type I IFNs, which underpin the antiviral response and provide the first-line sentinels in immune surveillance, also in the lung [35] . 4. In older men with age-related diseases, the aging-dependent reduction in ACE2 activity worsens SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)2, the main SARS-CoV2 host cell receptor, plays a crucial role in virus entry into the cell, as previously demonstrated in SARS and NL63 human coronaviruses [41] . In these individuals, acute SARS-CoV-2 infection compounds their chronic, subclinical, aging-related proinflammatory state (inflamm-aging) which, together with immune senescence and the age-and gender-specific distribution of ACE2 in the airway epithelia, could blunt the antiviral response to inflammation. doi = 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.04.005 id = cord-323227-ctsamv69 author = Bonner, C. title = Protocol for a systematic review of qualitative and quantitative effects of cardiovascular disease risk communication using heart age concepts date = 2020-05-08 keywords = CVD; age summary = Studies will be considered eligible if they meet the following criteria: (1) published from the inception of the database to April 2020, in peer-reviewed journals, (2) used an adult population (over 18 years of age) or, if not explicit regarding age, are clear that participants were not children, (3) present the concept of heart age to patients or consumers for the purpose of CVD risk communication, (4) report qualitative themes or quantitative outcomes relating to psychological and/or behavioural responses to heart age. Studies will be considered eligible if they meet the following criteria: (1) published from the inception of the database to April 2020, in peer-reviewed journals, (2) used an adult population (over 18 years of age) or, if not explicit regarding age, are clear that participants were not children, (3) present the concept of ''heart age'' to patients or consumers for the . doi = 10.1101/2020.05.03.20089938 id = cord-315992-jxxio17w author = Borja-Gonzalez, Maria title = Aging Science Talks: The role of miR-181a in age-related loss of muscle mass and function date = 2020-07-08 keywords = age; mitochondrial; muscle summary = The role of microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) as epigenetic modifiers in regulating loss of muscle mass and function has become increasingly recognised (reviewed in [17] ). It therefore appears that miR-181 may play a critical role in regulating redox homeostasis and potentially mitochondrial dynamics in nervous and cardiac cells, with studies suggesting that inhibition of miR-181 may prevent cell death and improve antioxidant response via targeting BCL-1, BCL-2, GRP78 and PTEN. In our study, using miR gain-and loss-of-function approaches, we have demonstrated that miR-181 regulates skeletal muscle size and function during aging through regulating mitochondrial dynamics [46] . This may also suggest the important role of miR-181 family in a multitude of disorders associated with changes in mitochondrial dynamics and oxidative stress, such as sarcopenia or aging. The potential of miRs as novel therapeutics for various disorders has been proposed due to their implication in regulating multiple pathways and involvement in many disease states including aging and sarcopenia [25] , [27] , [35] . doi = 10.1016/j.tma.2020.07.001 id = cord-324635-27q3nxte author = Bouza, Emilio title = The situation of infection in the elderly in Spain: a multidisciplinary opinion document date = 2020-09-08 keywords = Spain; age; care; elderly; health; home; infection; old; patient; study; year summary = Thus, for long-term care facility (LTCF) residents and in hospitalised elderly people, UTI is the number one cause of infection and is the second most common in older women living in the community [19] . The first data on infection in nursing homes in Spain come from the EPINGER study, conducted in community health centres in Catalonia, which reported a prevalence of 6.5%, although it should be pointed out that in Catalonia the concept of the community health centre would include medium-long term patients, while in the rest of the Spanish autonomous communities this concept would be limited to nursing homes [40] . This is a multi-centre system for monitoring nosocomial infections, based on the production of an annual prevalence study, which has been conducted since 1990 in a large group of hospitals in Spain and was promoted by the Spanish Society of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Hygiene. The studies reviewed allow us to estimate a prevalence of infection of between 4 and 10% in nursing homes in Spain, depending on their complexity, and between 6 and 9% in hospitalised elderly people. doi = 10.37201/req/057.2020 id = cord-267664-vahd59z8 author = Cesari, Matteo title = COVID-19 in Italy: Ageism and Decision-Making in a Pandemic date = 2020-04-01 keywords = Italy; age summary = Not surprisingly, the usual, despicable age criterion started to be implicitly adopted in the decisional algorithm for the allocation of scarce resources to the mounting number of patients. It is noteworthy that during the early crisis, the Società Italiana di Anestesia, Analgesia, Rianimazione e Terapia Intensiva (SIAARTI; Italian Society of Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Intensive Care) released clinical ethics recommendations for the allocation of treatment in exceptional resource-limited situations. Of course, the patient''s age… If we want to fight such an ageistic approach and replace the age criterion for the allocation of resources, we must have and propose a parameter more robust than age but equally easy-to-obtain, that can be used for critical and rapid decision-making. In settings where rationing of resources becomes a necessity and such preparation has not been made, medical staff or oversight organizations should implement ad hoc guidelines that incorporate key prognostic factors beyond age -most notably frailty, comorbidity, and functional status. Clinical ethics recommendations for the allocation of intensive care treatments, in exceptional, resource-limited circumstances doi = 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.03.025 id = cord-264811-xbeipob9 author = Choi, Yongin title = Assessment of Social Distancing for Controlling COVID-19 in Korea: An Age-Structured Modeling Approach date = 2020-10-14 keywords = COVID-19; Korea; age summary = This study aims at assessing the impact of social distancing on the reduction of COVID-19 infected cases by constructing a mathematical model and using epidemiological data of incidences in Korea. An example of a scenario/policy-specific contact matrix of Seoul and Gyeonggi province-school closure with no social distancing, M C -is shown in Figure 3 ; a comparison with the equivalent version for Korea is provided in Figure S3 in Supplementary Section B. In the age-structured model developed in this study, we estimated the transmission rate by applying the contact matrix obtained from [25] to the actual incidence and population data for Seoul and Gyeonggi province. We estimated the transmission rate for each age group in seven distinct periods using the COVID-19 data and contact matrix for each age group and investigated the effect of social distancing on the control of the disease in the age-structured model under various scenarios. doi = 10.3390/ijerph17207474 id = cord-003244-abs3tc3r author = Chong, Ka Chun title = Monitoring the age-specificity of measles transmissions during 2009-2016 in Southern China date = 2018-10-08 keywords = China; age summary = In 1978, the national Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) in China started to implement a standard schedule for the routine administration of one dose of measles-containing vaccine (MCV1) among children between 8 and 24 months of age. In the present study, we compared the age-specific R of measles infections between different age groups by using laboratory and clinically confirmed data collected from 2009 to 2016. The R values estimated for children aged 7-15 years were low across the study period in general, even though the values also increased since 2012, indicating that primary and secondary school students had a limited contribution to measles transmissions. In this study, we compared the age-specific R of measles infections between different age groups, using laboratory and clinically confirmed data from 2009 to 2016 for Guangdong Province. doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0205339 id = cord-309556-xv3413k1 author = Chow, Ryan D. title = The aging transcriptome and cellular landscape of the human lung in relation to SARS-CoV-2 date = 2020-04-15 keywords = SARS; age; cluster; figure; gene summary = In aggregate, these analyses showed that the age-associated genes with functional roles in SARS-CoV are expressed in specific cell types of the human lung. Of note, the overlap between lung ageassociated genes and SARS-CoV-2 regulated genes was statistically significant across all 3 cell lines (Figure 6d-f) , suggesting a degree of similarity between the transcriptional changes associated with aging and with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Among the age-associated genes that were induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection, the majority of these genes increase in expression with age (Cluster 1) (Figure 6g-i) . To identify a consensus set of age-associated genes that are regulated by SARS-CoV-2 infection, we integrated the analyses from all 3 cell lines. By integrating these data with single cell transcriptomes of human lung tissue, we further pinpointed the specific cell types that normally express the age-associated genes. doi = 10.1101/2020.04.07.030684 id = cord-322913-sq9mq6f1 author = Ciabattini, Annalisa title = Shelter from the cytokine storm: pitfalls and prospects in the development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines for an elderly population date = 2020-11-06 keywords = COVID-19; CoV-2; SARS; age; response; vaccine summary = The complex and still unclear immunopathological mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection, together with the progressive age-related decline of immune responses, and the lack of clear correlates of protection, make the design of vaccination strategies for older people extremely challenging. The complex and still unclear immunopathological mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection, together with the progressive age-related decline of innate and adaptive immune responses, and the lack of a clear correlate of protection, make the design of vaccination strategies for older people extremely challenging (Fig. 3 ). doi = 10.1007/s00281-020-00821-0 id = cord-306210-ny3vvu9h author = Clarfield, A. Mark title = Age, ageing, ageism and “age-itation” in the Age of COVID-19: rights and obligations relating to older persons in Israel as observed through the lens of medical ethics date = 2020-11-12 keywords = ICU; Israel; age; covid-19; old; person summary = Furthermore, advancing age (from about 60 on), even in those older persons without any accompanying illnesses, is a strong and independent risk factor for pneumonia, need for an ICU bed and death from the virus. Recommendations include the Ministry of Health publishing clear guidelines as to risk factors and offering sensible advice on how to practice physical (not "social") distancing without exacerbating an older person''s sense of social isolation. Although we are dealing with a fast and erratically moving target, with the present situation in mind this paper will elucidate relevant issues and offer policy recommendations germane to when and how older persons can minimize risk and at some point in the future return to their pre-COVID-19 routine in Israel. A step-by-step proposal 1) With respect to the at-risk populations (those with relevant medical illnesses and older age), so far, even though the number of infected person is rising once again, at the date of writing (late October, 2020) the program recommended