id sid tid token lemma pos cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1 1 key key NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1 2 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 2 1 cord-009694-e59kuwf1 cord-009694-e59kuwf1 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 2 2 authors author NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 2 3 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 3 1 nan nan NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 3 2 title title NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 3 3 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 4 1 Opinion opinion NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 4 2 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 4 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 4 4 Scientific Scientific NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 4 5 Panel Panel NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 4 6 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 4 7 Animal Animal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 4 8 Health Health NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 4 9 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 4 10 Welfare Welfare NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 4 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 4 12 AHAW AHAW NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 4 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 4 14 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 4 15 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 4 16 request request NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 4 17 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 4 18 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 4 19 Commission Commission NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 4 20 related relate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 4 21 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 4 22 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 4 23 risks risk NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 4 24 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 4 25 poor poor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 4 26 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 4 27 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 4 28 intensive intensive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 4 29 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 4 30 farming farming NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 4 31 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 4 32 date date NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 4 33 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 4 34 2006 2006 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 4 35 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 4 36 06 06 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 4 37 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 4 38 06 06 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 4 39 journal journal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 4 40 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 5 1 EFSA EFSA NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 5 2 J J NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 5 3 DOI DOI NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 5 4 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 5 5 10.2903/ 10.2903/ CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 6 1 j.efsa.2006.366 j.efsa.2006.366 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 6 2 sha sha NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 6 3 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 6 4 d50c488c98373d96b266313136e5ebcd653f94c9 d50c488c98373d96b266313136e5ebcd653f94c9 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 6 5 doc_id doc_id CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 6 6 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 6 7 9694 9694 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 7 1 cord_uid cord_uid NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 7 2 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 8 1 e59kuwf1 e59kuwf1 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 9 1 nan nan NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 9 2 Summary Summary NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 9 3 EFSA EFSA NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 9 4 has have VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 9 5 been be VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 9 6 requested request VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 9 7 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 9 8 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 9 9 European European NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 9 10 Commission Commission NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 9 11 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 9 12 issue issue VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 9 13 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 9 14 scientific scientific JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 9 15 opinion opinion NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 9 16 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 9 17 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 9 18 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 9 19 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 9 20 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 9 21 aspects aspect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 9 22 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 9 23 intensive intensive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 9 24 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 9 25 farming farming NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 9 26 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 9 27 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 9 28 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 9 29 ability ability NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 9 30 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 9 31 comply comply VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 9 32 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 9 33 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 9 34 requirements requirement NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 9 35 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 9 36 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 9 37 well well NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 9 38 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 9 39 being being NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 9 40 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 9 41 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 9 42 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 9 43 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 9 44 pathological pathological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 9 45 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 9 46 zootechnical zootechnical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 9 47 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 9 48 physiological physiological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 9 49 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 9 50 behavioural behavioural JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 9 51 points point NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 9 52 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 9 53 view view NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 9 54 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 10 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 10 2 particular particular JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 10 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 10 4 Commission Commission NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 10 5 asked ask VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 10 6 EFSA EFSA NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 10 7 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 10 8 update update VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 10 9 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 10 10 findings finding NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 10 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 10 12 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 10 13 Scientific Scientific NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 10 14 Veterinary Veterinary NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 10 15 Committee Committee NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 10 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 10 17 Animal Animal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 10 18 Welfare Welfare NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 10 19 Section Section NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 10 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 10 21 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 10 22 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 10 23 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 10 24 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 10 25 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 10 26 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 10 27 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 10 28 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 10 29 9 9 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 10 30 November November NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 10 31 1995 1995 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 10 32 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 10 33 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 10 34 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 10 35 light light NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 10 36 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 10 37 more more JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 10 38 recent recent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 10 39 data datum NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 10 40 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 10 41 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 10 42 issue issue NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 10 43 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 11 1 Where where WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 11 2 relevant relevant JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 11 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 11 4 possible possible JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 11 5 food food NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 11 6 safety safety NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 11 7 implications implication NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 11 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 11 9 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 11 10 farming farming NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 11 11 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 11 12 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 11 13 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 11 14 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 11 15 considered consider VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 11 16 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 12 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 12 2 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 12 3 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 12 4 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 12 5 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 12 6 assessment assessment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 12 7 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 12 8 made make VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 12 9 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 12 10 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 12 11 relevant relevant JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 12 12 conclusions conclusion NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 12 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 12 14 recommendations recommendation NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 12 15 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 12 16 forming form VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 12 17 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 12 18 scientific scientific JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 12 19 opinion opinion NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 12 20 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 12 21 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 12 22 AHAW AHAW NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 12 23 Panel Panel NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 12 24 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 13 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 13 2 SVC SVC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 13 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 13 4 1995 1995 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 13 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 13 6 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 13 7 contains contain VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 13 8 information information NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 13 9 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 13 10 measurements measurement NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 13 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 13 12 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 13 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 13 14 needs need NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 13 15 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 13 16 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 13 17 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 13 18 descriptions description NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 13 19 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 13 20 current current JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 13 21 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 13 22 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 13 23 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 13 24 chapters chapter NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 13 25 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 13 26 types type NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 13 27 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 13 28 feed feed NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 13 29 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 13 30 feeding feeding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 13 31 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 13 32 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 13 33 weaning weaning NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 13 34 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 13 35 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 13 36 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 13 37 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 13 38 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 13 39 pen pen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 13 40 design design NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 13 41 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 13 42 climate climate NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 13 43 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 13 44 mananimal mananimal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 13 45 relationships relationship NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 13 46 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 13 47 dehorning dehorning NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 13 48 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 13 49 castration castration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 13 50 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 14 1 Further further JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 14 2 chapters chapter NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 14 3 covered cover VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 14 4 economical economical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 14 5 considerations consideration NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 14 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 14 7 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 14 8 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 14 9 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 14 10 improving improve VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 14 11 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 14 12 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 15 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 15 2 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 15 3 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 15 4 conclusions conclusion NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 15 5 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 15 6 made make VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 15 7 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 15 8 general general JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 15 9 management management NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 15 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 15 11 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 15 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 15 13 food food NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 15 14 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 15 15 water water NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 15 16 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 15 17 economics economic NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 15 18 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 16 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 16 2 present present JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 16 3 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 16 4 " " `` cord-009694-e59kuwf1 16 5 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 16 6 risks risk NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 16 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 16 8 poor poor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 16 9 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 16 10 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 16 11 intensive intensive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 16 12 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 16 13 farming farming NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 16 14 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 16 15 " " '' cord-009694-e59kuwf1 16 16 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 16 17 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 16 18 update update NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 16 19 o o UH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 16 20 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 16 21 previous previous JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 16 22 SVC SVC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 16 23 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 16 24 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 16 25 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 16 26 exception exception NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 16 27 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 16 28 economical economical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 16 29 aspects aspect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 16 30 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 16 31 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 16 32 outside outside RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 16 33 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 16 34 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 16 35 mandate mandate NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 16 36 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 16 37 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 16 38 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 16 39 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 17 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 17 2 various various JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 17 3 factors factor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 17 4 potentially potentially RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 17 5 affecting affect VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 17 6 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 17 7 ' ' POS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 17 8 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 17 9 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 17 10 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 17 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 17 12 already already RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 17 13 extensively extensively RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 17 14 listed list VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 17 15 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 17 16 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 17 17 1995 1995 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 17 18 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 17 19 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 17 20 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 17 21 Scientific Scientific NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 17 22 Veterinary Veterinary NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 17 23 Committee Committee NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 17 24 Animal Animal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 17 25 Welfare Welfare NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 17 26 section section NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 17 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 17 28 SVC SVC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 17 29 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 17 30 1995 1995 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 17 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 17 32 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 17 33 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 17 34 updated update VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 17 35 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 17 36 subsequently subsequently RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 17 37 systematically systematically RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 17 38 determined determined JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 17 39 whether whether IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 17 40 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 17 41 constitute constitute VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 17 42 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 17 43 potential potential JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 17 44 hazard hazard NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 17 45 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 17 46 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 17 47 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 18 1 To to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 18 2 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 18 3 latter latter JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 18 4 end end VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 18 5 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 18 6 severity severity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 18 7 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 18 8 likelihood likelihood NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 18 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 18 10 occurrence occurrence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 18 11 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 18 12 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 18 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 18 14 sub sub NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 18 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 18 16 populations population NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 18 17 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 18 18 evaluated evaluate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 18 19 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 18 20 associated associate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 18 21 risks risk NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 18 22 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 18 23 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 18 24 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 18 25 estimated estimate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 18 26 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 18 27 hence hence RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 18 28 providing provide VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 18 29 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 18 30 basis basis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 18 31 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 18 32 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 18 33 managers manager NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 18 34 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 18 35 decide decide VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 18 36 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 18 37 measures measure NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 18 38 could could MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 18 39 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 18 40 contemplated contemplate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 18 41 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 18 42 reduce reduce VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 18 43 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 18 44 eliminate eliminate VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 18 45 such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 18 46 risks risk NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 18 47 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 2 line line NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 3 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 5 terms term NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 7 reference reference NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 8 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 9 working work VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 10 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 11 restricted restrict VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 12 itself -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 13 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 15 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 16 essence essence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 17 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 18 qualitative qualitative JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 20 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 21 assessment assessment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 22 Although although IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 23 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 24 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 25 agreed agree VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 26 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 27 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 28 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 29 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 30 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 31 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 32 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 33 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 34 substantially substantially RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 35 affected affect VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 36 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 37 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 38 course course NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 39 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 40 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 41 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 42 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 43 result result NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 44 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 45 transport transport NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 46 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 47 slaughter slaughter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 48 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 49 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 50 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 51 does do VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 52 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 53 consider consider VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 54 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 55 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 56 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 57 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 58 aspects aspect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 59 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 60 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 61 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 62 transport transport NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 63 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 64 slaughter slaughter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 65 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 66 such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 67 information information NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 68 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 69 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 70 found find VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 71 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 72 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 73 recently recently RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 74 issued issue VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 75 comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 76 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 77 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 78 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 79 Scientific Scientific NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 80 Committee Committee NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 81 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 82 Animal Animal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 83 Health Health NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 84 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 85 Animal Animal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 86 Welfare Welfare NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 87 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 88 SCAHAW SCAHAW NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 89 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 90 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 91 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 92 " " `` cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 93 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 94 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 95 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 96 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 97 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 98 transport transport NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 99 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 100 details detail NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 101 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 102 horses horse NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 103 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 104 pigs pig NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 105 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 106 sheep sheep NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 107 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 108 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 109 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 110 " " '' cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 111 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 112 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 113 adopted adopt VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 114 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 115 11 11 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 116 March March NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 117 2002 2002 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 118 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 119 DG DG NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 120 SANCO SANCO NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 121 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 122 2002 2002 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 123 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 124 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 125 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 126 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 127 EFSA EFSA NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 128 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 129 " " `` cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 130 Welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 131 aspects aspect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 132 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 133 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 134 stunning stunning JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 135 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 136 killing kill VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 137 methods method NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 138 " " '' cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 139 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 140 AHAW AHAW NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 141 04/027 04/027 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 142 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 19 143 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 20 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 20 2 relation relation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 20 3 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 20 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 20 5 food food NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 20 6 safety safety NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 20 7 aspects aspect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 20 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 20 9 main main JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 20 10 foodborne foodborne JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 20 11 hazards hazard NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 20 12 associated associate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 20 13 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 20 14 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 20 15 farming farming NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 20 16 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 20 17 Salmonella Salmonella NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 20 18 spp spp NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 20 19 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 21 1 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 21 2 human human JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 21 3 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 21 4 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 21 5 verotoxigenic verotoxigenic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 21 6 Escherichia escherichia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 21 7 coli coli NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 21 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 21 9 HP HP NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 21 10 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 21 11 VTEC VTEC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 21 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 21 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 21 14 thermophilic thermophilic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 21 15 Campylobacter Campylobacter NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 21 16 spp spp NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 21 17 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 22 1 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 22 2 Mycobacterium Mycobacterium NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 22 3 bovis bovis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 22 4 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 22 5 Taenia Taenia NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 22 6 saginata saginata NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 22 7 cysticercus cysticercus NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 22 8 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 22 9 Cryptosporidium Cryptosporidium NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 22 10 parvum parvum NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 22 11 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 22 12 Giardia Giardia NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 22 13 duodenalis duodenalis NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 22 14 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 23 1 Present present JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 23 2 knowledge knowledge NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 23 3 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 23 4 published publish VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 23 5 data datum NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 23 6 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 23 7 insufficient insufficient JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 23 8 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 23 9 produce produce VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 23 10 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 23 11 universal universal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 23 12 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 23 13 assessment assessment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 23 14 enabling enable VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 23 15 quantitative quantitative JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 23 16 food food NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 23 17 safety safety NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 23 18 categorization categorization NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 23 19 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 23 20 ranking ranking NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 23 21 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 23 22 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 23 23 types type NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 23 24 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 23 25 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 23 26 farming farming NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 23 27 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 23 28 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 24 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 24 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 24 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 24 4 main main JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 24 5 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 24 6 factors factor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 24 7 contributing contribute VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 24 8 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 24 9 increased increase VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 24 10 prevalence prevalence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 24 11 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 24 12 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 24 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 24 14 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 24 15 above above JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 24 16 foodborne foodborne JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 24 17 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 24 18 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 24 19 as as RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 24 20 well well RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 24 21 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 24 22 generic generic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 24 23 principles principle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 24 24 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 24 25 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 24 26 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 24 27 reductions reduction NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 24 28 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 24 29 known know VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 24 30 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 25 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 25 2 latter latter JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 25 3 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 25 4 based base VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 25 5 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 25 6 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 25 7 implementation implementation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 25 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 25 9 effective effective JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 25 10 farm farm NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 25 11 management management NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 25 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 25 13 e.g. e.g. RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 25 14 QA QA NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 25 15 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 25 16 husbandry husbandry NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 25 17 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 25 18 herd herd NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 25 19 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 25 20 plans plan NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 25 21 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 25 22 biosecurity biosecurity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 25 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 25 24 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 25 25 hygiene hygiene NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 25 26 measures measure NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 25 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 25 28 e.g. e.g. IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 25 29 GFP GFP NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 25 30 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 25 31 GHP GHP NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 25 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 25 33 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 26 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 26 2 general general JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 26 3 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 26 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 26 5 conclusions conclusion NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 26 6 made make VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 26 7 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 26 8 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 26 9 previous previous JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 26 10 SVC SVC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 26 11 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 26 12 remain remain VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 26 13 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 27 1 However however RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 27 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 27 3 recent recent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 27 4 research research NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 27 5 has have VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 27 6 provided provide VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 27 7 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 27 8 some some DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 27 9 additional additional JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 27 10 conclusions conclusion NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 27 11 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 28 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 28 2 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 28 3 analysis analysis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 28 4 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 28 5 presented present VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 28 6 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 28 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 28 8 Tables Tables NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 28 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 28 10 Annex Annex NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 28 11 1 1 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 28 12 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 29 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 29 2 Graphics Graphics NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 29 3 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 29 4 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 29 5 table table NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 29 6 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 29 7 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 29 8 intented intente VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 29 9 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 29 10 represent represent VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 29 11 numerical numerical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 29 12 relationships relationship NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 29 13 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 29 14 rather rather RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 29 15 qualitative qualitative JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 29 16 relations relation NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 29 17 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 30 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 30 2 some some DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 30 3 instances instance NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 30 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 30 5 exposure exposure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 30 6 could could MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 30 7 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 30 8 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 30 9 estimated estimate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 30 10 due due IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 30 11 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 30 12 lack lack NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 30 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 30 14 data datum NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 30 15 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 30 16 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 30 17 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 30 18 cases case VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 30 19 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 30 20 risks risk NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 30 21 where where WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 30 22 labelled label VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 30 23 " " `` cord-009694-e59kuwf1 30 24 exposure exposure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 30 25 data datum NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 30 26 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 30 27 available available JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 30 28 " " '' cord-009694-e59kuwf1 30 29 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 2 following follow VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 3 major major JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 4 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 5 minor minor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 6 risks risk NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 7 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 8 poor poor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 9 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 10 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 11 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 12 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 13 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 14 been be VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 15 identified identify VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 16 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 17 one one CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 18 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 19 several several JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 20 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 21 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 22 various various JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 23 husbandry husbandry NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 24 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 25 considered consider VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 26 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 27 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 28 hazards hazard NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 29 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 30 iron iron NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 31 deficiency deficiency NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 32 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 33 insufficient insufficient JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 34 floor floor NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 35 space space NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 36 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 37 considered consider VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 38 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 39 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 40 very very RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 41 serious serious JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 42 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 43 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 44 hazard hazard NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 45 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 46 inadequate inadequate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 47 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 48 monitoring monitoring NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 49 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 50 considered consider VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 51 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 52 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 53 serious serious JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 54 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 55 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 56 hazards hazard NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 57 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 58 exposure exposure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 59 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 60 inadequate inadequate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 61 hemoglobin hemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 62 monitoring monitoring NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 63 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 64 allergenic allergenic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 65 proteins protein NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 66 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 67 too too RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 68 rich rich JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 69 diet diet NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 70 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 71 considered consider VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 72 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 73 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 74 moderately moderately RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 75 serious serious JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 31 76 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 32 1 For for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 32 2 these these DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 32 3 hazards hazard NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 32 4 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 32 5 there there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 32 6 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 32 7 no no DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 32 8 consensus consensus NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 32 9 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 32 10 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 32 11 exposure exposure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 32 12 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 32 13 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 32 14 mainly mainly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 32 15 due due JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 32 16 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 32 17 lack lack NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 32 18 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 32 19 data datum NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 32 20 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 32 21 that that DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 32 22 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 32 23 why why WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 32 24 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 32 25 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 32 26 recommended recommend VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 32 27 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 32 28 further further JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 32 29 studies study NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 32 30 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 32 31 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 32 32 made make VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 32 33 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 32 34 provide provide VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 32 35 evidence evidence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 32 36 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 32 37 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 32 38 exposure exposure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 32 39 assessment assessment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 32 40 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 33 1 Regarding regard VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 33 2 castration castration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 33 3 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 33 4 dehorning dehorning NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 33 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 33 6 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 33 7 disbudding disbud VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 33 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 33 9 without without IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 33 10 anaesthetic anaesthetic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 33 11 drugs drug NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 33 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 33 13 there there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 33 14 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 33 15 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 33 16 variation variation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 33 17 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 33 18 relation relation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 33 19 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 33 20 national national JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 33 21 legislation legislation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 33 22 why why WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 33 23 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 33 24 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 33 25 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 33 26 poor poor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 33 27 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 33 28 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 33 29 relation relation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 33 30 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 33 31 castration castration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 33 32 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 33 33 dehorning dehorning NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 33 34 has have VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 33 35 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 33 36 wide wide JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 33 37 range range NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 33 38 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 33 39 countries country NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 33 40 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 1 Council Council NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 2 Directive Directive NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 3 91/629 91/629 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 4 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 5 EEC EEC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 6 1 1 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 7 laying lay VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 8 down down RP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 9 minimum minimum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 10 standards standard NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 11 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 12 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 13 protection protection NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 14 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 15 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 16 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 17 amended amend VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 18 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 19 Council Council NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 20 Directive Directive NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 21 97/2 97/2 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 22 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 23 EC EC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 24 2 2 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 25 requires require VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 26 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 27 Commission Commission NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 28 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 29 submit submit VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 30 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 31 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 32 Council Council NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 33 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 34 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 35 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 36 based base VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 37 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 38 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 39 scientific scientific JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 40 opinion opinion NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 41 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 42 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 43 intensive intensive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 44 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 45 farming farming NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 46 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 47 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 48 comply comply VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 49 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 50 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 51 requirements requirement NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 52 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 53 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 54 wellbeing wellbeing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 55 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 56 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 57 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 58 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 59 pathological pathological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 60 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 61 zootechnical zootechnical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 62 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 63 physiological physiological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 64 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 65 behavioural behavioural JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 66 points point NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 67 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 68 view view NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 34 69 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 35 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 35 2 Commission Commission NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 35 3 's 's POS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 35 4 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 35 5 will will MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 35 6 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 35 7 drawn draw VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 35 8 up up RP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 35 9 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 35 10 taking take VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 35 11 into into IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 35 12 account account NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 35 13 socio socio JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 35 14 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 35 15 economic economic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 35 16 implications implication NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 35 17 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 35 18 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 35 19 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 35 20 farming farming NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 35 21 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 35 22 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 36 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 36 2 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 36 3 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 36 4 noted note VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 36 5 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 36 6 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 36 7 Scientific Scientific NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 36 8 Veterinary Veterinary NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 36 9 Committee Committee NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 36 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 36 11 Animal Animal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 36 12 Welfare Welfare NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 36 13 Section Section NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 36 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 36 15 adopted adopt VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 36 16 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 36 17 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 36 18 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 36 19 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 36 20 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 36 21 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 36 22 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 36 23 3 3 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 36 24 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 36 25 9 9 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 36 26 November November NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 36 27 1995 1995 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 36 28 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 36 29 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 36 30 serve serve VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 36 31 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 36 32 background background NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 36 33 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 36 34 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 36 35 Commission Commission NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 36 36 's 's POS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 36 37 request request NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 36 38 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 36 39 preparation preparation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 36 40 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 36 41 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 36 42 new new JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 36 43 EFSA EFSA NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 36 44 scientific scientific JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 36 45 opinion opinion NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 36 46 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 37 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 37 2 particular particular JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 37 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 37 4 Commission Commission NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 37 5 requires require VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 37 6 EFSA EFSA NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 37 7 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 37 8 consider consider VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 37 9 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 37 10 need need NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 37 11 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 37 12 update update VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 37 13 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 37 14 findings finding NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 37 15 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 37 16 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 37 17 Scientific Scientific NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 37 18 Veterinary Veterinary NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 37 19 Committee Committee NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 37 20 's 's POS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 37 21 opinion opinion NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 37 22 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 37 23 light light NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 37 24 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 37 25 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 37 26 availability availability NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 37 27 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 37 28 more more JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 37 29 recent recent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 37 30 data datum NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 37 31 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 37 32 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 37 33 issue issue NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 37 34 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 38 1 Where where WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 38 2 relevant relevant JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 38 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 38 4 possible possible JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 38 5 food food NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 38 6 safety safety NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 38 7 implications implication NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 38 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 38 9 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 38 10 farming farming NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 38 11 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 38 12 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 38 13 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 38 14 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 38 15 considered consider VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 38 16 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 39 1 EFSA EFSA NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 39 2 has have VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 39 3 been be VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 39 4 requested request VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 39 5 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 39 6 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 39 7 European European NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 39 8 Commission Commission NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 39 9 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 39 10 issue issue VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 39 11 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 39 12 scientific scientific JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 39 13 opinion opinion NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 39 14 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 39 15 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 39 16 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 39 17 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 39 18 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 39 19 aspects aspect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 39 20 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 39 21 intensive intensive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 39 22 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 39 23 farming farming NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 39 24 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 39 25 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 39 26 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 39 27 ability ability NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 39 28 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 39 29 comply comply VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 39 30 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 39 31 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 39 32 requirements requirement NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 39 33 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 39 34 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 39 35 well well NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 39 36 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 39 37 being being NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 39 38 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 39 39 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 39 40 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 39 41 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 39 42 pathological pathological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 39 43 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 39 44 zootechnical zootechnical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 39 45 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 39 46 physiological physiological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 39 47 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 39 48 behavioural behavioural JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 39 49 points point NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 39 50 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 39 51 view view NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 39 52 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 40 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 40 2 particular particular JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 40 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 40 4 Commission Commission NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 40 5 requires require VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 40 6 EFSA EFSA NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 40 7 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 40 8 update update VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 40 9 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 40 10 findings finding NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 40 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 40 12 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 40 13 Scientific Scientific NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 40 14 Veterinary Veterinary NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 40 15 Committee Committee NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 40 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 40 17 Animal Animal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 40 18 Welfare Welfare NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 40 19 Section Section NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 40 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 40 21 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 40 22 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 40 23 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 40 24 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 40 25 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 40 26 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 40 27 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 40 28 9 9 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 40 29 November November NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 40 30 1995 1995 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 40 31 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 40 32 light light NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 40 33 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 40 34 more more JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 40 35 recent recent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 40 36 data datum NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 40 37 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 40 38 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 40 39 issue issue NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 40 40 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 41 1 Where where WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 41 2 relevant relevant JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 41 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 41 4 possible possible JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 41 5 food food NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 41 6 safety safety NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 41 7 implications implication NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 41 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 41 9 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 41 10 farming farming NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 41 11 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 41 12 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 41 13 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 41 14 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 41 15 considered consider VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 41 16 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 42 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 42 2 mandate mandate NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 42 3 outlined outline VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 42 4 above above RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 42 5 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 42 6 accepted accept VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 42 7 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 42 8 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 42 9 Panel Panel NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 42 10 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 42 11 Animal Animal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 42 12 Health Health NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 42 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 42 14 Welfare Welfare NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 42 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 42 16 AHAW AHAW NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 42 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 42 18 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 42 19 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 42 20 Plenary Plenary NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 42 21 Meeting Meeting NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 42 22 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 42 23 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 42 24 14/15 14/15 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 42 25 March March NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 42 26 2005 2005 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 42 27 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 43 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 43 2 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 43 3 decided decide VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 43 4 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 43 5 establish establish VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 43 6 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 43 7 Working Working NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 43 8 Group Group NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 43 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 43 10 AHAW AHAW NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 43 11 experts expert NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 43 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 43 13 WG WG NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 43 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 43 15 chaired chair VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 43 16 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 43 17 one one CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 43 18 Panel panel NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 43 19 member member NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 43 20 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 44 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 44 2 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 44 3 Plenary Plenary NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 44 4 entrusted entrust VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 44 5 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 44 6 scientific scientific JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 44 7 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 44 8 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 44 9 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 44 10 assessment assessment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 44 11 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 44 12 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 44 13 working work VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 44 14 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 44 15 under under IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 44 16 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 44 17 Chairmanship Chairmanship NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 44 18 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 44 19 Prof. Prof. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 44 20 Bo Bo NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 44 21 Algers Algers NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 44 22 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 45 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 45 2 members member NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 45 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 45 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 45 5 working work VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 45 6 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 45 7 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 45 8 listed list VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 45 9 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 45 10 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 45 11 end end NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 45 12 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 45 13 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 45 14 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 45 15 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 46 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 46 2 Scientific Scientific NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 46 3 Report Report NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 46 4 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 46 5 considered consider VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 46 6 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 46 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 46 8 discussion discussion NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 46 9 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 46 10 establish establish VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 46 11 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 46 12 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 46 13 assessment assessment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 46 14 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 46 15 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 46 16 relevant relevant JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 46 17 conclusions conclusion NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 46 18 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 46 19 recommendations recommendation NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 46 20 forming form VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 46 21 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 46 22 Scientific Scientific NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 46 23 Opinion Opinion NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 46 24 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 46 25 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 46 26 AHAW AHAW NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 46 27 Panel Panel NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 46 28 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 47 1 According accord VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 47 2 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 47 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 47 4 mandate mandate NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 47 5 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 47 6 EFSA EFSA NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 47 7 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 47 8 ethical ethical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 47 9 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 47 10 socio socio JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 47 11 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 47 12 economic economic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 47 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 47 14 cultural cultural JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 47 15 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 47 16 religious religious JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 47 17 aspects aspect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 47 18 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 47 19 outside outside IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 47 20 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 47 21 scope scope NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 47 22 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 47 23 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 47 24 scientific scientific JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 47 25 opinion opinion NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 47 26 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 48 1 3.1 3.1 LS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 48 2 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 49 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 49 2 working work VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 49 3 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 49 4 set set VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 49 5 out out RP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 49 6 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 49 7 produce produce VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 49 8 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 49 9 document document NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 49 10 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 49 11 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 49 12 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 49 13 various various JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 49 14 factors factor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 49 15 potentially potentially RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 49 16 affecting affect VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 49 17 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 49 18 ' ' POS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 49 19 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 49 20 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 49 21 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 49 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 49 23 already already RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 49 24 extensively extensively RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 49 25 listed list VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 49 26 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 49 27 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 49 28 1995 1995 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 49 29 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 49 30 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 49 31 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 49 32 Scientific Scientific NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 49 33 Veterinary Veterinary NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 49 34 Committee Committee NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 49 35 Animal Animal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 49 36 Welfare Welfare NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 49 37 section section NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 49 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 49 39 SVC SVC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 49 40 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 49 41 1995 1995 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 49 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 49 43 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 49 44 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 49 45 updated update VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 49 46 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 49 47 subsequently subsequently RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 49 48 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 49 49 systematically systematically RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 49 50 determine determine VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 49 51 whether whether IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 49 52 these these DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 49 53 factors factor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 49 54 constitute constitute VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 49 55 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 49 56 potential potential JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 49 57 hazard hazard NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 49 58 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 49 59 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 49 60 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 50 1 To to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 50 2 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 50 3 latter latter JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 50 4 end end VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 50 5 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 50 6 severity severity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 50 7 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 50 8 likelihood likelihood NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 50 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 50 10 occurrence occurrence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 50 11 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 50 12 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 50 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 50 14 sub sub NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 50 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 50 16 populations population NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 50 17 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 50 18 evaluated evaluate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 50 19 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 50 20 associated associate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 50 21 risks risk NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 50 22 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 50 23 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 50 24 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 50 25 estimated estimate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 50 26 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 50 27 hence hence RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 50 28 providing provide VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 50 29 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 50 30 basis basis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 50 31 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 50 32 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 50 33 managers manager NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 50 34 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 50 35 decide decide VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 50 36 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 50 37 measures measure NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 50 38 could could MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 50 39 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 50 40 contemplated contemplate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 50 41 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 50 42 reduce reduce VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 50 43 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 50 44 eliminate eliminate VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 50 45 such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 50 46 risks risk NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 50 47 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 51 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 51 2 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 51 3 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 51 4 noted note VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 51 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 51 6 however however RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 51 7 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 51 8 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 51 9 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 51 10 does do VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 51 11 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 51 12 imply imply VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 51 13 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 51 14 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 51 15 hazard hazard NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 51 16 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 51 17 has have VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 51 18 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 51 19 serious serious JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 51 20 effect effect NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 51 21 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 51 22 just just RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 51 23 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 51 24 few few JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 51 25 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 51 26 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 51 27 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 51 28 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 51 29 dealt deal VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 51 30 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 51 31 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 51 32 managers manager NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 51 33 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 51 34 farm farm NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 51 35 level level NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 51 36 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 51 37 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 51 38 suffering suffering NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 51 39 imposed impose VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 51 40 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 51 41 some some DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 51 42 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 51 43 constitute constitute VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 51 44 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 51 45 major major JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 51 46 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 51 47 problem problem NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 51 48 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 51 49 those those DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 51 50 individuals individual NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 51 51 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 2 line line NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 3 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 5 terms term NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 7 reference reference NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 8 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 9 working work VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 10 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 11 restricted restrict VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 12 itself -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 13 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 15 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 16 essence essence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 17 qualitative qualitative JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 19 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 20 assessment assessment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 21 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 22 i.e. i.e. FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 23 only only RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 24 one one CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 25 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 26 three three CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 27 elements element NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 28 essential essential JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 29 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 30 risk risk VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 31 analysis analysis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 32 A a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 33 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 34 assessment assessment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 35 approach approach NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 36 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 37 followed follow VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 38 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 39 similar similar JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 40 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 41 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 42 one one NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 43 generally generally RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 44 adopted adopt VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 45 when when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 46 assessing assess VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 47 microbiological microbiological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 48 risks risk NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 49 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 50 i.e. i.e. FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 51 along along IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 52 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 53 lines line NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 54 suggested suggest VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 55 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 56 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 57 22nd 22nd JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 58 session session NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 59 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 60 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 61 Codex Codex NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 62 Alimentarius Alimentarius NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 63 Commission Commission NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 64 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 65 CAC CAC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 66 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 67 2002 2002 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 68 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 52 69 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 53 1 Incidentally incidentally RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 53 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 53 3 these these DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 53 4 guidelines guideline NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 53 5 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 53 6 been be VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 53 7 characterized characterize VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 53 8 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 53 9 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 53 10 CAC CAC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 53 11 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 53 12 ' ' `` cord-009694-e59kuwf1 53 13 interim interim JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 53 14 ' ' '' cord-009694-e59kuwf1 53 15 because because IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 53 16 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 53 17 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 53 18 subject subject JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 53 19 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 53 20 modifications modification NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 53 21 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 53 22 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 53 23 light light NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 53 24 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 53 25 developments development NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 53 26 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 53 27 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 53 28 science science NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 53 29 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 53 30 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 53 31 analysis analysis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 53 32 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 53 33 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 53 34 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 53 35 result result NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 53 36 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 53 37 efforts effort NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 53 38 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 53 39 harmonize harmonize VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 53 40 definitions definition NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 53 41 across across IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 53 42 various various JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 53 43 disciplines discipline NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 53 44 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 54 1 CAC CAC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 54 2 's 's POS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 54 3 guidelines guideline NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 54 4 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 54 5 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 54 6 essence essence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 54 7 exclusively exclusively RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 54 8 formulated formulate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 54 9 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 54 10 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 54 11 purpose purpose NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 54 12 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 54 13 assessing assess VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 54 14 risks risk NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 54 15 related relate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 54 16 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 54 17 microbiological microbiological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 54 18 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 54 19 chemical chemical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 54 20 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 54 21 physical physical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 54 22 agents agent NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 54 23 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 54 24 serious serious JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 54 25 concern concern NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 54 26 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 54 27 public public JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 54 28 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 54 29 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 55 1 Consequently consequently RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 55 2 -considering -considere VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 55 3 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 55 4 disciplinary disciplinary JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 55 5 focus focus NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 55 6 -the -the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 55 7 working working NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 55 8 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 55 9 had have VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 55 10 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 55 11 adapt adapt VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 55 12 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 55 13 CAC CAC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 55 14 definitions definition NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 55 15 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 55 16 serve serve VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 55 17 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 55 18 purpose purpose NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 55 19 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 56 1 These these DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 56 2 adapted adapt VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 56 3 definitions definition NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 56 4 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 56 5 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 56 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 56 7 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 56 8 alphabethical alphabethical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 56 9 order order NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 56 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 56 11 been be VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 56 12 included include VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 56 13 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 56 14 Chapter chapter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 56 15 2 2 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 56 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 56 17 see see VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 56 18 Risk Risk NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 56 19 Analysis Analysis NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 56 20 Terminology terminology NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 56 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 57 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 57 2 objectives objective NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 57 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 57 4 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 57 5 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 57 6 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 57 7 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 57 8 review review VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 57 9 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 57 10 report report VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 57 11 recent recent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 57 12 scientific scientific JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 57 13 literature literature NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 57 14 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 57 15 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 57 16 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 57 17 including include VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 57 18 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 57 19 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 57 20 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 57 21 intensively intensively RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 57 22 reared rear VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 57 23 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 57 24 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 57 25 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 57 26 report report VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 57 27 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 57 28 recent recent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 57 29 findings finding NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 57 30 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 57 31 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 57 32 update update NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 57 33 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 57 34 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 57 35 Scientific Scientific NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 57 36 Veterinary Veterinary NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 57 37 Committee Committee NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 57 38 's 's POS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 57 39 previous previous JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 57 40 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 57 41 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 57 42 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 57 43 make make VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 57 44 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 57 45 qualitative qualitative JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 57 46 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 57 47 assessment assessment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 57 48 concerning concern VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 57 49 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 57 50 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 57 51 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 57 52 intensively intensively RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 57 53 kept keep VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 57 54 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 57 55 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 58 1 Where where WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 58 2 relevant relevant JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 58 3 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 58 4 food food NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 58 5 safety safety NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 58 6 implications implication NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 58 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 58 8 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 58 9 farming farming NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 58 10 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 58 11 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 58 12 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 58 13 considered consider VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 58 14 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 59 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 59 2 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 59 3 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 59 4 structured structure VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 59 5 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 59 6 five five CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 59 7 major major JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 59 8 parts part NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 59 9 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 60 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 60 2 first first JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 60 3 three three CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 60 4 follow follow VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 60 5 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 60 6 Scientific Scientific NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 60 7 Veterinary Veterinary NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 60 8 Committee Committee NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 60 9 's 's POS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 60 10 previous previous JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 60 11 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 60 12 " " `` cord-009694-e59kuwf1 60 13 On on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 60 14 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 60 15 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 60 16 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 60 17 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 60 18 " " '' cord-009694-e59kuwf1 60 19 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 60 20 introductory introductory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 60 21 chapters chapter NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 60 22 4 4 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 60 23 - - SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 60 24 7 7 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 60 25 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 60 26 background background NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 60 27 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 60 28 measurements measurement NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 60 29 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 60 30 needs need NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 60 31 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 60 32 relation relation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 60 33 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 60 34 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 60 35 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 60 36 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 60 37 chapter chapter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 60 38 8 8 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 60 39 describing describe VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 60 40 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 60 41 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 60 42 diet diet NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 60 43 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 60 44 management management NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 60 45 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 60 46 chapter chapter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 60 47 9 9 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 60 48 describing describe VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 60 49 comparison comparison NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 60 50 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 60 51 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 60 52 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 60 53 factors factor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 60 54 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 61 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 61 2 chapter chapter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 61 3 10 10 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 61 4 common common JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 61 5 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 61 6 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 61 7 use use NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 61 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 61 9 antibiotics antibiotic NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 61 10 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 61 11 described describe VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 61 12 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 62 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 62 2 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 62 3 two two CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 62 4 parts part NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 62 5 involve involve VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 62 6 aspects aspect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 62 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 62 8 meat meat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 62 9 quality quality NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 62 10 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 62 11 food food NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 62 12 safety safety NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 62 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 62 14 chapter chapter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 62 15 11 11 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 62 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 62 17 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 62 18 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 62 19 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 62 20 assessment assessment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 62 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 62 22 chapters chapter NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 62 23 12 12 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 62 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 62 25 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 63 1 Conclusions conclusion NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 63 2 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 63 3 recommendations recommendation NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 63 4 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 63 5 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 63 6 previous previous JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 63 7 SVC SVC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 63 8 document document NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 63 9 together together RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 63 10 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 63 11 updated update VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 63 12 conclusions conclusion NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 63 13 derived derive VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 63 14 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 63 15 recent recent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 63 16 research research NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 63 17 findings finding NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 63 18 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 63 19 presented present VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 63 20 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 63 21 chapter chapter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 63 22 13 13 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 63 23 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 64 1 Effect effect NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 64 2 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 64 3 transport transport NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 64 4 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 64 5 slaughter slaughter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 64 6 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 64 7 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 64 8 ' ' POS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 64 9 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 64 10 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 64 11 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 1 Although although IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 2 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 3 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 4 agreed agree VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 5 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 6 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 7 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 8 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 10 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 11 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 12 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 13 substantially substantially RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 14 affected affect VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 15 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 16 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 17 course course NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 18 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 19 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 20 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 21 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 22 result result NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 23 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 24 transport transport NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 25 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 26 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 27 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 28 does do VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 29 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 30 consider consider VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 31 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 32 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 33 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 34 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 35 aspects aspect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 36 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 37 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 38 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 39 transport transport NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 40 because because IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 41 there there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 42 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 43 already already RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 44 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 45 comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 46 recent recent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 47 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 48 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 49 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 50 Scientific Scientific NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 51 Committee Committee NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 52 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 53 Animal Animal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 54 Health Health NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 55 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 56 Animal Animal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 57 Welfare Welfare NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 58 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 59 SCAHAW SCAHAW NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 60 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 61 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 62 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 63 " " `` cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 64 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 65 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 66 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 67 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 68 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 69 transport transport NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 70 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 71 details detail NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 72 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 73 horses horse NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 74 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 75 pigs pig NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 76 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 77 sheep sheep NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 78 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 79 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 80 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 81 " " '' cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 82 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 83 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 84 adopted adopt VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 85 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 86 11 11 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 87 March March NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 88 2002 2002 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 89 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 90 DG DG NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 91 SANCO SANCO NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 92 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 93 2002 2002 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 65 94 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 66 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 66 2 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 66 3 takes take VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 66 4 into into IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 66 5 account account NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 66 6 all all DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 66 7 aspects aspect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 66 8 related relate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 66 9 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 66 10 transport transport NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 66 11 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 66 12 could could MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 66 13 affect affect VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 66 14 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 66 15 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 66 16 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 66 17 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 66 18 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 66 19 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 66 20 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 66 21 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 66 22 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 66 23 including include VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 66 24 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 66 25 direct direct JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 66 26 effects effect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 66 27 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 66 28 transport transport NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 66 29 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 66 30 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 66 31 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 66 32 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 66 33 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 66 34 effects effect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 66 35 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 66 36 transport transport NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 66 37 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 66 38 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 66 39 transmission transmission NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 66 40 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 2 loading loading NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 3 methods method NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 4 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 5 handling handle VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 6 facilities facility NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 7 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 8 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 9 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 10 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 11 floor floor NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 12 space space NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 13 allowance allowance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 14 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 15 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 16 relationships relationship NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 17 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 18 stocking stocking NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 19 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 20 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 21 density density NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 22 requirements requirement NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 23 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 24 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 25 vehicle vehicle NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 26 design design NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 27 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 28 space space NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 29 requirements requirement NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 30 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 31 ventilation ventilation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 32 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 33 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 34 transporters transporter NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 36 see see VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 37 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 38 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 39 AHAW AHAW NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 40 Scientific Scientific NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 41 Opinion Opinion NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 42 related relate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 43 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 44 Standards standard NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 45 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 46 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 47 microclimate microclimate NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 48 inside inside IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 49 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 50 road road NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 51 transport transport NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 52 vehicles vehicle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 53 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 54 EFSA EFSA NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 55 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 56 Q-2003 Q-2003 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 57 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 58 085 085 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 59 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 60 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 61 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 62 behaviour behaviour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 63 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 64 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 65 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 66 road road NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 67 transport transport NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 68 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 69 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 70 road road NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 71 conditions condition NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 72 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 73 long long JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 74 distance distance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 75 transport transport NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 76 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 77 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 78 travel travel NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 79 times time NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 80 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 81 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 82 reviewed review VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 67 83 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 68 1 Recommendations recommendation NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 68 2 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 68 3 all all PDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 68 4 these these DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 68 5 aspects aspect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 68 6 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 68 7 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 68 8 given give VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 68 9 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 68 10 that that DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 68 11 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 68 12 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 69 1 Feeding feeding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 69 2 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 69 3 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 69 4 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 69 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 69 6 weaning wean VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 69 7 strategies strategy NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 69 8 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 69 9 quality quality NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 69 10 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 69 11 solid solid JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 69 12 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 69 13 liquid liquid JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 69 14 feed feed NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 69 15 4.1.1 4.1.1 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 69 16 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 70 1 Feeding feeding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 70 2 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 70 3 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 70 4 weaning wean VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 70 5 strategies strategy NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 70 6 Recommendations recommendation NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 70 7 Without without IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 70 8 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 70 9 fully fully RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 70 10 functional functional JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 70 11 rumen rumen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 70 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 70 13 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 70 14 will will MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 70 15 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 70 16 unable unable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 70 17 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 70 18 utilise utilise VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 70 19 nutrients nutrient NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 70 20 provided provide VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 70 21 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 70 22 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 70 23 post post NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 70 24 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 70 25 weaning weaning JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 70 26 dry dry JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 70 27 feed feed NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 70 28 diet diet NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 70 29 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 71 1 Attention attention NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 71 2 must must MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 71 3 paid pay VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 71 4 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 71 5 type type NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 71 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 71 7 forage forage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 71 8 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 71 9 consistent consistent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 71 10 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 71 11 particle particle NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 71 12 size size NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 71 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 71 14 starter starter JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 71 15 grain grain NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 71 16 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 71 17 order order NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 71 18 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 71 19 achieve achieve VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 71 20 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 71 21 proper proper JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 71 22 rumen rumen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 71 23 development development NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 71 24 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 72 1 Calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 72 2 weaning weaning NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 72 3 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 72 4 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 72 5 based base VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 72 6 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 72 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 72 8 amount amount NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 72 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 72 10 dry dry JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 72 11 feed feed NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 72 12 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 72 13 ingest ingest VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 72 14 per per IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 72 15 day day NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 72 16 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 72 17 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 72 18 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 72 19 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 72 20 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 72 21 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 72 22 weight weight NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 72 23 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 72 24 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 72 25 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 72 26 starter starter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 72 27 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 72 28 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 72 29 made make VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 72 30 available available JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 72 31 five five CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 72 32 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 72 33 10 10 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 72 34 days day NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 72 35 after after IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 72 36 birth birth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 72 37 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 73 1 A a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 73 2 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 73 3 consuming consume VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 73 4 0.7 0.7 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 73 5 kg kg NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 73 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 73 7 dry dry JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 73 8 feed feed NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 73 9 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 73 10 more more JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 73 11 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 73 12 three three CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 73 13 consecutive consecutive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 73 14 days day NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 73 15 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 73 16 ready ready JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 73 17 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 73 18 weaning wean VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 73 19 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 74 1 When when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 74 2 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 74 3 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 74 4 fed feed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 74 5 low low JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 74 6 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 74 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 74 8 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 74 9 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 74 10 encourage encourage VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 74 11 early early JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 74 12 consumption consumption NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 74 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 74 14 dry dry JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 74 15 food food NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 74 16 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 74 17 weaning weaning NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 74 18 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 74 19 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 74 20 done do VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 74 21 abruptly abruptly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 74 22 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 75 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 75 2 contrast contrast NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 75 3 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 75 4 if if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 75 5 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 75 6 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 75 7 given give VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 75 8 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 75 9 large large JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 75 10 amounts amount NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 75 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 75 12 weaning weaning NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 75 13 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 75 14 require require VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 75 15 two two CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 75 16 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 75 17 three three CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 75 18 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 75 19 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 75 20 slow slow JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 75 21 transition transition NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 75 22 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 75 23 avoid avoid VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 75 24 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 75 25 setback setback NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 75 26 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 75 27 growth growth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 75 28 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 76 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 76 2 provision provision NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 76 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 76 4 solid solid JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 76 5 feeds feed NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 76 6 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 76 7 adequate adequate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 76 8 content content NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 76 9 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 76 10 balance balance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 76 11 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 76 12 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 76 13 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 76 14 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 76 15 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 76 16 prerequisite prerequisite NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 76 17 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 76 18 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 76 19 development development NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 76 20 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 76 21 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 76 22 healthy healthy JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 76 23 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 76 24 functional functional JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 76 25 rumen rumen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 76 26 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 76 27 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 76 28 prevention prevention NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 76 29 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 76 30 abnormal abnormal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 76 31 oral oral JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 76 32 behaviours behaviour NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 76 33 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 76 34 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 76 35 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 76 36 stimulation stimulation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 76 37 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 76 38 normal normal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 76 39 rumination rumination NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 76 40 activity activity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 76 41 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 77 1 Although although IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 77 2 some some DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 77 3 solid solid JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 77 4 feeds feed NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 77 5 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 77 6 exacerbate exacerbate VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 77 7 problems problem NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 77 8 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 77 9 abomasal abomasal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 77 10 ulcers ulcer NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 77 11 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 77 12 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 77 13 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 77 14 fed feed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 77 15 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 77 16 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 77 17 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 77 18 properly properly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 77 19 balanced balanced JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 77 20 rations ration NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 77 21 seem seem VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 77 22 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 77 23 moderate moderate VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 77 24 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 77 25 effect effect NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 77 26 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 78 1 Nutritional nutritional JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 78 2 factors factor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 78 3 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 78 4 clearly clearly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 78 5 involved involve VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 78 6 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 78 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 78 8 etiology etiology NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 78 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 78 10 abomasal abomasal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 78 11 ulcers ulcer NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 78 12 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 78 13 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 78 14 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 78 15 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 79 1 Important important JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 79 2 elements element NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 79 3 include include VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 79 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 79 5 consumption consumption NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 79 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 79 7 large large JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 79 8 quantities quantity NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 79 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 79 10 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 79 11 replacer replacer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 79 12 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 79 13 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 79 14 interaction interaction NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 79 15 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 79 16 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 79 17 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 79 18 replacer replacer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 79 19 diet diet NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 79 20 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 79 21 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 79 22 provision provision NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 79 23 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 79 24 roughage roughage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 79 25 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 80 1 If if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 80 2 vegetable vegetable NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 80 3 proteins protein NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 80 4 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 80 5 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 80 6 properly properly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 80 7 treated treat VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 80 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 80 9 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 80 10 replacers replacer NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 80 11 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 80 12 cause cause VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 80 13 hypersensitivity hypersensitivity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 80 14 reactions reaction NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 80 15 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 80 16 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 80 17 gut gut NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 80 18 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 80 19 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 80 20 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 80 21 compromise compromise VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 80 22 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 80 23 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 80 24 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 81 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 81 2 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 81 3 recommended recommend VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 81 4 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 81 5 solid solid JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 81 6 feeds feed NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 81 7 provided provide VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 81 8 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 81 9 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 81 10 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 81 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 81 12 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 81 13 addition addition NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 81 14 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 81 15 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 81 16 replacer replacer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 81 17 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 81 18 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 81 19 adequately adequately RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 81 20 balanced balance VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 81 21 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 81 22 terms term NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 81 23 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 81 24 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 81 25 amount amount NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 81 26 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 81 27 fibrous fibrous JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 81 28 material material NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 81 29 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 81 30 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 81 31 will will MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 81 32 promote promote VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 81 33 rumination rumination NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 81 34 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 81 35 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 81 36 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 81 37 components component NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 81 38 such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 81 39 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 81 40 proteins protein NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 81 41 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 81 42 carbohydrates carbohydrate NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 81 43 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 81 44 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 81 45 stimulate stimulate VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 81 46 rumen rumen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 81 47 development development NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 81 48 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 81 49 support support VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 81 50 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 81 51 healthy healthy JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 81 52 function function NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 81 53 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 81 54 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 81 55 digestive digestive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 81 56 system system NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 81 57 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 82 1 Since since IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 82 2 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 82 3 replacer replacer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 82 4 formulations formulation NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 82 5 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 82 6 frequently frequently RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 82 7 changing change VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 82 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 82 9 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 82 10 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 82 11 recommended recommend VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 82 12 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 82 13 carefully carefully RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 82 14 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 82 15 consistently consistently RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 82 16 examine examine VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 82 17 allergenic allergenic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 82 18 properties property NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 82 19 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 82 20 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 82 21 possibly possibly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 82 22 detrimental detrimental JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 82 23 effects effect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 82 24 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 82 25 all all DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 82 26 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 82 27 replacers replacer NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 82 28 before before IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 82 29 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 82 30 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 82 31 used use VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 82 32 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 82 33 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 82 34 large large JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 82 35 scale scale NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 82 36 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 83 1 If if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 83 2 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 83 3 concentration concentration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 83 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 83 5 haemoglobin haemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 83 6 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 83 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 83 8 blood blood NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 83 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 83 10 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 83 11 drops drop VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 83 12 below below IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 83 13 4.5 4.5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 83 14 mmol mmol JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 83 15 l l NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 83 16 -1 -1 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 83 17 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 83 18 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 83 19 ability ability NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 83 20 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 83 21 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 83 22 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 83 23 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 83 24 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 83 25 normally normally RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 83 26 active active JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 83 27 as as RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 83 28 well well RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 83 29 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 83 30 lymphocyte lymphocyte NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 83 31 count count NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 83 32 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 83 33 immune immune JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 83 34 system system NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 83 35 function function NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 83 36 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 83 37 substantially substantially RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 83 38 impaired impaired JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 83 39 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 83 40 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 83 41 there there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 83 42 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 83 43 reduced reduce VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 83 44 growth growth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 83 45 rate rate NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 83 46 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 84 1 Below below IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 84 2 5.0 5.0 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 84 3 mmol mmol JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 84 4 l l NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 84 5 -1 -1 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 84 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 84 7 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 84 8 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 84 9 exhibit exhibit VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 84 10 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 84 11 number number NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 84 12 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 84 13 adaptations adaptation NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 84 14 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 84 15 iron iron NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 84 16 deficiency deficiency NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 84 17 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 84 18 including include VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 84 19 elevated elevated JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 84 20 heart heart NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 84 21 rate rate NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 84 22 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 84 23 elevated elevated JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 84 24 urinary urinary JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 84 25 noradrenaline noradrenaline NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 84 26 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 84 27 alterered alterered JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 84 28 reactivity reactivity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 84 29 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 84 30 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 84 31 HPA HPA NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 84 32 axis axis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 84 33 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 85 1 There there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 85 2 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 85 3 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 85 4 lack lack NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 85 5 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 85 6 data datum NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 85 7 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 85 8 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 85 9 variability variability NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 85 10 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 85 11 groups group NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 85 12 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 85 13 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 85 14 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 86 1 Hence hence RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 86 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 86 3 when when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 86 4 haemoblogin haemoblogin NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 86 5 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 86 6 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 86 7 found find VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 86 8 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 86 9 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 86 10 below below IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 86 11 6.0 6.0 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 86 12 mmol mmol JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 87 1 l l NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 87 2 -1 -1 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 88 1 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 88 2 groups group NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 88 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 88 4 young young JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 88 5 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 88 6 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 88 7 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 88 8 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 88 9 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 88 10 field field NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 88 11 practice practice NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 88 12 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 88 13 give give VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 88 14 supplementary supplementary JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 88 15 iron iron NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 88 16 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 89 1 For for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 89 2 older old JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 89 3 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 89 4 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 89 5 including include VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 89 6 those those DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 89 7 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 89 8 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 89 9 last last JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 89 10 four four CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 89 11 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 89 12 before before IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 89 13 slaughter slaughter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 89 14 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 89 15 efficient efficient JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 89 16 production production NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 89 17 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 89 18 possible possible JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 89 19 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 89 20 individual individual JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 89 21 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 89 22 whose whose WP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 89 23 haemoglobin haemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 89 24 concentration concentration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 89 25 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 89 26 above above IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 89 27 4.5 4.5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 89 28 mmol mmol JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 89 29 l l NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 89 30 -1 -1 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 89 31 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 90 1 If if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 90 2 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 90 3 concentration concentration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 90 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 90 5 haemoglobin haemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 90 6 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 90 7 blood blood NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 90 8 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 90 9 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 90 10 checked check VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 90 11 at at RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 90 12 all all RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 90 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 90 14 there there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 90 15 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 90 16 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 90 17 high high JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 90 18 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 90 19 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 90 20 anaemia anaemia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 90 21 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 90 22 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 90 23 associated associate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 90 24 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 90 25 poor poor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 90 26 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 90 27 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 90 28 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 90 29 all all DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 90 30 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 90 31 fed feed VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 90 32 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 90 33 diet diet NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 90 34 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 90 35 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 90 36 very very RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 90 37 low low JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 90 38 iron iron NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 90 39 content content NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 90 40 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 91 1 Anaemia anaemia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 91 2 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 91 3 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 91 4 identified identify VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 91 5 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 91 6 quantified quantify VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 91 7 adequately adequately RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 91 8 if if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 91 9 checks check NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 91 10 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 91 11 carried carry VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 91 12 out out RP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 91 13 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 91 14 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 91 15 production production NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 91 16 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 91 17 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 91 18 2 2 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 91 19 - - SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 91 20 4 4 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 91 21 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 91 22 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 91 23 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 91 24 example example NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 91 25 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 91 26 when when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 91 27 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 91 28 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 91 29 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 91 30 brought bring VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 91 31 into into IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 91 32 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 91 33 unit unit NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 91 34 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 91 35 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 91 36 12 12 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 91 37 - - SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 91 38 14 14 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 91 39 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 91 40 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 91 41 fattening fatten VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 91 42 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 91 43 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 91 44 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 91 45 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 91 46 last last JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 91 47 four four CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 91 48 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 91 49 before before IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 91 50 slaughter slaughter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 91 51 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 92 1 If if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 92 2 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 92 3 concentration concentration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 92 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 92 5 haemoglobin haemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 92 6 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 92 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 92 8 blood blood NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 92 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 92 10 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 92 11 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 92 12 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 92 13 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 92 14 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 92 15 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 92 16 last last JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 92 17 four four CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 92 18 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 92 19 before before IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 92 20 slaughter slaughter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 92 21 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 92 22 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 92 23 mean mean NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 92 24 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 92 25 4.5 4.5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 92 26 mmol mmol JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 92 27 l l NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 92 28 -1 -1 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 92 29 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 92 30 some some DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 92 31 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 92 32 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 92 33 have have VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 92 34 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 92 35 concentration concentration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 92 36 substantially substantially RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 92 37 lower low JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 92 38 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 92 39 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 92 40 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 92 41 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 92 42 mean mean JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 92 43 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 92 44 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 92 45 hence hence RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 92 46 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 92 47 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 92 48 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 92 49 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 92 50 poor poor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 92 51 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 93 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 93 2 order order NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 93 3 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 93 4 avoid avoid VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 93 5 anaemia anaemia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 93 6 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 93 7 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 93 8 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 93 9 associated associate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 93 10 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 93 11 poor poor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 93 12 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 93 13 because because IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 93 14 normal normal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 93 15 activity activity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 93 16 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 93 17 difficult difficult JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 93 18 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 93 19 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 93 20 possible possible JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 93 21 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 93 22 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 93 23 functions function NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 93 24 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 93 25 impaired impair VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 93 26 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 93 27 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 93 28 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 93 29 advisable advisable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 93 30 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 93 31 diets diet NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 93 32 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 93 33 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 93 34 provided provide VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 93 35 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 93 36 result result NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 93 37 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 93 38 blood blood NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 93 39 haemoglobin haemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 93 40 concentrations concentration NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 93 41 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 93 42 at at RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 93 43 least least RBS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 93 44 6.0 6.0 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 93 45 mmol mmol JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 93 46 l l NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 93 47 -1 -1 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 93 48 throughout throughout IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 93 49 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 93 50 life life NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 93 51 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 93 52 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 93 53 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 93 54 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 94 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 94 2 order order NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 94 3 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 94 4 avoid avoid VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 94 5 serious serious JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 94 6 impairment impairment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 94 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 94 8 immune immune JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 94 9 system system NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 94 10 function function NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 94 11 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 94 12 hence hence RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 94 13 poor poor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 94 14 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 94 15 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 94 16 no no DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 94 17 individual individual JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 94 18 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 94 19 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 94 20 have have VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 94 21 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 94 22 blood blood NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 94 23 haemoglobin haemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 94 24 concentration concentration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 94 25 lower low JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 94 26 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 94 27 4.5 4.5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 95 1 mmol mmol NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 95 2 l l NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 95 3 -1 -1 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 95 4 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 96 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 96 2 most most JJS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 96 3 cases case NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 96 4 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 96 5 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 96 6 achieved achieve VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 96 7 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 96 8 adjusting adjust VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 96 9 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 96 10 concentration concentration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 96 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 96 12 iron iron NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 96 13 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 96 14 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 96 15 diet diet NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 96 16 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 96 17 having have VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 96 18 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 96 19 adequate adequate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 96 20 checking checking NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 96 21 system system NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 96 22 so so IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 96 23 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 96 24 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 96 25 above above JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 96 26 condition condition NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 96 27 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 96 28 avoided avoid VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 96 29 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 97 1 Other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 97 2 treatment treatment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 97 3 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 97 4 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 97 5 needed need VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 97 6 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 97 7 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 97 8 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 97 9 clinical clinical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 97 10 conditions condition NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 97 11 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 97 12 cause cause VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 97 13 anaemia anaemia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 97 14 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 97 15 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 97 16 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 97 17 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 97 18 related relate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 97 19 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 97 20 diet diet NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 97 21 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 98 1 Since since IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 98 2 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 98 3 lowest low JJS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 98 4 haemoglobin haemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 98 5 concentrations concentration NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 98 6 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 98 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 98 8 blood blood NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 98 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 98 10 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 98 11 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 98 12 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 98 13 usually usually RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 98 14 reached reach VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 98 15 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 98 16 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 98 17 last last JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 98 18 four four CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 98 19 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 98 20 before before IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 98 21 slaughter slaughter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 98 22 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 98 23 these these DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 98 24 blood blood NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 98 25 concentrations concentration NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 98 26 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 98 27 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 98 28 checked check VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 98 29 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 98 30 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 98 31 time time NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 98 32 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 99 1 Such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 99 2 controls control NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 99 3 would would MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 99 4 help help VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 99 5 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 99 6 see see VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 99 7 if if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 99 8 measures measure NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 99 9 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 99 10 necessary necessary JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 99 11 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 99 12 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 99 13 taken take VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 99 14 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 99 15 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 99 16 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 100 1 A a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 100 2 checking checking NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 100 3 system system NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 100 4 using use VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 100 5 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 100 6 mean mean JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 100 7 level level NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 100 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 100 9 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 100 10 whose whose WP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 100 11 aim aim NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 100 12 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 100 13 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 100 14 avoid avoid VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 100 15 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 100 16 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 100 17 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 100 18 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 100 19 low low JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 100 20 haemoglobin haemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 100 21 concentration concentration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 100 22 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 100 23 any any DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 100 24 individual individual NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 101 1 lower low JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 101 2 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 101 3 4.5 4.5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 101 4 mmol mmol JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 101 5 l l NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 101 6 -1 -1 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 101 7 would would MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 101 8 have have VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 101 9 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 101 10 use use VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 101 11 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 101 12 mean mean NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 101 13 substantially substantially RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 101 14 higher high JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 101 15 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 101 16 4,5 4,5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 101 17 mmol mmol JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 102 1 l l NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 102 2 -1 -1 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 102 3 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 102 4 probably probably RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 102 5 6 6 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 102 6 mmol mmol JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 102 7 l l NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 102 8 -1 -1 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 102 9 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 102 10 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 102 11 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 102 12 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 102 13 sample sample NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 102 14 size size NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 102 15 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 103 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 103 2 order order NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 103 3 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 103 4 avoid avoid VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 103 5 poor poor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 103 6 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 103 7 associated associate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 103 8 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 103 9 anaemia anaemia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 103 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 103 11 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 103 12 explained explain VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 103 13 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 103 14 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 103 15 Conclusions Conclusions NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 103 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 103 17 above above RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 103 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 103 19 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 103 20 measurements measurement NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 103 21 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 103 22 average average JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 103 23 blood blood NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 103 24 haemoglobin haemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 103 25 concentration concentration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 103 26 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 103 27 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 103 28 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 103 29 satisfactory satisfactory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 103 30 means mean NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 103 31 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 103 32 avoiding avoid VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 103 33 poor poor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 103 34 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 103 35 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 103 36 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 103 37 use use NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 103 38 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 103 39 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 103 40 minimum minimum JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 103 41 level level NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 103 42 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 103 43 4.5 4.5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 103 44 mmol mmol JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 103 45 l l NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 103 46 -1 -1 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 103 47 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 103 48 individual individual JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 103 49 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 103 50 would would MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 103 51 achieve achieve VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 103 52 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 103 53 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 104 1 There there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 104 2 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 104 3 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 104 4 lack lack NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 104 5 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 104 6 data datum NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 104 7 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 104 8 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 104 9 haemoglobin haemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 104 10 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 104 11 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 104 12 variation variation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 104 13 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 104 14 groups group NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 104 15 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 104 16 slaughtering slaughter VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 104 17 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 104 18 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 105 1 To to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 105 2 gain gain VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 105 3 more more JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 105 4 information information NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 105 5 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 105 6 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 105 7 basis basis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 105 8 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 105 9 further further JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 105 10 actions action NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 105 11 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 105 12 recommendations recommendation NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 105 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 105 14 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 105 15 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 105 16 advisable advisable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 105 17 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 105 18 perform perform VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 105 19 sampling sampling NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 105 20 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 105 21 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 105 22 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 105 23 slaughter slaughter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 105 24 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 105 25 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 105 26 checking check VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 105 27 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 105 28 haemoglobin haemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 105 29 level level NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 105 30 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 105 31 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 105 32 random random JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 105 33 basis basis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 105 34 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 105 35 groups group NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 105 36 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 105 37 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 105 38 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 106 1 Space space NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 106 2 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 106 3 pen pen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 106 4 design design NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 106 5 Recommendations Recommendations NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 106 6 Space Space NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 106 7 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 106 8 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 106 9 enough enough JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 106 10 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 106 11 allow allow VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 106 12 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 106 13 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 106 14 fulfill fulfill VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 106 15 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 106 16 needs need NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 106 17 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 106 18 social social JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 106 19 behaviour behaviour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 106 20 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 106 21 lying lying NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 106 22 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 106 23 grooming grooming NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 106 24 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 107 1 As as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 107 2 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 107 3 pen pen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 107 4 shape shape NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 107 5 affects affect VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 107 6 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 107 7 use use NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 107 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 107 9 space space NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 107 10 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 107 11 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 107 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 107 13 pens pen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 107 14 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 107 15 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 107 16 rectangular rectangular JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 107 17 rather rather RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 107 18 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 107 19 square square JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 107 20 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 107 21 pen pen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 107 22 space space NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 107 23 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 107 24 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 107 25 divided divide VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 107 26 into into IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 107 27 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 107 28 usable usable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 107 29 areas area NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 107 30 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 108 1 As as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 108 2 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 108 3 floor floor NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 108 4 type type NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 108 5 affects affect VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 108 6 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 108 7 resting resting NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 108 8 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 108 9 lying lie VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 108 10 postures posture NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 108 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 108 12 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 108 13 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 108 14 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 108 15 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 108 16 comfortable comfortable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 108 17 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 109 1 Wet wet JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 109 2 floors floor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 109 3 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 109 4 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 109 5 avoided avoid VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 109 6 due due IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 109 7 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 109 8 thermal thermal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 109 9 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 109 10 resting rest VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 109 11 problems problem NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 109 12 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 110 1 Degree degree NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 110 2 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 110 3 social social JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 110 4 contact contact NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 110 5 Conclusions Conclusions NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 110 6 Group Group NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 110 7 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 110 8 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 110 9 help help VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 110 10 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 110 11 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 110 12 acquire acquire VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 110 13 social social JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 110 14 skills skill NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 110 15 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 111 1 Some some DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 111 2 experience experience NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 111 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 111 4 mixing mix VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 111 5 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 111 6 important important JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 111 7 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 111 8 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 111 9 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 111 10 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 111 11 been be VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 111 12 reared rear VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 111 13 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 111 14 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 111 15 while while NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 111 16 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 111 17 groups group NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 111 18 dominate dominate VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 111 19 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 111 20 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 111 21 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 111 22 always always RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 111 23 been be VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 111 24 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 111 25 individual individual JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 111 26 crates crate NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 111 27 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 112 1 When when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 112 2 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 112 3 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 112 4 mixed mix VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 112 5 together together RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 112 6 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 112 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 112 8 first first JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 112 9 few few JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 112 10 days day NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 112 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 112 12 life life NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 112 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 112 14 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 112 15 then then RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 112 16 kept keep VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 112 17 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 112 18 some some DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 112 19 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 112 20 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 112 21 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 112 22 social social JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 112 23 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 112 24 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 112 25 there there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 112 26 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 112 27 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 112 28 poor poor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 112 29 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 112 30 because because IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 112 31 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 112 32 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 112 33 following follow VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 112 34 risks risk NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 112 35 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 112 36 1 1 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 112 37 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 113 1 Especially especially RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 113 2 when when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 113 3 individuals individual NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 113 4 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 113 5 provided provide VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 113 6 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 113 7 inadequate inadequate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 113 8 access access NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 113 9 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 113 10 teats teat NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 113 11 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 113 12 roughage roughage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 113 13 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 113 14 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 113 15 diet diet NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 113 16 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 113 17 cross cross NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 113 18 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 113 19 sucking sucking JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 113 20 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 113 21 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 113 22 abnormal abnormal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 113 23 sucking suck VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 113 24 behaviour behaviour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 113 25 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 113 26 occur occur VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 113 27 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 114 1 2 2 LS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 114 2 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 115 1 Some some DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 115 2 individuals individual NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 115 3 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 115 4 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 115 5 unaccustomed unaccustomed JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 115 6 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 115 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 115 8 food food NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 115 9 access access NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 115 10 method method NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 115 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 115 12 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 115 13 example example NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 115 14 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 115 15 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 115 16 have have VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 115 17 only only RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 115 18 received receive VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 115 19 food food NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 115 20 via via IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 115 21 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 115 22 teat teat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 115 23 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 115 24 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 115 25 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 115 26 find find VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 115 27 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 115 28 difficult difficult JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 115 29 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 115 30 drink drink VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 115 31 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 115 32 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 115 33 bucket bucket NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 115 34 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 116 1 3 3 LS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 116 2 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 117 1 Calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 117 2 coming come VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 117 3 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 117 4 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 117 5 buildings building NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 117 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 117 7 perhaps perhaps RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 117 8 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 117 9 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 117 10 farms farm NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 117 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 117 12 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 117 13 carry carry VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 117 14 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 117 15 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 117 16 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 117 17 hence hence RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 117 18 there there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 117 19 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 117 20 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 117 21 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 117 22 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 117 23 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 117 24 spread spread VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 117 25 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 117 26 all all PDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 117 27 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 117 28 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 117 29 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 117 30 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 117 31 put put VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 117 32 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 117 33 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 117 34 same same JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 117 35 airspace airspace NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 117 36 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 117 37 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 117 38 otherwise otherwise RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 117 39 exposed expose VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 117 40 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 117 41 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 117 42 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 117 43 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 118 1 Since since IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 118 2 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 118 3 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 118 4 social social JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 118 5 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 118 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 118 7 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 118 8 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 118 9 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 118 10 kept keep VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 118 11 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 118 12 social social JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 118 13 groups group NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 118 14 wherever wherever WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 118 15 possible possible JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 118 16 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 119 1 These these DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 119 2 groups group NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 119 3 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 119 4 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 119 5 stable stable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 119 6 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 119 7 no no DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 119 8 mixing mixing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 119 9 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 119 10 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 119 11 more more JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 119 12 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 119 13 one one CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 119 14 mixing mixing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 119 15 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 120 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 120 2 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 120 3 advisable advisable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 120 4 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 120 5 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 120 6 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 120 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 120 8 first first JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 120 9 two two CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 120 10 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 120 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 120 12 life life NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 120 13 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 120 14 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 120 15 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 120 16 mixed mix VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 120 17 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 120 18 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 120 19 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 120 20 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 121 1 If if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 121 2 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 121 3 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 121 4 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 121 5 buildings building NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 121 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 121 7 perhaps perhaps RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 121 8 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 121 9 farms farm NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 121 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 121 11 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 121 12 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 121 13 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 121 14 mixed mix VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 121 15 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 121 16 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 121 17 pen pen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 121 18 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 121 19 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 121 20 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 121 21 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 121 22 put put VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 121 23 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 121 24 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 121 25 pens pen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 121 26 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 121 27 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 121 28 same same JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 121 29 airspace airspace NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 121 30 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 121 31 quarantining quarantine VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 121 32 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 121 33 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 121 34 3 3 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 121 35 - - SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 121 36 4 4 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 121 37 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 121 38 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 121 39 reduce reduce VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 121 40 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 121 41 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 121 42 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 121 43 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 121 44 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 121 45 hence hence RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 121 46 prevent prevent VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 121 47 poor poor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 121 48 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 121 49 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 122 1 Although although IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 122 2 cross cross JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 122 3 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 122 4 sucking sucking JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 122 5 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 122 6 sometimes sometimes RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 122 7 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 122 8 minimised minimise VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 122 9 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 122 10 provision provision NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 122 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 122 12 teats teat NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 122 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 122 14 water water NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 122 15 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 122 16 roughage roughage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 122 17 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 122 18 if if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 122 19 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 122 20 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 122 21 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 122 22 possible possible JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 122 23 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 122 24 mixing mix VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 122 25 into into IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 122 26 groups group NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 122 27 could could MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 122 28 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 122 29 delayed delay VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 122 30 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 122 31 three three CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 122 32 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 122 33 four four CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 122 34 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 122 35 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 123 1 Calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 123 2 fed feed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 123 3 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 123 4 various various JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 123 5 means mean NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 123 6 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 123 7 require require VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 123 8 careful careful JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 123 9 supervision supervision NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 123 10 after after IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 123 11 being be VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 123 12 put put VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 123 13 into into IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 123 14 groups group NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 123 15 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 123 16 order order NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 123 17 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 123 18 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 123 19 learn learn VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 123 20 how how WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 123 21 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 123 22 feed feed VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 123 23 effectively effectively RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 123 24 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 124 1 Temperature temperature NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 124 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 124 3 ventilation ventilation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 124 4 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 124 5 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 124 6 hygiene hygiene NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 125 1 Calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 125 2 rearing rearing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 125 3 causes cause VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 125 4 significant significant JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 125 5 emissions emission NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 125 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 125 7 substances substance NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 125 8 such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 125 9 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 125 10 nitrate nitrate NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 125 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 125 12 phosphate phosphate NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 125 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 125 14 heavy heavy JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 125 15 metals metal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 125 16 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 125 17 possibly possibly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 125 18 antibiotics antibiotic NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 125 19 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 125 20 manure manure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 125 21 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 125 22 liquid liquid JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 125 23 effluents effluent NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 125 24 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 126 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 126 2 addition addition NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 126 3 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 126 4 there there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 126 5 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 126 6 odours odour NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 126 7 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 126 8 gases gas NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 126 9 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 126 10 dusts dust NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 126 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 126 12 micro micro NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 126 13 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 126 14 organisms organism NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 126 15 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 126 16 endotoxins endotoxin NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 126 17 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 126 18 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 126 19 exhaust exhaust NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 126 20 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 126 21 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 126 22 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 126 23 houses house NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 126 24 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 127 1 Also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 127 2 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 127 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 127 4 handling handling NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 127 5 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 127 6 manure manure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 127 7 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 127 8 storage storage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 127 9 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 127 10 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 127 11 application application NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 127 12 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 127 13 manure manure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 127 14 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 127 15 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 127 16 grazing grazing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 127 17 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 128 1 These these DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 128 2 effluents effluent NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 128 3 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 128 4 have have VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 128 5 distinct distinct JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 128 6 impacts impact NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 128 7 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 128 8 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 128 9 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 128 10 water water NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 128 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 128 12 soil soil NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 128 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 128 14 biodiversity biodiversity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 128 15 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 128 16 plants plant NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 128 17 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 128 18 forest forest NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 128 19 decay decay NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 128 20 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 128 21 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 128 22 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 128 23 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 128 24 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 128 25 including include VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 128 26 humans human NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 128 27 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 129 1 Calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 129 2 houses house NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 129 3 possess possess VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 129 4 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 129 5 high high JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 129 6 potential potential NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 129 7 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 129 8 emissions emission NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 129 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 129 10 ammonia ammonia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 129 11 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 129 12 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 129 13 gases gas NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 129 14 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 130 1 Dust dust NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 130 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 130 3 endotoxins endotoxin NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 130 4 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 130 5 micro micro NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 130 6 - - NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 130 7 organisms organism NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 130 8 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 130 9 emitted emit VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 130 10 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 130 11 lower low JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 130 12 amounts amount NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 130 13 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 130 14 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 130 15 pig pig NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 130 16 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 130 17 poultry poultry NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 130 18 production production NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 130 19 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 131 1 Odour odour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 131 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 131 3 bioaerosols bioaerosol NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 131 4 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 131 5 ammonia ammonia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 131 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 131 7 nitrogen nitrogen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 131 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 131 9 phosphorous phosphorous JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 131 10 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 131 11 heavy heavy JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 131 12 metals metal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 131 13 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 131 14 either either RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 131 15 have have VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 131 16 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 131 17 local local JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 131 18 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 131 19 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 131 20 regional regional JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 131 21 impact impact NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 131 22 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 132 1 Gases gas NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 132 2 such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 132 3 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 132 4 methane methane NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 132 5 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 132 6 nitrous nitrous JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 132 7 oxide oxide NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 132 8 contribute contribute VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 132 9 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 132 10 global global JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 132 11 warming warming NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 132 12 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 133 1 Respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 133 2 disorders disorder NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 133 3 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 133 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 133 5 second second RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 133 6 largest large JJS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 133 7 reason reason NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 133 8 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 133 9 morbility morbility NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 133 10 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 133 11 mortality mortality NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 133 12 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 133 13 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 133 14 rearing rearing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 133 15 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 134 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 134 2 most most RBS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 134 3 important important JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 134 4 causes cause NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 134 5 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 134 6 environmental environmental JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 134 7 conditions condition NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 134 8 such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 134 9 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 134 10 hygiene hygiene NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 134 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 134 12 management management NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 134 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 134 14 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 134 15 physical physical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 134 16 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 134 17 chemical chemical NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 134 18 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 134 19 biological biological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 134 20 factors factor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 134 21 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 134 22 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 134 23 environment environment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 134 24 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 135 1 Ventilation ventilation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 135 2 plays play VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 135 3 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 135 4 decisive decisive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 135 5 role role NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 135 6 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 135 7 reducing reduce VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 135 8 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 135 9 incidence incidence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 135 10 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 135 11 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 135 12 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 135 13 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 136 1 Temperatures temperature NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 136 2 below below IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 136 3 5 5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 136 4 ºC ºC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 136 5 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 136 6 compromise compromise VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 136 7 lung lung NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 136 8 function function NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 136 9 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 137 1 Ammonia ammonia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 137 2 concentrations concentration NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 137 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 137 4 more more JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 137 5 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 137 6 6 6 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 137 7 ppm ppm NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 137 8 seem seem VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 137 9 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 137 10 increase increase VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 137 11 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 137 12 infections infection NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 137 13 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 138 1 Relative relative JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 138 2 humidity humidity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 138 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 138 4 more more JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 138 5 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 138 6 80 80 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 138 7 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 138 8 bear bear VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 138 9 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 138 10 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 138 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 138 12 increased increase VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 138 13 heat heat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 138 14 dissipation dissipation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 138 15 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 138 16 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 138 17 help help VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 138 18 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 138 19 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 138 20 survive survive VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 138 21 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 138 22 airborne airborne JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 138 23 state state NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 138 24 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 139 1 Air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 139 2 velocities velocity NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 139 3 close close JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 139 4 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 139 5 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 139 6 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 139 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 139 8 more more JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 139 9 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 139 10 0.5 0.5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 139 11 m m NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 139 12 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 139 13 s s PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 139 14 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 139 15 significantly significantly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 139 16 increase increase VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 139 17 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 139 18 sounds sound NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 139 19 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 139 20 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 139 21 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 140 1 Sufficient sufficient JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 140 2 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 140 3 space space NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 140 4 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 140 5 confined confine VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 140 6 buildings building NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 140 7 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 140 8 help help VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 140 9 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 140 10 reduce reduce VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 140 11 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 140 12 concentration concentration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 140 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 140 14 airborne airborne JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 140 15 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 140 16 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 141 1 Calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 141 2 houses house NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 141 3 contain contain VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 141 4 relatively relatively RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 141 5 high high JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 141 6 amounts amount NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 141 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 141 8 endotoxins endotoxin NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 141 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 141 10 640 640 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 141 11 EU EU NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 141 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 142 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 142 2 EU EU NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 142 3 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 142 4 Endotoxin Endotoxin NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 142 5 Unit Unit NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 142 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 142 7 see see VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 142 8 Scientific Scientific NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 142 9 Report Report NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 142 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 142 11 www.efsa.eu.int www.efsa.eu.int ADD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 142 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 143 1 There there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 143 2 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 143 3 concern concern NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 143 4 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 143 5 antibiotic antibiotic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 143 6 residues residue NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 143 7 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 143 8 contribute contribute VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 143 9 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 143 10 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 143 11 development development NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 143 12 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 143 13 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 143 14 resistance resistance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 143 15 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 144 1 Local local JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 144 2 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 144 3 regional regional JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 144 4 environmental environmental JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 144 5 problems problem NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 144 6 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 144 7 enhanced enhance VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 144 8 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 144 9 high high JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 144 10 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 144 11 densities density NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 144 12 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 144 13 insufficient insufficient JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 144 14 distances distance NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 144 15 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 144 16 farms farm NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 144 17 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 144 18 residential residential JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 144 19 areas area NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 144 20 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 145 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 145 2 exact exact JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 145 3 quantitative quantitative JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 145 4 contribution contribution NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 145 5 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 145 6 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 145 7 rearing rearing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 145 8 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 145 9 environmental environmental JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 145 10 pollution pollution NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 145 11 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 145 12 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 145 13 impact impact NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 145 14 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 145 15 water water NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 145 16 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 145 17 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 145 18 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 145 19 soil soil NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 145 20 vegetation vegetation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 145 21 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 145 22 nearby nearby JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 145 23 residents resident NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 145 24 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 145 25 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 145 26 yet yet RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 145 27 well well RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 145 28 understood understand VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 145 29 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 146 1 When when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 146 2 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 146 3 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 146 4 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 146 5 compared compare VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 146 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 146 7 although although IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 146 8 dust dust NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 146 9 emission emission NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 146 10 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 146 11 will will MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 146 12 seldom seldom RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 146 13 pose pose VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 146 14 problems problem NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 146 15 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 146 16 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 146 17 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 146 18 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 146 19 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 146 20 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 146 21 ammonia ammonia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 146 22 emission emission NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 146 23 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 146 24 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 146 25 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 146 26 high high JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 146 27 enough enough RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 146 28 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 146 29 exacerbate exacerbate VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 146 30 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 146 31 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 146 32 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 146 33 especially especially RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 146 34 when when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 146 35 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 146 36 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 146 37 kept keep VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 146 38 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 146 39 slatted slatted JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 146 40 floor floor NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 146 41 units unit NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 146 42 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 147 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 147 2 development development NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 147 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 147 4 low low JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 147 5 emission emission NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 147 6 production production NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 147 7 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 147 8 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 147 9 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 147 10 encouraged encourage VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 147 11 including include VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 147 12 mitigation mitigation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 147 13 techniques technique NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 147 14 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 147 15 e.g. e.g. RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 147 16 biofilters biofilter NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 147 17 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 147 18 bioscrubbers bioscrubber NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 147 19 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 147 20 covered cover VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 147 21 manure manure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 147 22 pits pit NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 147 23 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 147 24 shallow shallow JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 147 25 manure manure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 147 26 application application NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 147 27 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 148 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 148 2 particular particular JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 148 3 there there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 148 4 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 148 5 need need NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 148 6 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 148 7 reduce reduce VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 148 8 ammonia ammonia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 148 9 emissions emission NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 148 10 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 148 11 slatted slatted JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 148 12 floor floor NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 148 13 units unit NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 148 14 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 148 15 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 148 16 reduce reduce VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 148 17 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 148 18 usage usage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 148 19 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 148 20 such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 148 21 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 148 22 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 149 1 Adequate adequate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 149 2 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 149 3 efficient efficient JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 149 4 feeding feeding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 149 5 regimes regime NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 149 6 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 149 7 required require VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 149 8 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 149 9 minimal minimal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 149 10 wastage wastage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 149 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 149 12 nitrogen nitrogen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 149 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 149 14 phosphorous phosphorous NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 149 15 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 149 16 limited limited JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 149 17 use use NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 149 18 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 149 19 growth growth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 149 20 promoters promoter NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 149 21 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 149 22 drugs drug NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 149 23 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 150 1 There there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 150 2 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 150 3 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 150 4 urgent urgent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 150 5 need need NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 150 6 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 150 7 cooperative cooperative JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 150 8 research research NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 150 9 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 150 10 design design VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 150 11 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 150 12 ventilation ventilation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 150 13 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 150 14 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 150 15 improve improve VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 150 16 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 150 17 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 150 18 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 150 19 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 150 20 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 150 21 kept keep VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 150 22 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 150 23 confined confine VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 150 24 rearing rearing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 150 25 conditions condition NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 150 26 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 151 1 Temperatures temperature NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 151 2 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 151 3 young young JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 151 4 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 151 5 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 151 6 range range VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 151 7 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 151 8 5 5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 151 9 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 151 10 26 26 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 151 11 ºC. ºC. NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 151 12 Ammonia ammonia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 151 13 concentrations concentration NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 151 14 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 151 15 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 151 16 kept keep VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 151 17 as as RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 151 18 low low JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 151 19 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 151 20 possible possible JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 151 21 preferably preferably RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 151 22 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 151 23 more more JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 151 24 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 151 25 6 6 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 151 26 ppm ppm NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 151 27 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 152 1 Housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 152 2 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 152 3 management management NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 152 4 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 152 5 aim aim VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 152 6 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 152 7 reducing reduce VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 152 8 dust dust NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 152 9 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 152 10 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 152 11 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 152 12 endotoxin endotoxin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 152 13 concentrations concentration NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 152 14 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 152 15 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 152 16 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 152 17 house house NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 152 18 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 152 19 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 153 1 Minimum minimum JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 153 2 ventilation ventilation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 153 3 rates rate NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 153 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 153 5 10 10 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 153 6 m m NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 153 7 3 3 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 153 8 per per IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 153 9 100 100 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 153 10 kg kg NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 153 11 live live JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 153 12 weight weight NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 153 13 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 153 14 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 153 15 applied apply VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 153 16 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 154 1 Human human JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 154 2 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 154 3 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 154 4 relationships relationship NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 155 1 Recommendation Recommendation NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 155 2 Stockpersons Stockpersons NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 155 3 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 155 4 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 155 5 appropriately appropriately RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 155 6 trained train VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 155 7 so so IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 155 8 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 155 9 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 155 10 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 155 11 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 155 12 skills skill NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 155 13 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 155 14 rearing rear VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 155 15 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 155 16 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 156 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 156 2 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 156 3 have have VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 156 4 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 156 5 positive positive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 156 6 attitude attitude NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 156 7 towards towards IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 156 8 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 156 9 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 156 10 work work VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 156 11 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 156 12 them -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 156 13 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 156 14 order order NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 156 15 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 156 16 minimise minimise VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 156 17 stress stress NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 156 18 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 156 19 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 156 20 maintain maintain VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 156 21 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 156 22 high high JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 156 23 quality quality NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 156 24 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 156 25 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 156 26 control control NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 156 27 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 157 1 Rough rough JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 157 2 contact contact NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 157 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 157 4 e.g. e.g. RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 157 5 use use NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 157 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 157 7 painful painful JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 157 8 device device NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 157 9 such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 157 10 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 157 11 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 157 12 electric electric JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 157 13 prod prod NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 157 14 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 157 15 loud loud JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 157 16 noises noise NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 157 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 157 18 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 157 19 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 157 20 avoided avoid VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 157 21 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 157 22 gentle gentle JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 157 23 contacts contact NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 157 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 157 25 e.g. e.g. RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 157 26 talking talk VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 157 27 softly softly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 157 28 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 157 29 stroking stroke VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 157 30 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 157 31 offering offer VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 157 32 food food NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 157 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 157 34 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 157 35 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 157 36 encouraged encourage VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 157 37 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 158 1 This this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 158 2 sort sort NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 158 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 158 4 contact contact NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 158 5 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 158 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 158 7 particular particular JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 158 8 importance importance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 158 9 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 158 10 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 158 11 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 158 12 groups group NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 158 13 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 158 14 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 158 15 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 158 16 dam dam NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 158 17 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 158 18 tend tend VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 158 19 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 158 20 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 158 21 approach approach VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 158 22 humans human NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 158 23 readily readily RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 158 24 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 159 1 Dehorning dehorning NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 159 2 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 159 3 castration castration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 159 4 If if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 159 5 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 159 6 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 159 7 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 159 8 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 159 9 dehorned dehorn VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 159 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 159 11 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 159 12 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 159 13 recommend recommend VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 159 14 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 159 15 disbud disbud VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 159 16 young young JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 159 17 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 159 18 rather rather RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 159 19 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 159 20 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 159 21 dehorn dehorn VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 159 22 older old JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 159 23 ones one NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 159 24 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 160 1 Disbudding disbud VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 160 2 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 160 3 cautery cautery NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 160 4 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 160 5 recommended recommend VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 160 6 over over IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 160 7 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 160 8 methods method NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 160 9 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 161 1 Local local JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 161 2 anaesthesia anaesthesia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 161 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 162 1 e.g. e.g. RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 162 2 5 5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 162 3 - - SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 162 4 6 6 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 162 5 mL ml NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 162 6 lidocaïne lidocaïne NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 162 7 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 162 8 lignocaïne lignocaïne JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 162 9 2 2 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 162 10 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 162 11 around around IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 162 12 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 162 13 corneal corneal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 162 14 nerve nerve NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 162 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 162 16 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 162 17 analgesia analgesia VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 162 18 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 162 19 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 162 20 NSAID NSAID NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 162 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 162 22 e.g. e.g. RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 162 23 5 5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 162 24 mL mL NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 162 25 Flunixin Flunixin NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 162 26 Meglumine Meglumine NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 162 27 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 162 28 3 3 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 162 29 -3.75 -3.75 SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 162 30 mg mg NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 162 31 ketoprofen ketoprofen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 162 32 10 10 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 162 33 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 162 34 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 162 35 kg kg NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 162 36 body body NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 162 37 weight weight NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 162 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 162 39 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 162 40 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 162 41 given give VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 162 42 15 15 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 162 43 - - SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 162 44 20 20 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 162 45 min min NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 162 46 before before IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 162 47 disbudding disbudding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 162 48 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 1 If if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 2 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 3 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 4 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 5 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 6 castrated castrate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 7 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 8 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 9 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 10 recommended recommend VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 11 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 12 castrate castrate VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 13 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 14 as as RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 15 early early RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 16 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 17 possible possible JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 19 no no RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 20 later later RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 21 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 22 1.5 1.5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 23 mo mo NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 24 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 25 preferably preferably RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 26 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 27 1 1 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 28 wk wk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 29 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 30 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 32 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 33 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 34 use use VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 35 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 36 Burdizzo Burdizzo NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 37 method method NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 38 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 39 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 40 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 41 provide provide VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 42 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 43 anaesthesia anaesthesia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 44 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 45 analgesia analgesia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 46 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 47 e.g. e.g. RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 48 3 3 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 49 mL ml NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 50 Lignocaine Lignocaine NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 51 2 2 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 52 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 53 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 54 each each DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 55 testicle testicle NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 56 through through IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 57 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 58 distal distal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 59 pole pole NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 60 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 61 3 3 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 62 mg mg NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 63 Ketoprofen Ketoprofen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 64 10 10 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 65 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 66 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 67 kg kg NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 68 body body NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 69 weight weight NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 70 injected inject VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 71 intravenously intravenously RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 72 both both DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 73 20 20 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 74 min min NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 75 before before IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 76 castration castration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 77 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 163 78 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 1 Prevention prevention NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 2 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 3 typical typical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 4 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 5 diseases disease NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 6 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 8 first first JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 9 6 6 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 10 months month NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 12 life life NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 13 such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 14 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 15 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 16 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 17 enzootic enzootic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 18 bronchopneumonia