id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentences	flesch	summary	cache	txt
cord-287207-z6ddajd6	Shenoy, Vinayak	Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/Angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas Receptor Axis: Emerging Pharmacological Target for Pulmonary Diseases	2015-04-24		.txt	text/plain	3278	199	40	Evidence for this stems from the following observations: (a) PAH and PF are associated with higher circulating levels of angiotensin II (Ang II) 1,2 ; (b) increased concentrations of angiotensinogen (the precursor for Ang II peptide) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), the major generator of Ang II, have been observed in the lungs of fibrotic and pulmonary hypertensive subjects 3, 4 ; (c) patients carrying the ACE ID/DD genotype, which confers increased ACE levels, are susceptible to COPD and ARDS 5, 6 ; (d) human lung fibroblasts obtained from patients with PF, but not from normal lungs, generate Ang II, 2 suggesting a causative role for this peptide in disease pathogenesis; (e) Ang II induces apoptosis of the alveolar epithelial cells, a key initiating factor for lung fibrogenesis 7 ; (f) Ang II is a potent pulmonary vasoconstrictor with mitogenic properties, that produces migratory, hypertrophic, and proliferative effects on the lung smooth muscles to cause PAH 8 ; (g) Ang II mediates oxidative stress and cytokine signaling, 9 factors that contribute to the pathophysiology of lung diseases; and (h) pharmacological blockade of the RAS using ACE inhibitors (ACEi) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) offers protection against animal models of COPD, PAH, and lung fibrosis.	./cache/cord-287207-z6ddajd6.txt	./txt/cord-287207-z6ddajd6.txt