herein is still voluntary. doi = 10.1186/s13584-020-00416-y id = cord-007088-yfdb594k author = Coleman, Gerald L. title = Pathological Changes During Aging in, Barrier-Reared Fischer 344 Male Rats(1) date = 1977-05-17 keywords = Fischer; age; incidence; lesion; rat summary = The most severe pulmonary lesion was a mild focal atypical hyperplasia (Innes, Garner, & Stookey, 1967) which occurred in a few rats over 24 mo of age. Mild to moderate focal chronic interstitial myocarditis occurred frequently in rats less than 6 mo old and then decreased in incidence with increasing age. These two lesions were not always coincidental, but one or both appeared to be the predecessor of interstitial fibrosis, >vhich was first seen at 6 to 12 mo, and increased in incidence and degree with age. The most frequent lesion was bile duct hyperplasia, which increased in incidence and severity with age. A wide variety of pathology was found and tabulated, and many lesions were found to increase in severity and incidence with age. A wide variety of pathology was found and tabulated, and many lesions were found to increase in severity and incidence with age. doi = 10.1093/geronj/32.3.258 id = cord-352737-3ttrx3lf author = Cunha, Lucas Leite title = Remodeling of the Immune Response With Aging: Immunosenescence and Its Potential Impact on COVID-19 Immune Response date = 2020-08-07 keywords = COVID-19; SARS; age; cell summary = Enhancing the efficacy of the adaptive immune response may be an important issue both for infection resolution as well as for the appropriate generation of immunity upon vaccination, while inhibiting inflamm-aging will likely emerge as a potential complementary therapeutic approach in the management of patients with severe COVID-19. Enhancing the efficacy of the adaptive immune response may be an important issue both for infection resolution as well as for the appropriate generation of immunity upon vaccination, while inhibiting inflamm-aging will likely emerge as a potential complementary therapeutic approach in the management of patients with severe COVID-19. Interestingly, polymorphonuclear leucocytes from the elderly are less capable of modulating the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell-1 (TREM-1)-induced oxidative bursts, suggesting that TREM-1 signal transduction altered with aging may be one of the mediators of the decrease in microbicidal potential of innate immune cells in older adults (41) . doi = 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01748 id = cord-288392-khjo6j8u author = Davern, Melanie title = How Can the Lived Environment Support Healthy Ageing? A Spatial Indicators Framework for the Assessment of Age-Friendly Communities date = 2020-10-21 keywords = AFC; Age; Health; indicator; old; people summary = This paper provides a quantifiable spatial indicators framework to assess local lived environments according to each Age-Friendly Cities and Communities (AFC) domain. The spatial measures used to assess this included: walkability (with and without footpaths); access to public open space; access to public transport; housing affordability; housing diversity; government owned dwellings (social housing); access to services for older people; libraries; universities of the 3rd Age; places of worship; volunteering; households with internet access; aged care facilities; and access to General Practitioners. Objective spatial measures of the lived environment are critical for the following reasons: to simplify assessments of AFC; to provide a foundation level of knowledge about the age-friendliness of an environment; to assist local and state government planning by informing and monitoring future actions and interventions needed to promote healthy ageing in communities; and to include older people into targets of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals and the New Urban Agenda. doi = 10.3390/ijerph17207685 id = cord-018387-ci5wx26t author = Di Benedetto, Svetlana title = Aging, Immunity, and Neuroinflammation: The Modulatory Potential of Nutrition date = 2019-07-31 keywords = Fig; age; cell; immune; inflammation; inflammatory summary = Several lifestyle strategies, such as intervening to provide an adequate diet and physical and mental activity, have been shown to result in improved immune and neuroprotective functions, a decrease in oxidative stress and inflammation, and a potential increase in individual longevity. Thus, zinc deficiency may adversely affect the immunological status, increase oxidative stress, lead to the generation of inflammatory cytokines, and influence the progression of many chronic diseases, including atherosclerosis, neurological disorders, autoimmune diseases, age-related degenerative diseases, and various malignancies [5] . It has been suggested that aging is associated with chronic innate immune activation and significant changes in the functions of monocytes and macrophages, which may have implications for increased low-grade chronic inflammation and for the development of age-related diseases [61] . Evidence that long-term behavioral changes, including nutritional intervention and reduced energy intake together with physical activity, may prevent, improve, or even reverse age-related impairments in immune function continues to accumulate [2] . doi = 10.1007/978-3-030-16073-9_14 id = cord-304365-al3p52uj author = Egenvall, A. title = Mortality of Life‐Insured Swedish Cats during 1999–2006: Age, Breed, Sex, and Diagnosis date = 2009-09-22 keywords = CYAR; age; cat summary = The aim was to describe patterns of mortality in Swedish cats covered by a life insurance plan between 1999 and 2006, with respect to sex, age, breed, and diagnosis and to present survival to various ages crudely, by breed and time period. Variables used in this study included cat identification, sex, date of birth, breed, life insurance coverage, and diagnostic codes for cause of death. Age-standardized MRs (ASMR, which adjusts for differences in age distributions across groups or categories) have been calculated both for the whole period and yearly and are expressed as deaths per 10,000 CYAR (data on age category 9 o 10 years and over were amalgamated for standardization). Standard errors times 1.96 yielded 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for ASMRs 8 and age category-specific MRs. 9 Age standardized MRs, and MRs, respectively, have been calculated crudely, yearly, by sex, breed group, breed, diagnostic category, diagnosis, and by combinations thereof as well as for withdrawal unrelated to death. doi = 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0396.x id = cord-274009-ew4diub5 author = Emerson, Kerstin Gerst title = Coping with being cooped up: Social distancing during COVID-19 among 60+ in the United States date = 2020-06-29 keywords = age; respondent; social summary = This study examined the impact of sheltering in place and social distancing among adults aged 60 and older during the 2020 outbreak of COVID-19 in the United States. Using convenience sampling respondents were asked to complete a web-administered survey to explore impact of social distancing on loneliness, stress, and behavioral changes. Social distancing has significant consequences on loneliness and health behaviors among adults in the United States, many of which differ by age group. The purpose of this study was to explore how adults aged 60 and older in the US are coping with social distancing and sheltering in place during the COVID-19 pandemic. These included doing more or less: sleeping, engaging in physical activity, smoking, drinking alcohol, using recreational drugs, eating, solitary activities, engaging in in-person activities, making/receiving phone calls, using social media, emailing, ending/receiving text messages, and spending time on the computer/tablet/phone. Those living alone were also significantly more likely to report that their loneliness had increased since social distancing (42.4%) compared those living with others (27.9%). doi = 10.26633/rpsp.2020.81 id = cord-309161-ceahghs1 author = Epel, Elissa S. title = The geroscience agenda: What does stress have to do with it? date = 2020-09-28 keywords = age; response; social; stress; stressor summary = While there are myriad individual patterns of exposures, traumatic stress or material deprivation have larger effects early in life than when they occur at later periods; Early life adversity is predictive of a range of poor outcomes, including poor mental health, health behaviors, biomarkers of aging, and earlier disease onset (Deighton et al., 2018; Hughes et al., 2017) although plasticity is still possible (McEwen & Morrison, 2013) . Several of these basic mechanisms in immune cells have been associated with aspects of social stress, including systemic inflammation and shorter telomeres (Epel et al., 2004; Kiecolt-Glaser et al., 2011; Miller et al., 2008) poor mitochondrial function (Picard et al., 2018) , and accelerated epigenetic aging (Park et al., 2019; Wolf et al., 2018) . Stress resilience depends in part on the pre-existing level of reserve capacity, the positive protective factors of an organism, as well as the immediate adaptive psychological response to stressors (cognitive appraisals). doi = 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101167 id = cord-262954-saqo900k author = Esme, Mert title = Older Adults With Coronavirus Disease 2019; A Nationwide Study in Turkey date = 2020-09-01 keywords = COVID-19; age; patient summary = In this study we aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized older adults with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Turkey. Through multivariate analysis of the causes of death in older patients, we found that male gender, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, dementia, cancer, admission to intensive care unit, computed tomography finding compatible with COVID-19 were all significantly associated with mortality in entire cohort. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that individuals older than age 65 comprise 17% of the total population in the United States, though they are responsible for 31% of infections, 45% of hospitalizations, 53% of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and 80% of deaths caused by . Clinical characteristics and outcomes of older patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China (2019): a single-centered, retrospective study doi = 10.1093/gerona/glaa219 id = cord-253182-s60vzf3q author = Fang, Evandro F. title = A research agenda for ageing in China in the 21st century (2nd edition): Focusing on basic and translational research, long-term care, policy and social networks date = 2020-09-21 keywords = China; Fig; HIV; Health; National; age; care; chinese; disease; elderly; old summary = Major healthcare challenges involved with caring for the elderly in China include the management of chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs), physical frailty, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, with emerging challenges such as providing sufficient dental care, combating the rising prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases among nursing home communities, providing support for increased incidences of immune diseases, and the growing necessity to provide palliative care for the elderly. The research agenda in response to rapid population ageing in China has been broad, covering areas including the study of the ageing process itself in laboratory and animal studies, to clinical-level studies of drugs or other treatments for common chronic diseases, and finally policy-level research for the care of the elderly in hospital, community and residential care settings, and its influence on health and social care policies . Major risk factors of the high prevalence of dental diseases in the elderly in China include the scarcity of dental health knowledge in the general population, low frequency of daily oral hygiene practices, insufficiency of dental care services, and unhealthy diet habits. doi = 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101174 