bronchopneumonia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 19 requires require VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 20 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 21 systematic systematic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 22 approach approach NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 23 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 24 improving improve VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 25 management management NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 26 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 27 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 28 conditions condition NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 29 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 30 specifically specifically RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 31 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 32 preparation preparation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 33 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 34 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 35 cow cow NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 36 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 37 hygiene hygiene NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 38 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 39 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 40 calving calving NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 41 environment environment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 42 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 43 including include VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 44 dry dry JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 45 clean clean JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 46 bedding bedding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 47 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 48 high high JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 49 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 50 quality quality NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 51 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 52 immediate immediate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 53 supply supply NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 54 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 55 maternal maternal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 56 antibodies antibody NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 57 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 58 no no DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 59 mixing mix VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 60 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 61 older old JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 62 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 63 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 64 careful careful JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 65 attention attention NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 66 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 67 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 68 rapid rapid JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 69 response response NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 70 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 71 any any DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 72 sign sign NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 73 indicating indicate VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 74 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 164 75 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 165 1 Main main JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 165 2 foodborne foodborne JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 165 3 hazards hazard NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 165 4 associated associate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 165 5 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 165 6 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 165 7 farming farming NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 165 8 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 165 9 Salmonella Salmonella NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 165 10 spp spp NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 165 11 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 166 1 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 166 2 human human JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 166 3 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 166 4 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 166 5 verotoxigenic verotoxigenic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 166 6 Escherichia escherichia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 166 7 coli coli NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 166 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 166 9 HP HP NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 166 10 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 166 11 VTEC VTEC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 166 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 166 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 166 14 thermophilic thermophilic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 166 15 Campylobacter Campylobacter NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 166 16 spp spp NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 166 17 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 167 1 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 167 2 Mycobacterium Mycobacterium NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 167 3 bovis bovis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 167 4 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 167 5 Taenia Taenia NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 167 6 saginata saginata NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 167 7 cysticercus cysticercus NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 167 8 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 167 9 Cryptosporidium Cryptosporidium NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 167 10 parvum parvum NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 167 11 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 167 12 Giardia Giardia NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 167 13 duodenalis duodenalis NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 167 14 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 168 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 168 2 prevalence prevalence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 168 3 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 168 4 level level NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 168 5 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 168 6 infection infection NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 168 7 and/or and/or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 168 8 contamination contamination NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 168 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 168 10 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 168 11 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 168 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 168 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 168 14 further further JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 168 15 spread spread NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 168 16 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 168 17 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 168 18 foodborne foodborne JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 168 19 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 168 20 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 168 21 farms farm NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 168 22 depend depend VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 168 23 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 168 24 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 168 25 status status NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 168 26 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 168 27 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 168 28 inter inter JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 168 29 - - NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 168 30 relationship relationship NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 168 31 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 168 32 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 168 33 contributing contributing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 168 34 factors factor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 168 35 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 168 36 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 168 37 inherently inherently RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 168 38 highly highly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 168 39 variable variable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 168 40 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 169 1 Present present JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 169 2 knowledge knowledge NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 169 3 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 169 4 published publish VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 169 5 data datum NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 169 6 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 169 7 insufficient insufficient JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 169 8 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 169 9 produce produce VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 169 10 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 169 11 universal universal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 169 12 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 169 13 assessment assessment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 169 14 enabling enable VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 169 15 quantitative quantitative JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 169 16 food food NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 169 17 safety safety NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 169 18 categorization categorization NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 169 19 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 169 20 ranking ranking NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 169 21 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 169 22 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 169 23 types type NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 169 24 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 169 25 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 169 26 farming farming NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 169 27 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 169 28 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 170 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 170 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 170 3 generic generic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 170 4 principles principle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 170 5 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 170 6 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 170 7 reductions reduction NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 170 8 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 170 9 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 170 10 main main JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 170 11 foodborne foodborne JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 170 12 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 170 13 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 170 14 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 170 15 farm farm NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 170 16 level level NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 170 17 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 170 18 known know VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 170 19 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 170 20 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 170 21 based base VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 170 22 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 170 23 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 170 24 implementation implementation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 170 25 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 170 26 effective effective JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 170 27 farm farm NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 170 28 management management NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 170 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 170 30 e.g. e.g. RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 170 31 QA QA NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 170 32 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 170 33 husbandry husbandry NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 170 34 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 170 35 herd herd NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 170 36 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 170 37 plans plan NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 170 38 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 170 39 biosecurity biosecurity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 170 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 170 41 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 170 42 hygiene hygiene NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 170 43 measures measure NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 170 44 based base VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 170 45 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 170 46 GFP GFP NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 170 47 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 170 48 GHP GHP NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 170 49 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 171 1 For for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 171 2 quantitative quantitative JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 171 3 food food NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 171 4 safety safety NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 171 5 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 171 6 categorization categorization NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 171 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 171 8 farming farm VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 171 9 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 171 10 individually individually RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 171 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 171 12 and/or and/or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 171 13 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 171 14 related relate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 171 15 ranking ranking NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 171 16 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 171 17 further further JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 171 18 scientific scientific JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 171 19 information information NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 171 20 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 171 21 needed need VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 171 22 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 172 1 Accordingly accordingly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 172 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 172 3 related related JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 172 4 research research NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 172 5 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 172 6 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 172 7 encouraged encourage VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 172 8 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 173 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 173 2 conclusions conclusion NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 173 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 173 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 173 5 Scientific Scientific NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 173 6 Veterinary Veterinary NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 173 7 Committee Committee NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 173 8 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 173 9 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 173 10 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 173 11 Welfare Welfare NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 173 12 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 173 13 Calves Calves NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 173 14 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 173 15 presented present VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 173 16 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 173 17 Table Table NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 173 18 1 1 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 173 19 below below RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 173 20 together together RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 173 21 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 173 22 additions addition NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 173 23 relevant relevant JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 173 24 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 173 25 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 173 26 light light NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 173 27 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 173 28 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 173 29 update update NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 173 30 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 173 31 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 173 32 SVC SVC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 173 33 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 173 34 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 174 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 174 2 best good JJS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 174 3 conditions condition NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 174 4 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 174 5 young young JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 174 6 rearing rearing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 174 7 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 174 8 involve involve VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 174 9 leaving leave VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 174 10 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 174 11 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 174 12 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 174 13 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 174 14 mother mother NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 174 15 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 174 16 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 174 17 circumstance circumstance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 174 18 where where WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 174 19 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 174 20 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 174 21 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 174 22 suckle suckle VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 174 23 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 174 24 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 174 25 subsequently subsequently RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 174 26 graze graze VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 174 27 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 174 28 interact interact VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 174 29 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 174 30 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 174 31 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 174 32 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 175 1 C C NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 175 2 Agreed agree VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 175 3 5 5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 175 4 Where where WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 175 5 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 175 6 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 175 7 will will MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 175 8 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 175 9 separated separate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 175 10 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 175 11 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 175 12 mother mother NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 175 13 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 175 14 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 175 15 early early JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 175 16 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 175 17 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 175 18 evidence evidence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 175 19 suggests suggest VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 175 20 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 175 21 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 175 22 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 175 23 normally normally RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 175 24 beneficial beneficial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 175 25 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 175 26 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 175 27 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 175 28 if if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 175 29 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 175 30 mother mother NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 175 31 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 175 32 allowed allow VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 175 33 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 175 34 lick lick VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 175 35 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 175 36 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 175 37 thoroughly thoroughly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 175 38 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 175 39 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 175 40 few few JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 175 41 hours hour NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 175 42 after after IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 175 43 birth birth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 175 44 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 176 1 C C NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 176 2 Agreed agree VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 176 3 R R NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 177 1 Whenever whenever WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 177 2 possible possible JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 177 3 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 177 4 cows cow NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 177 5 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 177 6 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 177 7 given give VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 177 8 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 177 9 opportunity opportunity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 177 10 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 177 11 lick lick VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 177 12 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 177 13 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 177 14 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 177 15 at at RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 177 16 least least RBS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 177 17 three three CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 177 18 hours hour NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 177 19 after after IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 177 20 parturition parturition NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 177 21 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 178 1 6 6 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 179 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 179 2 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 179 3 important important JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 179 4 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 179 5 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 179 6 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 179 7 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 179 8 receive receive VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 179 9 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 179 10 colostrum colostrum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 179 11 within within IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 179 12 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 179 13 first first JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 179 14 six six CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 179 15 hours hour NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 179 16 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 179 17 life life NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 179 18 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 179 19 as as RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 179 20 soon soon RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 179 21 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 179 22 possible possible JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 179 23 after after IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 179 24 birth birth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 179 25 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 179 26 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 179 27 conditions condition NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 179 28 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 179 29 facilitate facilitate VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 179 30 antibody antibody NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 179 31 absorption absorption NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 179 32 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 179 33 preferably preferably RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 179 34 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 179 35 suckling suckle VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 179 36 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 179 37 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 179 38 mother mother NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 179 39 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 179 40 so so IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 179 41 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 179 42 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 179 43 ensure ensure VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 179 44 adequate adequate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 179 45 immunoglobulin immunoglobulin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 179 46 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 179 47 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 179 48 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 179 49 blood blood NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 179 50 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 180 1 R r NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 180 2 Where where WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 180 3 necessary necessary JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 180 4 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 180 5 suckling suckle VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 180 6 assistance assistance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 180 7 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 180 8 additional additional JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 180 9 colostrum colostrum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 180 10 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 180 11 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 180 12 provided provide VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 180 13 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 180 14 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 180 15 left leave VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 180 16 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 180 17 suckle suckle VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 180 18 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 180 19 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 180 20 dam dam NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 180 21 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 181 1 R R NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 181 2 Agreed agree VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 181 3 Agreed agree VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 181 4 7 7 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 181 5 Calves Calves NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 181 6 need need VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 181 7 resources resource NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 181 8 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 181 9 stimuli stimulus NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 181 10 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 181 11 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 181 12 normally normally RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 181 13 provided provide VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 181 14 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 181 15 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 181 16 mothers mother NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 181 17 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 182 1 All all DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 182 2 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 182 3 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 182 4 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 182 5 given give VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 182 6 adequate adequate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 182 7 food food NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 182 8 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 182 9 water water NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 182 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 182 11 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 182 12 conditions condition NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 182 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 182 14 temperature temperature NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 182 15 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 182 16 humidity humidity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 182 17 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 182 18 adequate adequate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 182 19 opportunities opportunity NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 182 20 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 182 21 exercise exercise VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 182 22 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 182 23 good good JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 182 24 lying lying NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 182 25 conditions condition NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 182 26 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 182 27 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 182 28 stimuli stimulus NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 182 29 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 182 30 sucking suck VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 182 31 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 182 32 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 182 33 first first JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 182 34 few few JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 182 35 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 182 36 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 182 37 life life NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 182 38 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 182 39 social social JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 182 40 contacts contact NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 182 41 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 182 42 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 182 43 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 182 44 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 182 45 one one CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 182 46 week week NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 182 47 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 182 48 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 182 49 onwards onwards RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 182 50 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 183 1 Specific specific JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 183 2 aspects aspect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 183 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 183 4 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 183 5 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 183 6 management management NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 183 7 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 183 8 fulfill fulfill VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 183 9 these these DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 183 10 conditions condition NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 183 11 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 183 12 detailed detailed JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 183 13 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 184 1 Agreed agree VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 184 2 8 8 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 184 3 Young young JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 184 4 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 184 5 reared rear VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 184 6 without without IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 184 7 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 184 8 mothers mother NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 184 9 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 184 10 receive receive VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 184 11 considerate considerate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 184 12 human human JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 184 13 contact contact NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 184 14 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 184 15 preferably preferably RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 184 16 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 184 17 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 184 18 same same JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 184 19 stockperson stockperson NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 184 20 throughout throughout IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 184 21 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 184 22 growing grow VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 184 23 period period NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 184 24 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 185 1 R R NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 185 2 Agreed Agreed NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 185 3 Stockpersons Stockpersons NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 185 4 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 185 5 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 185 6 appropriately appropriately RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 185 7 trained train VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 185 8 so so IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 185 9 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 185 10 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 185 11 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 185 12 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 185 13 skill skill NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 185 14 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 185 15 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 185 16 rearing rearing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 185 17 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 185 18 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 185 19 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 186 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 186 2 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 186 3 have have VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 186 4 positive positive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 186 5 attitudes attitude NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 186 6 towards towards IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 186 7 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 186 8 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 186 9 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 186 10 working work VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 186 11 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 186 12 them -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 186 13 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 186 14 order order NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 186 15 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 186 16 handle handle VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 186 17 them -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 186 18 while while IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 186 19 minimising minimise VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 186 20 stress stress NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 186 21 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 186 22 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 186 23 maintain maintain VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 186 24 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 186 25 high high JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 186 26 quality quality NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 186 27 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 186 28 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 186 29 control control NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 186 30 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 187 1 Rough rough JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 187 2 contacts contact NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 187 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 187 4 e.g. e.g. IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 187 5 use use NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 187 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 187 7 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 187 8 painful painful JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 187 9 device device NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 187 10 such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 187 11 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 187 12 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 187 13 electric electric JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 187 14 prod prod NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 187 15 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 187 16 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 187 17 loud loud JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 187 18 noises noise NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 187 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 187 20 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 187 21 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 187 22 avoided avoid VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 187 23 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 187 24 gentle gentle JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 187 25 contacts contact NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 187 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 187 27 e.g. e.g. RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 187 28 talking talk VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 187 29 softly softly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 187 30 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 187 31 petting petting NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 187 32 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 187 33 offering offer VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 187 34 food food NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 187 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 187 36 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 187 37 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 187 38 encouraged encourage VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 187 39 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 188 1 These these DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 188 2 contacts contact NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 188 3 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 188 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 188 5 particular particular JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 188 6 importance importance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 188 7 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 188 8 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 188 9 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 188 10 groups group NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 188 11 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 188 12 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 188 13 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 188 14 dam dam NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 188 15 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 188 16 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 188 17 tend tend VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 188 18 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 188 19 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 188 20 approach approach VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 188 21 humans human NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 188 22 easily easily RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 188 23 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 189 1 Where where WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 189 2 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 189 3 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 189 4 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 189 5 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 189 6 kept keep VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 189 7 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 189 8 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 189 9 mother mother NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 189 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 189 11 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 189 12 system system NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 189 13 where where WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 189 14 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 189 15 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 189 16 best good JJS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 189 17 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 189 18 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 189 19 groups group NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 189 20 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 189 21 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 189 22 bedded bedded JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 189 23 area area NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 189 24 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 189 25 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 189 26 adequate adequate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 189 27 space space NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 189 28 allowance allowance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 189 29 available available JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 189 30 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 189 31 them -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 189 32 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 190 1 C C NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 190 2 Agreed agree VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 190 3 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 191 1 R R NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 191 2 See see VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 191 3 13 13 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 191 4 below below RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 191 5 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 192 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 192 2 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 192 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 192 4 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 192 5 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 192 6 very very RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 192 7 poor poor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 192 8 when when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 192 9 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 192 10 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 192 11 kept keep VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 192 12 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 192 13 small small JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 192 14 individual individual JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 192 15 pens pen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 192 16 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 192 17 insufficient insufficient JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 192 18 room room NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 192 19 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 192 20 comfortable comfortable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 192 21 lying lying NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 192 22 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 192 23 no no DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 192 24 direct direct JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 192 25 social social JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 192 26 contact contact NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 192 27 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 192 28 no no DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 192 29 bedding bedding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 192 30 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 192 31 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 192 32 material material NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 192 33 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 192 34 manipulate manipulate VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 192 35 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 193 1 C C NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 193 2 Agreed agree VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 193 3 R R NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 194 1 As as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 194 2 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 194 3 floor floor NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 194 4 affects affect VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 194 5 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 194 6 resting resting NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 194 7 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 194 8 lying lie VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 194 9 posture posture NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 194 10 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 194 11 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 194 12 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 194 13 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 194 14 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 194 15 useful useful JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 194 16 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 194 17 have have VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 194 18 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 194 19 comfortable comfortable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 194 20 floor floor NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 194 21 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 195 1 Wet wet JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 195 2 floors floor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 195 3 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 195 4 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 195 5 avoided avoid VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 195 6 due due IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 195 7 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 195 8 thermal thermal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 195 9 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 195 10 resting rest VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 195 11 problems problem NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 195 12 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 196 1 11 11 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 197 1 Tethering tether VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 197 2 always always RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 197 3 causes cause VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 197 4 problems problem NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 197 5 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 197 6 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 197 7 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 198 1 Calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 198 2 housed house VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 198 3 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 198 4 groups group NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 198 5 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 198 6 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 198 7 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 198 8 tethered tether VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 198 9 except except IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 198 10 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 198 11 periods period NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 198 12 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 198 13 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 198 14 more more JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 198 15 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 198 16 one one CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 198 17 hour hour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 198 18 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 198 19 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 198 20 time time NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 198 21 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 198 22 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 198 23 feeding feeding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 198 24 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 198 25 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 198 26 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 198 27 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 198 28 substitute substitute NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 198 29 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 199 1 Individually individually RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 199 2 housed house VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 199 3 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 199 4 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 199 5 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 199 6 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 199 7 tethered tether VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 199 8 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 200 1 R r LS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 200 2 Calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 200 3 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 200 4 vulnerable vulnerable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 200 5 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 200 6 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 200 7 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 200 8 gastro gastro JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 200 9 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 200 10 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 200 11 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 200 12 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 200 13 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 200 14 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 200 15 poor poor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 200 16 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 200 17 diseased diseased JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 200 18 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 200 19 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 201 1 Better well JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 201 2 husbandry husbandry NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 201 3 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 201 4 needed need VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 201 5 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 201 6 minimize minimize VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 201 7 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 201 8 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 201 9 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 201 10 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 201 11 conditions condition NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 201 12 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 201 13 results result NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 201 14 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 201 15 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 201 16 as as RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 201 17 good good JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 201 18 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 201 19 those those DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 201 20 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 201 21 individual individual JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 201 22 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 201 23 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 201 24 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 201 25 obtained obtain VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 201 26 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 202 1 C C NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 202 2 _SP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 203 1 Every every DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 203 2 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 203 3 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 203 4 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 203 5 able able JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 203 6 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 203 7 groom groom VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 203 8 itself -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 203 9 properly properly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 203 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 203 11 turn turn VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 203 12 around around RP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 203 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 203 14 stand stand VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 203 15 up up RP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 203 16 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 203 17 lie lie VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 203 18 down down RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 203 19 normally normally RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 203 20 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 203 21 lie lie VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 203 22 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 203 23 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 203 24 legs leg NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 203 25 stretched stretch VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 203 26 out out RP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 203 27 if if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 203 28 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 203 29 wishes wish VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 203 30 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 203 31 do do VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 203 32 so so RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 203 33 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 204 1 R r NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 205 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 205 2 order order NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 205 3 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 205 4 provide provide VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 205 5 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 205 6 environment environment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 205 7 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 205 8 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 205 9 adequate adequate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 205 10 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 205 11 exercise exercise NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 205 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 205 13 exploration exploration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 205 14 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 205 15 free free JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 205 16 social social JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 205 17 interaction interaction NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 205 18 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 205 19 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 205 20 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 205 21 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 205 22 kept keep VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 205 23 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 205 24 groups group NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 205 25 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 206 1 Calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 206 2 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 206 3 never never RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 206 4 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 206 5 kept keep VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 206 6 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 206 7 too too RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 206 8 high high JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 206 9 stocking stocking NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 206 10 density density NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 206 11 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 207 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 207 2 following following JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 207 3 requirements requirement NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 207 4 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 207 5 based base VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 207 6 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 207 7 evidence evidence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 207 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 207 9 increasingly increasingly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 207 10 poor poor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 207 11 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 207 12 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 207 13 space space NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 207 14 allowance allowance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 207 15 decreases decrease VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 207 16 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 208 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 208 2 space space NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 208 3 allowance allowance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 208 4 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 208 5 provide provide VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 208 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 208 7 especially especially RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 208 8 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 208 9 allowing allow VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 208 10 resting rest VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 208 11 postures posture NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 208 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 208 13 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 208 14 area area NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 208 15 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 208 16 each each DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 208 17 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 208 18 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 208 19 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 208 20 least least JJS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 208 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 208 22 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 208 23 height height NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 208 24 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 208 25 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 208 26 withers withers NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 208 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 209 1 x x LS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 209 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 209 3 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 209 4 body body NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 209 5 length length NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 209 6 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 209 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 209 8 tip tip NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 209 9 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 209 10 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 209 11 nose nose NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 209 12 when when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 209 13 standing stand VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 209 14 normally normally RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 209 15 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 209 16 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 209 17 caudal caudal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 209 18 edge edge NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 209 19 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 209 20 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 209 21 tuber tuber NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 209 22 ischii ischii NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 209 23 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 209 24 pin pin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 209 25 bone bone NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 209 26 x x SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 209 27 1.1 1.1 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 209 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 209 29 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 210 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 210 2 length length NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 210 3 measurements measurement NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 210 4 takes take VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 210 5 account account NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 210 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 210 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 210 8 forward forward JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 210 9 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 210 10 backward backward JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 210 11 movements movement NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 210 12 involved involve VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 210 13 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 210 14 standing stand VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 210 15 up up RP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 210 16 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 210 17 lying lie VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 210 18 down down RP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 210 19 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 211 1 This this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 211 2 calculation calculation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 211 3 takes take VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 211 4 account account NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 211 5 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 211 6 differences difference NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 211 7 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 211 8 size size NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 211 9 amog amog JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 211 10 breeds breed NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 211 11 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 211 12 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 211 13 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 211 14 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 212 1 As as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 212 2 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 212 3 guideline guideline NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 212 4 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 212 5 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 212 6 holstein holstein NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 212 7 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 212 8 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 212 9 area area NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 212 10 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 212 11 1.4 1.4 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 212 12 m m CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 212 13 2 2 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 212 14 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 212 15 8 8 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 212 16 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 212 17 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 212 18 1.8 1.8 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 212 19 m m CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 212 20 2 2 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 212 21 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 212 22 16 16 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 212 23 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 212 24 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 212 25 2.1 2.1 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 212 26 m2 m2 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 212 27 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 212 28 22 22 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 212 29 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 212 30 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 213 1 R r NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 213 2 R r NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 213 3 Since since IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 213 4 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 213 5 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 213 6 social social JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 213 7 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 213 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 213 9 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 213 10 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 213 11 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 213 12 kept keep VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 213 13 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 213 14 social social JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 213 15 groups group NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 213 16 wherever wherever WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 213 17 possible possible JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 213 18 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 214 1 These these DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 214 2 groups group NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 214 3 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 214 4 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 214 5 stable stable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 214 6 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 214 7 no no DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 214 8 mixing mixing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 214 9 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 214 10 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 214 11 more more JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 214 12 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 214 13 one one CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 214 14 mixing mixing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 214 15 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 215 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 215 2 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 215 3 advisable advisable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 215 4 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 215 5 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 215 6 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 215 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 215 8 first first JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 215 9 two two CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 215 10 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 215 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 215 12 life life NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 215 13 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 215 14 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 215 15 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 215 16 mixed mix VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 215 17 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 215 18 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 215 19 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 215 20 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 216 1 C C NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 217 1 When when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 217 2 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 217 3 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 217 4 mixed mix VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 217 5 together together RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 217 6 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 217 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 217 8 first first JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 217 9 few few JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 217 10 days day NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 217 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 217 12 life life NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 217 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 217 14 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 217 15 then then RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 217 16 kept keep VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 217 17 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 217 18 some some DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 217 19 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 217 20 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 217 21 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 217 22 social social JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 217 23 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 217 24 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 217 25 there there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 217 26 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 217 27 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 217 28 poor poor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 217 29 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 217 30 because because IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 217 31 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 217 32 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 217 33 following follow VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 217 34 risks risk NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 217 35 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 218 1 -Especially -especially RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 218 2 when when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 218 3 individuals individual NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 218 4 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 218 5 provided provide VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 218 6 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 218 7 inadequate inadequate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 218 8 access access NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 218 9 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 218 10 teats teat NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 218 11 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 218 12 roughage roughage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 218 13 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 218 14 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 218 15 diet diet NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 218 16 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 218 17 cross cross NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 218 18 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 218 19 sucking sucking JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 218 20 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 218 21 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 218 22 abnormal abnormal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 218 23 sucking suck VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 218 24 behaviour behaviour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 218 25 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 218 26 occur occur VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 218 27 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 219 1 -Some -some DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 220 1 individuals individual NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 220 2 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 220 3 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 220 4 unaccustomed unaccustomed JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 220 5 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 220 6 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 220 7 food food NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 220 8 access access NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 220 9 method method NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 220 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 220 11 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 220 12 example example NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 220 13 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 220 14 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 220 15 have have VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 220 16 only only RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 220 17 received receive VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 220 18 food food NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 220 19 via via IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 220 20 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 220 21 teat teat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 220 22 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 220 23 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 220 24 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 220 25 find find VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 220 26 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 220 27 difficult difficult JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 220 28 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 220 29 drink drink VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 220 30 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 220 31 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 220 32 bucket bucket NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 220 33 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 221 1 -Calves -Calves NFP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 221 2 coming come VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 221 3 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 221 4 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 221 5 buildings building NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 221 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 221 7 perhaps perhaps RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 221 8 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 221 9 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 221 10 farms farm NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 221 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 221 12 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 221 13 carry carry VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 221 14 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 221 15 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 221 16 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 221 17 hence hence RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 221 18 there there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 221 19 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 221 20 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 221 21 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 221 22 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 221 23 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 221 24 spread spread VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 221 25 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 221 26 all all PDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 221 27 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 221 28 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 221 29 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 221 30 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 221 31 put put VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 221 32 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 221 33 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 221 34 same same JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 221 35 airspace airspace NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 221 36 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 221 37 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 221 38 otherwise otherwise RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 221 39 exposed expose VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 221 40 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 221 41 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 221 42 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 221 43 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 222 1 R r NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 223 1 If if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 223 2 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 223 3 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 223 4 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 223 5 buildings building NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 223 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 223 7 perhaps perhaps RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 223 8 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 223 9 farms farm NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 223 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 223 11 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 223 12 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 223 13 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 223 14 mixed mix VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 223 15 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 223 16 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 223 17 pen pen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 223 18 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 223 19 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 223 20 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 223 21 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 223 22 put put VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 223 23 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 223 24 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 223 25 pens pen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 223 26 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 223 27 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 223 28 same same JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 223 29 airspace airspace NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 223 30 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 223 31 quarantine quarantine NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 223 32 situation situation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 223 33 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 223 34 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 223 35 used use VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 223 36 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 223 37 order order NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 223 38 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 223 39 reduce reduce VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 223 40 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 223 41 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 223 42 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 223 43 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 223 44 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 223 45 hence hence RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 223 46 prevent prevent VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 223 47 poor poor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 223 48 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 223 49 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 224 1 For for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 224 2 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 224 3 given give VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 224 4 space space NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 224 5 allowance allowance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 224 6 per per IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 224 7 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 224 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 224 9 increasing increase VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 224 10 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 224 11 size size NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 224 12 results result NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 224 13 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 224 14 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 224 15 larger large JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 224 16 total total JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 224 17 area area NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 224 18 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 224 19 hence hence RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 224 20 better well JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 224 21 possibilities possibility NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 224 22 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 224 23 exercise exercise NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 224 24 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 224 25 social social JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 224 26 interaction interaction NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 224 27 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 224 28 improved improve VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 224 29 environmental environmental JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 224 30 complexity complexity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 224 31 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 225 1 C C NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 225 2 Larger large JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 225 3 groups group NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 225 4 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 225 5 preferred prefer VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 225 6 because because IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 225 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 225 8 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 225 9 better well JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 225 10 possibilities possibility NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 225 11 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 225 12 providing provide VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 225 13 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 225 14 adequate adequate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 225 15 environment environment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 225 16 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 225 17 there there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 225 18 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 225 19 limits limit NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 225 20 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 225 21 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 225 22 numbers number NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 225 23 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 225 24 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 225 25 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 225 26 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 225 27 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 225 28 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 225 29 one one CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 225 30 building building NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 225 31 section section NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 225 32 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 225 33 risks risk NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 225 34 associated associate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 225 35 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 225 36 mixing mixing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 225 37 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 225 38 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 225 39 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 225 40 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 225 41 sources source NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 225 42 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 225 43 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 225 44 considered consider VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 225 45 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 226 1 R R NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 226 2 Agreed agree VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 226 3 R r NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 227 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 227 2 space space NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 227 3 provided provide VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 227 4 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 227 5 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 227 6 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 227 7 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 227 8 enough enough JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 227 9 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 227 10 allow allow VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 227 11 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 227 12 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 227 13 fulfill fulfill VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 227 14 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 227 15 needs need NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 227 16 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 227 17 social social JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 227 18 behaviour behaviour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 227 19 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 227 20 lying lying NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 227 21 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 227 22 grooming grooming NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 227 23 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 228 1 Space space NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 228 2 allowance allowance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 228 3 per per IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 228 4 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 228 5 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 228 6 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 228 7 greater great JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 228 8 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 228 9 groups group NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 228 10 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 228 11 2 2 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 228 12 -5 -5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 228 13 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 228 14 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 228 15 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 228 16 feeding feed VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 228 17 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 228 18 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 228 19 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 228 20 pen pen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 228 21 shapes shape NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 228 22 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 228 23 flooring flooring NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 228 24 materials material NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 228 25 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 228 26 necessitate necessitate VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 228 27 extra extra JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 228 28 space space NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 228 29 availability availability NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 228 30 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 1 If if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 2 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 3 preferred preferred JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 4 system system NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 6 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 7 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 9 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 10 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 11 possible possible JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 12 then then RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 13 individual individual JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 14 pens pen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 15 whose whose WP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 16 width width NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 17 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 18 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 19 least least JJS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 20 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 21 height height NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 22 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 23 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 24 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 25 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 26 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 27 withers wither NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 28 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 29 whose whose WP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 30 length length NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 31 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 32 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 33 least least JJS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 34 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 35 length length NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 36 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 37 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 38 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 39 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 40 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 41 tip tip NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 42 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 43 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 44 nose nose NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 45 when when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 46 standing stand VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 47 normally normally RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 48 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 49 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 50 caudal caudal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 51 edge edge NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 52 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 53 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 54 tuber tuber NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 55 ischii ischii NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 56 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 57 pin pin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 58 bone bone NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 59 x x SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 60 1.1 1.1 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 61 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 62 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 63 used use VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 229 64 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 230 1 This this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 230 2 space space NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 230 3 requirement requirement NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 230 4 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 230 5 calculated calculate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 230 6 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 230 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 230 8 basis basis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 230 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 230 10 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 230 11 space space NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 230 12 required require VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 230 13 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 230 14 normal normal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 230 15 Agreed Agreed NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 230 16 R r NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 231 1 As as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 231 2 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 231 3 pen pen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 231 4 shape shape NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 231 5 affects affect VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 231 6 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 231 7 use use NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 231 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 231 9 space space NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 231 10 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 231 11 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 231 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 231 13 pens pen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 231 14 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 231 15 maximize maximize VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 231 16 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 231 17 perimeter perimeter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 231 18 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 231 19 pen pen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 231 20 space space NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 231 21 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 231 22 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 231 23 divided divide VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 231 24 into into IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 231 25 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 231 26 usable usable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 231 27 areas area NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 231 28 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 232 1 movements movement NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 232 2 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 232 3 evidence evidence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 232 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 232 5 increasingly increasingly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 232 6 poor poor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 232 7 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 232 8 R r NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 232 9 18 18 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 232 10 Appropriate appropriate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 232 11 bedding bedding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 232 12 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 232 13 example example NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 232 14 straw straw NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 232 15 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 232 16 recommended recommend VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 232 17 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 233 1 Bedding bedding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 233 2 must must MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 233 3 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 233 4 changed change VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 233 5 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 233 6 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 233 7 intervals interval NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 233 8 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 233 9 every every DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 233 10 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 233 11 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 233 12 have have VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 233 13 access access NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 233 14 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 233 15 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 233 16 dry dry JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 233 17 lying lying NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 233 18 area area NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 233 19 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 234 1 Slatted slatted JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 234 2 floors floor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 234 3 must must MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 234 4 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 234 5 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 234 6 slippery slippery JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 234 7 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 234 8 must must MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 234 9 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 234 10 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 234 11 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 234 12 cause cause NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 234 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 234 14 tail tail NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 234 15 tip tip NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 234 16 necrosis necrosis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 234 17 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 235 1 R R NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 235 2 Agreed agree VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 236 1 See see VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 237 1 10 10 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 237 2 above above IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 237 3 19 19 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 237 4 Buildings building NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 237 5 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 237 6 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 237 7 adequately adequately RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 237 8 ventilated ventilate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 237 9 taking taking NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 237 10 into into IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 237 11 account account NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 237 12 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 237 13 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 237 14 number number NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 237 15 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 237 16 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 237 17 present present JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 237 18 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 237 19 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 237 20 external external JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 237 21 conditions condition NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 237 22 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 238 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 238 2 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 238 3 space space NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 238 4 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 238 5 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 238 6 building building NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 238 7 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 238 8 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 238 9 6 6 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 238 10 m m CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 238 11 3 3 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 238 12 per per IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 238 13 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 238 14 up up IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 238 15 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 238 16 6 6 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 238 17 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 238 18 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 238 19 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 238 20 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 238 21 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 238 22 amount amount NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 238 23 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 238 24 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 238 25 space space NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 238 26 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 238 27 increases increase VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 238 28 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 238 29 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 238 30 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 238 31 needed need VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 238 32 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 238 33 older old JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 238 34 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 238 35 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 239 1 R R NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 239 2 Agreed agree VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 239 3 C c NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 239 4 -Calf -calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 239 5 rearing rearing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 239 6 causes cause VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 239 7 significant significant JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 239 8 emissions emission NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 239 9 such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 239 10 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 239 11 nitrate nitrate NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 239 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 239 13 phosphate phosphate NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 239 14 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 239 15 heavy heavy JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 239 16 metals metal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 239 17 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 239 18 possibly possibly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 239 19 antibiotics antibiotic NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 239 20 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 239 21 manure manure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 239 22 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 239 23 liquid liquid JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 239 24 effluents effluent NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 239 25 as as RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 239 26 well well RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 239 27 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 239 28 odour odour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 239 29 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 239 30 gases gas NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 239 31 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 239 32 dusts dust NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 239 33 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 239 34 micro micro NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 239 35 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 239 36 organisms organism NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 239 37 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 239 38 endotoxins endotoxin NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 239 39 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 239 40 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 239 41 exhaust exhaust NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 239 42 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 239 43 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 239 44 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 239 45 houses house NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 239 46 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 239 47 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 239 48 manure manure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 239 49 storage storage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 239 50 facilities facility NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 239 51 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 239 52 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 239 53 application application NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 239 54 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 239 55 manure manure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 239 56 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 239 57 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 239 58 grazing grazing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 239 59 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 240 1 -These -these JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 240 2 effluents effluent NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 240 3 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 240 4 have have VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 240 5 distinct distinct JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 240 6 impacts impact NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 240 7 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 240 8 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 240 9 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 240 10 water water NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 240 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 240 12 soil soil NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 240 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 240 14 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 240 15 thus thus RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 240 16 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 240 17 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 240 18 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 240 19 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 241 1 -Calf -Calf . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 242 1 houses house NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 242 2 possess possess VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 242 3 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 242 4 high high JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 242 5 potential potential NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 242 6 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 242 7 emissions emission NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 242 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 242 9 ammonia ammonia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 242 10 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 242 11 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 242 12 gases gas NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 242 13 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 243 1 Dust dust NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 243 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 243 3 endotoxins endotoxin NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 243 4 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 243 5 micro micro NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 243 6 - - NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 243 7 organisms organism NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 243 8 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 243 9 emitted emit VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 243 10 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 243 11 lower low JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 243 12 amounts amount NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 243 13 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 243 14 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 243 15 pig pig NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 243 16 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 243 17 poultry poultry NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 243 18 production production NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 243 19 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 244 1 -Respiratory -respiratory WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 244 2 disorders disorder NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 244 3 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 244 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 244 5 second second RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 244 6 largest large JJS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 244 7 reason reason NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 244 8 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 244 9 morbidity morbidity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 244 10 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 244 11 mortality mortality NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 244 12 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 244 13 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 244 14 rearing rearing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 244 15 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 245 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 245 2 most most RBS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 245 3 important important JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 245 4 reason reason NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 245 5 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 245 6 environmental environmental JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 245 7 conditions condition NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 245 8 such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 245 9 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 245 10 hygiene hygiene NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 245 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 245 12 management management NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 245 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 245 14 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 245 15 physical physical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 245 16 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 245 17 chemical chemical NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 245 18 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 245 19 biological biological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 245 20 factors factor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 245 21 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 245 22 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 245 23 aerial aerial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 245 24 environment environment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 245 25 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 246 1 -Ventilation -ventilation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 246 2 plays play VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 246 3 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 246 4 decicive decicive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 246 5 role role NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 246 6 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 246 7 reducing reduce VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 246 8 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 246 9 incidence incidence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 246 10 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 246 11 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 246 12 diseases disease NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 246 13 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 247 1 Temperatures temperature NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 247 2 below below IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 247 3 5 5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 247 4 C c NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 247 5 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 247 6 compromise compromise VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 247 7 lung lung NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 247 8 function function NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 247 9 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 248 1 -Ammonia -Ammonia NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 248 2 concentrations concentration NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 248 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 248 4 more more JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 248 5 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 248 6 6 6 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 248 7 ppm ppm NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 248 8 seem seem VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 248 9 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 248 10 increase increase VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 248 11 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 248 12 affections affection NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 248 13 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 249 1 Relative relative JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 249 2 humidity humidity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 249 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 249 4 more more JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 249 5 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 249 6 80 80 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 249 7 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 249 8 bear bear VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 249 9 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 249 10 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 249 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 249 12 increased increase VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 249 13 heat heat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 249 14 dissipation dissipation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 249 15 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 249 16 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 249 17 help help VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 249 18 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 249 19 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 249 20 survive survive VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 249 21 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 249 22 airborne airborne JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 249 23 state state NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 249 24 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 250 1 -Air -air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 250 2 velocities velocity NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 250 3 close close JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 250 4 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 250 5 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 250 6 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 250 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 250 8 more more JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 250 9 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 250 10 0.5 0.5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 250 11 m m NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 250 12 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 250 13 s s NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 250 14 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 250 15 increase increase VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 250 16 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 250 17 sounds sound NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 250 18 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 250 19 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 250 20 significantly significantly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 250 21 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 251 1 -Sufficient -Sufficient : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 251 2 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 251 3 space space NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 251 4 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 251 5 confined confine VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 251 6 buildings building NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 251 7 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 251 8 help help VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 251 9 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 251 10 reduce reduce VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 251 11 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 251 12 concentration concentration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 251 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 251 14 airborne airborne JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 251 15 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 251 16 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 252 1 -Calf -Calf . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 253 1 houses house NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 253 2 contain contain VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 253 3 relatively relatively RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 253 4 high high JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 253 5 amounts amount NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 253 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 253 7 endotoxins endotoxin NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 253 8 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 254 1 -There -There NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 254 2 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 254 3 concern concern NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 254 4 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 254 5 antibiotic antibiotic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 254 6 residues residue NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 254 7 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 254 8 contribute contribute VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 254 9 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 254 10 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 254 11 development development NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 254 12 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 254 13 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 254 14 resistance resistance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 254 15 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 255 1 -Environmental -Environmental : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 255 2 problems problem NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 255 3 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 255 4 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 255 5 houses house NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 255 6 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 255 7 enhanced enhance VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 255 8 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 255 9 high high JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 255 10 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 255 11 densities density NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 255 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 255 13 insufficient insufficient JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 255 14 distances distance NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 255 15 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 255 16 farms farm NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 255 17 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 256 1 -When -When . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 257 1 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 257 2 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 257 3 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 257 4 compared compare VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 257 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 257 6 although although IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 257 7 dust dust NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 257 8 emission emission NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 257 9 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 257 10 will will MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 257 11 seldom seldom RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 257 12 pose pose VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 257 13 problems problem NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 257 14 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 257 15 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 257 16 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 257 17 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 257 18 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 257 19 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 257 20 ammonia ammonia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 257 21 emission emission NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 257 22 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 257 23 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 257 24 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 257 25 higher high JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 257 26 enough enough RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 257 27 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 257 28 exacerbate exacerbate VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 257 29 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 257 30 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 257 31 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 257 32 especially especially RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 257 33 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 257 34 slatted slatted JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 257 35 floor floor NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 257 36 units unit NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 257 37 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 258 1 R r LS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 258 2 -The -the NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 258 3 development development NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 258 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 258 5 low low JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 258 6 emission emission NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 258 7 production production NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 258 8 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 258 9 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 258 10 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 258 11 encouraged encourage VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 258 12 including include VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 258 13 mitigation mitigation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 258 14 techniques technique NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 258 15 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 258 16 e.g. e.g. RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 258 17 biofilters biofilter NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 258 18 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 258 19 bioscrubbers bioscrubber NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 258 20 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 258 21 covered cover VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 258 22 manure manure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 258 23 pits pit NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 258 24 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 258 25 shallow shallow JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 258 26 manure manure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 258 27 application application NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 258 28 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 259 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 259 2 particular particular JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 259 3 there there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 259 4 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 259 5 need need NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 259 6 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 259 7 reduce reduce VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 259 8 ammonia ammonia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 259 9 emissions emission NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 259 10 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 259 11 slatted slatted JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 259 12 floor floor NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 259 13 units unit NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 259 14 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 259 15 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 259 16 reduce reduce VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 259 17 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 259 18 usage usage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 259 19 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 259 20 such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 259 21 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 259 22 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 260 1 -Adequate -adequate VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 260 2 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 260 3 efficient efficient JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 260 4 feeding feeding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 260 5 regimes regime NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 260 6 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 260 7 required require VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 260 8 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 260 9 minimal minimal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 260 10 wastage wastage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 260 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 260 12 nitrogen nitrogen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 260 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 260 14 phosphorous phosphorous NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 260 15 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 260 16 limited limited JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 260 17 use use NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 260 18 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 260 19 growth growth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 260 20 promoters promoter NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 260 21 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 260 22 drugs drug NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 260 23 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 261 1 -There -there NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 261 2 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 261 3 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 261 4 urgent urgent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 261 5 need need NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 261 6 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 261 7 cooperative cooperative JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 261 8 research research NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 261 9 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 261 10 design design VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 261 11 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 261 12 ventilation ventilation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 261 13 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 261 14 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 261 15 improve improve VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 261 16 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 261 17 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 261 18 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 261 19 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 261 20 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 261 21 kept keep VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 261 22 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 261 23 confind confind NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 261 24 rearing rearing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 261 25 conditions condition NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 261 26 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 262 1 -Temperatures -temperature NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 262 2 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 262 3 young young JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 262 4 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 262 5 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 262 6 range range VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 262 7 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 262 8 5 5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 262 9 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 262 10 26 26 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 262 11 C. c. NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 263 1 -Ammonia -Ammonia NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 263 2 concentrations concentration NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 263 3 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 263 4 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 263 5 kept keep VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 263 6 as as RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 263 7 low low JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 263 8 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 263 9 possible possible JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 263 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 263 11 preferably preferably RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 263 12 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 263 13 more more JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 263 14 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 263 15 6 6 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 263 16 ppm ppm NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 263 17 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 264 1 -Housing -house VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 264 2 design design NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 264 3 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 264 4 management management NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 264 5 procedures procedure NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 264 6 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 264 7 aim aim VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 264 8 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 264 9 reduce reduce VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 264 10 dust dust NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 264 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 264 12 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 264 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 264 14 endotoxin endotoxin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 264 15 concentrations concentration NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 264 16 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 264 17 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 264 18 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 264 19 house house NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 264 20 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 264 21 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 265 1 -Minimum -Minimum . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 266 1 ventilation ventilation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 266 2 rates rate NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 266 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 266 4 10 10 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 266 5 c c NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 266 6 3 3 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 266 7 per per IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 266 8 100 100 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 266 9 kg kg NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 266 10 live live JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 266 11 weight weight NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 266 12 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 266 13 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 266 14 applied apply VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 266 15 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 267 1 Calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 267 2 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 267 3 lack lack VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 267 4 specific specific JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 267 5 nutrients nutrient NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 267 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 267 7 including include VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 267 8 iron iron NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 267 9 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 267 10 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 267 11 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 267 12 given give VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 267 13 poorly poorly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 267 14 balanced balanced JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 267 15 diet diet NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 267 16 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 267 17 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 267 18 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 267 19 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 267 20 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 267 21 provided provide VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 267 22 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 267 23 adequate adequate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 267 24 roughage roughage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 267 25 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 267 26 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 267 27 diet diet NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 267 28 after after IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 267 29 four four CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 267 30 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 267 31 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 267 32 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 267 33 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 267 34 have have VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 267 35 serious serious JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 267 36 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 267 37 problems problem NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 267 38 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 267 39 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 267 40 show show VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 267 41 serious serious JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 267 42 abnormalities abnormality NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 267 43 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 267 44 behaviour behaviour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 267 45 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 267 46 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 267 47 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 267 48 have have VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 267 49 substantial substantial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 267 50 abnormalities abnormality NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 267 51 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 267 52 gut gut NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 267 53 development development NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 267 54 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 268 1 C C NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 269 1 Every every DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 269 2 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 269 3 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 269 4 receive receive VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 269 5 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 269 6 properly properly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 269 7 balanced balanced JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 269 8 diet diet NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 269 9 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 269 10 adequate adequate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 269 11 nutrients nutrient NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 269 12 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 270 1 R R NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 270 2 Agreed agree VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 270 3 R r NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 271 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 271 2 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 271 3 recommended recommend VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 271 4 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 271 5 solids solid NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 271 6 feeds feed VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 271 7 provided provide VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 271 8 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 271 9 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 271 10 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 271 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 271 12 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 271 13 addition addition NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 271 14 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 271 15 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 271 16 replacer replacer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 271 17 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 271 18 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 271 19 adequately adequately RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 271 20 balanced balance VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 271 21 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 271 22 terms term NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 271 23 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 271 24 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 271 25 amount amount NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 271 26 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 271 27 fibrous fibrous JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 271 28 material material NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 271 29 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 271 30 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 271 31 will will MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 271 32 promote promote VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 271 33 rumination rumination NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 271 34 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 271 35 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 271 36 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 271 37 components component NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 271 38 such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 271 39 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 271 40 proteins protein NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 271 41 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 271 42 carbohydrates carbohydrate NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 271 43 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 271 44 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 271 45 stimulate stimulate VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 271 46 rumen rumen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 271 47 development development NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 271 48 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 271 49 support support VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 271 50 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 271 51 healthy healthy JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 271 52 function function NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 271 53 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 271 54 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 271 55 digestive digestive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 271 56 system system NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 271 57 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 272 1 C C NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 273 1 If if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 273 2 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 273 3 concentration concentration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 273 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 273 5 haemoglobin haemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 273 6 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 273 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 273 8 blood blood NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 273 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 273 10 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 273 11 drops drop VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 273 12 below below IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 273 13 4.5 4.5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 273 14 mmol mmol JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 273 15 l l NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 273 16 -1 -1 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 273 17 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 273 18 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 273 19 ability ability NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 273 20 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 273 21 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 273 22 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 273 23 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 273 24 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 273 25 normally normally RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 273 26 active active JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 273 27 as as RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 273 28 well well RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 273 29 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 273 30 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 273 31 lymphocyte lymphocyte NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 273 32 count count NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 273 33 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 273 34 immune immune JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 273 35 system system NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 273 36 function function NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 273 37 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 273 38 substantially substantially RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 273 39 impaired impaired JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 273 40 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 273 41 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 273 42 there there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 273 43 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 273 44 reduced reduce VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 273 45 growth growth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 273 46 rate rate NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 273 47 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 274 1 Below below IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 274 2 5.0 5.0 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 274 3 mmol mmol JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 274 4 l l NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 274 5 -1 -1 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 274 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 274 7 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 274 8 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 274 9 exhibit exhibit VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 274 10 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 274 11 number number NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 274 12 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 274 13 adaptations adaptation NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 274 14 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 274 15 iron iron NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 274 16 deficiency deficiency NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 274 17 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 274 18 including include VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 274 19 elevated elevated JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 274 20 heart heart NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 274 21 rate rate NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 274 22 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 274 23 elevated elevated JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 274 24 urinary urinary JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 274 25 noradrenaline noradrenaline NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 274 26 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 274 27 alterered alterered JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 274 28 reactivity reactivity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 274 29 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 274 30 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 274 31 HPA HPA NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 274 32 axis axis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 274 33 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 275 1 Hence hence RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 275 2 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 275 3 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 275 4 normal normal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 275 5 practice practice NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 275 6 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 275 7 identify identify VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 275 8 young young JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 275 9 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 275 10 production production NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 275 11 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 275 12 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 275 13 less less JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 275 14 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 275 15 6.0 6.0 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 275 16 mmol mmol JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 275 17 l l NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 275 18 -1 -1 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 275 19 haemoglobin haemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 275 20 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 275 21 plasma plasma NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 275 22 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 275 23 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 275 24 provide provide VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 275 25 supplementary supplementary JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 275 26 iron iron NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 275 27 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 275 28 addition addition NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 275 29 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 275 30 that that DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 275 31 normally normally RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 275 32 included include VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 275 33 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 275 34 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 275 35 diet diet NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 275 36 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 276 1 For for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 276 2 older old JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 276 3 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 276 4 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 276 5 including include VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 276 6 those those DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 276 7 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 276 8 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 276 9 last last JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 276 10 four four CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 276 11 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 276 12 before before IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 276 13 slaughter slaughter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 276 14 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 276 15 efficient efficient JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 276 16 production production NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 276 17 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 276 18 possible possible JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 276 19 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 276 20 individual individual JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 276 21 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 276 22 whose whose WP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 276 23 haemoglobin haemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 276 24 concentration concentration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 276 25 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 276 26 above above IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 276 27 4.5mmol 4.5mmol CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 276 28 l l NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 276 29 -1 -1 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 276 30 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 277 1 If if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 277 2 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 277 3 concentration concentration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 277 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 277 5 haemoglobin haemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 277 6 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 277 7 blood blood NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 277 8 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 277 9 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 277 10 checked check VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 277 11 at at RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 277 12 all all RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 277 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 277 14 there there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 277 15 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 277 16 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 277 17 high high JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 277 18 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 277 19 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 277 20 anaemia anaemia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 277 21 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 277 22 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 277 23 associated associate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 277 24 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 277 25 poor poor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 277 26 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 277 27 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 277 28 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 277 29 all all DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 277 30 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 277 31 fed feed VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 277 32 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 277 33 diet diet NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 277 34 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 277 35 very very RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 277 36 low low JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 277 37 iron iron NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 277 38 content content NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 277 39 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 278 1 Anaemia anaemia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 278 2 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 278 3 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 278 4 identified identify VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 278 5 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 278 6 quantified quantify VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 278 7 adequately adequately RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 278 8 if if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 278 9 checks check NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 278 10 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 278 11 carried carry VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 278 12 out out RP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 278 13 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 278 14 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 278 15 production production NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 278 16 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 278 17 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 278 18 2 2 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 278 19 - - SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 278 20 4 4 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 278 21 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 278 22 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 278 23 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 278 24 example example NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 278 25 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 278 26 when when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 278 27 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 278 28 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 278 29 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 278 30 brought bring VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 278 31 into into IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 278 32 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 278 33 unit unit NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 278 34 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 278 35 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 278 36 12 12 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 278 37 - - SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 278 38 14 14 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 278 39 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 278 40 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 278 41 fattening fatten VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 278 42 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 278 43 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 278 44 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 278 45 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 278 46 last last JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 278 47 four four CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 278 48 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 278 49 before before IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 278 50 slaughter slaughter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 278 51 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 279 1 If if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 279 2 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 279 3 concentration concentration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 279 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 279 5 haemoglobin haemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 279 6 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 279 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 279 8 blood blood NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 279 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 279 10 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 279 11 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 279 12 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 279 13 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 279 14 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 279 15 last last JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 279 16 four four CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 279 17 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 279 18 before before IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 279 19 slaughter slaughter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 279 20 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 279 21 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 279 22 mean mean NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 279 23 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 279 24 4.5 4.5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 279 25 mmol mmol JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 279 26 l l NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 279 27 -1 -1 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 279 28 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 279 29 some some DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 279 30 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 279 31 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 279 32 have have VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 279 33 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 279 34 concentration concentration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 279 35 substantially substantially RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 279 36 lower low JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 279 37 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 279 38 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 279 39 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 279 40 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 279 41 mean mean JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 279 42 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 279 43 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 279 44 hence hence RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 279 45 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 279 46 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 279 47 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 279 48 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 279 49 poor poor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 279 50 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 280 1 R r NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 281 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 281 2 order order NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 281 3 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 281 4 avoid avoid VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 281 5 anaemia anaemia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 281 6 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 281 7 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 281 8 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 281 9 associated associate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 281 10 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 281 11 poor poor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 281 12 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 281 13 because because IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 281 14 normal normal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 281 15 activity activity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 281 16 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 281 17 difficult difficult JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 281 18 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 281 19 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 281 20 possible possible JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 281 21 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 281 22 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 281 23 functions function NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 281 24 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 281 25 impaired impair VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 281 26 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 281 27 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 281 28 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 281 29 advisable advisable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 281 30 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 281 31 diets diet NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 281 32 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 281 33 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 281 34 provided provide VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 281 35 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 281 36 result result NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 281 37 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 281 38 blood blood NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 281 39 haemoglobin haemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 281 40 concentrations concentration NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 281 41 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 281 42 at at RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 281 43 least least JJS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 281 44 6.0mmol 6.0mmol CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 281 45 l l NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 281 46 -1 -1 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 281 47 throughout throughout IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 281 48 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 281 49 life life NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 281 50 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 281 51 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 281 52 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 281 53 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 282 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 282 2 order order NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 282 3 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 282 4 avoid avoid VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 282 5 serious serious JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 282 6 impairment impairment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 282 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 282 8 immune immune JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 282 9 system system NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 282 10 function function NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 282 11 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 282 12 hence hence RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 282 13 poor poor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 282 14 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 282 15 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 282 16 no no DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 282 17 individual individual JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 282 18 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 282 19 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 282 20 have have VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 282 21 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 282 22 blood blood NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 282 23 haemoglobin haemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 282 24 concentration concentration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 282 25 lower lower RBR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 282 26 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 282 27 4.5mmol 4.5mmol CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 283 1 l l NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 283 2 -1 -1 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 283 3 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 284 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 284 2 most most JJS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 284 3 cases case NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 284 4 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 284 5 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 284 6 achieved achieve VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 284 7 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 284 8 adjusting adjust VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 284 9 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 284 10 concentration concentration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 284 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 284 12 iron iron NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 284 13 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 284 14 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 284 15 diet diet NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 284 16 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 284 17 having have VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 284 18 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 284 19 adequate adequate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 284 20 checking checking NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 284 21 system system NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 284 22 so so IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 284 23 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 284 24 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 284 25 above above JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 284 26 condition condition NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 284 27 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 284 28 avoided avoid VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 284 29 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 285 1 Other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 285 2 treatment treatment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 285 3 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 285 4 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 285 5 needed need VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 285 6 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 285 7 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 285 8 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 285 9 clinical clinical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 285 10 conditions condition NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 285 11 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 285 12 cause cause VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 285 13 anaemia anaemia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 285 14 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 285 15 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 285 16 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 285 17 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 285 18 related relate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 285 19 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 285 20 diet diet NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 285 21 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 285 22 R r NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 285 23 Since since IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 285 24 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 285 25 lowest low JJS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 285 26 haemoglobin haemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 285 27 concentrations concentration NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 285 28 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 285 29 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 285 30 blood blood NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 285 31 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 285 32 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 285 33 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 285 34 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 285 35 usually usually RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 285 36 reached reach VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 285 37 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 285 38 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 285 39 last last JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 285 40 four four CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 285 41 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 285 42 before before IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 285 43 slaughter slaughter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 285 44 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 285 45 these these DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 285 46 blood blood NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 285 47 concentrations concentration NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 285 48 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 285 49 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 285 50 checked check VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 285 51 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 285 52 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 285 53 time time NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 285 54 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 286 1 Such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 286 2 controls control NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 286 3 would would MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 286 4 help help VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 286 5 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 286 6 see see VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 286 7 if if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 286 8 measures measure NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 286 9 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 286 10 necessary necessary JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 286 11 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 286 12 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 286 13 taken take VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 286 14 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 286 15 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 286 16 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 287 1 A a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 287 2 checking checking NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 287 3 system system NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 287 4 using use VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 287 5 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 287 6 mean mean JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 287 7 level level NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 287 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 287 9 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 287 10 whose whose WP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 287 11 aim aim NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 287 12 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 287 13 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 287 14 avoid avoid VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 287 15 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 287 16 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 287 17 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 287 18 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 287 19 low low JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 287 20 haemoglobin haemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 287 21 concentration concentration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 287 22 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 287 23 any any DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 287 24 individual individual NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 287 25 lower low JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 287 26 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 287 27 4.5 4.5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 287 28 mmol mmol JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 287 29 l-1 l-1 NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 287 30 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 287 31 would would MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 287 32 have have VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 287 33 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 287 34 use use VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 287 35 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 287 36 mean mean NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 287 37 substantially substantially RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 287 38 higher high JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 287 39 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 287 40 4,5 4,5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 287 41 mmol mmol JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 287 42 l-1 l-1 NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 287 43 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 287 44 probably probably RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 287 45 6 6 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 287 46 mmol mmol JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 287 47 l-1 l-1 NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 287 48 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 288 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 288 2 order order NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 288 3 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 288 4 avoid avoid VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 288 5 poor poor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 288 6 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 288 7 associated associate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 288 8 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 288 9 anaemia anaemia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 288 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 288 11 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 288 12 explained explain VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 288 13 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 288 14 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 288 15 Conclusions Conclusions NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 288 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 288 17 above above RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 288 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 288 19 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 288 20 measurements measurement NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 288 21 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 288 22 average average JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 288 23 blood blood NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 288 24 haemoglobin haemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 288 25 concentration concentration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 288 26 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 288 27 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 288 28 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 288 29 satisfactory satisfactory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 288 30 means mean NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 288 31 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 288 32 avoiding avoid VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 288 33 poor poor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 288 34 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 288 35 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 288 36 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 288 37 use use NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 288 38 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 288 39 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 288 40 minimum minimum JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 288 41 level level NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 288 42 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 288 43 4.5 4.5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 288 44 mmol mmol JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 288 45 l l NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 288 46 -1 -1 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 288 47 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 288 48 individual individual JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 288 49 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 288 50 would would MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 288 51 achieve achieve VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 288 52 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 288 53 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 289 1 21 21 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 290 1 Some some DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 290 2 non non JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 290 3 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 290 4 milk milk JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 290 5 proteins protein NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 290 6 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 290 7 inappropriate inappropriate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 290 8 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 290 9 use use NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 290 10 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 290 11 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 290 12 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 290 13 substitute substitute NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 290 14 fed feed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 290 15 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 290 16 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 290 17 because because IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 290 18 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 290 19 produce produce VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 290 20 allergenic allergenic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 290 21 reactions reaction NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 290 22 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 291 1 Some some DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 291 2 carbohydrates carbohydrate NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 291 3 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 291 4 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 291 5 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 291 6 easily easily RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 291 7 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 291 8 properly properly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 291 9 digested digest VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 291 10 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 291 11 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 291 12 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 291 13 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 291 14 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 291 15 cause cause VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 291 16 digestive digestive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 291 17 upset upset JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 291 18 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 292 1 No no DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 292 2 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 292 3 substitute substitute NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 292 4 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 292 5 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 292 6 fed feed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 292 7 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 292 8 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 292 9 unless unless IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 292 10 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 292 11 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 292 12 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 292 13 easily easily RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 292 14 digested digest VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 292 15 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 292 16 does do VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 292 17 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 292 18 cause cause VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 292 19 harmful harmful JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 292 20 reactions reaction NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 292 21 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 292 22 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 292 23 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 292 24 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 293 1 R R NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 293 2 Acidification acidification NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 293 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 293 4 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 293 5 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 293 6 reduce reduce VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 293 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 293 8 incidence incidence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 293 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 293 10 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 293 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 293 12 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 293 13 any any DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 293 14 forms form NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 293 15 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 293 16 acidified acidify VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 293 17 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 293 18 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 293 19 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 293 20 unpalatable unpalatable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 293 21 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 293 22 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 293 23 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 293 24 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 293 25 harm harm VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 293 26 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 293 27 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 293 28 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 293 29 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 293 30 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 293 31 used use VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 293 32 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 294 1 R r NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 295 1 Every every DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 295 2 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 295 3 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 295 4 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 295 5 fed feed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 295 6 fermentable fermentable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 295 7 material material NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 295 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 295 9 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 295 10 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 295 11 quality quality NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 295 12 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 295 13 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 295 14 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 295 15 quantity quantity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 295 16 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 295 17 maintain maintain VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 295 18 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 295 19 microbial microbial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 295 20 flora flora NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 295 21 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 295 22 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 295 23 gut gut NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 295 24 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 295 25 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 295 26 fibre fibre NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 295 27 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 295 28 stimulate stimulate VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 295 29 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 295 30 development development NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 295 31 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 295 32 villi villus NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 295 33 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 295 34 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 295 35 rumen rumen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 295 36 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 296 1 Roughage roughage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 296 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 296 3 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 296 4 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 296 5 half half NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 296 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 296 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 296 8 fibre fibre NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 296 9 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 296 10 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 296 11 at at RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 296 12 least least RBS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 296 13 10 10 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 296 14 mm mm NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 296 15 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 296 16 length length NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 296 17 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 296 18 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 296 19 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 296 20 fed feed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 296 21 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 296 22 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 296 23 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 297 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 297 2 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 297 3 receive receive VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 297 4 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 297 5 minimum minimum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 297 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 297 7 100 100 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 297 8 g g NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 297 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 297 10 roughage roughage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 297 11 per per IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 297 12 day day NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 297 13 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 297 14 2 2 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 297 15 to15 to15 IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 297 16 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 297 17 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 297 18 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 297 19 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 297 20 increasing increase VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 297 21 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 297 22 250 250 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 297 23 g g NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 297 24 per per IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 297 25 day day NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 297 26 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 297 27 15 15 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 297 28 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 297 29 26 26 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 297 30 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 297 31 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 297 32 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 298 1 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 298 2 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 298 3 would would MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 298 4 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 298 5 better well JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 298 6 if if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 298 7 these these DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 298 8 amounts amount NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 298 9 would would MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 298 10 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 298 11 doubled double VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 298 12 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 299 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 299 2 development development NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 299 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 299 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 299 5 rumen rumen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 299 6 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 299 7 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 299 8 checked check VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 299 9 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 299 10 investigating investigate VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 299 11 villi villi NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 299 12 development development NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 299 13 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 299 14 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 299 15 proportion proportion NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 299 16 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 299 17 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 299 18 guts gut NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 299 19 after after IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 299 20 slaughter slaughter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 299 21 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 300 1 R R NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 300 2 Agreed agree VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 300 3 R r NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 301 1 Without without IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 301 2 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 301 3 fully fully RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 301 4 functional functional JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 301 5 rumen rumen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 301 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 301 7 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 301 8 will will MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 301 9 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 301 10 unable unable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 301 11 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 301 12 utilise utilise VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 301 13 nutrients nutrient NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 301 14 provided provide VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 301 15 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 301 16 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 301 17 post post NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 301 18 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 301 19 weaning weaning JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 301 20 dry dry JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 301 21 feed feed NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 301 22 diet diet NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 301 23 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 302 1 Attention attention NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 302 2 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 302 3 paid pay VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 302 4 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 302 5 type type NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 302 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 302 7 forage forage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 302 8 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 302 9 consistent consistent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 302 10 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 302 11 particle particle NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 302 12 size size NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 302 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 302 14 starter starter JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 302 15 grain grain NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 302 16 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 302 17 order order NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 302 18 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 302 19 achieve achieve VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 302 20 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 302 21 proper proper JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 302 22 rumen rumen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 302 23 development development NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 302 24 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 303 1 Calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 303 2 weaning weaning NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 303 3 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 303 4 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 303 5 based base VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 303 6 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 303 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 303 8 amount amount NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 303 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 303 10 dry dry JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 303 11 feed feed NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 303 12 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 303 13 ingest ingest VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 303 14 per per IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 303 15 day day NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 303 16 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 303 17 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 303 18 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 303 19 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 303 20 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 303 21 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 303 22 weight weight NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 303 23 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 303 24 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 303 25 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 303 26 starter starter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 303 27 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 303 28 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 303 29 made make VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 303 30 available available JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 303 31 five five CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 303 32 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 303 33 10 10 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 303 34 days day NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 303 35 after after IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 303 36 birth birth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 303 37 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 304 1 A a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 304 2 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 304 3 consuming consume VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 304 4 0.7 0.7 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 304 5 kg kg NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 304 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 304 7 dry dry JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 304 8 feed feed NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 304 9 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 304 10 more more JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 304 11 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 304 12 three three CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 304 13 consecutive consecutive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 304 14 days day NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 304 15 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 304 16 ready ready JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 304 17 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 304 18 weaning wean VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 304 19 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 305 1 When when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 305 2 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 305 3 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 305 4 fed feed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 305 5 low low JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 305 6 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 305 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 305 8 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 305 9 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 305 10 encourage encourage VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 305 11 early early JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 305 12 consumption consumption NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 305 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 305 14 dry dry JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 305 15 food food NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 305 16 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 305 17 weaning weaning NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 305 18 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 305 19 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 305 20 done do VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 305 21 abruptly abruptly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 305 22 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 306 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 306 2 contrast contrast NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 306 3 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 306 4 if if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 306 5 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 306 6 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 306 7 given give VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 306 8 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 306 9 large large JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 306 10 amounts amount NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 306 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 306 12 weaning weaning NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 306 13 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 306 14 require require VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 306 15 two two CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 306 16 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 306 17 three three CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 306 18 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 306 19 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 306 20 slow slow JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 306 21 transition transition NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 306 22 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 306 23 avoid avoid VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 306 24 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 306 25 setback setback NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 306 26 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 306 27 growth growth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 306 28 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 307 1 There there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 307 2 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 307 3 clear clear JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 307 4 signs sign NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 307 5 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 307 6 increased increase VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 307 7 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 307 8 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 307 9 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 307 10 immunosuppression immunosuppression NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 307 11 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 307 12 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 307 13 up up IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 307 14 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 307 15 13 13 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 307 16 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 307 17 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 307 18 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 307 19 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 308 1 whose whose WP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 308 2 blood blood NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 308 3 haemoglobin haemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 308 4 concentration concentration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 308 5 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 308 6 below below IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 308 7 4.5 4.5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 308 8 mmol mmol JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 308 9 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 308 10 liter liter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 308 11 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 309 1 However however RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 309 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 309 3 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 309 4 some some DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 309 5 studies study NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 309 6 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 309 7 antibiotic antibiotic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 309 8 treatment treatment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 309 9 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 309 10 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 309 11 higher high JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 309 12 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 309 13 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 309 14 whose whose WP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 309 15 haemoglobin haemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 309 16 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 309 17 near near JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 309 18 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 309 19 4mmol 4mmol CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 309 20 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 309 21 litre litre NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 309 22 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 309 23 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 309 24 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 309 25 whose whose WP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 309 26 level level NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 309 27 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 309 28 near near JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 309 29 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 309 30 5mmol 5mmol CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 309 31 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 309 32 litreat litreat VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 309 33 20 20 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 309 34 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 309 35 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 309 36 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 309 37 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 310 1 Studies study NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 310 2 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 310 3 exercise exercise NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 310 4 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 310 5 anaemic anaemic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 310 6 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 310 7 show show VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 310 8 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 310 9 there there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 310 10 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 310 11 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 310 12 problems problem NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 310 13 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 310 14 exercise exercise NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 310 15 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 310 16 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 310 17 level level NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 310 18 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 310 19 5,5 5,5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 310 20 mmol mmol JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 310 21 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 310 22 litre litre NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 310 23 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 311 1 C C NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 312 1 All all DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 312 2 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 312 3 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 312 4 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 312 5 fed feed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 312 6 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 312 7 such such PDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 312 8 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 312 9 Agreed agree VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 312 10 see see NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 312 11 23 23 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 312 12 way way NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 312 13 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 312 14 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 312 15 haemoglobin haemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 312 16 level level NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 312 17 does do VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 312 18 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 312 19 fall fall VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 312 20 below below IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 312 21 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 312 22 minimum minimum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 312 23 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 312 24 4.5 4.5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 312 25 mmol mmol JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 312 26 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 312 27 litre litre NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 312 28 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 313 1 R r NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 313 2 25 25 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 314 1 Where where WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 314 2 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 314 3 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 314 4 fed feed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 314 5 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 314 6 diet diet NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 314 7 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 314 8 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 314 9 lower low JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 314 10 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 314 11 iron iron NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 314 12 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 314 13 50mg 50mg NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 314 14 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 314 15 kg kg NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 314 16 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 314 17 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 314 18 adequate adequate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 314 19 sample sample NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 314 20 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 314 21 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 314 22 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 314 23 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 314 24 checked check VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 314 25 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 314 26 12 12 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 314 27 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 314 28 24 24 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 314 29 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 314 30 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 314 31 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 314 32 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 314 33 order order NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 314 34 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 314 35 find find VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 314 36 out out RP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 314 37 whether whether IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 314 38 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 314 39 blood blood NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 314 40 haemoglobin haemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 314 41 concentration concentration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 314 42 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 314 43 too too RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 314 44 low low JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 314 45 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 315 1 R R NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 315 2 Agreed agree VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 315 3 see see VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 315 4 23 23 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 315 5 Young young JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 315 6 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 315 7 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 315 8 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 315 9 very very RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 315 10 strong strong JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 315 11 preference preference NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 315 12 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 315 13 suck suck VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 315 14 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 315 15 teat teat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 315 16 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 315 17 teat teat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 315 18 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 315 19 like like JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 315 20 object object NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 315 21 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 316 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 316 2 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 316 3 preferable preferable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 316 4 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 316 5 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 316 6 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 316 7 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 316 8 fed feed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 316 9 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 316 10 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 316 11 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 316 12 substitute substitute NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 316 13 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 316 14 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 316 15 teat teat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 316 16 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 316 17 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 316 18 first first JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 316 19 four four CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 316 20 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 316 21 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 316 22 life life NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 316 23 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 317 1 Calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 317 2 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 317 3 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 317 4 improved improve VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 317 5 if if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 317 6 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 317 7 non non JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 317 8 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 317 9 nutritive nutritive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 317 10 teat teat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 317 11 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 317 12 provided provide VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 317 13 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 317 14 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 317 15 first first JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 317 16 four four CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 317 17 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 317 18 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 317 19 life life NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 317 20 especially especially RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 317 21 if if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 317 22 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 317 23 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 317 24 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 317 25 fed feed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 317 26 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 317 27 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 317 28 teat teat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 317 29 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 318 1 C C NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 319 1 When when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 319 2 young young JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 319 3 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 319 4 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 319 5 housed house VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 319 6 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 319 7 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 319 8 fed feed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 319 9 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 319 10 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 319 11 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 319 12 substitute substitute NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 319 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 319 14 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 319 15 social social JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 319 16 facilitation facilitation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 319 17 effects effect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 319 18 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 319 19 having have VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 319 20 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 319 21 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 319 22 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 319 23 teats teat NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 319 24 close close VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 319 25 together together RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 319 26 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 319 27 beneficial beneficial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 319 28 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 320 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 320 2 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 320 3 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 320 4 advisable advisable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 320 5 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 320 6 several several JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 320 7 teats teat NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 320 8 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 320 9 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 320 10 provided provide VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 320 11 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 320 12 groups group NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 320 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 320 14 older old JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 320 15 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 320 16 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 321 1 Transponder Transponder NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 321 2 controlled control VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 321 3 feeder feeder NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 321 4 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 321 5 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 321 6 been be VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 321 7 found find VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 321 8 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 321 9 work work VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 321 10 well well RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 321 11 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 322 1 C C NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 323 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 323 2 feeding feeding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 323 3 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 323 4 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 323 5 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 323 6 large large JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 323 7 quantities quantity NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 323 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 323 9 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 323 10 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 323 11 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 323 12 substitute substitute NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 323 13 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 323 14 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 323 15 single single JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 323 16 daily daily JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 323 17 meal meal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 323 18 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 323 19 cause cause VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 323 20 digestive digestive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 323 21 problems problem NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 323 22 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 324 1 Hence hence RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 324 2 when when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 324 3 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 324 4 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 324 5 fed feed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 324 6 more more JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 324 7 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 324 8 10 10 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 324 9 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 324 10 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 324 11 body body NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 324 12 weight weight NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 324 13 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 324 14 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 324 15 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 324 16 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 324 17 substitute substitute NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 324 18 each each DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 324 19 day day NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 324 20 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 324 21 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 324 22 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 324 23 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 324 24 fed feed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 324 25 in in RP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 324 26 at at RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 324 27 least least RBS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 324 28 two two CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 324 29 meals meal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 324 30 per per IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 324 31 day day NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 324 32 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 325 1 R R NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 325 2 Calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 325 3 fed feed VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 325 4 ad ad NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 325 5 libitum libitum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 325 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 325 7 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 325 8 close close RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 325 9 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 325 10 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 325 11 level level NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 325 12 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 325 13 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 325 14 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 325 15 weaned wean VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 325 16 off off RP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 325 17 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 325 18 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 325 19 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 325 20 replacer replacer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 325 21 until until IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 325 22 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 325 23 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 325 24 consuming consume VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 325 25 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 325 26 minimum minimum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 325 27 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 325 28 750 750 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 325 29 g g NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 325 30 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 325 31 concentrates concentrate NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 325 32 per per IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 325 33 head head NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 325 34 per per IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 325 35 day day NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 325 36 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 325 37 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 325 38 week week NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 325 39 prior prior RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 325 40 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 325 41 weaning weaning NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 325 42 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 326 1 Where where WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 326 2 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 326 3 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 326 4 fed feed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 326 5 restricted restrict VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 326 6 quantities quantity NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 326 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 326 8 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 326 9 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 326 10 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 326 11 replacer replacer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 326 12 before before IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 326 13 weaning wean VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 326 14 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 326 15 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 326 16 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 326 17 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 326 18 weaned wean VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 326 19 until until IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 326 20 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 326 21 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 326 22 consuming consume VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 326 23 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 326 24 minimum minimum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 326 25 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 326 26 1000 1000 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 326 27 g g NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 326 28 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 326 29 concentrates concentrate NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 326 30 per per IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 326 31 head head NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 326 32 per per IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 326 33 day day NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 326 34 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 326 35 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 326 36 week week NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 326 37 prior prior RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 326 38 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 326 39 weaning weaning NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 326 40 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 327 1 R R NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 327 2 Calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 327 3 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 327 4 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 327 5 diseased disease VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 327 6 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 327 7 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 327 8 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 327 9 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 327 10 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 327 11 hot hot JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 327 12 conditions condition NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 327 13 often often RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 327 14 need need VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 327 15 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 327 16 drink drink VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 327 17 water water NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 327 18 as as RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 327 19 well well RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 327 20 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 327 21 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 327 22 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 327 23 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 327 24 substitute substitute NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 327 25 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 327 26 all all DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 327 27 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 327 28 drink drink VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 327 29 water water NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 327 30 if if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 327 31 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 327 32 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 327 33 available available JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 327 34 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 328 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 328 2 provision provision NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 328 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 328 4 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 328 5 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 328 6 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 328 7 substitute substitute NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 328 8 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 328 9 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 328 10 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 328 11 adequate adequate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 328 12 alternative alternative NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 328 13 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 328 14 provision provision NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 328 15 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 328 16 water water NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 328 17 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 329 1 Hence hence RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 329 2 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 329 3 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 329 4 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 329 5 provided provide VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 329 6 daily daily RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 329 7 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 329 8 water water NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 329 9 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 329 10 drink drink VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 329 11 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 330 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 330 2 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 330 3 recommended recommend VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 330 4 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 330 5 drinkers drinker NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 330 6 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 330 7 provided provide VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 330 8 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 330 9 all all DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 330 10 pens pen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 330 11 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 1 R R NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 2 Agreed agree VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 3 R R NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 4 Prevention Prevention NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 5 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 6 typical typical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 7 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 8 diseases disease NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 9 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 10 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 11 first first JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 12 6 6 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 13 months month NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 14 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 15 life life NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 16 such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 17 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 18 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 19 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 20 enzootic enzootic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 21 bronchopneumonia bronchopneumonia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 22 requires require VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 23 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 24 systematic systematic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 25 approach approach NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 26 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 27 improving improve VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 28 management management NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 29 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 30 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 31 conditions condition NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 32 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 33 specifically specifically RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 34 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 35 preparation preparation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 36 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 37 24 24 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 38 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 39 cow cow NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 40 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 41 hygiene hygiene NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 42 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 43 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 44 calving calving NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 45 environment environment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 46 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 47 including include VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 48 dry dry JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 49 clean clean JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 50 bedding bedding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 51 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 52 high high JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 53 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 54 quality quality NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 55 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 56 immediate immediate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 57 supply supply NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 58 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 59 maternal maternal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 60 antibodies antibody NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 61 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 62 no no DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 63 mixing mix VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 64 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 65 older old JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 66 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 67 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 68 careful careful JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 69 attention attention NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 70 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 71 early early JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 72 reaction reaction NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 73 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 74 all all DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 75 signs sign NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 76 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 77 any any DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 78 beginning begin VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 79 diseases disease NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 331 80 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 332 1 Dehorning dehorn VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 332 2 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 332 3 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 332 4 1 1 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 333 1 -3 -3 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 333 2 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 333 3 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 333 4 cauterisation cauterisation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 333 5 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 333 6 adequate adequate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 333 7 anaesthesia anaesthesia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 333 8 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 333 9 analgesia analgesia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 334 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 334 2 no no DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 334 3 precision precision NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 334 4 given give VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 334 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 334 6 Castrate castrate VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 334 7 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 334 8 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 334 9 3 3 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 334 10 months month NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 334 11 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 334 12 adequate adequate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 334 13 anaesthesia anaesthesia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 334 14 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 334 15 analgesia analgesia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 334 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 334 17 no no DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 334 18 precision precision NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 334 19 given give VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 334 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 335 1 R r LS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 335 2 Dehorning dehorning NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 335 3 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 335 4 if if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 335 5 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 335 6 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 335 7 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 335 8 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 335 9 dehorned dehorn VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 335 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 335 11 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 335 12 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 335 13 recommended recommend VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 335 14 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 335 15 disbud disbud VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 335 16 young young JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 335 17 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 335 18 rather rather RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 335 19 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 335 20 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 335 21 dehorn dehorn VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 335 22 older old JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 335 23 ones one NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 335 24 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 336 1 Disbudding Disbudding NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 336 2 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 336 3 cauterisation cauterisation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 336 4 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 336 5 recommended recommend VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 336 6 over over IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 336 7 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 336 8 methods method NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 336 9 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 337 1 Local local JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 337 2 anaesthesia anaesthesia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 337 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 337 4 e.g. e.g. RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 337 5 5 5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 337 6 - - SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 337 7 6 6 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 337 8 mL ml NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 337 9 lidocaïne lidocaïne NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 337 10 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 337 11 lignocaïne lignocaïne JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 337 12 2 2 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 337 13 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 337 14 around around IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 337 15 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 337 16 corneal corneal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 337 17 nerve nerve NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 337 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 337 19 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 337 20 analgesia analgesia VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 337 21 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 337 22 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 337 23 non non JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 337 24 steroidal steroidal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 337 25 anti anti JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 337 26 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 337 27 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 337 28 drug drug NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 337 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 337 30 5 5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 337 31 mL ml NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 337 32 Flunixin Flunixin NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 337 33 meglumine meglumine NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 337 34 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 338 1 3 3 LS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 338 2 -3.75 -3.75 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 338 3 mg mg NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 338 4 ketoprofen ketoprofen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 339 1 10 10 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 339 2 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 339 3 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 339 4 kg kg NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 339 5 body body NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 339 6 weight weight NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 339 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 339 8 shall shall MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 339 9 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 339 10 performed perform VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 339 11 15 15 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 339 12 - - SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 339 13 20 20 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 339 14 min min NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 339 15 before before IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 339 16 disbudding disbudding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 339 17 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 1 R R NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 2 Castration castration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 3 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 4 if if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 5 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 6 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 7 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 8 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 9 castrated castrate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 11 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 12 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 13 recommended recommend VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 14 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 15 castrate castrate VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 16 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 17 as as RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 18 early early RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 19 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 20 possible possible JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 22 no no RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 23 later later RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 24 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 25 1.5 1.5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 26 mo mo NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 27 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 28 preferably preferably RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 29 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 30 1 1 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 31 wk wk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 32 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 33 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 35 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 36 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 37 use use VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 38 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 39 Burdizzo Burdizzo NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 40 method method NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 41 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 42 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 43 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 44 provide provide VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 45 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 46 anaesthesia anaesthesia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 47 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 48 analgesia analgesia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 49 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 50 e.g. e.g. RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 51 3 3 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 52 mL ml NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 53 Lignocaine Lignocaine NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 54 2 2 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 55 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 56 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 57 each each DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 58 testicle testicle NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 59 through through IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 60 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 61 distal distal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 62 pole pole NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 63 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 64 3 3 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 65 mg mg NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 66 Ketoprofen Ketoprofen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 67 10 10 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 68 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 69 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 70 kg kg NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 71 body body NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 72 weight weight NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 73 injected inject VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 74 intravenously intravenously RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 75 both both DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 76 20 20 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 77 min min NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 78 before before IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 79 castration castration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 80 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 340 81 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 341 1 -Main -Main NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 342 1 foodborne foodborne JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 342 2 hazards hazard NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 342 3 associated associate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 342 4 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 342 5 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 342 6 farming farming NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 342 7 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 342 8 Salmonella Salmonella NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 342 9 spp spp NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 342 10 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 343 1 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 343 2 human human JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 343 3 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 343 4 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 343 5 verotoxigenic verotoxigenic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 343 6 Escherichia escherichia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 343 7 coli coli NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 343 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 343 9 HP HP NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 343 10 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 343 11 VTEC VTEC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 343 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 343 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 343 14 thermophilic thermophilic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 343 15 Campylobacter Campylobacter NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 343 16 spp spp NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 343 17 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 344 1 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 344 2 Mycobacterium Mycobacterium NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 344 3 bovis bovis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 344 4 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 344 5 Taenia Taenia NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 344 6 saginata saginata NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 344 7 cysticercus cysticercus NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 344 8 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 344 9 Cryptosporidium Cryptosporidium NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 344 10 parvum parvum NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 344 11 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 344 12 Giardia Giardia NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 344 13 duodenalis duodenalis NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 344 14 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 345 1 -The -The : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 345 2 prevalence prevalence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 345 3 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 345 4 level level NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 345 5 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 345 6 infection infection NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 345 7 and/or and/or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 345 8 contamination contamination NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 345 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 345 10 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 345 11 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 345 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 345 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 345 14 further further JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 345 15 spread spread NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 345 16 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 345 17 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 345 18 foodborne foodborne JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 345 19 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 345 20 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 345 21 farms farm NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 345 22 depend depend VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 345 23 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 345 24 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 345 25 status status NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 345 26 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 345 27 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 345 28 inter inter JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 345 29 - - NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 345 30 relationship relationship NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 345 31 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 345 32 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 345 33 contributing contributing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 345 34 factors factor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 345 35 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 345 36 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 345 37 inherently inherently RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 345 38 highly highly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 345 39 variable variable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 345 40 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 346 1 -Present -Present : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 346 2 knowledge knowledge NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 346 3 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 346 4 published publish VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 346 5 data datum NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 346 6 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 346 7 insufficient insufficient JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 346 8 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 346 9 produce produce VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 346 10 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 346 11 universal universal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 346 12 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 346 13 assessment assessment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 346 14 enabling enable VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 346 15 quantitative quantitative JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 346 16 food food NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 346 17 safety safety NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 346 18 categorization categorization NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 346 19 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 346 20 ranking ranking NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 346 21 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 346 22 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 346 23 types type NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 346 24 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 346 25 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 346 26 farming farming NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 346 27 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 346 28 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 347 1 -Nevertheless -nevertheless NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 347 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 347 3 generic generic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 347 4 principles principle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 347 5 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 347 6 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 347 7 reductions reduction NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 347 8 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 347 9 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 347 10 main main JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 347 11 foodborne foodborne JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 347 12 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 347 13 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 347 14 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 347 15 farm farm NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 347 16 level level NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 347 17 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 347 18 known know VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 347 19 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 347 20 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 347 21 based base VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 347 22 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 347 23 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 347 24 implementation implementation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 347 25 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 347 26 effective effective JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 347 27 farm farm NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 347 28 management management NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 347 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 347 30 e.g. e.g. RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 347 31 QA QA NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 347 32 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 347 33 husbandry husbandry NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 347 34 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 347 35 herd herd NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 347 36 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 347 37 plans plan NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 347 38 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 347 39 biosecurity biosecurity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 347 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 347 41 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 347 42 hygiene hygiene NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 347 43 measures measure NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 347 44 based base VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 347 45 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 347 46 GFP GFP NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 347 47 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 347 48 GHP GHP NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 347 49 RECOMMENDATIONS recommendation NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 347 50 FOR for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 347 51 FUTURE future JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 347 52 RESEARCH research NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 347 53 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 348 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 348 2 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 348 3 recommended recommend VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 348 4 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 348 5 future future JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 348 6 research research NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 348 7 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 348 8 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 348 9 conducted conduct VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 348 10 within within IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 348 11 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 348 12 following follow VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 348 13 areas area NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 348 14 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 349 1 -Hemoglobin -Hemoglobin : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 349 2 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 349 3 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 349 4 iron iron NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 349 5 deficiences deficience NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 349 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 349 7 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 349 8 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 349 9 aged age VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 349 10 12 12 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 349 11 - - SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 349 12 24 24 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 349 13 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 349 14 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 350 1 -The -The : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 350 2 monitoring monitoring NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 350 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 350 4 haemoglobin haemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 350 5 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 350 6 groups group NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 350 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 350 8 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 350 9 using use VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 350 10 representative representative JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 350 11 samples sample VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 350 12 -Exposure -exposure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 350 13 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 350 14 allergenic allergenic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 350 15 proteins protein NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 351 1 -Solid -solid NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 352 1 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 352 2 liquid liquid JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 352 3 food food NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 352 4 balance balance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 352 5 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 353 1 Exposure exposure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 353 2 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 353 3 too too RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 353 4 rich rich JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 353 5 diets diet NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 353 6 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 353 7 changes change NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 353 8 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 353 9 feed feed NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 353 10 composition composition NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 353 11 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 1 -Space -space NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 2 requirements requirement NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 3 -Health -health VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 4 monitoring monitor VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 5 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 6 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 8 effect effect NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 10 such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 11 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 12 clinical clinical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 13 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 14 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 15 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 16 -Infection -Infection : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 17 transmission transmission NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 19 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 20 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 21 digestive digestive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 22 diseases disease NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 24 due due JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 25 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 26 direct direct JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 27 contact contact NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 28 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 29 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 30 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 31 relation relation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 32 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 33 social social JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 34 benefits benefit NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 35 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 36 mixing mix VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 37 -Pain -Pain NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 38 relief relief NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 39 when when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 40 disbudding disbudding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 41 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 42 dehorning dehorning NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 43 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 44 castrating castrate VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 45 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 46 -Design -design RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 47 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 48 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 49 ventilation ventilation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 50 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 51 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 52 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 53 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 54 confined confine VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 55 rearing rearing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 56 conditions condition NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 57 -Health -health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 58 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 59 environmental environmental JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 60 effects effect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 61 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 62 feeding feeding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 63 minerals mineral NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 64 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 65 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 354 66 agents agent NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 355 1 -For -for JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 355 2 quantitative quantitative JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 355 3 food food NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 355 4 safety safety NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 355 5 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 355 6 categorization categorization NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 355 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 355 8 farming farm VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 355 9 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 355 10 individually individually RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 355 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 355 12 and/or and/or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 355 13 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 355 14 related relate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 355 15 ranking ranking NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 355 16 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 355 17 further further JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 355 18 scientific scientific JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 355 19 information information NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 355 20 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 355 21 needed need VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 355 22 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 356 1 Accordingly accordingly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 356 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 356 3 related related JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 356 4 research research NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 356 5 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 356 6 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 356 7 encouraged encourage VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 356 8 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 357 1 References reference NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 357 2 used use VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 357 3 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 357 4 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 357 5 Scientific Scientific NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 357 6 Opinion Opinion NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 357 7 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 357 8 available available JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 357 9 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 357 10 listed list VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 357 11 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 357 12 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 357 13 Scientific Scientific NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 357 14 Report Report NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 357 15 published publish VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 357 16 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 357 17 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 357 18 EFSA EFSA NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 357 19 web web NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 357 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 357 21 www.efsa.eu.int www.efsa.eu.int NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 357 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 357 23 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 2 AHAW AHAW NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 3 Panel Panel NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 4 wishes wish VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 5 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 6 thank thank VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 8 members member NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 10 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 11 working work VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 12 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 13 chaired chair VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 14 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 15 panel panel NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 16 member member NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 17 Summary Summary NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 18 EFSA EFSA NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 19 has have VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 20 been be VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 21 requested request VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 22 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 23 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 24 European European NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 25 Commission Commission NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 26 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 27 issue issue VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 28 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 29 scientific scientific JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 30 opinion opinion NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 31 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 32 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 33 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 34 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 35 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 36 aspects aspect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 37 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 38 intensive intensive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 39 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 40 farming farming NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 41 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 42 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 43 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 44 ability ability NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 45 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 46 comply comply VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 47 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 48 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 49 requirements requirement NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 50 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 51 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 52 well well NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 53 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 54 being being NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 55 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 56 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 57 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 58 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 59 pathological pathological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 60 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 61 zootechnical zootechnical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 62 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 63 physiological physiological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 64 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 65 behavioural behavioural JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 66 points point NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 67 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 68 view view NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 358 69 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 359 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 359 2 particular particular JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 359 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 359 4 Commission Commission NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 359 5 asked ask VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 359 6 EFSA EFSA NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 359 7 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 359 8 update update VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 