id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentences	flesch	summary	cache	txt
cord-313825-bbjxd86y	Xia, Tian	Pulmonary diseases induced by ambient ultrafine and engineered nanoparticles in twenty-first century	2016-10-08		.txt	text/plain	8765	389	43	The lung is the first target organ for air pollution and PM exposure is associated with reduced lung function, increased lung inflammation, asthma, respiratory infections, lung cancer and exacerbation of COPD, which lead to systemic inflammation and oxidative stress affecting blood, vasculature, heart and brain, ultimately contribute to the premature mortality ( Fig. 2) [3, 8, 14, 16] . These specific features of UFPs can significantly contribute to the adverse effects through ROS over-production by the redox-active organic chemicals and metals on particle surface, resulting in cellular oxidative stress [18, 19, 21, 44, 48] . These include: (i) carbon core of PM and UFPs could induce ROS generation and oxidative stress; (ii) catalytic conversion of PAHs to quinones by cytochrome P450 in the endoplasmic reticulum; (iii) quinone redox cycling by NADPH-dependent P450 reductase in microsomes; (iv) mitochondrial perturbation leading to electron leakage in the inner membrane; and (v) NADPH oxidase activity in the macrophage surface membrane and associated phagosomes.	./cache/cord-313825-bbjxd86y.txt	./txt/cord-313825-bbjxd86y.txt