id = cord-292024-ae7rauc6 author = Fulop, T. title = Immunosenescence is both functional/adaptive and dysfunctional/maladaptive date = 2020-09-15 keywords = age; cell; immune; innate; system summary = The increased numbers and activity of certain innate or innate-like immune cell subsets with aging might be considered host responses to compensate for the drastic decline in adaptive immune cell development and function [95] . Several studies have also indicated age-related functional changes in DCs, such as impaired expression of TLRs [115] ; decreased production of cytokines, chemokines, and IFN-a after TLR stimulation [112] [113] [114] [115] [116] ; and increased responses to self-antigen [117] . In the meantime, senescent T cells, analogously to other senescent cells arising with age in the body, produce large amounts of proinflammatory cytokines (a phenomenon called senescence-associated secretory phenotype, SASP) as stated by the inflammaging characteristics of the human immune system [141, 142] . Given the central role of Treg cells in immune homeostasis, age-related loss of Treg function would be predicted to render the host susceptible to excessive immunity, encountered in elderly humans as a syndrome of chronic low-grade inflammation [172] . doi = 10.1007/s00281-020-00818-9 id = cord-257765-ljt9rn8z author = Ghisolfi, Selene title = Predicted COVID-19 fatality rates based on age, sex, comorbidities and health system capacity date = 2020-09-09 keywords = COVID-19; IFR; age summary = Accounting for differences in the distribution of age, sex and relevant comorbidities yields substantial differences in the predicted IFR across 21 world regions, ranging from 0.11% in Western Sub-Saharan Africa to 1.07% for high-income Asia Pacific. To account for the likelihood of higher fatality rates in under-resourced health systems, we adjust the predicted IFRs for differences in the relative odds of infection fatality from childhood respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) between world regions as a proxy for local capacity to treat viral respiratory illnesses. We can test the validity of our core assumption, namely, that variation in age, sex and comorbidity distributions as well as health system capacity explain differences in IFRs across countries by comparing our predicted IFRs to independently measured IFRs. For this exercise, we consider all studies reporting either IFRs or infection rates for populations with available COVID-19 fatalities, which were listed in the systematic review by Meyerowitz-Katz and Merone 17 or retrieved through an online search on July 2. doi = 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003094 id = cord-285546-5tjhdczt author = Green, Manfred S. title = The confounded crude case-fatality rates (CFR) for COVID-19 hide more than they reveal—a comparison of age-specific and age-adjusted CFRs between seven countries date = 2020-10-21 keywords = CFR; age summary = title: The confounded crude case-fatality rates (CFR) for COVID-19 hide more than they reveal—a comparison of age-specific and age-adjusted CFRs between seven countries BACKGROUND: Crude case-fatality rates (CFRs) for COVID-19 vary widely between countries. We examined how the age distribution of the cases is responsible for the COVID-19 CFR differences between countries. METHODS: COVID-19 cases and deaths, by ten-year age-groups, were available from the reports of seven countries. The age-adjusted CFRs were computed by the direct method, using the combined number of cases in all seven countries in each age group as the standard population. CONCLUSIONS: The age structure of the cases explains much of differences in the crude CFRs between countries and adjusting for age substantially reduces this variation. The age-specific number of cases, number of deaths and the crude CFRs by country are given in Table 1 . doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0241031 id = cord-254339-djmibi3a author = Griette, Quentin title = Unreported Cases for Age Dependent COVID-19 Outbreak in Japan date = 2020-06-17 keywords = age; figure; model summary = In particular, we build a new mathematical model and a new computational method to fit the data by using age classes dependent exponential growth at the early stage of the epidemic. We fit this model to the observed data and obtain a snapshot of the effective transmissions occurring inside the population at different times, which indicates where and among whom the disease propagates after the start of public mitigation measures. [17] also discuss age-related effects in the control of the COVID epidemic, and use statistical inference to fit an age-structured SIR variant to data; the model is then used to discuss the efficiency of different control strategies. One of the difficulties in fitting the model to the data is that the growth rate of the epidemic is different in each age class, which lead us to adapt our early method presented in Liu et al. doi = 10.3390/biology9060132 id = cord-029015-rn62sbfm author = Guyonnet, Sophie title = The INSPIRE Bio-Resource Research Platform for Healthy Aging and Geroscience: Focus on the Human Translational Research Cohort (The INSPIRE-T Cohort) date = 2020-07-10 keywords = CRB; INSPIRE; age; research summary = The INSPIRE Human Translational Cohort (INSPIRE-T cohort) will recruit about 1000 individuals of several chronological ages (from 20 years to 100+) and functional capacity levels (from robust to frail, and even disabled) with baseline and follow-up biological, clinical, imaging and digital data over 10 years. The remote monitoring of intrinsic capacity will last the whole length of this research study, i.e., up to ten years Other examinations are proposed to a limited number of participants (all age ranges and functional status) in a volunteer basis: Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for body composition assessment; Whole body and brain magnetic resonance (MRI); cardiorespiratory fitness (maximum oxygen consumption (V02 max) with blood sampling before and after the effort, and maximal aerobic power), and isokinetic muscle strength. The INSPIRE-T cohort will gather clinical, biological (including imaging), and digital data for subjects of several chronological ages and functional capacity status regularly followed over up to 10 years. doi = 10.14283/jfa.2020.38 id = cord-258093-6fn8ei9f author = Hanania, Nicola A. title = Asthma in the elderly: Current understanding and future research needs—a report of a National Institute on Aging (NIA) workshop date = 2011-08-25 keywords = COPD; adult; age; asthma; asthmatic; disease; elderly; old; patient summary = The aging lung Large, longitudinal, and more complete studies to determine the effects of aging on the function of the respiratory system Improved knowledge about lung structure-function relationships in older age using techniques of imaging and measures of lung function not requiring effort (eg, high-resolution computed tomographic scanning and forced oscillation) Improved assessment of lung processes underlying airflow limitation attributable to aging versus COPD or asthma, especially in asthmatic patients who smoke Studies to examine the effects of aging in ethnic groups and the role of gender Epidemiology, effect, diagnosis, and management Determine the true prevalence and cost of asthma in the older population Develop a uniform definition of asthma to be applied to health care records that will distinguish asthma from COPD and mixed asthma/COPD Evaluate evidence-based treatment algorithms for older asthmatic patients, such as those developed by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Global Initiative For Asthma guidelines 7 Assess the effect of asthma treatment, including direct medical costs of care, indirect costs of care, and value of treatment in improving quality of life 8, 9 Assess the effect of comorbid conditions, especially COPD and congestive heart failure, on asthma 9 Characterize phenotypes of elderly asthma with regard to responses to therapy and long-term outcomes based on age of onset, duration of disease, and environmental triggers Develop algorithms for electronic medical record systems that are asthma-specific Evaluate effects of current asthma medications in older patients compared with younger patients Identify pharmacogenetic determinants of response to asthma medications in older adults Identify simpler and safer drug delivery systems and schedules for older adults Develop simple methods to differentiate COPD from asthma exacerbations in older adults doi = 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.06.048 id = cord-005097-6xkx9a56 author = Herndler-Brandstetter, Dietmar title = Immunizations in the elderly: do they live up to their promise? date = 2006 keywords = CD8; age; cell; elderly summary = The present article aims at outlining the impact of infectious diseases on the elderly and summarizing the progress made in the field of vaccinations of the elderly and how age-related changes within the immune system contribute to the decreased efficacy of vaccines. The following paragraphs will now deal with the most important infectious diseases that threaten the elderly population and will present data on their occurrence, vaccine availability and efficacy, vaccination coverage and current health authority recommendations. This live-attenuated VZV vaccine, which is 14-times more potent than the currently available vaccines that prevent chickenpox, has specifically been developed to protect the reactivation of herpes zoster in elderly people [28, 29] . The frequent occurrence and severity of infectious diseases seen in the elderly is mostly related to an age-related decline in the functions of the immune system that also negatively influences the production of protective antibody levels after vaccination. doi = 10.1007/s10354-006-0267-8 id = cord-016903-z2vqfq98 author = Herndler-Brandstetter, Dietmar title = The Efficacy of Vaccines to Prevent Infectious Diseases in the Elderly date = 2007 keywords = CMV; age; elderly; person; vaccine summary = For instance, influenza, invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae infection, urinary tract and skin infections have a higher prevalence in elderly persons," Old individuals may also fail to respond sufficiently to therapy and frequently suffer from opportunistic infections, recurrent infections with the same pathogen or reactivation oflatent diseases, such as those caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis or the Varicella zoster virus. This may lead to an increased morbidity and mortality and to a spreading ofthe disease, in particular within institutionalized elderly persons.P Further difficulties include the increased emergence of new, multiple drug-resistant strains with higher rransmissibiliry," the poor efficacy of the current bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccine in protecting adults and elderly people from pulmonary Infection" and the increased risk ofTB co-infection in HIV positive patients." However, in the past few years, several TB vaccine candidates have entered phase I clinical trials, including adjuvanted subunit vaccines as well as improved live recombinant strains of the current BCG vaccine (Table 1 ). doi = 10.1007/978-0-387-76842-7_10 id = cord-335635-41u0cq1h author = Huynh, Hieu Trung title = Joint Age Estimation and Gender Classification of Asian Faces Using Wide ResNet date = 2020-08-27 keywords = Fig; age; asian summary = However, because of the lack of open and multi-ethnic datasets, most modern age and gender estimating models were trained solely based on white people with Western facial features, and thus fall short with non-Caucasian people. In this paper, we developed an applicable Wide ResNet model to estimate the age and the gender of Asian faces. Ultimately, the final aim of my paper is to make the best use of the data, as well as the existing deep learning techniques to put together a wellrounded implementation of Wide ResNet to create a reliable program that can be able to extract the age and gender of a certain Asian person with reasonable accuracy on both aspects. Most modern Age and Gender estimating models were trained based on white people with Western facial features, and the application on Asian faces has limitations. doi = 10.1007/s42979-020-00294-w id = cord-322024-yrqpq9cf author = Jevšnik, Monika title = Detection of human coronaviruses in simultaneously collected stool samples and nasopharyngeal swabs from hospitalized children with acute gastroenteritis date = 2013-02-05 keywords = AGE summary = METHODS: Stool samples and nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs collected from 260 children hospitalized for AGE (160 also had respiratory symptoms) and 157 otherwise healthy control children admitted for elective surgery were tested for the presence of four HCoVs using real time RT-PCR. CONCLUSIONS: Although HCoVs were more frequently detected in patients with AGE than in the control group, high prevalence of HCoVs in NP swabs compounded by their low occurrence in stool samples and detection of other viruses in stool samples, indicate that HCoVs probably play only a minor role in causing gastrointestinal illness in children <6 years old. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the presence of HCoVs in simultaneously collected stool samples and nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs in children with AGE (with or without associated respiratory symptoms) and in control subjects, with the aim of appraising their role in the etiology of AGE. doi = 10.1186/1743-422x-10-46 id = cord-309809-zvh2k97q author = Knepple Carney, Amy title = Age Moderates Perceived COVID-19 Disruption on Well-being date = 2020-08-18 keywords = COVID-19; age summary = DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Findings are consistent with the strength and vulnerability integration (SAVI) model, wherein older adults try to maintain positive emotional well-being; with middle-aged and older adults in the current study having experienced less negative impact on well-being. Even in non-crisis situations, regardless of age, higher levels of global perceived stress heighten a person''s negative affective response to stress (Scott et al., 2013) ; although, older adults in another study reported less of an increase in negative affect when faced with a daily stressor, compared to younger adults (Uchino, et al., 2006) . Consistent with previous findings on stress (Uchino, et al., 2006) , the current study found that when faced with a stressor, in this case a global pandemic, middle-aged and older adults may be better at regulating their emotions even when they perceive the stressor as disruptive. doi = 10.1093/geront/gnaa106 id = cord-031494-uvxb0ak9 author = Lamming, Dudley W. title = Introduction: Special Issue on Aging Science Talks: Science for our Community During Isolation date = 2020-09-06 keywords = age summary = title: Introduction: Special Issue on Aging Science Talks: Science for our Community During Isolation With the assistance of TMA editors Drs. Matt Kaeberlein and Scott Leiser, this special issue extends our CoI further by giving a voice to some of those researchers, primarily but not exclusively ECRs, who took up our call and helped successfully launch the Aging Science Talks CoI through the presentation of their research during the early days of the pandemic shutdown. First, we have created a forum for presenters, especially ECRs to highlight their work. Javier Apfield presents "The heat shock transcription factor HSF-1 protects Caenorhabditis elegans from peroxide stress Goldberg discusses "Integration of immune-metabolic signals to preserve healthy aging High-throughput chromatin screens to identify targets of senescence and aging" [9] and reviews "The eroding chromatin landscape of aging stem cells Integration of immune-metabolic signals to preserve healthy aging High-throughput chromatin screens to identify targets of senescence and aging doi = 10.1016/j.tma.2020.09.001 id = cord-352620-a0tt0ldm author = Lawler, Dennis title = Pathology of Gray Wolf Shoulders: Lessons in Species and Aging date = 2016-07-30 keywords = age; articular; joint; wolf summary = However, aged wolves'' life spans far exceeded those of similar‐sized domestic dogs and breeds, suggesting the possibility of an important species difference that should be explored. By comparison, many studies of shoulder diseases of domestic dogs have focused on imaging modalities, osteochondroses (Olsson, 1982) , and a variety of congenital or acquired problems involving tendon, ligament, muscle, joint capsule, and nerve structures that surround the joint (Sumner-Smith, 1993) . The comparative observation raises the question of whether an "aging threshold" exists in the gray wolf, as lifetime data appear to suggest for the domestic dog . Thus, the accumulated data suggest that cartilage degradation and its associated progressive histological inflammatory process are responsible for the aligned articular bone features that we observed in the gray wolves. When interpreting archaeological canid dry bone specimens, it is useful to retain this mental view of the overall process of degenerative joint disease, as observed in the domestic dog. doi = 10.1002/ar.23380 id = cord-142389-t5swlp04 author = Linden, Matthias title = The foreshadow of a second wave: An analysis of current COVID-19 fatalities in Germany date = 2020-10-12 keywords = IFR; SARS; age; case summary = We investigated this apparent discrepancy using age-stratified case and death reports [3] , and an age-dependent infection fatality rate (IFR). From this age-dependent IFR we predict the temporal evolution of the COVID-19associated deaths by delaying each age group''s observed weekly cases by two weeks and multiplying by the IFR (see supplementary material). The observed number deaths (black) in each age group matches well the predicted deaths calculated from the case numbers (color) using an age-dependent infection-fatality rate from a metaanalysis [4] . b. IFR calculation The overall goal is to estimate death numbers from past reported cases per age group and compare them to the observed number of deaths. c. Estimating the number of deaths from the reported SARS-CoV-2 cases The number of deaths is estimated by multiplying the published weekly number of reported cases in 5-years-wide age groups by the associated IFR (equation (2)). doi = nan id = cord-329626-lsbny5to author = Losada-Baltar, Andrés title = “We’re staying at home”. Association of self-perceptions of aging, personal and family resources and loneliness with psychological distress during the lock-down period of COVID-19 date = 2020-04-13 keywords = COVID-19; age summary = Being female, younger, having negative self-perceptions about aging, more time exposed to news about COVID-19, more contact with relatives different to those that co-reside, fewer positive emotions, less perceived self-efficacy, lower quality of sleep, higher expressed emotion and higher loneliness were associated with higher distress. Drawing upon the stress and coping model (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984) , which highlights the relevance of personal or social resources for understanding the differences in distress between individuals, the objective of this study is to analyze the capacity of variables related to the outbreak of COVID-19 to explain loneliness and distress in people exposed to COVID-19 lock-down scenario, controlling for sociodemographic variables (including age and selfperceptions of aging), and personal and family resources. The variables with a significant contribution to explaining distress in the final model were: being female, of lower chronological age, higher negative self-perceptions about aging, more time devoted to COVID-19 information, more contact with other relatives different to those that co-reside, fewer daily positive emotions, less perceived self-efficacy, lower reported quality of sleep, higher expressed emotion and higher loneliness. doi = 10.1093/geronb/gbaa048 id = cord-291184-uza4orb8 author = Lyra, Wladimir title = COVID-19 pandemics modeling with SEIR(+CAQH), social distancing, and age stratification. The effect of vertical confinement and release in Brazil. date = 2020-04-14 keywords = COVID-19; age; confinement summary = We find that starting from 60% horizontal confinement, an exit strategy on May 1st of confinement of individuals older than 60 years old and full release of the younger population results in 400 000 hospitalizations, 50 000 ICU cases, and 120 000 deaths in the 50-60 years old age group alone. 29 Here we develop an SIR type compartmental models for COVID-19 including both 30 symptomatic and asymptomatic, quarantined, and hospitalized while taking into 31 consideration differences by age groups. The timescales σ, γ, θ, and ξ, as well as the fractions p and w, are found by Markov 152 chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) fitting, with priors as given in Table 1 Fig. 4a shows the evolution of the compartments of exposed (E), asymptomatic (A), 166 symptomatic (I), and hospitalized (H), in linear scale. Collapse of health care system can be avoided if vertical 213 confinement is instored on people who are 60 or older, but at the expense of a significant 214 number of extra ICU cases for the 50-60 age bin. doi = 10.1101/2020.04.09.20060053 id = cord-309885-6sjxi2et author = Maremanda, Krishna P. title = Age-Dependent Assessment of Genes Involved in Cellular Senescence, Telomere, and Mitochondrial Pathways in Human Lung Tissue of Smokers, COPD, and IPF: Associations With SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 ACE2-TMPRSS2-Furin-DPP4 Axis date = 2020-09-09 keywords = COPD; IPF; age; figure; smoker summary = title: Age-Dependent Assessment of Genes Involved in Cellular Senescence, Telomere, and Mitochondrial Pathways in Human Lung Tissue of Smokers, COPD, and IPF: Associations With SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 ACE2-TMPRSS2-Furin-DPP4 Axis RESULTS: Several genes were differentially expressed in younger and older smokers, and patients with COPD and IPF compared to non-smokers which were part of the mitochondrial biogenesis/function (HSPD1, FEN1, COX18, COX10, UCP2 & 3), cellular senescence (PCNA, PTEN, KLOTHO, CDKN1C, TNKS2, NFATC1 & 2, GADD45A), and telomere replication/maintenance (PARP1, SIRT6, NBN, TERT, RAD17, SLX4, HAT1) target genes. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, these findings suggest that altered transcription of target genes that regulate mitochondrial function, cellular senescence, and telomere attrition in the pathobiology of lung aging in COPD and IPF is associated with alterations in SARS-CoV-2 ACE2-TMPRSS2-Furin-DPP4 axis as pharmacological targets for COVID-19. doi = 10.3389/fphar.2020.584637 id = cord-259012-rk0sd9i5 author = Mehta, Hemal title = Trends in Real-World Neovascular AMD Treatment Outcomes in the UK date = 2020-10-14 keywords = age; study summary = PURPOSE: To report trends in real-world outcomes of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) in the United Kingdom (UK) over the last decade. The following multipurpose (.mp) search terms and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms where available were used: macular degeneration, age related macula degeneration, AMD, nAMD, neovascular, wet, VEGF, anti-VEGF, ranibizumab, Lucentis, aflibercept, Eylea, bevacizumab, Avastin, visual acuity, visual outcomes, vision, ocular, blindness, registry, database, long term study/studies, observational study/studies, Phase IV study/studies, real world, real-world, United Kingdom, UK, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, England. Predicting visual outcomes in patients treated with aflibercept for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: data from a real-world clinical setting Impact of injection frequency on 5-year real-world visual acuity outcomes of aflibercept therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration Realworld visual and clinical outcomes for patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration treated with intravitreal ranibizumab: an 8-year observational cohort (AMD8) doi = 10.2147/opth.s275977 id = cord-344713-jisp238l author = Meyers, Keith title = Can pandemics affect educational attainment? Evidence from the polio epidemic of 1916 date = 2020-07-27 keywords = New; age; polio; school summary = Our results show that children born in states with more reported polio cases had lower educational attainment compared to slightly older birth cohorts who would have already completed schooling before the 1916-1917 school year and that the decline in educational attainment varied depending on their age during the outbreak. To test whether the epidemic influenced the educational attainment of exposed cohorts, we match a sample of white males born between 1895 and 1916 with the 1916 polio morbidity rate in their state of birth, and the years of education they report having in the 1940 US Census (Ruggles et al. 25 Results reported in Table 7 show that including the influenza death rate and its interactions with age groups does not affect our finding that children of legal working age in states with greater numbers of polio cases had less educational attainment. doi = 10.1007/s11698-020-00212-3 id = cord-017916-wh708hes author = Mocchegiani, Eugenio title = Role of Zinc and Selenium in Oxidative Stress and Immunosenescence: Implications for Healthy Ageing and Longevity date = 2008-08-04 keywords = Mocchegiani; age; effect; immune; selenium; zinc summary = Some nutritional factors (zinc and selenium) may remodel these changes leading to a possible escaping of diseases with subsequent healthy ageing, because they are especially involved in improving immune functions as well as antioxidant defense. Therefore, the interrelationships between zinc and MT is crucial in maintaining the immune response especially in ageing where the production of proinflammatory cytokines is chronic leading to a constant presence of inflammatory status coupled with low intracellular zinc ion bioavailability (Mocchegiani et al. All these "in vitro" and "in vivo" studies in ageing, some age-related diseases, and syndrome of accelerated ageing (nude mice, nTx mice, Down''s Syndrome) demonstrate the pivotal role played by zinc supplementation in maintaining or improving global immune response and in fighting the oxidative stress, strengthen by findings observed in human centenarians. doi = 10.1007/978-1-4020-9063-9_66 id = cord-282839-3ii79g6j author = Moreno-Fernández Ayala, Daniel J. title = Age-related mitochondrial dysfunction as a key factor in COVID-19 disease date = 2020-11-07 keywords = COVID-19; SARS; age; inflammation; mitochondrial summary = Thus, it seems clear that mitochondrial dysfunction is an important factor in the proinflammatory profile caused by the release of inflammatory cytokines produced by activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and other mechanisms over-activated in aging and in metabolic diseases. It seems clear that, mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic patients contributes importantly to the low-grade inflammatory profile associated with this disease that is aggravated during aging and has been associated with higher severity in COVID-19 infection. Mediterranean diet, rich in plant foods, is associated with reduced risk of developing age-J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f related chronic diseases by inducing protection against oxidative stress and improving mitochondrial activity that could be the cause of a reduced inflammation level (Tosti et al., 2018) . Mitochondrial dysfunction releases many damage signals to cytosol that end in the activation of inflammasome and the release of inflammatory cytokines that cause the chronic inflammation associated with aging and age-related diseases. doi = 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111147 id = cord-313218-4rbxdimf author = Narushima, Miya title = “Fiercely independent”: Experiences of aging in the right place of older women living alone with physical limitations date = 2020-09-09 keywords = Canada; age; home; old; participant summary = However, we also found that older women are largely silent about their needs, and that experiences varied depending on life histories, health conditions, and the availability of supports in their wider environment (home care, alternative housing options, accessible transportation, opportunities for social and physical activities). Comparing the 2011 and 2016 censuses, the ratio of people aged 65 and older living in "collective dwellings" (e.g., assisted living, supportive housing, retirement residences, seniors'' apartments, continuum care facilities, and nursing homes) has dropped from 7.9% to 6.9% (Garner, Tanuseputro, Manuel, & Sanmartin, 2018; Statistics Canada, 2012) . For example, in a public guide issued by the federal government, "aging in place" is defined as "having access to services and the health and social supports and services you need to live safely and independently in your home or your community for as long as you wish and are able" (Federal/Provincial/Territorial Ministers Responsible for Seniors, 2015, p.1). doi = 10.1016/j.jaging.2020.100875 id = cord-294180-t5bncpo4 author = Neto, Leônidas Oliveira title = Aging and Coronavirus: Exploring Complementary Therapies to Avoid Inflammatory Overload date = 2020-06-26 keywords = COVID-19; age; inflammatory; physical summary = It is interesting to highlight that both aging and chronic diseases are linked to an increase in levels of systemic inflammation, which could explain a potential common pathway between these factors and COVID-19. In this context, lifestyle and nutraceuticals arise as important prophylactic interventions to reduce the burden of baseline inflammation in older adults and consequently improve quality of life, mobility, cognition, mood, and metabolic and immune balances, especially during the pandemic. Vitamin D, or more specifically, 25hydroxyvitamin D [25 (OH) D], is an anti-inflammatory nutrient (41) , and reduces the activation of the renin-angiotensin system, preventing hypertension (42), besides its importance to bone and muscle, an inverse relationship is also observed between its levels and mortality risk in old adults (43) . Furthermore, reducing sedentary behavior and engaging in exercise may increasing the production of systemic anti-inflammatory cytokines and help to combat inflammation (63, 64) by increasing innate immune function (65) and decreasing the chronic inflammation related to various diseases (66) . doi = 10.3389/fmed.2020.00354 id = cord-018449-4vdqq961 author = Norrie, Philip title = How Disease Affected the End of the Bronze Age date = 2016-06-26 keywords = Age; BCE; Bronze; East; Hittite; Near; Philistines; Sea; end summary = These are the real reason that the end of the Bronze Age in the Near East was called either the "catastrophe" or the "collapse" due to its short time frame of 50 years, the mass migration of the general population and the "Sea Peoples" plus the abandonment of cities such as Hattusa, the capital of the Hittite Empire c.1200 bce. Any historian trying to fi nd the cause of the end of the Bronze Age and the Hittite Empire must explain: the short time frame of approximately 50 years, when it occurred between 1200-1150 BCE ; the mass migrations not only of normal people but also of the "Sea Peoples"; and the fact that so many large cities, such as the Hittite capital Hattusa, were simply abandoned and not destroyed or occupied by raiders or invaders. doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-28937-3_5 id = cord-035015-slgywe0c author = Nunn, Alistair V. W. title = SARS-CoV-2 and mitochondrial health: implications of lifestyle and ageing date = 2020-11-09 keywords = ACE2; COVID-19; ROS; SARS; age; cell; function; mitochondrial; virus summary = Data is now showing that COVID-19 patients do have populations of T-cells displaying mitochondrial dysfunction, as well as altered mitochondrial markers in monocyteshinting that immune-metabolic phenotyping could be used to understand disease pathogenesis and possible treatments; this could include targeting mitochondria [32] . The underlying aetiology for "inflammaging" has long thought to be associated with mitochondrial dysfunction as suggested by Nick Lane in 2003 in his "double agent" theory [5] , and is now receiving renewed interest, for instance, in how decreasing mitochondrial function can reduce T-cell function and enhance immune senescence, as mitochondria are pivotal in metabolic reprogramming towards the Warburg effect [40] . Furthermore, as evidence indicates that many viruses, which most likely include SARs-CoV-2, modulate bioenergetics and redox in both the immune system and other cells they infect to enhance their own replication, they could potentially induce excessive stress in these systems if their mitochondria are already sub-optimally functional. doi = 10.1186/s12979-020-00204-x id = cord-259971-e3h8pr1v author = Nwachukwu, Izu title = COVID-19 Pandemic: Age-Related Differences in Measures of Stress, Anxiety and Depression in Canada date = 2020-09-01 keywords = PSS; age; covid-19 summary = Conclusions: The finding that the prevalence rates and the mean scores for stress, anxiety, and depression on standardized scales to decrease from younger to older subscribers is an interesting observation with potential implications for planning to meet mental health service needs during COVID-19. In an online survey of Chinese subjects, prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder and depressive symptoms was significantly higher in participants younger than 35 years than in participants aged 35 years or older [13] with age and amount of time spent focusing on COVID-19 identified as potential risk factors for psychological illness. On the other hand, older people tend to be less socially mobile than younger ones, thus possibly explaining their reported lower scores on rating scales for stress, anxiety, and depression during a pandemic lockdown. The trend for mean scores across the stress, depression, and anxiety scales to decrease in severity from younger to older age has potential implications for planning to meet mental health service needs during COVID-19. doi = 10.3390/ijerph17176366 id = cord-322486-qwl7nzkr author = Omori, Ryosuke title = The age distribution of mortality from novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) suggests no large difference of susceptibility by age date = 2020-10-06 keywords = COVID-19; age summary = We estimated the parameter which describes the age-dependency of susceptibility by fitting the model to reported data, including the effect of change in contact patterns during the epidemics of COVID-19, and the fraction of symptomatic infections. Our study revealed that if the mortality rate or the fraction of symptomatic infections among all COVID-19 cases does not depend on age, then unrealistically different age-dependencies of susceptibilities against COVID-19 infections between Italy, Japan, and Spain are required to explain the similar age distribution of mortality but different basic reproduction numbers (R(0)). Assuming that the age-dependency of mortality by COVID-19 is determined by only age-dependent susceptibility (model 1), i.e., the mortality rate does not depend on age, the exponent parameter, φ, describing the variation of susceptibility among age groups for each country, Italy, Japan, and Spain, was estimated as shown in Fig. 4 . doi = 10.1038/s41598-020-73777-8 id = cord-007084-4niom5mw author = POPPLEWELL, PHILIP Y. title = The Influence of Age on Steroidogenic Enzyme Activities of the Rat Adrenal Gland: Enhanced Expression of Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Activity(*) date = 1987-06-01 keywords = activity; age; cytochrome; rat summary = Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme activity, the rate-limiting enzyme in corticosterone biosynthesis, was measured in adrenal mitochondria isolated from 2-, 12-, and 18-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats. Under