359 9 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 359 10 findings finding NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 359 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 359 12 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 359 13 Scientific Scientific NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 359 14 Veterinary Veterinary NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 359 15 Committee Committee NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 359 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 359 17 Animal Animal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 359 18 Welfare Welfare NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 359 19 Section Section NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 359 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 359 21 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 359 22 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 359 23 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 359 24 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 359 25 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 359 26 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 359 27 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 359 28 9 9 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 359 29 November November NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 359 30 1995 1995 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 359 31 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 359 32 light light NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 359 33 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 359 34 more more JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 359 35 recent recent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 359 36 data datum NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 359 37 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 359 38 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 359 39 issue issue NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 359 40 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 360 1 Where where WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 360 2 relevant relevant JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 360 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 360 4 possible possible JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 360 5 food food NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 360 6 safety safety NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 360 7 implications implication NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 360 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 360 9 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 360 10 farming farming NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 360 11 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 360 12 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 360 13 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 360 14 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 360 15 considered consider VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 360 16 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 361 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 361 2 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 361 3 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 361 4 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 361 5 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 361 6 assessment assessment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 361 7 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 361 8 made make VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 361 9 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 361 10 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 361 11 relevant relevant JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 361 12 conclusions conclusion NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 361 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 361 14 recommendations recommendation NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 361 15 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 361 16 forming form VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 361 17 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 361 18 scientific scientific JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 361 19 opinion opinion NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 361 20 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 361 21 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 361 22 AHAW AHAW NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 361 23 Panel Panel NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 361 24 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 362 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 362 2 SVC SVC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 362 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 362 4 1995 1995 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 362 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 362 6 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 362 7 contains contain VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 362 8 information information NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 362 9 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 362 10 measurements measurement NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 362 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 362 12 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 362 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 362 14 needs need NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 362 15 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 362 16 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 362 17 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 362 18 descriptions description NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 362 19 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 362 20 current current JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 362 21 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 362 22 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 362 23 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 362 24 chapters chapter NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 362 25 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 362 26 types type NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 362 27 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 362 28 feed feed NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 362 29 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 362 30 feeding feeding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 362 31 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 362 32 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 362 33 weaning weaning NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 362 34 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 362 35 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 362 36 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 362 37 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 362 38 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 362 39 pen pen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 362 40 design design NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 362 41 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 362 42 climate climate NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 362 43 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 362 44 mananimal mananimal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 362 45 relationships relationship NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 362 46 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 362 47 dehorning dehorning NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 362 48 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 362 49 castration castration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 362 50 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 363 1 Further further JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 363 2 chapters chapter NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 363 3 covered cover VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 363 4 economical economical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 363 5 considerations consideration NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 363 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 363 7 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 363 8 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 363 9 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 363 10 improving improve VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 363 11 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 363 12 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 364 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 364 2 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 364 3 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 364 4 conclusions conclusion NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 364 5 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 364 6 made make VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 364 7 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 364 8 general general JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 364 9 management management NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 364 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 364 11 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 364 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 364 13 food food NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 364 14 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 364 15 water water NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 364 16 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 364 17 economics economic NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 364 18 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 365 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 365 2 present present JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 365 3 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 365 4 " " `` cord-009694-e59kuwf1 365 5 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 365 6 risks risk NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 365 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 365 8 poor poor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 365 9 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 365 10 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 365 11 intensive intensive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 365 12 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 365 13 farming farming NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 365 14 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 365 15 " " '' cord-009694-e59kuwf1 365 16 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 365 17 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 365 18 update update NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 365 19 o o UH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 365 20 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 365 21 previous previous JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 365 22 SVC SVC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 365 23 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 365 24 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 365 25 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 365 26 exception exception NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 365 27 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 365 28 economical economical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 365 29 aspects aspect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 365 30 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 365 31 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 365 32 outside outside RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 365 33 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 365 34 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 365 35 mandate mandate NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 365 36 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 365 37 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 365 38 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 365 39 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 366 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 366 2 various various JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 366 3 factors factor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 366 4 potentially potentially RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 366 5 affecting affect VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 366 6 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 366 7 ' ' POS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 366 8 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 366 9 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 366 10 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 366 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 366 12 already already RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 366 13 extensively extensively RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 366 14 listed list VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 366 15 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 366 16 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 366 17 1995 1995 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 366 18 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 366 19 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 366 20 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 366 21 Scientific Scientific NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 366 22 Veterinary Veterinary NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 366 23 Committee Committee NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 366 24 Animal Animal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 366 25 Welfare Welfare NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 366 26 section section NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 366 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 366 28 SVC SVC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 366 29 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 366 30 1995 1995 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 366 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 366 32 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 366 33 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 366 34 updated update VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 366 35 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 366 36 subsequently subsequently RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 366 37 systematically systematically RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 366 38 determined determined JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 366 39 whether whether IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 366 40 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 366 41 constitute constitute VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 366 42 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 366 43 potential potential JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 366 44 hazard hazard NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 366 45 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 366 46 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 366 47 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 367 1 To to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 367 2 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 367 3 latter latter JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 367 4 end end VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 367 5 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 367 6 severity severity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 367 7 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 367 8 likelihood likelihood NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 367 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 367 10 occurrence occurrence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 367 11 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 367 12 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 367 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 367 14 sub sub NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 367 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 367 16 populations population NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 367 17 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 367 18 evaluated evaluate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 367 19 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 367 20 associated associate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 367 21 risks risk NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 367 22 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 367 23 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 367 24 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 367 25 estimated estimate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 367 26 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 367 27 hence hence RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 367 28 providing provide VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 367 29 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 367 30 basis basis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 367 31 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 367 32 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 367 33 managers manager NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 367 34 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 367 35 decide decide VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 367 36 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 367 37 measures measure NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 367 38 could could MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 367 39 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 367 40 contemplated contemplate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 367 41 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 367 42 reduce reduce VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 367 43 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 367 44 eliminate eliminate VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 367 45 such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 367 46 risks risk NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 367 47 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 2 line line NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 3 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 5 terms term NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 7 reference reference NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 8 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 9 working work VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 10 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 11 restricted restrict VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 12 itself -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 13 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 15 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 16 essence essence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 17 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 18 qualitative qualitative JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 20 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 21 assessment assessment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 22 Although although IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 23 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 24 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 25 agreed agree VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 26 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 27 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 28 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 29 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 30 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 31 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 32 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 33 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 34 substantially substantially RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 35 affected affect VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 36 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 37 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 38 course course NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 39 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 40 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 41 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 42 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 43 result result NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 44 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 45 transport transport NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 46 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 47 slaughter slaughter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 48 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 49 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 50 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 51 does do VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 52 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 53 consider consider VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 54 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 55 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 56 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 57 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 58 aspects aspect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 59 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 60 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 61 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 62 transport transport NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 63 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 64 slaughter slaughter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 65 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 66 such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 67 information information NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 68 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 69 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 70 found find VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 71 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 72 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 73 recently recently RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 74 issued issue VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 75 comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 76 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 77 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 78 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 79 Scientific Scientific NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 80 Committee Committee NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 81 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 82 Animal Animal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 83 Health Health NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 84 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 85 Animal Animal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 86 Welfare Welfare NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 87 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 88 SCAHAW SCAHAW NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 89 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 90 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 91 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 92 " " `` cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 93 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 94 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 95 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 96 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 97 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 98 transport transport NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 99 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 100 details detail NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 101 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 102 horses horse NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 103 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 104 pigs pig NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 105 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 106 sheep sheep NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 107 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 108 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 109 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 110 " " '' cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 111 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 112 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 113 adopted adopt VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 114 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 115 11 11 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 116 March March NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 117 2002 2002 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 118 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 119 DG DG NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 120 SANCO SANCO NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 121 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 122 2002 2002 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 123 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 124 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 125 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 126 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 127 EFSA EFSA NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 128 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 129 " " `` cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 130 Welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 131 aspects aspect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 132 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 133 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 134 stunning stunning JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 135 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 136 killing kill VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 137 methods method NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 138 " " '' cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 139 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 140 EFSA EFSA NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 141 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 142 2004b 2004b CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 143 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 368 144 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 369 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 369 2 relation relation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 369 3 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 369 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 369 5 food food NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 369 6 safety safety NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 369 7 aspects aspect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 369 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 369 9 main main JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 369 10 foodborne foodborne JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 369 11 hazards hazard NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 369 12 associated associate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 369 13 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 369 14 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 369 15 farming farming NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 369 16 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 369 17 Salmonella Salmonella NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 369 18 spp spp NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 369 19 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 370 1 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 370 2 human human JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 370 3 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 370 4 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 370 5 verotoxigenic verotoxigenic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 370 6 Escherichia escherichia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 370 7 coli coli NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 370 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 370 9 HP HP NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 370 10 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 370 11 VTEC VTEC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 370 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 370 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 370 14 thermophilic thermophilic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 370 15 Campylobacter Campylobacter NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 370 16 spp spp NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 370 17 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 371 1 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 371 2 Mycobacterium Mycobacterium NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 371 3 bovis bovis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 371 4 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 371 5 Taenia Taenia NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 371 6 saginata saginata NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 371 7 cysticercus cysticercus NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 371 8 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 371 9 Cryptosporidium Cryptosporidium NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 371 10 parvum parvum NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 371 11 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 371 12 Giardia Giardia NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 371 13 duodenalis duodenalis NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 371 14 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 372 1 Present present JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 372 2 knowledge knowledge NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 372 3 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 372 4 published publish VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 372 5 data datum NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 372 6 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 372 7 insufficient insufficient JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 372 8 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 372 9 produce produce VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 372 10 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 372 11 universal universal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 372 12 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 372 13 assessment assessment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 372 14 enabling enable VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 372 15 quantitative quantitative JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 372 16 food food NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 372 17 safety safety NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 372 18 categorization categorization NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 372 19 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 372 20 ranking ranking NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 372 21 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 372 22 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 372 23 types type NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 372 24 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 372 25 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 372 26 farming farming NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 372 27 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 372 28 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 373 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 373 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 373 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 373 4 main main JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 373 5 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 373 6 factors factor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 373 7 contributing contribute VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 373 8 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 373 9 increased increase VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 373 10 prevalence prevalence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 373 11 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 373 12 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 373 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 373 14 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 373 15 above above JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 373 16 foodborne foodborne JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 373 17 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 373 18 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 373 19 as as RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 373 20 well well RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 373 21 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 373 22 generic generic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 373 23 principles principle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 373 24 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 373 25 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 373 26 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 373 27 reductions reduction NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 373 28 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 373 29 known know VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 373 30 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 374 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 374 2 latter latter JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 374 3 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 374 4 based base VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 374 5 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 374 6 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 374 7 implementation implementation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 374 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 374 9 effective effective JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 374 10 farm farm NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 374 11 management management NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 374 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 374 13 e.g. e.g. RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 374 14 QA QA NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 374 15 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 374 16 husbandry husbandry NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 374 17 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 374 18 herd herd NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 374 19 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 374 20 plans plan NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 374 21 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 374 22 biosecurity biosecurity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 374 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 374 24 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 374 25 hygiene hygiene NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 374 26 measures measure NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 374 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 374 28 e.g. e.g. IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 374 29 GFP GFP NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 374 30 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 374 31 GHP GHP NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 374 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 374 33 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 375 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 375 2 general general JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 375 3 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 375 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 375 5 conclusions conclusion NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 375 6 made make VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 375 7 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 375 8 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 375 9 previous previous JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 375 10 SVC SVC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 375 11 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 375 12 remain remain VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 375 13 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 376 1 However however RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 376 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 376 3 recent recent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 376 4 research research NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 376 5 has have VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 376 6 provided provide VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 376 7 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 376 8 some some DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 376 9 additional additional JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 376 10 conclusions conclusion NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 376 11 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 377 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 377 2 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 377 3 analysis analysis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 377 4 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 377 5 presented present VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 377 6 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 377 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 377 8 Tables Tables NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 377 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 377 10 Annex Annex NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 377 11 2 2 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 377 12 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 378 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 378 2 Graphics Graphics NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 378 3 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 378 4 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 378 5 table table NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 378 6 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 378 7 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 378 8 intented intente VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 378 9 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 378 10 represent represent VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 378 11 numerical numerical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 378 12 relationships relationship NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 378 13 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 378 14 rather rather RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 378 15 qualitative qualitative JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 378 16 relations relation NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 378 17 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 379 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 379 2 some some DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 379 3 instances instance NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 379 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 379 5 exposure exposure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 379 6 could could MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 379 7 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 379 8 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 379 9 estimated estimate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 379 10 due due IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 379 11 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 379 12 lack lack NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 379 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 379 14 data datum NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 379 15 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 379 16 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 379 17 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 379 18 cases case VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 379 19 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 379 20 risks risk NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 379 21 where where WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 379 22 labelled label VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 379 23 " " `` cord-009694-e59kuwf1 379 24 exposure exposure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 379 25 data datum NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 379 26 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 379 27 available available JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 379 28 " " '' cord-009694-e59kuwf1 379 29 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 2 following follow VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 3 major major JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 4 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 5 minor minor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 6 risks risk NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 7 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 8 poor poor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 9 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 10 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 11 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 12 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 13 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 14 been be VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 15 identified identify VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 16 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 17 one one CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 18 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 19 several several JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 20 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 21 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 22 various various JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 23 husbandry husbandry NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 24 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 25 considered consider VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 26 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 27 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 28 hazards hazard NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 29 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 30 iron iron NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 31 deficiency deficiency NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 32 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 33 insufficient insufficient JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 34 floor floor NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 35 space space NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 36 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 37 considered consider VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 38 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 39 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 40 very very RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 41 serious serious JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 42 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 43 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 44 hazard hazard NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 45 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 46 inadequate inadequate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 47 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 48 monitoring monitoring NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 49 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 50 considered consider VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 51 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 52 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 53 serious serious JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 54 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 55 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 56 hazards hazard NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 57 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 58 exposure exposure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 59 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 60 inadequate inadequate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 61 hemoglobin hemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 62 monitoring monitoring NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 63 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 64 allergenic allergenic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 65 proteins protein NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 66 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 67 too too RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 68 rich rich JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 69 diet diet NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 70 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 71 considered consider VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 72 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 73 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 74 moderately moderately RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 75 serious serious JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 380 76 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 381 1 For for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 381 2 these these DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 381 3 hazards hazard NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 381 4 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 381 5 there there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 381 6 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 381 7 no no DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 381 8 consensus consensus NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 381 9 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 381 10 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 381 11 exposure exposure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 381 12 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 381 13 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 381 14 mainly mainly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 381 15 due due JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 381 16 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 381 17 lack lack NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 381 18 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 381 19 data datum NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 381 20 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 381 21 that that DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 381 22 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 381 23 why why WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 381 24 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 381 25 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 381 26 recommended recommend VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 381 27 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 381 28 further further JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 381 29 studies study NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 381 30 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 381 31 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 381 32 made make VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 381 33 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 381 34 provide provide VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 381 35 evidence evidence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 381 36 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 381 37 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 381 38 exposure exposure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 381 39 assessment assessment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 381 40 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 382 1 Regarding regard VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 382 2 castration castration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 382 3 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 382 4 dehorning dehorning NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 382 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 382 6 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 382 7 disbudding disbud VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 382 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 382 9 without without IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 382 10 anaesthetic anaesthetic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 382 11 drugs drug NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 382 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 382 13 there there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 382 14 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 382 15 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 382 16 variation variation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 382 17 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 382 18 relation relation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 382 19 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 382 20 national national JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 382 21 legislation legislation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 382 22 why why WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 382 23 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 382 24 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 382 25 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 382 26 poor poor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 382 27 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 382 28 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 382 29 relation relation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 382 30 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 382 31 castration castration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 382 32 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 382 33 dehorning dehorning NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 382 34 has have VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 382 35 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 382 36 wide wide JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 382 37 range range NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 382 38 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 382 39 countries country NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 382 40 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 383 1 Tables table NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 383 2 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 383 3 clarify clarify VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 383 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 383 5 Risk Risk NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 383 6 Assessment Assessment NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 383 7 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 383 8 been be VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 383 9 included include VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 383 10 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 383 11 Annex Annex NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 383 12 2 2 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 383 13 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 384 1 Calf calf VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 384 2 A a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 384 3 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 384 4 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 384 5 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 384 6 young young JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 384 7 bovine bovine NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 384 8 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 384 9 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 384 10 significantly significantly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 384 11 younger young JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 384 12 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 384 13 smaller small JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 384 14 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 384 15 size size NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 384 16 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 384 17 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 384 18 adult adult NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 384 19 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 384 20 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 384 21 same same JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 384 22 species specie NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 384 23 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 384 24 breed breed NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 384 25 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 384 26 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 384 27 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 384 28 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 384 29 reproductively reproductively RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 384 30 active active JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 384 31 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 385 1 There there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 385 2 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 385 3 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 385 4 gradual gradual JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 385 5 transition transition NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 385 6 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 385 7 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 385 8 newborn newborn JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 385 9 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 385 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 385 11 dependent dependent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 385 12 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 385 13 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 385 14 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 385 15 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 385 16 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 385 17 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 385 18 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 385 19 many many JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 385 20 adult adult NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 385 21 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 385 22 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 386 1 Few few JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 386 2 people people NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 386 3 would would MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 386 4 use use VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 386 5 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 386 6 term term NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 386 7 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 386 8 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 386 9 domestic domestic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 386 10 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 386 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 386 12 10 10 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 386 13 -12 -12 NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 386 14 months month NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 386 15 whilst whilst IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 386 16 most most JJS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 386 17 would would MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 386 18 call call VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 386 19 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 386 20 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 386 21 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 386 22 5 5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 386 23 months month NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 386 24 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 386 25 somewhat somewhat RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 386 26 older old JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 386 27 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 386 28 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 386 29 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 387 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 387 2 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 387 3 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 387 4 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 387 5 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 387 6 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 387 7 used use VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 387 8 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 387 9 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 387 10 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 387 11 up up IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 387 12 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 387 13 8 8 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 387 14 months month NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 387 15 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 387 16 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 387 17 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 388 1 However however RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 388 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 388 3 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 388 4 deciding decide VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 388 5 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 388 6 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 388 7 end end NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 388 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 388 9 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 388 10 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 388 11 stage stage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 388 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 388 13 any any DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 388 14 definition definition NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 388 15 based base VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 388 16 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 388 17 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 388 18 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 388 19 weight weight NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 388 20 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 388 21 arbitrary arbitrary JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 388 22 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 389 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 389 2 term term NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 389 3 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 389 4 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 389 5 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 389 6 normally normally RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 389 7 restricted restrict VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 389 8 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 389 9 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 389 10 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 389 11 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 389 12 unweaned unweane VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 389 13 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 389 14 monogastric monogastric JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 389 15 rather rather RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 389 16 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 389 17 having have VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 389 18 some some DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 389 19 degree degree NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 389 20 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 389 21 development development NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 389 22 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 389 23 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 389 24 rumen rumen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 389 25 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 389 26 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 389 27 specialist specialist NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 389 28 function function NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 389 29 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 390 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 390 2 removal removal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 390 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 390 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 390 5 horn horn NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 390 6 bud bud NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 390 7 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 390 8 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 390 9 actual actual JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 390 10 horn horn NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 390 11 depending depend VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 390 12 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 390 13 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 390 14 breed breed NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 390 15 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 390 16 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 390 17 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 390 18 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 390 19 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 390 20 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 390 21 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 391 1 Endotoxin Endotoxin NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 391 2 Unit Unit NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 392 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 392 2 EU EU NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 392 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 392 4 Endotoxin endotoxin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 392 5 activity activity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 392 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 392 7 0.2 0.2 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 392 8 ng ng NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 392 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 392 10 Reference Reference NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 392 11 Endotoxin Endotoxin NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 392 12 Standard Standard NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 392 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 392 14 EC-2 EC-2 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 392 15 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 392 16 5 5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 392 17 EU EU NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 392 18 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 392 19 ng ng NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 392 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 392 21 FDA FDA NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 392 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 392 23 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 393 1 To to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 393 2 convert convert VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 393 3 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 393 4 EU EU NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 393 5 's 's POS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 393 6 into into IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 393 7 ng ng NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 393 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 393 9 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 393 10 conversion conversion NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 393 11 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 393 12 10 10 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 393 13 EU EU NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 393 14 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 393 15 ng ng NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 393 16 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 394 1 A a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 394 2 process process NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 394 3 where where WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 394 4 water water NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 394 5 bodies body NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 394 6 receive receive VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 394 7 excess excess JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 394 8 nutrients nutrient NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 394 9 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 394 10 stimulate stimulate VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 394 11 excessive excessive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 394 12 plant plant NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 394 13 growth growth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 394 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 394 15 i.e. i.e. FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 394 16 water water NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 394 17 pollution pollution NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 394 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 394 19 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 395 1 Intensively intensively RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 395 2 reared rear VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 395 3 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 395 4 A a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 395 5 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 395 6 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 395 7 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 395 8 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 395 9 kept keep VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 395 10 extensively extensively RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 395 11 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 395 12 pasture pasture NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 395 13 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 1 According accord VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 2 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 4 Council Council NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 5 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 6 Europe Europe NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 7 European European NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 8 Convention Convention NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 9 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 10 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 11 Protection Protection NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 12 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 13 Animals Animals NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 14 kept keep VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 15 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 16 Farming farming NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 17 Purposes purpose NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 18 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 20 Chapter chapter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 21 I I NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 22 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 23 Article article NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 24 1 1 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 26 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 27 " " `` cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 28 modern modern JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 29 intensive intensive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 30 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 31 farming farming NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 32 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 33 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 34 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 35 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 36 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 37 mainly mainly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 38 technical technical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 39 facilities facility NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 40 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 41 used use VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 42 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 43 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 44 primarily primarily RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 45 operated operate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 46 automatically automatically RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 47 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 48 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 49 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 50 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 51 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 52 depend depend VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 53 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 54 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 55 care care NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 56 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 57 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 58 supply supply NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 59 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 60 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 61 farmer farmer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 62 " " '' cord-009694-e59kuwf1 396 63 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 397 1 NSAID NSAID NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 397 2 Non non JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 397 3 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 397 4 steroidal steroidal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 397 5 anti anti JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 397 6 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 397 7 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 397 8 drug drug NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 397 9 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 398 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 398 2 process process NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 398 3 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 398 4 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 398 5 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 398 6 mother mother NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 398 7 mammal mammal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 398 8 allows allow VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 398 9 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 398 10 young young JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 398 11 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 398 12 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 398 13 obtain obtain VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 398 14 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 398 15 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 398 16 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 398 17 teats teat NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 398 18 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 399 1 Odds odd NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 399 2 ratio ratio NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 399 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 399 4 OR or NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 399 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 400 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 400 2 odds odd NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 400 3 ratio ratio NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 400 4 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 400 5 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 400 6 measure measure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 400 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 400 8 effect effect NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 400 9 size size NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 400 10 particularly particularly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 400 11 important important JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 400 12 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 400 13 Bayesian bayesian JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 400 14 statistics statistic NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 400 15 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 400 16 logistic logistic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 400 17 regression regression NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 400 18 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 401 1 Infection infection NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 401 2 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 401 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 401 4 navel navel NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 401 5 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 402 1 Meat meat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 402 2 produced produce VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 402 3 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 402 4 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 402 5 slaughtered slaughter VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 402 6 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 402 7 28 28 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 402 8 - - SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 402 9 40 40 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 402 10 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 402 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 402 12 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 402 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 402 14 supplied supply VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 402 15 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 402 16 roughage roughage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 402 17 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 402 18 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 402 19 least least RBS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 402 20 2 2 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 402 21 months month NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 402 22 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 402 23 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 402 24 onwards onwards RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 402 25 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 403 1 There there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 403 2 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 403 3 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 403 4 any any DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 403 5 classification classification NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 403 6 system system NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 403 7 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 403 8 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 403 9 carcasses carcass NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 403 10 agreed agree VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 403 11 across across IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 403 12 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 403 13 EU EU NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 403 14 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 404 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 404 2 only only JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 404 3 existing exist VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 404 4 classification classification NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 404 5 system system NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 404 6 would would MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 404 7 rather rather RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 404 8 relate relate VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 404 9 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 404 10 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 404 11 general general JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 404 12 beef beef NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 404 13 carcass carcass NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 404 14 classification classification NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 404 15 system system NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 404 16 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 404 17 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 404 18 comprises comprise VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 404 19 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 404 20 following follow VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 404 21 5 5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 404 22 categories category NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 404 23 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 405 1 However however RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 405 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 405 3 these these DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 405 4 categories category NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 405 5 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 405 6 valid valid JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 405 7 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 405 8 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 405 9 having have VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 405 10 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 405 11 live live JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 405 12 weight weight NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 405 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 405 14 more more JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 405 15 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 405 16 300 300 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 405 17 kg kg NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 405 18 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 406 1 Consequently consequently RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 406 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 406 3 some some DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 406 4 member member NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 406 5 states state NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 406 6 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 406 7 issued issue VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 406 8 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 406 9 own own JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 406 10 national national JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 406 11 schemes scheme NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 406 12 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 406 13 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 406 14 carcass carcass NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 406 15 classification classification NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 406 16 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 407 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 407 2 trade trade NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 407 3 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 407 4 there there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 407 5 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 407 6 agreement agreement NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 407 7 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 407 8 importing import VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 407 9 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 407 10 exporting export VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 407 11 countries country NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 407 12 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 407 13 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 407 14 originates originate VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 407 15 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 407 16 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 407 17 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 407 18 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 407 19 fed feed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 407 20 predominantly predominantly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 407 21 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 407 22 replacers replacer NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 407 23 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 407 24 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 407 25 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 407 26 displays display VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 407 27 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 407 28 light light JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 407 29 colour colour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 407 30 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 408 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 408 2 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 408 3 limit limit NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 408 4 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 408 5 around around RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 408 6 8 8 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 408 7 months month NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 408 8 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 409 1 Some some DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 409 2 countries country NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 409 3 such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 409 4 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 409 5 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 409 6 Netherlands Netherlands NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 409 7 market market NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 409 8 meat meat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 409 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 409 10 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 409 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 409 12 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 409 13 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 409 14 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 409 15 12 12 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 409 16 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 409 17 14 14 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 409 18 months month NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 409 19 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 409 20 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 409 21 pink pink JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 409 22 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 409 23 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 410 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 410 2 EU EU NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 410 3 subsidies subsidy NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 410 4 scheme scheme NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 410 5 represents represent VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 410 6 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 410 7 important important JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 410 8 incentive incentive NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 410 9 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 410 10 pink pink JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 410 11 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 410 12 production production NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 410 13 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 411 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 411 2 determination determination NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 411 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 411 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 411 5 relationship relationship NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 411 6 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 411 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 411 8 magnitude magnitude NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 411 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 411 10 exposure exposure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 411 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 411 12 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 411 13 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 411 14 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 411 15 certain certain JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 411 16 hazards hazard NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 411 17 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 411 18 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 411 19 severity severity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 411 20 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 411 21 frequency frequency NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 411 22 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 411 23 associated associated JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 411 24 adverse adverse JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 411 25 effects effect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 411 26 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 411 27 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 411 28 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 411 29 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 412 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 412 2 quantitative quantitative JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 412 3 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 412 4 qualitative qualitative JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 412 5 evaluation evaluation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 412 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 412 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 412 8 likelihood likelihood NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 412 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 412 10 hazards hazard NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 412 11 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 412 12 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 412 13 occurring occur VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 412 14 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 412 15 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 412 16 given give VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 412 17 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 412 18 population population NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 412 19 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 413 1 Any any DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 413 2 factor factor NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 413 3 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 413 4 occurring occur VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 413 5 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 413 6 birth birth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 413 7 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 413 8 slaughter slaughter VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 413 9 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 413 10 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 413 11 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 413 12 potential potential NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 413 13 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 413 14 cause cause VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 413 15 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 413 16 adverse adverse JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 413 17 effect effect NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 413 18 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 413 19 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 413 20 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 413 21 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 414 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 414 2 qualitative qualitative JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 414 3 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 414 4 quantitative quantitative JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 414 5 evaluation evaluation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 414 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 414 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 414 8 nature nature NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 414 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 414 10 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 414 11 adverse adverse JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 414 12 effects effect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 414 13 associated associate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 414 14 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 414 15 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 414 16 hazard hazard NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 414 17 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 415 1 Considering consider VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 415 2 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 415 3 scope scope NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 415 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 415 5 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 415 6 exercise exercise NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 415 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 415 8 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 415 9 working working NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 415 10 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 415 11 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 415 12 concerns concern NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 415 13 relate relate VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 415 14 exclusively exclusively RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 415 15 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 415 16 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 415 17 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 415 18 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 416 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 416 2 identification identification NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 416 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 416 4 any any DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 416 5 factor factor NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 416 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 416 7 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 416 8 birth birth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 416 9 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 416 10 slaughter slaughter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 416 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 416 12 capable capable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 416 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 416 14 causing cause VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 416 15 adverse adverse JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 416 16 effects effect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 416 17 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 416 18 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 416 19 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 416 20 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 417 1 A a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 417 2 function function NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 417 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 417 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 417 5 probability probability NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 417 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 417 7 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 417 8 adverse adverse JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 417 9 effect effect NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 417 10 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 417 11 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 417 12 severity severity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 417 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 417 14 that that DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 417 15 effect effect NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 417 16 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 417 17 consequent consequent NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 417 18 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 417 19 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 417 20 hazard hazard NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 417 21 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 417 22 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 417 23 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 417 24 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 418 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 418 2 process process NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 418 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 418 4 determining determine VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 418 5 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 418 6 qualitative qualitative JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 418 7 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 418 8 quantitative quantitative JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 418 9 estimation estimation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 418 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 418 11 including include VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 418 12 attendant attendant NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 418 13 uncertainties uncertainty NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 418 14 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 418 15 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 418 16 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 418 17 probability probability NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 418 18 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 418 19 occurrence occurrence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 418 20 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 418 21 severity severity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 418 22 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 418 23 known know VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 418 24 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 418 25 potential potential JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 418 26 adverse adverse JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 418 27 effects effect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 418 28 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 418 29 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 418 30 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 418 31 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 418 32 given give VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 418 33 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 418 34 population population NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 418 35 based base VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 418 36 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 418 37 hazard hazard NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 418 38 identification identification NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 418 39 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 418 40 hazard hazard NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 418 41 characterisation characterisation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 418 42 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 418 43 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 418 44 exposure exposure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 418 45 assessment assessment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 418 46 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 419 1 Unaltered unaltered JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 419 2 remain remain VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 419 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 419 4 following follow VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 419 5 CAC CAC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 419 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 419 7 Codex Codex NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 419 8 Alimentarius Alimentarius NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 419 9 Commission Commission NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 419 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 419 11 definitions definition NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 419 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 420 1 Note note VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 420 2 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 420 3 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 420 4 completeness completeness NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 420 5 ALL all DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 420 6 definitions definition NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 420 7 used use VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 420 8 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 420 9 CAC CAC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 420 10 -while -while : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 420 11 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 420 12 necessarily necessarily RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 420 13 used use VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 420 14 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 420 15 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 420 16 document document NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 420 17 -have -have : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 420 18 been be VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 420 19 included include VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 420 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 420 21 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 421 1 A a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 421 2 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 421 3 assessment assessment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 421 4 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 421 5 provides provide VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 421 6 numerical numerical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 421 7 expressions expression NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 421 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 421 9 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 421 10 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 421 11 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 421 12 indication indication NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 421 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 421 14 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 421 15 attendant attendant NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 421 16 uncertainties uncertainty NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 421 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 421 18 stated state VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 421 19 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 421 20 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 421 21 1995 1995 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 421 22 expert expert NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 421 23 consultation consultation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 421 24 definition definition NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 421 25 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 421 26 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 421 27 analysis analysis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 421 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 421 29 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 422 1 A a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 422 2 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 422 3 assessment assessment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 422 4 based base VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 422 5 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 422 6 data datum NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 422 7 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 422 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 422 9 while while IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 422 10 forming form VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 422 11 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 422 12 inadequate inadequate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 422 13 basis basis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 422 14 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 422 15 numerical numerical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 422 16 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 422 17 estimations estimation NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 422 18 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 422 19 nevertheless nevertheless RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 422 20 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 422 21 when when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 422 22 conditioned condition VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 422 23 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 422 24 prior prior JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 422 25 expert expert JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 422 26 knowledge knowledge NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 422 27 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 422 28 identification identification NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 422 29 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 422 30 attendant attendant JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 422 31 uncertainties uncertainty NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 422 32 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 422 33 permits permit VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 422 34 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 422 35 ranking ranking NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 422 36 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 422 37 separation separation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 422 38 into into IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 422 39 descriptive descriptive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 422 40 categories category NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 422 41 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 422 42 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 422 43 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 423 1 A a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 423 2 process process NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 423 3 consisting consist VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 423 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 423 5 three three CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 423 6 components component NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 423 7 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 423 8 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 423 9 assessment assessment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 423 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 423 11 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 423 12 management management NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 423 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 423 14 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 423 15 communication communication NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 423 16 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 424 1 A a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 424 2 scientifically scientifically RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 424 3 based base VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 424 4 process process NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 424 5 consisting consist VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 424 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 424 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 424 8 following following JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 424 9 steps step NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 424 10 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 424 11 i i LS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 424 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 424 13 hazard hazard NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 424 14 identification identification NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 424 15 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 424 16 ii ii LS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 424 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 424 18 hazard hazard NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 424 19 characterisation characterisation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 424 20 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 424 21 iii iii LS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 424 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 424 23 exposure exposure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 424 24 assessment assessment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 424 25 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 424 26 iv iv LS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 424 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 424 28 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 424 29 characterisation characterisation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 424 30 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 425 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 425 2 interactive interactive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 425 3 exchange exchange NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 425 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 425 5 information information NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 425 6 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 425 7 opinions opinion NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 425 8 concerning concern VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 425 9 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 425 10 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 425 11 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 425 12 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 425 13 management management NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 425 14 among among IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 425 15 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 425 16 assessors assessor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 425 17 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 425 18 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 425 19 managers manager NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 425 20 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 425 21 consumers consumer NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 425 22 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 425 23 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 425 24 interested interested JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 425 25 parties party NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 425 26 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 426 1 Output output NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 426 2 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 426 3 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 426 4 characterisation characterisation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 426 5 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 427 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 427 2 process process NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 427 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 427 4 weighing weigh VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 427 5 policy policy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 427 6 alternatives alternative NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 427 7 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 427 8 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 427 9 light light NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 427 10 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 427 11 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 427 12 results result NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 427 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 427 14 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 427 15 assessment assessment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 427 16 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 427 17 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 427 18 if if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 427 19 required require VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 427 20 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 427 21 selecting select VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 427 22 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 427 23 implementing implement VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 427 24 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 427 25 control control NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 427 26 options option NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 427 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 427 28 i.e. i.e. FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 427 29 prevention prevention NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 427 30 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 427 31 elimination elimination NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 427 32 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 427 33 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 427 34 reduction reduction NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 427 35 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 427 36 hazards hazard NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 427 37 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 428 1 /or /or : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 428 2 minimization minimization NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 428 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 428 4 risks risk NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 428 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 428 6 options option NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 428 7 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 428 8 including include VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 428 9 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 428 10 measures measure NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 428 11 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 429 1 A a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 429 2 method method NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 429 3 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 429 4 examine examine VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 429 5 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 429 6 behaviour behaviour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 429 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 429 8 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 429 9 model model NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 429 10 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 429 11 measuring measure VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 429 12 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 429 13 variation variation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 429 14 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 429 15 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 429 16 outputs output NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 429 17 resulting result VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 429 18 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 429 19 changes change NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 429 20 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 429 21 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 429 22 inputs input NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 429 23 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 430 1 Characteristics characteristic NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 430 2 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 430 3 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 430 4 process process NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 430 5 where where WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 430 6 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 430 7 rationale rationale NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 430 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 430 9 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 430 10 logic logic NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 430 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 430 12 development development NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 430 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 430 14 constraints constraint NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 430 15 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 430 16 assumptions assumption NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 430 17 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 430 18 value value NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 430 19 judgements judgement NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 430 20 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 430 21 decisions decision NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 430 22 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 430 23 limitations limitation NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 430 24 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 430 25 uncertainties uncertainty NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 430 26 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 430 27 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 430 28 expressed express VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 430 29 determination determination NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 430 30 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 430 31 fully fully RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 430 32 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 430 33 systematically systematically RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 430 34 stated state VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 430 35 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 430 36 documented document VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 430 37 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 430 38 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 430 39 accessible accessible JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 430 40 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 430 41 review review NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 430 42 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 431 1 A a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 431 2 method method NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 431 3 used use VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 431 4 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 431 5 estimate estimate VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 431 6 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 431 7 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 431 8 associated associate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 431 9 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 431 10 model model NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 431 11 inputs input NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 431 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 431 13 assumptions assumption NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 431 14 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 431 15 structure structure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 431 16 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 431 17 form form NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 431 18 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 432 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 432 2 process process NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 432 3 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 432 4 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 432 5 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 432 6 young young JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 432 7 mammal mammal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 432 8 obtains obtain VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 432 9 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 432 10 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 432 11 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 432 12 teat teat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 432 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 432 14 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 432 15 mother mother NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 432 16 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 432 17 another another DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 432 18 lactating lactate VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 432 19 female female NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 432 20 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 432 21 sucking suck VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 432 22 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 433 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 433 2 term term NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 433 3 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 433 4 refers refer VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 433 5 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 433 6 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 433 7 meat meat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 433 8 produced produce VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 433 9 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 433 10 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 433 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 433 12 principally principally RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 433 13 those those DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 433 14 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 433 15 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 433 16 species specie NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 433 17 Bos Bos NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 433 18 taurus taurus NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 433 19 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 433 20 Bos Bos NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 433 21 indicus indicus NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 433 22 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 434 1 There there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 434 2 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 434 3 several several JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 434 4 meat meat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 434 5 products product NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 434 6 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 434 7 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 434 8 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 435 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 435 2 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 435 3 generally generally RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 435 4 distinguished distinguish VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 435 5 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 435 6 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 435 7 colour colour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 435 8 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 435 9 " " `` cord-009694-e59kuwf1 435 10 pale pale JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 435 11 " " '' cord-009694-e59kuwf1 435 12 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 435 13 " " `` cord-009694-e59kuwf1 435 14 white white JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 435 15 " " '' cord-009694-e59kuwf1 435 16 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 435 17 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 435 18 generally generally RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 435 19 produced produce VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 435 20 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 435 21 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 435 22 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 435 23 under under IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 435 24 6 6 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 435 25 months month NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 435 26 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 435 27 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 435 28 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 435 29 fed feed VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 435 30 mostly mostly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 435 31 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 435 32 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 435 33 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 435 34 replacer replacer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 435 35 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 435 36 " " `` cord-009694-e59kuwf1 435 37 pink pink JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 435 38 " " '' cord-009694-e59kuwf1 435 39 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 435 40 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 435 41 generally generally RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 435 42 produced produce VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 435 43 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 435 44 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 435 45 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 435 46 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 435 47 up up IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 435 48 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 435 49 8 8 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 435 50 months month NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 435 51 fed feed VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 435 52 larger large JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 435 53 amounts amount NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 435 54 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 435 55 solid solid JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 435 56 foods food NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 435 57 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 435 58 possibly possibly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 435 59 weaned wean VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 435 60 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 436 1 Meat meat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 436 2 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 436 3 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 436 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 436 5 8 8 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 436 6 - - SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 436 7 12 12 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 436 8 months month NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 436 9 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 436 10 called call VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 436 11 young young JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 436 12 beef beef NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 436 13 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 437 1 Weaning wean VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 437 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 437 3 weaned wean VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 437 4 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 437 5 mammals mammal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 437 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 437 7 weaning wean VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 437 8 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 437 9 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 437 10 gradual gradual JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 437 11 process process NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 437 12 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 437 13 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 437 14 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 437 15 young young JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 437 16 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 437 17 receives receive VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 437 18 less less JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 437 19 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 437 20 less less JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 437 21 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 437 22 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 437 23 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 437 24 dam dam NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 437 25 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 437 26 consumes consume VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 437 27 more more JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 437 28 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 437 29 more more RBR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 437 30 solid solid JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 437 31 food food NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 437 32 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 438 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 438 2 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 438 3 accompanied accompany VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 438 4 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 438 5 changes change NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 438 6 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 438 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 438 8 dam dam JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 438 9 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 438 10 offspring offspring NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 438 11 relation relation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 438 12 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 439 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 439 2 farming farming NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 439 3 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 439 4 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 439 5 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 439 6 often often RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 439 7 separated separate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 439 8 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 439 9 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 439 10 dams dam NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 439 11 soon soon RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 439 12 after after IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 439 13 birth birth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 439 14 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 439 15 receive receive VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 439 16 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 439 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 439 18 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 439 19 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 439 20 replacer replacer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 439 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 439 22 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 439 23 humans human NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 439 24 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 439 25 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 439 26 machine machine NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 439 27 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 440 1 Although although IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 440 2 separated separate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 440 3 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 440 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 440 5 dam dam NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 440 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 440 7 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 440 8 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 440 9 considered consider VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 440 10 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 440 11 un un NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 440 12 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 440 13 weaned wean VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 440 14 as as RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 440 15 long long RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 440 16 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 440 17 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 440 18 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 440 19 fed feed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 440 20 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 440 21 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 441 1 Suckler suckler JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 441 2 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 441 3 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 441 4 left leave VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 441 5 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 441 6 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 441 7 dam dam NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 441 8 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 441 9 some some DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 441 10 months month NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 441 11 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 441 12 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 441 13 generally generally RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 441 14 weaned wean VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 441 15 some some DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 441 16 time time NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 441 17 before before IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 441 18 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 441 19 next next JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 441 20 calving calving NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 441 21 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 441 22 separating separate VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 441 23 them -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 441 24 suddenly suddenly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 441 25 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 441 26 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 441 27 dam dam NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 441 28 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 442 1 Calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 442 2 normally normally RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 442 3 commence commence VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 442 4 eating eat VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 442 5 solid solid JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 442 6 food food NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 442 7 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 442 8 2 2 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 442 9 - - SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 442 10 3 3 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 442 11 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 442 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 442 13 although although IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 442 14 some some DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 442 15 start start VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 442 16 earlier early RBR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 442 17 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 442 18 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 442 19 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 442 20 eat eat VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 442 21 enough enough JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 442 22 solid solid JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 442 23 food food NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 442 24 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 442 25 development development NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 442 26 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 442 27 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 442 28 functional functional JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 442 29 rumen rumen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 442 30 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 442 31 start start VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 442 32 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 442 33 about about RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 442 34 6 6 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 442 35 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 442 36 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 442 37 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 442 38 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 443 1 A a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 443 2 weaned wean VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 443 3 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 443 4 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 443 5 one one CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 443 6 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 443 7 no no RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 443 8 longer longer RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 443 9 needs need VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 443 10 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 443 11 suckle suckle VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 443 12 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 443 13 so so RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 443 14 does do VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 443 15 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 443 16 consume consume VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 443 17 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 443 18 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 443 19 any any DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 443 20 significant significant JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 443 21 quantity quantity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 443 22 indicating indicate VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 443 23 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 443 24 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 443 25 weaning weaning NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 443 26 process process NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 443 27 has have VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 443 28 finished finish VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 443 29 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 1 Council Council NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 2 Directive Directive NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 3 91/629 91/629 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 4 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 5 EEC EEC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 6 1 1 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 7 laying lay VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 8 down down RP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 9 minimum minimum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 10 standards standard NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 11 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 12 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 13 protection protection NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 14 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 15 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 16 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 17 amended amend VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 18 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 19 Council Council NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 20 Directive Directive NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 21 97/2 97/2 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 22 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 23 EC EC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 24 2 2 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 25 requires require VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 26 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 27 Commission Commission NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 28 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 29 submit submit VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 30 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 31 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 32 Council Council NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 33 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 34 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 35 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 36 based base VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 37 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 38 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 39 scientific scientific JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 40 opinion opinion NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 41 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 42 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 43 intensive intensive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 44 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 45 farming farming NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 46 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 47 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 48 comply comply VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 49 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 50 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 51 requirements requirement NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 52 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 53 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 54 wellbeing wellbeing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 55 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 56 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 57 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 58 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 59 pathological pathological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 60 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 61 zootechnical zootechnical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 62 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 63 physiological physiological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 64 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 65 behavioural behavioural JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 66 points point NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 67 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 68 view view NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 444 69 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 445 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 445 2 Commission Commission NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 445 3 's 's POS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 445 4 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 445 5 will will MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 445 6 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 445 7 drawn draw VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 445 8 up up RP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 445 9 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 445 10 taking take VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 445 11 into into IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 445 12 account account NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 445 13 socio socio JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 445 14 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 445 15 economic economic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 445 16 implications implication NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 445 17 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 445 18 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 445 19 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 445 20 farming farming NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 445 21 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 445 22 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 446 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 446 2 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 446 3 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 446 4 noted note VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 446 5 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 446 6 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 446 7 Scientific Scientific NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 446 8 Veterinary Veterinary NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 446 9 Committee Committee NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 446 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 446 11 Animal Animal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 446 12 Welfare Welfare NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 446 13 Section Section NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 446 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 446 15 adopted adopt VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 446 16 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 446 17 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 446 18 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 446 19 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 446 20 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 446 21 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 446 22 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 446 23 3 3 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 446 24 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 446 25 9 9 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 446 26 November November NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 446 27 1995 1995 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 446 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 446 29 SVC SVC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 446 30 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 446 31 1995 1995 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 446 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 446 33 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 446 34 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 446 35 serve serve VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 446 36 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 446 37 background background NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 446 38 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 446 39 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 446 40 Commission Commission NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 446 41 's 's POS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 446 42 request request NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 446 43 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 446 44 preparation preparation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 446 45 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 446 46 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 446 47 new new JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 446 48 EFSA EFSA NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 446 49 scientific scientific JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 446 50 opinion opinion NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 446 51 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 447 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 447 2 particular particular JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 447 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 447 4 Commission Commission NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 447 5 requires require VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 447 6 EFSA EFSA NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 447 7 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 447 8 consider consider VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 447 9 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 447 10 need need NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 447 11 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 447 12 update update VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 447 13 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 447 14 findings finding NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 447 15 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 447 16 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 447 17 Scientific Scientific NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 447 18 Veterinary Veterinary NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 447 19 Committee Committee NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 447 20 's 's POS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 447 21 opinion opinion NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 447 22 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 447 23 light light NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 447 24 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 447 25 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 447 26 availability availability NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 447 27 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 447 28 more more JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 447 29 recent recent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 447 30 data datum NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 447 31 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 447 32 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 447 33 issue issue NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 447 34 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 448 1 Where where WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 448 2 relevant relevant JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 448 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 448 4 possible possible JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 448 5 food food NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 448 6 safety safety NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 448 7 implications implication NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 448 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 448 9 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 448 10 farming farming NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 448 11 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 448 12 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 448 13 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 448 14 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 448 15 considered consider VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 448 16 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 449 1 EFSA EFSA NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 449 2 has have VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 449 3 been be VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 449 4 requested request VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 449 5 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 449 6 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 449 7 European European NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 449 8 Commission Commission NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 449 9 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 449 10 issue issue VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 449 11 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 449 12 scientific scientific JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 449 13 opinion opinion NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 449 14 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 449 15 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 449 16 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 449 17 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 449 18 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 449 19 aspects aspect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 449 20 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 449 21 intensive intensive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 449 22 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 449 23 farming farming NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 449 24 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 449 25 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 449 26 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 449 27 ability ability NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 449 28 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 449 29 comply comply VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 449 30 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 449 31 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 449 32 requirements requirement NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 449 33 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 449 34 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 449 35 well well NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 449 36 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 449 37 being being NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 449 38 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 449 39 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 449 40 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 449 41 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 449 42 pathological pathological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 449 43 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 449 44 zootechnical zootechnical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 449 45 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 449 46 physiological physiological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 449 47 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 449 48 behavioural behavioural JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 449 49 points point NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 449 50 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 449 51 view view NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 449 52 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 450 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 450 2 particular particular JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 450 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 450 4 Commission Commission NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 450 5 requires require VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 450 6 EFSA EFSA NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 450 7 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 450 8 update update VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 450 9 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 450 10 findings finding NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 450 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 450 12 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 450 13 Scientific Scientific NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 450 14 Veterinary Veterinary NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 450 15 Committee Committee NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 450 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 450 17 Animal Animal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 450 18 Welfare Welfare NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 450 19 Section Section NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 450 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 450 21 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 450 22 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 450 23 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 450 24 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 450 25 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 450 26 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 450 27 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 450 28 9 9 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 450 29 November November NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 450 30 1995 1995 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 450 31 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 450 32 light light NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 450 33 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 450 34 more more JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 450 35 recent recent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 450 36 data datum NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 450 37 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 450 38 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 450 39 issue issue NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 450 40 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 451 1 Where where WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 451 2 relevant relevant JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 451 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 451 4 possible possible JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 451 5 food food NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 451 6 safety safety NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 451 7 implications implication NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 451 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 451 9 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 451 10 farming farming NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 451 11 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 451 12 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 451 13 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 451 14 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 451 15 considered consider VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 451 16 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 452 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 452 2 mandate mandate NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 452 3 outlined outline VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 452 4 above above RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 452 5 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 452 6 accepted accept VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 452 7 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 452 8 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 452 9 Panel Panel NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 452 10 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 452 11 Animal Animal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 452 12 Health Health NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 452 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 452 14 Welfare Welfare NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 452 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 452 16 AHAW AHAW NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 452 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 452 18 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 452 19 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 452 20 Plenary Plenary NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 452 21 Meeting Meeting NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 452 22 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 452 23 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 452 24 14/15 14/15 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 452 25 March March NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 452 26 2005 2005 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 452 27 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 453 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 453 2 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 453 3 decided decide VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 453 4 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 453 5 establish establish VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 453 6 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 453 7 Working Working NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 453 8 Group Group NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 453 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 453 10 AHAW AHAW NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 453 11 experts expert NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 453 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 453 13 WG WG NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 453 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 453 15 chaired chair VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 453 16 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 453 17 one one CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 453 18 Panel panel NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 453 19 member member NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 453 20 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 454 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 454 2 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 454 3 Plenary Plenary NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 454 4 entrusted entrust VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 454 5 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 454 6 scientific scientific JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 454 7 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 454 8 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 454 9 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 454 10 assessment assessment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 454 11 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 454 12 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 454 13 working work VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 454 14 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 454 15 under under IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 454 16 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 454 17 Chairmanship Chairmanship NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 454 18 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 454 19 Prof. Prof. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 454 20 Bo Bo NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 454 21 Algers Algers NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 454 22 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 455 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 455 2 members member NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 455 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 455 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 455 5 working work VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 455 6 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 455 7 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 455 8 listed list VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 455 9 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 455 10 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 455 11 end end NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 455 12 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 455 13 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 455 14 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 455 15 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 456 1 This this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 456 2 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 456 3 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 456 4 considered consider VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 456 5 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 456 6 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 456 7 discussion discussion NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 456 8 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 456 9 establish establish VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 456 10 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 456 11 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 456 12 assessment assessment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 456 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 456 14 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 456 15 relevant relevant JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 456 16 conclusions conclusion NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 456 17 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 456 18 recommendations recommendation NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 456 19 forming form VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 456 20 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 456 21 scientific scientific JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 456 22 opinion opinion NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 456 23 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 456 24 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 456 25 AHAW AHAW NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 456 26 Panel Panel NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 456 27 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 457 1 According accord VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 457 2 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 457 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 457 4 mandate mandate NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 457 5 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 457 6 EFSA EFSA NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 457 7 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 457 8 ethical ethical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 457 9 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 457 10 socio socio JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 457 11 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 457 12 economic economic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 457 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 457 14 cultural cultural JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 457 15 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 457 16 religious religious JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 457 17 aspects aspect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 457 18 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 457 19 outside outside IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 457 20 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 457 21 scope scope NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 457 22 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 457 23 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 457 24 scientific scientific JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 457 25 opinion opinion NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 457 26 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 458 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 458 2 1995 1995 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 458 3 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 458 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 458 5 Scientific Scientific NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 458 6 Veterinary Veterinary NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 458 7 Committee Committee NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 458 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 458 9 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 458 10 European European NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 458 11 Commission Commission NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 458 12 published publish VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 458 13 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 458 14 Report Report NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 458 15 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 458 16 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 458 17 Welfare Welfare NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 458 18 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 458 19 Calves Calves NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 458 20 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 459 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 459 2 SVC SVC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 459 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 459 4 1995 1995 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 459 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 459 6 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 459 7 contains contain VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 459 8 information information NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 459 9 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 459 10 measurements measurement NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 459 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 459 12 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 459 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 459 14 needs need NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 459 15 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 459 16 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 459 17 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 459 18 descriptions description NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 459 19 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 459 20 current current JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 459 21 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 459 22 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 459 23 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 459 24 chapters chapter NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 459 25 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 459 26 types type NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 459 27 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 459 28 feed feed NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 459 29 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 459 30 feeding feeding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 459 31 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 459 32 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 459 33 weaning weaning NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 459 34 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 459 35 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 459 36 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 459 37 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 459 38 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 459 39 pen pen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 459 40 design design NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 459 41 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 459 42 climate climate NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 459 43 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 459 44 mananimal mananimal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 459 45 relationships relationship NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 459 46 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 459 47 dehorning dehorning NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 459 48 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 459 49 castration castration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 459 50 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 460 1 Further further JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 460 2 chapters chapter NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 460 3 covered cover VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 460 4 economic economic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 460 5 considerations consideration NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 460 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 460 7 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 460 8 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 460 9 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 460 10 improving improve VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 460 11 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 460 12 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 461 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 461 2 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 461 3 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 461 4 conclusions conclusion NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 461 5 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 461 6 made make VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 461 7 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 461 8 general general JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 461 9 management management NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 461 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 461 11 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 461 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 461 13 food food NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 461 14 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 461 15 water water NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 461 16 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 461 17 economics economic NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 461 18 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 462 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 462 2 present present JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 462 3 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 462 4 " " `` cord-009694-e59kuwf1 462 5 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 462 6 risks risk NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 462 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 462 8 poor poor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 462 9 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 462 10 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 462 11 intensive intensive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 462 12 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 462 13 farming farming NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 462 14 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 462 15 " " '' cord-009694-e59kuwf1 462 16 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 462 17 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 462 18 update update NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 462 19 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 462 20 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 462 21 previous previous JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 462 22 SVC SVC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 462 23 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 462 24 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 462 25 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 462 26 exception exception NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 462 27 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 462 28 economic economic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 462 29 aspects aspect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 462 30 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 462 31 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 462 32 out out IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 462 33 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 462 34 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 462 35 mandate mandate NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 462 36 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 462 37 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 462 38 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 462 39 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 463 1 This this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 463 2 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 463 3 represents represent VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 463 4 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 463 5 update update NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 463 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 463 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 463 8 previous previous JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 463 9 SVC SVC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 463 10 Report Report NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 463 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 463 12 1995 1995 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 463 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 463 14 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 463 15 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 463 16 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 463 17 assessment assessment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 463 18 perspective perspective NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 463 19 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 464 1 Factors factor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 464 2 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 464 3 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 464 4 important important JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 464 5 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 464 6 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 464 7 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 464 8 include include VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 464 9 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 464 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 464 11 space space NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 464 12 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 464 13 pen pen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 464 14 design design NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 464 15 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 464 16 flooring flooring NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 464 17 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 464 18 bedding bedding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 464 19 material material NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 464 20 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 464 21 temperature temperature NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 464 22 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 464 23 ventilation ventilation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 464 24 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 464 25 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 464 26 hygiene hygiene NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 464 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 464 28 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 464 29 feeding feeding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 464 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 464 31 liquid liquid NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 464 32 feed feed NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 464 33 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 464 34 concentrates concentrate VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 464 35 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 464 36 roughage roughage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 464 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 464 38 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 464 39 management management NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 464 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 464 41 grouping grouping NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 464 42 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 464 43 weaning weaning NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 464 44 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 464 45 human human JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 464 46 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 464 47 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 464 48 relations relation NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 464 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 464 50 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 465 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 465 2 measures measure NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 465 3 used use VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 465 4 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 465 5 assess assess VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 465 6 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 465 7 include include VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 465 8 behavioural behavioural JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 465 9 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 465 10 physiological physiological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 465 11 measures measure NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 465 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 465 13 patho patho JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 465 14 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 465 15 physiological physiological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 465 16 measures measure NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 465 17 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 465 18 clinical clinical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 465 19 signs sign NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 465 20 as as RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 465 21 well well RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 465 22 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 465 23 production production NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 465 24 measures measure NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 465 25 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 466 1 As as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 466 2 explained explain VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 466 3 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 466 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 466 5 glossary glossary NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 466 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 466 7 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 466 8 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 466 9 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 466 10 young young JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 466 11 bovines bovine NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 466 12 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 466 13 called call VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 466 14 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 466 15 up up RP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 466 16 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 466 17 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 466 18 maximum maximum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 466 19 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 466 20 eight eight CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 466 21 months month NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 466 22 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 466 23 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 466 24 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 466 25 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 466 26 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 466 27 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 466 28 meat meat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 466 29 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 466 30 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 466 31 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 466 32 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 467 1 Countries country NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 467 2 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 467 3 substantial substantial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 467 4 production production NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 467 5 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 467 6 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 467 7 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 467 8 France France NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 467 9 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 467 10 Italy Italy NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 467 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 467 12 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 467 13 Netherlands Netherlands NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 467 14 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 467 15 Belgium Belgium NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 467 16 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 467 17 Spain Spain NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 467 18 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 467 19 Germany Germany NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 467 20 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 468 1 Significant significant JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 468 2 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 468 3 production production NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 468 4 exists exist VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 468 5 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 468 6 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 468 7 Portugal Portugal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 468 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 468 9 Austria Austria NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 468 10 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 468 11 Denmark Denmark NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 468 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 468 13 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 468 14 production production NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 468 15 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 468 16 white white JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 468 17 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 468 18 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 468 19 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 468 20 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 468 21 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 468 22 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 468 23 been be VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 468 24 fed feed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 468 25 predominantly predominantly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 468 26 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 468 27 replacer replacer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 468 28 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 468 29 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 468 30 has have VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 468 31 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 468 32 light light JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 468 33 colour colour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 468 34 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 468 35 takes take VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 468 36 place place NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 468 37 largely largely RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 468 38 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 468 39 France France NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 468 40 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 468 41 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 468 42 Netherlands Netherlands NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 468 43 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 468 44 Belgium Belgium NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 468 45 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 468 46 Italy Italy NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 468 47 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 469 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 469 2 EU EU NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 469 3 subsidies subsidy NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 469 4 scheme scheme NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 469 5 represents represent VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 469 6 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 469 7 important important JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 469 8 incentive incentive NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 469 9 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 469 10 pink pink JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 469 11 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 469 12 production production NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 469 13 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 470 1 Most Most JJS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 470 2 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 470 3 produced produce VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 470 4 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 470 5 further further JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 470 6 rearing rearing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 470 7 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 470 8 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 470 9 France France NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 470 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 470 11 Germany Germany NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 470 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 470 13 UK UK NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 470 14 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 470 15 Ireland Ireland NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 470 16 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 470 17 Italy Italy NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 470 18 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 471 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 471 2 ways way NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 471 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 471 4 keeping keep VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 471 5 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 471 6 vary vary VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 471 7 considerably considerably RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 471 8 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 471 9 country country NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 471 10 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 471 11 country country NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 471 12 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 471 13 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 471 14 breeds breed NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 471 15 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 472 1 Most Most JJS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 472 2 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 472 3 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 472 4 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 472 5 separated separate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 472 6 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 472 7 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 472 8 dam dam NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 472 9 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 472 10 birth birth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 472 11 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 472 12 artificially artificially RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 472 13 fed feed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 472 14 whereas whereas IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 472 15 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 472 16 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 472 17 beef beef NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 472 18 breeds breed NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 472 19 generally generally RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 472 20 suckle suckle VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 472 21 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 472 22 dam dam NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 472 23 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 473 1 According accord VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 473 2 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 473 3 EU EU NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 473 4 statistics statistic NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 473 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 473 6 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 473 7 2004 2004 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 473 8 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 473 9 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 473 10 EU EU NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 473 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 473 12 25 25 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 473 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 473 14 4,499,381 4,499,381 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 473 15 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 473 16 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 473 17 reared rear VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 473 18 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 473 19 slaughter slaughter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 473 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 473 21 Table table NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 473 22 1 1 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 473 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 473 24 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 473 25 20,630,237 20,630,237 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 473 26 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 473 27 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 473 28 reared rear VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 473 29 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 473 30 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 473 31 reasons reason NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 473 32 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 473 33 slaughter slaughter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 473 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 473 35 Table Table NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 473 36 2 2 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 473 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 473 38 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 474 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 474 2 total total NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 474 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 474 4 Table Table NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 474 5 3 3 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 474 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 474 7 755,226 755,226 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 474 8 tonnes tonne NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 474 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 474 10 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 474 11 meat meat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 474 12 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 474 13 produced produce VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 474 14 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 474 15 EU EU NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 474 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 474 17 15 15 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 474 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 474 19 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 474 20 probably probably RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 474 21 implies imply VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 474 22 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 474 23 about about RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 474 24 825,000 825,000 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 474 25 tonnes tonne NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 474 26 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 474 27 produced produce VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 474 28 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 474 29 EU EU NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 474 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 474 31 25 25 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 474 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 474 33 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 474 34 2004 2004 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 474 35 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 475 1 Human human JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 475 2 consumption consumption NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 475 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 475 4 meat meat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 475 5 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 475 6 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 475 7 decreased decrease VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 475 8 slightly slightly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 475 9 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 475 10 1995 1995 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 475 11 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 475 12 2001 2001 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 475 13 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 475 14 EU EU NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 475 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 475 16 15 15 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 475 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 476 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 476 2 Table table NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 476 3 4 4 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 476 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 476 5 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 477 1 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 478 1 item item NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 478 2 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 478 3 element element NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 478 4 selected select VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 478 5 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 478 6 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 478 7 EUROSTAT EUROSTAT NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 478 8 Database Database NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 478 9 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 478 10 make make VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 478 11 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 478 12 query query NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 478 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 478 14 extract extract VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 478 15 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 478 16 data datum NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 478 17 _SP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 479 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 479 2 working work VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 479 3 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 479 4 set set VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 479 5 out out RP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 479 6 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 479 7 produce produce VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 479 8 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 479 9 document document NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 479 10 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 479 11 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 479 12 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 479 13 various various JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 479 14 factors factor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 479 15 potentially potentially RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 479 16 affecting affect VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 479 17 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 479 18 ' ' POS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 479 19 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 479 20 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 479 21 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 479 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 479 23 already already RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 479 24 extensively extensively RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 479 25 listed list VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 479 26 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 479 27 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 479 28 1995 1995 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 479 29 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 479 30 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 479 31 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 479 32 Scientific Scientific NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 479 33 Veterinary Veterinary NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 479 34 Committee Committee NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 479 35 Animal Animal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 479 36 Welfare Welfare NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 479 37 section section NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 479 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 479 39 SVC SVC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 479 40 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 479 41 1995 1995 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 479 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 479 43 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 479 44 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 479 45 updated update VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 479 46 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 479 47 subsequently subsequently RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 479 48 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 479 49 systematically systematically RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 479 50 determine determine VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 479 51 whether whether IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 479 52 these these DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 479 53 factors factor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 479 54 constitute constitute VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 479 55 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 479 56 potential potential JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 479 57 hazard hazard NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 479 58 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 479 59 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 479 60 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 480 1 To to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 480 2 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 480 3 latter latter JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 480 4 end end VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 480 5 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 480 6 severity severity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 480 7 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 480 8 likelihood likelihood NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 480 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 480 10 occurrence occurrence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 480 11 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 480 12 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 480 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 480 14 sub sub NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 480 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 480 16 populations population NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 480 17 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 480 18 evaluated evaluate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 480 19 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 480 20 associated associate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 480 21 risks risk NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 480 22 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 480 23 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 480 24 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 480 25 estimated estimate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 480 26 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 480 27 hence hence RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 480 28 providing provide VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 480 29 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 480 30 basis basis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 480 31 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 480 32 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 480 33 managers manager NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 480 34 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 480 35 decide decide VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 480 36 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 480 37 measures measure NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 480 38 could could MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 480 39 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 480 40 contemplated contemplate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 480 41 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 480 42 reduce reduce VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 480 43 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 480 44 eliminate eliminate VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 480 45 such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 480 46 risks risk NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 480 47 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 481 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 481 2 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 481 3 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 481 4 noted note VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 481 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 481 6 however however RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 481 7 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 481 8 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 481 9 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 481 10 does do VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 481 11 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 481 12 imply imply VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 481 13 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 481 14 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 481 15 hazard hazard NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 481 16 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 481 17 has have VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 481 18 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 481 19 serious serious JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 481 20 effect effect NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 481 21 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 481 22 just just RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 481 23 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 481 24 few few JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 481 25 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 481 26 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 481 27 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 481 28 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 481 29 dealt deal VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 481 30 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 481 31 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 481 32 managers manager NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 481 33 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 481 34 farm farm NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 481 35 level level NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 481 36 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 481 37 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 481 38 suffering suffering NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 481 39 imposed impose VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 481 40 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 481 41 some some DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 481 42 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 481 43 constitute constitute VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 481 44 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 481 45 major major JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 481 46 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 481 47 problem problem NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 481 48 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 481 49 those those DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 481 50 individuals individual NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 481 51 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 2 line line NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 3 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 5 terms term NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 7 reference reference NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 8 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 9 working work VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 10 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 11 restricted restrict VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 12 itself -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 13 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 15 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 16 essence essence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 17 qualitative qualitative JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 19 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 20 assessment assessment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 21 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 22 i.e. i.e. FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 23 only only RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 24 one one CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 25 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 26 three three CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 27 elements element NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 28 essential essential JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 29 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 30 risk risk VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 31 analysis analysis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 32 A a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 33 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 34 assessment assessment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 35 approach approach NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 36 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 37 followed follow VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 38 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 39 similar similar JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 40 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 41 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 42 one one NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 43 generally generally RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 44 adopted adopt VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 45 when when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 46 assessing assess VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 47 microbiological microbiological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 48 risks risk NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 49 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 50 i.e. i.e. FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 51 along along IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 52 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 53 lines line NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 54 suggested suggest VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 55 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 56 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 57 22nd 22nd JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 58 session session NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 59 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 60 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 61 Codex Codex NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 62 Alimentarius Alimentarius NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 63 Commission Commission NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 64 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 65 CAC CAC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 66 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 67 2002 2002 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 68 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 482 69 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 483 1 Incidentally incidentally RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 483 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 483 3 these these DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 483 4 guidelines guideline NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 483 5 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 483 6 been be VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 483 7 characterized characterize VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 483 8 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 483 9 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 483 10 CAC CAC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 483 11 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 483 12 ' ' `` cord-009694-e59kuwf1 483 13 interim interim JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 483 14 ' ' '' cord-009694-e59kuwf1 483 15 because because IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 483 16 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 483 17 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 483 18 subject subject JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 483 19 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 483 20 modifications modification NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 483 21 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 483 22 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 483 23 light light NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 483 24 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 483 25 developments development NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 483 26 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 483 27 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 483 28 science science NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 483 29 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 483 30 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 483 31 analysis analysis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 483 32 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 483 33 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 483 34 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 483 35 result result NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 483 36 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 483 37 efforts effort NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 483 38 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 483 39 harmonize harmonize VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 483 40 definitions definition NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 483 41 across across IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 483 42 various various JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 483 43 disciplines discipline NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 483 44 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 484 1 CAC CAC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 484 2 's 's POS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 484 3 guidelines guideline NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 484 4 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 484 5 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 484 6 essence essence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 484 7 exclusively exclusively RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 484 8 formulated formulate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 484 9 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 484 10 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 484 11 purpose purpose NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 484 12 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 484 13 assessing assess VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 484 14 risks risk NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 484 15 related relate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 484 16 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 484 17 microbiological microbiological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 484 18 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 484 19 chemical chemical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 484 20 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 484 21 physical physical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 484 22 agents agent NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 484 23 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 484 24 serious serious JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 484 25 concern concern NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 484 26 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 484 27 public public JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 484 28 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 484 29 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 485 1 Consequently consequently RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 485 2 -considering -considere VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 485 3 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 485 4 disciplinary disciplinary JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 485 5 focus focus NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 485 6 -the -the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 485 7 working working NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 485 8 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 485 9 had have VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 485 10 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 485 11 adapt adapt VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 485 12 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 485 13 CAC CAC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 485 14 definitions definition NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 485 15 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 485 16 serve serve VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 485 17 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 485 18 purpose purpose NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 485 19 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 486 1 These these DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 486 2 adapted adapt VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 486 3 definitions definition NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 486 4 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 486 5 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 486 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 486 7 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 486 8 alphabethical alphabethical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 486 9 order order NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 486 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 486 11 been be VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 486 12 included include VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 486 13 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 486 14 Chapter chapter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 486 15 2 2 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 486 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 486 17 see see VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 486 18 Risk Risk NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 486 19 Analysis Analysis NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 486 20 Terminology terminology NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 486 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 486 22 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 487 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 487 2 objectives objective NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 487 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 487 4 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 487 5 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 487 6 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 487 7 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 487 8 review review VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 487 9 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 487 10 report report VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 487 11 recent recent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 487 12 scientific scientific JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 487 13 literature literature NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 487 14 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 487 15 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 487 16 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 487 17 including include VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 487 18 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 487 19 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 487 20 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 487 21 intensively intensively RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 487 22 reared rear VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 487 23 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 487 24 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 487 25 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 487 26 report report VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 487 27 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 487 28 recent recent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 487 29 findings finding NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 487 30 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 487 31 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 487 32 update update NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 487 33 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 487 34 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 487 35 Scientific Scientific NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 487 36 Veterinary Veterinary NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 487 37 Committee Committee NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 487 38 's 's POS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 487 39 previous previous JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 487 40 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 487 41 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 487 42 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 487 43 make make VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 487 44 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 487 45 qualitative qualitative JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 487 46 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 487 47 assessment assessment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 487 48 concerning concern VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 487 49 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 487 50 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 487 51 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 487 52 intensively intensively RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 487 53 kept keep VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 487 54 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 487 55 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 488 1 Where where WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 488 2 relevant relevant JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 488 3 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 488 4 food food NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 488 5 safety safety NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 488 6 implications implication NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 488 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 488 8 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 488 9 farming farming NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 488 10 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 488 11 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 488 12 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 488 13 considered consider VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 488 14 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 489 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 489 2 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 489 3 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 489 4 structured structure VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 489 5 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 489 6 five five CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 489 7 major major JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 489 8 parts part NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 489 9 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 490 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 490 2 first first JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 490 3 three three CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 490 4 follow follow VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 490 5 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 490 6 Scientific Scientific NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 490 7 Veterinary Veterinary NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 490 8 Committee Committee NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 490 9 's 's POS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 490 10 previous previous JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 490 11 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 490 12 " " `` cord-009694-e59kuwf1 490 13 On on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 490 14 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 490 15 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 490 16 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 490 17 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 490 18 " " '' cord-009694-e59kuwf1 490 19 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 490 20 introductory introductory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 490 21 chapters chapter NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 490 22 4 4 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 490 23 - - SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 490 24 7 7 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 490 25 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 490 26 background background NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 490 27 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 490 28 measurements measurement NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 490 29 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 490 30 needs need NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 490 31 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 490 32 relation relation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 490 33 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 490 34 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 490 35 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 490 36 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 490 37 chapter chapter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 490 38 8 8 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 490 39 describing describe VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 490 40 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 490 41 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 490 42 diet diet NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 490 43 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 490 44 management management NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 490 45 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 490 46 chapter chapter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 490 47 9 9 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 490 48 describing describe VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 490 49 comparison comparison NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 490 50 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 490 51 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 490 52 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 490 53 factors factor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 490 54 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 491 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 491 2 chapter chapter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 491 3 10 10 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 491 4 common common JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 491 5 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 491 6 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 491 7 use use NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 491 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 491 9 antibiotics antibiotic NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 491 10 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 491 11 described describe VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 491 12 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 492 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 492 2 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 492 3 two two CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 492 4 parts part NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 492 5 involve involve VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 492 6 aspects aspect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 492 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 492 8 meat meat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 492 9 quality quality NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 492 10 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 492 11 food food NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 492 12 safety safety NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 492 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 492 14 chapter chapter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 492 15 11 11 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 492 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 492 17 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 492 18 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 492 19 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 492 20 assessment assessment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 492 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 492 22 chapter chapter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 492 23 12 12 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 492 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 492 25 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 493 1 Conclusions conclusion NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 493 2 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 493 3 recommendations recommendation NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 493 4 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 493 5 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 493 6 previous previous JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 493 7 SVC SVC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 493 8 document document NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 493 9 together together RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 493 10 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 493 11 updated update VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 493 12 conclusions conclusion NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 493 13 derived derive VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 493 14 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 493 15 recent recent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 493 16 research research NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 493 17 findings finding NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 493 18 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 493 19 presented present VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 493 20 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 493 21 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 493 22 Scientific Scientific NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 493 23 Opinion Opinion NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 493 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 493 25 www.efsa.eu.int www.efsa.eu.int NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 493 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 493 27 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 494 1 Effect effect NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 494 2 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 494 3 transport transport NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 494 4 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 494 5 slaughter slaughter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 494 6 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 494 7 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 494 8 ' ' POS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 494 9 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 494 10 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 494 11 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 1 Although although IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 2 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 3 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 4 agreed agree VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 5 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 6 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 7 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 8 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 10 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 11 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 12 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 13 substantially substantially RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 14 affected affect VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 15 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 16 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 17 course course NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 18 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 19 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 20 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 21 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 22 result result NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 23 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 24 transport transport NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 25 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 26 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 27 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 28 does do VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 29 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 30 consider consider VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 31 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 32 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 33 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 34 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 35 aspects aspect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 36 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 37 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 38 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 39 transport transport NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 40 because because IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 41 there there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 42 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 43 already already RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 44 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 45 comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 46 recent recent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 47 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 48 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 49 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 50 Scientific Scientific NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 51 Committee Committee NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 52 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 53 Animal Animal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 54 Health Health NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 55 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 56 Animal Animal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 57 Welfare Welfare NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 58 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 59 SCAHAW SCAHAW NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 60 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 61 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 62 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 63 " " `` cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 64 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 65 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 66 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 67 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 68 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 69 transport transport NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 70 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 71 details detail NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 72 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 73 horses horse NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 74 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 75 pigs pig NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 76 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 77 sheep sheep NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 78 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 79 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 80 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 81 " " '' cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 82 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 83 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 84 adopted adopt VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 85 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 86 11 11 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 87 March March NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 88 2002 2002 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 89 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 90 DG DG NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 91 SANCO SANCO NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 92 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 93 2002 2002 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 495 94 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 496 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 496 2 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 496 3 takes take VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 496 4 into into IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 496 5 account account NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 496 6 all all DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 496 7 aspects aspect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 496 8 related relate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 496 9 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 496 10 transport transport NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 496 11 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 496 12 could could MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 496 13 affect affect VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 496 14 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 496 15 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 496 16 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 496 17 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 496 18 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 496 19 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 496 20 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 496 21 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 496 22 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 496 23 including include VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 496 24 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 496 25 direct direct JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 496 26 effects effect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 496 27 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 496 28 transport transport NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 496 29 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 496 30 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 496 31 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 496 32 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 496 33 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 496 34 effects effect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 496 35 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 496 36 transport transport NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 496 37 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 496 38 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 496 39 transmission transmission NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 496 40 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 2 loading loading NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 3 methods method NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 4 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 5 handling handle VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 6 facilities facility NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 7 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 8 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 9 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 10 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 11 floor floor NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 12 space space NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 13 allowance allowance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 14 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 15 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 16 relationships relationship NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 17 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 18 stocking stocking NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 19 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 20 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 21 density density NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 22 requirements requirement NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 23 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 24 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 25 vehicle vehicle NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 26 design design NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 27 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 28 space space NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 29 requirements requirement NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 30 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 31 ventilation ventilation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 32 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 33 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 34 transporters transporter NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 36 see see VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 37 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 38 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 39 AHAW AHAW NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 40 Scientific Scientific NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 41 Opinion Opinion NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 42 related relate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 43 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 44 Standards standard NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 45 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 46 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 47 microclimate microclimate NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 48 inside inside IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 49 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 50 road road NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 51 transport transport NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 52 vehicles vehicle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 53 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 54 EFSA EFSA NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 55 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 56 2004 2004 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 57 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 58 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 59 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 60 behaviour behaviour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 61 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 62 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 63 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 64 road road NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 65 transport transport NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 66 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 67 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 68 road road NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 69 conditions condition NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 70 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 71 long long JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 72 distance distance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 73 transport transport NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 74 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 75 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 76 travel travel NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 77 times time NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 78 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 79 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 80 reviewed review VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 497 81 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 498 1 Recommendations recommendation NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 498 2 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 498 3 all all PDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 498 4 these these DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 498 5 aspects aspect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 498 6 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 498 7 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 498 8 given give VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 498 9 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 498 10 that that DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 498 11 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 498 12 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 499 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 499 2 following follow VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 499 3 general general JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 499 4 requirements requirement NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 499 5 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 499 6 relation relation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 499 7 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 499 8 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 499 9 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 499 10 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 499 11 annexed annex VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 499 12 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 499 13 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 499 14 protocol protocol NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 499 15 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 499 16 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 499 17 EU EU NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 499 18 Treaty Treaty NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 499 19 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 499 20 Amsterdam Amsterdam NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 499 21 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 499 22 1997 1997 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 499 23 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 500 1 " " `` cord-009694-e59kuwf1 500 2 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 500 3 formulating formulate VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 500 4 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 500 5 implementing implement VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 500 6 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 500 7 Community Community NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 500 8 's 's POS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 500 9 agriculture agriculture NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 500 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 500 11 fisheries fishery NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 500 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 500 13 transport transport NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 500 14 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 500 15 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 500 16 internal internal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 500 17 market market NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 500 18 policies policy NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 500 19 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 500 20 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 500 21 Community Community NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 500 22 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 500 23 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 500 24 Member Member NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 500 25 States States NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 500 26 shall shall MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 500 27 pay pay VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 500 28 full full JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 500 29 regard regard NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 500 30 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 500 31 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 500 32 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 500 33 requirements requirement NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 500 34 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 500 35 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 500 36 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 500 37 while while IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 500 38 respecting respect VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 500 39 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 500 40 legislative legislative JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 500 41 provisions provision NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 500 42 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 500 43 customs custom NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 500 44 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 500 45 Member Member NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 500 46 States States NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 500 47 relating relate VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 500 48 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 500 49 religious religious JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 500 50 rites rite NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 500 51 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 500 52 cultural cultural JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 500 53 traditions tradition NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 500 54 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 500 55 regional regional JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 500 56 heritage heritage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 500 57 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 1 " " `` cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 2 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 4 introduction introduction NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 5 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 6 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 7 proposed propose VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 8 EU EU NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 9 constitution constitution NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 11 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 12 following follow VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 13 extended extended JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 14 wording wording NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 15 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 16 included include VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 17 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 18 " " `` cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 19 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 20 formulating formulate VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 21 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 22 implementing implement VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 23 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 24 European European NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 25 Union Union NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 26 's 's POS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 27 agriculture agriculture NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 28 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 29 fisheries fishery NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 30 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 31 transport transport NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 32 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 33 internal internal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 34 market market NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 35 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 36 research research NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 37 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 38 technological technological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 39 development development NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 40 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 41 space space NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 42 policies policy NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 43 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 44 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 45 Union Union NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 46 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 47 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 48 Member Member NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 49 States States NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 50 shall shall MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 51 pay pay VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 52 full full JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 53 regard regard NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 54 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 55 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 56 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 57 requirements requirement NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 58 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 59 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 60 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 61 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 62 sentient sentient JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 63 beings being NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 64 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 65 while while IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 66 respecting respect VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 67 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 68 legislative legislative JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 69 provisions provision NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 70 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 71 customs custom NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 72 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 73 Member Member NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 74 States States NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 75 relating relate VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 76 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 77 religious religious JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 78 rites rite NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 79 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 80 cultural cultural JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 81 traditions tradition NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 82 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 83 regional regional JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 84 heritage heritage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 501 85 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 502 1 " " `` cord-009694-e59kuwf1 502 2 This this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 502 3 wording wording NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 502 4 reflects reflect VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 502 5 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 502 6 ethical ethical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 502 7 concerns concern NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 502 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 502 9 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 502 10 public public NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 502 11 about about IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 502 12 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 502 13 quality quality NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 502 14 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 502 15 life life NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 502 16 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 502 17 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 502 18 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 502 19 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 503 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 503 2 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 503 3 takes take VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 503 4 into into IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 503 5 account account NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 503 6 customs custom NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 503 7 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 503 8 cultural cultural JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 503 9 traditions tradition NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 503 10 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 504 1 Farm farm NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 504 2 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 504 3 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 504 4 subject subject JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 504 5 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 504 6 human human JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 504 7 imposed impose VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 504 8 constraints constraint NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 504 9 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 504 10 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 504 11 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 504 12 very very RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 504 13 long long JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 504 14 time time NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 504 15 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 504 16 choice choice NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 504 17 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 504 18 techniques technique NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 504 19 has have VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 504 20 been be VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 504 21 based base VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 504 22 primarily primarily RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 504 23 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 504 24 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 504 25 efficiency efficiency NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 504 26 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 504 27 production production NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 504 28 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 504 29 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 504 30 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 504 31 provision provision NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 504 32 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 504 33 food food NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 504 34 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 505 1 However however RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 505 2 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 505 3 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 505 4 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 505 5 increasingly increasingly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 505 6 held hold VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 505 7 public public JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 505 8 view view NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 505 9 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 505 10 we -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 505 11 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 505 12 protect protect VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 505 13 these these DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 505 14 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 505 15 against against IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 505 16 mistreatment mistreatment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 505 17 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 505 18 poor poor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 505 19 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 505 20 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 506 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 506 2 order order NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 506 3 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 506 4 promote promote VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 506 5 good good JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 506 6 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 506 7 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 506 8 avoid avoid VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 506 9 suffering suffer VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 506 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 506 11 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 506 12 wide wide JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 506 13 range range NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 506 14 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 506 15 needs need NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 506 16 must must MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 506 17 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 506 18 fulfilled fulfil VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 506 19 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 507 1 These these DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 507 2 needs need NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 507 3 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 507 4 require require VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 507 5 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 507 6 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 507 7 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 507 8 obtain obtain VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 507 9 resources resource NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 507 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 507 11 receive receive VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 507 12 stimuli stimulus NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 507 13 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 507 14 express express VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 507 15 particular particular JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 507 16 behaviours behaviour NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 508 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 508 2 Hughes Hughes NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 508 3 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 508 4 Duncan Duncan NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 508 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 508 6 1988 1988 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 508 7 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 508 8 Jensen Jensen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 508 9 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 508 10 Toates Toates NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 508 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 508 12 1993 1993 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 508 13 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 508 14 Vestergaard Vestergaard NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 508 15 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 508 16 1996 1996 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 508 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 508 18 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 509 1 To to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 509 2 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 509 3 useful useful JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 509 4 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 509 5 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 509 6 scientific scientific JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 509 7 context context NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 509 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 509 9 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 509 10 concept concept NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 509 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 509 12 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 509 13 has have VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 509 14 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 509 15 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 509 16 defined define VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 509 17 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 509 18 such such PDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 509 19 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 509 20 way way NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 509 21 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 509 22 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 509 23 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 509 24 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 509 25 scientifically scientifically RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 509 26 assessed assess VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 509 27 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 510 1 This this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 510 2 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 510 3 facilitates facilitate VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 510 4 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 510 5 use use NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 510 6 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 510 7 legislation legislation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 510 8 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 510 9 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 510 10 discussions discussion NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 510 11 amongst amongst IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 510 12 farmers farmer NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 510 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 510 14 consumers consumer NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 510 15 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 511 1 Welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 511 2 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 511 3 clearly clearly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 511 4 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 511 5 characteristic characteristic NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 511 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 511 7 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 511 8 individual individual JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 511 9 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 511 10 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 511 11 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 511 12 concerned concern VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 511 13 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 511 14 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 511 15 effects effect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 511 16 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 511 17 all all DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 511 18 aspects aspect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 511 19 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 511 20 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 511 21 genotype genotype NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 511 22 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 511 23 environment environment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 511 24 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 511 25 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 511 26 individual individual NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 511 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 511 28 Duncan Duncan NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 511 29 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 511 30 1981 1981 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 511 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 511 32 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 512 1 Broom Broom NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 512 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 512 3 1986 1986 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 512 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 512 5 defines define VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 512 6 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 512 7 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 512 8 follows follow VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 512 9 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 512 10 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 512 11 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 512 12 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 512 13 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 512 14 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 512 15 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 512 16 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 512 17 state state NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 512 18 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 512 19 regards regard VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 512 20 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 512 21 attempts attempt NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 512 22 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 512 23 cope cope VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 512 24 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 512 25 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 512 26 environment environment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 512 27 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 513 1 Welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 513 2 therefore therefore RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 513 3 includes include VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 513 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 513 5 extent extent NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 513 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 513 7 failure failure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 513 8 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 513 9 cope cope VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 513 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 513 11 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 513 12 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 513 13 lead lead VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 513 14 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 513 15 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 513 16 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 513 17 injury injury NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 513 18 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 513 19 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 513 20 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 513 21 ease ease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 513 22 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 513 23 coping cope VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 513 24 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 513 25 difficulty difficulty NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 513 26 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 513 27 coping cope VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 513 28 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 514 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 514 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 514 3 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 514 4 includes include VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 514 5 pleasurable pleasurable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 514 6 mental mental JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 514 7 states state NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 514 8 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 514 9 unpleasant unpleasant JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 514 10 states state NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 514 11 such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 514 12 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 514 13 pain pain NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 514 14 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 514 15 fear fear NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 514 16 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 514 17 frustration frustration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 514 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 514 19 Duncan Duncan NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 514 20 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 514 21 1996 1996 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 514 22 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 514 23 Fraser Fraser NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 514 24 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 514 25 Duncan Duncan NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 514 26 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 514 27 1998 1998 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 514 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 514 29 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 515 1 Feelings feeling NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 515 2 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 515 3 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 515 4 part part NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 515 5 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 515 6 many many JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 515 7 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 515 8 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 515 9 attempting attempt VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 515 10 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 515 11 cope cope VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 515 12 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 515 13 good good JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 515 14 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 515 15 bad bad JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 515 16 aspects aspect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 515 17 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 515 18 life life NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 515 19 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 515 20 most most JJS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 515 21 feelings feeling NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 515 22 must must MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 515 23 have have VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 515 24 evolved evolve VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 515 25 because because IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 515 26 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 515 27 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 515 28 beneficial beneficial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 515 29 effects effect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 515 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 515 31 Broom Broom NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 515 32 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 515 33 1998 1998 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 515 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 515 35 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 516 1 Although although IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 516 2 feelings feeling NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 516 3 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 516 4 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 516 5 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 516 6 measured measure VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 516 7 directly directly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 516 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 516 9 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 516 10 existence existence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 516 11 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 516 12 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 516 13 deduced deduce VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 516 14 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 516 15 measures measure NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 516 16 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 516 17 physiology physiology NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 516 18 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 516 19 behaviour behaviour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 516 20 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 516 21 pathological pathological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 516 22 conditions condition NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 516 23 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 516 24 etc etc FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 516 25 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 517 1 Feelings feeling NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 517 2 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 517 3 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 517 4 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 517 5 directly directly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 517 6 measured measure VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 517 7 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 517 8 therefore therefore RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 517 9 care care VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 517 10 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 517 11 necessary necessary JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 517 12 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 517 13 avoid avoid VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 517 14 uncritical uncritical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 517 15 anthropomorphic anthropomorphic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 517 16 interpretations interpretation NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 517 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 517 18 Morton Morton NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 517 19 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 517 20 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 517 21 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 517 22 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 517 23 1990 1990 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 517 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 517 25 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 518 1 Good good JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 518 2 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 518 3 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 518 4 occur occur VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 518 5 provided provide VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 518 6 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 518 7 individual individual NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 518 8 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 518 9 able able JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 518 10 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 518 11 adapt adapt VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 518 12 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 518 13 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 518 14 cope cope VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 518 15 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 518 16 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 518 17 constraints constraint NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 518 18 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 518 19 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 518 20 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 518 21 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 518 22 exposed expose VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 518 23 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 519 1 Hence