basal conditions (without 25-hydroxycholesterol), cholesterol side-chain cleavage activity (expressed as nanomoles of pregnenolone produced per min mg protein" 1 ) increased (P < 0.001) from a mean (±SE) of 0.43 ± 0.06 in 2-month-old rats to 1.26 ± 0.11 and 1.51 ± 0.06 in the 12-and 18-month-old rats, respectively. Accordingly, we measured cholesterol side-chain cleavage, 3/3-HSD, 21-hydroxylase, 11/3-hydroxylase activities, and cytochrome P450 contents in appropriate mitochondrial and microsomal fractions of adrenals from 2-, 12-, and 18-month-old rats. Results of the present study also suggest that the decline in steroidogenesis observed in adrenocortical cells isolated from senescent rats is not related to a reduction in cholesterol side-chain cleavage activity or other steroidogenic responses, as measured in vitro in isolated subcellular components. doi = 10.1210/endo-120-6-2521 id = cord-311029-x0lk4110 author = Palermo, Sara title = Covid-19 Pandemic: Maximizing Future Vaccination Treatments Considering Aging and Frailty date = 2020-09-18 keywords = COVID-19; SARS; age; elderly; frailty summary = For that reason, the Clinical Trials Regulation (EC) No. 536/2014 states that "in order to improve treatments available for vulnerable groups such as frail or older people, people suffering from multiple chronic conditions, and people affected by mental health disorders, medicinal products which are likely to be of significant clinical value should be fully and appropriately studied for their effects in these specific groups, including as regards requirements related to their specific characteristics and the protection of the health and well-being of subjects belonging to these groups." Indeed, EMA develops scientific guidelines to help medicine developers address the specific requirements of older people in their medicine development programs, including in the design and conduct of clinical trials. EMA disclosed a reflection paper on "Physical frailty: instruments for baseline characterization of older populations in clinical trials" (7), actively recognizing the importance of considering the various types of aging when experimenting and developing new pharmacological treatments. doi = 10.3389/fmed.2020.558835 id = cord-002005-35c6mak0 author = Parker, Philip D. title = What Effect Did the Global Financial Crisis Have Upon Youth Wellbeing? Evidence From Four Australian Cohorts date = 2016-02-08 keywords = GFC; age; cohort; effect summary = Harmonizing 4 longitudinal cohorts of Australian youth (N = 38,017), we estimate the impact of the GFC on 1 general and 11 domain specific measures of wellbeing at age 19 and 22. As noted above, there is some evidence to suggest that social wellbeing and optimism for the future is particularly at risk during economic hard times (Clark & Heath, 2014; Elder, 1999; Lau et al., 2008) , yet research in this area has been relatively limited in the number of domains explored. The nature of the LSAY data, four birth cohorts measured roughly three years apart, allows us to compare the influence of the GFC at two distinct ages in the post high-school transition period (i.e., age 19 and 22). We were able to overcome limitations in previous research via the use of multiple cohorts of longitudinal data to explore the influence of the GFC at two different ages in one general and 11 domain specific measures of wellbeing. doi = 10.1037/dev0000092 id = cord-254896-e6k1bp9n author = Posch, Martin title = Analysis of Austrian COVID-19 deaths by age and sex date = 2020-07-03 keywords = COVID-19; age summary = The observed age dependency of the proportions of registered COVID-19 deaths in relation to the population sizes in the age groups is approximately exponential, similar to the age dependency of the general age specific mortality rate. Comparing the infection fatality rate estimates reported in [3] with the normal annual mortality rates for Austria, we see parallels as well -the estimated risk of death with COVID-19 is for the majority of age groups roughly as high as the normal risk of dying within 1-2 years (Fig. 3 , black dots). We also observe that the number of those who have died in Austria with COVID-19 per population size in the respective age and sex group have a similar exponential age dependency as the estimated infection fatality rates (Fig. 2a, b and 3) . doi = 10.1007/s00508-020-01707-9 id = cord-322704-0suc6pt6 author = Riffe, T. title = COVeAGE-DB: A database of age-structured COVID-19 cases and deaths. date = 2020-09-23 keywords = age; covid-19 summary = COVerAGE-DB is an open access database including cumulative counts of confirmed COVID-19 cases, deaths, and tests by age and sex. Centralization, standardization, and harmonization of data is critical to enable comparisons of the demographic impact of COVID-19 vis-à-vis differences in the age-compositions of confirmed infections and deaths. At this writing, the database contai ns daily counts of COVID-19 cases, deaths, and tests performed by age and sex for 87 national and 195 subnational populations around the world, depending on the available data for each source. Generally, COVID-19 cases, deaths and tests are reported as counts in 10-year age groups, but some sources report data in other metrics (fractions, percents, ratios) or as summary indicators such as case fatality ratios by age. The main strength of COVerAGE-DB is to provide a centralized, open-access, and fully reproducible repository of age-and sex-specific case, death, and test counts from COVID-19, collected from official sources, and harmonized to standard output formats. doi = 10.1101/2020.09.18.20197228 id = cord-305475-lhi0hcki author = Risku, Minna title = Human bocavirus types 1, 2 and 3 in acute gastroenteritis of childhood date = 2012-05-24 keywords = PCR; age summary = We studied 878 stool specimens from children with acute gastroenteritis and 112 controls (43 children with unspecified fever, 33 with respiratory tract infection and 36 healthy children) for known HBoVs. The same specimens were previously studied for rotaviruses, noroviruses, sapoviruses, adenoviruses, coronaviruses and aichivirus. As in the case of the respiratory tract, simultaneous presence of HBoV1 with other, previously established gastroenteritis viruses is common in faecal specimens (10, 12, 13) , and no clear connection between HBoV1 and AGE of children has been established (11, 13, 14) . We did a thorough work-up of most of the established gastroenteritis viruses including rotaviruses, noroviruses, sapoviruses, enteric adenoviruses, coronaviruses and aichivirus (astroviruses or bacterial pathogens were not studied) and found co-infections in 81.2% of all bocavirus-positive AGE cases. Human bocavirus in children hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis: a case-control study doi = 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2012.02727.x id = cord-315126-713k0b9u author = Rudolph, Cort W. title = Generations and Generational Differences: Debunking Myths in Organizational Science and Practice and Paving New Paths Forward date = 2020-09-04 keywords = Baltes; Rudolph; Zacher; age; generation; perspective; social; work summary = Second, with these debunked myths as a backdrop, we focus on two alternative and complementary frameworks—the social constructionist perspective and the lifespan development perspective—with promise for changing the way we think about age, aging, and generations at work. We argue that the social constructionist perspective offers important opportunities for understanding the persistence and pervasiveness of generations and that, as an alternative to studying generations, the lifespan perspective represents a better model for understanding how age operates and development unfolds at work. These complementary approaches-the social constructionist and the lifespan development perspective-offer alternative paths forward for studying age and age-related processes at work that do not require a reliance on generational explanations. The social constructionist perspective also encourages changing the discourse among practitioners, shifting the focus away from managing generations as discrete groups and toward developing more age-conscious personnel practices, policies, and procedures that support workers across the entirety of their working lifespans (e.g., Rudolph & Zacher, 2020c) . doi = 10.1007/s10869-020-09715-2 id = cord-296494-6kn4mr04 author = Saban-Ruiz, J. title = COVID-19: A Personalized Cardiometabolic Approach for Reducing Complications and Costs. The Role of Aging Beyond Topics date = 2020-05-12 keywords = ACE2; CMM; COVID-19; SARS; age; patient summary = Bearing this in mind, it is quite likely, that if we have fewer complications, particularly severe ones (cardiac arrest, ventricular tachyarrhythmia, acute heart failure, acute coronary syndrome, haemorrhagic or massive ischaemic stroke), this integrated approach could cut down the elevated mortality in the highest risk group (cancer, COPD and oldest subjects with comorbidities), usually preceded by a multi-organ failure. In aged COVID-19 patients or with history of coronary artery disease (CAD) an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) can also be seen for plaque vulnerability in the presence of a pro-inflammatory state with cytokine release (71) but from the experience in animals, could it be plausible that any of them could be due to arteritis? The third aspect would be the combination of T2DM and Heart failure (HF) (the most frequent cardiac complication in any of the phases of the disease), which is present in a high percentage of patients, especially those at higher risk. doi = 10.1007/s12603-020-1385-5 id = cord-331065-tzvkj2rm author = Terracciano, Antonio title = Changes in Subjective Age During COVID-19 date = 2020-08-07 keywords = COVID-19; age; subjective summary = The only significant predictor of change in subjective age was the belief that the "coronavirus is only a threat to older adults": The more individuals agreed with this statement, the more likely it was that they felt increasingly younger at follow-up. Experimental research found that when individuals are exposed to negative age-related information, they react by distancing themselves from their age-group and their chronological age, resulting in a younger subjective age (Weiss & Freund, 2012; Weiss & Lang, 2012 The primary scope of the study was to examine the trajectory of subjective age in the context of COVID-19 with longitudinal data from a nation-wide sample of Americans aged 18 to 100 years. We tested the five moderators (age, disease burden, negative expectations about aging, "coronavirus is only a threat to older adults", and stress) in one model that included data from the first two waves, the A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 14 demographic covariates, and the main effects and interactions with time of the six variables. doi = 10.1093/geront/gnaa104 id = cord-353600-5wo74ms4 author = Tyrrell, Daniel J. title = Ageing and atherosclerosis: vascular intrinsic and extrinsic factors and potential role of IL-6 date = 2020-09-11 keywords = IL-6; age; cell; chip; il6; mouse summary = In mice, ageing is associated with an elevation in the levels of the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 in the aorta, which participates in a positive feedback loop with the impaired vascular mitochondrial function to accelerate atherogenesis. • Ageing-related alterations in the bone marrow increase the phenomenon of clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) and promote a skewing towards myeloid cell differentiation, both of which can accelerate atherosclerosis. • The role of the vasculature and myeloid cells of the immune system in promoting age-related atherosclerosis might be mediated by shared inflammatory pathways, in particular IL-6 signalling. In a 2019 study in mice, β 2 adrenergic receptor signalling in the bone marrow niche was found to increase with ageing in association with increased generation of myeloid cells and platelets through an IL6 dependent mechanism 60 . Blocking IL-6 might interfere with the increased IL-6 signalling in bone marrow adipocytes that occurs with ageing (which promotes a skewing towards myeloid cell differentiation), thereby reducing the risk of clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP). doi = 10.1038/s41569-020-0431-7 id = cord-007303-wuuhlowd author = Valkonen, Tarmo title = The Finnish Pension System and Its Future Challenges date = 2020-04-01 keywords = age; pension; rate summary = The negative experiences of war-time infl ation and political resistance led to the 1957 pension reform that included abandonment of pre-funding, equalisation of pensions, introduction of income-and wealth-tested The Finnish pension system has succeeded in gaining high social, and reasonable fi nancial sustainability. The balance between reaching the ambitious redistribution goals and minimising labour supply distortions is achieved with tax-fi nanced, income tested basic pensions, income-tested basic pensions and a strong link between wage income and accrued pensions for middle-and high-income workers in the earnings-related schemes. By law, the earnings-related pension scheme follows the defi ned benefi t rule, where contribution rates adjust to shocks that weaken the contribution base or increase expenditures. Key elements were the harmonisation of the benefi t rules of different earnings-related schemes, a tighter link between earned income and accruals, introduction of fl exible old age retirement, gradual abolishment of several early retirement schemes and the introduction of a link between life expectancy of the retiring cohort and the pensions. doi = 10.1007/s10272-020-0877-1 id = cord-344653-to7571tw author = Whatley, Mary C. title = Younger and Older Adults’ Mood and Expectations Regarding Aging During COVID-19 date = 2020-09-16 keywords = COVID-19; adult; age summary = In the current studies, we examined mood, expectations regarding aging, coronavirus attitudes, and loneliness in younger and older adults. Eighty-six older adults who completed the Expectations Regarding Aging (ERA) and Brief Mood Introspection Scale (BMIS) between January 2018 and December 2019 (Time 1) were contacted to participate. In Study 1, we found that overall, our sample of older adults was maintaining positive mood and expectations about aging during the COVID-19 pandemic, but that they reported more negative arousal. In Study 2, we attempted to replicate findings from Study 1 regarding loneliness, COVID-19 attitudes, mood, and expectations regarding aging in a larger sample of older adults. We also examined age-related differences in mood, expectations about aging, loneliness, and attitudes toward COVID-19 in a national sample of older and younger adults. Pearson''s correlations were conducted within each age group to examine associations between overall ERA score, BMIS pleasant-unpleasant mood, COVID-19 score, loneliness rating, and relevant demographic factors like age, gender, education, income, and overall health. doi = 10.1177/2333721420960259 id = cord-312840-jvdph782 author = White, Laura F title = Determining the dynamics of influenza transmission by age date = 2014-03-21 keywords = South; age summary = We introduce a simple method to estimate the reproductive number by modifying the method originally proposed by Wallinga and Teunis and using existing information on contact patterns between age groups. Studies examining disease transmission by age have consistently shown that children have higher estimated values of the reproductive number than adults. Figures 3a and 3b shows the estimates of R 0 across the 10 age groups obtained when using contact patterns from South Africa and the eight European countries in the PolyMod study for all close contacts (Figure 3a ) and all contacts involving physical touch (Figure 3b ). We present a novel approach to estimating the effective and basic reproductive number by age group, and have applied this method to data from the 2009 Influenza H1N1pdm in Gauteng Province in South Africa. We have applied a novel method to estimate transmission patterns between individuals from different age groups during the 2009 Influenza H1N1pdm in South Africa. doi = 10.1186/1742-7622-11-4 id = cord-016301-vqmqnipq author = Winnick, Aaron M. title = Elderly Transplant Recipients date = 2011-01-25 keywords = age; old; patient; recipient; transplantation; year summary = Current success in transplanting kidneys into older recipients has quieted misconceptions within medical communities and the general public, among them the erroneous belief that advanced age alone prevents a successful surgical outcome, that the elderly patient with ESRD has a very limited life expectancy, and thus cannot receive a transplant, and that older recipients have poor results based upon outdated information from the previous era of transplantation and immunosuppression. While ECD kidneys carry a relative risk of graft failure greater than 1.7 compared to a reference group of donors aged 10-39 years without any of the above three conditions, elderly recipients of ECD kidneys were found to have a survival benefit compared with waiting-list candidates (RR = 0.75; 95% CI 0.65-0.86; p < 0.0001) [8] . One study evaluated 91 transplant recipients over the age of 60 over a 13-year span and reported a 10-year patient survival of 35% in the elderly group and 60% in the younger patients ( p < 0.05). doi = 10.1007/978-1-4419-6999-6_98 id = cord-325722-ixozph19 author = Yip, Paul title = Optimal Strategies for Reducing Number of People in the Social Security System date = 2020-02-18 keywords = CSSA; Hong; Kong; age summary = The results indicate that by tailoring measures to specific subgroups, the overall number of CSSA recipients would be reduced, thereby improving the efficiency of Hong Kong''s social security system, which has accounted for more than 16.5% of Hong Kong government expenditure in 2018, amounting to more than HKD 92 billion. It is important to consider whether the "entering approach" is indeed more effective than the "leaving approach" in reducing the number of CSSA recipients in Hong Kong. From these results, it seems that preventing people aged 20-29 from entering the CSSA system has a larger impact; that is, the "entering" approach would be more effective in reducing the number of CSSA recipients in 2014. The propose model provides empirical evidence to identify the potential target groups of people that would lead to the largest reduction in the number of the CSSA recipients in the Hong Kong Social Security System. doi = 10.3390/ijerph17041305 id = cord-356223-8qn164k5 author = Yu, Hannah J. title = Home Monitoring of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Real-World Utility of the ForeseeHome Device for Detection of Neovascularization date = 2020-08-15 keywords = Age; home summary = title: Home Monitoring of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Real-World Utility of the ForeseeHome Device for Detection of Neovascularization PURPOSE: To evaluate real-world utility of the ForeseeHome monitoring device for the detection of conversion from intermediate age-related macular degeneration (iAMD) to neovascular AMD (nAMD) and compare with results published by the HOME study. In 2014, the HOME study reported beneficial results from a randomized trial using the 122 ForeseeHome device (Notal Vision Ltd, Tel Aviv, Israel) for early detection of 123 conversion to nAMD. 34 The purpose of the current analysis was to determine the compliance of patients For each patient, the eye prescribed, age at first use, length of use, days since last 159 exam, total number of tests, ability to establish baseline, alert number and alert types 160 were collected from the ForeseeHome portal (www.foreseehomeonline.com). Randomized trial of the ForeseeHome 553 monitoring device for early detection of neovascular age-related macular degeneration doi = 10.1016/j.oret.2020.08.003 id = cord-340028-6oicmeam author = Zhavoronkov, Alex title = Geroprotective and senoremediative strategies to reduce the comorbidity, infection rates, severity, and lethality in gerophilic and gerolavic infections date = 2020-03-31 keywords = COVID-19; NAD; SARS; age; clinical; infection summary = Here we compare the expected benefit of treatments for elderly populations (60 years and older) that are currently in development, including standard preventative strategies such as vaccines and antivirals targeting SARS-CoV-2, and the potential added benefit of speculative geroprotective strategies such as rapalogs, NAD+ boosters, senolytics, and stem cell treatment. People >60 years of age with chronic medical conditions, such as type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease, direct immunosuppression from HIV, posttransplant or biologic treatment, pregnant individuals, or those with BMI>40, are believed to be at higher risk for influenza infection due to a weakened immune response [31] . As discussed in this paper, small clinical studies have shown that several geroprotective and senoremediative interventions, such as treatment with AGING sirolimus and rapalogs, can induce immunopotentiation, increase resistance to infection, and reduce disease severity in the elderly, without severe side effects. doi = 10.18632/aging.102988 id = cord-318977-4ng6gxpv author = Zittoun, Tania title = The relevance of a sociocultural perspective for understanding learning and development in older age date = 2020-09-26 keywords = Zittoun; age; life; old; people summary = To develop such a theoretical frame, we draw on a sociocultural psychology of learning and development, which so far has been mainly focused on children, young adults and adults, as well as on the growing field of anthropological (Droz-Mendelzweig, 2013; Lieblich, 2014; Sarason, 2011) , critical gerontology, sociological and narrative approaches (Freeman, 2011; Gubrium, 1995 Gubrium, , 2011 , and clinical studies of the lives of older people (Aumont & Coconnier, 2016; Bergeret-Amselek, 2016; Gutton, 2016; Quinodoz, 2008; Villa, 2010) . Sociocultural psychology is a theoretical approach to human experience and development that considers the mutual constitution of the person and their social and cultural world, as these dynamics are located in time and space; it also gives a central role to human experience and sense-making (Cole, 1996; Rosa & Valsiner, 2018; Valsiner, 2012; Wertsch, 1998) . Hence, at a sociogenetic level, we call for a careful analysis of the historical evolution and local specificities of the dominant discourses on ageing persons, the institutional arrangements setting conditions for older people''s lives, and the differentiated dynamics of social inclusion and exclusion of elderly persons. doi = 10.1016/j.lcsi.2020.100453 id = cord-274546-jswt3pun author = griette, q. title = Unreported cases for Age Dependent COVID-19 Outbreak in Japan date = 2020-05-12 keywords = age summary = We fit this model to the observed data and obtain a snapshot of the effective transmissions occurring inside the population at different times, which indicates where and among whom the disease propagates after the start of the public measures. One of the difficulties in fitting the model to the data is that the growth rate of the epidemic is different in each age class, which lead us to adapt our early method presented in [9] . Here t ≥ t 0 is time in days, t 0 is the starting date of the epidemic in the model, S(t) is the number of individuals susceptible to infection at time t, I(t) is the number of asymptomatic infectious individuals at time t, R(t) is the number of reported symptomatic infectious individuals at time t, and U (t) is the number of unreported symptomatic infectious individuals at time t. Predicting the cumulative number of cases for the COVID-19 epidemic in China from early data doi = 10.1101/2020.05.07.20093807 id = cord-002774-tpqsjjet author = nan title = Section II: Poster Sessions date = 2017-12-01 keywords = AIDS; Canada; Centre; City; Community; HCV; HIV; Health; India; MSM; National; New; Toronto; Vancouver; York; access; african; age; care; child; datum; drug; group; high; introduction; method; need; patient; population; poster; program; research; result; service; session; social; study; urban; woman; year summary = Results: The CHIP Framework The CHIP framework aims to improve the health and wellness of the urban communities served by St. Josephs Health Centre through four intersecting pillars: • Raising Community Voices provides an infrastructure and process that supports community stakeholder input into health care service planning, decision-making, and delivery by the hospital and across the continuum of care; • Sharing Reciprocal Capacity promotes healthy communities through the sharing of our intellectual and physical capacity with our community partners; • Cultivating Integration Initiatives facilitates vertical, horizontal, and intersectoral integration initiatives in support of community-identified needs and gaps; and • Facilitating Healthy Exchange develops best practices in community integration through community-based research, and facilitates community voice in informing public policy. doi = 10.1093/jurban/jti137 id = cord-004675-n8mlxe7p author = nan title = 2019 CIS Annual Meeting: Immune Deficiency & Dysregulation North American Conference date = 2019-02-26 keywords = ADA; CD3; CD4; CD8; CGD; CMV; CVID; EBV; HLH; HSCT; IFN; IVIG; PCR; PID; PIDD; RAG1; SCID; TCL; age; case; cell; disease; dna; dock8; infection; mutation; patient; report; result; year summary = However, the mean infusion rate per site was similar between patients aged <18 years ( XMEN disease (X-linked Immunodeficency with Magnesium defect, Epstein-Barr virus infection and Neoplasia) is a primary immune deficiency caused by mutations in MAGT1 and characterized by chronic infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), EBV-driven lymphoma, CD4 T-cell lymphopenia, and dysgammaglobulinemia. We present the case of a 1-year old Hispanic infant with a pathogenic variant in MAGT1 gene that clinically manifested with early Pneumocystis jirovecii and cytomegalovirus (CMV) interstitial pneumonia, and EBV chronic infection with good response to intravenous immunoglobulins supplementation without hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or gene therapy. Chief, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, IDGS, DIR, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA Hypomorphic Recombination Activating Gene 1 (RAG1) mutations result in residual T-and B-cell development in both humans and mice and have been found in patients presenting with delayed-onset combined immune deficiency with granulomas and/or autoimmunity (CID-G/AI). doi = 10.1007/s10875-019-00597-5 id = cord-004894-75w35fkd author = nan title = Abstract date = 2006-06-14 keywords = ABSTRACT; BMI; Background; CHD; CVD; Germany; Health; Methods; Netherlands; age; cancer; conclusion; datum; discussion; dutch; european; factor; high; increase; objective; patient; result; risk; study; woman; year summary = The unadjusted median (25-75% percentile) sperm concentration in the non-exposed group (n = 90) is 49 (23-86) mill/ml compared to 33 (12-63) mill/ml among men exposed to >19 cigarettes per day in fetal life (n = 26 Aim: To estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity, and their effects in physical activity (PA) levels of Portuguese children and adolescents aged 10-18 years. Objectives: a) To estimate the sex-and age-adjusted annual rate of tuberculosis infection (ARTI) (per 100 person-years [%py]) among the HCWs, as indicated by tuberculin skin test conversion (TST) conversion, b) to identify occupational factors associated with significant variations in the ARTI, c) to investigate the efficacy of the regional preventive guidelines. Objectives: We assessed the total burden of adverse events (AE), and determined treatment-related risk factors for the development of various AEs. Methods: The study cohort included 1362 5-year survivors, treated in the Emma Childrens Hospital AMC in the Netherlands between 1966-1996. doi = 10.1007/s10654-006-9021-1 id = cord-005646-xhx9pzhj author = nan title = 2nd World Congress on Pediatric Intensive Care 1996 Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 23–26 June 1996 Abstracts of Oral Presentations, Posters and Nursing Programme date = 1996 keywords = ARDS; CPB; Care; Children; ECMO; Hospital; ICU; Intensive; PICU; Pediatric; Unit; age; blood; case; child; conclusion; day; failure; group; high; hour; increase; infant; level; mean; method; patient; prism; pulmonary; respiratory; result; severe; study; ventilation; year summary = Aims and methods The aim of both a prospective and retrospective survey conducted in German pediatric intensive care units in 1993 was to accumulate data on the epidemiology, risk factors, natural history and treatment strategies in a large group of pediatric ARDS patients who were treated in the tt~ee year period from 1991 to 1993.All patients had acute bilateral alveolar infiltration of noncardiogenic origin and a pO2~iO2 ratio < 150mmHg. The influence of sex, underlying disease and single organ failure was analyzed using the Fischer''s exact test, the influence of additional organ failure on mortality was tested with the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszet statistics. doi = 10.1007/bf02316512 id = cord-009713-sxd4t2tz author = nan title = Poster Presentations date = 2020-01-10 keywords = CSF; Children; DMD; EEG; Hospital; MRI; Neurology; Paediatric; age; case; child; conclusion; patient; present; report; result; seizure; study; year summary = Poster No. 010 Seizure, developmental and cognitive outcomes in children post hemispherotomy TT TAY 1 , DR REED 2 , VJ JOSAN 3 , SR RUST 4 , JT TAN 5 1 University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; 2 Neuropsychology Team, Paediatric Psychosocial Service, Royal Manchester Children''s Hospital, Manchester, UK; 3 Neurosurgery, Salford Royal NHS Foundation, Manchester, UK; 4 Paediatric Neuropsychology, Royal Manchester Children''s Hospital, Manchester, UK; 5 Paediatric Neurology, Royal Manchester Children''s Hospital, Manchester, UK Introduction: Patients with focal refractory epilepsy secondary to structural hemispheric changes have been shown in retrospective studies to have significantly improved seizure outcomes following hemispheric disconnection. In a univariate analysis of 682 cases with ≥12 months follow-up data, poor final outcome (defined as modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score 3-6) occurred in 30% and was associated with very young or elderly age at onset, movement disorder, decreased consciousness, autonomic dysfunction, mechanical ventilation, higher mRS score in the acute phase, longer hospital stay, extreme delta brush on EEG, abnormal MRI, CSF pleocytosis and elevated CSF protein (all p<0.05). doi = 10.1111/dmcn.14411 id = cord-011062-ukz4hnmy author = nan title = Poster date = 2020-03-11 keywords = BMI; Center; DXA; Department; Fried; Geriatric; Group; Health; Hospital; Index; Japan; MNA; SPPB; Sarcopenia; University; adult; age; background; frailty; low; method; muscle; objective; old; patient; physical; result; study; year summary = Ming-Yueh Chou 1,3 , Ying-Hsin Hsu 1 , Yu-Chun Wang 1 , Chih-Kuang Liang 1,3 , Li-Ning Peng 2,4 , Liang-Kung Chen 2,4 , Yu-Te Lin 1 ((1) Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; (2) Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; (3) Department of Geriatric Medicine, National Yang Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; (4) Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan) Background: Older people with frailty are at risk of adverse outcomes, such as falls, functional decline and mortality, and multi-domain intervention program may prevent those. Conclusion: Our study showed that a multicomponent exercise program is effective for posthospitalization patients because after 24-week intervention there were significant reductions in frailty and improving results in muscle strength and physical performance. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of 757 communitydwelling older adults who completed multi-domain geriatric screen assessing for social vulnerability, mood, cognition, functional performance, nutrition, physical frailty (FRAIL) and sarcopenia (SARC-F). doi = 10.14283/jfa.2020.9 id = cord-015324-y44sfr0c author = nan title = Scientific Programme date = 2007-09-01 keywords = BMI; CKD; CRF; CRP; Children; DMSA; Department; ESRD; FSGS; GFR; Group; HIV; HSP; HUS; Hospital; III; MMF; Nephrology; PCR; PTH; Pediatric; SDS; SLE; SRNS; TGF; UTI; University; VUR; age; child; conclusion; disease; kidney; method; patient; renal; result; study; year summary = In order to further validate this approach, we performed a prospective randomized open-label multicenter trial in 41 low-risk pediatric renal transplant recipients (12 f, 29 m; mean age 10.1 yrs; range, 3.4 to 17.8) on CsA (target trough level 100-200 ng/ml), MMF (1200 mg/m 2 per day) and methylprednisolone (3) (4) mg/m 2 per day), who were randomly assigned >1 year posttransplant to continue steroids or to withdraw over a period of 3 months. We evaluated MMF in 15 children with LN, 11 F/4 M, mean age: 12.4±3.9 yrs, proteinuria >3 g/day, decreased C3 and increased anti-dsDNA serum levels, normal renal function. Patients and methods: 91 children and adolescents (60 male, 31 female, mean age at transplantation 9.7±5.2 years) with stable renal function and observation period exceeding 6 months were included. doi = 10.1007/s00467-007-0558-3 id = cord-015372-76xvzvdg author = nan title = National scientific medical meeting 1996 abstracts date = 1996 keywords = CAD; HCV; HIV; HSP; ICU; PCR; age; case; disease; group; increase; irish; level; mean; patient; positive; study; year summary = One, two and five-year survival rates were examined; age at diagnosis and lesion type were extremely significant factors in relation to patient outcome. Patients'' age, sex, risk group, CDC stage, CD4 count, indication for therapy, complication rate and response to treatment are described. Fifty-eight patients (34 male, 24 female) ranging in age from 15 to 65 years (Mean + SD = 28.4 + 10.8) were included in the study. Among these 48 patients (mean age 68.0+12.7), after controlling for age and for the duration and continuity of subsequent antipsychotic treatment, increasing duration of initially untreated psychosis was associated with greater severity of negative symptoms (p<0.005) and with lower scores on the MMSE (p<0.05) but not with executive dysfunction on the EXIT (p=0.3). Conclusion Although not a population based study, care of IDDM in Ireland is almost totally hospital clinic based Cigarette smoking is identified as the major problem to be addressed Patients with diabetes meltitus (DM) are at a higher risk of developing vascular complications, including coronary artery disease (CAD). doi = 10.1007/bf02945204 id = cord-022659-chwk2bs4 author = nan title = Abstracts: Poster session date = 2004-10-08 keywords = ALS; Alzheimer; Association; CNS; CSF; GBS; HTLV; MBP; MRI; Neurological; Parkinson; age; cell; control; day; disease; patient; study; test summary = We investigated the usefulness of informant-based data in Alzheimer''s disease (AD) by comparing caregivers'' subjective evaluations of 83 probable A D patients'' performance on an abbreviated version of the Memory Self-Report Questionnaire to objective evaluations derived from an extensive battery of neuropsychological tests and to clinicians'' evaluations. Compared with 89 subjects (mean age 75.2 yr; 34 men, 55 women) with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT), there were no significant group differences for comparable Clinical Dementia Rating stages of dementia for measures of language, Activities of Daily Living, or general cognition. The mean age at onset did not differ significantly between handedness groups (F [ l,lOO] = .82), but the mean duration of symptoms ( Alterations in the optical properties of brain can be used to detect pathological changes in patients with Alzheimer''s disease (AD). doi = 10.1002/ana.410320224