hence RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 519 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 519 3 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 519 4 varies vary VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 519 5 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 519 6 very very RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 519 7 poor poor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 519 8 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 519 9 very very RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 519 10 good good JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 519 11 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 519 12 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 519 13 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 519 14 scientifically scientifically RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 519 15 assessed assess VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 519 16 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 520 1 Measures measure NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 520 2 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 520 3 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 520 4 relevant relevant JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 520 5 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 520 6 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 520 7 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 520 8 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 520 9 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 520 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 520 11 i.e. i.e. FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 520 12 largely largely RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 520 13 longterm longterm JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 520 14 problems problem NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 520 15 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 520 16 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 520 17 described describe VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 520 18 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 520 19 Broom Broom NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 520 20 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 520 21 Johnson Johnson NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 520 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 520 23 1993 1993 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 520 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 520 25 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 520 26 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 520 27 Broom Broom NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 520 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 520 29 1996 1996 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 520 30 Broom Broom NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 520 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 520 32 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 520 33 2004a 2004a CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 520 34 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 521 1 Production production NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 521 2 criteria criterion NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 521 3 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 521 4 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 521 5 place place NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 521 6 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 521 7 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 521 8 assessment assessment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 521 9 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 522 1 However however RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 522 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 522 3 although although IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 522 4 failure failure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 522 5 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 522 6 grow grow VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 522 7 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 522 8 reproduce reproduce VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 522 9 etc etc FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 522 10 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 523 1 often often RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 523 2 indicates indicate VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 523 3 poor poor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 523 4 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 523 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 523 6 high high JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 523 7 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 523 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 523 9 production production NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 523 10 do do VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 523 11 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 523 12 necessarily necessarily RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 523 13 indicate indicate VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 523 14 good good JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 523 15 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 523 16 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 524 1 Physiological physiological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 524 2 measurements measurement NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 524 3 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 524 4 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 524 5 useful useful JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 524 6 indicators indicator NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 524 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 524 8 poor poor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 524 9 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 524 10 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 525 1 For for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 525 2 instance instance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 525 3 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 525 4 increased increase VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 525 5 heart heart NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 525 6 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 525 7 rate rate NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 525 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 525 9 adrenal adrenal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 525 10 activity activity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 525 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 525 12 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 525 13 adrenal adrenal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 525 14 activity activity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 525 15 following follow VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 525 16 ACTH ACTH NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 525 17 challenge challenge NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 525 18 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 525 19 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 525 20 reduced reduce VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 525 21 heart heart NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 525 22 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 525 23 rate rate NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 525 24 variability variability NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 525 25 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 525 26 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 525 27 immunological immunological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 525 28 response response NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 525 29 following follow VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 525 30 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 525 31 challenge challenge NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 525 32 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 525 33 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 525 34 all all DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 525 35 indicate indicate VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 525 36 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 525 37 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 525 38 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 525 39 poorer poor JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 525 40 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 525 41 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 525 42 individuals individual NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 525 43 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 525 44 do do VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 525 45 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 525 46 show show VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 525 47 such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 525 48 changes change NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 525 49 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 526 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 526 2 impaired impaired JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 526 3 immune immune JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 526 4 system system NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 526 5 function function NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 526 6 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 526 7 some some DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 526 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 526 9 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 526 10 physiological physiological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 526 11 changes change NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 526 12 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 526 13 indicate indicate VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 526 14 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 526 15 pre pre JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 526 16 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 526 17 pathological pathological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 526 18 state state NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 526 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 526 20 Moberg Moberg NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 526 21 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 526 22 1985 1985 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 526 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 526 24 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 527 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 527 2 interpreting interpret VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 527 3 physiological physiological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 527 4 measurements measurement NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 527 5 such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 527 6 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 527 7 heart heart NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 527 8 rate rate NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 527 9 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 527 10 adrenal adrenal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 527 11 activity activity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 527 12 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 527 13 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 527 14 important important JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 527 15 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 527 16 take take VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 527 17 account account NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 527 18 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 527 19 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 527 20 environmental environmental JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 527 21 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 527 22 metabolic metabolic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 527 23 context context NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 527 24 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 527 25 including include VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 527 26 activity activity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 527 27 level level NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 527 28 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 528 1 Behavioural behavioural JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 528 2 measures measure NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 528 3 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 528 4 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 528 5 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 528 6 particular particular JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 528 7 value value NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 528 8 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 528 9 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 528 10 assessment assessment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 528 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 528 12 Wiepkema Wiepkema NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 528 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 528 14 1983 1983 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 528 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 528 16 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 529 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 529 2 fact fact NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 529 3 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 529 4 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 529 5 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 529 6 avoids avoid VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 529 7 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 529 8 object object NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 529 9 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 529 10 event event NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 529 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 529 12 strongly strongly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 529 13 gives give VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 529 14 information information NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 529 15 about about IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 529 16 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 529 17 feelings feeling NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 529 18 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 529 19 hence hence RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 529 20 about about IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 529 21 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 529 22 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 529 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 529 24 Rushen Rushen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 529 25 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 529 26 1986 1986 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 529 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 529 28 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 530 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 530 2 stronger strong JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 530 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 530 4 avoidance avoidance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 530 5 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 530 6 worse bad JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 530 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 530 8 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 530 9 whilst whilst IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 530 10 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 530 11 object object NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 530 12 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 530 13 present present JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 530 14 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 530 15 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 530 16 event event NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 530 17 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 530 18 occurring occur VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 530 19 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 531 1 An an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 531 2 individual individual NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 531 3 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 531 4 whom whom WP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 531 5 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 531 6 completely completely RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 531 7 unable unable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 531 8 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 531 9 adopt adopt VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 531 10 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 531 11 preferred preferred JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 531 12 lying lying NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 531 13 posture posture NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 531 14 despite despite IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 531 15 repeated repeat VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 531 16 attempts attempt NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 531 17 will will MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 531 18 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 531 19 assessed assess VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 531 20 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 531 21 having have VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 531 22 poorer poor JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 531 23 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 531 24 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 531 25 one one CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 531 26 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 531 27 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 531 28 adopt adopt VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 531 29 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 531 30 preferred preferred JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 531 31 posture posture NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 531 32 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 532 1 Other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 532 2 abnormal abnormal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 532 3 behaviour behaviour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 532 4 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 532 5 includes include VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 532 6 excessively excessively RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 532 7 aggressive aggressive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 532 8 behaviour behaviour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 532 9 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 532 10 stereotypes stereotype NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 532 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 532 12 such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 532 13 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 532 14 tongue tongue NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 532 15 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 532 16 rolling roll VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 532 17 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 532 18 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 532 19 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 532 20 indicates indicate VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 532 21 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 532 22 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 532 23 perpetrator perpetrator NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 532 24 's 's POS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 532 25 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 532 26 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 532 27 poor poor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 532 28 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 533 1 Very very RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 533 2 often often RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 533 3 abnormal abnormal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 533 4 activities activity NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 533 5 derive derive VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 533 6 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 533 7 activities activity NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 533 8 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 533 9 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 533 10 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 533 11 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 533 12 expressed express VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 533 13 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 533 14 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 533 15 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 533 16 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 533 17 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 533 18 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 533 19 motivated motivated JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 533 20 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 534 1 For for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 534 2 example example NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 534 3 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 534 4 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 534 5 deprived deprive VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 534 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 534 7 solid solid JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 534 8 foods food NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 534 9 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 534 10 hence hence RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 534 11 lacking lack VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 534 12 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 534 13 possibility possibility NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 534 14 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 534 15 nutritive nutritive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 534 16 biting biting NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 534 17 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 534 18 develop develop VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 534 19 non non JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 534 20 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 534 21 nutritive nutritive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 534 22 biting biting NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 534 23 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 535 1 Whether whether IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 535 2 physiological physiological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 535 3 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 535 4 behavioural behavioural JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 535 5 measures measure NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 535 6 indicate indicate VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 535 7 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 535 8 coping cope VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 535 9 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 535 10 difficult difficult JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 535 11 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 535 12 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 535 13 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 535 14 individual individual NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 535 15 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 535 16 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 535 17 coping cope VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 535 18 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 535 19 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 535 20 measure measure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 535 21 indicates indicate VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 535 22 poor poor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 535 23 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 535 24 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 536 1 Studies study NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 536 2 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 536 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 536 4 brain brain NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 536 5 inform inform VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 536 6 us -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 536 7 about about IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 536 8 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 536 9 cognitive cognitive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 536 10 ability ability NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 536 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 536 12 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 536 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 536 14 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 536 15 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 536 16 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 536 17 tell tell VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 536 18 us -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 536 19 how how WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 536 20 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 536 21 individual individual NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 536 22 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 536 23 likely likely JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 536 24 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 536 25 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 536 26 perceiving perceive VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 536 27 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 536 28 attending attend VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 536 29 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 536 30 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 536 31 evaluating evaluate VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 536 32 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 536 33 coping cope VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 536 34 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 536 35 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 536 36 enjoying enjoy VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 536 37 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 536 38 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 536 39 disturbed disturb VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 536 40 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 536 41 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 536 42 environment environment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 536 43 so so RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 536 44 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 536 45 give give VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 536 46 direct direct JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 536 47 information information NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 536 48 about about IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 536 49 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 536 50 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 536 51 Broom Broom NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 536 52 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 536 53 Zanella Zanella NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 536 54 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 536 55 2004 2004 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 536 56 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 536 57 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 537 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 537 2 studies study NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 537 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 537 4 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 537 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 537 6 we -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 537 7 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 537 8 especially especially RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 537 9 interested interested JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 537 10 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 537 11 how how WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 537 12 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 537 13 individual individual NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 537 14 feels feel VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 537 15 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 538 1 As as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 538 2 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 538 3 depends depend VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 538 4 upon upon IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 538 5 highlevel highlevel JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 538 6 brain brain NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 538 7 processing processing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 538 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 538 9 we -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 538 10 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 538 11 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 538 12 investigate investigate VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 538 13 brain brain NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 538 14 function function NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 538 15 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 539 1 Abnormal abnormal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 539 2 behaviour behaviour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 539 3 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 539 4 preferred prefer VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 539 5 social social JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 539 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 539 7 sexual sexual JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 539 8 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 539 9 parental parental JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 539 10 situations situation NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 539 11 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 539 12 have have VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 539 13 brain brain NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 539 14 correlates correlate NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 539 15 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 540 1 Brain brain NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 540 2 measures measure NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 540 3 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 540 4 sometimes sometimes RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 540 5 explain explain VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 540 6 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 540 7 nature nature NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 540 8 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 540 9 magnitude magnitude NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 540 10 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 540 11 effects effect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 540 12 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 540 13 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 540 14 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 541 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 541 2 word word NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 541 3 " " `` cord-009694-e59kuwf1 541 4 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 541 5 " " '' cord-009694-e59kuwf1 541 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 541 7 like like IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 541 8 " " `` cord-009694-e59kuwf1 541 9 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 541 10 " " '' cord-009694-e59kuwf1 541 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 541 12 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 541 13 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 541 14 qualified qualify VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 541 15 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 541 16 " " `` cord-009694-e59kuwf1 541 17 good good JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 541 18 " " '' cord-009694-e59kuwf1 541 19 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 541 20 " " `` cord-009694-e59kuwf1 541 21 poor poor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 541 22 " " '' cord-009694-e59kuwf1 541 23 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 541 24 varies vary VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 541 25 over over IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 541 26 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 541 27 range range NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 541 28 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 542 1 However however RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 542 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 542 3 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 542 4 refers refer VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 542 5 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 542 6 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 542 7 state state NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 542 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 542 9 body body NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 542 10 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 542 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 542 12 including include VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 542 13 those those DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 542 14 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 542 15 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 542 16 brain brain NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 542 17 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 542 18 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 542 19 combat combat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 542 20 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 542 21 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 542 22 tissue tissue NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 542 23 damage damage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 542 24 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 542 25 physiological physiological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 542 26 disorder disorder NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 542 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 542 28 Broom Broom NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 542 29 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 542 30 Kirkden Kirkden NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 542 31 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 542 32 2004 2004 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 542 33 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 542 34 Broom Broom NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 542 35 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 542 36 2006 2006 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 542 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 542 38 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 543 1 Welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 543 2 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 543 3 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 543 4 broader broad JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 543 5 term term NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 543 6 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 543 7 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 543 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 543 9 covering cover VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 543 10 all all DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 543 11 aspects aspect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 543 12 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 543 13 coping cope VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 543 14 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 543 15 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 543 16 environment environment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 543 17 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 543 18 taking take VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 543 19 account account NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 543 20 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 543 21 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 543 22 wider wide JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 543 23 range range NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 543 24 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 543 25 feelings feeling NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 543 26 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 543 27 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 543 28 coping cope VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 543 29 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 543 30 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 543 31 those those DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 543 32 associated associate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 543 33 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 543 34 physical physical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 543 35 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 543 36 mental mental JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 543 37 disorders disorder NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 543 38 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 544 1 Disease Disease NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 544 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 544 3 implying imply VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 544 4 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 544 5 there there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 544 6 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 544 7 some some DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 544 8 pathology pathology NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 544 9 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 544 10 rather rather RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 544 11 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 544 12 just just RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 544 13 pathogen pathogen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 544 14 presence presence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 544 15 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 544 16 always always RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 544 17 has have VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 544 18 some some DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 544 19 adverse adverse JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 544 20 effect effect NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 544 21 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 544 22 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 544 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 544 24 Broom Broom NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 544 25 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 544 26 Corke Corke NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 544 27 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 544 28 2002 2002 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 544 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 544 30 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 545 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 545 2 pain pain NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 545 3 system system NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 545 4 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 545 5 responses response NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 545 6 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 545 7 pain pain NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 545 8 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 545 9 part part NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 545 10 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 545 11 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 545 12 repertoire repertoire NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 545 13 used use VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 545 14 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 545 15 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 545 16 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 545 17 help help VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 545 18 them -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 545 19 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 545 20 cope cope VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 545 21 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 545 22 adversity adversity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 545 23 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 545 24 life life NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 545 25 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 546 1 Pain pain NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 546 2 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 546 3 clearly clearly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 546 4 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 546 5 important important JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 546 6 part part NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 546 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 546 8 poor poor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 546 9 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 546 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 546 11 Broom Broom NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 546 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 546 13 2001b 2001b CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 546 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 546 15 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 547 1 However however RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 547 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 547 3 prey prey NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 547 4 species specie NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 547 5 such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 547 6 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 547 7 young young JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 547 8 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 547 9 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 547 10 sheep sheep NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 547 11 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 547 12 show show VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 547 13 no no DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 547 14 behavioural behavioural JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 547 15 response response NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 547 16 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 547 17 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 547 18 significant significant JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 547 19 degree degree NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 547 20 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 547 21 injury injury NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 547 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 547 23 Broom Broom NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 547 24 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 547 25 Johnson Johnson NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 547 26 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 547 27 1993 1993 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 547 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 547 29 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 548 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 548 2 some some DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 548 3 situations situation NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 548 4 responses response NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 548 5 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 548 6 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 548 7 wound wound NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 548 8 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 548 9 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 548 10 occur occur VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 548 11 because because IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 548 12 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 548 13 opioids opioid NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 548 14 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 548 15 act act VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 548 16 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 548 17 analgesics analgesic NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 548 18 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 548 19 released release VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 548 20 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 549 1 However however RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 549 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 549 3 there there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 549 4 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 549 5 many many JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 549 6 occasions occasion NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 549 7 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 549 8 humans human NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 549 9 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 549 10 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 549 11 species specie NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 549 12 when when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 549 13 suppression suppression NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 549 14 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 549 15 pain pain NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 549 16 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 549 17 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 549 18 opioids opioid NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 549 19 does do VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 549 20 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 549 21 occur occur VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 550 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 550 2 Melzack Melzack NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 550 3 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 550 4 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 550 5 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 550 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 550 7 1982 1982 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 550 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 550 9 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 551 1 Studies study NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 551 2 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 551 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 551 4 brain brain NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 551 5 inform inform VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 551 6 us -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 551 7 about about IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 551 8 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 551 9 cognitive cognitive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 551 10 ability ability NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 551 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 551 12 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 551 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 551 14 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 551 15 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 551 16 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 551 17 tell tell VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 551 18 us -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 551 19 how how WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 551 20 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 551 21 individual individual NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 551 22 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 551 23 likely likely JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 551 24 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 551 25 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 551 26 perceiving perceive VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 551 27 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 551 28 attending attend VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 551 29 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 551 30 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 551 31 evaluating evaluate VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 551 32 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 551 33 coping cope VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 551 34 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 551 35 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 551 36 enjoying enjoy VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 551 37 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 551 38 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 551 39 disturbed disturb VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 551 40 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 551 41 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 551 42 environment environment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 551 43 so so RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 551 44 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 551 45 give give VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 551 46 direct direct JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 551 47 information information NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 551 48 about about IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 551 49 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 551 50 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 551 51 Broom Broom NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 551 52 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 551 53 Zanella Zanella NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 551 54 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 551 55 2004 2004 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 551 56 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 551 57 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 552 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 552 2 studies study NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 552 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 552 4 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 552 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 552 6 we -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 552 7 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 552 8 especially especially RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 552 9 interested interested JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 552 10 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 552 11 how how WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 552 12 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 552 13 individual individual NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 552 14 feels feel VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 552 15 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 553 1 As as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 553 2 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 553 3 depends depend VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 553 4 upon upon IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 553 5 high high JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 553 6 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 553 7 level level NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 553 8 brain brain NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 553 9 processing processing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 553 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 553 11 we -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 553 12 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 553 13 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 553 14 investigate investigate VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 553 15 brain brain NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 553 16 function function NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 553 17 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 554 1 Abnormal abnormal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 554 2 behaviour behaviour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 554 3 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 554 4 preferred prefer VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 554 5 social social JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 554 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 554 7 sexual sexual JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 554 8 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 554 9 parental parental JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 554 10 situations situation NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 554 11 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 554 12 have have VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 554 13 brain brain NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 554 14 correlates correlate NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 554 15 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 555 1 Brain brain NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 555 2 measures measure NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 555 3 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 555 4 sometimes sometimes RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 555 5 explain explain VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 555 6 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 555 7 nature nature NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 555 8 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 555 9 magnitude magnitude NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 555 10 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 555 11 effects effect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 555 12 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 555 13 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 555 14 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 556 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 556 2 majority majority NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 556 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 556 4 indicators indicator NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 556 5 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 556 6 good good JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 556 7 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 556 8 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 556 9 we -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 556 10 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 556 11 use use VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 556 12 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 556 13 obtained obtain VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 556 14 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 556 15 studies study NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 556 16 demonstrating demonstrate VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 556 17 positive positive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 556 18 preferences preference NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 556 19 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 556 20 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 556 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 556 22 Dawkins Dawkins NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 556 23 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 556 24 1990 1990 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 556 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 556 26 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 557 1 Methods method NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 557 2 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 557 3 assessing assess VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 557 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 557 5 strengths strength NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 557 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 557 7 positive positive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 557 8 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 557 9 negative negative JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 557 10 preferences preference NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 557 11 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 557 12 become become VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 557 13 much much RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 557 14 more more RBR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 557 15 sophisticated sophisticated JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 557 16 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 557 17 recent recent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 557 18 years year NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 557 19 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 558 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 558 2 price price NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 558 3 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 558 4 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 558 5 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 558 6 will will MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 558 7 pay pay VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 558 8 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 558 9 resources resource NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 558 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 558 11 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 558 12 pay pay VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 558 13 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 558 14 avoid avoid VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 558 15 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 558 16 situation situation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 558 17 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 558 18 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 558 19 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 558 20 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 558 21 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 558 22 example example NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 558 23 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 558 24 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 558 25 weight weight NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 558 26 lifted lift VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 558 27 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 558 28 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 558 29 amount amount NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 558 30 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 558 31 energy energy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 558 32 required require VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 558 33 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 558 34 press press VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 558 35 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 558 36 plate plate NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 558 37 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 558 38 numerous numerous JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 558 39 occasions occasion NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 558 40 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 559 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 559 2 demand demand NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 559 3 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 559 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 559 5 resource resource NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 559 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 559 7 i.e. i.e. FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 559 8 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 559 9 amount amount NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 559 10 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 559 11 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 559 12 action action NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 559 13 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 559 14 enables enable VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 559 15 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 559 16 resource resource NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 559 17 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 559 18 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 559 19 obtained obtain VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 559 20 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 559 21 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 559 22 each each DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 559 23 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 559 24 several several JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 559 25 prices price NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 559 26 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 559 27 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 559 28 measured measure VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 559 29 experimentally experimentally RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 559 30 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 560 1 This this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 560 2 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 560 3 best well RBS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 560 4 done do VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 560 5 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 560 6 studies study NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 560 7 where where WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 560 8 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 560 9 income income NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 560 10 available available JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 560 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 560 12 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 560 13 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 560 14 form form NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 560 15 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 560 16 time time NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 560 17 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 560 18 energy energy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 560 19 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 560 20 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 560 21 controlled control VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 560 22 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 560 23 relation relation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 560 24 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 560 25 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 560 26 price price NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 560 27 paid pay VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 560 28 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 560 29 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 560 30 resource resource NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 560 31 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 561 1 When when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 561 2 demand demand NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 561 3 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 561 4 plotted plot VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 561 5 against against IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 561 6 price price NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 561 7 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 561 8 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 561 9 demand demand NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 561 10 curve curve NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 561 11 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 561 12 produced produce VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 561 13 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 562 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 562 2 some some DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 562 3 studies study NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 562 4 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 562 5 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 562 6 slope slope NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 562 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 562 8 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 562 9 demand demand NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 562 10 curve curve NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 562 11 has have VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 562 12 been be VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 562 13 measured measure VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 562 14 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 562 15 indicate indicate VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 562 16 price price NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 562 17 elasticity elasticity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 562 18 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 562 19 demand demand NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 562 20 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 562 21 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 562 22 recent recent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 562 23 studies study NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 562 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 562 25 Kirkden Kirkden NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 562 26 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 562 27 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 562 28 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 562 29 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 562 30 2003 2003 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 562 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 562 32 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 562 33 has have VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 562 34 become become VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 562 35 clear clear JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 562 36 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 562 37 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 562 38 area area NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 562 39 under under IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 562 40 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 562 41 demand demand NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 562 42 curve curve NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 562 43 up up IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 562 44 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 562 45 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 562 46 particular particular JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 562 47 point point NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 562 48 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 562 49 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 562 50 consumer consumer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 562 51 surplus surplus NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 562 52 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 562 53 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 562 54 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 562 55 best good JJS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 562 56 measure measure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 562 57 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 562 58 strength strength NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 562 59 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 562 60 preference preference NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 562 61 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 563 1 Once once RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 563 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 563 3 know know VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 563 4 what what WP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 563 5 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 563 6 strongly strongly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 563 7 prefer prefer VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 563 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 563 9 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 563 10 strongly strongly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 563 11 avoid avoid VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 563 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 563 13 we -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 563 14 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 563 15 use use VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 563 16 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 563 17 information information NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 563 18 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 563 19 identify identify VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 563 20 situations situation NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 563 21 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 563 22 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 563 23 unlikely unlikely JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 563 24 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 563 25 fulfil fulfil VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 563 26 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 563 27 needs need NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 563 28 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 563 29 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 563 30 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 563 31 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 563 32 design design VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 563 33 better well JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 563 34 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 563 35 conditions condition NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 563 36 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 563 37 management management NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 563 38 methods method NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 563 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 563 40 Fraser Fraser NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 563 41 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 563 42 Matthews Matthews NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 563 43 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 563 44 1997 1997 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 563 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 563 46 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 1 However however RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 3 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 4 pointed point VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 5 out out RP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 6 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 7 Duncan Duncan NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 9 1978 1978 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 10 Duncan Duncan NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 13 1992 1992 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 14 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 15 all all DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 16 data datum NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 17 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 18 preference preference NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 19 studies study NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 20 must must MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 21 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 22 interpreted interpret VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 23 taking take VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 24 account account NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 25 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 26 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 27 possibilities possibility NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 28 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 29 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 30 firstly firstly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 31 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 32 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 33 individual individual NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 34 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 35 show show VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 36 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 37 positive positive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 38 preference preference NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 39 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 40 something something NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 41 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 42 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 43 shortterm shortterm NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 44 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 45 results result VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 46 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 47 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 48 poor poor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 49 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 50 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 51 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 52 long long JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 53 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 54 term term NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 55 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 56 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 57 secondly secondly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 58 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 59 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 60 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 61 preference preference NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 62 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 63 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 64 simplified simplified JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 65 experimental experimental JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 66 environment environment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 67 needs need VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 68 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 69 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 70 related relate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 71 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 72 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 73 individual individual NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 74 's 's POS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 75 priorities priority NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 76 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 77 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 78 more more RBR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 79 complicated complicated JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 80 real real JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 81 world world NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 564 82 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 565 1 Each each DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 565 2 assessment assessment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 565 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 565 4 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 565 5 will will MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 565 6 pertain pertain VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 565 7 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 565 8 single single JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 565 9 individual individual NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 565 10 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 565 11 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 565 12 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 565 13 particular particular JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 565 14 time time NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 565 15 range range NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 565 16 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 566 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 566 2 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 566 3 overall overall JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 566 4 assessment assessment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 566 5 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 566 6 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 566 7 impact impact NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 566 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 566 9 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 566 10 condition condition NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 566 11 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 566 12 treatment treatment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 566 13 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 566 14 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 566 15 individual individual NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 566 16 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 566 17 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 566 18 very very RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 566 19 brief brief JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 566 20 period period NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 566 21 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 566 22 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 566 23 certain certain JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 566 24 degree degree NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 566 25 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 566 26 good good JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 566 27 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 566 28 poor poor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 566 29 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 566 30 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 566 31 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 566 32 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 566 33 same same JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 566 34 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 566 35 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 566 36 prolonged prolonged JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 566 37 period period NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 566 38 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 567 1 However however RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 567 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 567 3 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 567 4 simple simple JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 567 5 multiplicative multiplicative JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 567 6 function function NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 567 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 567 8 maximum maximum JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 567 9 degree degree NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 567 10 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 567 11 duration duration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 567 12 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 567 13 often often RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 567 14 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 567 15 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 567 16 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 568 1 If if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 568 2 there there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 568 3 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 568 4 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 568 5 net net JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 568 6 effect effect NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 568 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 568 8 poor poor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 568 9 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 568 10 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 568 11 everything everything NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 568 12 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 568 13 plotted plot VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 568 14 against against IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 568 15 time time NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 568 16 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 568 17 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 568 18 best good JJS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 568 19 overall overall JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 568 20 assessment assessment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 568 21 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 568 22 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 568 23 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 568 24 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 568 25 area area NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 568 26 under under IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 568 27 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 568 28 curve curve NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 568 29 thus thus RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 568 30 produced produce VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 568 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 568 32 Broom Broom NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 568 33 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 568 34 2001c 2001c CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 568 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 568 36 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 569 1 7 7 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 569 2 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 570 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 570 2 needs need NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 570 3 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 570 4 functioning functioning NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 570 5 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 570 6 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 570 7 7.1 7.1 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 570 8 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 571 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 571 2 concept concept NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 571 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 571 4 needs need NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 571 5 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 571 6 assessing assess VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 571 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 571 8 needs need NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 571 9 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 571 10 functioning functioning NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 571 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 571 12 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 571 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 571 14 many many JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 571 15 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 571 16 approaches approach NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 571 17 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 571 18 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 571 19 taken take VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 571 20 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 572 1 One one CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 572 2 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 572 3 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 572 4 study study VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 572 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 572 6 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 572 7 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 572 8 fundamental fundamental JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 572 9 level level NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 572 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 572 11 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 572 12 physiology physiology NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 572 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 572 14 behaviour behaviour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 572 15 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 572 16 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 572 17 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 572 18 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 572 19 ways way NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 572 20 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 572 21 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 572 22 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 572 23 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 572 24 evolved evolve VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 572 25 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 572 26 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 572 27 order order NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 572 28 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 572 29 try try VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 572 30 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 572 31 understand understand VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 572 32 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 572 33 causation causation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 572 34 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 572 35 function function NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 572 36 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 573 1 Needs need NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 573 2 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 573 3 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 573 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 573 5 brain brain NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 573 6 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 573 7 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 573 8 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 573 9 fulfilled fulfil VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 573 10 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 573 11 obtaining obtain VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 573 12 resources resource NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 573 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 573 14 physiological physiological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 573 15 change change NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 573 16 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 573 17 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 573 18 carrying carry VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 573 19 out out RP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 573 20 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 573 21 behaviour behaviour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 573 22 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 2 order order NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 3 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 4 conclude conclude VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 5 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 6 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 7 need need NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 8 exists exist VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 9 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 10 show show VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 11 certain certain JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 12 behaviour behaviour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 14 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 15 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 16 necessary necessary JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 17 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 18 demonstrate demonstrate VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 19 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 20 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 21 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 22 used use VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 23 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 24 modern modern JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 25 production production NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 26 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 27 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 28 strongly strongly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 29 motivated motivated JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 30 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 31 show show VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 32 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 33 behaviour behaviour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 34 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 35 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 36 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 37 if if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 38 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 39 need need NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 40 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 41 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 42 provided provide VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 43 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 44 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 45 there there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 46 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 47 signs sign NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 48 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 49 poor poor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 50 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 51 such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 52 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 53 abnormal abnormal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 54 behaviour behaviour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 55 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 56 physiology physiology NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 57 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 58 pathological pathological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 59 effects effect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 60 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 61 see see VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 62 chapter chapter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 63 6 6 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 64 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 574 65 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 575 1 Where where WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 575 2 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 575 3 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 575 4 design design NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 575 5 allows allow VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 575 6 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 575 7 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 575 8 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 575 9 show show VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 575 10 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 575 11 behaviour behaviour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 575 12 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 575 13 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 575 14 need need VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 575 15 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 575 16 show show VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 575 17 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 575 18 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 575 19 will will MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 575 20 promote promote VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 575 21 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 575 22 avoidance avoidance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 575 23 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 575 24 poor poor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 575 25 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 575 26 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 576 1 A a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 576 2 need need NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 576 3 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 576 4 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 576 5 requirement requirement NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 576 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 576 7 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 576 8 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 576 9 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 576 10 consequence consequence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 576 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 576 12 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 576 13 biology biology NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 576 14 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 576 15 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 576 16 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 576 17 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 576 18 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 576 19 obtain obtain VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 576 20 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 576 21 particular particular JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 576 22 resource resource NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 576 23 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 576 24 respond respond VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 576 25 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 576 26 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 576 27 particular particular JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 576 28 environmental environmental JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 576 29 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 576 30 bodily bodily JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 576 31 stimulus stimulus NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 576 32 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 577 1 An an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 577 2 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 577 3 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 577 4 have have VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 577 5 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 577 6 need need NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 577 7 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 577 8 results result NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 577 9 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 577 10 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 577 11 existence existence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 577 12 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 577 13 all all DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 577 14 times time NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 577 15 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 577 16 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 577 17 within within IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 577 18 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 577 19 brain brain NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 577 20 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 577 21 abilities ability NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 577 22 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 577 23 perceive perceive VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 577 24 stimuli stimulus NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 577 25 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 577 26 respond respond VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 577 27 appropriately appropriately RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 577 28 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 578 1 However however RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 578 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 578 3 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 578 4 does do VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 578 5 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 578 6 mean mean VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 578 7 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 578 8 every every DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 578 9 individual individual NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 578 10 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 578 11 all all DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 578 12 times time NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 578 13 needs need VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 578 14 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 578 15 carry carry VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 578 16 out out RP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 578 17 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 578 18 response response NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 578 19 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 579 1 For for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 579 2 example example NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 579 3 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 579 4 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 579 5 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 579 6 has have VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 579 7 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 579 8 need need NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 579 9 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 579 10 avoid avoid VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 579 11 attack attack NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 579 12 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 579 13 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 579 14 predator predator NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 580 1 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 580 2 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 580 3 does do VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 580 4 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 580 5 need need VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 580 6 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 580 7 carry carry VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 580 8 out out RP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 580 9 anti anti JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 580 10 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 580 11 predator predator JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 580 12 behaviour behaviour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 580 13 if if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 580 14 no no DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 580 15 individual individual NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 580 16 perceived perceive VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 580 17 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 580 18 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 580 19 predator predator NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 580 20 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 580 21 present present JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 580 22 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 581 1 There there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 581 2 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 581 3 some some DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 581 4 needs need NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 581 5 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 581 6 require require VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 581 7 urgent urgent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 581 8 fulfilment fulfilment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 581 9 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 581 10 otherwise otherwise RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 581 11 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 581 12 body body NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 581 13 functioning function VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 581 14 will will MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 581 15 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 581 16 impaired impair VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 581 17 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 581 18 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 581 19 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 581 20 medium medium JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 581 21 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 581 22 long long JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 581 23 term term NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 581 24 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 581 25 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 581 26 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 581 27 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 581 28 suffer suffer VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 581 29 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 582 1 For for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 582 2 example example NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 582 3 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 582 4 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 582 5 adequate adequate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 582 6 amount amount NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 582 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 582 8 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 582 9 essential essential JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 582 10 nutrient nutrient NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 582 11 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 582 12 avoidance avoidance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 582 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 582 14 exposure exposure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 582 15 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 582 16 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 582 17 serious serious JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 582 18 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 582 19 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 583 1 There there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 583 2 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 583 3 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 583 4 needs need NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 583 5 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 583 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 583 7 if if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 583 8 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 583 9 fulfilled fulfil VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 583 10 lead lead NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 583 11 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 583 12 frustration frustration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 583 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 583 14 excessive excessive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 583 15 activities activity NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 583 16 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 583 17 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 583 18 attempt attempt NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 583 19 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 583 20 fulfil fulfil VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 583 21 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 583 22 need need NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 583 23 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 584 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 584 2 resulting result VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 584 3 poor poor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 584 4 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 584 5 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 584 6 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 584 7 extreme extreme JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 584 8 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 584 9 prolonged prolonged JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 584 10 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 585 1 Needs need NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 585 2 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 585 3 avoid avoid VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 585 4 predation predation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 585 5 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 585 6 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 585 7 danger danger NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 585 8 mean mean VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 585 9 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 585 10 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 585 11 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 585 12 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 585 13 negative negative JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 585 14 experience experience NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 585 15 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 585 16 some some DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 585 17 situations situation NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 585 18 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 586 1 Close close JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 586 2 human human JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 586 3 presence presence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 586 4 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 586 5 handling handling NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 586 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 586 7 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 586 8 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 586 9 elicit elicit VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 586 10 physiological physiological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 586 11 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 586 12 behavioural behavioural JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 586 13 anti anti JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 586 14 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 586 15 predator predator JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 586 16 responses response NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 586 17 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 587 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 587 2 avoidance avoidance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 587 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 587 4 such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 587 5 situations situation NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 587 6 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 587 7 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 587 8 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 587 9 considered consider VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 587 10 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 587 11 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 587 12 need need NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 587 13 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 588 1 Calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 588 2 require require VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 588 3 space space NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 588 4 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 588 5 perform perform VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 588 6 activities activity NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 588 7 such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 588 8 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 588 9 resting rest VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 588 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 588 11 feeding feeding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 588 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 588 13 exploring explore VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 588 14 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 588 15 interacting interact VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 588 16 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 588 17 escaping escape VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 588 18 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 588 19 perceived perceive VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 588 20 danger danger NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 588 21 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 589 1 To to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 589 2 assess assess VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 589 3 what what WP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 589 4 risks risk NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 589 5 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 589 6 poor poor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 589 7 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 589 8 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 589 9 involved involve VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 589 10 when when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 589 11 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 589 12 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 589 13 circumstances circumstance NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 589 14 do do VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 589 15 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 589 16 allow allow VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 589 17 certain certain JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 589 18 activities activity NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 589 19 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 589 20 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 589 21 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 589 22 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 589 23 helpful helpful JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 589 24 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 589 25 consider consider VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 589 26 why why WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 589 27 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 589 28 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 589 29 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 589 30 intrinsically intrinsically RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 589 31 motivated motivated JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 589 32 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 589 33 perform perform VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 589 34 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 589 35 activities activity NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 589 36 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 590 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 590 2 selection selection NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 590 3 criteria criterion NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 590 4 applied apply VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 590 5 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 590 6 modern modern JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 590 7 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 590 8 genotypes genotype NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 590 9 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 590 10 resulted result VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 590 11 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 590 12 changes change NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 590 13 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 590 14 morphological morphological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 590 15 phenotype phenotype NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 590 16 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 591 1 Although although IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 591 2 these these DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 591 3 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 591 4 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 591 5 altered alter VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 591 6 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 591 7 categories category NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 591 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 591 9 needs need NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 591 10 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 591 11 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 591 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 591 13 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 591 14 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 591 15 have have VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 591 16 altered alter VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 591 17 rates rate NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 591 18 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 591 19 growth growth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 591 20 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 591 21 energy energy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 591 22 partitioning partitioning NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 591 23 so so IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 591 24 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 591 25 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 591 26 timing timing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 591 27 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 591 28 problems problem NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 591 29 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 591 30 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 591 31 probability probability NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 591 32 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 591 33 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 591 34 will will MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 591 35 arise arise VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 591 36 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 591 37 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 591 38 changed change VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 591 39 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 592 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 592 2 overall overall JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 592 3 need need NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 592 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 592 5 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 592 6 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 592 7 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 592 8 maintain maintain VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 592 9 bodily bodily JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 592 10 integrity integrity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 592 11 while while IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 592 12 growing grow VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 592 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 592 14 preparing prepare VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 592 15 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 592 16 adult adult NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 592 17 life life NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 592 18 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 593 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 593 2 order order NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 593 3 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 593 4 do do VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 593 5 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 593 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 593 7 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 593 8 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 593 9 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 593 10 series series NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 593 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 593 12 needs need NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 593 13 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 593 14 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 593 15 relevant relevant JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 593 16 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 593 17 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 593 18 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 593 19 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 593 20 management management NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 593 21 conditions condition NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 593 22 imposed impose VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 593 23 upon upon IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 593 24 them -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 593 25 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 593 26 humans human NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 593 27 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 594 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 594 2 needs need NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 594 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 594 4 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 594 5 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 594 6 described describe VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 594 7 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 594 8 detail detail NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 594 9 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 594 10 Broom Broom NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 594 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 594 12 1991 1991 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 594 13 Broom Broom NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 594 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 594 15 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 594 16 1996 1996 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 594 17 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 595 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 595 2 listing list VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 595 3 needs need NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 595 4 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 595 5 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 595 6 later later JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 595 7 consideration consideration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 595 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 595 9 how how WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 595 10 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 595 11 provide provide VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 595 12 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 595 13 them -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 595 14 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 595 15 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 595 16 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 595 17 assumed assume VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 595 18 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 595 19 extreme extreme JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 595 20 human human JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 595 21 actions action NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 595 22 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 595 23 such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 595 24 deliberately deliberately RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 595 25 creating create VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 595 26 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 595 27 large large JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 595 28 wound wound NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 595 29 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 595 30 infecting infect VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 595 31 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 595 32 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 595 33 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 595 34 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 595 35 dangerous dangerous JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 595 36 pathogen pathogen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 595 37 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 595 38 will will MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 595 39 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 595 40 occur occur VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 595 41 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 596 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 596 2 list list NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 596 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 596 4 needs need NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 596 5 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 596 6 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 596 7 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 596 8 order order NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 596 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 596 10 importance importance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 596 11 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 597 1 Some some DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 597 2 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 597 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 597 4 needs need NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 597 5 mentioned mention VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 597 6 here here RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 597 7 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 597 8 discussed discuss VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 597 9 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 597 10 greater great JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 597 11 length length NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 597 12 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 597 13 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 597 14 previous previous JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 597 15 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 597 16 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 598 1 7.2.1 7.2.1 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 598 2 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 599 1 To to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 599 2 breathe breathe VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 599 3 Calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 599 4 need need VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 599 5 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 599 6 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 599 7 has have VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 599 8 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 599 9 oxygen oxygen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 599 10 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 599 11 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 599 12 low low JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 599 13 level level NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 599 14 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 599 15 noxious noxious JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 599 16 gases gas NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 599 17 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 599 18 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 599 19 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 600 1 Calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 600 2 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 600 3 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 600 4 adversely adversely RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 600 5 affected affect VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 600 6 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 600 7 some some DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 600 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 600 9 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 600 10 gaseous gaseous JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 600 11 products product NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 600 12 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 600 13 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 600 14 breakdown breakdown NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 600 15 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 600 16 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 600 17 faeces faece NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 600 18 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 600 19 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 600 20 show show VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 600 21 preferences preference NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 600 22 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 600 23 help help VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 600 24 them -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 600 25 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 600 26 avoid avoid VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 600 27 any any DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 600 28 harm harm NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 600 29 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 600 30 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 600 31 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 600 32 cause cause VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 600 33 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 601 1 Calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 601 2 need need VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 601 3 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 601 4 rest rest VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 601 5 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 601 6 sleep sleep VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 601 7 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 601 8 order order NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 601 9 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 601 10 recuperate recuperate VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 601 11 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 601 12 avoid avoid VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 601 13 danger danger NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 601 14 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 602 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 602 2 need need VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 602 3 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 602 4 use use VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 602 5 several several JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 602 6 postures posture NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 602 7 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 602 8 include include VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 602 9 one one CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 602 10 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 602 11 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 602 12 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 602 13 rest rest VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 602 14 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 602 15 head head NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 602 16 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 602 17 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 602 18 legs leg NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 602 19 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 602 20 another another DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 602 21 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 602 22 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 602 23 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 602 24 legs leg NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 602 25 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 602 26 fully fully RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 602 27 stretched stretch VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 602 28 out out RP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 602 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 602 30 De De NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 602 31 Wilt Wilt NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 602 32 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 602 33 1985 1985 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 602 34 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 602 35 Smits Smits NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 602 36 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 602 37 1989 1989 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 602 38 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 602 39 1991 1991 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 602 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 602 41 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 603 1 Sleep sleep NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 603 2 disruption disruption NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 603 3 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 603 4 occur occur VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 603 5 if if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 603 6 comfortable comfortable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 603 7 lying lying NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 603 8 positions position NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 603 9 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 603 10 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 603 11 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 603 12 adopted adopt VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 603 13 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 603 14 if if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 603 15 there there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 603 16 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 603 17 disturbance disturbance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 603 18 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 603 19 lying lie VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 603 20 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 603 21 because because IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 603 22 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 603 23 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 603 24 trodden tread VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 603 25 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 603 26 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 603 27 otherwise otherwise RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 603 28 disturbed disturb VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 603 29 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 603 30 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 603 31 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 603 32 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 604 1 Exercise exercise NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 604 2 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 604 3 needed need VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 604 4 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 604 5 normal normal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 604 6 bone bone NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 604 7 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 604 8 muscle muscle NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 604 9 development development NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 604 10 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 605 1 Calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 605 2 choose choose VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 605 3 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 605 4 walk walk VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 605 5 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 605 6 intervals interval NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 605 7 if if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 605 8 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 605 9 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 605 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 605 11 show show VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 605 12 considerable considerable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 605 13 activity activity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 605 14 when when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 605 15 released release VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 605 16 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 605 17 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 605 18 small small JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 605 19 pen pen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 605 20 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 605 21 have have VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 605 22 locomotor locomotor NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 605 23 problems problem NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 605 24 if if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 605 25 confined confine VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 605 26 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 605 27 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 605 28 small small JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 605 29 pen pen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 605 30 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 605 31 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 605 32 long long JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 605 33 period period NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 606 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 606 2 Warnick Warnick NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 606 3 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 606 4 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 606 5 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 606 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 606 7 1977 1977 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 606 8 ; ; . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 607 1 Dellmaier Dellmaier NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 607 2 et et FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 607 3 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 607 4 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 607 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 607 6 1985 1985 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 608 1 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 608 2 Trunkfield Trunkfield NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 608 3 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 608 4 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 608 5 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 608 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 608 7 1991 1991 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 608 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 608 9 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 609 1 Calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 609 2 living live VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 609 3 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 609 4 natural natural JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 609 5 conditions condition NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 609 6 would would MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 609 7 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 609 8 very very RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 609 9 vulnerable vulnerable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 609 10 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 609 11 predation predation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 609 12 when when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 609 13 young young JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 609 14 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 610 1 As as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 610 2 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 610 3 consequence consequence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 610 4 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 610 5 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 610 6 biological biological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 610 7 functioning functioning NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 610 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 610 9 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 610 10 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 610 11 strongly strongly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 610 12 adapted adapt VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 610 13 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 610 14 maximise maximise VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 610 15 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 610 16 chance chance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 610 17 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 610 18 recognition recognition NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 610 19 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 610 20 danger danger NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 610 21 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 610 22 escape escape VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 610 23 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 610 24 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 610 25 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 611 1 Calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 611 2 respond respond VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 611 3 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 611 4 sudden sudden JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 611 5 events event NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 611 6 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 611 7 approaches approach NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 611 8 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 611 9 humans human NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 611 10 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 611 11 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 611 12 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 611 13 perceived perceive VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 611 14 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 611 15 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 611 16 potentially potentially RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 611 17 dangerous dangerous JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 611 18 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 611 19 substantial substantial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 611 20 sympathetic sympathetic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 611 21 nervous nervous JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 611 22 system system NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 611 23 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 611 24 hypothalamic hypothalamic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 611 25 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 611 26 pituitary pituitary NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 611 27 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 611 28 adrenocortical adrenocortical NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 611 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 611 30 HPA HPA NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 611 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 611 32 changes change NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 611 33 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 612 1 These these DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 612 2 physiological physiological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 612 3 changes change NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 612 4 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 612 5 followed follow VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 612 6 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 612 7 rapid rapid JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 612 8 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 612 9 often often RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 612 10 vigorous vigorous JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 612 11 behavioural behavioural JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 612 12 responses response NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 612 13 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 613 1 Fear fear NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 613 2 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 613 3 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 613 4 major major JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 613 5 factor factor NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 613 6 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 613 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 613 8 life life NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 613 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 613 10 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 613 11 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 613 12 has have VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 613 13 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 613 14 great great JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 613 15 effect effect NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 613 16 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 613 17 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 613 18 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 613 19 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 614 1 7.2.5 7.2.5 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 614 2 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 615 1 To to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 615 2 feed feed VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 615 3 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 615 4 drink drink VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 615 5 7.2.5.1 7.2.5.1 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 615 6 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 616 1 Sucking suck VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 616 2 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 616 3 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 616 4 needs need VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 616 5 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 616 6 attempt attempt VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 616 7 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 616 8 obtain obtain VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 616 9 nutrients nutrient NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 616 10 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 616 11 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 616 12 very very RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 616 13 early early JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 616 14 stage stage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 616 15 after after IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 616 16 birth birth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 616 17 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 616 18 shows show VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 616 19 behavioural behavioural JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 616 20 responses response NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 616 21 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 616 22 maximise maximise VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 616 23 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 616 24 chance chance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 616 25 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 617 1 As as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 617 2 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 617 3 consequence consequence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 617 4 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 617 5 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 617 6 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 617 7 early early JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 617 8 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 617 9 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 617 10 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 617 11 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 617 12 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 617 13 very very RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 617 14 strong strong JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 617 15 need need NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 617 16 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 617 17 show show VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 617 18 sucking suck VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 617 19 behaviour behaviour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 617 20 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 617 21 if if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 617 22 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 617 23 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 617 24 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 617 25 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 617 26 obtaining obtain VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 617 27 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 617 28 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 617 29 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 617 30 real real JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 617 31 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 617 32 artificial artificial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 617 33 teat teat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 617 34 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 617 35 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 617 36 sucks suck VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 617 37 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 617 38 objects object NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 617 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 617 40 Broom Broom NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 617 41 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 617 42 1982 1982 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 617 43 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 617 44 Broom Broom NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 617 45 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 617 46 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 617 47 1991 1991 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 617 48 Metz Metz NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 617 49 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 617 50 1984 1984 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 617 51 ; ; . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 618 1 Hammell Hammell NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 618 2 et et FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 618 3 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 618 4 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 618 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 618 6 1988 1988 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 618 7 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 618 8 Jung Jung NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 618 9 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 618 10 Lidfors Lidfors NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 618 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 618 12 2001 2001 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 618 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 618 14 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 619 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 619 2 need need NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 619 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 619 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 619 5 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 619 6 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 619 7 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 619 8 just just RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 619 9 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 619 10 have have VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 619 11 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 619 12 colostrum colostrum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 619 13 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 619 14 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 619 15 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 619 16 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 619 17 gut gut NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 619 18 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 619 19 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 619 20 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 619 21 carry carry VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 619 22 out out RP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 619 23 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 619 24 sucking suck VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 619 25 behaviour behaviour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 619 26 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 619 27 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 619 28 suitable suitable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 619 29 object object NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 619 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 619 31 Jensen Jensen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 619 32 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 619 33 2003 2003 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 619 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 619 35 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 620 1 Further further RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 620 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 620 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 620 4 sucking sucking NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 620 5 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 620 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 620 7 importance importance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 620 8 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 620 9 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 620 10 release release NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 620 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 620 12 gastrointestinal gastrointestinal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 620 13 hormones hormone NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 620 14 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 621 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 621 2 has have VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 621 3 been be VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 621 4 shown show VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 621 5 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 621 6 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 621 7 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 621 8 oxytocin oxytocin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 621 9 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 621 10 released release VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 621 11 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 621 12 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 621 13 ingestion ingestion NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 621 14 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 622 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 622 2 amount amount NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 622 3 released release VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 622 4 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 622 5 however however RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 622 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 622 7 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 622 8 less less JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 622 9 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 622 10 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 622 11 drinking drink VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 622 12 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 622 13 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 622 14 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 622 15 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 622 16 bucket bucket NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 622 17 compared compare VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 622 18 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 622 19 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 622 20 suckling suckle VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 622 21 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 622 22 dam dam NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 622 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 622 24 Samuelsson Samuelsson NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 622 25 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 622 26 1996 1996 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 622 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 622 28 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 623 1 Peripheral peripheral JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 623 2 oxytocin oxytocin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 623 3 stimulates stimulate VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 623 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 623 5 release release NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 623 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 623 7 glucagon glucagon NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 623 8 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 623 9 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 623 10 pancreas pancreas NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 623 11 whereas whereas IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 623 12 central central JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 623 13 oxytocin oxytocin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 623 14 increases increase VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 623 15 hunger hunger NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 623 16 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 623 17 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 623 18 release release NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 623 19 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 623 20 gastrointestinal gastrointestinal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 623 21 hormones hormone NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 623 22 promoting promote VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 623 23 growth growth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 623 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 623 25 Stock Stock NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 623 26 et et FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 623 27 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 623 28 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 623 29 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 623 30 1990 1990 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 623 31 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 623 32 Björkstrand Björkstrand NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 623 33 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 623 34 1995 1995 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 623 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 623 36 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 624 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 624 2 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 624 3 early early JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 624 4 days day NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 624 5 after after IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 624 6 birth birth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 624 7 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 624 8 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 624 9 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 624 10 motivated motivated JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 624 11 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 624 12 suck suck VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 624 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 624 14 obtain obtain VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 624 15 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 624 16 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 625 1 However however RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 625 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 625 3 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 625 4 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 625 5 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 625 6 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 625 7 need need NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 625 8 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 625 9 obtain obtain VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 625 10 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 625 11 water water NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 625 12 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 625 13 will will MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 625 14 drink drink VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 625 15 water water NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 625 16 even even RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 625 17 when when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 625 18 fed feed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 625 19 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 625 20 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 626 1 If if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 626 2 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 626 3 temperature temperature NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 626 4 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 626 5 high high JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 626 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 626 7 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 626 8 will will MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 626 9 drink drink VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 626 10 water water NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 626 11 if if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 626 12 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 626 13 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 626 14 available available JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 626 15 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 626 16 sick sick JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 626 17 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 626 18 will will MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 626 19 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 626 20 choose choose VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 626 21 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 626 22 drink drink VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 626 23 water water NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 626 24 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 627 1 If if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 627 2 water water NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 627 3 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 627 4 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 627 5 available available JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 627 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 627 7 over over IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 627 8 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 627 9 heated heat VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 627 10 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 627 11 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 627 12 sick sick JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 627 13 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 627 14 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 627 15 become become VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 627 16 dehydrated dehydrated JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 627 17 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 628 1 Sick sick JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 628 2 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 628 3 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 628 4 become become VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 628 5 dehydrated dehydrated JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 628 6 even even RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 628 7 when when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 628 8 water water NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 628 9 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 628 10 offered offer VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 628 11 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 629 1 Calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 629 2 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 629 3 acidosis acidosis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 629 4 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 629 5 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 629 6 without without IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 629 7 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 629 8 often often RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 629 9 lose lose VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 629 10 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 629 11 suckling suckling NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 629 12 reflex reflex NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 629 13 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 630 1 This this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 630 2 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 630 3 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 630 4 happen happen VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 630 5 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 630 6 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 630 7 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 630 8 hypoglycaemia hypoglycaemia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 630 9 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 630 10 septicaemia septicaemia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 630 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 630 12 Berthold Berthold NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 630 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 630 14 pers pers NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 630 15 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 630 16 com com NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 630 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 630 18 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 631 1 After after IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 631 2 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 631 3 first first JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 631 4 few few JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 631 5 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 631 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 631 7 life life NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 631 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 631 9 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 631 10 attempt attempt VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 631 11 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 631 12 start start VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 631 13 ruminating ruminate VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 631 14 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 632 1 If if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 632 2 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 632 3 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 632 4 received receive VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 632 5 no no DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 632 6 solid solid JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 632 7 material material NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 632 8 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 632 9 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 632 10 diet diet NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 632 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 632 12 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 632 13 still still RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 632 14 try try VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 632 15 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 632 16 ruminate ruminate VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 632 17 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 632 18 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 632 19 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 632 20 show show VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 632 21 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 632 22 full full JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 632 23 rumination rumination NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 632 24 behaviour behaviour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 632 25 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 633 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 633 2 addition addition NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 633 3 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 633 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 633 5 need need NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 633 6 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 633 7 suck suck VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 633 8 when when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 633 9 young young JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 633 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 633 11 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 633 12 need need VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 633 13 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 633 14 manipulate manipulate VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 633 15 material material NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 633 16 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 633 17 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 633 18 mouths mouth NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 633 19 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 634 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 634 2 try try VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 634 3 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 634 4 do do VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 634 5 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 634 6 whether whether IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 634 7 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 634 8 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 634 9 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 634 10 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 634 11 access access NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 634 12 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 634 13 solid solid JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 634 14 material material NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 634 15 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 634 16 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 634 17 will will MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 634 18 seek seek VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 634 19 out out RP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 634 20 solid solid JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 634 21 material material NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 634 22 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 634 23 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 634 24 subsequently subsequently RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 634 25 manipulate manipulate VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 634 26 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 635 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 635 2 Van Van NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 635 3 Putten Putten NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 635 4 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 635 5 Elshof Elshof NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 635 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 635 7 1978 1978 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 635 8 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 635 9 Webster Webster NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 635 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 635 11 1984 1984 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 635 12 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 635 13 Webster Webster NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 635 14 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 635 15 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 635 16 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 635 17 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 635 18 1985 1985 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 635 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 635 20 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 636 1 Calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 636 2 eat eat VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 636 3 solid solid JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 636 4 food food NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 636 5 better well RBR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 636 6 when when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 636 7 water water NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 636 8 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 636 9 offered offer VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 636 10 simultaneously simultaneously RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 636 11 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 637 1 Certain certain JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 637 2 rapidly rapidly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 637 3 digestible digestible JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 637 4 carbohydrates carbohydrate NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 637 5 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 637 6 necessary necessary JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 637 7 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 637 8 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 637 9 development development NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 637 10 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 637 11 ruminal ruminal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 637 12 papillae papilla NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 637 13 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 637 14 associated associated JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 637 15 physiological physiological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 637 16 development development NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 637 17 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 637 18 fibrous fibrous JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 637 19 roughage roughage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 637 20 helps help VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 637 21 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 637 22 anatomical anatomical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 637 23 development development NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 637 24 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 637 25 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 637 26 rumen rumen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 637 27 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 638 1 So so CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 638 2 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 638 3 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 638 4 clear clear JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 638 5 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 638 6 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 638 7 need need VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 638 8 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 638 9 solid solid JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 638 10 food food NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 638 11 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 638 12 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 638 13 diet diet NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 638 14 after after IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 638 15 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 638 16 first first JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 638 17 few few JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 638 18 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 638 19 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 638 20 life life NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 638 21 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 638 22 first first RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 638 23 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 638 24 food food NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 638 25 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 638 26 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 638 27 digested digest VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 638 28 rapidly rapidly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 638 29 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 638 30 provide provide VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 638 31 fatty fatty JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 638 32 acids acid NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 638 33 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 638 34 then then RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 638 35 fibrous fibrous JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 638 36 foods food NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 638 37 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 639 1 Rumen Rumen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 639 2 development development NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 639 3 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 639 4 enhanced enhance VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 639 5 when when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 639 6 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 639 7 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 639 8 fed feed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 639 9 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 639 10 concentrates concentrate NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 639 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 639 12 water water NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 639 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 639 14 roughage roughage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 639 15 such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 639 16 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 639 17 hay hay NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 639 18 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 640 1 7.2.8 7.2.8 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 640 2 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 641 1 To to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 641 2 explore explore VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 641 3 Exploration Exploration NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 641 4 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 641 5 important important JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 641 6 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 641 7 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 641 8 means means NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 641 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 641 10 preparing prepare VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 641 11 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 641 12 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 641 13 avoidance avoidance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 641 14 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 641 15 danger danger NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 641 16 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 641 17 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 641 18 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 641 19 behaviour behaviour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 641 20 shown show VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 641 21 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 641 22 all all DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 641 23 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 641 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 641 25 Kiley Kiley NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 641 26 Worthington Worthington NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 641 27 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 641 28 de de NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 641 29 la la NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 641 30 Plain Plain NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 641 31 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 641 32 1983 1983 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 641 33 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 641 34 Fraser Fraser NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 641 35 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 641 36 Broom Broom NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 641 37 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 641 38 1990 1990 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 641 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 641 40 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 642 1 Exploration exploration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 642 2 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 642 3 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 642 4 valuable valuable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 642 5 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 642 6 establishing establish VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 642 7 where where WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 642 8 food food NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 642 9 sources source NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 642 10 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 642 11 located locate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 642 12 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 643 1 Calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 643 2 need need VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 643 3 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 643 4 explore explore VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 643 5 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 643 6 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 643 7 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 643 8 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 643 9 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 643 10 higher high JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 643 11 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 643 12 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 643 13 stereotypes stereotype NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 643 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 643 15 Dannemann Dannemann NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 643 16 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 643 17 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 643 18 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 643 19 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 643 20 1985 1985 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 643 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 643 22 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 643 23 fearfulness fearfulness NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 643 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 643 25 Webster Webster NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 643 26 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 643 27 Saville Saville NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 643 28 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 643 29 1981 1981 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 643 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 643 31 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 643 32 poorly poorly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 643 33 lit light VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 643 34 buildings building NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 643 35 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 643 36 otherwise otherwise RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 643 37 inadequate inadequate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 643 38 conditions condition NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 643 39 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 643 40 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 643 41 consequence consequence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 643 42 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 643 43 inability inability NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 643 44 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 643 45 explore explore VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 643 46 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 644 1 7.2.9 7.2.9 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 644 2 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 645 1 To to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 645 2 have have VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 645 3 social social JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 645 4 contact contact NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 645 5 7.2.9.1 7.2.9.1 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 645 6 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 646 1 Maternal maternal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 646 2 contact contact NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 647 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 647 2 needs need NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 647 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 647 4 young young JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 647 5 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 647 6 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 647 7 met meet VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 647 8 most most RBS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 647 9 effectively effectively RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 647 10 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 647 11 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 647 12 presence presence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 647 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 647 14 actions action NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 647 15 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 647 16 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 647 17 mothers mother NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 647 18 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 648 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 648 2 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 648 3 absence absence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 648 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 648 5 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 648 6 mothers mother NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 648 7 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 648 8 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 648 9 associate associate VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 648 10 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 648 11 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 648 12 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 648 13 if if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 648 14 possible possible JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 648 15 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 648 16 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 648 17 show show VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 648 18 much much JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 648 19 social social JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 648 20 behaviour behaviour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 648 21 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 649 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 649 2 need need NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 649 3 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 649 4 show show VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 649 5 full full JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 649 6 social social JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 649 7 interaction interaction NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 649 8 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 649 9 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 649 10 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 649 11 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 649 12 evident evident JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 649 13 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 649 14 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 649 15 preferences preference NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 649 16 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 649 17 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 649 18 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 649 19 adverse adverse JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 649 20 effects effect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 649 21 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 649 22 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 649 23 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 649 24 social social JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 649 25 isolation isolation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 649 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 649 27 Broom Broom NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 649 28 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 649 29 Leaver Leaver NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 649 30 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 649 31 1978 1978 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 649 32 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 649 33 Dantzer Dantzer NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 649 34 et et FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 649 35 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 649 36 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 649 37 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 649 38 1983 1983 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 649 39 ; ; . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 650 1 Friend friend NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 650 2 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 650 3 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 650 4 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 650 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 650 6 1985 1985 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 650 7 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 650 8 Lidfors Lidfors NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 650 9 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 650 10 1993 1993 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 650 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 650 12 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 651 1 To to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 651 2 minimise minimise VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 651 3 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 651 4 During during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 651 5 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 651 6 first first JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 651 7 few few JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 651 8 hours hour NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 651 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 651 10 life life NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 651 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 651 12 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 651 13 vigorous vigorous JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 651 14 attempts attempt NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 651 15 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 651 16 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 651 17 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 651 18 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 651 19 find find VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 651 20 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 651 21 teat teat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 651 22 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 651 23 suckle suckle VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 651 24 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 651 25 result result VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 651 26 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 651 27 obtaining obtain VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 651 28 colostrum colostrum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 651 29 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 651 30 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 651 31 mother mother NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 651 32 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 652 1 This this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 652 2 colostrum colostrum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 652 3 includes include VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 652 4 immunoglobulins immunoglobulin NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 652 5 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 652 6 provide provide VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 652 7 passive passive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 652 8 protection protection NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 652 9 against against IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 652 10 infectious infectious JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 652 11 agents agent NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 652 12 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 653 1 Hence hence RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 653 2 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 653 3 needs need NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 653 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 653 5 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 653 6 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 653 7 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 653 8 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 653 9 evident evident JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 653 10 function function NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 653 11 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 653 12 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 653 13 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 653 14 just just RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 653 15 nutritional nutritional JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 653 16 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 654 1 Calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 654 2 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 654 3 show show VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 654 4 preferences preference NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 654 5 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 654 6 avoid avoid VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 654 7 grazing graze VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 654 8 close close RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 654 9 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 654 10 faeces faece NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 654 11 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 655 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 655 2 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 655 3 react react VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 655 4 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 655 5 some some DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 655 6 insects insect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 655 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 655 8 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 655 9 type type NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 655 10 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 655 11 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 655 12 transmit transmit VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 655 13 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 655 14 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 656 1 If if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 656 2 infected infect VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 656 3 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 656 4 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 656 5 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 656 6 parasites parasite NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 656 7 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 656 8 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 656 9 will will MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 656 10 show show VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 656 11 sickness sickness NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 656 12 behaviour behaviour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 656 13 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 656 14 tends tend VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 656 15 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 656 16 minimise minimise VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 656 17 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 656 18 adverse adverse JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 656 19 effects effect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 656 20 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 656 21 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 656 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 656 23 Broom Broom NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 656 24 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 656 25 Kirkden Kirkden NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 656 26 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 656 27 2004 2004 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 656 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 656 29 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 657 1 Young young JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 657 2 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 657 3 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 657 4 less less JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 657 5 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 657 6 four four CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 657 7 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 657 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 657 9 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 657 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 657 11 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 657 12 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 657 13 well well RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 657 14 adapted adapt VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 657 15 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 657 16 cope cope VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 657 17 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 657 18 stressful stressful JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 657 19 events event NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 657 20 such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 657 21 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 657 22 handling handling NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 657 23 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 657 24 transport transport NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 657 25 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 657 26 often often RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 657 27 suffering suffer VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 657 28 very very RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 657 29 high high JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 657 30 rates rate NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 657 31 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 657 32 mortality mortality NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 657 33 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 657 34 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 657 35 younger young JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 657 36 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 657 37 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 657 38 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 657 39 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 657 40 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 657 41 higher high JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 657 42 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 657 43 mortality mortality NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 657 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 657 45 Staples Staples NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 657 46 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 657 47 Haugse Haugse NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 657 48 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 657 49 1974 1974 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 657 50 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 658 1 Mormède Mormède NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 658 2 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 658 3 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 658 4 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 659 1 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 659 2 1982 1982 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 659 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 659 4 many many JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 659 5 succumbing succumb VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 659 6 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 659 7 pneumonia pneumonia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 659 8 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 659 9 scouring scouring NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 659 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 659 11 within within IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 659 12 four four CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 659 13 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 659 14 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 659 15 arrival arrival NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 659 16 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 659 17 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 659 18 rearing rearing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 659 19 unit unit NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 659 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 659 21 Staples Staples NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 659 22 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 659 23 Haugse Haugse NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 659 24 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 659 25 1974 1974 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 659 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 659 27 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 660 1 An an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 660 2 inability inability NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 660 3 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 660 4 mount mount VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 660 5 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 660 6 effective effective JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 660 7 glucocorticoid glucocorticoid NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 660 8 response response NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 660 9 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 660 10 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 660 11 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 660 12 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 660 13 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 660 14 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 660 15 short short JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 660 16 term term NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 660 17 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 660 18 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 660 19 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 660 20 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 660 21 contributing contribute VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 660 22 factor factor NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 660 23 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 660 24 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 660 25 high high JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 660 26 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 660 27 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 660 28 morbidity morbidity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 660 29 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 660 30 mortality mortality NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 660 31 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 660 32 occur occur VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 660 33 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 660 34 young young JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 660 35 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 660 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 660 37 Knowles Knowles NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 660 38 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 660 39 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 660 40 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 660 41 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 660 42 1997 1997 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 660 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 661 1 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 661 2 may may NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 661 3 neutrophilia neutrophilia NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 662 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 662 2 Simensen Simensen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 662 3 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 662 4 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 662 5 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 663 1 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 663 2 1980 1980 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 663 3 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 663 4 Kegley Kegley NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 663 5 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 663 6 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 663 7 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 663 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 663 9 1997 1997 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 663 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 664 1 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 664 2 lymphopaenia lymphopaenia NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 664 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 664 4 Murata Murata NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 664 5 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 664 6 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 664 7 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 664 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 664 9 1985 1985 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 664 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 664 11 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 664 12 suppression suppression NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 664 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 664 14 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 664 15 cell cell NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 664 16 mediated mediate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 664 17 immune immune JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 664 18 response response NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 664 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 664 20 Kelley Kelley NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 664 21 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 664 22 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 664 23 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 664 24 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 664 25 1981 1981 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 664 26 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 664 27 MacKenzie MacKenzie NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 664 28 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 664 29 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 664 30 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 664 31 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 664 32 1997 1997 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 664 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 664 34 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 665 1 To to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 665 2 groom groom VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 665 3 Grooming grooming NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 665 4 behaviour behaviour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 665 5 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 665 6 important important JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 665 7 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 665 8 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 665 9 means means NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 665 10 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 665 11 minimising minimise VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 665 12 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 665 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 665 14 parasitism parasitism NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 665 15 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 665 16 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 665 17 make make VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 665 18 considerable considerable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 665 19 efforts effort NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 665 20 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 665 21 groom groom VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 665 22 themselves -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 665 23 thoroughly thoroughly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 665 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 665 25 Fraser Fraser NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 665 26 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 665 27 Broom Broom NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 665 28 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 665 29 1990 1990 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 665 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 665 31 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 666 1 Calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 666 2 need need VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 666 3 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 666 4 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 666 5 able able JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 666 6 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 666 7 groom groom VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 666 8 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 666 9 whole whole JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 666 10 bodies body NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 666 11 effectively effectively RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 666 12 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 667 1 To to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 667 2 thermoregulation thermoregulation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 667 3 Calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 667 4 need need VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 667 5 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 667 6 maintain maintain VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 667 7 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 667 8 body body NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 667 9 temperature temperature NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 667 10 within within IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 667 11 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 667 12 tolerable tolerable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 667 13 range range NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 667 14 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 668 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 668 2 do do VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 668 3 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 668 4 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 668 5 means mean NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 668 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 668 7 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 668 8 variety variety NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 668 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 668 10 behavioural behavioural JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 668 11 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 668 12 physiological physiological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 668 13 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 668 14 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 669 1 7.2.12.1 7.2.12.1 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 669 2 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 670 1 Selection selection NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 670 2 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 670 3 location location NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 670 4 When when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 670 5 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 670 6 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 670 7 over over RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 670 8 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 670 9 heated heated JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 670 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 670 11 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 670 12 when when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 670 13 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 670 14 detect detect VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 670 15 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 670 16 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 670 17 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 670 18 likely likely JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 670 19 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 670 20 become become VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 670 21 over over RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 670 22 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 670 23 heated heated JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 670 24 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 670 25 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 670 26 move move VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 670 27 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 670 28 locations location NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 670 29 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 670 30 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 670 31 cooler cool JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 670 32 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 671 1 If if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 671 2 no no DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 671 3 such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 671 4 movement movement NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 671 5 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 671 6 possible possible JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 671 7 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 671 8 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 671 9 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 671 10 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 671 11 become become VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 671 12 disturbed disturbed JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 671 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 671 14 thus thus RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 671 15 exacerbating exacerbate VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 671 16 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 671 17 problem problem NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 671 18 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 671 19 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 671 20 changes change NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 671 21 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 671 22 behaviour behaviour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 671 23 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 671 24 physiology physiology NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 671 25 will will MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 671 26 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 671 27 employed employ VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 671 28 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 672 1 Responses response NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 672 2 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 672 3 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 672 4 temperature temperature NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 672 5 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 672 6 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 672 7 too too RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 672 8 low low JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 672 9 will will MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 672 10 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 672 11 involve involve VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 672 12 location location NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 672 13 change change NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 672 14 if if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 672 15 possible possible JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 672 16 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 673 1 7.2.12.2 7.2.12.2 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 673 2 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 674 1 Body body NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 674 2 position position NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 674 3 Over over RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 674 4 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 674 5 heated heated JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 674 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 674 7 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 674 8 potentially potentially RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 674 9 over over RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 674 10 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 674 11 heated heated JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 675 1 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 675 2 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 675 3 adopt adopt VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 675 4 positions position NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 675 5 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 675 6 maximise maximise VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 675 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 675 8 surface surface NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 675 9 area area NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 675 10 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 675 11 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 675 12 heat heat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 675 13 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 675 14 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 675 15 lost lose VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 675 16 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 676 1 Such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 676 2 positions position NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 676 3 often often RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 676 4 involve involve VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 676 5 stretching stretch VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 676 6 out out RP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 676 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 676 8 legs leg NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 676 9 laterally laterally RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 676 10 if if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 676 11 lying lie VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 676 12 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 676 13 avoiding avoid VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 676 14 contact contact NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 676 15 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 676 16 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 676 17 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 676 18 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 676 19 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 676 20 insulating insulate VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 676 21 materials material NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 676 22 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 677 1 If if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 677 2 too too RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 677 3 cold cold JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 677 4 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 677 5 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 677 6 fold fold VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 677 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 677 8 legs leg NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 677 9 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 677 10 lie lie VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 677 11 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 677 12 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 677 13 posture posture NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 677 14 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 677 15 minimises minimise VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 677 16 surface surface NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 677 17 area area NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 677 18 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 678 1 7.2.12.3 7.2.12.3 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 678 2 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 679 1 Water water NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 679 2 drinking drink VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 679 3 Over over IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 679 4 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 679 5 heated heat VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 679 6 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 679 7 will will MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 679 8 attempt attempt VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 679 9 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 679 10 drink drink VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 679 11 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 679 12 order order NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 679 13 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 679 14 increase increase VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 679 15 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 679 16 efficiency efficiency NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 679 17 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 679 18 methods method NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 679 19 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 679 20 cooling cool VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 679 21 themselves -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 679 22 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 680 1 To to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 680 2 avoid avoid VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 680 3 harmful harmful JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 680 4 chemical chemical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 680 5 agents agent NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 680 6 Calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 680 7 need need VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 680 8 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 680 9 avoid avoid VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 680 10 ingesting ingest VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 680 11 toxic toxic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 680 12 substances substance NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 680 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 680 14 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 680 15 react react VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 680 16 appropriately appropriately RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 680 17 if if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 680 18 harmful harmful JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 680 19 chemical chemical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 680 20 agents agent NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 680 21 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 680 22 detected detect VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 680 23 within within IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 680 24 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 680 25 bodies body NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 680 26 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 681 1 7.2.14 7.2.14 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 681 2 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 682 1 To to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 682 2 avoid avoid VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 682 3 pain pain NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 682 4 Calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 682 5 need need VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 682 6 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 682 7 avoid avoid VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 682 8 any any DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 682 9 environmental environmental JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 682 10 impact impact NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 682 11 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 682 12 pathological pathological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 682 13 condition condition NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 682 14 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 682 15 causes cause VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 682 16 pain pain NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 682 17 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 683 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 683 2 text text NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 683 3 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 683 4 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 683 5 section section NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 683 6 refers refer VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 683 7 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 683 8 current current JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 683 9 situation situation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 683 10 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 683 11 EU EU NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 683 12 countries country NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 683 13 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 684 1 Calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 684 2 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 684 3 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 684 4 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 684 5 countries country NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 684 6 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 684 7 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 684 8 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 684 9 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 685 1 Replacement replacement NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 685 2 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 685 3 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 685 4 8.1.1 8.1.1 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 685 5 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 686 1 Diet Diet NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 686 2 Brief brief JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 686 3 description description NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 686 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 686 5 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 686 6 diet diet NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 686 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 686 8 replacement replacement NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 686 9 heifer heifer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 686 10 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 686 11 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 687 1 This this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 687 2 has have VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 687 3 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 687 4 really really RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 687 5 changed change VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 687 6 since since IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 687 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 687 8 1995 1995 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 687 9 Report Report NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 687 10 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 688 1 Following follow VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 688 2 birth birth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 688 3 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 688 4 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 688 5 receive receive VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 688 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 688 7 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 688 8 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 688 9 receive receive VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 688 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 688 11 colostrum colostrum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 688 12 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 688 13 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 688 14 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 688 15 reared rear VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 688 16 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 688 17 whole whole JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 688 18 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 688 19 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 688 20 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 688 21 replacer replacer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 688 22 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 689 1 Calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 689 2 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 689 3 weaned wean VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 689 4 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 689 5 weaning wean VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 689 6 ages age NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 689 7 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 689 8 weaning wean VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 689 9 strategies strategy NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 689 10 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 689 11 differ differ VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 689 12 according accord VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 689 13 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 689 14 region region NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 689 15 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 689 16 country country NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 689 17 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 690 1 Briefly briefly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 690 2 mention mention VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 690 3 current current JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 690 4 weaning weaning NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 690 5 strategies strategy NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 690 6 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 691 1 Calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 691 2 receive receive VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 691 3 starter starter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 691 4 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 691 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 691 6 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 691 7 example example NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 691 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 691 9 hay hay NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 691 10 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 691 11 maize maize NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 691 12 silage silage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 691 13 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 691 14 promote promote VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 691 15 rumen rumen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 691 16 development development NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 691 17 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 692 1 According accord VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 692 2 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 692 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 692 4 latest late JJS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 692 5 EU EU NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 692 6 regulation regulation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 692 7 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 692 8 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 692 9 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 692 10 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 692 11 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 692 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 692 13 Council Council NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 692 14 Directive Directive NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 692 15 EU EU NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 692 16 97/2 97/2 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 692 17 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 692 18 EC EC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 692 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 692 20 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 692 21 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 692 22 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 692 23 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 692 24 compulsory compulsory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 692 25 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 692 26 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 692 27 older old JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 692 28 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 692 29 8 8 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 692 30 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 692 31 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 692 32 unless unless IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 692 33 there there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 692 34 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 692 35 any any DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 692 36 need need NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 692 37 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 692 38 isolation isolation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 692 39 certified certify VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 692 40 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 692 41 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 692 42 veterinarian veterinarian NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 692 43 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 693 1 Individual individual JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 693 2 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 693 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 693 4 rearing rear VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 693 5 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 693 6 younger young JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 693 7 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 693 8 8 8 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 693 9 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 693 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 693 11 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 693 12 quite quite RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 693 13 common common JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 693 14 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 693 15 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 693 16 European european JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 693 17 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 693 18 industry industry NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 693 19 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 694 1 Below below RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 694 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 694 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 694 4 most most RBS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 694 5 important important JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 694 6 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 694 7 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 694 8 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 694 9 replacement replacement NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 694 10 heifer heifer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 694 11 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 694 12 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 694 13 briefly briefly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 694 14 listed list VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 694 15 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 695 1 8.1.2.1 8.1.2.1 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 695 2 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 696 1 Hutches hutch NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 696 2 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 696 3 partially partially RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 696 4 closed closed JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 696 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 696 6 outside outside JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 696 7 area area NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 696 8 Hutches hutch NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 696 9 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 696 10 made make VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 696 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 696 12 plywood plywood NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 696 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 696 14 plastic plastic NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 696 15 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 696 16 fibre fibre NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 696 17 glass glass NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 696 18 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 697 1 If if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 697 2 hutches hutch NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 697 3 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 697 4 made make VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 697 5 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 697 6 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 697 7 synthetic synthetic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 697 8 opaque opaque JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 697 9 material material NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 697 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 697 11 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 697 12 prevents prevent VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 697 13 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 697 14 greenhouse greenhouse NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 697 15 effect effect NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 697 16 inside inside IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 697 17 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 697 18 hutch hutch NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 697 19 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 697 20 reduces reduce VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 697 21 heat heat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 697 22 stress stress NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 697 23 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 698 1 If if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 698 2 reflective reflective JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 698 3 material material NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 698 4 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 698 5 used use VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 698 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 698 7 light light JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 698 8 coloured coloured JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 698 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 698 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 698 11 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 698 12 sun sun NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 698 13 rays ray NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 698 14 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 698 15 reflected reflect VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 698 16 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 698 17 reduces reduce VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 698 18 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 698 19 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 698 20 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 698 21 overheating overheat VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 698 22 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 699 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 699 2 size size NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 699 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 699 4 hutches hutch NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 699 5 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 699 6 vary vary VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 699 7 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 699 8 1.2 1.2 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 699 9 - - SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 699 10 1.5 1.5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 699 11 m m NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 699 12 width width NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 699 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 699 14 2.0 2.0 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 699 15 - - SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 699 16 2.4 2.4 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 699 17 m m CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 699 18 length length NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 699 19 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 700 1 A a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 700 2 layer layer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 700 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 700 4 sand sand NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 700 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 700 6 e.g. e.g. RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 700 7 15 15 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 700 8 cm cm NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 700 9 gravel gravel NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 700 10 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 700 11 crushed crush VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 700 12 stone stone NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 700 13 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 700 14 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 700 15 placed place VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 700 16 under under IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 700 17 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 700 18 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 700 19 hutch hutch NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 700 20 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 701 1 Litter litter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 701 2 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 701 3 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 701 4 provided provide VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 701 5 preferably preferably RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 701 6 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 701 7 straw straw NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 701 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 701 9 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 701 10 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 701 11 provides provide VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 701 12 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 701 13 warmest warm JJS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 701 14 surface surface NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 701 15 temperature temperature NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 701 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 701 17 Panivivat Panivivat NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 701 18 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 701 19 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 701 20 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 701 21 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 701 22 2004 2004 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 701 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 701 24 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 701 25 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 701 26 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 701 27 wood wood NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 701 28 shavings shaving NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 701 29 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 701 30 sawdust sawdust NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 701 31 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 701 32 newspapers newspaper NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 701 33 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 701 34 used use VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 701 35 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 701 36 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 701 37 layer layer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 701 38 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 701 39 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 701 40 thick thick JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 701 41 enough enough RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 701 42 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 701 43 provide provide VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 701 44 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 701 45 comfortable comfortable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 701 46 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 701 47 dry dry JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 701 48 bed bed NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 701 49 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 702 1 Calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 702 2 hutches hutch NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 702 3 provide provide VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 702 4 three three CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 702 5 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 702 6 environments environment NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 702 7 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 702 8 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 702 9 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 702 10 inside inside NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 702 11 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 702 12 dry dry JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 702 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 702 14 protected protect VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 702 15 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 702 16 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 702 17 weather weather NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 702 18 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 702 19 outside outside IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 702 20 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 702 21 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 702 22 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 702 23 able able JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 702 24 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 702 25 get get VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 702 26 limited limited JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 702 27 exercise exercise NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 702 28 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 702 29 sunlight sunlight NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 702 30 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 703 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 703 2 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 703 3 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 703 4 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 703 5 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 703 6 position position VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 703 7 itself -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 703 8 half half NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 703 9 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 703 10 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 703 11 half half RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 703 12 out out RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 703 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 703 14 getting get VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 703 15 sunlight sunlight NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 703 16 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 703 17 being be VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 703 18 protected protect VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 703 19 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 703 20 wind wind NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 703 21 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 704 1 Hutches hutch NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 704 2 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 704 3 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 704 4 placed place VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 704 5 where where WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 704 6 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 704 7 catch catch VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 704 8 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 704 9 most most JJS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 704 10 sunlight sunlight NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 704 11 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 704 12 avoiding avoid VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 704 13 hot hot JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 704 14 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 704 15 windy windy JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 704 16 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 704 17 wet wet JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 704 18 locations location NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 704 19 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 705 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 705 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 705 3 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 705 4 hot hot JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 705 5 summer summer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 705 6 conditions condition NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 705 7 hutches hutch NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 705 8 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 705 9 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 705 10 placed place VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 705 11 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 705 12 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 705 13 shady shady JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 705 14 area area NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 705 15 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 705 16 avoid avoid VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 705 17 overheating overheat VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 705 18 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 706 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 706 2 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 706 3 rear rear JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 706 4 wall wall NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 706 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 706 6 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 706 7 hole hole NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 706 8 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 706 9 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 706 10 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 706 11 closed close VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 706 12 provides provide VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 706 13 better well JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 706 14 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 706 15 ventilation ventilation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 706 16 within within IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 706 17 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 706 18 hut hut NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 706 19 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 706 20 warm warm JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 706 21 weather weather NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 706 22 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 707 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 707 2 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 707 3 hutches hutch NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 707 4 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 707 5 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 707 6 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 707 7 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 707 8 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 707 9 kept keep VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 707 10 using use VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 707 11 wire wire NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 707 12 panels panel NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 707 13 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 707 14 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 707 15 building building NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 707 16 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 707 17 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 707 18 outdoor outdoor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 707 19 run run NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 707 20 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 707 21 preferably preferably RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 707 22 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 707 23 more more JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 707 24 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 707 25 2.0 2.0 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 707 26 m m CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 707 27 2 2 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 707 28 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 707 29 enabling enable VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 707 30 some some DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 707 31 contact contact NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 707 32 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 707 33 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 707 34 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 707 35 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 708 1 Calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 708 2 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 708 3 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 708 4 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 708 5 fed feed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 708 6 outside outside IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 708 7 using use VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 708 8 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 708 9 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 708 10 bucket bucket NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 708 11 support support NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 708 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 708 13 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 708 14 dry dry JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 708 15 feed feed NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 708 16 recipient recipient NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 708 17 support support NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 708 18 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 708 19 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 708 20 hay hay NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 708 21 rack rack NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 708 22 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 709 1 Other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 709 2 hutch hutch NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 709 3 types type NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 709 4 locate locate VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 709 5 feed feed NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 709 6 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 709 7 water water NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 709 8 pails pail NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 709 9 inside inside IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 709 10 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 709 11 hutch hutch NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 709 12 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 710 1 Individual individual JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 710 2 pens pen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 710 3 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 710 4 situated situate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 710 5 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 710 6 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 710 7 roofed roofed JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 710 8 building building NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 710 9 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 711 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 711 2 area area NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 711 3 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 711 4 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 711 5 wellventilated wellventilate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 711 6 so so IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 711 7 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 711 8 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 711 9 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 711 10 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 711 11 dry dry JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 711 12 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 711 13 fresh fresh JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 711 14 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 711 15 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 711 16 draught draught NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 711 17 has have VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 711 18 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 711 19 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 711 20 avoided avoid VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 711 21 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 712 1 Separation separation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 712 2 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 712 3 adult adult NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 712 4 cows cow NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 712 5 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 712 6 advantageous advantageous JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 712 7 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 712 8 respect respect NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 712 9 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 712 10 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 712 11 prevention prevention NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 712 12 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 713 1 Pens pen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 713 2 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 713 3 either either RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 713 4 made make VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 713 5 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 713 6 hard hard JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 713 7 material material NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 713 8 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 713 9 concrete concrete JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 713 10 walls wall NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 713 11 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 713 12 dismountable dismountable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 713 13 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 713 14 three three CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 713 15 solid solid JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 713 16 sides side NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 713 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 713 18 i.e. i.e. FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 713 19 plywood plywood NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 713 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 713 21 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 713 22 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 713 23 open open JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 713 24 front front NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 713 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 713 26 see see VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 713 27 Figure figure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 713 28 1 1 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 713 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 713 30 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 714 1 Walls wall NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 714 2 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 714 3 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 714 4 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 714 5 perforated perforate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 714 6 according accord VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 714 7 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 714 8 Council Council NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 714 9 Directive Directive NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 714 10 EU EU NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 714 11 97/2 97/2 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 714 12 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 714 13 EC EC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 714 14 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 714 15 holdings holding NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 714 16 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 714 17 more more JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 714 18 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 714 19 five five CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 714 20 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 714 21 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 714 22 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 714 23 allow allow VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 714 24 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 714 25 least least JJS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 714 26 limited limited JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 714 27 social social JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 714 28 contact contact NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 714 29 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 714 30 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 714 31 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 714 32 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 714 33 one one CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 714 34 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 714 35 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 714 36 key key JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 714 37 needs need NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 714 38 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 714 39 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 714 40 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 715 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 715 2 open open JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 715 3 front front NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 715 4 gets get VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 715 5 fresh fresh JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 715 6 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 715 7 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 715 8 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 715 9 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 715 10 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 715 11 makes make VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 715 12 them -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 715 13 easier easy JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 715 14 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 715 15 feed feed VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 715 16 through through IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 715 17 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 715 18 bucket bucket NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 715 19 support support NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 715 20 provided provide VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 715 21 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 715 22 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 715 23 front front NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 715 24 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 716 1 Hardwood hardwood NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 716 2 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 716 3 normally normally RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 716 4 used use VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 716 5 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 716 6 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 716 7 floor floor NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 716 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 716 9 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 716 10 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 716 11 covered cover VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 716 12 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 716 13 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 716 14 litter litter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 716 15 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 716 16 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 716 17 thick thick JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 716 18 enough enough RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 716 19 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 716 20 dry dry JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 716 21 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 716 22 clean clean JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 716 23 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 717 1 Totally totally RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 717 2 slatted slatted JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 717 3 floors floor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 717 4 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 717 5 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 717 6 use use NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 717 7 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 717 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 717 9 made make VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 717 10 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 717 11 wood wood NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 717 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 717 13 plastic plastic NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 717 14 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 717 15 metal metal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 717 16 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 717 17 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 717 18 require require VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 717 19 more more JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 717 20 care care NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 717 21 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 717 22 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 717 23 temperature temperature NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 717 24 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 718 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 718 2 0.90 0.90 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 718 3 -1.00 -1.00 SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 718 4 m m NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 718 5 x x SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 718 6 1.50 1.50 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 718 7 -1.60 -1.60 SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 718 8 m m NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 718 9 pen pen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 718 10 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 718 11 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 718 12 put put VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 718 13 300 300 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 718 14 mm mm NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 718 15 above above IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 718 16 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 718 17 ground ground NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 718 18 allowing allow VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 718 19 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 718 20 draining drain VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 718 21 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 718 22 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 718 23 removal removal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 718 24 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 718 25 urine urine NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 718 26 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 719 1 Dismountable dismountable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 719 2 individual individual JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 719 3 pens pen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 719 4 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 719 5 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 719 6 designed design VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 719 7 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 719 8 such such PDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 719 9 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 719 10 way way NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 719 11 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 719 12 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 719 13 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 719 14 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 719 15 taken take VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 719 16 apart apart RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 719 17 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 719 18 stored store VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 719 19 when when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 719 20 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 719 21 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 719 22 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 719 23 needed need VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 719 24 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 719 25 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 719 26 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 719 27 easily easily RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 719 28 cleaned clean VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 719 29 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 719 30 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 719 31 skid skid NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 719 32 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 719 33 steer steer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 719 34 loader loader NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 719 35 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 719 36 small small JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 719 37 bucket bucket NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 719 38 tractor tractor NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 719 39 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 720 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 720 2 case case NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 720 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 720 4 cold cold JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 720 5 weather weather NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 720 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 720 7 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 720 8 plywood plywood NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 720 9 cover cover NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 720 10 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 720 11 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 720 12 placed place VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 720 13 over over IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 720 14 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 720 15 rear rear JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 720 16 portion portion NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 720 17 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 720 18 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 720 19 pen pen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 720 20 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 720 21 preserve preserve VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 720 22 heat heat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 720 23 produced produce VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 720 24 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 720 25 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 720 26 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 720 27 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 721 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 721 2 hot hot JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 721 3 weather weather NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 721 4 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 721 5 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 721 6 removable removable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 721 7 panel panel NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 721 8 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 721 9 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 721 10 rear rear NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 721 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 721 12 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 721 13 shelter shelter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 721 14 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 721 15 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 721 16 opened open VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 721 17 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 721 18 provide provide VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 721 19 additional additional JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 721 20 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 721 21 exchange exchange NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 721 22 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 722 1 Collective collective JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 722 2 hutches hutch NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 722 3 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 722 4 house house VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 722 5 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 722 6 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 722 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 722 8 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 722 9 2 2 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 722 10 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 722 11 6 6 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 722 12 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 722 13 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 723 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 723 2 hutches hutch NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 723 3 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 723 4 made make VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 723 5 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 723 6 synthetic synthetic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 723 7 materials material NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 723 8 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 723 9 wood wood NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 723 10 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 724 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 724 2 inside inside NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 724 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 724 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 724 5 hutch hutch NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 724 6 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 724 7 provided provide VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 724 8 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 724 9 litter litter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 724 10 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 724 11 some some DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 724 12 hay hay NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 724 13 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 724 14 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 724 15 put put VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 724 16 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 724 17 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 724 18 rack rack NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 724 19 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 725 1 Roughage roughage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 725 2 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 725 3 distributed distribute VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 725 4 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 725 5 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 725 6 feeding feeding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 725 7 barrier barrier NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 725 8 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 725 9 anti anti JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 725 10 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 725 11 freeze freeze JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 725 12 drinking drinking NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 725 13 devices device NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 725 14 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 725 15 needed need VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 725 16 if if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 725 17 freezing freeze VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 725 18 temperatures temperature NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 725 19 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 725 20 occur occur VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 725 21 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 726 1 With with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 726 2 collective collective JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 726 3 hutches hutch NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 726 4 fastened fasten VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 726 5 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 726 6 concrete concrete NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 726 7 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 726 8 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 726 9 good good JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 726 10 outdoor outdoor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 726 11 run run NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 726 12 has have VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 726 13 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 726 14 non non JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 726 15 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 726 16 slippery slippery JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 726 17 surface surface NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 726 18 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 727 1 Manure manure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 727 2 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 727 3 bedding bedding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 727 4 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 727 5 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 727 6 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 727 7 removed remove VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 727 8 manually manually RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 727 9 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 727 10 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 727 11 collective collective JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 727 12 hutch hutch NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 727 13 has have VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 727 14 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 727 15 move move VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 727 16 over over IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 727 17 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 727 18 few few JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 727 19 metres metre NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 727 20 distance distance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 727 21 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 727 22 means mean NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 727 23 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 727 24 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 727 25 tractor tractor NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 727 26 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 727 27 guide guide NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 727 28 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 727 29 blocks block NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 727 30 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 728 1 As as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 728 2 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 728 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 728 4 individual individual JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 728 5 hutches hutch NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 728 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 728 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 728 8 location location NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 728 9 has have VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 728 10 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 728 11 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 728 12 chosen choose VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 728 13 carefully carefully RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 728 14 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 728 15 avoid avoid VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 728 16 overheating overheat VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 728 17 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 728 18 summer summer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 728 19 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 728 20 provide provide VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 728 21 protection protection NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 728 22 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 728 23 wind wind NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 728 24 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 728 25 rain rain NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 728 26 entering enter VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 728 27 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 728 28 hutch hutch NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 728 29 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 728 30 cold cold JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 728 31 seasons season NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 728 32 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 728 33 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 728 34 give give VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 728 35 as as RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 728 36 much much JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 728 37 sunlight sunlight NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 728 38 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 728 39 possible possible JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 728 40 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 729 1 When when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 729 2 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 729 3 straw straw NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 729 4 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 729 5 proper proper JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 729 6 ventilation ventilation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 729 7 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 729 8 provided provide VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 729 9 these these DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 729 10 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 729 11 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 729 12 most most RBS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 729 13 suitable suitable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 729 14 facilities facility NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 729 15 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 729 16 young young JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 729 17 replacement replacement NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 729 18 heifer heifer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 729 19 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 729 20 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 730 1 If if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 730 2 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 730 3 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 730 4 stay stay VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 730 5 there there RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 730 6 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 730 7 several several JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 730 8 months month NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 730 9 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 730 10 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 730 11 necessary necessary JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 730 12 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 730 13 provide provide VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 730 14 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 730 15 passage passage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 730 16 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 730 17 slippery slippery JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 730 18 free free JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 730 19 concrete concrete NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 730 20 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 731 1 If if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 731 2 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 731 3 floor floor NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 731 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 731 5 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 731 6 passage passage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 731 7 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 731 8 quite quite RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 731 9 rough rough JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 731 10 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 731 11 will will MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 731 12 prevent prevent VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 731 13 slipping slip VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 731 14 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 732 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 732 2 concrete concrete JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 732 3 floor floor NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 732 4 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 732 5 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 732 6 replaced replace VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 732 7 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 732 8 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 732 9 slatted slatted JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 732 10 floor floor NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 732 11 provided provide VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 732 12 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 732 13 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 732 14 spacing spacing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 732 15 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 732 16 slats slat NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 732 17 agrees agree VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 732 18 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 732 19 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 732 20 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 732 21 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 732 22 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 732 23 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 732 24 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 733 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 733 2 lying lie VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 733 3 area area NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 733 4 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 733 5 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 733 6 built build VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 733 7 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 733 8 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 733 9 ways way NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 733 10 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 733 11 littered litter VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 733 12 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 733 13 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 733 14 materials material NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 733 15 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 734 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 734 2 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 734 3 deep deep JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 734 4 litter litter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 734 5 system system NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 734 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 734 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 734 8 dung dung NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 734 9 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 734 10 removed remove VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 734 11 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 734 12 regular regular JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 734 13 intervals interval NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 734 14 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 734 15 every every DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 734 16 few few JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 734 17 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 734 18 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 734 19 twice twice RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 734 20 per per IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 734 21 year year NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 734 22 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 735 1 8.1.2.5 8.1.2.5 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 735 2 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 736 1 Group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 736 2 pens pen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 736 3 inside inside IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 736 4 Another another DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 736 5 common common JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 736 6 system system NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 736 7 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 736 8 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 736 9 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 736 10 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 736 11 replacement replacement NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 736 12 heifer heifer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 736 13 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 736 14 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 736 15 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 736 16 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 736 17 inside inside RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 736 18 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 736 19 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 736 20 straw straw NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 736 21 littered litter VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 736 22 pens pen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 736 23 usually usually RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 736 24 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 736 25 4 4 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 736 26 - - SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 736 27 6 6 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 736 28 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 736 29 per per IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 736 30 pen pen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 736 31 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 737 1 Calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 737 2 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 737 3 enter enter VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 737 4 such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 737 5 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 737 6 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 737 7 already already RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 737 8 after after IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 737 9 2 2 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 737 10 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 737 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 737 12 individual individual JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 737 13 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 737 14 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 738 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 738 2 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 738 3 change change NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 738 4 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 738 5 regard regard NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 738 6 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 738 7 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 738 8 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 738 9 together together RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 738 10 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 738 11 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 738 12 general general JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 738 13 trend trend NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 738 14 towards towards IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 738 15 larger large JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 738 16 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 738 17 farms farm NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 738 18 has have VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 738 19 increased increase VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 738 20 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 738 21 interest interest NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 738 22 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 738 23 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 738 24 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 738 25 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 738 26 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 738 27 rearing rear VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 738 28 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 738 29 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 738 30 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 738 31 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 738 32 feeding feeding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 738 33 period period NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 738 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 738 35 Hepola Hepola NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 738 36 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 738 37 2003 2003 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 738 38 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 738 39 Jensen Jensen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 738 40 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 738 41 2003 2003 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 738 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 738 43 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 739 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 739 2 addition addition NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 739 3 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 739 4 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 739 5 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 739 6 small small JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 739 7 groups group NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 739 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 739 9 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 739 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 739 11 4 4 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 739 12 - - SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 739 13 6 6 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 739 14 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 739 15 per per IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 739 16 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 739 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 739 18 kept keep VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 739 19 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 739 20 straw straw NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 739 21 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 739 22 usually usually RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 739 23 bucket bucket NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 739 24 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 739 25 fed feed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 739 26 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 739 27 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 739 28 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 739 29 increasingly increasingly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 739 30 kept keep VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 739 31 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 739 32 larger large JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 739 33 groups group NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 739 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 739 35 10 10 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 739 36 up up IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 739 37 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 739 38 about about RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 739 39 40 40 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 739 40 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 739 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 739 42 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 739 43 computer computer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 739 44 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 739 45 controlled control VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 739 46 automatic automatic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 739 47 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 739 48 feeders feeder NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 739 49 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 740 1 An an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 740 2 automatic automatic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 740 3 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 740 4 feeder feeder NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 740 5 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 740 6 contain contain VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 740 7 two two CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 740 8 milking milking NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 740 9 dispensers dispenser NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 740 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 740 11 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 740 12 each each DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 740 13 milking milking NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 740 14 dispenser dispenser NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 740 15 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 740 16 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 740 17 used use VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 740 18 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 740 19 about about RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 740 20 30 30 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 740 21 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 740 22 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 741 1 To to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 741 2 prevent prevent VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 741 3 hierarchic hierarchic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 741 4 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 741 5 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 741 6 problems problem NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 741 7 within within IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 741 8 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 741 9 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 741 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 741 11 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 741 12 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 741 13 grouped group VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 741 14 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 741 15 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 741 16 limited limited JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 741 17 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 741 18 difference difference NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 741 19 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 741 20 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 741 21 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 741 22 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 742 1 Calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 742 2 receive receive VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 742 3 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 742 4 replacer replacer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 742 5 according accord VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 742 6 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 742 7 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 742 8 needs need NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 742 9 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 742 10 ad ad NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 742 11 libitum libitum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 742 12 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 743 1 When when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 743 2 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 743 3 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 743 4 fed feed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 743 5 according accord VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 743 6 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 743 7 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 743 8 needs need NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 743 9 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 743 10 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 743 11 radio radio NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 743 12 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 743 13 frequency frequency NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 743 14 electronic electronic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 743 15 identifier identifier NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 743 16 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 743 17 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 743 18 used use VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 743 19 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 743 20 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 743 21 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 743 22 transponder transponder NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 743 23 inserted insert VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 743 24 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 743 25 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 743 26 collar collar NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 743 27 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 743 28 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 743 29 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 743 30 ear ear NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 743 31 tag tag NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 743 32 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 743 33 injected inject VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 743 34 under under IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 743 35 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 743 36 skin skin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 743 37 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 743 38 inside inside IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 743 39 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 743 40 ruminal ruminal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 743 41 bolus bolus NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 743 42 swallowed swallow VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 743 43 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 743 44 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 743 45 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 743 46 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 743 47 _SP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 744 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 744 2 diet diet NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 744 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 744 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 744 5 vast vast JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 744 6 majority majority NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 744 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 744 8 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 744 9 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 744 10 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 744 11 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 744 12 European European NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 744 13 Union Union NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 744 14 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 744 15 determined determine VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 744 16 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 744 17 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 744 18 market market NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 744 19 demand demand NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 744 20 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 744 21 " " `` cord-009694-e59kuwf1 744 22 white white JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 744 23 meat meat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 744 24 " " '' cord-009694-e59kuwf1 744 25 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 744 26 i.e. i.e. FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 744 27 meat meat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 744 28 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 744 29 low low JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 744 30 myoglobin myoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 744 31 content content NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 744 32 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 745 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 745 2 production production NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 745 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 745 4 white white JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 745 5 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 745 6 meat meat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 745 7 comes come VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 745 8 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 745 9 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 745 10 tradition tradition NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 745 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 745 12 fattening fatten VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 745 13 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 745 14 thanks thank NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 745 15 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 745 16 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 745 17 diet diet NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 745 18 based base VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 745 19 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 745 20 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 745 21 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 745 22 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 745 23 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 745 24 naturally naturally RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 745 25 poor poor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 745 26 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 745 27 iron iron NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 745 28 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 745 29 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 745 30 slaughtering slaughter VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 745 31 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 745 32 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 745 33 when when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 745 34 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 745 35 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 745 36 young young JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 745 37 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 746 1 Nowadays nowadays RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 746 2 most most JJS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 746 3 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 746 4 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 746 5 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 746 6 fed feed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 746 7 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 746 8 replacers replacer NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 746 9 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 746 10 contains contain VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 746 11 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 746 12 variable variable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 746 13 proportion proportion NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 746 14 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 746 15 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 746 16 powder powder NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 746 17 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 746 18 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 746 19 iron iron NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 746 20 content content NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 746 21 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 746 22 maintained maintain VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 746 23 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 746 24 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 746 25 low low JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 746 26 level level NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 746 27 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 747 1 This this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 747 2 results result VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 747 3 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 747 4 relatively relatively RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 747 5 low low JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 747 6 blood blood NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 747 7 haemoglobin haemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 747 8 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 747 9 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 748 1 An an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 748 2 average average JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 748 3 blood blood NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 748 4 haemoglobin haemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 748 5 level level NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 748 6 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 748 7 slaughter slaughter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 748 8 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 748 9 4.5 4.5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 748 10 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 748 11 5.0 5.0 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 748 12 mmol mmol JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 749 1 /l /l NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 749 2 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 749 3 compatible compatible JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 749 4 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 749 5 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 749 6 acceptable acceptable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 749 7 meat meat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 749 8 colour colour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 749 9 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 750 1 As as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 750 2 haemoglobin haemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 750 3 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 750 4 increase increase VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 750 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 750 6 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 750 7 number number NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 750 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 750 9 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 750 10 whose whose WP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 750 11 meat meat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 750 12 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 750 13 darker dark JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 750 14 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 750 15 colour colour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 750 16 increases increase NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 750 17 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 2 order order NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 3 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 4 prevent prevent VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 5 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 6 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 7 having have VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 8 haemoglobin haemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 9 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 10 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 11 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 12 too too RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 13 low low JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 14 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 15 early early RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 16 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 17 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 18 production production NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 19 phase phase NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 20 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 21 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 22 iron iron NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 23 supply supply NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 24 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 25 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 26 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 27 replacer replacer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 28 fed feed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 29 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 30 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 31 first first JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 32 7 7 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 33 - - SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 34 8 8 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 35 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 36 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 37 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 38 fattening fattening JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 39 period period NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 41 starter starter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 43 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 44 usually usually RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 45 about about IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 46 50 50 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 47 ppm ppm NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 48 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 49 whereas whereas IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 50 iron iron NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 51 supply supply NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 52 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 53 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 54 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 55 replacer replacer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 56 fed feed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 57 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 58 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 59 remainder remainder NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 60 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 61 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 62 fattening fattening JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 63 period period NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 64 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 65 fattener fattener NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 66 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 67 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 68 10 10 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 69 ppm ppm NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 751 70 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 752 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 752 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 752 3 blood blood NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 752 4 haemoglobin haemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 752 5 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 752 6 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 752 7 generally generally RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 752 8 monitored monitor VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 752 9 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 752 10 most most RBS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 752 11 intensively intensively RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 752 12 upon upon IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 752 13 arrival arrival NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 752 14 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 752 15 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 752 16 fattening fatten VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 752 17 unit unit NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 752 18 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 752 19 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 752 20 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 752 21 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 752 22 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 752 23 below below IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 752 24 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 752 25 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 752 26 dependent dependent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 752 27 thresholds threshold NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 752 28 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 752 29 treated treat VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 752 30 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 752 31 iron iron NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 752 32 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 752 33 either either CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 752 34 individually individually RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 752 35 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 752 36 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 752 37 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 752 38 wise wise JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 752 39 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 753 1 Thus thus RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 753 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 753 3 blood blood NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 753 4 haemoglobin haemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 753 5 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 753 6 usually usually RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 753 7 gradually gradually RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 753 8 decline decline VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 753 9 across across IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 753 10 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 753 11 fattening fattening JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 753 12 period period NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 753 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 753 14 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 753 15 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 753 16 lowest low JJS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 753 17 average average JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 753 18 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 753 19 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 753 20 supposed suppose VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 753 21 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 753 22 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 753 23 reached reach VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 753 24 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 753 25 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 753 26 last last JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 753 27 four four CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 753 28 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 753 29 prior prior RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 753 30 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 753 31 slaughter slaughter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 753 32 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 754 1 Some some DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 754 2 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 754 3 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 754 4 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 754 5 still still RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 754 6 fed feed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 754 7 raw raw JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 754 8 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 754 9 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 755 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 755 2 case case NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 755 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 755 4 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 755 5 breeds breed NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 755 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 755 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 755 8 cows cow NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 755 9 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 755 10 generally generally RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 755 11 milked milk VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 755 12 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 755 13 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 755 14 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 755 15 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 755 16 given give VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 755 17 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 755 18 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 755 19 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 755 20 buckets bucket NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 755 21 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 756 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 756 2 case case NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 756 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 756 4 beef beef NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 756 5 breeds breed NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 756 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 756 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 756 8 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 756 9 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 756 10 led lead VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 756 11 twice twice PDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 756 12 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 756 13 day day NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 756 14 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 756 15 suckling suckle VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 756 16 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 756 17 dam dam NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 756 18 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 756 19 another another DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 756 20 cow cow NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 756 21 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 1 According accord VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 2 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 4 latest late JJS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 5 amendment amendment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 6 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 8 annex annex NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 10 Council Council NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 11 Directive Directive NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 12 91/629 91/629 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 13 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 14 EEC EEC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 16 Commission Commission NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 17 Decision Decision NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 18 97/182 97/182 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 19 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 20 EC EC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 22 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 23 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 24 receive receive VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 25 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 26 iron iron NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 27 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 28 ensure ensure VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 29 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 30 average average JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 31 blood blood NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 32 haemoglobin haemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 33 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 34 at at RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 35 least least RBS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 36 4.5 4.5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 37 mmol mmol JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 38 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 39 l l NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 40 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 41 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 42 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 43 over over IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 44 two two CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 45 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 46 old old JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 47 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 48 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 49 provided provide VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 50 daily daily RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 51 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 52 some some DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 53 fibrous fibrous JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 54 feed feed NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 55 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 56 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 57 increase increase VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 58 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 59 50 50 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 60 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 61 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 62 minimum minimum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 63 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 64 250 250 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 65 grams gram NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 66 per per IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 67 day day NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 68 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 69 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 70 beginning beginning NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 71 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 72 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 73 end end NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 74 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 75 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 76 fattening fattening JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 77 period period NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 757 78 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 758 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 758 2 main main JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 758 3 types type NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 758 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 758 5 solid solid JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 758 6 feed feed NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 758 7 given give VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 758 8 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 758 9 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 758 10 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 758 11 differ differ VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 758 12 somewhat somewhat RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 758 13 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 758 14 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 758 15 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 758 16 producing produce VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 758 17 countries country NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 758 18 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 758 19 Europe Europe NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 758 20 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 759 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 759 2 France France NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 759 3 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 759 4 Italy Italy NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 759 5 solid solid JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 759 6 feeds feed VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 759 7 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 759 8 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 759 9 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 759 10 usually usually RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 759 11 consist consist VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 759 12 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 759 13 chopped chop VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 759 14 straw straw NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 759 15 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 759 16 pelleted pellete VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 759 17 dry dry JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 759 18 feed feed NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 759 19 consisting consist VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 759 20 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 759 21 both both CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 759 22 fibrous fibrous JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 759 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 759 24 e.g. e.g. RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 759 25 straw straw NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 759 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 759 27 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 759 28 concentrate concentrate NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 759 29 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 759 30 like like JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 759 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 759 32 e.g. e.g. JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 759 33 cereal cereal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 759 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 759 35 materials material NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 759 36 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 760 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 760 2 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 760 3 Netherlands Netherlands NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 760 4 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 760 5 maize maize NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 760 6 silage silage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 760 7 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 760 8 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 760 9 popular popular JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 760 10 roughage roughage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 760 11 source source NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 760 12 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 760 13 white white JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 760 14 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 760 15 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 760 16 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 760 17 provided provide VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 760 18 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 760 19 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 760 20 iron iron NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 760 21 content content NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 760 22 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 760 23 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 760 24 too too RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 760 25 high high JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 760 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 760 27 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 760 28 upper upper JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 760 29 limit limit NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 760 30 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 760 31 110 110 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 760 32 - - SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 760 33 120 120 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 760 34 pp pp NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 760 35 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 760 36 kg kg NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 760 37 dry dry JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 760 38 matter matter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 760 39 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 760 40 generally generally RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 760 41 imposed impose VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 760 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 760 43 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 761 1 Maize maize NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 761 2 silage silage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 761 3 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 761 4 usually usually RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 761 5 fed feed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 761 6 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 761 7 relatively relatively RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 761 8 high high JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 761 9 amounts amount NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 761 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 761 11 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 761 12 maximum maximum JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 761 13 daily daily JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 761 14 amounts amount NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 761 15 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 761 16 up up IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 761 17 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 761 18 1.5 1.5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 761 19 kg kg NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 761 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 761 21 500 500 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 761 22 gr gr NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 761 23 dry dry JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 761 24 matter)/calf matter)/calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 761 25 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 761 26 day day NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 761 27 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 762 1 Other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 762 2 feeds feed NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 762 3 used use VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 762 4 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 762 5 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 762 6 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 762 7 industry industry NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 762 8 include include VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 762 9 chopped chop VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 762 10 straw straw NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 762 11 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 762 12 rolled roll VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 762 13 barley barley NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 762 14 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 763 1 White white JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 763 2 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 763 3 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 763 4 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 763 5 fattened fatten VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 763 6 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 763 7 approximately approximately RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 763 8 26 26 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 763 9 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 763 10 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 763 11 Italy Italy NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 763 12 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 763 13 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 763 14 Netherlands Netherlands NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 763 15 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 763 16 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 763 17 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 763 18 20 20 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 763 19 - - SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 763 20 22 22 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 763 21 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 763 22 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 763 23 France France NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 763 24 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 764 1 Besides besides IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 764 2 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 764 3 production production NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 764 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 764 5 white white JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 764 6 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 764 7 meat meat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 764 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 764 9 several several JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 764 10 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 764 11 exist exist VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 764 12 across across IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 764 13 Europe Europe NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 764 14 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 764 15 lead lead VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 764 16 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 764 17 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 764 18 production production NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 764 19 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 764 20 so so RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 764 21 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 764 22 called call VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 764 23 " " `` cord-009694-e59kuwf1 764 24 pink pink JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 764 25 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 764 26 meat meat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 764 27 " " '' cord-009694-e59kuwf1 764 28 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 765 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 765 2 main main JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 765 3 differences difference NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 765 4 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 765 5 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 765 6 more more RBR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 765 7 conventional conventional JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 765 8 production production NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 765 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 765 10 white white JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 765 11 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 765 12 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 765 13 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 765 14 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 765 15 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 765 16 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 765 17 reared rear VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 765 18 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 765 19 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 765 20 longer long JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 765 21 period period NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 765 22 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 765 23 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 765 24 receive receive VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 765 25 higher high JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 765 26 amounts amount NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 765 27 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 765 28 solid solid JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 765 29 foods food NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 765 30 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 766 1 As as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 766 2 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 766 3 consequence consequence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 766 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 766 5 muscles muscle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 766 6 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 766 7 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 766 8 higher high JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 766 9 content content NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 766 10 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 766 11 myoglobin myoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 766 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 766 13 hence hence RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 766 14 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 766 15 darker dark JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 766 16 colour colour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 766 17 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 766 18 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 766 19 meat meat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 766 20 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 767 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 767 2 France France NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 767 3 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 767 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 767 5 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 767 6 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 767 7 most most RBS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 767 8 often often RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 767 9 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 767 10 suckler suckler JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 767 11 beef beef NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 767 12 breeds breed NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 767 13 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 767 14 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 767 15 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 767 16 reared rear VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 767 17 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 767 18 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 767 19 dam dam NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 767 20 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 767 21 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 767 22 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 767 23 weaned wean VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 767 24 before before IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 767 25 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 767 26 end end NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 767 27 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 767 28 rearing rearing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 767 29 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 768 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 768 2 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 768 3 Netherlands Netherlands NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 768 4 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 768 5 pink pink JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 768 6 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 768 7 meat meat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 768 8 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 768 9 generally generally RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 768 10 produced produce VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 768 11 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 768 12 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 768 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 768 14 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 768 15 breeds breed NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 768 16 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 769 1 Pink pink JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 769 2 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 769 3 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 769 4 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 769 5 weaned wean VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 769 6 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 769 7 8 8 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 769 8 - - SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 769 9 9 9 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 769 10 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 769 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 769 12 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 769 13 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 770 1 After after IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 770 2 weaning wean VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 770 3 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 770 4 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 770 5 receive receive VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 770 6 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 770 7 diet diet NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 770 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 770 9 ad ad NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 770 10 lib lib NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 770 11 roughage roughage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 770 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 770 13 frequently frequently RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 770 14 maize maize NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 770 15 silage silage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 770 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 770 17 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 770 18 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 770 19 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 770 20 products product NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 770 21 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 771 1 Pink pink JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 771 2 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 771 3 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 771 4 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 771 5 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 771 6 restricted restrict VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 771 7 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 771 8 regard regard NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 771 9 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 771 10 dietary dietary JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 771 11 iron iron NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 771 12 supply supply NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 771 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 771 14 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 771 15 consequently consequently RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 771 16 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 771 17 develop develop VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 771 18 normal normal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 771 19 haemoglobin haemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 771 20 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 771 21 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 771 22 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 771 23 associated associated JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 771 24 " " `` cord-009694-e59kuwf1 771 25 red red JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 771 26 " " '' cord-009694-e59kuwf1 771 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 771 28 pink pink JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 771 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 771 30 meat meat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 771 31 colour colour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 771 32 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 772 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 772 2 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 772 3 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 772 4 slaughter slaughter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 772 5 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 772 6 vary vary VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 772 7 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 772 8 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 772 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 772 10 5 5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 772 11 - - SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 772 12 8 8 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 772 13 months month NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 772 14 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 772 15 young young JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 772 16 bred breed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 772 17 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 772 18 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 772 19 8 8 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 772 20 - - SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 772 21 11 11 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 772 22 months month NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 772 23 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 772 24 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 772 25 slaughter slaughter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 772 26 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 772 27 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 772 28 individuals individual NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 772 29 depending depend VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 772 30 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 772 31 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 772 32 production production NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 772 33 rate rate NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 772 34 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 773 1 These these DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 773 2 products product NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 773 3 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 773 4 labelled label VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 773 5 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 773 6 help help VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 773 7 consumers consumer NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 773 8 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 773 9 distinguish distinguish VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 773 10 them -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 773 11 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 773 12 white white JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 773 13 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 773 14 meat meat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 773 15 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 774 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 774 2 line line NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 774 3 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 774 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 774 5 latest late JJS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 774 6 EU EU NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 774 7 regulation regulation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 774 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 774 9 Council Council NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 774 10 Directive Directive NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 774 11 EU EU NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 774 12 97/2 97/2 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 774 13 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 774 14 EC EC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 774 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 774 16 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 774 17 individual individual JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 774 18 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 774 19 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 774 20 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 774 21 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 774 22 has have VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 774 23 been be VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 774 24 officially officially RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 774 25 abolished abolish VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 774 26 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 774 27 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 774 28 European European NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 774 29 Union Union NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 774 30 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 775 1 Already already RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 775 2 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 775 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 775 4 1980s 1980 NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 775 5 extensive extensive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 775 6 studies study NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 775 7 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 775 8 initiated initiate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 775 9 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 775 10 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 775 11 aim aim NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 775 12 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 775 13 develop develop VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 775 14 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 775 15 practically practically RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 775 16 feasible feasible JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 775 17 husbandry husbandry NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 775 18 system system NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 775 19 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 775 20 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 775 21 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 775 22 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 775 23 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 775 24 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 775 25 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 776 1 At at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 776 2 present present JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 776 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 776 4 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 776 5 involve involve VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 776 6 both both DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 776 7 large large JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 776 8 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 776 9 smaller small JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 776 10 groups group NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 776 11 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 777 1 Housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 777 2 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 777 3 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 777 4 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 777 5 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 777 6 groups group NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 777 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 777 8 2 2 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 777 9 - - SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 777 10 7 7 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 777 11 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 777 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 777 13 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 777 14 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 777 15 slight slight JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 777 16 trend trend NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 777 17 towards towards IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 777 18 larger large JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 777 19 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 777 20 sizes size NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 777 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 777 22 12 12 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 777 23 - - SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 777 24 20 20 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 777 25 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 777 26 per per IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 777 27 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 777 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 777 29 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 778 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 778 2 floor floor NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 778 3 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 778 4 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 778 5 bedded bed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 778 6 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 778 7 straw straw NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 778 8 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 778 9 wood wood NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 778 10 shavings shaving NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 778 11 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 778 12 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 778 13 more more RBR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 778 14 commonly commonly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 778 15 made make VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 778 16 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 778 17 wooden wooden JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 778 18 slats slat NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 778 19 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 779 1 Wooden wooden JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 779 2 slats slat NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 779 3 require require VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 779 4 less less JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 779 5 labour labour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 779 6 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 779 7 straw straw NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 779 8 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 779 9 woodshavings woodshaving NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 779 10 easily easily RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 779 11 become become VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 779 12 dirty dirty JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 779 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 779 14 wet wet JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 779 15 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 780 1 Calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 780 2 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 780 3 kept keep VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 780 4 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 780 5 individual individual JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 780 6 pens pen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 780 7 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 780 8 sometimes sometimes RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 780 9 called call VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 780 10 " " `` cord-009694-e59kuwf1 780 11 baby baby NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 780 12 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 780 13 boxes box NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 780 14 " " '' cord-009694-e59kuwf1 780 15 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 780 16 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 780 17 period period NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 780 18 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 780 19 6 6 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 780 20 - - SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 780 21 8 8 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 780 22 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 780 23 upon upon IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 780 24 arrival arrival NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 780 25 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 780 26 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 780 27 fattening fatten VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 780 28 unit unit NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 780 29 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 780 30 prevent prevent VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 780 31 overt overt JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 780 32 preputial preputial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 780 33 sucking sucking NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 780 34 thereafter thereafter RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 780 35 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 780 36 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 780 37 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 780 38 able able JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 780 39 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 780 40 monitor monitor VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 780 41 more more RBR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 780 42 closely closely RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 780 43 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 780 44 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 780 45 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 780 46 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 780 47 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 781 1 Baby baby NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 781 2 boxes box NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 781 3 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 781 4 usually usually RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 781 5 made make VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 781 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 781 7 galvanised galvanised JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 781 8 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 781 9 wooden wooden JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 781 10 partitions partition NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 781 11 placed place VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 781 12 inside inside IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 781 13 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 781 14 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 781 15 pen pen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 781 16 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 782 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 782 2 these these DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 782 3 boxes box NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 782 4 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 782 5 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 782 6 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 782 7 bucket bucket NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 782 8 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 782 9 fed feed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 782 10 individually individually RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 782 11 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 783 1 After after IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 783 2 6 6 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 783 3 - - SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 783 4 8 8 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 783 5 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 783 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 783 7 these these DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 783 8 temporary temporary JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 783 9 partitions partition NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 783 10 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 783 11 removed remove VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 783 12 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 783 13 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 783 14 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 783 15 free free JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 783 16 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 783 17 move move VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 783 18 around around RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 783 19 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 783 20 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 783 21 pen pen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 783 22 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 784 1 Calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 784 2 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 784 3 fed feed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 784 4 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 784 5 replacer replacer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 784 6 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 784 7 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 784 8 trough trough NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 784 9 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 784 10 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 784 11 individual individual JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 784 12 buckets bucket NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 784 13 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 785 1 A a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 785 2 crucial crucial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 785 3 management management NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 785 4 procedure procedure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 785 5 associated associate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 785 6 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 785 7 trough trough NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 785 8 feeding feeding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 785 9 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 785 10 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 785 11 regular regular JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 785 12 re re NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 785 13 - - NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 785 14 grouping grouping NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 785 15 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 785 16 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 785 17 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 785 18 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 785 19 maintain maintain VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 785 20 homogeneous homogeneous JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 785 21 groups group NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 785 22 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 785 23 terms term NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 785 24 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 785 25 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 785 26 weight weight NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 785 27 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 785 28 particularly particularly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 785 29 drinking drink VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 785 30 speed speed NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 785 31 throughout throughout IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 785 32 fattening fatten VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 785 33 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 786 1 Experimental experimental JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 786 2 work work NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 786 3 confirmed confirm VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 786 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 786 5 feasibility feasibility NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 786 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 786 7 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 786 8 procedure procedure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 786 9 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 786 10 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 786 11 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 786 12 could could MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 786 13 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 786 14 repeatedly repeatedly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 786 15 regrouped regroup VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 786 16 without without IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 786 17 effects effect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 786 18 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 786 19 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 786 20 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 786 21 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 786 22 growth growth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 786 23 rate rate NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 786 24 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 786 25 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 786 26 number number NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 786 27 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 786 28 physiological physiological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 786 29 measures measure NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 786 30 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 786 31 stress stress NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 786 32 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 787 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 787 2 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 787 3 latter latter JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 787 4 study study NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 787 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 787 6 aggression aggression NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 787 7 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 787 8 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 787 9 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 787 10 rare rare JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 787 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 787 12 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 787 13 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 787 14 seemed seem VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 787 15 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 787 16 habituate habituate VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 787 17 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 787 18 repeated repeat VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 787 19 mixing mixing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 787 20 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 788 1 Individual individual JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 788 2 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 788 3 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 788 4 thriving thrive VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 788 5 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 788 6 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 788 7 replacer replacer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 788 8 because because IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 788 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 788 10 drinking drinking NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 788 11 problems problem NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 788 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 788 13 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 788 14 provided provide VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 788 15 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 788 16 floating float VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 788 17 teats teat NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 788 18 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 788 19 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 788 20 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 788 21 teat teat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 788 22 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 788 23 bucket bucket NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 788 24 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 789 1 Veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 789 2 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 789 3 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 789 4 sometimes sometimes RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 789 5 kept keep VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 789 6 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 789 7 pairs pair NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 789 8 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 790 1 This this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 790 2 type type NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 790 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 790 4 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 790 5 results result NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 790 6 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 790 7 less less JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 790 8 availability availability NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 790 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 790 10 space space NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 790 11 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 790 12 movement movement NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 790 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 790 14 social social JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 790 15 opportunities opportunity NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 790 16 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 790 17 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 790 18 larger large JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 790 19 groups group NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 790 20 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 790 21 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 790 22 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 790 23 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 790 24 reported report VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 790 25 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 790 26 have have VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 790 27 no no DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 790 28 disadvantages disadvantage NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 790 29 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 790 30 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 790 31 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 790 32 weight weight NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 790 33 gain gain NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 790 34 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 790 35 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 790 36 occurrence occurrence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 790 37 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 790 38 cross cross JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 790 39 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 790 40 sucking sucking JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 790 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 790 42 Chua Chua NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 790 43 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 790 44 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 790 45 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 790 46 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 790 47 2002 2002 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 790 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 790 49 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 791 1 Suckling suckle VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 791 2 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 791 3 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 791 4 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 791 5 generally generally RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 791 6 accomodated accomodate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 791 7 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 791 8 small small JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 791 9 groups group NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 791 10 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 792 1 As as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 792 2 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 792 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 792 4 rearing rearing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 792 5 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 792 6 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 792 7 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 792 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 792 9 automatic automatic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 792 10 feeding feeding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 792 11 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 792 12 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 792 13 been be VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 792 14 extended extend VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 792 15 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 792 16 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 792 17 production production NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 792 18 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 792 19 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 792 20 particularly particularly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 792 21 since since IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 792 22 increasingly increasingly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 792 23 sophisticated sophisticated JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 792 24 computer computer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 792 25 technology technology NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 792 26 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 792 27 becoming become VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 792 28 available available JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 792 29 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 792 30 sensor sensor NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 792 31 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 792 32 aided aid VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 792 33 recognition recognition NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 792 34 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 792 35 individual individual JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 792 36 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 792 37 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 792 38 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 792 39 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 792 40 control control VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 792 41 feeding feeding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 792 42 times time NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 792 43 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 792 44 intake intake NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 792 45 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 793 1 Calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 793 2 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 793 3 usually usually RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 793 4 housed house VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 793 5 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 793 6 large large JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 793 7 groups group NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 793 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 793 9 40 40 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 793 10 - - SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 793 11 80 80 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 793 12 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 793 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 793 14 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 793 15 receive receive VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 793 16 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 793 17 replacer replacer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 793 18 via via IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 793 19 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 793 20 automatic automatic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 793 21 feeding feeding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 793 22 machine machine NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 793 23 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 794 1 With with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 794 2 such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 794 3 feeders feeder NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 794 4 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 794 5 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 794 6 suck suck VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 794 7 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 794 8 obtain obtain VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 794 9 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 794 10 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 794 11 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 795 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 795 2 floor floor NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 795 3 generally generally RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 795 4 consists consist VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 795 5 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 795 6 wooden wooden JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 795 7 slats slat NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 795 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 795 9 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 795 10 concrete concrete JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 795 11 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 795 12 combination combination NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 795 13 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 795 14 wooden wooden JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 795 15 slats slat NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 795 16 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 796 1 Some some DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 796 2 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 796 3 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 796 4 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 796 5 kept keep VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 796 6 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 796 7 straw straw NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 796 8 bedded bed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 796 9 floors floor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 796 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 796 11 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 796 12 have have VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 796 13 access access NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 796 14 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 796 15 rubber rubber NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 796 16 mats mat NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 796 17 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 796 18 concrete concrete NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 796 19 covered cover VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 796 20 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 796 21 rubber rubber NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 796 22 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 797 1 Calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 797 2 rearing rearing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 797 3 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 797 4 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 797 5 environmental environmental JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 797 6 pollution pollution NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 797 7 8.3.1 8.3.1 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 797 8 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 798 1 General General NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 798 2 Introduction Introduction NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 799 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 799 2 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 799 3 1995 1995 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 799 4 Report Report NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 799 5 there there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 799 6 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 799 7 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 799 8 short short JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 799 9 chapter chapter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 799 10 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 799 11 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 799 12 production production NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 799 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 799 14 environmental environmental JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 799 15 pollution pollution NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 799 16 referring refer VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 799 17 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 799 18 gases gas NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 799 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 799 20 ammonia ammonia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 799 21 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 799 22 nitrous nitrous JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 799 23 oxide oxide NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 799 24 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 799 25 carbon carbon NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 799 26 dioxide dioxide NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 799 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 799 28 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 800 1 Manure manure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 800 2 resulting result VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 800 3 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 800 4 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 800 5 production production NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 800 6 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 800 7 seen see VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 800 8 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 800 9 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 800 10 fertiliser fertiliser NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 800 11 only only RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 800 12 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 801 1 This this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 801 2 chapter chapter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 801 3 briefly briefly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 801 4 describes describe VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 801 5 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 801 6 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 801 7 condensed condensed JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 801 8 way way NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 801 9 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 801 10 impact impact NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 801 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 801 12 modern modern JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 801 13 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 801 14 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 801 15 production production NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 801 16 affects affect VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 801 17 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 801 18 environment environment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 801 19 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 801 20 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 801 21 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 801 22 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 802 1 Modern modern JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 802 2 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 802 3 production production NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 802 4 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 802 5 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 802 6 source source NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 802 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 802 8 solid solid JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 802 9 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 802 10 liquid liquid JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 802 11 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 802 12 gaseous gaseous JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 802 13 emissions emission NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 802 14 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 802 15 i.a i.a NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 802 16 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 802 17 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 802 18 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 802 19 harmful harmful JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 802 20 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 802 21 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 802 22 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 802 23 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 1 Solid solid JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 2 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 3 liquid liquid JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 4 manure manure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 5 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 6 waste waste NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 7 water water NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 8 contain contain VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 9 nitrogen nitrogen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 10 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 11 phophorus phophorus NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 12 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 13 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 14 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 15 most most RBS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 16 important important JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 17 plant plant NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 18 nutrients nutrient NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 19 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 20 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 21 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 22 harmful harmful JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 23 when when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 24 applied apply VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 25 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 26 agricultural agricultural JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 27 land land NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 28 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 29 excess excess JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 30 amounts amount NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 31 thereby thereby RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 32 leading lead VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 33 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 34 pollution pollution NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 35 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 36 ground ground NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 37 water water NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 38 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 39 nitrates nitrate NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 40 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 41 surface surface NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 42 water water NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 43 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 44 phosphorous phosphorous JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 45 causing cause VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 46 eutrophication eutrophication NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 47 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 48 soil soil NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 49 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 50 heavy heavy JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 51 metals metal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 52 such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 53 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 54 zinc zinc NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 55 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 56 copper copper NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 57 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 58 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 59 used use VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 60 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 61 growth growth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 62 promotors promotor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 63 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 64 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 65 feed feed NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 66 stuff stuff NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 67 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 68 all all DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 69 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 70 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 71 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 72 affect affect VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 73 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 74 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 75 if if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 76 returned return VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 77 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 78 them -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 803 79 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 804 1 A a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 804 2 third third JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 804 3 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 804 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 804 5 potentially potentially RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 804 6 hazardous hazardous JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 804 7 effluents effluent NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 804 8 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 804 9 drug drug NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 804 10 residues residue NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 804 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 804 12 such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 804 13 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 804 14 antibiotics antibiotic NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 804 15 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 804 16 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 804 17 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 804 18 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 804 19 present present JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 804 20 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 804 21 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 804 22 excreta excreta NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 804 23 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 804 24 farm farm NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 804 25 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 804 26 after after IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 804 27 medical medical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 804 28 treatment treatment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 804 29 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 804 30 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 804 31 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 804 32 passed pass VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 804 33 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 804 34 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 804 35 environment environment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 804 36 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 804 37 grazing graze VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 804 38 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 804 39 spreading spreading NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 804 40 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 804 41 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 804 42 manure manure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 804 43 where where WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 804 44 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 804 45 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 804 46 conceivably conceivably RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 804 47 contribute contribute VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 804 48 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 804 49 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 804 50 formation formation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 804 51 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 804 52 antibiotic antibiotic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 804 53 resistance resistance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 804 54 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 804 55 certain certain JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 804 56 strains strain NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 804 57 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 804 58 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 804 59 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 805 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 805 2 same same JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 805 3 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 805 4 arises arise VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 805 5 when when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 805 6 sludge sludge NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 805 7 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 805 8 waste waste NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 805 9 water water NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 805 10 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 805 11 sewage sewage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 805 12 plants plant NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 805 13 containing contain VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 805 14 residues residue NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 805 15 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 805 16 antibiotics antibiotic NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 805 17 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 805 18 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 805 19 drugs drug NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 805 20 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 805 21 human human JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 805 22 consumption consumption NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 805 23 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 805 24 discharged discharge VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 805 25 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 805 26 fertiliser fertiliser NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 805 27 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 805 28 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 805 29 soil soil NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 805 30 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 805 31 water water NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 805 32 body body NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 805 33 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 805 34 agricultural agricultural JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 805 35 land land NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 805 36 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 806 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 806 2 most most RBS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 806 3 important important JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 806 4 aerial aerial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 806 5 pollutants pollutant NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 806 6 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 806 7 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 806 8 rearing rearing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 806 9 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 806 10 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 806 11 odours odour NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 806 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 806 13 some some DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 806 14 gases gas NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 806 15 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 806 16 dust dust NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 806 17 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 806 18 micro micro NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 806 19 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 806 20 organisms organism NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 806 21 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 806 22 endotoxins endotoxin NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 806 23 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 806 24 together together RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 806 25 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 806 26 addressed address VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 806 27 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 806 28 bioaerosols bioaerosol NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 806 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 806 30 Seedorf Seedorf NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 806 31 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 806 32 Hartung Hartung NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 806 33 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 806 34 2002 2002 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 806 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 806 36 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 806 37 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 806 38 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 806 39 emitted emit VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 806 40 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 806 41 way way NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 806 42 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 806 43 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 806 44 exhaust exhaust NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 806 45 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 806 46 into into IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 806 47 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 806 48 environment environment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 806 49 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 806 50 buildings building NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 806 51 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 806 52 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 806 53 manure manure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 806 54 storage storage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 806 55 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 806 56 handling handling NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 806 57 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 806 58 disposal disposal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 806 59 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 807 1 Aerial aerial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 807 2 pollutants pollutant NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 807 3 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 807 4 give give VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 807 5 cause cause NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 807 6 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 807 7 concern concern NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 807 8 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 807 9 several several JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 807 10 reasons reason NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 807 11 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 808 1 E.g. e.g. IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 808 2 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 808 3 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 808 4 's 's POS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 808 5 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 808 6 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 808 7 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 808 8 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 808 9 compromised compromise VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 808 10 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 808 11 these these DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 808 12 pollutants pollutant NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 808 13 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 809 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 809 2 fattening fattening JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 809 3 units unit NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 809 4 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 809 5 up up RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 809 6 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 809 7 100 100 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 809 8 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 809 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 809 10 all all DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 809 11 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 809 12 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 809 13 show show VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 809 14 signs sign NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 809 15 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 809 16 pneumonia pneumonia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 809 17 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 809 18 pleuritis pleuritis NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 809 19 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 809 20 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 809 21 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 809 22 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 809 23 within within IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 809 24 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 809 25 first first JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 809 26 three three CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 809 27 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 809 28 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 809 29 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 809 30 when when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 809 31 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 809 32 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 809 33 come come VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 809 34 together together RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 809 35 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 809 36 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 809 37 herds herd NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 809 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 809 39 see see VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 809 40 chapter chapter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 809 41 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 809 42 temperature temperature NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 809 43 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 809 44 ventilation ventilation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 809 45 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 809 46 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 809 47 hygiene hygiene NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 809 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 809 49 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 810 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 810 2 travel travel NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 810 3 distance distance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 810 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 810 5 viable viable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 810 6 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 810 7 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 810 8 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 810 9 houses house NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 810 10 via via IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 810 11 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 810 12 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 810 13 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 810 14 presently presently RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 810 15 estimated estimate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 810 16 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 810 17 250 250 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 810 18 m m NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 810 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 810 20 Müller Müller NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 810 21 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 810 22 Wieser Wieser NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 810 23 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 810 24 1987 1987 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 810 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 810 26 downwind downwind NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 810 27 why why WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 810 28 there there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 810 29 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 810 30 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 810 31 possible possible JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 810 32 transmission transmission NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 810 33 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 810 34 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 810 35 houses house NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 810 36 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 811 1 Very very RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 811 2 little little JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 811 3 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 811 4 known know VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 811 5 about about IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 811 6 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 811 7 distribution distribution NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 811 8 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 811 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 811 10 dust dust NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 811 11 particles particle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 811 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 811 13 endotoxins endotoxin NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 811 14 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 811 15 fungi fungus NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 811 16 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 811 17 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 811 18 spores spore NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 811 19 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 811 20 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 811 21 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 811 22 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 811 23 surrounding surround VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 811 24 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 811 25 houses house NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 811 26 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 812 1 Recent recent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 812 2 investigations investigation NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 812 3 showed show VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 812 4 dispersion dispersion NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 812 5 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 812 6 staphylococcae staphylococcae NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 812 7 sp sp NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 812 8 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 813 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 813 2 bioaerosols bioaerosol NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 813 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 813 4 up up IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 813 5 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 813 6 500 500 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 813 7 m m NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 813 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 813 9 Schulz Schulz NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 813 10 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 813 11 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 813 12 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 813 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 813 14 2004 2004 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 813 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 813 16 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 813 17 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 813 18 broiler broiler NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 813 19 barn barn NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 813 20 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 814 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 814 2 contribution contribution NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 814 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 814 4 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 814 5 production production NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 814 6 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 814 7 presently presently RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 814 8 unknown unknown JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 814 9 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 815 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 815 2 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 815 3 estimated estimate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 815 4 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 815 5 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 815 6 produce produce VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 815 7 about about IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 815 8 5.3 5.3 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 815 9 kg kg NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 815 10 fresh fresh JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 815 11 manure manure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 815 12 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 815 13 7.5 7.5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 815 14 kg kg NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 815 15 slurry slurry NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 815 16 per per IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 815 17 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 815 18 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 815 19 day day NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 815 20 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 816 1 This this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 816 2 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 816 3 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 816 4 share share NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 816 5 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 816 6 4.6 4.6 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 816 7 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 816 8 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 816 9 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 816 10 total total JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 816 11 amount amount NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 816 12 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 816 13 fresh fresh JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 816 14 manure manure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 816 15 produced produce VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 816 16 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 816 17 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 816 18 farming farming NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 816 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 816 20 Richter Richter NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 816 21 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 816 22 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 816 23 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 816 24 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 816 25 1992 1992 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 816 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 816 27 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 817 1 Manure manure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 817 2 suspected suspect VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 817 3 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 817 4 contain contain VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 817 5 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 817 6 such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 817 7 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 817 8 Salmonella Salmonella NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 817 9 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 817 10 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 817 11 stored store VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 817 12 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 817 13 at at RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 817 14 least least JJS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 817 15 4 4 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 817 16 months month NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 817 17 without without IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 817 18 adding add VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 817 19 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 817 20 removing remove VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 817 21 material material NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 817 22 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 817 23 subsequently subsequently RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 817 24 applied apply VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 817 25 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 817 26 arable arable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 817 27 land land NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 817 28 where where WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 817 29 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 817 30 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 817 31 ploughed plough VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 817 32 in in RP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 817 33 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 817 34 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 817 35 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 817 36 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 817 37 disinfected disinfect VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 817 38 before before IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 817 39 any any DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 817 40 further further JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 817 41 use use NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 817 42 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 818 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 818 2 second second JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 818 3 area area NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 818 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 818 5 concern concern NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 818 6 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 818 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 818 8 emission emission NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 818 9 compounds compound NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 818 10 such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 818 11 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 818 12 gases gas NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 818 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 818 14 odours odour NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 818 15 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 818 16 dust dust NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 818 17 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 818 18 micro micro NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 818 19 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 818 20 organisms organism NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 818 21 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 818 22 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 818 23 compounds compound NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 818 24 like like IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 818 25 endotoxins endotoxin NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 818 26 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 818 27 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 818 28 regularly regularly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 818 29 present present JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 818 30 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 818 31 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 818 32 house house NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 818 33 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 818 34 where where WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 818 35 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 818 36 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 818 37 cause cause VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 818 38 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 818 39 exacerbate exacerbate VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 818 40 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 818 41 disorders disorder NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 818 42 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 818 43 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 818 44 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 818 45 work work NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 818 46 force force NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 818 47 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 819 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 819 2 quantities quantity NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 819 3 emitted emit VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 819 4 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 819 5 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 819 6 houses house NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 819 7 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 819 8 summarised summarise VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 819 9 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 819 10 Seedorf Seedorf NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 819 11 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 819 12 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 819 13 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 820 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 820 2 1998b 1998b CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 820 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 821 1 There there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 821 2 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 821 3 considerable considerable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 821 4 emission emission NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 821 5 amounts amount NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 821 6 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 821 7 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 821 8 husbandry husbandry NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 821 9 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 822 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 822 2 emissions emission NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 822 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 822 4 micro micro NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 822 5 - - NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 822 6 organisms organism NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 822 7 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 822 8 higher high JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 822 9 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 822 10 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 822 11 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 822 12 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 822 13 beef beef NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 822 14 barns barn NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 822 15 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 822 16 distinctly distinctly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 822 17 lower low JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 822 18 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 822 19 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 822 20 pig pig NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 822 21 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 822 22 poultry poultry NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 822 23 production production NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 823 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 823 2 Seedorf Seedorf NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 823 3 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 823 4 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 823 5 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 824 1 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 824 2 1998a 1998a CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 824 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 824 4 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 825 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 825 2 same same JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 825 3 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 825 4 true true JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 825 5 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 825 6 endotoxins endotoxin NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 825 7 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 825 8 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 825 9 one one CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 825 10 log log NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 825 11 lower lower RBR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 825 12 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 825 13 cow cow NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 825 14 barns barn NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 825 15 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 825 16 distinctly distinctly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 825 17 higher high JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 825 18 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 825 19 pig pig NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 825 20 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 825 21 poultry poultry NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 825 22 houses house NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 825 23 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 826 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 826 2 dust dust NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 826 3 emissions emission NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 826 4 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 826 5 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 826 6 10 10 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 826 7 times time NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 826 8 higher high JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 826 9 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 826 10 piggeries piggery NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 826 11 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 826 12 100 100 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 826 13 times time NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 826 14 higher high JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 826 15 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 826 16 broiler broiler NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 826 17 barns barn NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 826 18 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 827 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 827 2 ammonia ammonia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 827 3 concentration concentration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 827 4 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 827 5 usually usually RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 827 6 lower low JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 827 7 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 827 8 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 827 9 piggeries piggery NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 827 10 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 827 11 laying lay VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 827 12 hen hen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 827 13 houses house NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 827 14 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 828 1 However however RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 828 2 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 828 3 depends depend VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 828 4 greatly greatly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 828 5 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 828 6 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 828 7 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 828 8 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 828 9 manure manure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 828 10 management management NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 828 11 system system NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 828 12 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 829 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 829 2 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 829 3 US US NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 829 4 study study NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 829 5 Johnson Johnson NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 829 6 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 829 7 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 829 8 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 830 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 830 2 2001 2001 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 830 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 830 4 reported report VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 830 5 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 830 6 cow cow NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 830 7 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 830 8 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 830 9 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 830 10 stocker stocker NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 830 11 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 830 12 feedlot feedlot NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 830 13 phases phase NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 830 14 contribute contribute VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 830 15 considerable considerable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 830 16 amounts amount NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 830 17 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 830 18 nitrous nitrous JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 830 19 oxide oxide NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 830 20 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 830 21 methane methane NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 830 22 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 830 23 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 830 24 emissions emission NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 830 25 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 830 26 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 830 27 production production NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 830 28 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 831 1 9 9 LS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 831 2 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 832 1 Comparison comparison NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 832 2 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 832 3 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 832 4 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 832 5 factors factor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 832 6 9.1 9.1 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 832 7 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 833 1 Feeding feeding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 833 2 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 833 3 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 833 4 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 833 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 833 6 weaning wean VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 833 7 strategies strategy NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 833 8 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 833 9 quality quality NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 833 10 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 833 11 solid solid JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 833 12 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 833 13 liquid liquid JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 833 14 feed feed NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 833 15 9.1.1 9.1.1 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 833 16 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 834 1 Feeding feeding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 834 2 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 835 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 835 2 main main JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 835 3 potential potential JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 835 4 problems problem NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 835 5 associated associate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 835 6 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 835 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 835 8 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 835 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 835 10 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 835 11 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 835 12 large large JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 835 13 groups group NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 835 14 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 835 15 automatic automatic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 835 16 feeders feeder NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 835 17 include include VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 835 18 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 835 19 cross cross VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 835 20 sucking sucking NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 835 21 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 835 22 i.e. i.e. FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 835 23 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 835 24 non non JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 835 25 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 835 26 nutritive nutritive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 835 27 sucking sucking NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 835 28 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 835 29 parts part NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 835 30 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 835 31 another another DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 835 32 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 835 33 's 's POS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 835 34 body body NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 835 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 835 36 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 835 37 particular particular JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 835 38 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 835 39 ears ear NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 835 40 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 835 41 mouth mouth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 835 42 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 835 43 navel navel NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 835 44 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 835 45 udder udder NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 835 46 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 835 47 base base NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 835 48 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 835 49 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 835 50 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 835 51 case case NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 835 52 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 835 53 bull bull NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 835 54 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 835 55 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 835 56 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 835 57 scrotum scrotum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 835 58 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 835 59 prepuce prepuce NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 835 60 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 835 61 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 836 1 Plath Plath NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 836 2 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 836 3 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 836 4 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 837 1 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 837 2 1998 1998 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 837 3 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 837 4 Bokkers Bokkers NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 837 5 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 837 6 Koene Koene NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 837 7 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 837 8 2001 2001 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 837 9 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 837 10 Jensen Jensen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 837 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 837 12 2003 2003 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 837 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 837 14 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 837 15 competition competition NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 837 16 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 837 17 access access NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 837 18 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 837 19 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 837 20 feeder feeder NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 837 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 837 22 Jensen Jensen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 837 23 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 837 24 2003 2003 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 837 25 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 837 26 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 837 27 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 837 28 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 837 29 problems problem NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 837 30 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 837 31 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 837 32 particular particular JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 837 33 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 837 34 high high JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 837 35 incidence incidence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 837 36 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 837 37 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 837 38 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 837 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 837 40 Maatje Maatje NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 837 41 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 837 42 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 837 43 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 837 44 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 837 45 1993 1993 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 837 46 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 837 47 Plath Plath NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 837 48 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 837 49 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 837 50 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 837 51 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 837 52 1998 1998 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 837 53 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 837 54 Svensson Svensson NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 837 55 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 837 56 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 837 57 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 838 1 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 838 2 2000 2000 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 839 1 Svensson Svensson NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 839 2 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 839 3 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 839 4 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 840 1 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 840 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 840 3 2003 2003 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 840 4 Hepola Hepola NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 840 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 840 6 2003 2003 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 840 7 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 840 8 Engelbrecht Engelbrecht NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 840 9 Pedersen Pedersen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 840 10 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 840 11 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 840 12 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 840 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 840 14 2005 2005 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 840 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 840 16 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 841 1 A a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 841 2 number number NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 841 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 841 4 factors factor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 841 5 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 841 6 been be VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 841 7 identified identify VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 841 8 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 841 9 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 841 10 likely likely RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 841 11 associated associate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 841 12 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 841 13 some some DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 841 14 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 841 15 these these DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 841 16 problems problem NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 841 17 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 841 18 although although IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 841 19 conflicting conflicting JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 841 20 results result NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 841 21 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 841 22 been be VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 841 23 reported report VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 841 24 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 842 1 Cross cross NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 842 2 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 842 3 sucking sucking JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 842 4 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 842 5 linked link VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 842 6 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 842 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 842 8 sucking suck VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 842 9 motivation motivation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 842 10 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 842 11 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 842 12 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 842 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 842 14 hence hence RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 842 15 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 842 16 measures measure NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 842 17 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 842 18 reduce reduce VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 842 19 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 842 20 motivation motivation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 842 21 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 842 22 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 842 23 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 842 24 non non JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 842 25 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 842 26 nutritive nutritive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 842 27 sucking sucking NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 842 28 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 842 29 reduce reduce VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 842 30 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 842 31 occurrence occurrence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 842 32 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 842 33 cross cross JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 842 34 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 842 35 sucking sucking JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 842 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 842 37 De De NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 842 38 Passillé Passillé NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 842 39 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 842 40 2001 2001 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 842 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 842 42 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 843 1 An an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 843 2 increased increase VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 843 3 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 843 4 allowance allowance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 843 5 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 843 6 reduced reduce VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 843 7 non non JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 843 8 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 843 9 nutritive nutritive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 843 10 sucking sucking NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 843 11 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 843 12 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 843 13 teat teat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 843 14 as as RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 843 15 well well RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 843 16 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 843 17 cross cross NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 843 18 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 843 19 sucking suck VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 843 20 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 843 21 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 843 22 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 843 23 housed house VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 843 24 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 843 25 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 843 26 one one CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 843 27 experiment experiment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 843 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 843 29 Jung Jung NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 843 30 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 843 31 Lidfors Lidfors NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 843 32 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 843 33 2001 2001 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 843 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 843 35 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 843 36 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 843 37 did do VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 843 38 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 843 39 affect affect VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 843 40 cross cross JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 843 41 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 843 42 sucking suck VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 843 43 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 843 44 another another DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 844 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 844 2 Jensen Jensen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 844 3 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 844 4 Holm Holm NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 844 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 844 6 2003 2003 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 844 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 844 8 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 845 1 Reducing reduce VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 845 2 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 845 3 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 845 4 flow flow NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 845 5 rate rate NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 845 6 decreased decrease VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 845 7 nonnutritive nonnutritive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 845 8 sucking suck VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 845 9 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 845 10 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 845 11 teat teat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 845 12 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 845 13 individually individually RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 845 14 housed house VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 845 15 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 845 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 845 17 Haley Haley NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 845 18 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 845 19 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 845 20 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 845 21 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 845 22 1998 1998 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 845 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 845 24 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 845 25 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 845 26 failed fail VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 845 27 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 845 28 influence influence VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 845 29 cross cross JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 845 30 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 845 31 sucking suck VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 845 32 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 845 33 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 845 34 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 845 35 housed house VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 845 36 ones one NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 845 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 845 38 Jung Jung NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 845 39 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 845 40 Lidfors Lidfors NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 845 41 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 845 42 2001 2001 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 845 43 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 845 44 Jensen Jensen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 845 45 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 845 46 Holm Holm NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 845 47 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 845 48 2003 2003 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 845 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 845 50 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 846 1 Alternatively alternatively RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 846 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 846 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 846 4 has have VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 846 5 been be VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 846 6 suggested suggest VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 846 7 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 846 8 hunger hunger NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 846 9 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 846 10 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 846 11 control control VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 846 12 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 846 13 level level NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 846 14 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 846 15 non non JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 846 16 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 846 17 nutritive nutritive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 846 18 sucking sucking NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 846 19 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 846 20 possibly possibly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 846 21 cross cross VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 846 22 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 846 23 sucking sucking JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 846 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 846 25 Jensen Jensen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 846 26 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 846 27 2003 2003 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 846 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 846 29 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 1 This this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 2 idea idea NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 3 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 4 consistent consistent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 5 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 6 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 7 observations observation NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 8 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 9 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 10 duration duration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 12 unrewarded unrewarded JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 13 visits visit NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 14 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 15 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 16 automatic automatic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 17 feeding feeding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 18 station station NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 19 increased increase VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 20 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 21 gradual gradual JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 22 weaning weaning NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 24 Jensen Jensen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 25 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 26 Holm Holm NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 27 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 28 2003 2003 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 30 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 31 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 32 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 33 under under IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 34 practical practical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 35 farm farm NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 36 conditions condition NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 37 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 38 frequency frequency NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 39 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 40 cross cross JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 41 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 42 sucking sucking JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 43 among among IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 44 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 45 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 46 around around IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 47 weaning wean VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 48 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 49 increased increase VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 50 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 51 decreasing decrease VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 52 availability availability NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 53 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 54 energy energy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 55 density density NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 56 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 57 solid solid JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 58 feeds feed NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 59 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 60 Keil Keil NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 61 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 62 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 63 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 64 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 65 2000 2000 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 66 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 67 Keil Keil NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 68 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 69 Langhans Langhans NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 70 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 71 2001 2001 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 72 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 847 73 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 848 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 848 2 contrast contrast NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 848 3 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 848 4 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 848 5 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 848 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 848 7 white white JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 848 8 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 848 9 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 848 10 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 848 11 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 848 12 weaned wean VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 848 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 848 14 receive receive VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 848 15 large large JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 848 16 amounts amount NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 848 17 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 848 18 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 848 19 replacer replacer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 848 20 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 848 21 usually usually RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 848 22 obtain obtain VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 848 23 only only RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 848 24 restricted restrict VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 848 25 amounts amount NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 848 26 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 848 27 solid solid JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 848 28 food food NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 848 29 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 849 1 These these DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 849 2 additional additional JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 849 3 factors factor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 849 4 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 849 5 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 849 6 affect affect VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 849 7 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 849 8 perhaps perhaps RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 849 9 exacerbate exacerbate VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 849 10 crosssucking crosssucke VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 849 11 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 849 12 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 849 13 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 849 14 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 849 15 automatic automatic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 849 16 feeder feeder NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 849 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 849 18 Jensen Jensen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 849 19 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 849 20 2003 2003 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 849 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 849 22 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 850 1 Results result NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 850 2 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 850 3 Veissier Veissier NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 850 4 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 850 5 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 850 6 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 851 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 851 2 2002 2002 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 851 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 851 4 showing show VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 851 5 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 851 6 bucket bucket NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 851 7 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 851 8 fed feed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 851 9 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 851 10 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 851 11 housed house VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 851 12 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 851 13 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 851 14 show show VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 851 15 less less RBR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 851 16 cross cross NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 851 17 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 851 18 sucking sucking JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 851 19 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 851 20 those those DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 851 21 fed feed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 851 22 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 851 23 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 851 24 automatic automatic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 851 25 feeder feeder NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 851 26 again again RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 851 27 seem seem VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 851 28 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 851 29 implicate implicate VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 851 30 factors factor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 851 31 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 851 32 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 851 33 sucking suck VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 851 34 motivation motivation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 851 35 per per FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 851 36 se se FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 851 37 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 851 38 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 851 39 development development NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 851 40 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 851 41 expression expression NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 851 42 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 851 43 cross cross JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 851 44 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 851 45 sucking sucking JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 851 46 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 852 1 On on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 852 2 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 852 3 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 852 4 hand hand NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 852 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 852 6 rearing rear VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 852 7 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 852 8 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 852 9 large large JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 852 10 groups group NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 852 11 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 852 12 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 852 13 automatic automatic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 852 14 feeder feeder NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 852 15 allows allow VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 852 16 more more JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 852 17 interactions interaction NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 852 18 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 852 19 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 852 20 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 852 21 offers offer VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 852 22 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 852 23 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 852 24 possibility possibility NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 852 25 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 852 26 suck suck VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 852 27 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 852 28 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 853 1 Competition competition NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 853 2 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 853 3 access access NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 853 4 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 853 5 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 853 6 automatic automatic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 853 7 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 853 8 feeder feeder NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 853 9 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 853 10 increased increase VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 853 11 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 853 12 groups group NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 853 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 853 14 16 16 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 853 15 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 853 16 24 24 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 853 17 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 853 18 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 853 19 comparison comparison NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 853 20 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 853 21 groups group NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 853 22 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 853 23 8 8 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 853 24 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 853 25 12 12 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 853 26 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 853 27 respectively respectively RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 854 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 854 2 Herrmann Herrmann NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 854 3 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 854 4 Knierim Knierim NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 854 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 854 6 1999 1999 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 854 7 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 854 8 Jensen Jensen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 854 9 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 854 10 2004 2004 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 854 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 854 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 854 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 854 14 under under IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 854 15 dietary dietary JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 854 16 conditions condition NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 854 17 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 854 18 relatively relatively RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 854 19 low low JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 854 20 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 854 21 allowance allowance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 854 22 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 854 23 reduced reduce VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 854 24 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 854 25 flow flow NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 854 26 rate rate NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 854 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 854 28 Jensen Jensen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 854 29 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 854 30 Holm Holm NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 854 31 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 854 32 2003 2003 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 854 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 854 34 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 855 1 Protecting protect VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 855 2 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 855 3 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 855 4 displacement displacement NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 855 5 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 855 6 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 855 7 feeder feeder NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 855 8 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 855 9 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 855 10 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 855 11 accomplished accomplish VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 855 12 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 855 13 fitting fit VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 855 14 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 855 15 closed closed JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 855 16 feeding feeding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 855 17 stall stall NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 855 18 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 855 19 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 855 20 station station NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 855 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 855 22 Weber Weber NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 855 23 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 855 24 Wechsler Wechsler NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 855 25 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 855 26 2001 2001 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 855 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 855 28 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 856 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 856 2 comparison comparison NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 856 3 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 856 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 856 5 usual usual JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 856 6 setup setup NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 856 7 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 856 8 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 856 9 modification modification NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 856 10 increased increase VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 856 11 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 856 12 duration duration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 856 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 856 14 visits visit NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 856 15 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 856 16 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 856 17 feeder feeder NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 856 18 as as RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 856 19 well well RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 856 20 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 856 21 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 856 22 duration duration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 856 23 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 856 24 non non JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 856 25 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 856 26 nutritive nutritive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 856 27 sucking sucking NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 856 28 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 856 29 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 856 30 teat teat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 856 31 after after IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 856 32 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 856 33 ingestion ingestion NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 856 34 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 856 35 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 856 36 significantly significantly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 856 37 reduced reduce VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 856 38 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 856 39 frequency frequency NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 856 40 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 856 41 cross cross JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 856 42 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 856 43 sucking suck VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 856 44 within within IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 856 45 15 15 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 856 46 minutes minute NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 856 47 after after IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 856 48 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 856 49 ingestion ingestion NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 856 50 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 857 1 However however RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 857 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 857 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 857 4 incidence incidence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 857 5 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 857 6 cross cross JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 857 7 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 857 8 sucking sucking JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 857 9 performed perform VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 857 10 without without IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 857 11 prior prior JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 857 12 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 857 13 ingestion ingestion NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 857 14 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 857 15 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 857 16 affected affect VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 857 17 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 857 18 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 857 19 design design NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 857 20 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 857 21 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 857 22 feeder feeder NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 857 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 857 24 Weber Weber NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 857 25 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 857 26 Wechsler Wechsler NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 857 27 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 857 28 2001 2001 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 857 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 857 30 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 858 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 858 2 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 858 3 recent recent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 858 4 comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 858 5 review review NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 858 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 858 7 Jensen Jensen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 858 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 858 9 2003 2003 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 858 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 858 11 observes observe VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 858 12 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 858 13 there there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 858 14 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 858 15 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 858 16 lack lack NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 858 17 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 858 18 knowledge knowledge NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 858 19 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 858 20 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 858 21 effect effect NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 858 22 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 858 23 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 858 24 weaning weaning NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 858 25 methods method NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 858 26 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 858 27 cross cross NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 858 28 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 858 29 sucking sucking JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 858 30 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 859 1 She -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 859 2 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 859 3 concludes conclude VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 859 4 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 859 5 future future JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 859 6 research research NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 859 7 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 859 8 focus focus VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 859 9 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 859 10 preventive preventive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 859 11 measures measure NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 859 12 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 859 13 reduce reduce VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 859 14 cross cross JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 859 15 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 859 16 sucking sucking JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 859 17 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 859 18 problems problem NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 859 19 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 859 20 aggression aggression NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 859 21 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 859 22 automatically automatically RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 859 23 fed feed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 859 24 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 859 25 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 859 26 including include VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 859 27 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 859 28 establishment establishment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 859 29 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 859 30 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 859 31 numbers number NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 859 32 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 859 33 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 859 34 per per IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 859 35 feeder feeder NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 859 36 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 860 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 860 2 apparent apparent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 860 3 increase increase NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 860 4 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 860 5 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 860 6 problems problem NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 860 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 860 8 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 860 9 kept keep VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 860 10 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 860 11 large large JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 860 12 groups group NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 860 13 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 860 14 automatic automatic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 860 15 feeders feeder NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 860 16 might may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 860 17 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 860 18 related relate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 860 19 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 860 20 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 860 21 size size NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 860 22 rather rather RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 860 23 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 860 24 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 860 25 feeding feed VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 860 26 system system NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 860 27 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 861 1 A a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 861 2 comparison comparison NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 861 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 861 4 two two CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 861 5 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 861 6 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 861 7 sizes size NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 861 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 861 9 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 861 10 fed feed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 861 11 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 861 12 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 861 13 automatic automatic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 861 14 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 861 15 feeder feeder NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 861 16 showed show VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 861 17 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 861 18 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 861 19 housed house VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 861 20 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 861 21 groups group NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 861 22 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 861 23 12 12 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 861 24 - - SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 861 25 18 18 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 861 26 had have VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 861 27 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 861 28 higher high JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 861 29 incidence incidence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 861 30 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 861 31 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 861 32 illness illness NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 861 33 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 861 34 grew grow VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 861 35 less less JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 861 36 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 861 37 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 861 38 housed house VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 861 39 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 861 40 groups group NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 861 41 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 861 42 6 6 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 861 43 - - SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 861 44 9 9 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 861 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 861 46 Svensson Svensson NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 861 47 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 861 48 Liberg Liberg NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 861 49 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 861 50 2006 2006 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 861 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 861 52 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 862 1 Similarly similarly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 862 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 862 3 placement placement NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 862 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 862 5 preweaning preweane VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 862 6 heifer heifer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 862 7 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 862 8 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 862 9 groups group NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 862 10 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 862 11 7 7 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 862 12 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 862 13 more more JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 862 14 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 862 15 associated associate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 862 16 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 862 17 high high JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 862 18 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 862 19 mortality mortality NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 862 20 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 862 21 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 862 22 large large JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 862 23 scale scale NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 862 24 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 862 25 survey survey NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 862 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 862 27 Losinger Losinger NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 862 28 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 862 29 Heinrichs Heinrichs NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 862 30 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 862 31 1997 1997 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 862 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 862 33 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 863 1 Interestingly interestingly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 863 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 863 3 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 863 4 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 863 5 study study NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 863 6 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 863 7 Kung Kung NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 863 8 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 863 9 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 863 10 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 864 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 864 2 1997 1997 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 864 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 864 4 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 864 5 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 864 6 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 864 7 housed house VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 864 8 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 864 9 fed feed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 864 10 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 864 11 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 864 12 automatic automatic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 864 13 feeding feeding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 864 14 system system NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 864 15 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 864 16 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 864 17 supply supply NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 864 18 had have VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 864 19 fewer few JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 864 20 days day NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 864 21 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 864 22 medication medication NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 864 23 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 864 24 those those DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 864 25 kept keep VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 864 26 individually individually RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 864 27 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 864 28 separate separate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 864 29 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 864 30 hutches hutch NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 864 31 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 865 1 These these DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 865 2 authors author NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 865 3 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 865 4 emphasize emphasize VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 865 5 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 865 6 importance importance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 865 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 865 8 good good JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 865 9 management management NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 865 10 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 865 11 frequent frequent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 865 12 observations observation NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 865 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 865 14 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 865 15 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 865 16 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 865 17 integral integral JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 865 18 part part NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 865 19 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 865 20 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 865 21 successful successful JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 865 22 rearing rearing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 865 23 program program NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 865 24 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 866 1 Likewise likewise RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 866 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 866 3 Howard Howard NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 866 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 866 5 2003 2003 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 866 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 866 7 specifically specifically RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 866 8 links link VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 866 9 good good JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 866 10 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 866 11 correct correct JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 866 12 management management NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 866 13 practices practice NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 866 14 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 866 15 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 866 16 prevention prevention NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 866 17 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 866 18 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 866 19 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 866 20 successful successful JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 866 21 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 866 22 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 866 23 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 866 24 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 866 25 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 866 26 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 867 1 Natural natural JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 867 2 weaning weaning NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 867 3 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 867 4 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 867 5 takes take VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 867 6 place place NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 867 7 when when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 867 8 young young JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 867 9 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 867 10 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 867 11 around around IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 867 12 8 8 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 867 13 - - SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 867 14 9 9 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 867 15 months month NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 867 16 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 867 17 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 867 18 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 868 1 Depending depend VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 868 2 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 868 3 productive productive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 868 4 system system NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 868 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 868 6 weaning weaning NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 868 7 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 868 8 usually usually RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 868 9 occur occur VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 868 10 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 868 11 1 1 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 868 12 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 868 13 10 10 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 868 14 months month NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 868 15 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 868 16 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 868 17 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 869 1 Dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 869 2 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 869 3 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 869 4 usually usually RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 869 5 reared rear VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 869 6 away away RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 869 7 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 869 8 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 869 9 dams dam NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 869 10 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 869 11 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 869 12 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 869 13 given give VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 869 14 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 869 15 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 869 16 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 869 17 replacer replacer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 869 18 until until IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 869 19 weaning wean VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 869 20 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 869 21 6 6 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 869 22 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 869 23 8 8 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 869 24 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 869 25 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 869 26 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 869 27 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 870 1 However however RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 870 2 Holstein Holstein NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 870 3 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 870 4 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 870 5 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 870 6 weaned wean VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 870 7 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 870 8 3 3 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 870 9 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 870 10 5 5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 870 11 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 870 12 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 870 13 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 870 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 870 15 early early JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 870 16 weaning weaning NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 870 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 870 18 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 871 1 Beef beef NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 871 2 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 871 3 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 871 4 usually usually RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 871 5 weaned wean VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 871 6 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 871 7 6 6 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 871 8 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 871 9 10 10 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 871 10 months month NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 871 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 871 12 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 871 13 depending depend VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 871 14 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 871 15 season season NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 871 16 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 871 17 birth birth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 871 18 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 872 1 Early early JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 872 2 weaning weaning NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 872 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 872 4 beef beef NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 872 5 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 872 6 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 872 7 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 872 8 considered consider VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 872 9 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 872 10 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 872 11 management management NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 872 12 practice practice NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 872 13 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 872 14 poor poor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 872 15 climate climate NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 872 16 conditions condition NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 872 17 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 872 18 where where WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 872 19 forage forage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 872 20 quality quality NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 872 21 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 872 22 poor poor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 872 23 later later RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 872 24 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 872 25 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 872 26 grazing grazing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 872 27 season season NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 872 28 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 873 1 Several several JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 873 2 studies study NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 873 3 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 873 4 shown show VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 873 5 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 873 6 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 873 7 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 873 8 possible possible JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 873 9 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 873 10 wean wean VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 873 11 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 873 12 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 873 13 very very RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 873 14 young young JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 873 15 ages age NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 873 16 based base VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 873 17 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 873 18 concentrate concentrate NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 873 19 intake intake NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 873 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 873 21 SVC SVC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 873 22 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 873 23 1995 1995 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 873 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 873 25 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 874 1 However however RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 874 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 874 3 regardless regardless RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 874 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 874 5 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 874 6 productive productive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 874 7 system system NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 874 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 874 9 weaning weaning NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 874 10 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 874 11 effective effective JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 874 12 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 874 13 does do VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 874 14 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 874 15 cause cause VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 874 16 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 874 17 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 874 18 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 874 19 problems problem NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 874 20 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 874 21 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 874 22 when when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 874 23 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 874 24 occurs occur VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 874 25 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 874 26 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 874 27 smooth smooth JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 874 28 transition transition NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 874 29 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 874 30 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 874 31 immature immature JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 874 32 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 874 33 mature mature VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 874 34 ruminant ruminant NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 874 35 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 874 36 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 874 37 adequate adequate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 874 38 size size NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 874 39 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 874 40 development development NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 874 41 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 874 42 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 874 43 reticulo reticulo NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 874 44 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 874 45 rumen rumen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 874 46 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 874 47 efficient efficient JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 874 48 utilisation utilisation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 874 49 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 874 50 dry dry JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 874 51 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 874 52 forage forage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 874 53 based base VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 874 54 diets diet NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 874 55 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 875 1 At at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 875 2 birth birth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 875 3 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 875 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 875 5 reticulum reticulum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 875 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 875 7 rumen rumen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 875 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 875 9 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 875 10 omasum omasum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 875 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 875 12 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 875 13 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 875 14 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 875 15 undeveloped undeveloped JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 875 16 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 875 17 nonfunctional nonfunctional JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 875 18 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 875 19 small small JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 875 20 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 875 21 size size NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 875 22 compared compare VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 875 23 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 875 24 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 875 25 abomasum abomasum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 875 26 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 875 27 rumen rumen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 875 28 remains remain VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 875 29 underdeveloped underdeveloped JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 875 30 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 875 31 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 875 32 first first JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 875 33 2 2 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 875 34 - - SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 875 35 3 3 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 875 36 months month NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 875 37 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 875 38 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 875 39 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 876 1 Calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 876 2 being be VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 876 3 ruminant ruminant NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 876 4 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 876 5 require require VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 876 6 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 876 7 physically physically RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 876 8 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 876 9 functionally functionally RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 876 10 developed develop VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 876 11 rumen rumen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 876 12 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 876 13 consume consume VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 876 14 forages forage NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 876 15 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 876 16 dry dry JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 876 17 feeds feed NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 876 18 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 877 1 However however RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 877 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 877 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 877 4 rumen rumen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 877 5 will will MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 877 6 remain remain VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 877 7 undeveloped undeveloped JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 877 8 if if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 877 9 diet diet NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 877 10 requirements requirement NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 877 11 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 877 12 rumen rumen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 877 13 development development NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 877 14 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 877 15 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 877 16 provided provide VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 877 17 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 878 1 Solid solid JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 878 2 feed feed NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 878 3 intake intake NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 878 4 stimulates stimulate VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 878 5 rumen rumen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 878 6 microbial microbial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 878 7 proliferation proliferation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 878 8 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 878 9 production production NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 878 10 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 878 11 microbial microbial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 878 12 end end NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 878 13 products product NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 878 14 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 878 15 volatile volatile JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 878 16 fatty fatty JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 878 17 acids acid NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 878 18 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 878 19 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 878 20 initiate initiate VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 878 21 rumen rumen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 878 22 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 878 23 development development NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 878 24 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 879 1 Solid solid JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 879 2 feeds feed NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 879 3 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 879 4 preferentially preferentially RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 879 5 directed direct VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 879 6 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 879 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 879 8 reticulo reticulo NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 879 9 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 879 10 rumen rumen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 879 11 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 879 12 digestion digestion NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 879 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 879 14 however however RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 879 15 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 879 16 differ differ VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 879 17 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 879 18 efficacy efficacy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 879 19 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 879 20 stimulate stimulate VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 879 21 rumen rumen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 879 22 development development NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 879 23 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 880 1 Recent recent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 880 2 studies study NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 880 3 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 880 4 shown show VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 880 5 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 880 6 addition addition NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 880 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 880 8 yeast yeast NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 880 9 culture culture NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 880 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 880 11 2 2 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 880 12 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 880 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 880 14 increased increase VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 880 15 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 880 16 grain grain NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 880 17 intake intake NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 880 18 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 880 19 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 880 20 did do VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 880 21 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 880 22 affect affect VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 880 23 rumen rumen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 880 24 development development NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 880 25 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 880 26 young young JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 880 27 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 880 28 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 880 29 while while IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 880 30 papillae papilla NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 880 31 length length NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 880 32 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 880 33 rumen rumen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 880 34 wall wall NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 880 35 thickness thickness NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 880 36 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 880 37 significantly significantly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 880 38 greater great JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 880 39 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 881 1 4 4 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 881 2 week week NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 881 3 old old JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 881 4 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 881 5 fed feed VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 881 6 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 881 7 starters starter NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 881 8 containing contain VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 881 9 steamflaked steamflake VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 881 10 corn corn NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 881 11 over over IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 881 12 those those DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 881 13 fed feed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 881 14 dry dry RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 881 15 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 881 16 rolled roll VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 881 17 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 881 18 whole whole JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 881 19 corn corn NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 881 20 when when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 881 21 these these DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 881 22 corn corn NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 881 23 supplements supplement NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 881 24 made make VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 881 25 up up RP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 881 26 33 33 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 881 27 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 881 28 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 881 29 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 881 30 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 881 31 starter starter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 881 32 showing show VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 881 33 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 881 34 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 881 35 type type NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 881 36 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 881 37 grain grain NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 881 38 processing processing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 881 39 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 881 40 influence influence VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 881 41 rumen rumen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 881 42 development development NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 881 43 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 881 44 young young JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 881 45 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 881 46 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 882 1 Forages forage NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 882 2 seem seem VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 882 3 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 882 4 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 882 5 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 882 6 primary primary JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 882 7 stimulators stimulator NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 882 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 882 9 rumen rumen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 882 10 muscularization muscularization NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 882 11 development development NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 882 12 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 882 13 increased increase VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 882 14 rumen rumen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 882 15 volume volume NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 882 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 882 17 Zitnan Zitnan NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 882 18 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 882 19 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 882 20 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 882 21 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 882 22 1998 1998 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 882 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 882 24 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 883 1 Large large JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 883 2 particle particle NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 883 3 size size NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 883 4 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 883 5 high high JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 883 6 effective effective JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 883 7 fibre fibre NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 883 8 content content NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 883 9 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 883 10 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 883 11 increased increase VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 883 12 bulk bulk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 883 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 883 14 forages forage NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 883 15 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 883 16 high high JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 883 17 fibre fibre NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 883 18 sources source NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 883 19 physically physically RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 883 20 increase increase VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 883 21 rumen rumen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 883 22 wall wall NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 883 23 stimulation stimulation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 883 24 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 883 25 subsequently subsequently RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 883 26 increasing increase VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 883 27 rumen rumen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 883 28 motility motility NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 883 29 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 883 30 muscularization muscularization NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 883 31 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 883 32 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 883 33 volume volume NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 883 34 Coverdale Coverdale NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 883 35 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 883 36 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 883 37 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 883 38 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 883 39 2004 2004 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 883 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 883 41 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 884 1 Besides besides RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 884 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 884 3 solid solid JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 884 4 feeds feed NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 884 5 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 884 6 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 884 7 forages forage NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 884 8 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 884 9 bulky bulky JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 884 10 feedstuffs feedstuffs NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 884 11 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 884 12 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 884 13 effective effective JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 884 14 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 884 15 influencing influence VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 884 16 rumen rumen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 884 17 capacity capacity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 884 18 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 884 19 muscularization muscularization NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 884 20 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 885 1 Coarsely coarsely RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 885 2 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 885 3 moderately moderately RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 885 4 ground ground NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 885 5 concentrate concentrate NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 885 6 diets diet NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 885 7 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 885 8 been be VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 885 9 shown show VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 885 10 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 885 11 increase increase VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 885 12 rumen rumen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 885 13 capacity capacity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 885 14 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 885 15 muscularization muscularization NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 885 16 more more JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 885 17 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 885 18 finely finely RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 885 19 ground grind VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 885 20 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 885 21 pelleted pellete VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 885 22 concentrate concentrate NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 885 23 diets diet NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 885 24 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 885 25 indicating indicate VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 885 26 that that DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 885 27 extent extent NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 885 28 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 885 29 processing processing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 885 30 and/or and/or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 885 31 concentrate concentrate VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 885 32 particle particle NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 885 33 size size NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 885 34 affects affect VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 885 35 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 885 36 ability ability NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 885 37 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 885 38 concentrates concentrate NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 885 39 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 885 40 stimulate stimulate VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 885 41 rumen rumen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 885 42 capacity capacity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 885 43 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 885 44 muscularization muscularization NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 885 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 885 46 Beharka Beharka NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 885 47 et et FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 885 48 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 885 49 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 885 50 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 885 51 1998 1998 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 885 52 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 885 53 Greenwood Greenwood NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 885 54 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 885 55 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 885 56 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 885 57 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 885 58 1997 1997 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 885 59 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 885 60 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 886 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 886 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 886 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 886 4 seems seem VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 886 5 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 886 6 concentrate concentrate VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 886 7 diets diet NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 886 8 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 886 9 increased increase VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 886 10 particle particle NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 886 11 size size NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 886 12 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 886 13 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 886 14 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 886 15 most most RBS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 886 16 desirable desirable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 886 17 feedstuff feedstuff NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 886 18 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 886 19 overall overall JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 886 20 rumen rumen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 886 21 development development NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 886 22 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 886 23 due due IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 886 24 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 886 25 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 886 26 ability ability NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 886 27 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 886 28 stimulate stimulate VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 886 29 epithelial epithelial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 886 30 development development NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 886 31 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 886 32 rumen rumen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 886 33 capacity capacity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 886 34 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 886 35 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 886 36 rumen rumen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 886 37 muscularization muscularization NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 886 38 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 887 1 Calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 887 2 weaning weaning NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 887 3 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 887 4 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 887 5 based base VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 887 6 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 887 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 887 8 amount amount NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 887 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 887 10 dry dry JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 887 11 feed feed NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 887 12 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 887 13 ingest ingest VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 887 14 per per IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 887 15 day day NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 887 16 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 887 17 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 887 18 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 887 19 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 887 20 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 887 21 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 887 22 weight weight NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 887 23 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 887 24 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 887 25 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 887 26 starter starter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 887 27 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 887 28 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 887 29 made make VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 887 30 available available JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 887 31 five five CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 887 32 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 887 33 10 10 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 887 34 days day NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 887 35 after after IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 887 36 birth birth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 887 37 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 888 1 But but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 888 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 888 3 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 888 4 pointed point VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 888 5 out out RP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 888 6 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 888 7 recent recent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 888 8 research research NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 888 9 attention attention NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 888 10 must must MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 888 11 paid pay VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 888 12 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 888 13 type type NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 888 14 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 888 15 forage forage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 888 16 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 888 17 consistent consistent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 888 18 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 888 19 particle particle NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 888 20 size size NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 888 21 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 888 22 starter starter JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 888 23 grain grain NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 888 24 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 888 25 order order NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 888 26 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 888 27 achieve achieve VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 888 28 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 888 29 proper proper JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 888 30 rumen rumen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 888 31 development development NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 888 32 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 889 1 A a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 889 2 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 889 3 consuming consume VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 889 4 0.7 0.7 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 889 5 kg kg NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 889 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 889 7 dry dry JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 889 8 feed feed NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 889 9 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 889 10 more more JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 889 11 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 889 12 three three CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 889 13 consecutive consecutive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 889 14 days day NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 889 15 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 889 16 ready ready JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 889 17 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 889 18 weaning wean VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 889 19 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 890 1 When when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 890 2 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 890 3 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 890 4 fed feed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 890 5 low low JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 890 6 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 890 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 890 8 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 890 9 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 890 10 encourage encourage VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 890 11 early early JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 890 12 consumption consumption NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 890 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 890 14 dry dry JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 890 15 food food NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 890 16 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 890 17 weaning weaning NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 890 18 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 890 19 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 890 20 done do VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 890 21 abruptly abruptly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 890 22 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 891 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 891 2 contrast contrast NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 891 3 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 891 4 if if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 891 5 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 891 6 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 891 7 given give VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 891 8 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 891 9 large large JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 891 10 amounts amount NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 891 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 891 12 weaning weaning NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 891 13 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 891 14 require require VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 891 15 two two CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 891 16 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 891 17 three three CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 891 18 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 891 19 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 891 20 slow slow JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 891 21 transition transition NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 891 22 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 891 23 avoid avoid VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 891 24 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 891 25 setback setback NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 891 26 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 891 27 growth growth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 891 28 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 892 1 Early early RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 892 2 weaning weaning NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 892 3 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 892 4 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 892 5 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 892 6 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 892 7 used use VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 892 8 if if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 892 9 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 892 10 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 892 11 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 892 12 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 892 13 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 892 14 negative negative JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 892 15 energy energy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 892 16 balance balance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 892 17 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 893 1 9.1.3 9.1.3 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 893 2 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 894 1 Quality quality NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 894 2 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 894 3 solid solid JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 894 4 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 894 5 liquid liquid JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 894 6 feed feed NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 894 7 9.1.3.1 9.1.3.1 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 894 8 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 895 1 Solid solid JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 895 2 feed feed NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 895 3 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 895 4 concentrates concentrate NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 895 5 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 895 6 roughage roughage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 895 7 Traditionally traditionally RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 895 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 895 9 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 895 10 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 895 11 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 895 12 fattened fatten VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 895 13 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 895 14 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 895 15 diet diet NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 895 16 consisting consist VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 895 17 exclusively exclusively RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 895 18 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 895 19 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 895 20 replacer replacer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 895 21 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 896 1 Calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 896 2 fed feed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 896 3 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 896 4 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 896 5 manner manner NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 896 6 show show VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 896 7 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 896 8 number number NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 896 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 896 10 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 896 11 problems problem NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 896 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 896 13 reviewed review VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 896 14 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 896 15 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 896 16 previous previous JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 896 17 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 896 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 896 19 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 896 20 including include VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 896 21 abnormal abnormal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 896 22 behaviours behaviour NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 896 23 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 896 24 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 896 25 associated associate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 896 26 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 896 27 lack lack NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 896 28 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 896 29 rumen rumen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 896 30 development development NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 896 31 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 897 1 To to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 897 2 better well RBR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 897 3 safeguard safeguard VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 897 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 897 5 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 897 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 897 7 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 897 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 897 9 provision provision NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 897 10 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 897 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 897 12 some some DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 897 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 897 14 solid solid JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 897 15 feed feed NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 897 16 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 897 17 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 897 18 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 897 19 has have VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 897 20 become become VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 897 21 compulsory compulsory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 897 22 according accord VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 897 23 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 897 24 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 897 25 latest late JJS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 897 26 amendment amendment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 897 27 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 897 28 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 897 29 annex annex NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 897 30 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 897 31 Council Council NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 897 32 Directive Directive NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 897 33 91/629 91/629 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 897 34 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 897 35 EEC EEC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 897 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 897 37 Commission Commission NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 897 38 Decision Decision NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 897 39 97/182 97/182 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 897 40 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 897 41 EC EC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 897 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 897 43 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 1 However however RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 3 provision provision NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 5 roughage roughage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 6 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 7 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 8 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 9 fed feed VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 10 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 11 regular regular JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 12 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 13 replacer replacer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 14 diet diet NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 15 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 16 has have VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 17 clearly clearly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 18 been be VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 19 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 20 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 21 increase increase VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 22 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 23 incidence incidence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 24 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 25 abomasal abomasal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 26 ulcers ulcer NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 27 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 28 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 29 particular particular JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 30 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 31 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 32 pyloric pyloric JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 33 part part NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 35 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 36 connects connect VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 37 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 38 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 39 duodenum duodenum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 42 Wensink Wensink NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 43 et et FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 44 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 45 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 46 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 47 1986 1986 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 48 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 49 Welchman Welchman NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 50 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 51 Baust Baust NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 52 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 53 1987 1987 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 54 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 55 Breukink Breukink NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 56 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 57 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 58 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 59 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 60 1991 1991 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 61 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 898 62 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 899 1 Thus thus RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 899 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 899 3 recent recent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 899 4 studies study NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 899 5 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 899 6 largely largely RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 899 7 focussed focusse VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 899 8 concurrently concurrently RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 899 9 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 899 10 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 899 11 effects effect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 899 12 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 899 13 provision provision NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 899 14 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 899 15 roughage roughage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 899 16 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 899 17 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 899 18 behaviour behaviour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 899 19 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 899 20 abomasal abomasal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 899 21 lesions lesion NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 899 22 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 899 23 rumen rumen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 899 24 development development NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 899 25 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 899 26 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 899 27 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 899 28 attempt attempt NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 899 29 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 899 30 identify identify VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 899 31 feeds feed NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 899 32 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 899 33 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 899 34 benefit benefit VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 899 35 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 899 36 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 899 37 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 899 38 without without IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 899 39 compromising compromise VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 899 40 abomasal abomasal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 899 41 integrity integrity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 899 42 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 2 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 3 comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 4 EU EU NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 5 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 6 funded fund VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 7 project project NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 9 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 10 range range NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 12 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 13 types type NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 14 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 15 roughage roughage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 16 / / , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 17 solid solid JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 18 feeds feed NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 20 straw straw NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 21 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 22 maize maize NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 23 silage silage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 24 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 25 maize maize NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 26 cob cob NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 27 silage silage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 28 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 29 rolled roll VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 30 barley barley NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 31 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 32 beet beet NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 33 pulp pulp NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 35 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 36 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 37 amounts amount NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 39 250 250 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 40 versus versus IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 41 500 500 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 42 gr gr CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 43 dry dry JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 44 matter matter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 46 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 47 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 48 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 49 particle particle NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 50 sizes size NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 51 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 52 physical physical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 53 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 54 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 55 i.e. i.e. FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 56 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 57 chopped chop VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 58 versus versus IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 59 ground ground NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 60 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 61 dried dry VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 62 versus versus IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 63 fresh fresh JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 64 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 65 un un JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 66 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 67 pelleted pellete VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 68 versus versus IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 69 pelleted pellete VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 70 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 71 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 72 given give VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 73 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 74 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 75 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 76 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 77 addition addition NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 78 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 79 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 80 replacer replacer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 81 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 82 large large JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 83 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 84 scale scale NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 85 multifactorial multifactorial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 86 trials trial NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 87 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 88 Chain Chain NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 89 Management Management NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 90 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 91 Veal Veal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 92 Calf Calf NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 93 Welfare Welfare NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 94 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 95 2000 2000 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 96 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 97 Cozzi Cozzi NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 98 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 99 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 100 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 101 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 102 2002 2002 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 103 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 104 Mattiello Mattiello NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 105 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 106 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 107 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 108 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 109 2002 2002 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 110 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 900 111 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 901 1 Control control NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 901 2 treatments treatment NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 901 3 consisted consist VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 901 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 901 5 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 901 6 replacer replacer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 901 7 only only RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 901 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 901 9 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 901 10 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 901 11 replacer replacer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 901 12 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 901 13 ad ad NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 901 14 lib lib NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 901 15 access access NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 901 16 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 901 17 hay hay NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 901 18 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 902 1 Another another DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 902 2 control control NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 902 3 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 902 4 consisted consist VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 902 5 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 902 6 bull bull NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 902 7 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 902 8 reared rear VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 902 9 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 902 10 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 902 11 similar similar JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 902 12 way way NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 902 13 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 902 14 normal normal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 902 15 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 902 16 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 902 17 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 902 18 i.e. i.e. FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 902 19 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 902 20 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 902 21 received receive VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 902 22 ad ad NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 902 23 libitum libitum FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 902 24 hay hay NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 902 25 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 902 26 concentrates concentrate VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 902 27 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 902 28 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 902 29 weaned wean VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 902 30 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 902 31 7 7 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 902 32 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 902 33 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 902 34 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 902 35 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 2 comparison comparison NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 3 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 4 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 5 replacer replacer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 6 only only RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 7 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 8 those those DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 9 types type NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 10 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 11 roughage roughage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 12 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 13 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 14 richest rich JJS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 15 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 16 fibrous fibrous JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 17 material material NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 18 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 19 i.e. i.e. FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 20 straw straw NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 22 regardless regardless RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 23 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 24 amount amount NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 25 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 26 physical physical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 27 structure structure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 29 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 30 hay hay NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 31 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 32 significantly significantly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 33 reduced reduce VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 34 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 35 level level NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 36 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 37 abnormal abnormal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 38 oral oral JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 39 behaviours behaviour NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 41 composed compose VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 42 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 43 tongue tongue NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 44 rolling rolling NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 45 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 46 tongue tongue NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 47 playing playing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 48 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 49 compulsive compulsive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 50 biting bite VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 51 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 52 sucking sucking NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 53 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 54 substrates substrate NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 55 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 56 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 57 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 58 concomitantly concomitantly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 59 increased increase VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 60 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 61 level level NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 62 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 63 rumination rumination NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 903 64 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 904 1 Weaned wean VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 904 2 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 904 3 exhibited exhibit VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 904 4 no no DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 904 5 abnormal abnormal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 904 6 oral oral JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 904 7 behaviours behaviour NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 904 8 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 905 1 Higher high JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 905 2 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 905 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 905 4 rumination rumination NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 905 5 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 905 6 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 905 7 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 905 8 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 905 9 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 905 10 function function NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 905 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 905 12 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 905 13 fibre fibre NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 905 14 content content NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 905 15 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 905 16 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 905 17 solid solid JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 905 18 feed feed NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 905 19 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 905 20 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 905 21 reported report VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 905 22 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 905 23 Morrisse Morrisse NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 905 24 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 905 25 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 905 26 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 906 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 906 2 1999 1999 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 906 3 Morrisse Morrisse NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 906 4 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 906 5 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 906 6 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 907 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 907 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 907 3 2000 2000 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 907 4 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 908 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 908 2 line line NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 908 3 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 908 4 these these DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 908 5 findings finding NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 908 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 908 7 Veissier Veissier NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 908 8 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 908 9 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 908 10 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 909 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 909 2 1998 1998 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 909 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 909 4 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 909 5 observed observe VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 909 6 reduced reduced JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 909 7 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 909 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 909 9 biting bite VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 909 10 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 909 11 substrate substrate NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 909 12 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 909 13 more more JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 909 14 chewing chew VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 909 15 behaviour behaviour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 909 16 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 909 17 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 909 18 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 909 19 provided provide VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 909 20 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 909 21 straw straw NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 909 22 compared compare VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 909 23 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 909 24 un un NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 909 25 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 909 26 supplemented supplement VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 909 27 controls control NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 909 28 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 910 1 Previously previously RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 910 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 910 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 910 4 has have VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 910 5 been be VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 910 6 suggested suggest VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 910 7 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 910 8 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 910 9 sucking suck VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 910 10 deficit deficit NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 910 11 causes cause VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 910 12 abnormal abnormal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 910 13 oral oral JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 910 14 behaviours behaviour NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 910 15 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 910 16 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 910 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 910 18 Sambraus Sambraus NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 910 19 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 910 20 1985 1985 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 910 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 910 22 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 911 1 More More JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 911 2 recent recent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 911 3 data datum NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 911 4 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 911 5 however however RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 911 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 911 7 clearly clearly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 911 8 identify identify VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 911 9 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 911 10 lack lack NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 911 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 911 12 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 911 13 roughage roughage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 911 14 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 911 15 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 911 16 major major JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 911 17 determinant determinant NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 911 18 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 911 19 abnormal abnormal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 911 20 oral oral JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 911 21 behaviours behaviour NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 911 22 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 911 23 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 911 24 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 911 25 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 912 1 Correspondingly correspondingly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 912 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 912 3 Bokkers Bokkers NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 912 4 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 912 5 Koene Koene NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 912 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 912 7 2001 2001 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 912 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 912 9 found find VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 912 10 no no DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 912 11 differences difference NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 912 12 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 912 13 abnormal abnormal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 912 14 oral oral JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 912 15 behaviours behaviour NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 912 16 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 912 17 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 912 18 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 912 19 housed house VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 912 20 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 912 21 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 912 22 fed feed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 912 23 either either RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 912 24 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 912 25 bucket bucket NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 912 26 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 912 27 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 912 28 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 912 29 automatic automatic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 912 30 feeder feeder NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 912 31 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 913 1 Results result NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 913 2 obtained obtain VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 913 3 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 913 4 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 913 5 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 913 6 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 913 7 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 913 8 fully fully RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 913 9 consistent consistent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 913 10 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 913 11 data datum NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 913 12 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 913 13 cows cow NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 913 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 913 15 Redbo Redbo NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 913 16 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 913 17 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 913 18 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 914 1 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 914 2 1996 1996 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 914 3 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 914 4 Redbo Redbo NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 914 5 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 914 6 Nordblad Nordblad NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 914 7 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 914 8 1999 1999 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 914 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 914 10 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 914 11 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 914 12 ruminants ruminant NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 914 13 such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 914 14 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 914 15 giraffes giraffe NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 914 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 914 17 Baxter Baxter NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 914 18 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 914 19 Plowman Plowman NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 914 20 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 914 21 2001 2001 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 914 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 914 23 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 914 24 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 914 25 all all DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 914 26 link link NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 914 27 increased increase VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 914 28 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 914 29 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 914 30 abnormal abnormal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 914 31 oral oral JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 914 32 behaviours behaviour NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 914 33 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 914 34 feeds feed NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 914 35 poor poor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 914 36 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 914 37 fibre fibre NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 914 38 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 915 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 915 2 agreement agreement NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 915 3 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 915 4 previous previous JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 915 5 data datum NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 915 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 915 7 most most JJS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 915 8 roughages roughage NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 915 9 provided provide VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 915 10 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 915 11 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 915 12 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 915 13 fed feed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 915 14 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 915 15 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 915 16 significantly significantly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 915 17 increased increase VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 915 18 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 915 19 incidence incidence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 915 20 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 915 21 abomasal abomasal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 915 22 lesions lesion NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 915 23 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 915 24 particularly particularly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 915 25 ulcers ulcer NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 915 26 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 915 27 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 915 28 pyloric pyloric JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 915 29 region region NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 915 30 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 915 31 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 915 32 comparison comparison NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 915 33 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 915 34 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 915 35 feeding feeding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 915 36 condition condition NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 915 37 without without IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 915 38 additional additional JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 915 39 roughage roughage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 915 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 915 41 Chain Chain NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 915 42 Management Management NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 915 43 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 915 44 Veal Veal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 915 45 Calf Calf NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 915 46 Welfare Welfare NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 915 47 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 915 48 2000 2000 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 915 49 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 915 50 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 916 1 Incidences incidence NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 916 2 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 916 3 abomasal abomasal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 916 4 ulcers ulcer NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 916 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 916 6 expressed express VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 916 7 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 916 8 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 916 9 percentages percentage NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 916 10 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 916 11 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 916 12 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 916 13 one one CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 916 14 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 916 15 more more JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 916 16 lesions lesion NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 916 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 916 18 among among IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 916 19 weaned wean VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 916 20 bull bull NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 916 21 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 916 22 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 916 23 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 916 24 fed feed VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 916 25 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 916 26 only only RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 916 27 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 916 28 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 916 29 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 916 30 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 916 31 given given VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 916 32 supplemental supplemental JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 916 33 roughages roughage NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 916 34 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 916 35 0 0 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 916 36 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 916 37 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 916 38 20 20 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 916 39 - - SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 916 40 25 25 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 916 41 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 916 42 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 916 43 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 916 44 50 50 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 916 45 - - SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 916 46 80 80 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 916 47 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 916 48 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 916 49 respectively respectively RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 916 50 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 917 1 This this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 917 2 suggests suggest VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 917 3 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 917 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 917 5 interaction interaction NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 917 6 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 917 7 roughage roughage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 917 8 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 917 9 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 917 10 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 917 11 replacer replacer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 917 12 diet diet NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 917 13 rather rather RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 917 14 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 917 15 roughage roughage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 917 16 per per FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 917 17 se se FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 917 18 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 917 19 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 917 20 involved involve VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 917 21 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 917 22 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 917 23 etiology etiology NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 917 24 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 917 25 abomasal abomasal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 917 26 ulcers ulcer NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 917 27 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 917 28 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 917 29 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 917 30 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 918 1 These these DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 918 2 findings finding NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 918 3 support support VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 918 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 918 5 hypothesis hypothesis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 918 6 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 918 7 pyloric pyloric JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 918 8 ulcers ulcer NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 918 9 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 918 10 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 918 11 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 918 12 fed feed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 918 13 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 918 14 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 918 15 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 918 16 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 918 17 caused cause VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 918 18 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 918 19 local local JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 918 20 ischaemia ischaemia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 918 21 followed follow VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 918 22 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 918 23 focal focal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 918 24 necrosis necrosis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 918 25 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 918 26 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 918 27 consequence consequence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 918 28 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 918 29 strong strong JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 918 30 contractions contraction NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 918 31 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 918 32 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 918 33 pyloric pyloric JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 918 34 wall wall NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 918 35 when when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 918 36 large large JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 918 37 volumes volume NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 918 38 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 918 39 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 918 40 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 918 41 consumed consume VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 918 42 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 919 1 Provision provision NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 919 2 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 919 3 roughage roughage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 919 4 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 919 5 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 919 6 turn turn NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 919 7 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 919 8 would would MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 919 9 then then RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 919 10 exacerbate exacerbate VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 919 11 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 919 12 existing exist VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 919 13 problem problem NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 919 14 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 919 15 that that DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 919 16 roughage roughage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 919 17 particles particle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 919 18 exert exert VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 919 19 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 919 20 mechanically mechanically RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 919 21 abrasive abrasive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 919 22 effect effect NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 919 23 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 919 24 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 919 25 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 919 26 abomasal abomasal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 919 27 mucosa mucosa JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 919 28 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 919 29 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 919 30 delay delay VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 919 31 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 919 32 healing healing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 919 33 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 919 34 any any DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 919 35 lesions lesion NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 919 36 already already RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 919 37 present present JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 920 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 920 2 Unshelm Unshelm NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 920 3 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 920 4 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 920 5 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 920 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 920 7 1982 1982 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 920 8 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 920 9 Dämmrich Dämmrich NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 920 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 920 11 1983 1983 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 920 12 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 920 13 Krauser Krauser NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 920 14 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 920 15 1987 1987 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 920 16 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 920 17 Welchman Welchman NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 920 18 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 920 19 Baust Baust NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 920 20 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 920 21 1987 1987 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 920 22 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 921 1 Breukink Breukink NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 921 2 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 921 3 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 921 4 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 921 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 921 6 1991 1991 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 921 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 921 8 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 922 1 This this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 922 2 explanation explanation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 922 3 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 922 4 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 922 5 fit fit VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 922 6 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 922 7 observations observation NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 922 8 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 922 9 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 922 10 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 922 11 fed feed VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 922 12 either either CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 922 13 hay hay NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 922 14 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 922 15 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 922 16 combination combination NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 922 17 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 922 18 concentrates concentrate NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 922 19 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 922 20 straw straw NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 922 21 exhibited exhibit VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 922 22 similar similar JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 922 23 incidences incidence NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 922 24 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 922 25 abomasal abomasal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 922 26 ulcers ulcer NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 922 27 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 922 28 those those DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 922 29 fed feed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 922 30 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 922 31 replacer replacer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 922 32 only only RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 922 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 922 34 Chain Chain NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 922 35 Management Management NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 922 36 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 922 37 Veal Veal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 922 38 Calf Calf NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 922 39 Welfare Welfare NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 922 40 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 922 41 2000 2000 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 922 42 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 922 43 Veissier Veissier NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 922 44 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 922 45 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 922 46 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 922 47 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 922 48 1998 1998 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 922 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 922 50 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 923 1 These these DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 923 2 roughages roughage NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 923 3 represent represent VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 923 4 more more RBR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 923 5 balanced balanced JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 923 6 feeds feed NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 923 7 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 923 8 accompanied accompany VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 923 9 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 923 10 better well JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 923 11 rumen rumen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 923 12 fermentation fermentation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 923 13 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 924 1 This this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 924 2 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 924 3 have have VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 924 4 improved improve VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 924 5 ruminal ruminal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 924 6 digestion digestion NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 924 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 924 8 fibres fibre NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 924 9 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 924 10 thereby thereby RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 924 11 preventing prevent VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 924 12 sharp sharp JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 924 13 undigested undigested JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 924 14 particles particle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 924 15 entering enter VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 924 16 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 924 17 abomasum abomasum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 924 18 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 925 1 Other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 925 2 factors factor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 925 3 proposed propose VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 925 4 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 925 5 examined examine VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 925 6 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 925 7 relation relation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 925 8 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 925 9 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 925 10 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 925 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 925 12 abomasal abomasal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 925 13 ulcers ulcer NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 925 14 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 925 15 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 925 16 include include VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 925 17 stress stress NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 925 18 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 925 19 infection infection NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 925 20 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 925 21 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 925 22 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 925 23 trace trace NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 925 24 mineral mineral NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 925 25 deficiencies deficiency NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 925 26 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 925 27 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 925 28 prolonged prolong VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 925 29 periods period NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 925 30 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 925 31 severe severe JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 925 32 abomasal abomasal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 925 33 acidity acidity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 926 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 926 2 Lourens Lourens NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 926 3 et et FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 926 4 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 926 5 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 927 1 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 927 2 1985 1985 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 927 3 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 927 4 Mills Mills NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 927 5 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 927 6 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 927 7 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 927 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 927 9 1990 1990 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 927 10 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 927 11 Jelinski Jelinski NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 927 12 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 927 13 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 927 14 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 927 15 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 927 16 1995 1995 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 927 17 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 927 18 De De NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 927 19 Groote Groote NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 927 20 et et FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 927 21 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 927 22 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 928 1 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 928 2 1999 1999 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 928 3 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 928 4 Palmer Palmer NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 928 5 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 928 6 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 928 7 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 928 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 928 9 2001 2001 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 928 10 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 928 11 Ahmed Ahmed NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 928 12 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 928 13 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 928 14 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 928 15 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 928 16 2001 2001 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 929 1 Ahmed Ahmed NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 929 2 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 929 3 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 929 4 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 930 1 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 930 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 930 3 2002 2002 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 930 4 Ahmed Ahmed NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 930 5 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 930 6 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 930 7 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 930 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 930 9 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 930 10 2005 2005 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 930 11 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 931 1 However however RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 931 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 931 3 so so RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 931 4 far far RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 931 5 none none NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 931 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 931 7 these these DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 931 8 factors factor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 931 9 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 931 10 been be VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 931 11 convincingly convincingly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 931 12 related relate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 931 13 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 931 14 abomasal abomasal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 931 15 ulcers ulcer NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 931 16 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 931 17 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 931 18 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 931 19 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 932 1 Calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 932 2 fed feed VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 932 3 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 932 4 only only RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 932 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 932 6 showed show VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 932 7 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 932 8 high high JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 932 9 incidence incidence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 932 10 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 932 11 ruminal ruminal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 932 12 hairballs hairball NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 932 13 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 933 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 933 2 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 933 3 experiments experiment NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 933 4 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 933 5 70 70 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 933 6 - - SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 933 7 80 80 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 933 8 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 933 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 933 10 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 933 11 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 933 12 fed feed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 933 13 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 933 14 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 933 15 had have VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 933 16 hairballs hairball NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 933 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 933 18 Chain Chain NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 933 19 Management Management NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 933 20 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 933 21 Veal Veal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 933 22 Calf Calf NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 933 23 Welfare Welfare NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 933 24 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 933 25 2000 2000 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 933 26 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 934 1 Cozzi Cozzi NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 934 2 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 934 3 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 934 4 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 934 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 934 6 2002 2002 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 934 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 934 8 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 935 1 Feeding feed VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 935 2 roughage roughage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 935 3 gave give VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 935 4 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 935 5 profound profound JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 935 6 reduction reduction NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 935 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 935 8 hairballs hairball NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 935 9 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 935 10 depending depend VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 935 11 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 935 12 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 935 13 type type NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 935 14 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 935 15 roughage roughage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 935 16 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 935 17 incidence incidence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 935 18 varied vary VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 935 19 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 935 20 0 0 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 935 21 - - SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 935 22 30 30 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 935 23 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 935 24 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 936 1 Similarly similarly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 936 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 936 3 Morisse Morisse NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 936 4 et et FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 936 5 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 936 6 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 937 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 937 2 1999 1999 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 937 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 937 4 reported report VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 937 5 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 937 6 marked marked JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 937 7 reduction reduction NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 937 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 937 9 ruminal ruminal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 937 10 hairballs hairball NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 937 11 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 937 12 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 937 13 fed feed VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 937 14 pelleted pellete VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 937 15 straw straw NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 937 16 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 937 17 cereals cereal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 937 18 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 938 1 This this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 938 2 reduction reduction NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 938 3 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 938 4 thought think VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 938 5 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 938 6 result result VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 938 7 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 938 8 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 938 9 continuous continuous JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 938 10 elimination elimination NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 938 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 938 12 ingested ingest VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 938 13 hair hair NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 938 14 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 938 15 improved improve VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 938 16 ruminal ruminal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 938 17 motility motility NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 938 18 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 939 1 However however RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 939 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 939 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 939 4 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 939 5 well well RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 939 6 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 939 7 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 939 8 abnormally abnormally RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 939 9 high high JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 939 10 self self NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 939 11 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 939 12 licking lick VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 939 13 behaviour behaviour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 939 14 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 939 15 reduced reduce VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 939 16 when when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 939 17 roughage roughage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 939 18 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 939 19 provided provide VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 939 20 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 2 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 3 suggested suggest VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 4 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 5 further further RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 6 optimising optimise VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 8 composition composition NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 10 roughage roughage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 11 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 12 terms term NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 14 adequate adequate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 15 rumen rumen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 16 development development NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 17 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 18 rumen rumen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 19 function function NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 20 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 21 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 22 eventually eventually RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 23 result result VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 24 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 25 feeds feed NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 26 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 27 promote promote VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 28 rumination rumination NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 29 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 30 reduce reduce VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 31 abnormal abnormal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 32 oral oral JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 33 behaviours behaviour NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 34 without without IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 35 damaging damage VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 36 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 37 digestive digestive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 38 apparatus apparatus NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 40 Chain Chain NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 41 Management Management NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 42 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 43 Veal Veal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 44 Calf Calf NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 45 Welfare Welfare NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 46 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 47 2000 2000 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 48 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 49 Morisse Morisse NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 50 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 51 2000 2000 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 52 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 53 Mattiello Mattiello NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 54 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 55 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 56 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 57 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 58 2002 2002 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 59 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 60 _SP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 61 For for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 62 all all DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 63 newborn newborn JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 64 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 65 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 66 receiving receive VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 67 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 68 adequate adequate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 69 amount amount NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 70 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 71 high high JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 72 quality quality NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 73 colostrum colostrum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 74 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 75 essential essential JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 76 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 77 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 78 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 79 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 80 survival survival NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 940 81 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 941 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 941 2 comparison comparison NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 941 3 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 941 4 mature mature JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 941 5 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 941 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 941 7 colostrum colostrum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 941 8 contains contain VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 941 9 greater great JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 941 10 concentrations concentration NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 941 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 941 12 total total JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 941 13 solids solid NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 941 14 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 941 15 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 941 16 fat fat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 941 17 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 941 18 protein protein NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 941 19 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 941 20 vitamins vitamin NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 941 21 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 941 22 minerals mineral NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 941 23 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 942 1 Most most RBS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 942 2 importantly importantly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 942 3 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 942 4 colostrum colostrum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 942 5 provides provide VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 942 6 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 942 7 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 942 8 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 942 9 immunoglobulins immunoglobulin NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 942 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 942 11 IgG IgG NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 942 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 942 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 942 14 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 942 15 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 942 16 vital vital JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 942 17 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 942 18 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 942 19 early early JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 942 20 immune immune JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 942 21 protection protection NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 942 22 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 943 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 943 2 addition addition NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 943 3 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 943 4 colostrum colostrum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 943 5 contains contain VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 943 6 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 943 7 range range NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 943 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 943 9 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 943 10 non non JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 943 11 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 943 12 nutrient nutrient JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 943 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 943 14 bioactive bioactive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 943 15 components component NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 943 16 including include VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 943 17 various various JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 943 18 types type NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 943 19 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 943 20 cells cell NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 943 21 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 943 22 peptide peptide NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 943 23 hormones hormone NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 943 24 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 943 25 hormone hormone NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 943 26 releasing release VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 943 27 factors factor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 943 28 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 943 29 growth growth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 943 30 factors factor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 943 31 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 943 32 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 943 33 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 943 34 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 943 35 bioactive bioactive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 943 36 peptides peptide NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 943 37 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 943 38 oligosaccharides oligosaccharide NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 943 39 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 943 40 steroid steroid NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 943 41 hormones hormone NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 943 42 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 1 These these DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 2 factors factor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 3 modulate modulate VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 5 microbial microbial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 6 population population NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 7 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 8 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 9 gastrointestinal gastrointestinal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 10 tract tract NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 12 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 13 profound profound JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 14 effects effect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 15 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 16 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 17 gastrointestinal gastrointestinal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 18 tract tract NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 19 itself -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 21 e.g. e.g. JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 22 cell cell NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 23 proliferation proliferation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 24 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 25 migration migration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 26 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 27 differentiation differentiation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 28 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 29 protein protein NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 30 synthesis synthesis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 31 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 32 degredation degredation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 33 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 34 digestion digestion NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 35 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 36 absorption absorption NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 37 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 38 motility motility NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 39 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 40 immune immune JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 41 system system NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 42 development development NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 43 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 44 function function NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 46 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 47 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 48 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 49 part part NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 50 exert exert VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 51 systemic systemic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 52 effects effect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 53 outside outside IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 54 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 55 gastrointestinal gastrointestinal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 56 tract tract NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 57 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 58 metabolism metabolism NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 59 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 60 endocrine endocrine JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 61 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 62 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 63 vascular vascular JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 64 tone tone NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 65 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 66 hemostasis hemostasis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 67 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 68 activity activity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 69 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 70 behaviour behaviour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 71 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 72 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 73 systemic systemic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 74 growth growth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 75 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 76 Waterman Waterman NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 77 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 78 1998 1998 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 79 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 80 Blum Blum NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 81 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 82 2006 2006 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 83 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 944 84 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 945 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 945 2 highest high JJS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 945 3 quality quality NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 945 4 colostrum colostrum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 945 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 945 6 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 945 7 true true JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 945 8 colostrum colostrum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 945 9 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 945 10 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 945 11 obtained obtain VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 945 12 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 945 13 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 945 14 very very RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 945 15 first first JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 945 16 milking milking NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 945 17 after after IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 945 18 parturition parturition NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 945 19 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 946 1 Thus thus RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 946 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 946 3 provision provision NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 946 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 946 5 first first JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 946 6 colostrum colostrum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 946 7 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 946 8 newborn newborn JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 946 9 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 946 10 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 946 11 one one CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 946 12 critical critical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 946 13 factor factor NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 946 14 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 946 15 successful successful JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 946 16 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 946 17 rearing rearing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 946 18 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 947 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 947 2 timing timing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 947 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 947 4 provision provision NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 947 5 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 947 6 colostrum colostrum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 947 7 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 947 8 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 947 9 crucial crucial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 947 10 since since IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 947 11 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 947 12 ability ability NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 947 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 947 14 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 947 15 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 947 16 's 's POS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 947 17 small small JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 947 18 intestine intestine NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 947 19 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 947 20 absorb absorb VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 947 21 large large JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 947 22 proteins protein NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 947 23 such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 947 24 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 947 25 IgG igg NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 947 26 decreases decrease VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 947 27 rapidly rapidly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 947 28 following follow VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 947 29 birth birth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 947 30 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 948 1 Consumption consumption NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 948 2 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 948 3 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 948 4 colostrum colostrum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 948 5 within within IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 948 6 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 948 7 first first JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 948 8 24 24 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 948 9 h h NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 948 10 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 948 11 life life NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 948 12 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 948 13 needed need VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 948 14 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 948 15 only only RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 948 16 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 948 17 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 948 18 adequate adequate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 948 19 immune immune JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 948 20 status status NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 948 21 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 948 22 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 948 23 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 948 24 produce produce VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 948 25 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 948 26 additional additional JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 948 27 important important JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 948 28 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 948 29 favourable favourable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 948 30 effects effect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 948 31 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 948 32 metabolic metabolic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 948 33 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 948 34 endocrine endocrine JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 948 35 traits trait NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 948 36 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 948 37 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 948 38 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 948 39 vitality vitality NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 948 40 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 949 1 Finally finally RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 949 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 949 3 colostrum colostrum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 949 4 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 949 5 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 949 6 regularly regularly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 949 7 provided provide VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 949 8 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 949 9 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 949 10 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 949 11 length length NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 949 12 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 949 13 time time NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 949 14 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 949 15 preferably preferably RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 949 16 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 949 17 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 949 18 first first JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 949 19 three three CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 949 20 days day NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 949 21 after after IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 949 22 birth birth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 949 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 949 24 Hadorn Hadorn NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 949 25 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 949 26 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 949 27 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 949 28 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 949 29 1997 1997 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 949 30 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 949 31 Waterman Waterman NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 949 32 et et FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 949 33 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 949 34 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 950 1 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 950 2 1998 1998 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 950 3 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 950 4 Rauprich Rauprich NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 950 5 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 950 6 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 950 7 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 950 8 2000 2000 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 950 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 950 10 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 951 1 Although although IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 951 2 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 951 3 importance importance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 951 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 951 5 colostrum colostrum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 951 6 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 951 7 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 951 8 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 951 9 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 951 10 survival survival NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 951 11 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 951 12 generally generally RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 951 13 recognized recognize VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 951 14 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 951 15 actual actual JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 951 16 practices practice NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 951 17 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 951 18 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 951 19 rearing rearing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 951 20 do do VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 951 21 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 951 22 always always RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 951 23 favour favour VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 951 24 adequate adequate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 951 25 colostrum colostrum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 951 26 intake intake NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 951 27 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 951 28 newborn newborn JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 951 29 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 951 30 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 951 31 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 951 32 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 951 33 therefore therefore RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 951 34 pose pose VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 951 35 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 951 36 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 951 37 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 951 38 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 951 39 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 951 40 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 952 1 After after IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 952 2 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 952 3 period period NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 952 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 952 5 colostrum colostrum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 952 6 feeding feeding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 952 7 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 952 8 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 952 9 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 952 10 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 952 11 switched switch VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 952 12 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 952 13 whole whole JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 952 14 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 952 15 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 952 16 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 952 17 high high JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 952 18 quality quality NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 952 19 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 952 20 replacer replacer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 952 21 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 953 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 953 2 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 953 3 case case NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 953 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 953 5 rearing rear VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 953 6 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 953 7 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 953 8 both both DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 953 9 sources source NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 953 10 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 953 11 liquid liquid JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 953 12 feed feed NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 953 13 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 953 14 used use VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 953 15 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 953 16 although although IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 953 17 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 953 18 majority majority NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 953 19 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 953 20 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 953 21 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 953 22 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 953 23 currently currently RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 953 24 reared rear VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 953 25 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 953 26 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 953 27 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 953 28 replacer replacer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 953 29 diet diet NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 953 30 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 1 Milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 2 replacers replacer NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 3 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 4 usually usually RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 5 less less RBR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 6 costly costly JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 7 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 8 saleable saleable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 9 whole whole JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 10 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 12 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 13 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 14 feeding feeding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 15 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 16 raw raw JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 17 waste waste NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 18 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 19 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 20 pose pose VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 21 several several JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 22 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 23 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 24 contamination contamination NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 25 risks risk NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 26 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 27 including include VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 28 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 29 transfer transfer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 30 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 31 infectious infectious JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 32 diseases disease NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 33 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 34 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 35 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 36 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 37 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 38 problems problem NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 39 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 40 antibiotic antibiotic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 41 residues residue NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 42 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 43 overdoses overdose NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 44 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 45 Wray Wray NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 46 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 47 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 48 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 49 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 50 1990 1990 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 51 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 52 Selim Selim NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 53 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 54 Cullor Cullor NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 55 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 56 1997 1997 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 57 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 58 Waltz Waltz NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 59 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 60 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 61 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 62 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 63 1997 1997 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 64 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 954 65 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 955 1 At at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 955 2 present present JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 955 3 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 955 4 good good JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 955 5 quality quality NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 955 6 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 955 7 replacers replacer NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 955 8 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 955 9 provide provide VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 955 10 comparable comparable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 955 11 performance performance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 955 12 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 955 13 whole whole JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 955 14 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 955 15 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 956 1 However however RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 956 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 956 3 pasteurization pasteurization NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 956 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 956 5 waste waste NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 956 6 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 956 7 prior prior RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 956 8 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 956 9 feeding feed VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 956 10 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 956 11 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 956 12 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 956 13 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 956 14 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 956 15 represent represent VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 956 16 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 956 17 effective effective JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 956 18 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 956 19 viable viable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 956 20 alternative alternative NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 956 21 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 956 22 minimizing minimize VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 956 23 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 956 24 risks risk NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 956 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 956 26 Stabel Stabel NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 956 27 et et FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 956 28 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 956 29 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 956 30 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 956 31 2004 2004 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 956 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 956 33 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 957 1 Results result NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 957 2 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 957 3 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 957 4 recent recent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 957 5 clinical clinical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 957 6 survey survey NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 957 7 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 957 8 Godden Godden NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 957 9 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 957 10 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 957 11 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 958 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 958 2 2005 2005 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 958 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 958 4 even even RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 958 5 suggested suggest VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 958 6 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 958 7 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 958 8 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 958 9 fed feed VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 958 10 pasteurized pasteurize VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 958 11 waste waste NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 958 12 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 958 13 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 958 14 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 958 15 higher high JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 958 16 growth growth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 958 17 rate rate NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 958 18 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 958 19 lower low JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 958 20 morbidity morbidity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 958 21 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 958 22 mortality mortality NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 958 23 rates rate NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 958 24 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 958 25 do do VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 958 26 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 958 27 fed feed VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 958 28 conventional conventional JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 958 29 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 958 30 replacer replacer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 958 31 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 959 1 With with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 959 2 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 959 3 exception exception NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 959 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 959 5 production production NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 959 6 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 959 7 involving involve VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 959 8 suckler suckler NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 959 9 cows cow NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 959 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 959 11 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 959 12 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 959 13 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 959 14 generally generally RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 959 15 fattened fatten VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 959 16 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 959 17 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 959 18 replacer replacer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 959 19 diets diet NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 959 20 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 960 1 Over over IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 960 2 time time NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 960 3 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 960 4 formulations formulation NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 960 5 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 960 6 commercially commercially RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 960 7 available available JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 960 8 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 960 9 replacers replacer NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 960 10 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 960 11 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 960 12 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 960 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 960 14 as as RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 960 15 well well RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 960 16 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 960 17 those those DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 960 18 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 960 19 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 960 20 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 960 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 960 22 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 960 23 become become VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 960 24 more more RBR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 960 25 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 960 26 more more RBR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 960 27 sophisticated sophisticated JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 960 28 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 961 1 At at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 961 2 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 961 3 same same JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 961 4 time time NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 961 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 961 6 economic economic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 961 7 pressures pressure NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 961 8 continuously continuously RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 961 9 prompt prompt VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 961 10 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 961 11 industry industry NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 961 12 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 961 13 reduce reduce VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 961 14 feeding feeding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 961 15 costs cost NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 961 16 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 961 17 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 961 18 consider consider VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 961 19 alternative alternative JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 961 20 components component NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 961 21 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 961 22 raw raw JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 961 23 materials material NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 961 24 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 962 1 Originally originally RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 962 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 962 3 proteins protein NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 962 4 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 962 5 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 962 6 replacers replacer NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 962 7 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 962 8 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 962 9 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 962 10 based base VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 962 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 962 12 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 962 13 skim skim VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 962 14 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 962 15 powder powder NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 962 16 constituted constitute VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 962 17 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 962 18 major major JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 962 19 protein protein NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 962 20 source source NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 962 21 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 963 1 Subsequently subsequently RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 963 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 963 3 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 963 4 replacers replacer NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 963 5 based base VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 963 6 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 963 7 whey whey NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 963 8 powder powder NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 963 9 became become VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 963 10 available available JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 963 11 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 964 1 Approximately approximately RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 964 2 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 964 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 964 4 last last JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 964 5 two two CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 964 6 decades decade NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 964 7 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 964 8 attempts attempt NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 964 9 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 964 10 been be VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 964 11 made make VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 964 12 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 964 13 replace replace VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 964 14 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 964 15 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 964 16 based base VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 964 17 proteins protein NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 964 18 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 964 19 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 964 20 replacers replacer NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 964 21 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 964 22 vegetable vegetable NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 964 23 proteins protein NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 964 24 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 964 25 mainly mainly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 964 26 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 964 27 soybean soybean NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 964 28 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 964 29 wheat wheat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 964 30 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 964 31 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 964 32 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 964 33 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 964 34 lesser less JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 964 35 extent extent NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 964 36 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 964 37 pea pea NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 964 38 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 964 39 potato potato NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 964 40 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 965 1 Initially initially RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 965 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 965 3 some some DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 965 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 965 5 these these DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 965 6 attempts attempt NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 965 7 met meet VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 965 8 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 965 9 little little JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 965 10 success success NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 965 11 because because IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 965 12 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 965 13 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 965 14 problems problem NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 965 15 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 965 16 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 965 17 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 965 18 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 1 For for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 2 example example NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 3 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 4 compared compare VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 5 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 6 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 7 fed feed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 8 diets diet NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 9 based base VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 10 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 11 skim skim NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 12 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 13 powder powder NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 14 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 15 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 16 fed feed VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 17 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 18 replacers replacer NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 19 containing contain VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 20 heated heated JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 21 soybean soybean NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 22 flour flour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 23 developed develop VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 24 severe severe JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 25 immunemediated immunemediated JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 26 gut gut NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 27 hypersensitivity hypersensitivity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 28 reactions reaction NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 29 characterized characterize VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 30 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 31 partial partial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 32 atrophy atrophy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 33 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 34 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 35 small small JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 36 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 37 villi villi NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 38 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 39 malabsorption malabsorption NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 40 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 41 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 42 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 43 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 44 large large JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 45 infiltrations infiltration NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 46 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 47 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 48 small small JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 49 intestine intestine NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 50 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 51 immune immune JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 52 cells cell NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 53 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 54 accompanied accompany VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 55 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 56 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 57 presence presence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 58 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 59 high high JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 60 antibody antibody NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 61 titres titre NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 62 against against IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 63 soy soy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 64 antigens antigen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 65 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 66 plasma plasma NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 67 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 68 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 69 mucous mucous JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 70 secretions secretion NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 71 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 72 Lalles Lalles NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 73 et et FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 74 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 75 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 966 76 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 967 1 1995a 1995a CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 967 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 967 3 Lalles Lalles NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 967 4 et et FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 967 5 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 967 6 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 967 7 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 967 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 967 9 1995b 1995b CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 967 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 967 11 Lalles Lalles NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 967 12 et et FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 967 13 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 967 14 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 967 15 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 967 16 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 967 17 1996 1996 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 968 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 968 2 Lalles Lalles NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 968 3 et et FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 968 4 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 968 5 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 969 1 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 969 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 969 3 1998 1998 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 969 4 Dreau Dreau NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 969 5 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 969 6 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 969 7 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 970 1 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 970 2 1995 1995 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 970 3 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 970 4 Dreau Dreau NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 970 5 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 970 6 Lalles Lalles NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 970 7 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 970 8 1999 1999 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 970 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 970 10 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 971 1 However however RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 971 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 971 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 971 4 nutritional nutritional JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 971 5 utilization utilization NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 971 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 971 7 vegetable vegetable NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 971 8 proteins protein NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 971 9 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 971 10 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 971 11 improved improve VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 971 12 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 971 13 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 971 14 variety variety NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 971 15 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 971 16 technological technological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 971 17 treatments treatment NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 971 18 including include VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 971 19 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 971 20 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 971 21 example example NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 971 22 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 971 23 heating heating NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 971 24 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 971 25 protein protein NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 971 26 hydrolysis hydrolysis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 971 27 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 971 28 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 971 29 ethanol ethanol NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 971 30 extraction extraction NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 971 31 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 972 1 Such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 972 2 treatments treatment NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 972 3 reduce reduce VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 972 4 anti anti JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 972 5 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 972 6 nutritional nutritional JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 972 7 factors factor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 972 8 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 972 9 antigenic antigenic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 972 10 activity activity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 972 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 972 12 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 972 13 increase increase VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 972 14 protein protein NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 972 15 digestibility digestibility NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 972 16 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 972 17 denaturing denature VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 972 18 three three CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 972 19 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 972 20 dimensional dimensional JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 972 21 structures structure NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 973 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 973 2 Lalles Lalles NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 973 3 et et FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 973 4 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 973 5 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 974 1 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 974 2 1995c 1995c CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 975 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 975 2 Lalles Lalles NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 975 3 et et FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 975 4 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 975 5 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 976 1 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 976 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 976 3 1995d 1995d CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 976 4 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 977 1 At at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 977 2 present present JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 977 3 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 977 4 number number NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 977 5 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 977 6 processed process VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 977 7 plant plant NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 977 8 proteins protein NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 977 9 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 977 10 successfully successfully RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 977 11 applied apply VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 977 12 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 977 13 combination combination NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 977 14 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 977 15 milkbased milkbased JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 977 16 protein protein NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 977 17 sources source NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 977 18 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 977 19 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 977 20 replacers replacer NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 977 21 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 977 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 977 23 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 977 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 977 25 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 977 26 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 977 27 including include VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 977 28 hydrolysed hydrolysed JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 977 29 soy soy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 977 30 protein protein NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 977 31 isolate isolate VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 977 32 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 977 33 hydrolysed hydrolysed JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 977 34 wheat wheat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 977 35 gluten gluten NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 977 36 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 1 Recent recent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 2 research research NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 3 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 5 area area NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 7 plant plant NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 8 proteins protein NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 9 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 10 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 11 replacer replacer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 12 formulas formula NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 13 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 14 focussed focusse VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 15 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 16 understanding understanding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 17 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 18 underlying underlie VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 19 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 20 flow flow NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 21 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 22 proteins protein NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 23 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 24 duodenal duodenal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 25 digesta digesta NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 26 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 27 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 28 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 29 interaction interaction NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 30 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 31 dietary dietary JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 32 peptides peptide NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 33 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 34 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 35 gut gut NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 36 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 37 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 38 particular particular JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 39 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 40 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 41 level level NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 42 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 43 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 44 mucus mucus NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 45 layer layer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 46 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 47 Montagne Montagne NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 48 et et FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 49 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 50 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 51 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 52 2001 2001 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 53 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 54 Montagne Montagne NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 55 et et FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 56 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 57 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 58 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 59 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 60 2003 2003 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 61 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 62 Montagne Montagne NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 63 et et FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 64 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 65 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 66 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 67 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 68 2004 2004 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 978 69 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 979 1 Results result NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 979 2 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 979 3 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 979 4 type type NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 979 5 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 979 6 work work NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 979 7 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 979 8 further further RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 979 9 enhance enhance VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 979 10 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 979 11 use use NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 979 12 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 979 13 plant plant NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 979 14 proteins protein NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 979 15 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 979 16 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 979 17 replacers replacer NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 979 18 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 979 19 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 979 20 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 980 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 980 2 addition addition NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 980 3 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 980 4 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 980 5 enhanced enhanced JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 980 6 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 980 7 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 980 8 gut gut NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 980 9 problems problem NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 980 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 980 11 low low JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 980 12 quality quality NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 980 13 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 980 14 replacers replacer NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 980 15 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 980 16 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 980 17 cause cause VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 980 18 dysfunction dysfunction NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 980 19 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 980 20 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 980 21 oesophageal oesophageal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 980 22 groove groove NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 980 23 reflex reflex NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 980 24 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 980 25 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 980 26 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 980 27 result result VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 980 28 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 980 29 ruminal ruminal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 980 30 acidosis acidosis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 980 31 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 981 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 981 2 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 981 3 respect respect NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 981 4 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 981 5 temperature temperature NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 981 6 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 981 7 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 981 8 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 981 9 important important JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 981 10 quality quality NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 981 11 feature feature NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 981 12 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 981 13 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 981 14 too too RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 981 15 cold cold JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 981 16 drinking drinking NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 981 17 temperature temperature NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 981 18 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 981 19 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 981 20 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 981 21 replacer replacer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 981 22 attenuates attenuate VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 981 23 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 981 24 oesophageal oesophageal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 981 25 groove groove NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 981 26 reflex reflex NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 981 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 981 28 Gentile Gentile NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 981 29 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 981 30 2004 2004 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 981 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 981 32 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 982 1 If if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 982 2 vegetable vegetable NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 982 3 proteins protein NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 982 4 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 982 5 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 982 6 properly properly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 982 7 treated treat VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 982 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 982 9 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 982 10 replacers replacer NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 982 11 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 982 12 cause cause VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 982 13 hypersensitivity hypersensitivity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 982 14 reactions reaction NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 982 15 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 982 16 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 982 17 gut gut NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 982 18 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 982 19 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 982 20 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 982 21 compromise compromise VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 982 22 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 982 23 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 982 24 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 983 1 Low low JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 983 2 iron iron NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 983 3 dietary dietary JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 983 4 supply supply NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 983 5 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 983 6 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 983 7 prerequisite prerequisite NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 983 8 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 983 9 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 983 10 production production NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 983 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 983 12 white white JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 983 13 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 983 14 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 2 blood blood NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 3 haemoglobin haemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 4 level level NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 5 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 6 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 7 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 8 towards towards IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 9 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 10 end end NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 12 fattening fatten VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 14 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 15 4.5 4.5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 16 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 17 5.0 5.0 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 18 mmol mmol JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 19 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 20 l l NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 22 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 23 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 24 generally generally RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 25 considered consider VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 26 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 27 threshold threshold NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 28 below below IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 29 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 30 iron iron NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 31 deficiency deficiency NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 32 anaemia anaemia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 33 occurs occur VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 35 Bremner Bremner NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 36 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 37 1976 1976 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 38 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 39 Sprietsma Sprietsma NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 40 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 41 1979a 1979a CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 42 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 43 1979b 1979b CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 44 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 45 Postema Postema NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 46 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 47 1985 1985 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 48 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 49 Lindt Lindt NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 50 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 51 Blum Blum NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 52 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 53 1994a 1994a CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 54 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 55 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 56 although although IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 57 some some DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 58 authors author NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 59 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 60 argued argue VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 61 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 62 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 63 level level NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 64 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 65 already already RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 66 below below IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 67 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 68 critical critical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 69 value value NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 70 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 71 Welchman Welchman NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 72 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 73 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 74 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 75 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 76 1988 1988 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 77 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 984 78 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 985 1 When when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 985 2 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 985 3 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 985 4 forced force VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 985 5 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 985 6 walk walk VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 985 7 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 985 8 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 985 9 treadmill treadmill NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 985 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 985 11 those those DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 985 12 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 985 13 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 985 14 mean mean JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 985 15 haemoglobin haemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 985 16 level level NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 985 17 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 985 18 5.5 5.5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 985 19 mmol mmol JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 985 20 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 985 21 l l NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 985 22 consumed consume VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 985 23 more more JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 985 24 oxygen oxygen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 985 25 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 985 26 exhibited exhibit VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 985 27 higher high JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 985 28 cortisol cortisol NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 985 29 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 985 30 after after IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 985 31 walking walk VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 985 32 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 985 33 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 985 34 whose whose WP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 985 35 haemoglobin haemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 985 36 level level NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 985 37 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 985 38 6.6 6.6 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 985 39 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 986 1 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 986 2 6.9 6.9 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 986 3 mmol mmol JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 986 4 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 986 5 l l NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 986 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 986 7 Piguet Piguet NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 986 8 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 986 9 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 986 10 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 986 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 986 12 1993 1993 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 986 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 986 14 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 987 1 On on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 987 2 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 987 3 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 987 4 hand hand NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 987 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 987 6 blood blood NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 987 7 lactate lactate NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 987 8 after after IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 987 9 transport transport NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 987 10 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 987 11 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 987 12 significantly significantly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 987 13 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 987 14 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 987 15 groups group NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 987 16 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 987 17 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 987 18 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 987 19 average average JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 987 20 haemoglobin haemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 987 21 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 987 22 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 987 23 4.6 4.6 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 987 24 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 987 25 6.6 6.6 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 987 26 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 988 1 mmol mmol NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 988 2 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 988 3 l l NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 988 4 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 988 5 respectively respectively RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 988 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 988 7 Lindt Lindt NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 988 8 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 988 9 Blum Blum NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 988 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 988 11 1994b 1994b CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 988 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 988 13 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 1 There there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 2 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 3 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 4 large large JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 5 body body NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 7 evidence evidence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 8 showing show VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 9 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 10 iron iron NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 11 deficiency deficiency NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 12 anaemia anaemia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 13 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 14 compromise compromise VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 15 immunocompetence immunocompetence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 16 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 17 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 18 particular particular JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 19 cellular cellular JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 20 immune immune JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 21 function function NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 22 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 23 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 24 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 25 range range NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 26 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 27 species specie NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 28 including include VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 29 laboratory laboratory NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 30 rodents rodent NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 31 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 32 humans human NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 34 Dallman Dallman NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 35 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 36 1987 1987 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 37 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 38 Dhur Dhur NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 39 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 40 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 41 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 42 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 43 1989 1989 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 44 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 45 Galan Galan NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 46 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 47 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 48 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 49 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 50 1992 1992 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 51 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 52 Latunde Latunde NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 53 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 54 Dada Dada NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 55 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 56 Young Young NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 57 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 58 1992 1992 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 59 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 60 Ahluwalia Ahluwalia NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 61 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 62 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 63 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 64 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 65 2004 2004 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 66 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 989 67 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 990 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 990 2 human human JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 990 3 children child NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 990 4 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 990 5 iron iron NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 990 6 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 990 7 deficiency deficiency NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 990 8 states state NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 990 9 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 990 10 been be VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 990 11 epidemiologically epidemiologically RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 990 12 associated associate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 990 13 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 990 14 increased increase VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 990 15 morbidity morbidity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 990 16 due due IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 990 17 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 990 18 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 990 19 infection infection NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 990 20 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 990 21 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 990 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 990 23 Keusch Keusch NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 990 24 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 990 25 1991 1991 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 990 26 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 990 27 De De NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 990 28 Silva Silva NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 990 29 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 990 30 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 990 31 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 990 32 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 990 33 2003 2003 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 990 34 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 991 1 Levy Levy NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 991 2 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 991 3 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 991 4 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 991 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 991 6 2005 2005 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 991 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 991 8 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 992 1 This this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 992 2 justifies justify VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 992 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 992 4 question question NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 992 5 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 992 6 whether whether IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 992 7 dietary dietary JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 992 8 iron iron NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 992 9 supply supply NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 992 10 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 992 11 associated associated JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 992 12 haemoglobin haemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 992 13 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 992 14 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 992 15 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 992 16 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 992 17 guarantee guarantee VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 992 18 adequate adequate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 992 19 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 992 20 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 992 21 white white JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 992 22 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 992 23 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 992 24 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 993 1 Previous previous JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 993 2 results result NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 993 3 concerning concern VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 993 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 993 5 relationship relationship NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 993 6 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 993 7 clinical clinical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 993 8 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 993 9 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 993 10 anaemia anaemia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 993 11 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 993 12 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 993 13 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 993 14 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 993 15 scarce scarce JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 993 16 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 993 17 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 993 18 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 993 19 inconclusive inconclusive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 993 20 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 994 1 Using use VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 994 2 very very RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 994 3 small small JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 994 4 numbers number NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 994 5 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 994 6 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 994 7 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 994 8 Möllerberg Möllerberg NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 994 9 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 994 10 Moreno Moreno NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 994 11 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 994 12 Lopez Lopez NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 994 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 994 14 1975 1975 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 994 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 994 16 found find VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 994 17 no no DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 994 18 difference difference NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 994 19 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 994 20 iron iron NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 994 21 anaemic anaemic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 994 22 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 994 23 normal normal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 994 24 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 994 25 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 994 26 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 994 27 clinical clinical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 994 28 response response NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 994 29 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 994 30 infection infection NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 994 31 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 994 32 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 994 33 attenuated attenuated JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 994 34 parainfluenza-3 parainfluenza-3 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 994 35 virus virus NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 994 36 strain strain NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 994 37 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 994 38 whereas whereas IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 994 39 Sárközy Sárközy NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 994 40 et et FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 994 41 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 994 42 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 995 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 995 2 1985 1985 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 995 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 995 4 reported report VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 995 5 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 995 6 depressed depressed JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 995 7 immune immune JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 995 8 response response NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 995 9 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 995 10 reflected reflect VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 995 11 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 995 12 significantly significantly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 995 13 lower low JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 995 14 antibody antibody NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 995 15 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 995 16 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 995 17 anaemic anaemic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 995 18 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 995 19 compared compare VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 995 20 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 995 21 controls control NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 995 22 following follow VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 995 23 inoculation inoculation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 995 24 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 995 25 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 995 26 live live JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 995 27 adenovirus adenovirus NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 995 28 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 996 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 996 2 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 996 3 study study NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 996 4 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 996 5 Gygax Gygax NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 996 6 et et FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 996 7 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 996 8 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 997 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 997 2 1993 1993 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 997 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 997 4 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 997 5 cellular cellular JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 997 6 immune immune JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 997 7 function function NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 997 8 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 997 9 depressed depressed JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 997 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 997 11 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 997 12 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 997 13 incidence incidence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 997 14 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 997 15 especially especially RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 997 16 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 997 17 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 997 18 infections infection NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 997 19 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 997 20 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 997 21 increased increase VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 997 22 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 997 23 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 997 24 fed feed VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 997 25 low low JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 997 26 amounts amount NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 997 27 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 997 28 iron iron NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 997 29 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 998 1 However however RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 998 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 998 3 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 998 4 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 998 5 particular particular JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 998 6 study study NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 998 7 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 998 8 haemoglobin haemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 998 9 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 998 10 dropped drop VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 998 11 considerably considerably RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 998 12 below below IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 998 13 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 998 14 value value NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 998 15 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 998 16 4.5 4.5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 998 17 mmol mmol JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 998 18 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 998 19 l l NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 998 20 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 999 1 A a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 999 2 more more RBR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 999 3 recent recent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 999 4 study study NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 999 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 999 6 Van Van NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 999 7 Reenen Reenen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 999 8 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 999 9 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 999 10 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 999 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 999 12 1999 1999 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 999 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 999 14 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 999 15 therefore therefore RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 999 16 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 999 17 aimed aim VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 999 18 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 999 19 examine examine VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 999 20 immunocompetence immunocompetence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 999 21 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 999 22 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 999 23 bovine bovine JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 999 24 herpes herpes NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 999 25 viral viral JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 999 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 999 27 BHV1 BHV1 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 999 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 999 29 infection infection NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 999 30 model model NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 999 31 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 999 32 white white JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 999 33 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 999 34 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 999 35 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 999 36 blood blood NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 999 37 haemoglobin haemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 999 38 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 999 39 maintained maintain VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 999 40 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 999 41 all all DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 999 42 times time NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 999 43 above above RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 999 44 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 999 45 just just RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 999 46 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 999 47 4.5 4.5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 999 48 mmol mmol JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 999 49 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 999 50 l l NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 999 51 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1000 1 Calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1000 2 daily daily RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1000 3 supplemented supplement VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1000 4 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1000 5 extra extra JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1000 6 iron iron NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1000 7 exhibited exhibit VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1000 8 normal normal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1000 9 haemoglobin haemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1000 10 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1000 11 across across IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1000 12 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1000 13 entire entire JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1000 14 experiment experiment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1000 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1000 16 average average VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1000 17 approximately approximately RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1000 18 7.5 7.5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1000 19 mmol mmol JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1000 20 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1000 21 l l NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1000 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1000 23 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1000 24 whereas whereas IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1000 25 white white JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1000 26 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1000 27 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1000 28 had have VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1000 29 average average JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1000 30 haemoglobin haemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1000 31 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1000 32 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1000 33 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1000 34 time time NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1000 35 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1000 36 BHV1 BHV1 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1000 37 infection infection NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1000 38 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1000 39 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1000 40 slaughter slaughter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1000 41 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1000 42 approximately approximately RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1000 43 5.3 5.3 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1000 44 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1000 45 4.9 4.9 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1000 46 mmol mmol JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1000 47 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1000 48 l l NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1000 49 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1000 50 respectively respectively RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1000 51 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1001 1 Dietary dietary JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1001 2 iron iron NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1001 3 supply supply NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1001 4 did do VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1001 5 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1001 6 affect affect VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1001 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1001 8 reactions reaction NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1001 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1001 10 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1001 11 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1001 12 BHV1 BHV1 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1001 13 infection infection NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1001 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1001 15 clinical clinical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1001 16 signs sign NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1001 17 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1001 18 viral viral JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1001 19 excretion excretion NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1001 20 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1001 21 nasal nasal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1001 22 fluid fluid NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1001 23 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1001 24 antibody antibody NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1001 25 reponse reponse NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1001 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1001 27 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1001 28 white white JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1001 29 blood blood NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1001 30 cell cell NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1001 31 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1001 32 lymphocyte lymphocyte NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1001 33 counts count NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1001 34 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1001 35 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1001 36 growth growth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1001 37 rate rate NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1001 38 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1002 1 By by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1002 2 contrast contrast NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1002 3 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1002 4 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1002 5 comparison comparison NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1002 6 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1002 7 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1002 8 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1002 9 high high JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1002 10 haemoglobin haemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1002 11 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1002 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1002 13 white white JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1002 14 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1002 15 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1002 16 exhibited exhibit VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1002 17 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1002 18 higher high JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1002 19 heart heart NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1002 20 rate rate NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1002 21 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1002 22 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1002 23 intake intake NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1002 24 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1002 25 had have VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1002 26 consistently consistently RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1002 27 elevated elevate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1002 28 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1002 29 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1002 30 urinary urinary JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1002 31 noradrenaline noradrenaline NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1002 32 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1002 33 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1002 34 showed show VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1002 35 enhanced enhanced JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1002 36 plasma plasma NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1002 37 ACTH ACTH NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1002 38 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1002 39 reduced reduce VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1002 40 plasma plasma NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1002 41 cortisol cortisol NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1002 42 responses response NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1002 43 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1002 44 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1002 45 number number NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1002 46 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1002 47 HPA HPA NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1002 48 axis axis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1002 49 reactivity reactivity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1002 50 tests test NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1002 51 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1003 1 These these DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1003 2 latter latter JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1003 3 findings finding NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1003 4 concur concur VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1003 5 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1003 6 increased increase VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1003 7 heart heart NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1003 8 rate rate NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1003 9 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1003 10 catecholamines catecholamine NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1003 11 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1003 12 urine urine NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1003 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1003 14 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1003 15 altered altered JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1003 16 responsiveness responsiveness NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1003 17 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1003 18 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1003 19 HPA HPA NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1003 20 axis axis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1003 21 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1003 22 iron iron NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1003 23 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1003 24 deficient deficient JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1003 25 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1003 26 anaemic anaemic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1003 27 humans human NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1003 28 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1003 29 laboratory laboratory NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1003 30 rodents rodent NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1003 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1003 32 Voorhess Voorhess NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1003 33 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1003 34 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1003 35 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1003 36 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1003 37 1975 1975 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1003 38 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1003 39 Dillman Dillman NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1003 40 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1003 41 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1003 42 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1003 43 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1003 44 1979 1979 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1003 45 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1003 46 Dallman Dallman NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1003 47 et et FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1003 48 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1003 49 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1003 50 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1003 51 1984 1984 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1003 52 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1003 53 Groeneveld Groeneveld NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1003 54 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1003 55 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1003 56 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1004 1 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1004 2 1985 1985 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1004 3 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1004 4 Saad Saad NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1004 5 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1004 6 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1004 7 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1004 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1004 9 1991 1991 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1004 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1004 11 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1005 1 These these DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1005 2 physiological physiological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1005 3 changes change NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1005 4 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1005 5 part part NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1005 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1005 7 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1005 8 elaborate elaborate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1005 9 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1005 10 response response NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1005 11 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1005 12 iron iron NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1005 13 deficiency deficiency NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1005 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1005 15 Beard Beard NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1005 16 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1005 17 1990 1990 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1005 18 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1006 1 Rosenzweig Rosenzweig NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1006 2 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1006 3 Volpe Volpe NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1006 4 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1006 5 1999 1999 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1006 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1006 7 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1006 8 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1006 9 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1006 10 involves involve VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1006 11 alterations alteration NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1006 12 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1006 13 glucose glucose NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1006 14 metabolism metabolism NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1006 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1006 16 Blum Blum NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1006 17 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1006 18 Hammon Hammon NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1006 19 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1006 20 1999 1999 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1006 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1006 22 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1007 1 Veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1007 2 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1007 3 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1007 4 blood blood NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1007 5 haemoglobin haemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1007 6 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1007 7 clearly clearly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1007 8 below below IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1007 9 4.5 4.5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1007 10 mmol mmol JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1007 11 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1007 12 l l NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1007 13 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1007 14 reduced reduced JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1007 15 growth growth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1007 16 rates rate NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1007 17 as as RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1007 18 well well RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1007 19 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1007 20 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1007 21 large large JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1007 22 depression depression NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1007 23 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1007 24 white white JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1007 25 blood blood NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1007 26 cell cell NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1007 27 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1007 28 lymphocyte lymphocyte NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1007 29 counts count NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1007 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1007 31 Reece Reece NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1007 32 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1007 33 Hotchkiss Hotchkiss NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1007 34 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1007 35 1987 1987 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1007 36 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1007 37 Gygax Gygax NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1007 38 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1007 39 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1007 40 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1007 41 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1007 42 1993 1993 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1007 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1007 44 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1008 1 Thus thus RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1008 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1008 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1008 4 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1008 5 suggested suggest VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1008 6 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1008 7 maintaining maintain VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1008 8 blood blood NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1008 9 haemoglobin haemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1008 10 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1008 11 individual individual JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1008 12 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1008 13 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1008 14 over over IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1008 15 4.5 4.5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1008 16 mmol mmol JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1008 17 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1008 18 l l NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1008 19 induces induce VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1008 20 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1008 21 number number NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1008 22 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1008 23 physiological physiological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1008 24 adaptations adaptation NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1008 25 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1008 26 seem seem VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1008 27 universal universal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1008 28 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1008 29 iron iron NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1008 30 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1008 31 deficient deficient JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1008 32 mammals mammal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1008 33 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1008 34 general general JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1008 35 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1008 36 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1008 37 do do VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1008 38 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1008 39 harmfully harmfully RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1008 40 compromise compromise VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1008 41 biological biological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1008 42 capacities capacity NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1008 43 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1008 44 terms term NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1008 45 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1008 46 growth growth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1008 47 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1008 48 immunocompetence immunocompetence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1008 49 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1009 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1009 2 actual actual JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1009 3 practice practice NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1009 4 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1009 5 however however RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1009 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1009 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1009 8 haemoglobin haemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1009 9 threshold threshold NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1009 10 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1009 11 4.5 4.5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1009 12 mmol mmol JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1009 13 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1009 14 l l NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1009 15 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1009 16 currently currently RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1009 17 considered consider VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1009 18 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1009 19 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1009 20 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1009 21 rather rather RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1009 22 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1009 23 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1009 24 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1009 25 individual individual JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1009 26 level level NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1009 27 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1010 1 For for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1010 2 example example NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1010 3 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1010 4 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1010 5 average average JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1010 6 haemoglobin haemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1010 7 level level NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1010 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1010 9 4.5 4.5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1010 10 mmol mmol NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1010 11 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1010 12 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1010 13 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1010 14 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1010 15 finished finish VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1010 16 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1010 17 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1010 18 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1010 19 assumed assume VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1010 20 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1010 21 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1010 22 exactly exactly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1010 23 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1010 24 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1010 25 lower low JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1010 26 threshold threshold NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1010 27 value value NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1010 28 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1011 1 However however RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1011 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1011 3 depending depend VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1011 4 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1011 5 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1011 6 variation variation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1011 7 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1011 8 individuals individual NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1011 9 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1011 10 if if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1011 11 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1011 12 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1011 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1011 14 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1011 15 has have VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1011 16 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1011 17 average average JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1011 18 haemoglobin haemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1011 19 level level NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1011 20 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1011 21 4.5 4.5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1011 22 mmol mmol JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1011 23 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1011 24 l l NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1011 25 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1011 26 then then RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1011 27 some some DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1011 28 individuals individual NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1011 29 within within IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1011 30 that that DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1011 31 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1011 32 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1011 33 have have VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1011 34 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1011 35 well well RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1011 36 below below IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1011 37 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1011 38 lower low JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1011 39 threshold threshold NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1011 40 value value NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1011 41 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 2 fact fact NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 3 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 4 based base VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 5 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 6 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 7 analysis analysis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 9 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 10 variation variation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 11 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 12 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 13 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 14 blood blood NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 15 haemoglobin haemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 16 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 17 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 18 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 19 has have VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 20 been be VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 21 argued argue VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 22 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 23 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 24 haemoglobin haemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 25 threshold threshold NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 26 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 27 anaemia anaemia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 28 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 29 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 30 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 31 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 32 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 33 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 34 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 35 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 36 higher high JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 37 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 38 that that DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 39 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 40 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 41 individual individual JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 42 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 43 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 44 i.e. i.e. FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 45 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 46 average average JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 47 level level NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 48 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 49 6.25 6.25 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 50 rather rather RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 51 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 52 5 5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 53 mmol mmol JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 54 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 55 l l NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 56 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 57 Van Van NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 58 Hellemond Hellemond NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 59 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 60 Sprietsma Sprietsma NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 61 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 62 1979a 1979a CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 63 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1012 64 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1013 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1013 2 order order NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1013 3 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1013 4 prevent prevent VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1013 5 anaemia anaemia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1013 6 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1013 7 fattening fatten VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1013 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1013 9 blood blood NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1013 10 haemoglobin haemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1013 11 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1013 12 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1013 13 monitored monitor VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1013 14 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1013 15 some some DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1013 16 extent extent NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1013 17 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1013 18 white white JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1013 19 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1013 20 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1013 21 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1013 22 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1013 23 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1013 24 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1013 25 treated treat VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1013 26 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1013 27 supplemental supplemental JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1013 28 iron iron NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1013 29 according accord VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1013 30 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1013 31 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1013 32 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1013 33 dependent dependent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1013 34 haemoglobin haemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1013 35 thresholds threshold NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1013 36 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1014 1 However however RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1014 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1014 3 systematic systematic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1014 4 monitoring monitoring NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1014 5 generally generally RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1014 6 occurs occur VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1014 7 only only RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1014 8 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1014 9 two two CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1014 10 occasions occasion NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1014 11 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1014 12 within within IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1014 13 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1014 14 first first JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1014 15 2 2 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1014 16 - - SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1014 17 3 3 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1014 18 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1014 19 upon upon IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1014 20 arrival arrival NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1014 21 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1014 22 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1014 23 fattening fatten VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1014 24 unit unit NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1014 25 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1014 26 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1014 27 all all DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1014 28 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1014 29 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1014 30 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1014 31 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1014 32 12 12 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1014 33 - - SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1014 34 14 14 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1014 35 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1014 36 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1014 37 fattening fatten VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1014 38 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1014 39 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1014 40 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1014 41 sample sample NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1014 42 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1014 43 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1014 44 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1015 1 Outside outside IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1015 2 these these DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1015 3 instants instant NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1015 4 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1015 5 individual individual JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1015 6 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1015 7 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1015 8 receive receive VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1015 9 iron iron NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1015 10 supplementation supplementation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1015 11 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1015 12 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1015 13 presence presence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1015 14 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1015 15 clinical clinical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1015 16 signs sign NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1015 17 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1015 18 iron iron NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1015 19 deficiency deficiency NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1015 20 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1016 1 But but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1016 2 once once RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1016 3 clinical clinical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1016 4 signs sign NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1016 5 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1016 6 apparent apparent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1016 7 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1016 8 haemoglobin haemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1016 9 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1016 10 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1016 11 usually usually RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1016 12 well well RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1016 13 below below IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1016 14 4.5 4.5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1016 15 mmol mmol JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1016 16 l l NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1016 17 -1 -1 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1017 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1017 2 Blaxter Blaxter NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1017 3 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1017 4 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1017 5 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1017 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1017 7 1957 1957 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1017 8 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1017 9 Bremner Bremner NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1017 10 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1017 11 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1017 12 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1017 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1017 14 1976 1976 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1017 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1017 16 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1018 1 Since since IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1018 2 blood blood NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1018 3 haemoglobin haemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1018 4 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1018 5 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1018 6 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1018 7 routinely routinely RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1018 8 monitored monitor VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1018 9 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1018 10 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1018 11 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1018 12 beyond beyond IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1018 13 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1018 14 14 14 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1018 15 th th CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1018 16 week week NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1018 17 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1018 18 fattening fatten VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1018 19 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1018 20 there there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1018 21 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1018 22 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1018 23 likelihood likelihood NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1018 24 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1018 25 too too RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1018 26 low low JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1018 27 haemoglobin haemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1018 28 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1018 29 occurring occur VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1018 30 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1018 31 part part NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1018 32 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1018 33 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1018 34 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1018 35 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1018 36 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1018 37 particular particular JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1018 38 towards towards IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1018 39 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1018 40 end end NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1018 41 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1018 42 fattening fatten VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1018 43 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1018 44 when when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1018 45 low low JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1018 46 haemoglobin haemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1018 47 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1018 48 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1018 49 most most RBS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1018 50 likely likely JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1018 51 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1018 52 occur occur VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1018 53 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1019 1 General general JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1019 2 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1019 3 Calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1019 4 kept keep VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1019 5 indoors indoor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1019 6 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1019 7 housed house VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1019 8 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1019 9 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1019 10 environment environment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1019 11 where where WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1019 12 several several JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1019 13 important important JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1019 14 factors factor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1019 15 interact interact VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1019 16 such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1019 17 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1019 18 space space NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1019 19 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1019 20 pen pen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1019 21 design design NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1019 22 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1019 23 social social JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1019 24 contacts contact NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1019 25 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1019 26 flooring flooring NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1019 27 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1019 28 bedding bedding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1019 29 material material NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1019 30 as as RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1019 31 well well RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1019 32 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1019 33 climate climate NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1019 34 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1020 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1020 2 experimental experimental JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1020 3 studies study NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1020 4 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1020 5 usually usually RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1020 6 one one CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1020 7 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1020 8 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1020 9 few few JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1020 10 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1020 11 these these DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1020 12 factors factor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1020 13 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1020 14 varied varied JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1020 15 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1020 16 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1020 17 others other NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1020 18 controlled control VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1020 19 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1020 20 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1021 1 However however RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1021 2 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1021 3 larger large JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1021 4 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1021 5 studies study NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1021 6 many many JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1021 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1021 8 these these DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1021 9 factors factor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1021 10 vary vary VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1021 11 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1021 12 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1021 13 interaction interaction NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1021 14 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1021 15 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1021 16 measured measure VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1021 17 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 2 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 3 study study NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 5 3081 3081 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 6 heifer heifer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 7 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 8 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 9 122 122 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 10 Swedish swedish JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 11 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 12 herds herd NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 13 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 14 effect effect NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 15 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 16 draught draught NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 17 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 18 cleanliness cleanliness NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 19 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 20 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 21 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 22 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 23 hygiene hygiene NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 24 level level NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 25 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 26 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 27 farm farm NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 28 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 29 placing place VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 30 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 31 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 32 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 33 pens pen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 34 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 35 nature nature NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 36 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 37 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 38 pen pen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 39 walls wall NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 40 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 41 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 42 volume volume NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 43 per per IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 44 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 45 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 46 management management NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 47 factors factor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 48 such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 49 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 50 status status NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 51 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 52 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 53 caretaker caretaker NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 54 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 55 feeding feeding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 56 routines routine NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 57 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 58 evaluated evaluate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 59 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 60 means mean NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 61 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 62 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 63 two two CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 64 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 65 level level NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 66 variance variance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 67 component component NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 68 logistic logistic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 69 model model NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1022 70 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1023 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1023 2 placing placing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1023 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1023 4 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1023 5 pens pen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1023 6 along along IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1023 7 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1023 8 outer outer JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1023 9 wall wall NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1023 10 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1023 11 significantly significantly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1023 12 associated associate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1023 13 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1023 14 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1023 15 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1023 16 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1023 17 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1023 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1023 19 odds odd NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1023 20 ratio ratio NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1023 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1023 22 OR OR NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1023 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1023 24 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1023 25 1.92 1.92 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1023 26 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1023 27 p<0.01 p<0.01 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1023 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1023 29 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1023 30 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1023 31 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1023 32 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1023 33 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1023 34 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1023 35 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1023 36 significantly significantly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1023 37 associated associate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1023 38 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1023 39 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1023 40 ammonia ammonia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1023 41 concentration concentration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1023 42 below below IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1023 43 6 6 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1023 44 ppm ppm NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1023 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1023 46 OR or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1023 47 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1023 48 0.42 0.42 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1023 49 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1023 50 p<0.05 p<0.05 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1023 51 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1023 52 while while IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1023 53 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1023 54 OR OR NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1023 55 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1023 56 moderately moderately RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1023 57 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1024 1 severely severely RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1024 2 increased increase VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1024 3 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1024 4 sounds sound NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1024 5 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1024 6 significantly significantly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1024 7 associated associate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1024 8 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1024 9 draught draught NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1024 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1024 11 OR or NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1024 12 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1024 13 3.7 3.7 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1024 14 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1024 15 p<0.02 p<0.02 XX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1024 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1025 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1025 2 Lundborg Lundborg NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1025 3 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1025 4 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1025 5 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1025 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1025 7 2005 2005 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1025 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1025 9 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1026 1 Odds odd NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1026 2 ratios ratio NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1026 3 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1026 4 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1026 5 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1026 6 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1026 7 increased increase VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1026 8 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1026 9 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1026 10 housed house VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1026 11 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1026 12 large large JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1026 13 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1026 14 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1026 15 pens pen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1026 16 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1026 17 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1026 18 automatic automatic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1026 19 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1026 20 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1026 21 feeding feed VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1026 22 system system NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1026 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1026 24 OR or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1026 25 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1026 26 2,2 2,2 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1026 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1026 28 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1027 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1027 2 1995 1995 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1027 3 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1027 4 highlights highlight VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1027 5 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1027 6 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1027 7 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1027 8 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1027 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1027 10 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1027 11 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1027 12 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1027 13 available available JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1027 14 space space NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1027 15 affect affect VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1027 16 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1027 17 development development NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1027 18 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1027 19 determine determine VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1027 20 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1027 21 behaviours behaviour NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1027 22 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1027 23 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1027 24 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1027 25 able able JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1027 26 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1027 27 perform perform VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1027 28 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1028 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1028 2 1995 1995 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1028 3 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1028 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1028 5 SVC SVC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1028 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1028 7 1995 1995 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1028 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1028 9 recommends recommend VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1028 10 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1028 11 minimum minimum JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1028 12 space space NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1028 13 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1028 14 both both DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1028 15 single single JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1028 16 crate crate NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1028 17 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1028 18 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1028 19 pen pen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1028 20 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1028 21 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1028 22 points point VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1028 23 out out RP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1028 24 how how WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1028 25 lack lack NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1028 26 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1028 27 space space NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1028 28 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1028 29 affect affect VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1028 30 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1028 31 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1028 32 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1028 33 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1028 34 reared rear VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1028 35 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1028 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1028 37 Maatje Maatje NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1028 38 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1028 39 Verhoeff Verhoeff NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1028 40 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1028 41 1991 1991 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1028 42 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1029 1 Dantzer Dantzer NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1029 2 et et FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1029 3 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1029 4 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1030 1 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1030 2 1983 1983 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1030 3 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1030 4 Friend Friend NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1030 5 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1030 6 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1030 7 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1030 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1030 9 1985 1985 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1030 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1030 11 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1031 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1031 2 1995 1995 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1031 3 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1031 4 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1031 5 suggests suggest VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1031 6 that that DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1031 7 shape shape NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1031 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1031 9 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1031 10 pen pen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1031 11 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1031 12 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1031 13 important important JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1031 14 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1031 15 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1031 16 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1031 17 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1032 1 Recent recent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1032 2 studies study NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1032 3 confirmed confirm VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1032 4 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1032 5 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1032 6 space space NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1032 7 available available JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1032 8 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1032 9 affect affect VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1032 10 both both DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1032 11 behavioural behavioural JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1032 12 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1032 13 physiological physiological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1032 14 traits trait NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1032 15 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1032 16 productive productive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1032 17 performances performance NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1032 18 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1032 19 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1032 20 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1033 1 However however RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1033 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1033 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1033 4 majority majority NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1033 5 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1033 6 them -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1033 7 compare compare VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1033 8 behaviour behaviour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1033 9 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1033 10 production production NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1033 11 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1033 12 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1033 13 indicators indicator NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1033 14 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1033 15 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1033 16 reared rear VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1033 17 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1033 18 individual individual JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1033 19 crates crate NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1033 20 versus versus IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1033 21 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1033 22 pens pen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1033 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1033 24 Vessier Vessier NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1033 25 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1033 26 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1033 27 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1033 28 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1033 29 1998 1998 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1033 30 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1034 1 Andrighetto Andrighetto NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1034 2 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1034 3 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1034 4 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1034 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1034 6 1999 1999 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1034 7 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1034 8 Jensen Jensen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1034 9 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1034 10 1999 1999 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1034 11 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1034 12 Verga Verga NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1034 13 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1034 14 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1034 15 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1034 16 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1034 17 2000 2000 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1035 1 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1035 2 Cozzi Cozzi NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1035 3 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1035 4 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1035 5 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1035 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1035 7 2000 2000 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1035 8 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1035 9 Bokkers Bokkers NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1035 10 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1035 11 Koene Koene NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1035 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1035 13 2001 2001 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1035 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1035 15 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1035 16 tethered tethered JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1035 17 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1035 18 single single JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1035 19 pen pen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1036 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1036 2 Terosky Terosky NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1036 3 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1036 4 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1036 5 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1036 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1036 7 1997 1997 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1036 8 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1036 9 Wilson Wilson NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1036 10 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1036 11 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1036 12 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1036 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1036 14 1999 1999 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1036 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1037 1 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1037 2 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1037 3 already already RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1037 4 discussed discuss VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1037 5 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1037 6 chapter chapter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1037 7 8 8 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1037 8 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1038 1 Little little JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1038 2 research research NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1038 3 has have VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1038 4 been be VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1038 5 done do VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1038 6 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1038 7 directly directly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1038 8 compare compare VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1038 9 behavioural behavioural JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1038 10 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1038 11 physiological physiological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1038 12 indicators indicator NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1038 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1038 14 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1038 15 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1038 16 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1038 17 reared rear VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1038 18 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1038 19 pens pen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1038 20 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1038 21 various various JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1038 22 space space NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1038 23 allowances allowance NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1038 24 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1039 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1039 2 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1039 3 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1039 4 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1039 5 has have VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1039 6 been be VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1039 7 shown show VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1039 8 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1039 9 spatial spatial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1039 10 environment environment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1039 11 stimulated stimulate VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1039 12 play play NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1039 13 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1039 14 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1039 15 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1039 16 small small JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1039 17 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1039 18 pens pen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1039 19 performed perform VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1039 20 less less RBR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1039 21 locomotory locomotory NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1039 22 play play VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1039 23 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1039 24 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1039 25 ones one NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1039 26 kept keep VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1039 27 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1039 28 larger large JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1039 29 pens pen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1039 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1040 1 Jensen Jensen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1040 2 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1040 3 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1040 4 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1041 1 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1041 2 1998 1998 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1041 3 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1041 4 Jensen Jensen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1041 5 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1041 6 Kyhn Kyhn NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1041 7 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1041 8 2000 2000 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1041 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1041 10 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 2 has have VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 3 been be VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 4 reported report VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 5 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 6 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 7 preliminary preliminary JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 8 study study NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 9 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 10 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 11 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 12 kept keep VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 14 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 15 birth birth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 16 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 17 1 1 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 18 month month NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 19 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 20 life life NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 21 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 22 larger large JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 23 stalls stall NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 25 1.00 1.00 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 26 m m NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 27 X x NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 28 1.50 1.50 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 29 m m CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 31 showed show VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 32 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 33 higher high JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 34 percentage percentage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 35 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 36 lying lie VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 37 behaviour behaviour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 38 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 39 grooming grooming NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 40 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 41 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 42 kept keep VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 43 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 44 smaller small JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 45 stalls stall NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 46 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 47 0.73 0.73 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 48 m m NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 49 X x NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 50 1.21 1.21 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 51 m m NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 52 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 53 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 54 besides besides RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 55 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 56 lymphocyte lymphocyte NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 57 proliferation proliferation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 58 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 59 significantly significantly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 60 higher high JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 61 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 62 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 63 reared rear VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 64 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 65 large large JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 66 stalls stall NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 67 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 68 Ferrante Ferrante NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 69 el el NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 70 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 71 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 72 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 73 1998 1998 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 74 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1042 75 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1043 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1043 2 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1043 3 known know VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1043 4 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1043 5 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1043 6 prefer prefer VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1043 7 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1043 8 use use VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1043 9 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1043 10 perimeter perimeter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1043 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1043 12 pens pen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1043 13 rather rather RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1043 14 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1043 15 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1043 16 central central JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1043 17 area area NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1044 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1044 2 Stricklin Stricklin NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1044 3 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1044 4 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1044 5 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1044 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1044 7 1979 1979 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1044 8 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1044 9 Hinch Hinch NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1044 10 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1044 11 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1044 12 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1044 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1044 14 1982 1982 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1044 15 ; ; . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1045 1 Fraser Fraser NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1045 2 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1045 3 Broom Broom NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1045 4 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1045 5 1997 1997 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1045 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1045 7 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1046 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1046 2 ratio ratio NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1046 3 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1046 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1046 5 number number NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1046 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1046 7 corners corner NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1046 8 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1046 9 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1046 10 pen pen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1046 11 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1046 12 number number NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1046 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1046 14 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1046 15 seems seem VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1046 16 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1046 17 influence influence VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1046 18 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1046 19 individual individual JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1046 20 space space NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1046 21 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1046 22 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1046 23 space space NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1046 24 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1046 25 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1046 26 try try VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1046 27 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1046 28 keep keep VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1046 29 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1046 30 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1046 31 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1046 32 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1046 33 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1046 34 showed show VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1046 35 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1046 36 simulation simulation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1046 37 models model NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1046 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1046 39 Stricklin Stricklin NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1046 40 et et FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1046 41 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1046 42 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1046 43 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1046 44 1995 1995 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1046 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1046 46 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1047 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1047 2 pen pen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1047 3 shapes shape NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1047 4 maximising maximise VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1047 5 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1047 6 perimeter perimeter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1047 7 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1047 8 area area NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1047 9 ratio ratio NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1047 10 might may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1047 11 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1047 12 preferable preferable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1047 13 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1047 14 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1047 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1047 16 Jóhannesson Jóhannesson NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1047 17 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1047 18 Sørensen Sørensen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1047 19 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1047 20 2000 2000 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1047 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1047 22 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1048 1 For for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1048 2 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1048 3 reason reason NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1048 4 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1048 5 has have VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1048 6 been be VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1048 7 pointed point VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1048 8 out out RP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1048 9 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1048 10 measurements measurement NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1048 11 such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1048 12 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1048 13 pen pen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1048 14 perimeter perimeter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1048 15 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1048 16 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1048 17 number number NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1048 18 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1048 19 corners corner NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1048 20 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1048 21 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1048 22 diagonal diagonal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1048 23 distance distance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1048 24 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1048 25 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1048 26 pen pen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1048 27 could could MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1048 28 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1048 29 important important JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1048 30 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1048 31 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1048 32 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1048 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1048 34 Jóhannesson Jóhannesson NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1048 35 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1048 36 Sørensen Sørensen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1048 37 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1048 38 2000 2000 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1048 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1048 40 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1049 1 However however RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1049 2 there there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1049 3 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1049 4 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1049 5 lack lack NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1049 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1049 7 knowledge knowledge NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1049 8 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1049 9 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1049 10 topic topic NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1049 11 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1049 12 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1049 13 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1050 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1050 2 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1050 3 study study NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1050 4 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1050 5 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1050 6 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1050 7 most most JJS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1050 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1050 9 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1050 10 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1050 11 lying lie VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1050 12 next next RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1050 13 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1050 14 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1050 15 wall wall NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1050 16 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1050 17 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1050 18 quieter quiet JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1050 19 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1050 20 drier dry JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1050 21 part part NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1050 22 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1050 23 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1050 24 pen pen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1050 25 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1050 26 stood stand VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1050 27 more more JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1050 28 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1050 29 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1050 30 side side NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1050 31 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1050 32 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1050 33 far far JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1050 34 pen pen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1050 35 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1050 36 eliminated eliminate VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1050 37 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1050 38 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1050 39 feeding feeding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1050 40 area area NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1050 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1050 42 Stefanowska Stefanowska NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1050 43 et et FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1050 44 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1050 45 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1050 46 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1050 47 2002 2002 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1050 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1050 49 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1051 1 Calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1051 2 kept keep VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1051 3 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1051 4 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1051 5 large large JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1051 6 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1051 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1051 8 26 26 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1051 9 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1051 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1051 11 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1051 12 fed feed VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1051 13 using use VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1051 14 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1051 15 automatic automatic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1051 16 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1051 17 replacer replacer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1051 18 showed show VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1051 19 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1051 20 elevated elevated JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1051 21 use use NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1051 22 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1051 23 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1051 24 area area NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1051 25 around around IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1051 26 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1051 27 partition partition NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1051 28 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1051 29 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1051 30 pen pen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1051 31 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1051 32 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1051 33 spent spend VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1051 34 little little JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1051 35 time time NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1051 36 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1051 37 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1051 38 centre centre NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1051 39 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1051 40 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1051 41 area area NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1051 42 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1052 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1052 2 Morita Morita NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1052 3 et et FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1052 4 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1052 5 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1052 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1052 7 1999 1999 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1052 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1052 9 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1052 10 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1052 11 use use NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1052 12 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1052 13 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1052 14 pen pen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1052 15 space space NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1052 16 could could MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1052 17 lead lead VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1052 18 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1052 19 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1052 20 pen pen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1052 21 design design NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1052 22 functionally functionally RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1052 23 divided divide VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1052 24 into into IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1052 25 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1052 26 walking walking NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1052 27 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1052 28 feeding feeding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1052 29 area area NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1052 30 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1052 31 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1052 32 lying lie VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1052 33 area area NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1052 34 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1053 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1053 2 1995 1995 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1053 3 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1053 4 concludes conclude VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1053 5 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1053 6 slatted slatted JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1053 7 floors floor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1053 8 must must MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1053 9 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1053 10 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1053 11 slippery slippery JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1053 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1053 13 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1053 14 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1053 15 recommends recommend VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1053 16 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1053 17 bedding bedding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1053 18 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1053 19 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1053 20 example example NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1053 21 straw straw NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1053 22 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1053 23 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1053 24 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1053 25 every every DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1053 26 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1053 27 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1053 28 have have VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1053 29 access access NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1053 30 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1053 31 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1053 32 dry dry JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1053 33 lying lying NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1053 34 area area NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1053 35 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1054 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1054 2 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1054 3 highlights highlight VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1054 4 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1054 5 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1054 6 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1054 7 management management NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1054 8 conditions condition NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1054 9 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1054 10 affect affect VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1054 11 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1054 12 posture posture NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1054 13 adopted adopt VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1054 14 when when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1054 15 lying lie VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1054 16 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1054 17 resting rest VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1054 18 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1054 19 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1054 20 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1055 1 9.4.1 9.4.1 LS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1055 2 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1056 1 Recent recent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1056 2 findings finding NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1056 3 regarding regard VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1056 4 importance importance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1056 5 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1056 6 floor floor NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1056 7 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1056 8 bedding bedding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1056 9 materials material NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1056 10 Slatted Slatted NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1056 11 floors floor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1056 12 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1056 13 been be VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1056 14 used use VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1056 15 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1056 16 many many JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1056 17 years year NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1056 18 as as RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1056 19 convenient convenient JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1056 20 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1056 21 intensive intensive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1056 22 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1056 23 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1056 24 beef beef NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1056 25 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1056 26 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1056 27 concerns concern NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1056 28 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1056 29 been be VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1056 30 expressed express VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1056 31 about about IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1056 32 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1056 33 effects effect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1056 34 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1056 35 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1056 36 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1056 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1056 38 SCAHAW SCAHAW NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1056 39 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1056 40 2001 2001 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1056 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1056 42 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1057 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1057 2 type type NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1057 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1057 4 surface surface NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1057 5 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1057 6 only only RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1057 7 affects affect VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1057 8 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1057 9 movements movement NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1057 10 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1057 11 getting get VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1057 12 up up RP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1057 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1057 14 lying lie VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1057 15 down down RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1057 16 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1057 17 lying lie VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1057 18 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1057 19 resting rest VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1057 20 behaviour behaviour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1057 21 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1057 22 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1057 23 fattening fattening JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1057 24 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1057 25 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1057 26 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1057 27 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1057 28 behavioural behavioural JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1057 29 traits trait NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1057 30 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1057 31 physiological physiological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1057 32 indicators indicator NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1057 33 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1057 34 stress stress NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1057 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1057 36 SCAHAW SCAHAW NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1057 37 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1057 38 2001 2001 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1057 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1057 40 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1058 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1058 2 when when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1058 3 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1058 4 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1058 5 choose choose VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1058 6 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1058 7 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1058 8 floor floor NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1058 9 types type NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1058 10 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1058 11 prefer prefer VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1058 12 deep deep JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1058 13 litter litter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1058 14 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1058 15 slatted slatted JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1058 16 floor floor NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1058 17 especially especially RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1058 18 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1058 19 resting rest VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1058 20 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1059 1 Many many JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1059 2 studies study NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1059 3 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1059 4 conducted conduct VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1059 5 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1059 6 order order NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1059 7 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1059 8 analyse analyse VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1059 9 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1059 10 floor floor NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1059 11 comfort comfort NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1059 12 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1059 13 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1059 14 lying lie VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1059 15 area area NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1059 16 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1059 17 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1059 18 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1059 19 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1059 20 beef beef NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1059 21 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1059 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1059 23 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1059 24 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1059 25 list list NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1059 26 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1059 27 references reference NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1059 28 see see VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1059 29 Tuyttens Tuyttens NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1059 30 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1059 31 2005 2005 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1059 32 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1059 33 SCAHAW SCAHAW NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1059 34 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1059 35 2001 2001 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1059 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1059 37 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1060 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1060 2 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1060 3 pens pen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1060 4 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1060 5 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1060 6 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1060 7 do do VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1060 8 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1060 9 have have VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1060 10 separate separate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1060 11 lying lying NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1060 12 areas area NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1060 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1060 14 therefore therefore RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1060 15 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1060 16 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1060 17 spend spend VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1060 18 all all PDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1060 19 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1060 20 time time NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1060 21 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1060 22 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1060 23 same same JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1060 24 surface surface NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1060 25 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1061 1 If if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1061 2 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1061 3 floor floor NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1061 4 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1061 5 too too RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1061 6 hard hard JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1061 7 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1061 8 lying lying NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1061 9 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1061 10 too too RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1061 11 slippery slippery JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1061 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1061 13 discomfort discomfort NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1061 14 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1061 15 distress distress NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1061 16 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1061 17 injury injury NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1061 18 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1061 19 result result VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1061 20 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1062 1 A a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1062 2 suitable suitable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1062 3 floor floor NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1062 4 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1062 5 very very RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1062 6 important important JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1062 7 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1062 8 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1062 9 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1062 10 adequate adequate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1062 11 rest rest NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1062 12 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1062 13 essential essential JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1062 14 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1062 15 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1062 16 good good JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1062 17 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1062 18 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1062 19 young young JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1062 20 growing grow VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1062 21 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1062 22 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1062 23 moreover moreover RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1062 24 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1062 25 positive positive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1062 26 correlation correlation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1062 27 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1062 28 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1062 29 amount amount NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1062 30 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1062 31 rest rest NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1062 32 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1062 33 growth growth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1062 34 rates rate NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1062 35 has have VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1062 36 been be VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1062 37 observed observe VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1062 38 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1062 39 growing grow VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1062 40 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1063 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1063 2 Mogensen Mogensen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1063 3 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1063 4 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1063 5 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1064 1 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1064 2 1997 1997 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1064 3 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1064 4 Hanninen Hanninen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1064 5 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1064 6 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1064 7 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1064 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1064 9 2005 2005 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1064 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1064 11 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1065 1 Adequate adequate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1065 2 resting resting NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1065 3 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1065 4 important important JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1065 5 both both DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1065 6 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1065 7 sleep sleep NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1065 8 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1065 9 temperature temperature NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1065 10 regulation regulation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1065 11 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 1 Veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 2 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 3 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 4 often often RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 5 housed house VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 6 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 7 slatted slatted JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 8 floors floor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 9 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 10 commonly commonly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 11 made make VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 12 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 13 hardwood hardwood NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 14 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 15 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 16 product product NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 17 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 18 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 19 controversial controversial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 20 because because IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 21 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 22 often often RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 23 comes come VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 24 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 25 unsustainable unsustainable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 26 forestry forestry NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 27 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 28 tropical tropical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 29 countries country NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 31 Stefanowska Stefanowska NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 32 et et FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 33 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 34 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 35 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 36 2002 2002 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 38 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 39 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 40 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 41 concrete concrete JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 42 floors floor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 43 due due IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 44 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 45 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 46 fact fact NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 47 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 48 bedding bedding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 49 material material NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 50 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 51 costly costly JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 52 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 53 requires require VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 54 more more JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 55 labour labour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 56 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 57 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 58 cause cause VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 59 problems problem NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 60 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 61 manure manure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 62 handling handling NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 63 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1066 64 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1067 1 Wooden wooden JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1067 2 slatted slatted JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1067 3 floors floor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1067 4 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1067 5 absorb absorb VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1067 6 liquid liquid NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1067 7 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1067 8 manure manure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1067 9 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1067 10 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1067 11 wet wet JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1067 12 surface surface NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1067 13 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1067 14 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1067 15 comfortable comfortable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1067 16 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1067 17 moving move VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1067 18 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1067 19 lying lie VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1068 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1068 2 Verga Verga NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1068 3 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1068 4 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1068 5 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1068 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1068 7 1985 1985 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1068 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1068 9 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1069 1 Even even RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1069 2 if if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1069 3 straw straw NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1069 4 bedding bedding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1069 5 provides provide VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1069 6 better well JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1069 7 floor floor NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1069 8 comfort comfort NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1069 9 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1069 10 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1069 11 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1069 12 slatted slatted JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1069 13 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1069 14 concrete concrete JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1069 15 floors floor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1069 16 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1069 17 suitable suitable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1069 18 alternatives alternative NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1069 19 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1069 20 reduce reduce VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1069 21 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1069 22 eliminate eliminate VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1069 23 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1069 24 use use NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1069 25 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1069 26 straw straw NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1069 27 bedding bedding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1069 28 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1069 29 available available JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1069 30 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1069 31 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1069 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1069 33 Tuyttens Tuyttens NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1069 34 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1069 35 2005 2005 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1069 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1069 37 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1070 1 Recent recent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1070 2 studies study NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1070 3 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1070 4 investigated investigate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1070 5 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1070 6 effect effect NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1070 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1070 8 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1070 9 texture texture NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1070 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1070 11 how how WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1070 12 soft soft JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1070 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1070 14 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1070 15 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1070 16 thermal thermal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1070 17 properties property NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1070 18 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1070 19 floor floor NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1070 20 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1070 21 lying lie VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1070 22 postures posture NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1070 23 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1070 24 resting rest VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1070 25 behaviour behaviour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1070 26 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1070 27 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1070 28 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1071 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1071 2 cool cool JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1071 3 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1071 4 drafty drafty JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1071 5 floors floor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1071 6 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1071 7 spent spend VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1071 8 less less JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1071 9 time time NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1071 10 resting rest VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1071 11 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1071 12 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1071 13 side side NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1071 14 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1071 15 rest rest NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1071 16 curled curl VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1071 17 up up RP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1071 18 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1071 19 order order NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1071 20 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1071 21 conserve conserve VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1071 22 heat heat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1071 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1071 24 Hanninen Hanninen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1071 25 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1071 26 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1071 27 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1071 28 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1071 29 2003 2003 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1071 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1071 31 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1072 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1072 2 contrast contrast NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1072 3 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1072 4 adult adult NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1072 5 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1072 6 cows cow NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1072 7 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1072 8 rested rest VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1072 9 longer long RBR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1072 10 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1072 11 lay lie VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1072 12 down down RP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1072 13 more more RBR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1072 14 frequently frequently RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1072 15 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1072 16 softer soft JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1072 17 floors floor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1072 18 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1072 19 there there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1072 20 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1072 21 no no DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1072 22 effect effect NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1072 23 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1072 24 type type NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1072 25 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1072 26 floor floor NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1072 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1072 28 concrete concrete JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1072 29 floor floor NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1072 30 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1072 31 rubber rubber NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1072 32 mats mat NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1072 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1072 34 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1072 35 resting rest VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1072 36 behaviour behaviour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1072 37 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1072 38 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1072 39 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1072 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1072 41 Hanninen Hanninen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1072 42 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1072 43 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1072 44 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1072 45 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1072 46 2005 2005 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1072 47 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1072 48 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1073 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1073 2 another another DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1073 3 experiment experiment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1073 4 where where WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1073 5 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1073 6 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1073 7 could could MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1073 8 choose choose VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1073 9 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1073 10 use use VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1073 11 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1073 12 hardwood hardwood NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1073 13 slatted slatted JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1073 14 floor floor NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1073 15 surface surface NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1073 16 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1073 17 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1073 18 synthetic synthetic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1073 19 rubber rubber NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1073 20 coated coat VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1073 21 floor floor NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1073 22 surface surface NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1073 23 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1073 24 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1073 25 preferred prefer VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1073 26 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1073 27 wooden wooden JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1073 28 floor floor NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1073 29 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1073 30 lying lie VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1073 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1073 32 Stefanowska Stefanowska NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1073 33 et et FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1073 34 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1073 35 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1073 36 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1073 37 2002 2002 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1073 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1073 39 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1074 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1074 2 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1074 3 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1074 4 rested rest VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1074 5 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1074 6 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1074 7 drier dry JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1074 8 part part NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1074 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1074 10 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1074 11 pen pen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1074 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1074 13 Stefanowska Stefanowska NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1074 14 et et FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1074 15 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1074 16 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1074 17 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1074 18 2002 2002 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1074 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1074 20 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1075 1 From from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1075 2 these these DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1075 3 studies study NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1075 4 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1075 5 seems seem VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1075 6 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1075 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1075 8 texture texture NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1075 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1075 10 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1075 11 floor floor NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1075 12 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1075 13 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1075 14 as as RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1075 15 important important JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1075 16 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1075 17 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1075 18 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1075 19 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1075 20 older old JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1075 21 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1075 22 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1075 23 whereas whereas IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1075 24 thermal thermal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1075 25 comfort comfort NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1075 26 seems seem VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1075 27 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1075 28 affect affect VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1075 29 lying lie VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1075 30 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1075 31 lying lie VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1075 32 postures posture NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1075 33 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1076 1 Panivivat Panivivat NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1076 2 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1076 3 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1076 4 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1077 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1077 2 2004 2004 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1077 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1077 4 investigated investigate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1077 5 growth growth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1077 6 performance performance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1077 7 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1077 8 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1077 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1077 10 60 60 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1077 11 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1077 12 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1077 13 bedded bed VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1077 14 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1077 15 five five CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1077 16 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1077 17 types type NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1077 18 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1077 19 materials material NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1077 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1077 21 granite granite NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1077 22 fines fine NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1077 23 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1077 24 sand sand NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1077 25 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1077 26 rice rice NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1077 27 hulls hull NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1077 28 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1077 29 long long JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1077 30 wheat wheat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1077 31 straw straw NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1077 32 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1077 33 wood wood NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1077 34 shavings shaving NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1077 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1077 36 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1077 37 42 42 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1077 38 days day NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1077 39 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1077 40 August August NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1077 41 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1077 42 October October NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1077 43 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1077 44 birth birth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1077 45 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1078 1 Overall overall JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1078 2 average average JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1078 3 daily daily JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1078 4 gain gain NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1078 5 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1078 6 dry dry JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1078 7 matter matter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1078 8 intake intake NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1078 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1078 10 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1078 11 did do VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1078 12 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1078 13 differ differ VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1078 14 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1078 15 bedding bedding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1078 16 type type NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1078 17 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1078 18 although although IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1078 19 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1078 20 week week NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1078 21 2 2 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1078 22 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1078 23 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1078 24 housed house VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1078 25 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1078 26 rice rice NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1078 27 hulls hull NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1078 28 had have VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1078 29 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1078 30 greatest greatest RBS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1078 31 dry dry JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1078 32 matter matter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1078 33 intake intake NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1078 34 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1079 1 those those DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1079 2 housed house VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1079 3 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1079 4 wood wood NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1079 5 shavings shaving NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1079 6 had have VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1079 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1079 8 lowest low JJS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1079 9 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1080 1 During during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1080 2 week week NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1080 3 2 2 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1080 4 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1080 5 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1080 6 housed house VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1080 7 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1080 8 granite granite NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1080 9 fines fine NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1080 10 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1080 11 sand sand NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1080 12 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1080 13 treated treat VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1080 14 more more RBR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1080 15 often often RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1080 16 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1080 17 scours scour NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1080 18 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1080 19 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1080 20 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1080 21 housed house VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1080 22 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1080 23 long long JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1080 24 wheat wheat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1080 25 straw straw NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1080 26 received receive VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1080 27 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1080 28 fewest few JJS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1080 29 antibiotic antibiotic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1080 30 treatments treatment NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1080 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1080 32 week week NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1080 33 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1080 34 bedding bed VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1080 35 material material NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1080 36 interaction interaction NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1080 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1080 38 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1081 1 Granite granite NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1081 2 fines fine NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1081 3 formed form VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1081 4 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1081 5 harder hard JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1081 6 surface surface NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1081 7 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1081 8 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1081 9 bedding bedding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1081 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1081 11 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1081 12 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1081 13 housed house VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1081 14 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1081 15 granite granite NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1081 16 fines fine NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1081 17 scored score VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1081 18 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1081 19 dirtiest dirty JJS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1081 20 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1082 1 Long long JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1082 2 wheat wheat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1082 3 straw straw NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1082 4 had have VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1082 5 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1082 6 warmest warm JJS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1082 7 surface surface NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1082 8 temperature temperature NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1082 9 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1082 10 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1082 11 rice rice NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1082 12 hulls hull NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1082 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1082 14 wood wood NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1082 15 shavings shaving NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1082 16 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1082 17 warmer warm JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1082 18 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1082 19 granite granite NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1082 20 fines fine NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1082 21 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1082 22 sand sand NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1082 23 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1083 1 Serum serum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1083 2 cortisol cortisol NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1083 3 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1083 4 alpha alpha NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1083 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1083 6 1)-acid 1)-acid CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1083 7 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1083 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1083 9 immunoglobulin immunoglobulin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1083 10 G g NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1083 11 concentrations concentration NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1083 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1083 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1083 14 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1083 15 neutrophil neutrophil NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1083 16 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1084 1 lymphocyte lymphocyte NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1084 2 ratio ratio NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1084 3 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1084 4 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1084 5 affected affect VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1084 6 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1084 7 bedding bedding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1084 8 type type NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1084 9 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1085 1 On on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1085 2 day day NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1085 3 0 0 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1085 4 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1085 5 coliform coliform NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1085 6 counts count NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1085 7 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1085 8 greatest great JJS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1085 9 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1085 10 rice rice NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1085 11 hulls hull NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1085 12 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1086 1 After after IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1086 2 use use NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1086 3 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1086 4 coliform coliform NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1086 5 counts count NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1086 6 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1086 7 greatest great JJS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1086 8 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1086 9 long long JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1086 10 wheat wheat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1086 11 straw straw NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1086 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1086 13 week week NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1086 14 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1086 15 bedding bed VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1086 16 material material NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1086 17 interaction interaction NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1086 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1086 19 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1087 1 Growth growth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1087 2 rates rate NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1087 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1087 4 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1087 5 bedded bed VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1087 6 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1087 7 42 42 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1087 8 d d NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1087 9 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1087 10 5 5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1087 11 bedding bedding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1087 12 types type NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1087 13 did do VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1087 14 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1087 15 differ differ VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1087 16 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1087 17 however however RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1087 18 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1087 19 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1087 20 number number NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1087 21 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1087 22 antibiotic antibiotic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1087 23 treatments treatment NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1087 24 given give VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1087 25 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1087 26 scours scour NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1087 27 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1087 28 greatest great JJS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1087 29 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1087 30 granite granite NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1087 31 fines fine NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1087 32 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1087 33 sand sand NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1087 34 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1087 35 coliform coliform NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1087 36 counts count NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1087 37 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1087 38 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1087 39 bedding bedding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1087 40 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1087 41 highest high JJS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1087 42 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1087 43 rice rice NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1087 44 hulls hull NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1087 45 before before IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1087 46 use use NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1087 47 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1087 48 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1087 49 long long JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1087 50 wheat wheat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1087 51 straw straw NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1087 52 after after IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1087 53 42 42 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1087 54 days day NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1087 55 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1087 56 use use NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1087 57 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1088 1 Degree degree NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1088 2 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1088 3 social social JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1088 4 contact contact NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 2 1995 1995 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 3 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 4 recommends recommend VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 5 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 6 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 7 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 8 cared care VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 9 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 10 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 11 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 12 dam dam NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 13 after after IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 14 birth birth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 15 so so IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 16 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 17 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 18 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 19 licked lick VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 20 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 21 receive receive VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 22 colostrum colostrum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 23 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 24 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 25 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 26 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 27 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 28 deprived deprive VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 29 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 30 social social JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 31 contact contact NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 32 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 33 especially especially RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 34 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 35 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 36 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 37 because because IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 38 1 1 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 40 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 41 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 42 social social JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 43 contacts contact NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 44 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 45 2 2 LS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 47 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 48 isolated isolate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 49 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 50 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 51 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 52 express express VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 53 more more RBR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 54 abnormal abnormal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 55 activities activity NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 56 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 57 e.g. e.g. DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 58 excessive excessive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 59 grooming grooming NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 60 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 61 tongue tongue NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 62 rolling rolling NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 63 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 64 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 65 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 66 hyper hyper JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 67 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 68 reactive reactive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 69 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 70 external external JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 71 stimuli stimulus NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 72 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 73 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 74 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 75 social social JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 76 behaviour behaviour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 77 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 78 impaired impair VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 79 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 80 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 81 3 3 LS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 82 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 83 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 84 combination combination NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 85 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 86 restricted restricted JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 87 space space NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 88 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 89 lack lack NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 90 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 91 straw straw NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 92 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 93 individual individual JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 94 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 95 induces induce VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 96 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 97 chronic chronic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 98 stress stress NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 99 state state NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 100 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 101 assessed assess VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 102 through through IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 103 enhanced enhance VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 104 responses response NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 105 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 106 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 107 ACTH ACTH NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 108 challenge challenge NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1089 109 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1090 1 9.5.1 9.5.1 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1090 2 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1091 1 Recent recent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1091 2 findings finding NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1091 3 regarding regard VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1091 4 contacts contact NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1091 5 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1091 6 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1091 7 dam dam NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1092 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1092 2 bond bond NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1092 3 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1092 4 dam dam NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1092 5 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1092 6 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1092 7 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1092 8 likely likely JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1092 9 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1092 10 develop develop VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1092 11 very very RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1092 12 soon soon RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1092 13 after after IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1092 14 birth birth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1092 15 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1092 16 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1092 17 separated separate VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1092 18 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1092 19 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1092 20 dam dam NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1092 21 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1092 22 24h 24h NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1092 23 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1092 24 recognise recognise VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1092 25 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1092 26 vocalizations vocalization NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1092 27 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1092 28 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1092 29 own own JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1092 30 dam dam NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1092 31 one one CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1092 32 day day NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1092 33 later later RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1093 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1093 2 Marchant Marchant NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1093 3 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1093 4 Forde Forde NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1093 5 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1093 6 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1093 7 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1093 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1093 9 2002 2002 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1093 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 2 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 3 review review NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 4 about about IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 5 early early JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 6 separation separation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 7 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 8 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 9 cows cow NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 10 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 11 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 13 Flower Flower NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 14 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 15 Weary Weary NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 17 2003 2003 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 19 conclude conclude VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 20 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 21 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 22 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 23 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 24 one one CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 25 hand hand NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 26 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 27 behavioural behavioural JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 28 reactions reaction NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 29 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 30 cows cow NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 31 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 32 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 33 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 34 separation separation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 35 increase increase NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 36 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 37 increased increase VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 38 contacts contact NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 39 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 40 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 41 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 42 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 43 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 44 hand hand NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 45 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 46 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 47 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 48 future future JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 49 productivity productivity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 50 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 51 weight weight NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 52 gain gain NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 53 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 54 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 55 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 56 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 57 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 58 production production NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 59 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 60 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 61 cow cow NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 62 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 63 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 64 improved improve VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 65 when when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 66 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 67 two two CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 68 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 69 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 70 spent spend VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 71 more more JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 72 time time NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 73 together together RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1094 74 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1095 1 Calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1095 2 reared rear VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1095 3 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1095 4 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1095 5 dam dam NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1095 6 do do VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1095 7 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1095 8 develop develop VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1095 9 cross cross JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1095 10 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1095 11 sucking sucking JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1095 12 while while IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1095 13 artificially artificially RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1095 14 reared rear VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1095 15 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1095 16 do do VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1095 17 so so RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1096 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1096 2 Margerison Margerison NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1096 3 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1096 4 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1096 5 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1096 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1096 7 2003 2003 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1096 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1096 9 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1097 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1097 2 provision provision NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1097 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1097 4 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1097 5 through through IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1097 6 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1097 7 teat teat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1097 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1097 9 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1097 10 long long JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1097 11 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1097 12 meal meal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1097 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1097 14 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1097 15 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1097 16 possibility possibility NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1097 17 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1097 18 suck suck VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1097 19 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1097 20 dry dry JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1097 21 teat teat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1097 22 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1097 23 decrease decrease VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1097 24 non non JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1097 25 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1097 26 nutritive nutritive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1097 27 sucking sucking NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1097 28 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1097 29 artificially artificially RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1097 30 reared rear VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1097 31 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1097 32 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1097 33 do do VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1097 34 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1097 35 abolish abolish VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1097 36 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1098 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1098 2 Review Review NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1098 3 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1098 4 Jensen Jensen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1098 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1098 6 2003 2003 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1098 7 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1098 8 Lidfors Lidfors NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1098 9 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1098 10 Isberg Isberg NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1098 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1098 12 2003 2003 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1098 13 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1098 14 Veissier Veissier NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1098 15 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1098 16 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1098 17 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1098 18 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1098 19 2002 2002 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1098 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1098 21 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1099 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1099 2 presence presence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1099 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1099 4 adult adult NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1099 5 cows cow NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1099 6 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1099 7 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1099 8 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1099 9 dam dam NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1099 10 do do VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1099 11 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1099 12 help help VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1099 13 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1099 14 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1099 15 get get VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1099 16 accustomed accustomed JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1099 17 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1099 18 new new JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1099 19 rearing rearing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1099 20 conditions condition NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1099 21 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1099 22 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1099 23 observed observe VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1099 24 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1099 25 Schwartkorf Schwartkorf NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1099 26 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1099 27 Genswein Genswein NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1099 28 et et FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1099 29 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1099 30 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1100 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1100 2 1997 1997 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1100 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1100 4 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1100 5 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1100 6 submitted submit VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1100 7 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1100 8 feedlot feedlot NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1100 9 conditions condition NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1100 10 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1101 1 9.5.2 9.5.2 LS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1101 2 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1102 1 Recent recent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1102 2 findings finding NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1102 3 regarding regard VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1102 4 contacts contact NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1102 5 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1102 6 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1102 7 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1103 1 Recent recent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1103 2 studies study NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1103 3 confirmed confirm VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1103 4 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1103 5 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1103 6 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1103 7 motivated motivated JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1103 8 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1103 9 social social JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1103 10 contact contact NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1103 11 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1104 1 Such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1104 2 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1104 3 motivation motivation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1104 4 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1104 5 shown show VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1104 6 using use VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1104 7 operant operant NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1104 8 conditioning conditioning NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1104 9 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1104 10 Holm Holm NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1104 11 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1104 12 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1104 13 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1105 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1105 2 2002 2002 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1105 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1105 4 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1105 5 furthermore furthermore RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1105 6 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1105 7 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1105 8 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1105 9 housed house VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1105 10 individually individually RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1105 11 engage engage VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1105 12 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1105 13 more more JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1105 14 contacts contact NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1105 15 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1105 16 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1105 17 neighbours neighbour NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1105 18 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1105 19 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1105 20 housed house VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1105 21 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1105 22 pairs pair NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1105 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1105 24 Raussi Raussi NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1105 25 et et FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1105 26 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1105 27 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1105 28 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1105 29 2003 2003 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1105 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1105 31 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1106 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1106 2 presence presence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1106 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1106 4 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1106 5 companion companion NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1106 6 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1106 7 reduce reduce VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1106 8 emotional emotional JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1106 9 responses response NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1106 10 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1106 11 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1106 12 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 1 This this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 3 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 4 instance instance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 6 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 8 case case NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 9 when when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 10 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 11 housed house VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 12 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 13 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 14 exposed expose VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 15 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 16 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 17 novel novel JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 18 situation situation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 19 like like IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 20 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 21 novel novel JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 22 object object NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 24 Boivin Boivin NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 25 et et FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 26 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 27 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 28 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 29 1999 1999 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 31 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 32 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 33 novel novel JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 34 arena arena NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 36 Jensen Jensen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 37 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 38 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 39 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 40 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 41 1997 1997 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 43 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 44 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 45 sudden sudden JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 46 event event NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 47 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 48 Veissier Veissier NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 49 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 50 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 51 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 52 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 53 1997 1997 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 54 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 55 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 56 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 57 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 58 lorry lorry NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 59 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 60 Lensink Lensink NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 61 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 62 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 63 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 64 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 65 2001 2001 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 66 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1107 67 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1108 1 Humans human NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1108 2 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1108 3 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1108 4 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1108 5 good good JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1108 6 substitute substitute NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1108 7 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1108 8 social social JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1108 9 contacts contact NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1108 10 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1109 1 Individually individually RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1109 2 housed house VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1109 3 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1109 4 interact interact VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1109 5 more more RBR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1109 6 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1109 7 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1109 8 neighbours neighbour NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1109 9 compared compare VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1109 10 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1109 11 pair pair NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1109 12 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1109 13 housed house VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1109 14 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1109 15 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1109 16 even even RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1109 17 when when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1109 18 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1109 19 receive receive VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1109 20 additional additional JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1109 21 contacts contact NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1109 22 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1109 23 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1109 24 stockperson stockperson NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1109 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1109 26 e.g. e.g. RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1109 27 stroking stroke VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1109 28 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1109 29 letting let VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1109 30 suck suck VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1109 31 fingers finger NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1109 32 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1109 33 speaking speak VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1109 34 softly softly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1109 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1110 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1110 2 Raussi Raussi NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1110 3 et et FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1110 4 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1110 5 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1110 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1110 7 2003 2003 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1110 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1110 9 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1111 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1111 2 See see VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1111 3 section section NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1111 4 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1111 5 humananimal humananimal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1111 6 relationships relationship NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1111 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1111 8 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1112 1 9.5.3 9.5.3 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1112 2 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1113 1 Comparison comparison NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1113 2 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1113 3 individual individual JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1113 4 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1113 5 vs. vs. IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1113 6 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1113 7 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1113 8 Individual individual JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1113 9 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1113 10 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1113 11 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1113 12 stressful stressful JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1113 13 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1113 14 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1113 15 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1113 16 measured measure VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1113 17 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1113 18 adrenal adrenal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1113 19 responses response NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1113 20 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1113 21 ACTH ACTH NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1113 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1113 23 Raussi Raussi NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1113 24 et et FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1113 25 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1113 26 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1113 27 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1113 28 2003 2003 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1113 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1113 30 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1114 1 Group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1114 2 housed house VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1114 3 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1114 4 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1114 5 generally generally RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1114 6 more more RBR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1114 7 active active JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1114 8 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1114 9 individually individually RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1114 10 housed house VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1114 11 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1114 12 as as RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1114 13 far far RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1114 14 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1114 15 gross gross JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1114 16 activity activity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1114 17 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1114 18 concerned concern VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1114 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1114 20 more more JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1114 21 time time NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1114 22 spent spend VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1114 23 moving move VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1114 24 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1114 25 eating eat VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1114 26 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1114 27 less less JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1114 28 time time NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1114 29 spent spend VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1114 30 idling idle VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1114 31 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1114 32 lying lie VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1114 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1115 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1115 2 Babu Babu NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1115 3 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1115 4 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1115 5 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1115 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1115 7 2004 2004 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1115 8 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1115 9 Raussi Raussi NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1115 10 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1115 11 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1115 12 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1115 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1115 14 2003 2003 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1115 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1115 16 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1116 1 Group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1116 2 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1116 3 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1116 4 benefit benefit VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1116 5 production production NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1116 6 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1116 7 Xiccato Xiccato NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1116 8 et et FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1116 9 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1116 10 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1117 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1117 2 2002 2002 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1117 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1117 4 found find VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1117 5 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1117 6 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1117 7 housed house VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1117 8 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1117 9 fours four NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1117 10 put put VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1117 11 on on RP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1117 12 more more JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1117 13 weight weight NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1117 14 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1117 15 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1117 16 tethered tether VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1117 17 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1117 18 individual individual JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1117 19 crates crate NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1117 20 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1118 1 However however RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1118 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1118 3 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1118 4 seems seem VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1118 5 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1118 6 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1118 7 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1118 8 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1118 9 case case NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1118 10 when when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1118 11 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1118 12 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1118 13 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1118 14 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1118 15 tethered tether VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1118 16 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1118 17 individual individual JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1118 18 crates crate NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1118 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1119 1 Veissier Veissier NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1119 2 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1119 3 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1119 4 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1119 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1119 6 1998 1998 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1119 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1119 8 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1120 1 Group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1120 2 housed house VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1120 3 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1120 4 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1120 5 less less RBR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1120 6 easy easy JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1120 7 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1120 8 handle handle VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1120 9 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1121 1 Human human JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1121 2 contact contact NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1121 3 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1121 4 thus thus RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1121 5 essential essential JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1121 6 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1121 7 them -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1121 8 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1121 9 become become VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1121 10 accustomed accustomed JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1121 11 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1121 12 humans human NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1121 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1121 14 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1121 15 react react VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1121 16 less less RBR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1121 17 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1121 18 handling handle VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1122 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1122 2 Lensink Lensink NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1122 3 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1122 4 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1122 5 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1122 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1122 7 2001 2001 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1122 8 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1123 1 Mogensen Mogensen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1123 2 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1123 3 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1123 4 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1123 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1123 6 1999 1999 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1123 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1123 8 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1124 1 Group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1124 2 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1124 3 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1124 4 help help VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1124 5 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1124 6 acquiring acquire VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1124 7 social social JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1124 8 skills skill NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1124 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1124 10 Boe Boe NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1124 11 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1124 12 Faerevik Faerevik NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1124 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1124 14 2003 2003 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1124 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1124 16 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1125 1 Some some DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1125 2 experience experience NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1125 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1125 4 mixing mix VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1125 5 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1125 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1125 7 particular particular JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1125 8 importance importance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1125 9 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1125 10 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1125 11 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1125 12 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1125 13 been be VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1125 14 reared rear VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1125 15 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1125 16 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1125 17 while while NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1125 18 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1125 19 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1125 20 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1125 21 dominate dominate VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1125 22 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1125 23 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1125 24 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1125 25 always always RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1125 26 been be VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1125 27 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1125 28 individual individual JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1125 29 crates crate NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1125 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1125 31 Veissier Veissier NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1125 32 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1125 33 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1125 34 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1125 35 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1125 36 1994 1994 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1125 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1125 38 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1126 1 By by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1126 2 contrast contrast NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1126 3 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1126 4 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1126 5 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1126 6 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1126 7 clear clear JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1126 8 whether whether IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1126 9 repeated repeat VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1126 10 mixing mixing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1126 11 would would MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1126 12 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1126 13 beneficial beneficial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1126 14 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1126 15 harmful harmful JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1126 16 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1126 17 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1126 18 Veissier Veissier NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1126 19 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1126 20 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1126 21 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1126 22 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1126 23 2001 2001 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1126 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1126 25 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1127 1 Recent recent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1127 2 research research NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1127 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1127 4 e.g. e.g. RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1127 5 Svenson Svenson NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1127 6 et et FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1127 7 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1127 8 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1128 1 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1128 2 2003 2003 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1128 3 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1128 4 Svensson Svensson NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1128 5 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1128 6 Liberg Liberg NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1128 7 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1128 8 2006 2006 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1128 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1128 10 suggests suggest VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1128 11 that that DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1128 12 transfer transfer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1128 13 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1128 14 individual individual JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1128 15 pen pen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1128 16 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1128 17 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1128 18 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1128 19 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1128 20 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1128 21 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1128 22 second second JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1128 23 week week NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1128 24 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1128 25 life life NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1128 26 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1128 27 disadvantageous disadvantageous JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1128 28 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1128 29 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1128 30 reasons reason NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1128 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1128 32 see see VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1128 33 chapter chapter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1128 34 10 10 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1128 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1128 36 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1128 37 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1128 38 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1128 39 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1128 40 delay delay NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1128 41 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1128 42 mixing mix VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1128 43 until until IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1128 44 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1128 45 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1128 46 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1128 47 2 2 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1128 48 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1128 49 old old JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1128 50 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1128 51 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1128 52 preferable preferable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1128 53 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1129 1 Additional additional JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1129 2 research research NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1129 3 seems seem VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1129 4 necessary necessary JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1129 5 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1129 6 establish establish VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1129 7 what what WP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1129 8 mixing mix VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1129 9 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1129 10 would would MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1129 11 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1129 12 preferable preferable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1129 13 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1129 14 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1129 15 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1129 16 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1129 17 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1129 18 perspective perspective NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1129 19 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1130 1 9.6 9.6 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1130 2 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1131 1 Temperature temperature NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1131 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1131 3 ventilation ventilation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1131 4 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1131 5 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1131 6 hygiene hygiene NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1132 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1132 2 importance importance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1132 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1132 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1132 5 aerial aerial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1132 6 environment environment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1132 7 inside inside IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1132 8 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1132 9 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1132 10 house house NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1132 11 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1132 12 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1132 13 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1132 14 status status NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1132 15 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1132 16 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1132 17 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1132 18 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1132 19 stressed stress VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1132 20 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1132 21 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1132 22 1995 1995 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1132 23 Report Report NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1132 24 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1132 25 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1132 26 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1132 27 still still RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1132 28 seems seem VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1132 29 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1132 30 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1132 31 one one CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1132 32 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1132 33 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1132 34 major major JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1132 35 factors factor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1132 36 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1132 37 cause cause VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1132 38 morbidity morbidity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1132 39 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1132 40 mortality mortality NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1132 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1132 42 Svensson Svensson NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1132 43 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1132 44 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1132 45 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1132 46 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1132 47 2006 2006 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1132 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1132 49 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1133 1 Bioaerosols Bioaerosols NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1133 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1133 3 micro micro NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1133 4 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1133 5 organisms organism NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1133 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1133 7 dust dust NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1133 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1133 9 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1133 10 low low JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1133 11 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1133 12 temperatures temperature NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1133 13 together together RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1133 14 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1133 15 high high JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1133 16 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1133 17 humidity humidity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1133 18 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1133 19 gases gas NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1133 20 such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1133 21 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1133 22 ammonia ammonia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1133 23 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1133 24 draught draught NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1133 25 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1133 26 insufficient insufficient JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1133 27 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1133 28 space space NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1133 29 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1133 30 poor poor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1133 31 ventilation ventilation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1133 32 form form NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1133 33 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1133 34 complex complex JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1133 35 environmental environmental JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1133 36 situation situation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1133 37 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1133 38 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1133 39 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1133 40 detrimental detrimental JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1133 41 particularly particularly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1133 42 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1133 43 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1133 44 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1133 45 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1133 46 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1133 47 young young JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1133 48 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1133 49 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1133 50 Lundborg Lundborg NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1133 51 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1133 52 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1133 53 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1134 1 2005 2005 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1134 2 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1134 3 SVC SVC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1134 4 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1134 5 1995 1995 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1134 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1134 7 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1135 1 9.6.1 9.6.1 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1135 2 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1136 1 Temperature temperature NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1136 2 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1136 3 relative relative JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1136 4 humidity humidity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1137 1 A a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1137 2 healthy healthy JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1137 3 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1137 4 consuming consume VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1137 5 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1137 6 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1137 7 amount amount NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1137 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1137 9 feed feed NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1137 10 has have VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1137 11 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1137 12 wide wide JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1137 13 zone zone NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1137 14 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1137 15 thermal thermal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1137 16 neutrality neutrality NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1137 17 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1138 1 There there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1138 2 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1138 3 no no DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1138 4 difference difference NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1138 5 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1138 6 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1138 7 performance performance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1138 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1138 9 healthy healthy JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1138 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1138 11 normal normal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1138 12 eating eat VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1138 13 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1138 14 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1138 15 temperatures temperature NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1138 16 ranging range VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1138 17 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1138 18 0 0 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1138 19 ºC ºC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1138 20 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1138 21 20 20 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1138 22 ºC ºC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1138 23 provided provide VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1138 24 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1138 25 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1138 26 dry dry JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1138 27 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1138 28 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1138 29 exposed expose VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1138 30 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1138 31 draughts draught NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1138 32 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1139 1 Above above IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1139 2 25 25 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1139 3 ºC ºC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1139 4 conditions condition NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1139 5 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1139 6 confined confine VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1139 7 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1139 8 houses house NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1139 9 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1139 10 start start VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1139 11 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1139 12 become become VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1139 13 uncomfortable uncomfortable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1139 14 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1140 1 Moran Moran NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1140 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1140 3 2002 2002 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1140 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1140 5 suggests suggest VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1140 6 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1140 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1140 8 ideal ideal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1140 9 temperature temperature NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1140 10 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1140 11 relative relative JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1140 12 humidity humidity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1140 13 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1140 14 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1140 15 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1140 16 17 17 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1140 17 ºC ºC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1140 18 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1140 19 65 65 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1140 20 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1140 21 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1140 22 respectively respectively RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1140 23 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1141 1 However however RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1141 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1141 3 there there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1141 4 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1141 5 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1141 6 large large JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1141 7 number number NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1141 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1141 9 influencing influence VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1141 10 factors factor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1141 11 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1141 12 consider consider VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1141 13 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1141 14 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1141 15 alter alter VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1141 16 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1141 17 situation situation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1141 18 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1141 19 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1141 20 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1141 21 substantially substantially RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1141 22 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1142 1 Lower lower VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1142 2 critical critical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1142 3 temperatures temperature NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1142 4 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1142 5 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1142 6 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1142 7 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1142 8 calm calm JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1142 9 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1142 10 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1142 11 full full JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1142 12 feed feed NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1142 13 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1142 14 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1142 15 whether whether IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1142 16 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1142 17 stands stand VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1142 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1142 19 -3 -3 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1142 20 ºC ºC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1142 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1142 22 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1142 23 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1142 24 lying lie VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1142 25 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1142 26 dry dry JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1142 27 concrete concrete NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1142 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1142 29 -6 -6 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1142 30 ºC ºC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1142 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1142 32 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1142 33 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1142 34 dry dry JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1142 35 straw straw NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1142 36 (-8 (-8 -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1142 37 ºC ºC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1142 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1143 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1143 2 Thickett Thickett NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1143 3 et et FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1143 4 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1143 5 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1143 6 1990 1990 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1143 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1143 8 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1144 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1144 2 younger young JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1144 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1144 4 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1144 5 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1144 6 higher high JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1144 7 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1144 8 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1144 9 demand demand NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1144 10 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1144 11 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1144 12 thermal thermal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1144 13 environment environment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1144 14 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1145 1 By by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1145 2 1 1 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1145 3 week week NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1145 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1145 5 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1145 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1145 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1145 8 lower lower RBR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1145 9 critical critical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1145 10 temperature temperature NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1145 11 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1145 12 still still RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1145 13 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1145 14 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1145 15 approximately approximately RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1145 16 8 8 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1145 17 ºC ºC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1145 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1145 19 Webster Webster NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1145 20 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1145 21 1984 1984 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1145 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1145 23 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1146 1 This this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1146 2 temperature temperature NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1146 3 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1146 4 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1146 5 significantly significantly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1146 6 changed change VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1146 7 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1146 8 draught draught NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1146 9 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1146 10 wet wet JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1146 11 coat coat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1146 12 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1146 13 feeding feeding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1146 14 level level NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1146 15 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1147 1 Young young JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1147 2 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1147 3 start start VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1147 4 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1147 5 shiver shiver VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1147 6 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1147 7 8 8 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1147 8 ºC ºC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1147 9 when when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1147 10 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1147 11 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1147 12 exposed expose VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1147 13 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1147 14 draught draught VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1147 15 even even RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1147 16 if if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1147 17 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1147 18 coat coat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1147 19 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1147 20 dry dry JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1148 1 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1148 2 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1148 3 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1148 4 fed feed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1148 5 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1148 6 feed feed NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1148 7 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1149 1 When when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1149 2 fed feed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1149 3 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1149 4 maintenance maintenance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1149 5 only only RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1149 6 level level NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1149 7 shivering shivering NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1149 8 starts start VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1149 9 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1149 10 12 12 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1149 11 ºC. ºC. NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1150 1 If if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1150 2 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1150 3 coat coat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1150 4 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1150 5 wet wet JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1150 6 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1150 7 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1150 8 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1150 9 exposed expose VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1150 10 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1150 11 draught draught NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1150 12 shivering shivering NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1150 13 starts start NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1150 14 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1150 15 13 13 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1150 16 ºC ºC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1150 17 when when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1150 18 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1150 19 full full JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1150 20 feed feed NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1150 21 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1150 22 19 19 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1150 23 ºC ºC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1150 24 when when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1150 25 fed feed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1150 26 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1150 27 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1150 28 low low JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1150 29 level level NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1150 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1150 31 Moran Moran NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1150 32 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1150 33 2002 2002 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1150 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1150 35 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1151 1 No no DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1151 2 signs sign NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1151 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1151 4 shivering shiver VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1151 5 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1151 6 observed observe VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1151 7 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1151 8 3 3 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1151 9 ºC ºC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1151 10 when when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1151 11 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1151 12 coat coat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1151 13 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1151 14 dry dry JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1151 15 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1151 16 no no DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1151 17 draught draught NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1151 18 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1151 19 feeding feeding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1151 20 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1151 21 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1151 22 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1151 23 normal normal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1151 24 level level NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1151 25 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1152 1 Cold cold JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1152 2 stress stress NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1152 3 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1152 4 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1152 5 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1152 6 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1152 7 prevented prevent VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1152 8 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1152 9 providing provide VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1152 10 dry dry JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1152 11 lying lying NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1152 12 areas area NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1152 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1152 14 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1152 15 feeding feeding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1152 16 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1152 17 draught draught NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1152 18 free free JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1152 19 ventilation ventilation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1152 20 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1153 1 Dry dry JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1153 2 bedding bedding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1153 3 such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1153 4 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1153 5 straw straw NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1153 6 significantly significantly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1153 7 improves improve VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1153 8 thermal thermal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1153 9 comfort comfort NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1153 10 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1153 11 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1153 12 lying lie VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1153 13 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1153 14 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1154 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1154 2 summer summer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1154 3 situations situation NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1154 4 reduced reduce VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1154 5 feeding feeding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1154 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1154 7 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1154 8 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1154 9 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1154 10 water water NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1154 11 supply supply NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1154 12 ! ! . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1154 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1154 14 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1154 15 feeding feed VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1154 16 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1154 17 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1154 18 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1154 19 cooler cool JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1154 20 evening evening NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1154 21 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1154 22 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1154 23 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1154 24 reduced reduce VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1154 25 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1154 26 density density NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1154 27 per per IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1154 28 pen pen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1154 29 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1154 30 increased increase VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1154 31 ventilation ventilation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1154 32 rates rate NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1154 33 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1154 34 help help VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1154 35 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1154 36 lower lower VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1154 37 heat heat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1154 38 stress stress NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1154 39 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1155 1 Heat heat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1155 2 stress stress NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1155 3 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1155 4 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1155 5 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1155 6 reduced reduce VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1155 7 through through IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1155 8 constructing construct VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1155 9 sheds shed NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1155 10 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1155 11 insulated insulated JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1155 12 roofs roof NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1155 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1155 14 well well RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1155 15 ventilated ventilate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1155 16 walls wall NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1155 17 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1156 1 Calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1156 2 houses house NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1156 3 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1156 4 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1156 5 solid solid JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1156 6 wall wall NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1156 7 construction construction NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1156 8 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1156 9 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1156 10 high high JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1156 11 capacity capacity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1156 12 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1156 13 store store VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1156 14 energy energy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1156 15 combined combine VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1156 16 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1156 17 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1156 18 efficient efficient JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1156 19 ventilation ventilation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1156 20 system system NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1156 21 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1156 22 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1156 23 contribute contribute VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1156 24 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1156 25 create create VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1156 26 comfortable comfortable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1156 27 environmental environmental JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1156 28 temperatures temperature NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1156 29 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1156 30 young young JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1156 31 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1156 32 kept keep VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1156 33 indoors indoors RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1156 34 all all DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1156 35 year year NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1156 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1156 37 DIN DIN NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1156 38 18910 18910 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1156 39 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1156 40 2004 2004 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1156 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1156 42 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1157 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1157 2 preferred preferred JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1157 3 environmental environmental JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1157 4 temperature temperature NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1157 5 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1157 6 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1157 7 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1157 8 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1157 9 fixed fix VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1157 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1157 11 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1157 12 largely largely RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1157 13 depends depend VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1157 14 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1157 15 management management NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1157 16 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1157 17 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1157 18 environmental environmental JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1157 19 factors factor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1157 20 such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1157 21 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1157 22 wind wind NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1157 23 speed speed NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1157 24 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1157 25 humidity humidity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1157 26 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1157 27 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1157 28 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1157 29 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1158 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1158 2 generally generally RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1158 3 accepted accept VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1158 4 range range NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1158 5 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1158 6 relative relative JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1158 7 humidity humidity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1158 8 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1158 9 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1158 10 barns barn NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1158 11 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1158 12 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1158 13 60 60 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1158 14 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1158 15 80 80 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1158 16 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1158 17 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1158 18 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1158 19 optimum optimum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1158 20 around around IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1158 21 65 65 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1158 22 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1158 23 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1158 24 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1158 25 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1158 26 too too RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1158 27 humid humid JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1158 28 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1158 29 dissipate dissipate VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1158 30 excess excess JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1158 31 heat heat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1158 32 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1158 33 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1158 34 too too RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1158 35 dry dry JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1158 36 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1158 37 dry dry VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1158 38 out out RP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1158 39 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1158 40 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1158 41 pathways pathway NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1158 42 predisposing predispose VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1158 43 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1158 44 mucous mucous JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1158 45 membranes membrane NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1158 46 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1158 47 infectious infectious JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1158 48 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1158 49 noxious noxious JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1158 50 agents agent NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1158 51 present present JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1158 52 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1158 53 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1158 54 inhaled inhale VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1158 55 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1158 56 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1159 1 Air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1159 2 humidities humidity NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1159 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1159 4 more more JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1159 5 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1159 6 80 80 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1159 7 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1159 8 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1159 9 lead lead VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1159 10 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1159 11 condensation condensation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1159 12 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1159 13 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1159 14 walls wall NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1159 15 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1159 16 ceiling ceiling NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1159 17 increasing increase VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1159 18 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1159 19 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1159 20 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1159 21 wetting wet VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1159 22 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1159 23 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1159 24 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1159 25 water water NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1159 26 dripping drip VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1159 27 off off RP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1159 28 these these DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1159 29 surfaces surface NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1159 30 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1160 1 High high JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1160 2 relative relative JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1160 3 humidities humidity NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1160 4 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1160 5 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1160 6 impair impair VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1160 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1160 8 insulation insulation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1160 9 properties property NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1160 10 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1160 11 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1160 12 walls wall NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1160 13 increasing increase VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1160 14 heat heat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1160 15 losses loss NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1160 16 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1161 1 Cold cold JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1161 2 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1161 3 humid humid JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1161 4 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1161 5 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1161 6 high high JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1161 7 velocities velocity NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1161 8 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1161 9 considerably considerably RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1161 10 increase increase VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1161 11 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1161 12 heat heat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1161 13 loss loss NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1161 14 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1161 15 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1161 16 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1162 1 Lundborg Lundborg NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1162 2 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1162 3 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1162 4 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1163 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1163 2 2005 2005 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1163 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1163 4 showed show VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1163 5 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1163 6 draughts draught NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1163 7 greater great JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1163 8 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1163 9 0.5 0.5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1163 10 m m NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1163 11 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1163 12 s s NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1163 13 measured measure VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1163 14 close close RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1163 15 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1163 16 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1163 17 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1163 18 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1163 19 significantly significantly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1163 20 increased increase VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1163 21 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1163 22 odds odd NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1163 23 ratio ratio NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1163 24 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1163 25 moderate moderate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1163 26 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1163 27 severe severe JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1163 28 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1163 29 sounds sound NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1163 30 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1164 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1164 2 higher high JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1164 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1164 4 humidity humidity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1165 1 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1165 2 higher high JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1165 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1165 4 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1165 5 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1165 6 wet wet JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1165 7 skin skin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1165 8 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1165 9 cooling cooling NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1165 10 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1165 11 shivering shiver VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1165 12 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1166 1 High high JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1166 2 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1166 3 humidity humidity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1166 4 increases increase VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1166 5 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1166 6 probability probability NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1166 7 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1166 8 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1166 9 survive survive VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1166 10 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1166 11 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1166 12 airborne airborne JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1166 13 state state NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1166 14 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1166 15 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1166 16 transmitted transmit VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1166 17 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1166 18 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1166 19 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1166 20 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1166 21 same same JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1166 22 pen pen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1166 23 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1166 24 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1166 25 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1166 26 pens pen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1166 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1166 28 Wathes Wathes NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1166 29 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1166 30 1994 1994 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1166 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1166 32 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1167 1 There there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1167 2 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1167 3 existing exist VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1167 4 numerous numerous JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1167 5 reports report NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1167 6 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1167 7 1960s 1960 NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1167 8 onwards onwards RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1167 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1167 10 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1167 11 survival survival NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1167 12 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1167 13 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1167 14 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1167 15 viruses virus NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1167 16 employing employ VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1167 17 simple simple JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1167 18 regression regression NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1167 19 models model NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1167 20 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1167 21 describe describe VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1167 22 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1167 23 loss loss NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1167 24 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1167 25 viability viability NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1167 26 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1167 27 microbes microbe NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1167 28 over over IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1167 29 time time NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1167 30 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1168 1 However however RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1168 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1168 3 these these DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1168 4 models model NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1168 5 lack lack VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1168 6 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1168 7 insight insight NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1168 8 into into IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1168 9 biophysical biophysical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1168 10 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1168 11 biochemical biochemical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1168 12 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1168 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1168 14 cell cell NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1168 15 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1168 16 virus virus NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1168 17 death death NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1168 18 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1169 1 As as RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1169 2 long long RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1169 3 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1169 4 we -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1169 5 do do VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1169 6 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1169 7 understand understand VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1169 8 these these DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1169 9 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1169 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1169 11 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1169 12 measures measure NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1169 13 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1169 14 reduce reduce VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1169 15 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1169 16 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1169 17 pollutants pollutant NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1169 18 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1169 19 limited limit VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1169 20 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1169 21 either either CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1169 22 increased increase VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1169 23 ventilation ventilation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1169 24 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1169 25 increased increase VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1169 26 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1169 27 space space NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1169 28 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1170 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1170 2 smaller small JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1170 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1170 4 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1170 5 space space NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1170 6 per per IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1170 7 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1170 8 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1170 9 more more RBR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1170 10 sophisticated sophisticated JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1170 11 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1170 12 ventilation ventilation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1170 13 system system NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1170 14 must must MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1170 15 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1170 16 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1171 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1171 2 influence influence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1171 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1171 4 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1171 5 space space NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1171 6 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1171 7 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1171 8 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1171 9 Wathes Wathes NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1171 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1171 11 1994 1994 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1171 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1171 13 showing show VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1171 14 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1171 15 doubling doubling NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1171 16 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1171 17 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1171 18 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1171 19 space space NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1171 20 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1171 21 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1171 22 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1171 23 barn barn NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1171 24 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1171 25 6 6 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1171 26 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1171 27 12 12 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1171 28 m³ m³ NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1171 29 per per IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1171 30 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1171 31 had have VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1171 32 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1171 33 same same JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1171 34 effect effect NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1171 35 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1171 36 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1171 37 concentration concentration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1171 38 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1171 39 airborne airborne JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1171 40 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1171 41 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1171 42 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1171 43 six six CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1171 44 fold fold JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1171 45 increase increase NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1171 46 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1171 47 ventilation ventilation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1171 48 rate rate NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1171 49 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1171 50 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1171 51 exchange exchange NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1171 52 rate rate NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1171 53 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1171 54 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1172 1 An an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1172 2 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1172 3 space space NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1172 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1172 5 6 6 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1172 6 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1172 7 8 8 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1172 8 m³ m³ NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1172 9 per per IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1172 10 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1172 11 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1172 12 recommended recommend VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1172 13 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1172 14 Hilliger Hilliger NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1172 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1172 16 1990 1990 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1172 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1172 18 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1172 19 experience experience NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1172 20 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1173 1 9.6.2 9.6.2 LS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1173 2 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1174 1 Air Air NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1174 2 Quality Quality NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1174 3 Aerial Aerial NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1174 4 pollutants pollutant NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1174 5 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1174 6 confined confine VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1174 7 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1174 8 houses house NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1174 9 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1174 10 widely widely RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1174 11 recognised recognise VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1174 12 as as RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1174 13 detrimental detrimental JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1174 14 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1174 15 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1174 16 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1174 17 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1175 1 Primary primary JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1175 2 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1175 3 opportunistic opportunistic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1175 4 microbial microbial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1175 5 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1175 6 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1175 7 cause cause VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1175 8 directly directly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1175 9 infectious infectious JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1175 10 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1175 11 allergic allergic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1175 12 diseases disease NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1175 13 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1175 14 farm farm NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1175 15 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1175 16 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1175 17 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1175 18 chronic chronic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1175 19 exposure exposure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1175 20 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1175 21 some some DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1175 22 types type NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1175 23 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1175 24 aerial aerial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1175 25 pollutants pollutant NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1175 26 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1175 27 exacerbate exacerbate VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1175 28 multi multi JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1175 29 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1175 30 factorial factorial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1175 31 environmental environmental JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1175 32 diseases disease NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1175 33 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1175 34 such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1175 35 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1175 36 enzootic enzootic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1175 37 bronchopneumonia bronchopneumonia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1175 38 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1176 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1176 2 factors factor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1176 3 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1176 4 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1176 5 inadequate inadequate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1176 6 environmental environmental JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1176 7 conditions condition NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1176 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1176 9 e.g. e.g. RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1176 10 too too RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1176 11 low low JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1176 12 temperatures temperature NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1176 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1176 14 high high JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1176 15 ammonia ammonia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1176 16 concentrations concentration NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1176 17 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1176 18 poor poor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1176 19 ventilation ventilation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1176 20 resulting result VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1176 21 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1176 22 low low JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1176 23 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1176 24 quality quality NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1176 25 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1177 1 Poor poor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1177 2 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1177 3 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1177 4 surface surface NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1177 5 hygiene hygiene NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1177 6 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1177 7 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1177 8 buildings building NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1177 9 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1177 10 nearly nearly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1177 11 always always RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1177 12 associated associate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1177 13 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1177 14 intensive intensive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1177 15 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1177 16 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1177 17 husbandry husbandry NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1177 18 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1177 19 poor poor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1177 20 standards standard NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1177 21 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1177 22 management management NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1177 23 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1177 24 high high JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1177 25 stocking stocking NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1177 26 densities density NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1177 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1178 1 Wathes Wathes NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1178 2 1994 1994 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1178 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1178 4 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1179 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1179 2 most most RBS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1179 3 common common JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1179 4 aerial aerial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1179 5 pollutants pollutant NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1179 6 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1179 7 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1179 8 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1179 9 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1179 10 summarised summarise VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1179 11 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1179 12 Table Table NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1179 13 9 9 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1179 14 .1 .1 NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1179 15 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1180 1 Gases gas NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1180 2 such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1180 3 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1180 4 ammonia ammonia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1180 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1180 6 NH NH NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1180 7 3 3 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1180 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1180 9 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1180 10 hydrogen hydrogen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1180 11 sulphide sulphide NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1180 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1180 13 H h NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1180 14 2 2 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1180 15 S S NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1180 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1180 17 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1180 18 carbon carbon NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1180 19 dioxide dioxide NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1180 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1180 21 CO CO NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1180 22 2 2 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1180 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1180 24 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1180 25 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1180 26 more more JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1180 27 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1180 28 hundred hundred CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1180 29 trace trace NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1180 30 gases gas NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1180 31 form form VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1180 32 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1180 33 airborne airborne JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1180 34 mixture mixture NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1180 35 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1180 36 bioaerosols bioaerosol NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1180 37 composed compose VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1180 38 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1180 39 about about RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1180 40 90 90 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1180 41 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1180 42 organic organic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1180 43 compounds compound NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1180 44 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1180 45 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1180 46 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1180 47 contain contain VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1180 48 endotoxin endotoxin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1180 49 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1180 50 antibiotic antibiotic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1180 51 residues residue NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1180 52 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1180 53 further further JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1180 54 trace trace NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1180 55 components component NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1180 56 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1181 1 Significantly significantly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1181 2 high high JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1181 3 amounts amount NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1181 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1181 5 endotoxins endotoxin NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1181 6 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1181 7 found find VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1181 8 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1181 9 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1181 10 house house NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1181 11 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1181 12 while while IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1181 13 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1181 14 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1181 15 dust dust NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1181 16 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1181 17 relatively relatively RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1181 18 low low JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1181 19 compared compare VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1181 20 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1181 21 pig pig NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1181 22 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1181 23 poultry poultry NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1181 24 houses house NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1181 25 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1181 26 suggest suggest VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1181 27 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1181 28 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1181 29 high high JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1181 30 number number NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1181 31 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1181 32 Gram gram NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1181 33 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1181 34 negative negative JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1181 35 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1181 36 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1181 37 present present JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1181 38 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1181 39 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1181 40 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1181 41 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1182 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1182 2 average average JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1182 3 concentration concentration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1182 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1182 5 64 64 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1182 6 ng ng NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1182 7 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1182 8 m³ m³ NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1182 9 endotoxin endotoxin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1182 10 given give VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1182 11 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1182 12 Table Table NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1182 13 9 9 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1182 14 .1 .1 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1182 15 represents represent VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1182 16 about about RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1182 17 640 640 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1182 18 EU EU NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1182 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1182 20 endotoxin endotoxin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1182 21 units unit NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1182 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1182 23 according accord VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1182 24 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1182 25 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1182 26 new new JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1182 27 nomenclature nomenclature NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1182 28 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1183 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1183 2 seems seem VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1183 3 rather rather RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1183 4 high high JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1183 5 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1183 6 comparison comparison NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1183 7 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1183 8 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1183 9 formerly formerly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1183 10 proposed propose VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1183 11 occupational occupational JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1183 12 threshold threshold NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1183 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1183 14 50 50 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1183 15 EU EU NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1183 16 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1183 17 humans human NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1183 18 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1183 19 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1183 20 work work NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1183 21 place place NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1183 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1183 23 Rylander Rylander NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1183 24 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1183 25 Jacobs Jacobs NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1183 26 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1183 27 1997 1997 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1183 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1183 29 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1184 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1184 2 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1184 3 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1184 4 assumed assume VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1184 5 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1184 6 high high JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1184 7 endotoxin endotoxin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1184 8 concentrations concentration NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1184 9 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1184 10 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1184 11 house house NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1184 12 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1184 13 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1184 14 substantially substantially RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1184 15 contribute contribute VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1184 16 together together RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1184 17 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1184 18 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1184 19 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1184 20 bioaerosol bioaerosol NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1184 21 compounds compound NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1184 22 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1184 23 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1184 24 physical physical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1184 25 environment environment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1184 26 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1184 27 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1184 28 high high JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1184 29 level level NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1184 30 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1184 31 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1184 32 disorders disorder NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1184 33 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1184 34 young young JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1184 35 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1184 36 up up IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1184 37 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1184 38 105 105 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1184 39 days day NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1185 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1185 2 Assie Assie NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1185 3 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1185 4 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1185 5 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1185 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1185 7 2004 2004 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1185 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1185 9 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1186 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1186 2 general general JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1186 3 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1186 4 there there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1186 5 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1186 6 little little JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1186 7 detailed detailed JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1186 8 knowledge knowledge NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1186 9 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1186 10 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1186 11 specific specific JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1186 12 composition composition NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1186 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1186 14 bioaerosols bioaerosol NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1186 15 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1186 16 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1186 17 keeping keep VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1186 18 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1186 19 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1186 20 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1186 21 factors factor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1186 22 cause cause VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1186 23 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1186 24 diseases disease NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1186 25 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1187 1 Assie Assie NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1187 2 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1187 3 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1187 4 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1188 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1188 2 2004 2004 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1188 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1188 4 found find VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1188 5 e.g. e.g. RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1188 6 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1188 7 tendency tendency NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1188 8 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1188 9 higher high JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1188 10 repiratory repiratory NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1188 11 disorders disorder NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1188 12 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1188 13 non non JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1188 14 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1188 15 weaned weaned JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1188 16 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1188 17 reared rear VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1188 18 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1188 19 loose loose JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1188 20 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1188 21 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1188 22 yards yard NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1188 23 compared compare VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1188 24 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1188 25 tied tie VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1188 26 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1188 27 cow cow NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1188 28 stalls stall NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1188 29 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1189 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1189 2 highest high JJS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1189 3 incidence incidence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1189 4 rates rate NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1189 5 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1189 6 cases case NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1189 7 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1189 8 observed observe VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1189 9 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1189 10 November November NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1189 11 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1189 12 January January NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1189 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1189 14 while while IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1189 15 daily daily JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1189 16 meteorological meteorological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1189 17 conditions condition NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1189 18 obviously obviously RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1189 19 did do VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1189 20 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1189 21 influence influence VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1189 22 incidence incidence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1189 23 rates rate NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1189 24 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1190 1 One one CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1190 2 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1190 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1190 4 most most RBS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1190 5 detrimental detrimental JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1190 6 gases gas NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1190 7 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1190 8 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1190 9 barns barn NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1190 10 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1190 11 ammonia ammonia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1190 12 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1190 13 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1190 14 formed form VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1190 15 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1190 16 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1190 17 degradation degradation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1190 18 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1190 19 nitrogen nitrogen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1190 20 containing contain VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1190 21 compounds compound NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1190 22 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1190 23 urine urine NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1190 24 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1190 25 faeces faece NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1190 26 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1191 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1191 2 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1191 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1191 4 most most RBS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1191 5 widespread widespread JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1191 6 naturally naturally RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1191 7 occurring occur VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1191 8 alkaline alkaline JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1191 9 gas gas NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1191 10 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1191 11 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1191 12 atmosphere atmosphere NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1191 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1191 14 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1191 15 strong strong JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1191 16 irritant irritant NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1191 17 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1191 18 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1191 19 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1191 20 humans human NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1191 21 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1192 1 Concentrations concentration NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1192 2 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1192 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1192 4 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1192 5 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1192 6 more more JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1192 7 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1192 8 20 20 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1192 9 ppm ppm NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1192 10 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1192 11 impair impair VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1192 12 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1192 13 proper proper JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1192 14 functioning functioning NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1192 15 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1192 16 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1192 17 mucous mucous JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1192 18 membranes membrane NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1192 19 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1192 20 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1192 21 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1192 22 tract tract NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1192 23 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1192 24 predispose predispose VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1192 25 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1192 26 infection infection NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1192 27 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1193 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1193 2 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1193 3 recent recent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1193 4 study study NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1193 5 Lundborg Lundborg NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1193 6 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1193 7 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1193 8 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1194 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1194 2 2005 2005 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1194 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1194 4 found find VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1194 5 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1194 6 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1194 7 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1194 8 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1194 9 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1194 10 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1194 11 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1194 12 significantly significantly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1194 13 associated associate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1194 14 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1194 15 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1194 16 ammonia ammonia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1194 17 concentration concentration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1194 18 below below IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1194 19 6 6 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1194 20 ppm ppm NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1194 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1194 22 OR or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1194 23 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1194 24 0.42 0.42 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1194 25 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1194 26 p<0.05 p<0.05 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1194 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1194 28 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1195 1 High high JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1195 2 concentrations concentration NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1195 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1195 4 hydrogen hydrogen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1195 5 suphide suphide NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1195 6 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1195 7 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1195 8 released release VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1195 9 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1195 10 high high JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1195 11 amounts amount NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1195 12 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1195 13 stored store VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1195 14 liquid liquid JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1195 15 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1195 16 manure manure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1195 17 when when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1195 18 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1195 19 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1195 20 stirred stir VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1195 21 up up RP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1195 22 before before IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1195 23 removal removal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1195 24 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1195 25 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1195 26 slurry slurry NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1195 27 pit pit NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1195 28 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1195 29 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1195 30 barn barn NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1195 31 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1196 1 Concentrations concentration NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1196 2 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1196 3 about about RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1196 4 700 700 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1196 5 ppm ppm NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1196 6 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1196 7 acute acute JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1196 8 fatal fatal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1196 9 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1197 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1197 2 composition composition NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1197 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1197 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1197 5 inhalable inhalable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1197 6 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1197 7 respirable respirable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1197 8 particles particle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1197 9 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1197 10 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1197 11 houses house NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1197 12 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1197 13 associated associate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1197 14 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1197 15 compounds compound NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1197 16 such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1197 17 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1197 18 dried dry VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1197 19 dung dung NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1197 20 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1197 21 urine urine NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1197 22 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1197 23 skin skin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1197 24 dander dander NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1197 25 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1197 26 undigested undigested JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1197 27 feed feed NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1197 28 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1198 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1198 2 majority majority NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1198 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1198 4 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1198 5 found find VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1198 6 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1198 7 shed shed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1198 8 airspace airspace NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1198 9 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1198 10 been be VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1198 11 identified identify VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1198 12 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1198 13 gram gram NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1198 14 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1198 15 positive positive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1198 16 organisms organism NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1198 17 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1198 18 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1198 19 staphylococci staphylococcus NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1198 20 spp spp NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1198 21 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1199 1 predominating predominate VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1200 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1200 2 Cargill Cargill NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1200 3 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1200 4 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1200 5 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1200 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1200 7 1998 1998 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1200 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1200 9 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1201 1 A a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1201 2 survey survey NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1201 3 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1201 4 Heinrichs Heinrichs NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1201 5 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1201 6 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1201 7 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1202 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1202 2 1994 1994 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1202 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1202 4 showed show VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1202 5 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1202 6 importance importance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1202 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1202 8 good good JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1202 9 ventilation ventilation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1202 10 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1202 11 removes remove VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1202 12 dust dust NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1202 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1202 14 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1202 15 respirable respirable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1202 16 particles particle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1202 17 as as RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1202 18 well well RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1202 19 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1202 20 noxious noxious JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1202 21 gases gas NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1202 22 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1202 23 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1202 24 essential essential JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1202 25 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1202 26 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1202 27 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1202 28 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1203 1 Adequate adequate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1203 2 ventilation ventilation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1203 3 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1203 4 seen see VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1203 5 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1203 6 vital vital JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1203 7 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1203 8 help help VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1203 9 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1203 10 reduce reduce VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1203 11 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1203 12 incidence incidence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1203 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1203 14 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1203 15 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1203 16 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1204 1 Air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1204 2 inlets inlet NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1204 3 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1204 4 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1204 5 above above IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1204 6 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1204 7 height height NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1204 8 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1204 9 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1204 10 outlet outlet NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1204 11 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1204 12 least least JJS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1204 13 1.5 1.5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1204 14 m m NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1204 15 above above IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1204 16 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1204 17 inlet inlet NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1205 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1205 2 Howard Howard NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1205 3 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1205 4 2003 2003 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1205 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1205 6 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1206 1 However however RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1206 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1206 3 heating heating NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1206 4 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1206 5 ventilation ventilation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1206 6 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1206 7 combination combination NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1206 8 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1206 9 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1206 10 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1206 11 filtration filtration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1206 12 system system NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1206 13 significantly significantly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1206 14 improved improve VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1206 15 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1206 16 environment environment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1206 17 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1206 18 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1206 19 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1206 20 house house NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1206 21 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1206 22 did do VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1206 23 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1206 24 completely completely RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1206 25 eliminate eliminate VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1206 26 pneumonia pneumonia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1206 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1206 28 Bantle Bantle NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1206 29 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1206 30 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1206 31 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1206 32 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1206 33 1994 1994 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1206 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1206 35 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1207 1 This this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1207 2 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1207 3 have have VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1207 4 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1207 5 do do VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1207 6 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1207 7 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1207 8 factors factor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1207 9 such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1207 10 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1207 11 ambient ambient JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1207 12 temperature temperature NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1207 13 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1208 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1208 2 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1208 3 recent recent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1208 4 study study NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1208 5 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1208 6 Reinhold Reinhold NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1208 7 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1208 8 Elmer Elmer NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1208 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1208 10 2002 2002 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1208 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1209 1 some some DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1209 2 compromise compromise NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1209 3 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1209 4 lung lung NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1209 5 function function NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1209 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1209 7 compared compare VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1209 8 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1209 9 controls control NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1209 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1209 11 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1209 12 seen see VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1209 13 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1209 14 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1209 15 exposed expose VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1209 16 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1209 17 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1209 18 ambient ambient JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1209 19 temperature temperature NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1209 20 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1209 21 5 5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1209 22 ºC. ºC. NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1209 23 9.6.2.3 9.6.2.3 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1209 24 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1210 1 Light light NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 2 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 3 past past NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 4 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 5 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 6 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 7 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 8 often often RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 9 kept keep VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 10 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 11 dark dark NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 12 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 13 reduce reduce VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 14 muscle muscle NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 15 activity activity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 16 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 17 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 18 requirements requirement NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 19 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 20 light light NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 21 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 22 increased increase VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 23 over over IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 24 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 25 last last JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 26 20 20 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 27 years year NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 28 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 29 15 15 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 30 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 31 20 20 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 32 lux lux NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 34 Bogner Bogner NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 35 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 36 Grauvogel Grauvogel NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 37 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 38 1984 1984 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 40 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 41 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 42 over over IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 43 20 20 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 44 lux lux NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 46 IRPS IRPS NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 47 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 48 1985 1985 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 50 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 51 80 80 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 52 lux lux NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 53 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 54 at at RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 55 least least JJS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 56 10 10 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 57 h h NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 58 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 59 according accord VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 60 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 61 daylight daylight NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 62 circadian circadian NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 63 rhythm rhythm NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1211 64 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1212 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1212 2 Tierschutz Tierschutz NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1212 3 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1212 4 Nutztierhaltungsverordnung Nutztierhaltungsverordnung NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1212 5 Germany Germany NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1212 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1212 7 2001 2001 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1212 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1212 9 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1213 1 There there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1213 2 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1213 3 wide wide JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1213 4 agreement agreement NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1213 5 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1213 6 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1213 7 need need VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1213 8 light light NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1213 9 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1213 10 orientation orientation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1213 11 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1213 12 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1213 13 boxes box NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1213 14 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1213 15 pens pen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1213 16 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1213 17 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1213 18 social social JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1213 19 contact contact NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1213 20 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1214 1 A a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1214 2 precise precise JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1214 3 threshold threshold NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1214 4 has have VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1214 5 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1214 6 been be VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1214 7 determined determine VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1214 8 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1215 1 There there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1215 2 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1215 3 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1215 4 need need NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1215 5 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1215 6 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1215 7 movement movement NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1215 8 around around IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1215 9 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1215 10 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1215 11 supply supply VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1215 12 fresh fresh JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1215 13 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1215 14 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1215 15 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1215 16 remove remove VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1215 17 excessive excessive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1215 18 heat heat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1215 19 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1215 20 moisture moisture NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1215 21 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1215 22 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1215 23 pollutants pollutant NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1215 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1215 25 gases gas NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1215 26 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1215 27 dust dust NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1215 28 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1215 29 microorganisms microorganism NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1215 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1215 31 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1216 1 Good good JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1216 2 ventilation ventilation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1216 3 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1216 4 provide provide VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1216 5 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1216 6 exchange exchange NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1216 7 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1217 1 However however RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1217 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1217 3 high high JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1217 4 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1217 5 speeds speed VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1217 6 close close RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1217 7 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1217 8 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1217 9 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1217 10 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1217 11 lead lead VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1217 12 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1217 13 draughts draught NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1217 14 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1217 15 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1217 16 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1217 17 avoided avoid VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1217 18 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1218 1 Draughts draught NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1218 2 happen happen VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1218 3 when when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1218 4 part part NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1218 5 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1218 6 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1218 7 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1218 8 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1218 9 hit hit VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1218 10 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1218 11 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1218 12 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1218 13 stream stream NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1218 14 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1218 15 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1218 16 higher high JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1218 17 velocity velocity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1218 18 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1218 19 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1218 20 ambient ambient JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1218 21 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1218 22 movement movement NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1218 23 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1218 24 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1218 25 has have VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1218 26 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1218 27 substantially substantially RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1218 28 lower low JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1218 29 temperature temperature NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1218 30 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1218 31 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1218 32 surrounding surround VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1218 33 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1218 34 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1218 35 causing cause VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1218 36 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1218 37 feeling feeling NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1218 38 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1218 39 cold cold JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1218 40 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1218 41 physiological physiological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1218 42 reaction reaction NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1218 43 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1218 44 that that DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1218 45 particular particular JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1218 46 part part NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1218 47 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1218 48 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1218 49 body body NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1218 50 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1219 1 Draught draught NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1219 2 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1219 3 lead lead VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1219 4 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1219 5 poor poor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1219 6 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1219 7 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1219 8 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1219 9 when when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1219 10 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1219 11 continues continue VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1219 12 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1219 13 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1219 14 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1219 15 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1219 16 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1219 17 escape escape VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1219 18 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1219 19 e.g. e.g. RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1219 20 when when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1219 21 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1219 22 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1219 23 tethered tether VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1219 24 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1220 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1220 2 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1220 3 generally generally RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1220 4 recommended recommend VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1220 5 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1220 6 wind wind NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1220 7 speeds speed VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1220 8 around around IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1220 9 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1220 10 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1220 11 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1220 12 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1220 13 0.1 0.1 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1220 14 m m NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1220 15 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1220 16 s s NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1220 17 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1220 18 winter winter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1220 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1220 20 least least JJS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1220 21 value value NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1220 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1220 23 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1220 24 about about RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1220 25 0.6 0.6 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1220 26 m m NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1220 27 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1220 28 s s NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1220 29 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1220 30 summer summer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1220 31 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1221 1 These these DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1221 2 values value NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1221 3 strongly strongly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1221 4 depend depend VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1221 5 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1221 6 relative relative JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1221 7 humidity humidity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1221 8 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1221 9 temperature temperature NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1221 10 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1221 11 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1221 12 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1221 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1221 14 whether whether IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1221 15 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1221 16 skin skin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1221 17 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1221 18 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1221 19 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1221 20 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1221 21 dry dry JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1221 22 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1221 23 wet wet JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1221 24 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1221 25 full full JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1221 26 fleece fleece NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1221 27 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1221 28 shorn shorn VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1221 29 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1222 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1222 2 confined confine VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1222 3 buildings building NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1222 4 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1222 5 complex complex JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1222 6 relationship relationship NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1222 7 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1222 8 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1222 9 various various JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1222 10 factors factor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1222 11 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1222 12 strongly strongly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1222 13 influenced influence VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1222 14 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1222 15 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1222 16 ventilation ventilation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1222 17 system system NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1222 18 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1222 19 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1222 20 ventilation ventilation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1222 21 rate rate NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1222 22 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1222 23 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1222 24 necessary necessary JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1222 25 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1222 26 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1222 27 number number NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1222 28 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1222 29 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1222 30 kept keep VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1222 31 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1222 32 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1222 33 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1222 34 house house NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1222 35 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1223 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1223 2 seem seem VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1223 3 useful useful JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1223 4 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1223 5 develop develop VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1223 6 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1223 7 more more RBR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1223 8 comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1223 9 model model NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1223 10 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1223 11 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1223 12 interaction interaction NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1223 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1223 14 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1223 15 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1223 16 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1223 17 quality quality NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1223 18 compounds compound NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1223 19 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1223 20 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1223 21 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1223 22 exchange exchange NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1223 23 rate rate NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1223 24 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1223 25 improve improve VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1223 26 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1223 27 understanding understanding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1223 28 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1223 29 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1223 30 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1223 31 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1223 32 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1223 33 impacts impact NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1223 34 arising arise VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1223 35 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1223 36 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1223 37 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1223 38 environment environment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1223 39 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1224 1 9.6.3 9.6.3 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1224 2 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1225 1 Ventilation Ventilation NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1225 2 Ventilation Ventilation NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1225 3 plays play VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1225 4 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1225 5 essential essential JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1225 6 role role NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1225 7 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1225 8 improving improve VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1225 9 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1225 10 quality quality NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1225 11 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1225 12 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1225 13 barns barn NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1225 14 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1226 1 This this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1226 2 applies apply VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1226 3 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1226 4 free free VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1226 5 ventilated ventilate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1226 6 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1226 7 forced force VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1226 8 ventilated ventilated JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1226 9 houses house NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1226 10 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1227 1 Calculations calculation NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1227 2 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1227 3 ventilation ventilation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1227 4 rates rate NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1227 5 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1227 6 usually usually RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1227 7 based base VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1227 8 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1227 9 heat heat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1227 10 removal removal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1227 11 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1227 12 summer summer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1227 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1227 14 moisture moisture NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1227 15 removal removal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1227 16 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1227 17 winter winter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1227 18 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1227 19 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1227 20 give give VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1227 21 some some DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1227 22 guideline guideline NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1227 23 temperatures temperature NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1227 24 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1227 25 humidities humidity NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1227 26 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1227 27 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1227 28 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1227 29 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1227 30 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1227 31 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1227 32 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1227 33 exceeded exceed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1227 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1227 35 e.g. e.g. RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1227 36 CIGR CIGR NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1227 37 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1227 38 1994 1994 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1227 39 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1227 40 DIN DIN NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1227 41 18910 18910 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1227 42 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1227 43 2004 2004 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1227 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1227 45 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1228 1 Ventilation ventilation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1228 2 rates rate NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1228 3 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1228 4 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1228 5 barns barn NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1228 6 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1228 7 only only RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1228 8 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1228 9 calculated calculate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1228 10 satisfactorily satisfactorily RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1228 11 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1228 12 confined confine VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1228 13 buildings building NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1228 14 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1229 1 Minimum minimum JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1229 2 ventilation ventilation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1229 3 rates rate NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1229 4 around around IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1229 5 10 10 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1229 6 m³ m³ NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1229 7 per per IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1229 8 100 100 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1229 9 kg kg NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1229 10 live live JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1229 11 weight weight NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1229 12 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1229 13 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1229 14 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1229 15 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1229 16 keep keep VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1229 17 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1229 18 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1229 19 quality quality NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1229 20 within within IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1229 21 acceptable acceptable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1229 22 limits limit NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1229 23 if if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1229 24 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1229 25 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1229 26 distribution distribution NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1229 27 system system NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1229 28 ensures ensure VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1229 29 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1229 30 even even JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1229 31 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1229 32 exchange exchange NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1229 33 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1229 34 all all DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1229 35 parts part NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1229 36 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1229 37 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1229 38 building building NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1229 39 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1230 1 Such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1230 2 guidelines guideline NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1230 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1230 4 CIGR CIGR NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1230 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1230 6 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1230 7 Norms norm NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1230 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1230 9 DIN DIN NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1230 10 18910 18910 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1230 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1230 12 2004 2004 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1230 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1230 14 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1230 15 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1230 16 guarantee guarantee VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1230 17 healthy healthy JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1230 18 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1230 19 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1230 20 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1230 21 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1230 22 substantially substantially RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1230 23 help help VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1230 24 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1230 25 designing design VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1230 26 confined confine VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1230 27 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1230 28 houses house NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1230 29 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1231 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1231 2 seems seem VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1231 3 useful useful JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1231 4 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1231 5 standardise standardise VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1231 6 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1231 7 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1231 8 quality quality NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1231 9 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1231 10 ventilation ventilation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1231 11 requirements requirement NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1231 12 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1231 13 confined confine VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1231 14 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1231 15 houses house NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1231 16 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1231 17 Europe Europe NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1231 18 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1231 19 order order NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1231 20 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1231 21 reduce reduce VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1231 22 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1231 23 disorders disorder NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1231 24 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1231 25 suffering suffer VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1231 26 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1231 27 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1231 28 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1231 29 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1231 30 economic economic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1231 31 losses loss NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1231 32 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1231 33 _SP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1232 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1232 2 1995 1995 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1232 3 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1232 4 highlights highlight VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1232 5 two two CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1232 6 aspects aspect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1232 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1232 8 human human NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1232 9 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1232 10 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1232 11 relationships relationship NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1232 12 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1232 13 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1232 14 skills skill NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1232 15 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1232 16 motivations motivation NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1232 17 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1232 18 caretakers caretaker NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1232 19 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1232 20 raise raise VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1232 21 healthy healthy JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1232 22 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1232 23 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1232 24 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1232 25 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1232 26 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1232 27 particular particular JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1232 28 importance importance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1232 29 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1232 30 indoor indoor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1232 31 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1232 32 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1232 33 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1232 34 large large JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1232 35 groups group NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1232 36 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1232 37 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1232 38 linked link VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1232 39 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1232 40 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1232 41 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1232 42 status status NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1232 43 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1232 44 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1232 45 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1232 46 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1232 47 physical physical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1232 48 contacts contact NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1232 49 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1232 50 caretakers caretaker NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1232 51 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1232 52 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1232 53 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1232 54 improve improve VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1232 55 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1232 56 reactions reaction NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1232 57 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1232 58 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1232 59 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1232 60 humans human NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1232 61 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1233 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1233 2 recommends recommend VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1233 3 careful careful JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1233 4 monitoring monitoring NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1233 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1233 6 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1233 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1233 8 same same JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1233 9 person person NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1233 10 throughout throughout IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1233 11 rearing rear VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1233 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1233 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1233 14 careful careful JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1233 15 handling handling NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1233 16 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1233 17 habituate habituate VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1233 18 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1233 19 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1233 20 human human JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1233 21 contacts contact NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1233 22 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1234 1 Recent recent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1234 2 studies study NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1234 3 confirmed confirm VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1234 4 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1234 5 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1234 6 stockpersons stockperson NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1234 7 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1234 8 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1234 9 great great JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1234 10 impact impact NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1234 11 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1234 12 both both CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1234 13 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1234 14 productivity productivity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1234 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1234 16 e.g. e.g. IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1234 17 growth growth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1234 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1234 19 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1234 20 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1234 21 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1234 22 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1234 23 farm farm NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1234 24 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1234 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1234 26 stress stress NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1234 27 responses response NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1234 28 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1234 29 fear fear VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1234 30 reactions reaction NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1234 31 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1234 32 handling handling NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1234 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1235 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1235 2 Boivin Boivin NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1235 3 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1235 4 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1235 5 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1235 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1235 7 2003 2003 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1235 8 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1235 9 reviewed review VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1235 10 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1235 11 Hemsworth Hemsworth NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1235 12 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1235 13 Coleman Coleman NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1235 14 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1235 15 1998 1998 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1235 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1235 17 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1236 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1236 2 effect effect NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1236 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1236 4 stockmanship stockmanship NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1236 5 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1236 6 two two CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1236 7 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1236 8 fold fold RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1236 9 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1237 1 good good JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1237 2 stockmanship stockmanship NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1237 3 leads lead VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1237 4 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1237 5 healthy healthy JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1237 6 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1237 7 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1237 8 less less RBR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1237 9 stressful stressful JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1237 10 human human JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1237 11 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1237 12 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1237 13 interactions interaction NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1237 14 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1238 1 Stockman Stockman NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1238 2 skills skill NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1238 3 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1238 4 associated associate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1238 5 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1238 6 positive positive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1238 7 attitudes attitude NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1238 8 towards towards IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1238 9 work work NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1238 10 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1238 11 towards towards IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1238 12 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1238 13 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1239 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1239 2 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1239 3 production production NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1239 4 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1239 5 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1239 6 better well JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1239 7 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1239 8 status status NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1239 9 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1239 10 observed observe VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1239 11 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1239 12 farms farm NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1239 13 where where WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1239 14 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1239 15 caretaker caretaker NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1239 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1239 17 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1239 18 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1239 19 owner owner NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1239 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1239 21 believes believe VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1239 22 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1239 23 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1239 24 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1239 25 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1239 26 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1240 1 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1240 2 he -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1240 3 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1240 4 she -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1240 5 has have VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1240 6 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1240 7 positive positive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1240 8 attitude attitude NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1240 9 towards towards IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1240 10 farming farming NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1240 11 tasks task NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1240 12 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1240 13 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1240 14 production production NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1241 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1241 2 Lensink Lensink NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1241 3 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1241 4 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1241 5 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1242 1 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1242 2 2001b 2001b CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1242 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1242 4 Contacts contact NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1242 5 given give VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1242 6 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1242 7 stockpersons stockperson NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1242 8 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1242 9 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1242 10 depend depend VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1242 11 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1242 12 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1242 13 human human JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1242 14 attitudes attitude NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1242 15 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1243 1 Stockmen stockman NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1243 2 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1243 3 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1243 4 positive positive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1243 5 towards towards IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1243 6 gentle gentle JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1243 7 contacts contact NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1243 8 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1243 9 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1243 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1243 11 e.g. e.g. RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1243 12 stroking stroke VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1243 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1243 14 talking talk VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1243 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1243 16 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1243 17 more more RBR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1243 18 likely likely JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1243 19 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1243 20 provide provide VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1243 21 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1243 22 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1243 23 such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1243 24 contacts contact NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1243 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1243 26 Lensink Lensink NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1243 27 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1243 28 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1243 29 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1243 30 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1243 31 2000a 2000a CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1243 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1243 33 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1244 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1244 2 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1244 3 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1244 4 only only RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1244 5 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1244 6 duration duration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1244 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1244 8 contact contact NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1244 9 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1244 10 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1244 11 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1244 12 nature nature NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1244 13 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1244 14 plays play VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1244 15 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1244 16 role role NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1244 17 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1245 1 Gentle gentle JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1245 2 contacts contact NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1245 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1245 4 e.g. e.g. RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1245 5 stroking stroke VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1245 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1245 7 talking talk VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1245 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1245 9 letting let VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1245 10 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1245 11 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1245 12 suck suck VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1245 13 fingers finger NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1245 14 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1245 15 offering offer VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1245 16 food food NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1245 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1245 18 lead lead NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1245 19 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1245 20 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1245 21 approaching approach VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1245 22 humans human NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1245 23 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1245 24 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1245 25 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1245 26 less less JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1245 27 fear fear NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1245 28 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1245 29 handling handle VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1245 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1245 31 Boivin Boivin NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1245 32 et et FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1245 33 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1245 34 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1246 1 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1246 2 1998 1998 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1246 3 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1246 4 Jago Jago NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1246 5 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1246 6 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1246 7 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1246 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1246 9 1999 1999 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1246 10 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1246 11 Lensink Lensink NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1246 12 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1246 13 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1246 14 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1246 15 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1246 16 2000b 2000b CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1246 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1246 18 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1247 1 Whereas whereas IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1247 2 rough rough JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1247 3 contacts contact NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1247 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1247 5 e.g. e.g. RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1247 6 hitting hit VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1247 7 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1247 8 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1247 9 stick stick NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1247 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1247 11 use use NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1247 12 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1247 13 nose nose NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1247 14 tongs tong NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1247 15 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1247 16 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1247 17 electric electric JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1247 18 prod prod NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1247 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1247 20 lead lead NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1247 21 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1247 22 fear fear VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1247 23 reactions reaction NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1247 24 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1247 25 presence presence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1247 26 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1247 27 humans human NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1247 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1247 29 Rushen Rushen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1247 30 et et FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1247 31 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1247 32 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1247 33 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1247 34 1999 1999 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1247 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1247 36 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1248 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1248 2 electric electric JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1248 3 prod prod NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1248 4 seems seem VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1248 5 particularly particularly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1248 6 stressful stressful JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1248 7 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1248 8 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1248 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1248 10 Croney Croney NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1248 11 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1248 12 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1248 13 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1248 14 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1248 15 2000 2000 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1248 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1248 17 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1248 18 noises noise NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1248 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1248 20 metal metal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1248 21 clanging clanging NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1248 22 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1248 23 shouts shout NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1248 24 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1248 25 humans human NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1248 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1248 27 will will MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1248 28 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1248 29 increase increase VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1248 30 stress stress NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1248 31 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1248 32 handling handle VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1248 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1248 34 Waynert Waynert NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1248 35 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1248 36 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1248 37 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1248 38 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1248 39 1999 1999 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1248 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1248 41 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1249 1 During during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1249 2 transport transport NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1249 3 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1249 4 slaughter slaughter VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1249 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1249 6 less less JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1249 7 fear fear VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1249 8 responses response NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1249 9 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1249 10 handling handle VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1249 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1249 12 e.g. e.g. RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1249 13 due due JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1249 14 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1249 15 regular regular JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1249 16 previous previous JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1249 17 experience experience NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1249 18 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1249 19 gentle gentle JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1249 20 contact contact NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1249 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1249 22 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1249 23 only only RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1249 24 improves improve VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1249 25 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1249 26 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1249 27 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1249 28 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1249 29 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1249 30 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1249 31 improves improve VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1249 32 meat meat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1249 33 quality quality NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1249 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1249 35 lower low JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1249 36 pH ph NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1249 37 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1249 38 lighter light JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1249 39 colour colour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1249 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1250 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1250 2 Lensink Lensink NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1250 3 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1250 4 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1250 5 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1250 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1250 7 2000c 2000c CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1250 8 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1251 1 Lensink Lensink NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1251 2 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1251 3 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1251 4 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1251 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1251 6 2001a 2001a CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1251 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1251 8 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1252 1 Cattle Cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1252 2 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1252 3 able able JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1252 4 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1252 5 distinguish distinguish VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1252 6 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1252 7 familiar familiar JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1252 8 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1252 9 unfamiliar unfamiliar JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1252 10 persons person NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1252 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1252 12 Rybarczyk Rybarczyk NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1252 13 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1252 14 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1252 15 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1252 16 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1252 17 2003 2003 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1252 18 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1252 19 Taylor Taylor NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1252 20 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1252 21 Davis Davis NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1252 22 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1252 23 1998 1998 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1252 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1252 25 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1253 1 Among among IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1253 2 familiar familiar JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1253 3 persons person NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1253 4 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1253 5 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1253 6 distinguish distinguish VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1253 7 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1253 8 those those DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1253 9 who who WP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1253 10 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1253 11 been be VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1253 12 rough rough JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1253 13 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1253 14 them -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1253 15 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1253 16 those those DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1253 17 who who WP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1253 18 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1253 19 been be VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1253 20 gentle gentle JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1253 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1253 22 e.g. e.g. RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1253 23 stroking stroke VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1253 24 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1253 25 brushing brushing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1253 26 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1253 27 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1253 28 offering offer VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1253 29 food food NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1253 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1254 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1254 2 De De NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1254 3 Passillé Passillé NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1254 4 et et FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1254 5 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1254 6 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1254 7 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1254 8 1996 1996 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1254 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1254 10 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1255 1 Compared compare VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1255 2 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1255 3 individually individually RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1255 4 housed house VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1255 5 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1255 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1255 7 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1255 8 housed house VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1255 9 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1255 10 groups group NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1255 11 tend tend VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1255 12 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1255 13 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1255 14 approach approach VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1255 15 humans human NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1255 16 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1255 17 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1255 18 more more RBR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1255 19 difficult difficult JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1255 20 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1255 21 handle handle VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1255 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1255 23 Lensink Lensink NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1255 24 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1255 25 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1255 26 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1255 27 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1255 28 2001b 2001b CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1255 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1255 30 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1256 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1256 2 presence presence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1256 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1256 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1256 5 dam dam NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1256 6 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1256 7 lower lower VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1256 8 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1256 9 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1256 10 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1256 11 gentle gentle JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1256 12 contacts contact NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1256 13 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1256 14 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1256 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1256 16 Boivin Boivin NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1256 17 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1256 18 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1256 19 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1256 20 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1256 21 2002 2002 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1256 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1256 23 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1257 1 Contact contact VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1257 2 early early RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1257 3 after after IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1257 4 birth birth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1257 5 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1257 6 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1257 7 more more RBR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1257 8 effective effective JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1257 9 that that DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1257 10 contact contact NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1257 11 provided provide VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1257 12 later later RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1257 13 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1257 14 however however RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1257 15 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1257 16 regular regular JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1257 17 contact contact NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1257 18 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1257 19 necessary necessary JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1257 20 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1257 21 maintain maintain VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1257 22 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1257 23 lower low JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1257 24 level level NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1257 25 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1257 26 fear fear NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1257 27 responses response NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1257 28 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1257 29 humans human NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1257 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1257 31 Boivin Boivin NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1257 32 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1257 33 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1257 34 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1257 35 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1257 36 2003 2003 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1257 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1257 38 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1258 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1258 2 1995 1995 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1258 3 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1258 4 recommended recommend VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1258 5 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1258 6 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1258 7 dehorn dehorn VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1258 8 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1258 9 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1258 10 1 1 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1258 11 -3 -3 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1258 12 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1258 13 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1258 14 cauterisation cauterisation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1258 15 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1258 16 adequate adequate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1258 17 anaesthesia anaesthesia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1258 18 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1258 19 analgesia analgesia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1258 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1258 21 no no DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1258 22 details detail NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1258 23 given give VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1258 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1258 25 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1258 26 castrate castrate VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1258 27 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1258 28 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1258 29 3 3 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1258 30 months month NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1258 31 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1258 32 adequate adequate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1258 33 anaesthesia anaesthesia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1258 34 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1258 35 analgesia analgesia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1258 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1258 37 no no DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1258 38 details detail NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1258 39 given give VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1258 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1258 41 9.8.1 9.8.1 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1258 42 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1259 1 Dehorning dehorn VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1259 2 Dehorning dehorning NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1259 3 means mean VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1259 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1259 5 removal removal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1259 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1259 7 horns horn NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1259 8 while while IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1259 9 disbudding disbud VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1259 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1259 11 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1259 12 young young JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1259 13 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1259 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1259 15 corresponds correspond VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1259 16 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1259 17 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1259 18 removal removal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1259 19 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1259 20 horn horn NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1259 21 buds bud NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1259 22 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1260 1 Disbudding disbudding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1260 2 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1260 3 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1260 4 performed perform VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1260 5 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1260 6 cautery cautery NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1260 7 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1260 8 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1260 9 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1260 10 rubbing rub VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1260 11 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1260 12 covering cover VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1260 13 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1260 14 horn horn NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1260 15 buds bud NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1260 16 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1260 17 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1260 18 chemical chemical NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1260 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1260 20 NaOH NaOH NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1260 21 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1260 22 KOH KOH NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1260 23 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1260 24 colloidon colloidon NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1260 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1260 26 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1260 27 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1260 28 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1260 29 amputation amputation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1260 30 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1260 31 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1260 32 specifically specifically RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1260 33 designed design VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1260 34 sharp sharp JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1260 35 tool tool NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1260 36 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1260 37 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1260 38 scoop scoop NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1260 39 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1261 1 Recent recent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1261 2 publications publication NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1261 3 confirmed confirm VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1261 4 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1261 5 disbudding disbudding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1261 6 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1261 7 dehorning dehorning NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1261 8 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1261 9 painful painful JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1261 10 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1261 11 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1261 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1261 13 Stafford Stafford NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1261 14 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1261 15 Mellor Mellor NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1261 16 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1261 17 2005 2005 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1261 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1261 19 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1262 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1262 2 existence existence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1262 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1262 4 pain pain NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1262 5 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1262 6 deduced deduce VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1262 7 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1262 8 observations observation NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1262 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1262 10 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1262 11 increase increase NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1262 12 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1262 13 blood blood NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1262 14 cortisol cortisol NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1262 15 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1262 16 several several JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1262 17 hours hour NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1262 18 after after IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1262 19 dehorning dehorn VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1262 20 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1262 21 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1262 22 specific specific JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1262 23 pain pain NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1262 24 related relate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1262 25 behaviour behaviour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1262 26 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1262 27 head head NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1262 28 shaking shaking NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1262 29 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1262 30 ear ear NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1262 31 flicking flick VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1262 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1262 33 Faulkner Faulkner NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1262 34 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1262 35 Weary Weary NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1262 36 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1262 37 2000 2000 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1262 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1263 1 Disbudding disbud VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1263 2 without without IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1263 3 anaesthesia anaesthesia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1263 4 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1263 5 analgesia analgesia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1263 6 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1263 7 painful painful JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1263 8 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1263 9 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1263 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1263 11 even even RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1263 12 when when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1263 13 young young JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1263 14 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1263 15 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1263 16 dehorning dehorn VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1263 17 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1263 18 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1263 19 wire wire NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1263 20 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1263 21 saw saw NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1263 22 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1263 23 painful painful JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1263 24 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1263 25 cows cow NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1263 26 even even RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1263 27 if if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1263 28 anaesthesia anaesthesia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1263 29 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1263 30 carried carry VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1263 31 out out RP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1263 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1263 33 Taschke Taschke NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1263 34 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1263 35 Folsch Folsch NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1263 36 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1263 37 1997 1997 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1263 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1263 39 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1264 1 Disbudding disbud VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1264 2 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1264 3 cautery cautery NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1264 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1264 5 hot hot JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1264 6 iron iron NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1264 7 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1264 8 electric electric JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1264 9 tool tool NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1264 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1264 11 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1264 12 chemical chemical NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1264 13 disbudding disbudding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1264 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1264 15 NaOH NaOH NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1264 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1264 17 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1264 18 less less RBR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1264 19 painful painful JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1264 20 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1264 21 disbudding disbud VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1264 22 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1264 23 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1264 24 scoop scoop NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1264 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1264 26 Stilwell Stilwell NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1264 27 G. G. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1264 28 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1264 29 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1264 30 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1264 31 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1264 32 2004a 2004a CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1264 33 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1265 1 Stilwell Stilwell NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1265 2 G. G. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1265 3 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1265 4 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1265 5 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1265 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1265 7 2004b 2004b CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1265 8 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1265 9 Sylvester Sylvester NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1265 10 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1265 11 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1265 12 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1265 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1265 14 1998 1998 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1265 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1265 16 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1266 1 Local local JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1266 2 anesthesia anesthesia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1267 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1267 2 5 5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1267 3 - - SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1267 4 6 6 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1267 5 mL ml NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1267 6 lidocaine lidocaine NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1267 7 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1267 8 lignocaine lignocaine NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1267 9 2 2 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1267 10 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1267 11 around around IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1267 12 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1267 13 corneal corneal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1267 14 nerve nerve NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1267 15 15 15 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1267 16 - - SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1267 17 20 20 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1267 18 min min NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1267 19 before before IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1267 20 disbudding disbudding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1267 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1267 22 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1267 23 abolish abolish VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1267 24 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1267 25 pain pain NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1267 26 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1267 27 immediately immediately RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1267 28 follows follow VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1267 29 cautery cautery NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1267 30 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1267 31 largely largely RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1267 32 diminishes diminish VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1267 33 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1267 34 pain pain NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1267 35 caused cause VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1267 36 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1267 37 disbudding disbud VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1267 38 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1267 39 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1267 40 methods method NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1267 41 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1267 42 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1267 43 effects effect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1267 44 last last JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1267 45 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1267 46 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1267 47 few few JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1267 48 hours hour NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1267 49 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1267 50 when when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1267 51 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1267 52 nerve nerve NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1267 53 block block NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1267 54 has have VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1267 55 lost lose VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1267 56 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1267 57 effect effect NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1267 58 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1267 59 pain pain NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1267 60 ensues ensue VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1268 1 Stilwell Stilwell NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1268 2 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1268 3 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1268 4 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1269 1 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1269 2 2004b 2004b CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1269 3 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1269 4 Sutherland Sutherland NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1269 5 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1269 6 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1269 7 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1270 1 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1270 2 2002b 2002b CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1270 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1270 4 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1271 1 Local local JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1271 2 anesthesia anesthesia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1271 3 plus plus CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1271 4 analgesia analgesia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1271 5 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1271 6 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1271 7 non non JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1271 8 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1271 9 steroidal steroidal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1271 10 anti anti JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1271 11 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1271 12 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1271 13 drug drug NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1271 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1271 15 NSAID)(e.g nsaid)(e.g NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1271 16 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1272 1 5 5 LS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1272 2 mL ml NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1272 3 Flumixin Flumixin NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1272 4 meglubine meglubine NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1272 5 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1272 6 3 3 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1272 7 -3.75 -3.75 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1272 8 mg mg NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1272 9 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1272 10 kg kg NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1272 11 ketoprofen ketoprofen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1272 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1272 13 10 10 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1272 14 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1272 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1272 16 15 15 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1272 17 min min NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1272 18 before before IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1272 19 disbudding disbud VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1272 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1272 21 abolish abolish JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1272 22 pain pain NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1272 23 caused cause VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1272 24 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1272 25 cautery cautery NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1272 26 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1272 27 only only RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1272 28 reduces reduce VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1272 29 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1272 30 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1272 31 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1272 32 case case NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1272 33 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1272 34 disbudding disbud VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1272 35 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1272 36 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1272 37 scoop scoop NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1272 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1272 39 unless unless IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1272 40 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1272 41 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1272 42 followed follow VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1272 43 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1272 44 cautery cautery NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1272 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1273 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1273 2 Sylvester Sylvester NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1273 3 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1273 4 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1273 5 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1273 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1273 7 1998 1998 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1273 8 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1273 9 Faulkner Faulkner NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1273 10 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1273 11 Weary Weary NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1273 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1273 13 2000 2000 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1273 14 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1273 15 Sutherland Sutherland NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1273 16 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1273 17 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1273 18 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1273 19 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1273 20 2002a 2002a CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1273 21 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1274 1 Stilwell Stilwell NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1274 2 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1274 3 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1274 4 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1274 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1274 6 2004b 2004b CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1274 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1274 8 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1275 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1275 2 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1275 3 review review NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1275 4 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1275 5 Stafford Stafford NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1275 6 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1275 7 Mellor Mellor NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1275 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1275 9 2005 2005 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1275 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1275 11 concluded conclude VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1275 12 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1275 13 cautery cautery NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1275 14 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1275 15 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1275 16 less less RBR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1275 17 painful painful JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1275 18 method method NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1275 19 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1275 20 disbudding disbudding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1275 21 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1275 22 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1275 23 optimal optimal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1275 24 pain pain NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1275 25 relief relief NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1275 26 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1275 27 obtained obtain VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1275 28 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1275 29 Xylazine xylazine JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1275 30 sedation sedation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1275 31 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1275 32 local local JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1275 33 anaesthesia anaesthesia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1275 34 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1275 35 analgesia analgesia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1275 36 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1275 37 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1275 38 non non JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1275 39 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1275 40 steroidal steroidal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1275 41 antiinflammatory antiinflammatory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1275 42 drug drug NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1275 43 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1276 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1276 2 1995 1995 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1276 3 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1276 4 recommend recommend VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1276 5 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1276 6 when when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1276 7 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1276 8 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1276 9 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1276 10 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1276 11 castrated castrate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1276 12 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1276 13 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1276 14 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1276 15 done do VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1276 16 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1276 17 around around RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1276 18 3 3 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1276 19 months month NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1276 20 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1276 21 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1276 22 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1276 23 under under IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1276 24 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1276 25 anaesthesia anaesthesia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1276 26 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1276 27 analgesia analgesia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1276 28 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1277 1 Methods method NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1277 2 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1277 3 castrate castrate VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1277 4 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1277 5 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1277 6 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1277 7 clamping clamp VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1277 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1277 9 generally generally RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1277 10 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1277 11 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1277 12 Burdizzo Burdizzo NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1277 13 clamp clamp NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1277 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1277 15 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1277 16 constriction constriction NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1277 17 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1277 18 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1277 19 blood blood NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1277 20 supply supply NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1277 21 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1277 22 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1277 23 rubber rubber NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1277 24 ring ring NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1277 25 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1277 26 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1277 27 surgical surgical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1277 28 removal removal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1277 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1277 30 cutting cutting NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1277 31 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1277 32 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1277 33 scrotum scrotum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1278 1 then then RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1278 2 traction traction NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1278 3 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1278 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1278 5 testes testis NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1278 6 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1278 7 spermatic spermatic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1278 8 cords cord NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1278 9 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1278 10 cutting cut VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1278 11 across across IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1278 12 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1278 13 spermatic spermatic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1278 14 cross cross NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1278 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1278 16 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1279 1 Calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1279 2 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1279 3 castrated castrate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1279 4 as as RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1279 5 early early RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1279 6 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1279 7 1 1 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1279 8 week week NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1279 9 up up IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1279 10 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1279 11 over over IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1279 12 6 6 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1279 13 months month NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1279 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1279 15 see see VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1279 16 review review NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1279 17 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1279 18 practices practice NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1279 19 used use VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1279 20 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1279 21 UK UK NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1279 22 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1279 23 Kent Kent NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1279 24 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1279 25 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1279 26 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1279 27 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1279 28 1996 1996 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1279 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1279 30 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1280 1 Castration castration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1280 2 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1280 3 painful painful JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1280 4 whatever whatever WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1280 5 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1280 6 method method NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1280 7 used use VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1280 8 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1280 9 whatever whatever WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1280 10 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1280 11 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1280 12 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1280 13 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1280 14 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1280 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1280 16 Molony Molony NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1280 17 et et FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1280 18 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1280 19 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1280 20 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1280 21 1995 1995 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1280 22 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1280 23 Robertson Robertson NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1280 24 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1280 25 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1280 26 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1280 27 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1280 28 1994 1994 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1280 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1280 30 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1281 1 Acute acute JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1281 2 pain pain NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1281 3 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1281 4 deduced deduce VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1281 5 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1281 6 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1281 7 observation observation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1281 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1281 9 increases increase NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1281 10 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1281 11 blood blood NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1281 12 cortisol cortisol NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1281 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1281 14 abnormal abnormal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1281 15 postures posture NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1281 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1281 17 immobility immobility NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1281 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1281 19 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1281 20 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1281 21 behaviours behaviour NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1281 22 such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1281 23 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1281 24 foot foot NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1281 25 stamping stamping NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1281 26 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1281 27 kicking kicking NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1281 28 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1282 1 Chronic chronic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1282 2 pain pain NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1282 3 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1282 4 deduced deduce VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1282 5 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1282 6 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1282 7 observation observation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1282 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1282 9 activities activity NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1282 10 targeting target VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1282 11 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1282 12 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1282 13 site site NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1282 14 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1282 15 castration castration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1282 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1282 17 e.g. e.g. RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1282 18 licking lick VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1282 19 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1282 20 head head NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1282 21 turning turn VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1282 22 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1282 23 alternate alternate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1282 24 lifting lifting NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1282 25 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1282 26 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1282 27 hind hind NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1282 28 legs leg NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1282 29 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1282 30 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1282 31 slow slow JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1282 32 movements movement NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1282 33 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1282 34 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1282 35 tail tail NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1282 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1282 37 as as RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1282 38 well well RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1282 39 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1282 40 abnormal abnormal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1282 41 standing standing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1282 42 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1283 1 Burdizzo Burdizzo NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1283 2 clamping clamp VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1283 3 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1283 4 surgery surgery NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1283 5 induce induce VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1283 6 acute acute JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1283 7 pain pain NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1283 8 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1283 9 at at RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1283 10 least least JJS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1283 11 3 3 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1283 12 h h NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1283 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1283 14 Molony Molony NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1283 15 et et FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1283 16 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1283 17 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1283 18 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1283 19 1995 1995 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1283 20 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1283 21 Obritzhauser Obritzhauser NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1283 22 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1283 23 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1283 24 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1283 25 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1283 26 1998 1998 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1283 27 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1283 28 Robertson Robertson NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1283 29 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1283 30 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1283 31 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1283 32 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1283 33 1994 1994 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1283 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1283 35 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1284 1 Burdizzo Burdizzo NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1284 2 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1284 3 less less RBR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1284 4 painful painful JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1284 5 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1284 6 surgery surgery NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1284 7 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1284 8 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1284 9 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1284 10 cause cause VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1284 11 pain pain NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1284 12 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1284 13 longer long RBR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1284 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1284 15 at at RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1284 16 least least JJS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1284 17 48 48 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1284 18 h h NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1284 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1284 20 due due IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1284 21 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1284 22 scrotal scrotal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1284 23 inflammation inflammation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1284 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1284 25 Stilwell Stilwell NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1284 26 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1285 1 pers pers NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1285 2 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1285 3 comm comm NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1285 4 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1285 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1285 6 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1286 1 Castration castration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1286 2 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1286 3 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1286 4 rubber rubber NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1286 5 ring ring NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1286 6 causes cause VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1286 7 both both CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1286 8 acute acute JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1286 9 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1286 10 chronic chronic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1286 11 pain pain NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1286 12 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1286 13 at at RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1286 14 least least JJS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1286 15 1.5 1.5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1286 16 mo mo NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1286 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1286 18 Molony Molony NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1286 19 et et FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1286 20 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1286 21 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1286 22 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1286 23 1995 1995 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1286 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1287 1 Castration castration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1287 2 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1287 3 less less RBR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1287 4 painful painful JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1287 5 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1287 6 1 1 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1287 7 wk wk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1287 8 old old JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1287 9 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1287 10 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1287 11 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1287 12 3 3 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1287 13 - - SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1287 14 6 6 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1287 15 wk wk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1287 16 old old JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1287 17 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1287 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1287 19 Robertson Robertson NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1287 20 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1287 21 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1287 22 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1287 23 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1287 24 1994 1994 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1287 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1287 26 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1287 27 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1287 28 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1287 29 less less RBR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1287 30 painful painful JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1287 31 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1287 32 1.5 1.5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1287 33 months month NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1287 34 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1287 35 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1287 36 older old JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1287 37 ages age NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1288 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1288 2 Ting Ting NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1288 3 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1288 4 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1288 5 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1288 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1288 7 2005 2005 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1288 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1288 9 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1289 1 Local local JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1289 2 anesthesia anesthesia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1289 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1289 4 3 3 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1289 5 mL ml NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1289 6 Lignocaine Lignocaine NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1289 7 2 2 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1289 8 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1289 9 into into IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1289 10 each each DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1289 11 testicle testicle NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1289 12 through through IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1289 13 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1289 14 distal distal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1289 15 pole pole NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1289 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1289 17 abolishes abolish VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1289 18 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1289 19 acute acute JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1289 20 pain pain NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1289 21 associated associate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1289 22 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1289 23 castration castration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1289 24 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1289 25 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1289 26 ring ring NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1289 27 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1289 28 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1289 29 band band NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1290 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1290 2 Stafford Stafford NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1290 3 K.J. K.J. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1290 4 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1290 5 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1290 6 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1290 7 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1290 8 2002 2002 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1290 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1290 10 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1291 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1291 2 reduces reduce VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1291 3 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1291 4 does do VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1291 5 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1291 6 abolish abolish VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1291 7 acute acute JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1291 8 pain pain NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1291 9 associated associate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1291 10 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1291 11 castration castration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1291 12 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1291 13 surgery surgery NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1291 14 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1291 15 clamping clamping NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1291 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1291 17 Fisher Fisher NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1291 18 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1291 19 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1291 20 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1292 1 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1292 2 1996 1996 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1292 3 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1292 4 Stafford Stafford NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1292 5 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1292 6 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1292 7 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1292 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1292 9 2002 2002 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1292 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1292 11 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1293 1 Analgesia Analgesia NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1293 2 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1293 3 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1293 4 NSAID NSAID NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1293 5 drug drug NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1293 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1293 7 e.g. e.g. RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1293 8 Ketoprofen Ketoprofen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1293 9 10 10 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1293 10 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1293 11 3mg 3mg NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1293 12 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1293 13 kg kg NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1293 14 body body NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1293 15 weight weight NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1293 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1293 17 reduces reduce VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1293 18 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1293 19 pain pain NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1293 20 associated associate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1293 21 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1293 22 clamping clamping NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1293 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1294 1 Ting Ting NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1294 2 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1294 3 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1294 4 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1294 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1294 6 2003 2003 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1294 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1294 8 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1295 1 Some some DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1295 2 analgesics analgesic NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1295 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1295 4 e.g. e.g. RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1295 5 Caprofen Caprofen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1295 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1295 7 1,4 1,4 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1295 8 mg mg NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1295 9 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1295 10 kg kg NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1295 11 body body NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1295 12 weight weight NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1295 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1295 14 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1295 15 effective effective JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1295 16 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1295 17 longer long JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1295 18 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1295 19 24h 24h NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1295 20 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1295 21 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1295 22 thus thus RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1295 23 more more RBR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1295 24 likely likely JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1295 25 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1295 26 provide provide VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1295 27 more more RBR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1295 28 effective effective JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1295 29 pain pain NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1295 30 relief relief NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1295 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1295 32 Stilwell Stilwell NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1295 33 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1295 34 comm comm NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1295 35 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1295 36 pers pers NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1295 37 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1295 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1295 39 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1296 1 Local local JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1296 2 anaesthesia anaesthesia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1296 3 plus plus CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1296 4 analgesia analgesia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1296 5 appears appear VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1296 6 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1296 7 eliminate eliminate VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1296 8 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1296 9 acute acute JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1296 10 pain pain NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1296 11 due due IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1296 12 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1296 13 castration castration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1296 14 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1296 15 surgery surgery NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1296 16 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1296 17 clamping clamping NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1296 18 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1297 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1297 2 most most RBS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1297 3 important important JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1297 4 diseases disease NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1297 5 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1297 6 young young JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1297 7 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1297 8 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1297 9 diarrhoea diarrhoea JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1297 10 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1297 11 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1297 12 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1298 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1298 2 Olsson Olsson NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1298 3 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1298 4 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1298 5 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1298 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1298 7 1993 1993 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1299 1 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1299 2 Sivula Sivula NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1299 3 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1299 4 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1299 5 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1299 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1299 7 1996 1996 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1299 8 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1299 9 Virtala Virtala NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1299 10 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1299 11 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1299 12 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1300 1 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1300 2 1996a 1996a CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1300 3 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1300 4 Donovan Donovan NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1300 5 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1300 6 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1300 7 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1301 1 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1301 2 1998 1998 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1301 3 Lundborg Lundborg NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1301 4 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1301 5 2004 2004 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1301 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1301 7 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1302 1 A a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1302 2 prospective prospective JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1302 3 study study NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1302 4 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1302 5 carried carry VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1302 6 out out RP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1302 7 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1302 8 94 94 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1302 9 randomly randomly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1302 10 selected select VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1302 11 beef beef NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1302 12 herds herd NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1302 13 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1302 14 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1302 15 Midi Midi NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1302 16 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1302 17 Pyrenees Pyrenees NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1302 18 region region NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1302 19 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1302 20 France France NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1303 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1303 2 Bendali Bendali NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1303 3 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1303 4 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1303 5 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1303 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1303 7 1999 1999 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1303 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1303 9 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1304 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1304 2 objective objective NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1304 3 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1304 4 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1304 5 describe describe VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1304 6 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1304 7 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1304 8 mortality mortality NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1304 9 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1304 10 beef beef NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1304 11 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1304 12 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1304 13 birth birth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1304 14 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1304 15 30 30 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1304 16 days day NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1304 17 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1304 18 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1304 19 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1305 1 Calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1305 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1305 3 3,080 3,080 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1305 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1305 5 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1305 6 followed follow VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1305 7 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1305 8 December December NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1305 9 1995 1995 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1305 10 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1305 11 April April NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1305 12 1996 1996 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1305 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1305 14 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1305 15 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1305 16 total total NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1305 17 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1305 18 700 700 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1305 19 visits visit NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1305 20 allowed allow VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1305 21 records record NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1305 22 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1305 23 herd herd NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1305 24 management management NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1305 25 practices practice NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1305 26 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1305 27 individual individual JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1305 28 data datum NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1305 29 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1305 30 environmental environmental JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1305 31 conditions condition NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1305 32 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1305 33 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1305 34 collected collect VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1305 35 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1306 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1306 2 incidence incidence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1306 3 rate rate NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1306 4 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1306 5 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1306 6 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1306 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1306 8 neonatal neonatal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1306 9 period period NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1306 10 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1306 11 14.6 14.6 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1306 12 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1306 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1306 14 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1306 15 varied vary VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1306 16 markedly markedly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1306 17 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1306 18 herds herd NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1306 19 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1307 1 Eighteen eighteen CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1307 2 herds herd NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1307 3 did do VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1307 4 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1307 5 suffer suffer VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1307 6 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1307 7 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1307 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1307 9 while while IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1307 10 five five CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1307 11 herds herd NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1307 12 had have VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1307 13 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1307 14 incidence incidence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1307 15 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1307 16 more more JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1307 17 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1307 18 50 50 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1307 19 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1307 20 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1308 1 Results result NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1308 2 indicate indicate VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1308 3 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1308 4 52 52 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1308 5 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1308 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1308 7 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1308 8 appears appear VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1308 9 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1308 10 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1308 11 first first JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1308 12 week week NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1308 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1308 14 only only RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1308 15 15 15 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1308 16 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1308 17 after after IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1308 18 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1308 19 second second JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1308 20 week week NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1308 21 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1308 22 life life NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1308 23 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1309 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1309 2 greatest great JJS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1309 3 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1309 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1309 5 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1309 6 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1309 7 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1309 8 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1309 9 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1309 10 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1309 11 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1309 12 first first JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1309 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1309 14 second second JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1309 15 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1309 16 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1309 17 life life NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1309 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1309 19 7.9 7.9 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1309 20 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1309 21 6.5 6.5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1309 22 times time NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1309 23 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1309 24 respectively respectively RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1309 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1309 26 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1310 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1310 2 month month NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1310 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1310 4 birth birth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1310 5 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1310 6 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1310 7 significantly significantly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1310 8 associated associate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1310 9 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1310 10 morbility morbility NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1310 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1310 12 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1310 13 highest high JJS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1310 14 incidence incidence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1310 15 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1310 16 observed observe VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1310 17 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1310 18 December December NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1310 19 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1310 20 March March NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1310 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1310 22 17.6 17.6 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1310 23 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1310 24 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1310 25 23.6 23.6 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1310 26 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1310 27 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1310 28 respectively respectively RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1310 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1310 30 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1311 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1311 2 global global JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1311 3 mortality mortality NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1311 4 rate rate NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1311 5 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1311 6 3.6 3.6 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1311 7 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1311 8 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1311 9 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1311 10 two two CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1311 11 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1311 12 times time NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1311 13 higher high JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1311 14 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1311 15 December December NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1311 16 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1311 17 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1311 18 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1311 19 months month NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1311 20 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1312 1 Forty forty CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1312 2 per per IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1312 3 cent cent NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1312 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1312 5 herds herd NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1312 6 did do VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1312 7 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1312 8 exhibit exhibit VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1312 9 mortality mortality NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1312 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1312 11 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1312 12 10 10 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1312 13 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1312 14 had have VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1312 15 mortality mortality NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1312 16 rates rate NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1312 17 greater great JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1312 18 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1312 19 10 10 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1312 20 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1312 21 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1313 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1313 2 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1313 3 study study NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1313 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1313 5 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1313 6 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1313 7 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1313 8 100 100 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1313 9 cow cow NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1313 10 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1313 11 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1313 12 herds herd NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1313 13 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1313 14 Switzerland Switzerland NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1313 15 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1313 16 Busato Busato NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1313 17 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1313 18 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1313 19 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1314 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1314 2 1997 1997 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1314 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1314 4 found find VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1314 5 that that DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1314 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1314 7 1270 1270 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1314 8 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1314 9 included include VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1314 10 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1314 11 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1314 12 study study NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1314 13 22 22 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1314 14 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1314 15 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1314 16 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1314 17 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1314 18 had have VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1314 19 been be VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1314 20 treated treat VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1314 21 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1314 22 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1314 23 veterinarian veterinarian NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1314 24 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1315 1 Of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1315 2 those those DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1315 3 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1315 4 36 36 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1315 5 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1315 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1315 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1315 8 treatments treatment NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1315 9 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1315 10 given give VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1315 11 because because IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1315 12 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1315 13 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1315 14 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1315 15 27 27 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1315 16 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1315 17 because because IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1315 18 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1315 19 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1315 20 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1315 21 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1316 1 Another another DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1316 2 Swiss swiss JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1316 3 study study NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1316 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1316 5 Frei Frei NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1316 6 et et FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1316 7 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1316 8 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1316 9 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1316 10 1997 1997 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1316 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1316 12 showed show VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1316 13 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1316 14 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1316 15 113 113 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1316 16 Swiss swiss JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1316 17 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1316 18 herds herd NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1316 19 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1316 20 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1316 21 incidence incidence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1316 22 density density NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1316 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1316 24 ID ID NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1316 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1316 26 per per IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1316 27 100 100 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1316 28 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1316 29 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1316 30 years year NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1316 31 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1316 32 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1316 33 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1316 34 omphalitis omphalitis NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1316 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1316 36 infection infection NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1316 37 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1316 38 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1316 39 navel navel NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1316 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1316 41 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1316 42 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1316 43 diseases disease NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1316 44 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1316 45 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1316 46 diseases disease NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1316 47 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1316 48 35.0 35.0 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1316 49 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1316 50 13.9 13.9 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1316 51 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1316 52 13.5 13.5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1316 53 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1316 54 7.2 7.2 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1316 55 respectively respectively RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1316 56 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1317 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1317 2 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1317 3 study study NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1317 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1317 5 nine nine CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1317 6 herds herd NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1317 7 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1317 8 892 892 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1317 9 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1317 10 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1317 11 Swedish swedish JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1317 12 Red Red NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1317 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1317 14 Whites Whites NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1317 15 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1317 16 Swedish Swedish NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1317 17 Holsteins Holsteins NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1317 18 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1317 19 some some DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1317 20 crossbreeds crossbreed NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1317 21 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1317 22 effect effect NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1317 23 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1317 24 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1317 25 size size NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1317 26 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1317 27 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1317 28 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1317 29 studied study VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1317 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1317 31 Svensson Svensson NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1317 32 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1317 33 Liberg Liberg NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1317 34 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1317 35 2006 2006 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1317 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1317 37 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1318 1 After after IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1318 2 transfer transfer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1318 3 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1318 4 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1318 5 pens pen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1318 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1318 7 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1318 8 21 21 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1318 9 - - SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1318 10 53 53 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1318 11 days day NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1318 12 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1318 13 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1318 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1318 15 19.0 19.0 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1318 16 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1318 17 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1318 18 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1318 19 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1318 20 had have VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1318 21 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1318 22 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1318 23 9.8 9.8 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1318 24 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1318 25 had have VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1318 26 omphalophlebitis omphalophlebitis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1318 27 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1318 28 umbilical umbilical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1318 29 abscess abscess NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1318 30 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1318 31 31.3 31.3 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1318 32 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1318 33 had have VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1318 34 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1318 35 clinical clinical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1318 36 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1318 37 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1318 38 tract tract NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1318 39 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1318 40 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1318 41 1.4 1.4 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1318 42 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1318 43 had have VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1318 44 weak weak JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1318 45 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1318 46 syndrome syndrome NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1318 47 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1319 1 Of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1319 2 all all DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1319 3 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1319 4 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1319 5 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1319 6 7.3 7.3 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1319 7 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1319 8 there there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1319 9 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1319 10 associated associate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1319 11 general general JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1319 12 condition condition NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1319 13 impairment impairment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1319 14 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1320 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1320 2 37.4 37.4 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1320 3 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1320 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1320 5 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1320 6 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1320 7 cases case NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1320 8 antibiotics antibiotic NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1320 9 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1320 10 used use VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1320 11 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1320 12 treatment treatment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1320 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1320 14 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1320 15 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1320 16 clinical clinical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1320 17 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1320 18 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1320 19 tract tract NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1320 20 cases case NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1320 21 54 54 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1320 22 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1320 23 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1320 24 treated treat VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1320 25 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1320 26 antibiotics antibiotic NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1320 27 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1321 1 Several several JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1321 2 factors factor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1321 3 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1321 4 been be VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1321 5 associated associate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1321 6 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1321 7 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1321 8 increased increase VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1321 9 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1321 10 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1321 11 infectious infectious JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1321 12 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1321 13 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1321 14 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1321 15 first first JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1321 16 90 90 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1321 17 days day NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1321 18 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1321 19 life life NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1321 20 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1321 21 particularly particularly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1321 22 factors factor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1321 23 affecting affect VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1321 24 serum serum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1321 25 immunoglobulin immunoglobulin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1321 26 concentration concentration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1321 27 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1322 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1322 2 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1322 3 study study NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1322 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1322 5 122 122 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1322 6 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1322 7 herds herd NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1322 8 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1322 9 south south JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1322 10 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1322 11 west west NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1322 12 Sweden Sweden NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1322 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1322 14 Svensson Svensson NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1322 15 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1322 16 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1322 17 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1323 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1323 2 2003 2003 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1323 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1323 4 clinically clinically RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1323 5 monitored monitor VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1323 6 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1323 7 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1323 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1323 9 3081 3081 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1323 10 heifer heifer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1323 11 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1323 12 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1323 13 birth birth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1323 14 until until IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1323 15 90 90 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1323 16 days day NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1323 17 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1323 18 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1323 19 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1324 1 23 23 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1324 2 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1324 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1324 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1324 5 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1324 6 developed develop VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1324 7 one one CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1324 8 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1324 9 more more JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1324 10 diseases disease NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1324 11 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1324 12 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1324 13 period period NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1324 14 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1325 1 Most Most JJS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1325 2 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1325 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1325 4 317 317 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1325 5 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1325 6 cases case NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1325 7 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1325 8 mild mild JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1325 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1325 10 68 68 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1325 11 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1325 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1325 13 whereas whereas IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1325 14 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1325 15 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1325 16 221 221 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1325 17 cases case NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1325 18 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1325 19 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1325 20 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1325 21 43 43 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1325 22 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1325 23 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1325 24 severe severe JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1325 25 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1326 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1326 2 total total JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1326 3 morbidity morbidity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1326 4 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1326 5 0.081 0.081 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1326 6 cases case NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1326 7 per per IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1326 8 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1326 9 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1326 10 month month NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1326 11 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1326 12 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1326 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1326 14 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1326 15 incidence incidence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1326 16 rates rate NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1326 17 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1326 18 arthritis arthritis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1326 19 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1326 20 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1326 21 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1326 22 omphalophlebitis omphalophlebitis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1326 23 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1326 24 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1326 25 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1326 26 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1326 27 ringworm ringworm NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1326 28 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1326 29 0.002 0.002 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1326 30 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1326 31 0.035 0.035 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1326 32 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1326 33 0.005 0.005 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1326 34 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1326 35 0.025 0.025 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1326 36 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1326 37 0.009 0.009 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1326 38 cases case NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1326 39 per per IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1326 40 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1326 41 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1326 42 month month NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1326 43 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1326 44 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1326 45 respectively respectively RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1326 46 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1327 1 Odds odd NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1327 2 ratios ratio NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1327 3 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1327 4 calculated calculate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1327 5 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1327 6 severe severe JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1327 7 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1327 8 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1327 9 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1327 10 born bear VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1327 11 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1327 12 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1327 13 summer summer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1327 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1327 15 OR or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1327 16 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1327 17 1.7 1.7 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1327 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1327 19 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1327 20 receiving receive VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1327 21 colostrums colostrum NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1327 22 through through IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1327 23 suckling suckle VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1327 24 instead instead RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1327 25 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1327 26 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1327 27 bucket bucket NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1327 28 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1327 29 nipple nipple NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1327 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1327 31 OR or NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1327 32 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1327 33 1.8 1.8 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1327 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1327 35 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1328 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1328 2 has have VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1328 3 been be VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1328 4 shown show VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1328 5 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1328 6 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1328 7 left leave VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1328 8 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1328 9 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1328 10 mothers mother NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1328 11 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1328 12 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1328 13 delayed delay VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1328 14 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1328 15 longer long JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1328 16 time time NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1328 17 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1328 18 ingest ingest VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1328 19 colostrum colostrum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1328 20 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1328 21 often often RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1328 22 fail fail VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1328 23 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1328 24 ingest ingest VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1328 25 adequate adequate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1328 26 volumes volume NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1328 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1328 28 Rajala Rajala NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1328 29 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1328 30 Castrén Castrén NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1328 31 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1328 32 1995 1995 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1328 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1328 34 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1329 1 Svensson Svensson NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1329 2 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1329 3 Liberg Liberg NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1329 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1329 5 2006 2006 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1329 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1329 7 found find VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1329 8 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1329 9 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1329 10 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1329 11 status status NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1329 12 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1329 13 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1329 14 mother mother NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1329 15 cow cow NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1329 16 280 280 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1329 17 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1329 18 50 50 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1329 19 days day NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1329 20 before before IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1329 21 calving calving NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1329 22 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1329 23 length length NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1329 24 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1329 25 dry dry JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1329 26 period period NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1329 27 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1330 1 retained retain VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1330 2 placenta placenta NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1330 3 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1330 4 somatic somatic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1330 5 cell cell NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1330 6 count count NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1330 7 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1330 8 predisposing predispose VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1330 9 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1330 10 factors factor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1330 11 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1330 12 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1330 13 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1330 14 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1330 15 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1330 16 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1330 17 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1331 1 Svensson Svensson NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1331 2 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1331 3 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1331 4 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1332 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1332 2 2003 2003 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1332 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1332 4 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1332 5 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1332 6 able able JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1332 7 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1332 8 demonstrate demonstrate VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1332 9 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1332 10 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1332 11 odds odd NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1332 12 ratios ratio NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1332 13 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1332 14 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1332 15 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1332 16 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1332 17 increased increase VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1332 18 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1332 19 sounds sound NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1332 20 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1332 21 increased increase VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1332 22 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1332 23 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1332 24 housed house VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1332 25 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1332 26 large large JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1332 27 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1332 28 pens pen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1332 29 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1332 30 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1332 31 automatic automatic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1332 32 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1332 33 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1332 34 feeding feed VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1332 35 system system NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1332 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1332 37 OR or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1332 38 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1332 39 2.2 2.2 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1332 40 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1332 41 2.8 2.8 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1332 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1332 43 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1333 1 Similar similar JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1333 2 results result NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1333 3 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1333 4 been be VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1333 5 reported report VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1333 6 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1333 7 Maatje Maatje NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1333 8 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1333 9 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1333 10 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1334 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1334 2 1993 1993 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1334 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1334 4 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1334 5 Plath Plath NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1334 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1334 7 1999 1999 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1334 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1334 9 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1335 1 There there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1335 2 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1335 3 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1335 4 decreased decrease VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1335 5 odds odd NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1335 6 ratio ratio NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1335 7 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1335 8 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1335 9 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1335 10 if if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1335 11 calving calving NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1335 12 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1335 13 supervised supervise VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1335 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1335 15 OR or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1335 16 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1335 17 0.7 0.7 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1335 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1335 19 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1336 1 If if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1336 2 birth birth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1336 3 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1336 4 taking take VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1336 5 place place NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1336 6 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1336 7 individual individual JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1336 8 maternity maternity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1336 9 pens pen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1336 10 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1336 11 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1336 12 tie tie NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1336 13 stalls stall NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1336 14 instead instead RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1336 15 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1336 16 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1336 17 cubicle cubicle NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1336 18 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1336 19 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1336 20 maternity maternity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1336 21 pen pen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1336 22 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1336 23 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1336 24 odds odd NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1336 25 ratio ratio NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1336 26 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1336 27 increased increase VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1336 28 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1336 29 sounds sound NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1336 30 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1336 31 0.5 0.5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1336 32 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1336 33 0.6 0.6 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1336 34 respectively respectively RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1336 35 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1337 1 30 30 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1337 2 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1337 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1337 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1337 5 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1337 6 cases case NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1337 7 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1337 8 treated treat VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1337 9 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1337 10 antibiotics antibiotic NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1337 11 whereas whereas IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1337 12 47 47 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1337 13 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1337 14 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1337 15 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1337 16 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1337 17 cases case NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1337 18 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1337 19 treated treat VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1337 20 using use VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1337 21 antibiotics antibiotic NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1337 22 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 2 another another DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 3 study study NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 5 nine nine CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 6 farms farm NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 7 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 8 Svensson Svensson NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 9 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 10 Liberg Liberg NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 12 2006 2006 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 14 found find VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 15 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 16 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 17 pens pen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 18 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 19 six six CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 20 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 21 nine nine CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 22 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 23 there there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 24 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 25 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 26 significantly significantly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 27 reduced reduce VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 28 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 29 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 30 clinical clinical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 31 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 32 tract tract NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 33 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 35 OR or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 36 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 37 0.69 0.69 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 38 - - SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 39 0.72 0.72 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 41 compared compare VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 42 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 43 pens pen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 44 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 45 12 12 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 46 - - SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 47 18 18 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 48 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 49 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 50 there there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 51 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 52 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 53 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 54 association association NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 55 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 56 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 57 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 58 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 59 transfer transfer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 60 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 61 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 62 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 63 pen pen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1338 64 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1339 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1339 2 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1339 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1339 4 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1339 5 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1339 6 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1339 7 affected affect VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1339 8 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1339 9 housing house VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1339 10 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1339 11 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1339 12 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1339 13 differently differently RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1339 14 sized sized JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1339 15 groups group NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1339 16 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1340 1 However however RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1340 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1340 3 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1340 4 housed house VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1340 5 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1340 6 large large JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1340 7 sized sized JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1340 8 groups group NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1340 9 grew grow VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1340 10 significantly significantly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1340 11 less less RBR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1340 12 quickly quickly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1340 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1340 14 approximately approximately RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1340 15 40 40 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1340 16 g g NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1340 17 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1340 18 day day NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1340 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1340 20 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1340 21 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1340 22 housed house VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1340 23 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1340 24 groups group NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1340 25 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1340 26 six six CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1340 27 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1340 28 nine nine CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1340 29 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1341 1 Serological serological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1341 2 responses response NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1341 3 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1341 4 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1341 5 viruses virus NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1341 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1341 7 e.g. e.g. RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1341 8 bovine bovine JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1341 9 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1341 10 syncytical syncytical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1341 11 virus virus NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1341 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1341 13 parainfluenza parainfluenza NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1341 14 virus virus NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1341 15 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1341 16 corona corona NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1341 17 virus virus NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1341 18 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1341 19 viral viral JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1341 20 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1341 21 virus virus NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1341 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1341 23 showing show VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1341 24 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1341 25 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1341 26 within within IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1341 27 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1341 28 herd herd NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1341 29 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1341 30 usually usually RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1341 31 either either CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1341 32 all all DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1341 33 seropositive seropositive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1341 34 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1341 35 all all DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1341 36 seronegative seronegative JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1341 37 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1341 38 indicate indicate VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1341 39 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1341 40 infections infection NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1341 41 spread spread VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1341 42 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1341 43 all all DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1341 44 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1341 45 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1341 46 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1341 47 herd herd NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1341 48 when when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1341 49 introduced introduce VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1341 50 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1341 51 activated activate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1342 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1342 2 Hägglund Hägglund NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1342 3 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1342 4 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1342 5 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1342 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1342 7 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1342 8 press press NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1342 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1342 10 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1342 11 hence hence RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1342 12 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1342 13 aerosol aerosol NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1342 14 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1342 15 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1342 16 important important JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1342 17 means mean NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1342 18 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1342 19 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1342 20 spread spread NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1342 21 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1342 22 viruses virus NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1342 23 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1343 1 However however RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1343 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1343 3 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1343 4 infected infected JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1343 5 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1343 6 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1343 7 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1343 8 equivalent equivalent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1343 9 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1343 10 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1343 11 diseased diseased JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1343 12 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1343 13 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1344 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1344 2 has have VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1344 3 been be VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1344 4 shown show VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1344 5 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1344 6 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1344 7 housed house VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1344 8 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1344 9 adjacent adjacent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1344 10 pens pen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1344 11 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1344 12 maintain maintain VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1344 13 quite quite RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1344 14 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1344 15 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1344 16 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1344 17 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1344 18 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1345 1 Svensson Svensson NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1345 2 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1345 3 Liberg Liberg NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1345 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1345 5 2006 2006 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1345 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1345 7 reported report VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1345 8 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1345 9 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1345 10 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1345 11 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1345 12 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1345 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1345 14 16 16 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1345 15 had have VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1345 16 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1345 17 significantly significantly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1345 18 higher high JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1345 19 incidence incidence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1345 20 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1345 21 clinical clinical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1345 22 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1345 23 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1345 24 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1345 25 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1345 26 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1345 27 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1345 28 adjacent adjacent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1345 29 pen pen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1345 30 kept keep VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1345 31 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1345 32 groups group NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1345 33 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1345 34 8 8 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1345 35 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1346 1 Engelbrecht Engelbrecht NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1346 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1346 3 2005 2005 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1346 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1346 5 reported report VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1346 6 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1346 7 transferred transfer VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1346 8 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1346 9 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1346 10 pens pen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1346 11 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1346 12 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1346 13 batchwise batchwise NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1346 14 manner manner NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1346 15 had have VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1346 16 significantly significantly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1346 17 higher high JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1346 18 prevalence prevalence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1346 19 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1346 20 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1346 21 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1346 22 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1346 23 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1346 24 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1346 25 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1346 26 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1346 27 adjacent adjacent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1346 28 pens pen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1346 29 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1346 30 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1346 31 transferred transfer VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1346 32 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1346 33 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1346 34 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1346 35 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1346 36 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1346 37 pen pen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1346 38 continuously continuously RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1346 39 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1347 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1347 2 both both DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1347 3 studies study NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1347 4 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1347 5 had have VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1347 6 no no DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1347 7 direct direct JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1347 8 contact contact NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1347 9 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1347 10 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1347 11 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1347 12 adjacent adjacent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1347 13 pens pen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1347 14 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1348 1 These these DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1348 2 results result NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1348 3 indicate indicate VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1348 4 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1348 5 important important JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1348 6 role role NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1348 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1348 8 direct direct JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1348 9 contact contact NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1348 10 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1348 11 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1348 12 transmission transmission NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1348 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1348 14 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1348 15 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1348 16 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1348 17 hence hence RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1348 18 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1348 19 importance importance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1348 20 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1348 21 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1348 22 control control NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1348 23 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1348 24 decreasing decrease VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1348 25 direct direct JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1348 26 contact contact NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1348 27 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1348 28 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1348 29 within within IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1348 30 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1348 31 same same JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1348 32 building building NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1348 33 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1348 34 means mean NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1348 35 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1348 36 solid solid JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1348 37 walls wall NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1348 38 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1349 1 Svensson Svensson NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1349 2 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1349 3 Liberg Liberg NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1349 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1349 5 2006 2006 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1349 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1349 7 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1349 8 reported report VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1349 9 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1349 10 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1349 11 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1349 12 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1349 13 transfer transfer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1349 14 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1349 15 single single JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1349 16 pens pen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1349 17 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1349 18 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1349 19 pens pen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1349 20 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1349 21 associated associate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1349 22 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1349 23 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1349 24 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1349 25 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1349 26 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1349 27 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1349 28 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1349 29 indicating indicate VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1349 30 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1349 31 delaying delay VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1349 32 transfer transfer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1349 33 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1349 34 after after IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1349 35 two two CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1349 36 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1349 37 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1349 38 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1349 39 might may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1349 40 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1349 41 preferable preferable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1349 42 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1349 43 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1349 44 reasons reason NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1349 45 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1350 1 Enteritis Enteritis NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1350 2 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1350 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1350 4 most most RBS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1350 5 common common JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1350 6 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1350 7 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1350 8 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1350 9 less less JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1350 10 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1350 11 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1350 12 month month NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1350 13 old old JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1351 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1351 2 Virtala Virtala NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1351 3 et et FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1351 4 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1351 5 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1351 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1351 7 1996b 1996b CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1351 8 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1351 9 Wells Wells NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1351 10 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1351 11 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1351 12 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1351 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1351 14 1996 1996 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1351 15 ; ; . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1352 1 Radositis Radositis NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1352 2 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1352 3 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1352 4 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1352 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1352 6 1999 1999 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1352 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1352 8 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1353 1 Diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1353 2 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1353 3 caused cause VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1353 4 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1353 5 dietary dietary JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1353 6 factors factor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1353 7 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1353 8 caused cause VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1353 9 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1353 10 infections infection NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1353 11 due due JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1353 12 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1353 13 viruses virus NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1353 14 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1353 15 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1353 16 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1353 17 parasites parasite NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1353 18 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1354 1 Routines routine NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1354 2 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1354 3 distributing distribute VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1354 4 colostrum colostrum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1354 5 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1354 6 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1354 7 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1354 8 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1354 9 crucial crucial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1354 10 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1354 11 transferring transfer VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1354 12 immunoglobins immunoglobin NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1354 13 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1354 14 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1354 15 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1354 16 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1354 17 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1354 18 obtain obtain VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1354 19 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1354 20 good good JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1354 21 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1354 22 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1355 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1355 2 Rajala Rajala NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1355 3 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1355 4 Castrén Castrén NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1355 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1355 6 1995 1995 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1355 7 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1355 8 Liberg Liberg NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1355 9 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1355 10 Carlsson Carlsson NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1355 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1355 12 1998 1998 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1355 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1355 14 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1356 1 Enteritis Enteritis NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1356 2 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1356 3 clinically clinically RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1356 4 recognized recognize VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1356 5 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1356 6 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1356 7 observation observation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1356 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1356 9 faeces faece NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1356 10 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1356 11 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1356 12 looser loose JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1356 13 consistency consistency NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1356 14 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1356 15 normal normal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1356 16 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1357 1 Colour colour VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1357 2 as as RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1357 3 well well RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1357 4 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1357 5 smell smell NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1357 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1357 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1357 8 faeces faece NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1357 9 might may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1357 10 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1357 11 affected affect VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1357 12 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1358 1 Diseased diseased JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1358 2 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1358 3 exhibit exhibit VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1358 4 fever fever NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1358 5 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1358 6 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1358 7 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1358 8 inactive inactive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1358 9 usually usually RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1358 10 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1358 11 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1358 12 result result NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1358 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1358 14 dehydration dehydration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1358 15 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1358 16 possibly possibly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1358 17 acidosis acidosis VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1358 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1358 19 Radositis Radositis NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1358 20 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1358 21 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1358 22 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1358 23 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1358 24 1999 1999 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1358 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1358 26 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1359 1 Usually usually RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1359 2 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1359 3 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1359 4 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1359 5 possible possible JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1359 6 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1359 7 differentiate differentiate VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1359 8 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1359 9 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1359 10 agents agent NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1359 11 causing cause VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1359 12 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1359 13 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1359 14 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1359 15 clinical clinical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1359 16 findings finding NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1359 17 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1360 1 Rotavirus rotavirus NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1360 2 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1360 3 worldwide worldwide RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1360 4 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1360 5 major major JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1360 6 cause cause NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1360 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1360 8 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1361 1 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1361 2 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1361 3 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1361 4 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1361 5 often often RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1361 6 detected detect VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1361 7 agent agent NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1361 8 among among IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1361 9 young young JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1361 10 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1361 11 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1361 12 enteritis enteritis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1362 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1362 2 E.g. e.g. DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1362 3 Björkman Björkman NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1362 4 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1362 5 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1362 6 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1362 7 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1362 8 2003 2003 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1362 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1362 10 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1363 1 Rotavirus rotavirus NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1363 2 affects affect VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1363 3 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1363 4 usually usually RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1363 5 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1363 6 1 1 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1363 7 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1363 8 8 8 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1363 9 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1363 10 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1363 11 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1364 1 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1364 2 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1364 3 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1364 4 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1364 5 vary vary VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1364 6 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1364 7 very very RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1364 8 mild mild JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1364 9 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1364 10 lethal lethal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1365 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1365 2 de de FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1365 3 Leeuw Leeuw NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1365 4 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1365 5 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1365 6 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1365 7 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1365 8 1980 1980 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1365 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1365 10 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1366 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1366 2 virus virus NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1366 3 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1366 4 excreted excrete VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1366 5 through through IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1366 6 faeces faece NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1366 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1366 8 infected infected JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1366 9 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1366 10 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1366 11 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1366 12 very very RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1366 13 resistant resistant JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1366 14 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1366 15 several several JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1366 16 months month NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1366 17 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1366 18 that that DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1366 19 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1366 20 why why WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1366 21 cleaning cleaning NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1366 22 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1366 23 pens pen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1366 24 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1366 25 necessary necessary JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1366 26 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1366 27 break break VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1366 28 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1366 29 infectious infectious JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1366 30 path path NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1366 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1366 32 Saif Saif NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1366 33 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1366 34 Theil Theil NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1366 35 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1366 36 1990 1990 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1366 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1366 38 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1367 1 Bovine bovine JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1367 2 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1367 3 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1367 4 most most RBS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1367 5 commonly commonly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1367 6 seen see VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1367 7 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1367 8 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1367 9 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1367 10 about about RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1367 11 1 1 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1367 12 week week NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1367 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1367 14 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1368 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1368 2 Fenner Fenner NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1368 3 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1368 4 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1368 5 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1368 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1368 7 1987 1987 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1368 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1368 9 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1369 1 Escherichia escherichia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1369 2 coli coli VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1369 3 K99 k99 NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1369 4 + + CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1369 5 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1369 6 cause cause VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1369 7 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1369 8 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1369 9 young young JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1369 10 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1369 11 although although IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1369 12 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1369 13 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1369 14 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1369 15 part part NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1369 16 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1369 17 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1369 18 normal normal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1369 19 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1369 20 flora flora NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1369 21 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1370 1 Poor poor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1370 2 routines routine NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1370 3 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1370 4 transferring transfer VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1370 5 colostrum colostrum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1370 6 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1370 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1370 8 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1370 9 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1370 10 stress stress NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1370 11 etc etc FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1370 12 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1371 1 might may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1371 2 trigger trigger VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1371 3 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1371 4 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1371 5 outbreak outbreak NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1371 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1371 7 Wray Wray NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1371 8 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1371 9 Thomlinson Thomlinson NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1371 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1371 11 1975 1975 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1371 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1371 13 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1372 1 Severity severity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1372 2 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1372 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1372 4 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1372 5 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1372 6 vary vary VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1372 7 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1372 8 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1372 9 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1372 10 high high JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1372 11 proportion proportion NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1372 12 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1372 13 mortality mortality NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1372 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1372 15 Radositis Radositis NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1372 16 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1372 17 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1372 18 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1372 19 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1372 20 1999 1999 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1372 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1372 22 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1373 1 Only only RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1373 2 amoxicillin amoxicillin NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1373 3 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1373 4 recommended recommend VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1373 5 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1373 6 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1373 7 treatment treatment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1373 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1373 9 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1373 10 caused cause VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1373 11 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1373 12 E. E. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1373 13 coli coli NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1373 14 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1373 15 associated associate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1373 16 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1373 17 systemic systemic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1373 18 illness illness NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1373 19 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1374 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1374 2 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1374 3 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1374 4 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1374 5 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1374 6 no no DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1374 7 systemic systemic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1374 8 illness illness NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1374 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1374 10 normal normal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1374 11 appetite appetite NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1374 12 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1374 13 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1374 14 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1374 15 no no DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1374 16 fever fever NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1374 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1374 18 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1374 19 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1374 20 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1374 21 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1374 22 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1374 23 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1374 24 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1374 25 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1374 26 monitored monitor VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1374 27 carefully carefully RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1374 28 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1374 29 no no DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1374 30 antibiotics antibiotic NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1374 31 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1374 32 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1374 33 administered administer VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1374 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1374 35 Constable Constable NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1374 36 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1374 37 2004 2004 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1374 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1374 39 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1375 1 Bovine bovine JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1375 2 Viral Viral NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1375 3 Diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1375 4 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1375 5 occur occur VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1375 6 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1375 7 any any DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1375 8 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1375 9 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1376 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1376 2 infection infection NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1376 3 causes cause VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1376 4 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1376 5 immunosuppression immunosuppression NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1376 6 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1376 7 infected infected JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1376 8 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1376 9 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1376 10 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1376 11 lead lead VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1376 12 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1376 13 infections infection NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1376 14 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1376 15 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1376 16 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1376 17 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1376 18 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1376 19 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1377 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1377 2 Elvander Elvander NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1377 3 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1377 4 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1377 5 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1377 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1377 7 1998 1998 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1377 8 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1377 9 de de NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1377 10 Verdier Verdier NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1377 11 Klingenberg Klingenberg NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1377 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1377 13 2000 2000 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1377 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1378 1 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1378 2 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1378 3 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1378 4 increase increase VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1378 5 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1378 6 mortality mortality NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1378 7 rate rate NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1378 8 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1378 9 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1378 10 herd herd NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1379 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1379 2 Ersböll Ersböll NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1379 3 et et FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1379 4 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1379 5 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1379 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1379 7 2001 2001 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1379 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1379 9 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1380 1 Salmonella salmonella NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1380 2 spp spp NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1380 3 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1380 4 mainly mainly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1380 5 S S NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1380 6 dublin dublin NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1380 7 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1380 8 S S NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1380 9 typhimurium typhimurium NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1380 10 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1380 11 affect affect VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1380 12 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1380 13 usually usually RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1380 14 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1380 15 2 2 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1380 16 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1380 17 6 6 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1380 18 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1380 19 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1380 20 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1380 21 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1381 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1381 2 pathogen pathogen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1381 3 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1381 4 introduced introduce VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1381 5 into into IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1381 6 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1381 7 herd herd NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1381 8 via via IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1381 9 infected infected JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1381 10 feed feed NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1381 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1381 12 water water NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1381 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1381 14 pastures pasture NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1381 15 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1381 16 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1381 17 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1381 18 humans human NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1381 19 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1381 20 via via IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1381 21 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1381 22 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1381 23 entering enter VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1381 24 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1381 25 herd herd NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1381 26 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1382 1 Calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1382 2 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1382 3 infected infect VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1382 4 orally orally RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1382 5 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1382 6 clinical clinical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1382 7 signs sign NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1382 8 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1382 9 fever fever NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1382 10 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1382 11 bloody bloody JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1382 12 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1382 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1382 14 Carter Carter NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1382 15 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1382 16 Chengappa Chengappa NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1382 17 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1382 18 1991 1991 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1382 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1382 20 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1383 1 Clostridial clostridial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1383 2 infections infection NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1383 3 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1383 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1383 5 gastrointestinal gastrointestinal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1383 6 tract tract NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1383 7 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1383 8 sometimes sometimes RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1383 9 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1383 10 problem problem NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1383 11 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1383 12 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1383 13 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1384 1 Usually usually RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1384 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1384 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1384 4 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1384 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1384 6 less less JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1384 7 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1384 8 10 10 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1384 9 days day NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1384 10 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1384 11 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1384 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1384 13 develops develop VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1384 14 haemorrhagic haemorrhagic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1384 15 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1384 16 necrotic necrotic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1384 17 enteritis enteritis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1384 18 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1384 19 enterotoxemia enterotoxemia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1384 20 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1384 21 often often RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1384 22 associated associate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1384 23 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1384 24 clinical clinical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1384 25 abdominal abdominal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1384 26 pain pain NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1384 27 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1385 1 Affected affected JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1385 2 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1385 3 exhibit exhibit VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1385 4 tympany tympany JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1385 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1385 6 hemorrhagic hemorrhagic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1385 7 abomasitis abomasitis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1385 8 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1385 9 ulcerations ulceration NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1385 10 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1385 11 abomasum abomasum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1385 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1385 13 Songer Songer NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1385 14 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1385 15 Miskimins Miskimins NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1385 16 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1385 17 2005 2005 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1385 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1385 19 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1386 1 As as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1386 2 yet yet RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1386 3 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1386 4 relatively relatively RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1386 5 little little JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1386 6 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1386 7 known know VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1386 8 about about IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1386 9 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1386 10 etiology etiology NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1386 11 aside aside RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1386 12 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1386 13 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1386 14 participation participation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1386 15 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1386 16 C. C. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1386 17 perfringens perfringens NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1386 18 type type NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1386 19 A. a. NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1386 20 Overfeeding overfeeding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1386 21 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1386 22 feeding feeding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1386 23 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1386 24 decreases decrease VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1386 25 gut gut NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1386 26 motility motility NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1386 27 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1386 28 suggested suggest VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1386 29 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1386 30 contribute contribute VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1386 31 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1386 32 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1386 33 occurrence occurrence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1386 34 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1386 35 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1386 36 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1386 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1386 38 Songer Songer NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1386 39 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1386 40 Miskimins Miskimins NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1386 41 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1386 42 2005 2005 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1386 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1387 1 Eimeria Eimeria NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1387 2 spp spp NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1387 3 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1388 1 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1388 2 frequently frequently RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1388 3 present present JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1388 4 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1388 5 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1388 6 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1388 7 Europe Europe NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1388 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1388 9 Bürger Bürger NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1388 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1388 11 1983 1983 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1388 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1388 13 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1389 1 Predominantly predominantly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1389 2 E. E. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1389 3 ellipsoidalis ellipsoidalis NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1389 4 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1389 5 found find VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1389 6 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1389 7 housed house VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1389 8 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1389 9 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1389 10 East East NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1389 11 Germany Germany NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1390 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1390 2 Hiepe Hiepe NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1390 3 et et FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1390 4 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1390 5 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1390 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1390 7 1978 1978 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1390 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1390 9 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1390 10 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1390 11 distribution distribution NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1390 12 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1390 13 differ differ VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1390 14 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1390 15 country country NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1390 16 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1390 17 country country NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1390 18 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1391 1 Svensson Svensson NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1391 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1391 3 1993 1993 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1391 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1391 5 found find VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1391 6 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1391 7 predominance predominance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1391 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1391 9 E. E. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1391 10 alabamensis alabamensis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1391 11 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1391 12 Swedish swedish JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1391 13 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1391 14 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1391 15 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1392 1 Clinically clinically RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1392 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1392 3 signs sign NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1392 4 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1392 5 rarely rarely RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1392 6 seen see VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1392 7 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1392 8 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1392 9 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1392 10 occur occur VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1392 11 usually usually RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1392 12 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1392 13 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1392 14 result result NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1392 15 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1392 16 exposure exposure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1392 17 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1392 18 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1392 19 first first JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1392 20 grazing grazing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1392 21 season season NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1392 22 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1392 23 areas area NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1392 24 contaminated contaminate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1392 25 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1392 26 oocysts oocyst NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1392 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1392 28 Svensson Svensson NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1392 29 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1392 30 1993 1993 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1392 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1392 32 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1393 1 There there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1393 2 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1393 3 evidence evidence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1393 4 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1393 5 infection infection NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1393 6 rates rate NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1393 7 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1393 8 increased increase VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1393 9 since since IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1393 10 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1393 11 prohibition prohibition NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1393 12 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1393 13 tethering tethering NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1393 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1393 15 Berthold Berthold NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1393 16 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1393 17 pers pers NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1393 18 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1393 19 com com NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1393 20 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1393 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1393 22 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1394 1 Emeria Emeria NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1394 2 bovis bovis NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1394 3 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1394 4 Emeria Emeria NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1394 5 zuernii zuernii NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1394 6 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1394 7 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1394 8 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1394 9 protozoan protozoan NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1394 10 parasites parasite NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1394 11 belonging belong VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1394 12 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1394 13 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1394 14 same same JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1394 15 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1394 16 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1394 17 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1394 18 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1394 19 worldwide worldwide JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1394 20 distribution distribution NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1395 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1395 2 Urquhart Urquhart NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1395 3 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1395 4 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1395 5 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1395 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1395 7 1991 1991 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1395 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1395 9 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1396 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1396 2 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1396 3 often often RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1396 4 seen see VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1396 5 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1396 6 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1396 7 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1396 8 1 1 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1396 9 - - SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1396 10 6 6 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1396 11 months month NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1396 12 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1396 13 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1396 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1396 15 Holliman Holliman NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1396 16 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1396 17 2000 2000 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1396 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1396 19 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1397 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1397 2 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1397 3 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1397 4 triggered trigger VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1397 5 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1397 6 stress stress NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1397 7 such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1397 8 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1397 9 very very RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1397 10 cold cold JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1397 11 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1397 12 hot hot JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1397 13 climate climate NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1397 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1397 15 Urquhart Urquhart NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1397 16 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1397 17 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1397 18 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1397 19 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1397 20 1991 1991 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1397 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1397 22 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1398 1 Cryptosporidial cryptosporidial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1398 2 infection infection NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1398 3 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1398 4 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1398 5 less less JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1398 6 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1398 7 30 30 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1398 8 days day NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1398 9 old old JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1398 10 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1398 11 significantly significantly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1398 12 associated associate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1398 13 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1398 14 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1398 15 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1398 16 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1398 17 infection infection NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1398 18 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1398 19 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1398 20 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1398 21 herd herd NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1398 22 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1399 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1399 2 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1399 3 increases increase VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1399 4 when when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1399 5 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1399 6 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1399 7 grouped group VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1399 8 together together RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1399 9 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1399 10 when when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1399 11 hygiene hygiene NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1399 12 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1399 13 management management NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1399 14 practices practice NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1399 15 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1399 16 deficient deficient JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1400 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1400 2 Attwill Attwill NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1400 3 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1400 4 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1400 5 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1400 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1400 7 1999 1999 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1400 8 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1400 9 Mohammed Mohammed NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1400 10 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1400 11 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1400 12 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1400 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1400 14 1999 1999 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1400 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1400 16 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1401 1 Factors factor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1401 2 associated associate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1401 3 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1401 4 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1401 5 decreased decreased JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1401 6 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1401 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1401 8 infection infection NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1401 9 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1401 10 preweaning preweane VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1401 11 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1401 12 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1401 13 shown show VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1401 14 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1401 15 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1401 16 use use NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1401 17 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1401 18 ventilation ventilation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1401 19 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1401 20 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1401 21 rearing rearing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1401 22 areas area NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1401 23 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1401 24 daily daily JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1401 25 addition addition NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1401 26 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1401 27 bedding bedding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1401 28 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1401 29 feeding feeding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1401 30 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1401 31 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1401 32 replacer replacer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1401 33 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1401 34 daily daily JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1401 35 disposal disposal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1401 36 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1401 37 cleaning cleaning NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1401 38 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1401 39 bedding bedding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1401 40 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1401 41 use use NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1401 42 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1401 43 antibiotics antibiotic NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1401 44 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1402 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1402 2 addition addition NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1402 3 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1402 4 postweaning postweane VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1402 5 moving moving NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1402 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1402 7 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1402 8 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1402 9 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1402 10 associated associate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1402 11 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1402 12 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1402 13 decreased decreased JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1402 14 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1402 15 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1402 16 infection infection NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1402 17 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1402 18 C. C. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1402 19 parvum parvum NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1402 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1402 21 Mohammed Mohammed NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1402 22 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1402 23 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1402 24 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1402 25 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1402 26 1999 1999 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1402 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1402 28 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1403 1 Perryman Perryman NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1403 2 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1403 3 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1403 4 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1404 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1404 2 1999 1999 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1404 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1404 4 showed show VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1404 5 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1404 6 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1404 7 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1404 8 supply supply NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1404 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1404 10 immune immune JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1404 11 colostrum colostrum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1404 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1404 13 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1404 14 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1404 15 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1404 16 prevented prevent VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1404 17 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1405 1 Two two CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1405 2 species specie NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1405 3 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1405 4 distinguished distinguish VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1405 5 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1405 6 C. C. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1405 7 parvum parvum NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1405 8 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1405 9 C. C. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1405 10 andersoni andersoni RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1405 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1405 12 although although IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1405 13 only only RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1405 14 C. C. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1405 15 parvum parvum NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1405 16 has have VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1405 17 been be VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1405 18 shown show VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1405 19 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1405 20 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1405 21 associated associate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1405 22 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1405 23 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1405 24 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1406 1 Cryptosporidia Cryptosporidia NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1406 2 parvum parvum NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1406 3 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1406 4 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1406 5 intracellular intracellular JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1406 6 protozoan protozoan NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1406 7 parasite parasite NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1406 8 belonging belong VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1406 9 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1406 10 Coccidiae Coccidiae NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1406 11 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1407 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1407 2 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1407 3 UK UK NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1407 4 C. C. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1407 5 parvum parvum NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1407 6 has have VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1407 7 been be VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1407 8 considered consider VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1407 9 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1407 10 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1407 11 one one CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1407 12 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1407 13 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1407 14 most most RBS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1407 15 common common JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1407 16 agents agent NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1407 17 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1407 18 neonatal neonatal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1407 19 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1407 20 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1407 21 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1407 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1407 23 Reynolds Reynolds NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1407 24 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1407 25 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1407 26 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1407 27 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1407 28 1986 1986 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1407 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1407 30 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1408 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1408 2 Denmark Denmark NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1408 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1408 4 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1408 5 found find VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1408 6 mixed mixed JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1408 7 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1408 8 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1408 9 enteropathogens enteropathogen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1408 10 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1408 11 45 45 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1408 12 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1408 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1408 14 diseased diseased JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1408 15 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1408 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1408 17 Krogh Krogh NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1408 18 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1408 19 Henriksen Henriksen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1408 20 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1408 21 1985 1985 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1408 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1408 23 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1409 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1409 2 two two CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1409 3 recent recent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1409 4 Swedish swedish JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1409 5 studies study NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1409 6 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1409 7 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1409 8 found find VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1409 9 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1409 10 19 19 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1409 11 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1409 12 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1409 13 11 11 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1409 14 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1409 15 respectively respectively RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1409 16 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1409 17 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1409 18 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1409 19 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1409 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1409 21 De De NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1409 22 Verdier Verdier NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1409 23 Klingenberg Klingenberg NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1409 24 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1409 25 Svensson Svensson NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1409 26 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1409 27 1998 1998 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1409 28 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1409 29 Björkman Björkman NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1409 30 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1409 31 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1409 32 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1409 33 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1409 34 2003 2003 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1409 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1409 36 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1410 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1410 2 most most RBS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1410 3 common common JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1410 4 form form NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1410 5 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1410 6 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1410 7 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1410 8 affecting affect VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1410 9 young young JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1410 10 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1410 11 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1410 12 enzootic enzootic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1410 13 pneumonia pneumonia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1410 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1410 15 Ames Ames NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1410 16 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1410 17 1997 1997 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1410 18 ; ; . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1411 1 Radositis Radositis NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1411 2 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1411 3 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1411 4 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1411 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1411 6 1999 1999 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1411 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1411 8 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1412 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1412 2 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1412 3 considered consider VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1412 4 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1412 5 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1412 6 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1412 7 multifactorial multifactorial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1412 8 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1412 9 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1412 10 causative causative JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1412 11 agents agent NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1412 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1412 13 individuals individual NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1412 14 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1412 15 environmental environmental JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1412 16 factors factor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1412 17 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1412 18 important important JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1412 19 components component NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1412 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1412 21 Ames Ames NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1412 22 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1412 23 1997 1997 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1412 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1412 25 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1413 1 Enzootic enzootic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1413 2 pneumonia pneumonia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1413 3 usually usually RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1413 4 affects affect VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1413 5 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1413 6 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1413 7 1 1 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1413 8 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1413 9 6 6 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1413 10 months month NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1413 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1413 12 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1414 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1414 2 Radositis Radositis NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1414 3 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1414 4 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1414 5 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1414 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1414 7 1999 1999 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1414 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1414 9 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1415 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1415 2 signs sign NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1415 3 usually usually RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1415 4 found find VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1415 5 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1415 6 fever fever NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1415 7 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1415 8 nasal nasal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1415 9 discharge discharge NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1415 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1415 11 coughing coughing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1415 12 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1415 13 increased increase VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1415 14 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1415 15 sounds sound NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1415 16 when when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1415 17 lung lung NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1415 18 auscultation auscultation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1415 19 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1415 20 performed perform VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1415 21 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1416 1 Secondary secondary JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1416 2 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1416 3 infections infection NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1416 4 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1416 5 occur occur VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1416 6 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1416 7 might may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1416 8 increase increase VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1416 9 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1416 10 fever fever NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1416 11 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1417 1 Diagnosis diagnosis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1417 2 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1417 3 etiological etiological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1417 4 factors factor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1417 5 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1417 6 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1417 7 achieved achieve VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1417 8 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1417 9 serological serological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1417 10 examinations examination NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1417 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1417 12 viral viral JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1417 13 examinations examination NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1417 14 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1417 15 nasal nasal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1417 16 discharge discharge NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1417 17 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1417 18 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1417 19 autopsy autopsy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1417 20 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1418 1 Bovine bovine JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1418 2 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1418 3 syncytical syncytical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1418 4 virus virus NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1418 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1418 6 BRSV BRSV NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1418 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1418 8 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1418 9 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1418 10 worldwide worldwide JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1418 11 present present JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1418 12 agent agent NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1418 13 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1418 14 seasonal seasonal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1418 15 peaks peak NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1418 16 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1418 17 autumn autumn NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1418 18 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1418 19 winter winter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1418 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1418 21 Baker Baker NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1418 22 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1418 23 Frey Frey NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1418 24 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1418 25 1985 1985 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1418 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1418 27 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1419 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1419 2 virus virus NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1419 3 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1419 4 thought think VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1419 5 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1419 6 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1419 7 transmitted transmit VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1419 8 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1419 9 infected infected JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1419 10 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1419 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1419 12 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1419 13 transmission transmission NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1419 14 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1419 15 humans human NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1419 16 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1419 17 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1419 18 airborne airborne JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1419 19 transmission transmission NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1419 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1419 21 van van NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1419 22 der der NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1419 23 Pohl Pohl NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1419 24 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1419 25 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1419 26 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1419 27 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1419 28 1993 1993 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1419 29 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1419 30 Elvander Elvander NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1419 31 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1419 32 1996 1996 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1419 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1419 34 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1420 1 Morbidity morbidity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1420 2 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1420 3 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1420 4 high high JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1420 5 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1420 6 mortality mortality NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1420 7 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1420 8 usually usually RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1420 9 low low JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1420 10 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1421 1 Another another DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1421 2 virus virus NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1421 3 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1421 4 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1421 5 milder mild JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1421 6 course course NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1421 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1421 8 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1421 9 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1421 10 Para Para NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1421 11 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1421 12 influenza-3 influenza-3 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1421 13 virus virus NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1421 14 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1421 15 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1421 16 virus virus NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1421 17 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1421 18 cause cause VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1421 19 immunosuppression immunosuppression NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1421 20 predisposing predispose VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1421 21 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1421 22 secondary secondary JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1421 23 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1421 24 infections infection NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1421 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1421 26 Adair Adair NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1421 27 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1421 28 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1421 29 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1421 30 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1421 31 1999 1999 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1421 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1421 33 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1422 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1422 2 most most RBS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1422 3 common common JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1422 4 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1422 5 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1422 6 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1422 7 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1422 8 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1422 9 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1422 10 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1422 11 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1422 12 Pasteurella Pasteurella NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1422 13 multocida multocida NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1422 14 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1422 15 Manheimia Manheimia NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1422 16 hemolytica hemolytica NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1422 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1422 18 Mosier Mosier NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1422 19 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1422 20 1997 1997 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1422 21 ; ; . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1423 1 Bengtsson Bengtsson NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1423 2 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1423 3 Viring Viring NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1423 4 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1423 5 2000 2000 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1423 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1423 7 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1424 1 These these DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1424 2 agents agent NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1424 3 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1424 4 usually usually RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1424 5 found find VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1424 6 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1424 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1424 8 bovine bovine JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1424 9 nasopharynx nasopharynx NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1424 10 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1424 11 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1424 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1424 13 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1424 14 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1424 15 result result NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1424 16 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1424 17 viral viral JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1424 18 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1424 19 proliferate proliferate VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1424 20 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1424 21 colonise colonise VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1424 22 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1424 23 lungs lung NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1424 24 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1424 25 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1424 26 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1424 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1424 28 Kiorpes Kiorpes NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1424 29 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1424 30 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1424 31 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1424 32 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1424 33 1988 1988 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1424 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1424 35 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1425 1 Haemophilus Haemophilus NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1425 2 somnus somnus NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1425 3 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1425 4 shown show VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1425 5 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1425 6 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1425 7 commonly commonly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1425 8 present present JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1425 9 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1425 10 Danish danish JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1425 11 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1426 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1426 2 Tegtmeier Tegtmeier NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1426 3 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1426 4 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1426 5 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1426 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1426 7 1996 1996 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1426 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1426 9 where where WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1426 10 no no DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1426 11 such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1426 12 agents agent NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1426 13 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1426 14 found find VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1426 15 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1426 16 Swedish swedish JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1426 17 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1426 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1426 19 Bengtsson Bengtsson NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1426 20 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1426 21 Viring Viring NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1426 22 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1426 23 2000 2000 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1426 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1426 25 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1427 1 Arcanobacterium Arcanobacterium NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1427 2 pyogenes pyogene NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1427 3 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1427 4 Staphylococcus Staphylococcus NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1427 5 aureus aureus NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1427 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1427 7 Carter Carter NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1427 8 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1427 9 Chengappa Chengappa NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1427 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1427 11 1991 1991 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1427 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1427 13 as as RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1427 14 well well RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1427 15 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1427 16 Mycoplasma Mycoplasma NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1427 17 spp spp NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1427 18 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1428 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1428 2 Ames Ames NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1428 3 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1428 4 1997 1997 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1428 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1428 6 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1428 7 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1428 8 agents agent NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1428 9 found find VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1428 10 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1428 11 immune immune JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1428 12 depressed depressed JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1428 13 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1428 14 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1428 15 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1428 16 infections infection NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1428 17 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1429 1 Infections infection NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1429 2 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1429 3 occur occur VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1429 4 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1429 5 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1429 6 umbilical umbilical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1429 7 cord cord NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1430 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1430 2 Radositis Radositis NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1430 3 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1430 4 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1430 5 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1430 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1430 7 1999 1999 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1430 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1430 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1430 10 newborn newborn JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1430 11 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1430 12 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1431 1 Various various JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1431 2 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1431 3 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1431 4 found find VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1431 5 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1431 6 through through IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1431 7 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1431 8 bacteraemia bacteraemia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1431 9 infection infection NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1431 10 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1431 11 spread spread VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1431 12 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1431 13 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1431 14 joints joint NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1431 15 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1431 16 meninges meninge NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1431 17 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1431 18 internal internal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1431 19 organs organ NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1432 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1432 2 Radositis Radositis NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1432 3 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1432 4 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1432 5 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1432 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1432 7 1999 1999 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1432 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1432 9 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1433 1 Omphalitis Omphalitis NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1433 2 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1433 3 painful painful JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1433 4 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1433 5 response response NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1433 6 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1433 7 palpation palpation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1433 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1433 9 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1433 10 umbilicus umbilicus NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1433 11 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1434 1 Arthritis arthritis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1434 2 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1434 3 often often RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1434 4 secondary secondary JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1434 5 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1434 6 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1434 7 umbilical umbilical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1434 8 infection infection NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1434 9 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1434 10 usually usually RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1434 11 affects affect VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1434 12 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1434 13 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1434 14 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1434 15 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1434 16 first first JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1434 17 month month NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1434 18 resulting result VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1434 19 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1434 20 warm warm JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1434 21 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1434 22 swollen swollen JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1434 23 joints joint NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1434 24 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1434 25 fever fever NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1434 26 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1434 27 lameness lameness NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1435 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1435 2 Radositis Radositis NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1435 3 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1435 4 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1435 5 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1435 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1435 7 1999 1999 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1435 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1435 9 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1436 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1436 2 effect effect NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1436 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1436 4 environmental environmental JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1436 5 factors factor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1436 6 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1436 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1436 8 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1436 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1436 10 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1436 11 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1436 12 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1436 13 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1436 14 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1436 15 studied study VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1436 16 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1436 17 Lundborg Lundborg NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1436 18 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1436 19 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1436 20 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1437 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1437 2 2005 2005 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1437 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1437 4 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1437 5 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1437 6 same same JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1437 7 122 122 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1437 8 farms farm NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1437 9 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1437 10 3081 3081 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1437 11 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1437 12 as as RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1437 13 previously previously RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1437 14 reported report VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1437 15 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1437 16 Svensson Svensson NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1437 17 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1437 18 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1437 19 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1438 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1438 2 2003 2003 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1438 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1438 4 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1439 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1439 2 found find VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1439 3 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1439 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1439 5 placing placing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1439 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1439 7 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1439 8 pens pen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1439 9 along along IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1439 10 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1439 11 outer outer JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1439 12 wall wall NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1439 13 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1439 14 associated associate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1439 15 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1439 16 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1439 17 significantly significantly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1439 18 higher high JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1439 19 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1439 20 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1439 21 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1439 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1439 23 OR or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1439 24 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1439 25 1.92 1.92 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1439 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1439 27 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1440 1 An an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1440 2 ammonia ammonia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1440 3 level level NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1440 4 below below IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1440 5 6 6 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1440 6 ppm ppm NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1440 7 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1440 8 significantly significantly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1440 9 associated associate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1440 10 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1440 11 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1440 12 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1440 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1440 14 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1440 15 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1440 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1440 17 OR or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1440 18 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1440 19 0.42 0.42 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1440 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1440 21 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1440 22 variations variation NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1440 23 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1440 24 ammonia ammonia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1440 25 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1440 26 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1440 27 low low JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1440 28 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1440 29 while while IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1440 30 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1440 31 odds odd NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1440 32 ratio ratio NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1440 33 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1440 34 increased increase VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1440 35 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1440 36 sounds sound NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1440 37 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1440 38 associated associate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1440 39 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1440 40 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1440 41 BVDV BVDV NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1440 42 infection infection NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1440 43 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1440 44 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1440 45 herd herd NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1440 46 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1440 47 OR or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1440 48 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1440 49 2.39 2.39 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1440 50 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1440 51 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1440 52 draught draught NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1440 53 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1440 54 OR or NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1440 55 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1440 56 3.7 3.7 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1440 57 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1440 58 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1441 1 Absence absence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1441 2 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1441 3 draught draught NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1441 4 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1441 5 associated associate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1441 6 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1441 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1441 8 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1441 9 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1441 10 infectious infectious JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1441 11 diseases disease NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1441 12 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1441 13 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1441 14 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1441 15 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1441 16 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1441 17 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1441 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1441 19 OR or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1441 20 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1441 21 0.42 0.42 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1441 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1441 23 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1441 24 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1441 25 finding finding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1441 26 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1441 27 could could MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1441 28 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1441 29 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1441 30 explained explain VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1441 31 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1441 32 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1441 33 authors author NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1441 34 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1442 1 An an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1442 2 increased increase VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1442 3 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1442 4 mortality mortality NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1442 5 rate rate NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1442 6 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1442 7 herds herd NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1442 8 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1442 9 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1442 10 BVDV BVDV NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1442 11 infection infection NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1442 12 has have VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1442 13 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1442 14 been be VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1442 15 reported report VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1442 16 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1442 17 Ersböll Ersböll NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1442 18 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1442 19 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1442 20 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1443 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1443 2 2001 2001 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1443 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1444 1 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1444 2 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1444 3 eradication eradication NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1444 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1444 5 BVDV BVDV NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1444 6 infection infection NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1444 7 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1444 8 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1444 9 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1444 10 herd herd NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1444 11 has have VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1444 12 been be VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1444 13 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1444 14 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1444 15 decrease decrease VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1444 16 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1444 17 incidence incidence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1444 18 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1444 19 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1444 20 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1444 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1444 22 De De NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1444 23 Verdier Verdier NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1444 24 Klingenberg Klingenberg NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1444 25 et et FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1444 26 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1444 27 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1444 28 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1444 29 1999 1999 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1444 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1444 31 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1445 1 Typically typically RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1445 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1445 3 clinical clinical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1445 4 experience experience NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1445 5 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1445 6 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1445 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1445 8 incidence incidence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1445 9 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1445 10 prevalence prevalence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1445 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1445 12 infectious infectious JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1445 13 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1445 14 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1445 15 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1445 16 much much RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1445 17 higher high JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1445 18 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1445 19 rearing rear VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1445 20 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1445 21 where where WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1445 22 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1445 23 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1445 24 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1445 25 been be VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1445 26 bought buy VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1445 27 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1445 28 transported transport VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1445 29 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1445 30 several several JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1445 31 farms farm NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1445 32 where where WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1445 33 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1445 34 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1445 35 born bear VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1445 36 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1445 37 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1445 38 specific specific JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1445 39 rearing rearing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1445 40 farm farm NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1445 41 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1445 42 if if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1445 43 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1445 44 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1445 45 reared rear VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1445 46 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1445 47 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1445 48 farm farm NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1445 49 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1445 50 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1445 51 born bear VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1445 52 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1445 53 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1446 1 Calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1446 2 reared rear VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1446 3 indoors indoors RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1446 4 commonly commonly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1446 5 develop develop VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1446 6 complex complex JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1446 7 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1446 8 diseases disease NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1446 9 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1447 1 Bergmann Bergmann NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1447 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1447 3 1987 1987 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1447 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1447 5 reported report VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1447 6 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1447 7 62 62 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1447 8 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1447 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1447 10 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1447 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1447 12 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1447 13 large large JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1447 14 fattening fattening JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1447 15 unit unit NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1447 16 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1447 17 several several JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1447 18 thousand thousand CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1447 19 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1447 20 suffered suffer VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1447 21 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1447 22 bronchopneumonia bronchopneumonia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1447 23 within within IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1447 24 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1447 25 first first JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1447 26 six six CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1447 27 month month NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1447 28 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1447 29 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1447 30 life life NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1447 31 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1448 1 Similar similar JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1448 2 figures figure NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1448 3 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1448 4 reported report VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1448 5 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1448 6 Herrmann Herrmann NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1448 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1448 8 1987 1987 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1448 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1448 10 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1448 11 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1448 12 prevalence prevalence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1448 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1448 14 50 50 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1448 15 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1448 16 61 61 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1448 17 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1448 18 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1448 19 Lämke Lämke NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1448 20 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1448 21 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1448 22 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1449 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1449 2 1989 1989 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1449 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1450 1 45 45 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1450 2 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1450 3 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1450 4 Busato Busato NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1450 5 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1450 6 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1450 7 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1451 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1451 2 1997 1997 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1451 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1451 4 52 52 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1451 5 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1451 6 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1452 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1452 2 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1452 3 seems seem VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1452 4 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1452 5 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1452 6 continuously continuously RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1452 7 present present JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1452 8 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1452 9 does do VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1452 10 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1452 11 come come VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1452 12 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1452 13 go go VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1452 14 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1452 15 form form NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1452 16 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1452 17 isolated isolate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1452 18 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1452 19 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1453 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1453 2 Kielstein Kielstein NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1453 3 et et FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1453 4 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1453 5 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1454 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1454 2 1975 1975 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1454 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1454 4 called call VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1454 5 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1454 6 enzootic enzootic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1454 7 pneumonia pneumonia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1454 8 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1455 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1455 2 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1455 3 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1455 4 typical typical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1455 5 multifactorial multifactorial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1455 6 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1455 7 caused cause VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1455 8 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1455 9 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1455 10 variety variety NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1455 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1455 12 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1455 13 types type NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1455 14 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1455 15 micro micro NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1455 16 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1455 17 organisms organism NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1455 18 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1455 19 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1455 20 always always RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1455 21 present present JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1455 22 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1455 23 becoming become VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1455 24 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1455 25 nuisance nuisance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1455 26 only only RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1455 27 when when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1455 28 additional additional JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1455 29 factors factor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1455 30 contribute contribute VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1455 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1455 32 Grunert Grunert NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1455 33 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1455 34 1993 1993 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1455 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1455 36 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1456 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1456 2 most most RBS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1456 3 prominent prominent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1456 4 reasons reason NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1456 5 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1456 6 losses loss NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1456 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1456 8 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1456 9 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1456 10 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1456 11 first first JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1456 12 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1456 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1456 14 life life NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1456 15 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1456 16 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1456 17 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1456 18 digestive digestive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1456 19 disorders disorder NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1456 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1456 21 Katikaridis Katikaridis NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1456 22 2000 2000 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1456 23 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1456 24 Girnus Girnus NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1456 25 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1456 26 2004 2004 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1456 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1456 28 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1457 1 Losses loss NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1457 2 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1457 3 reach reach VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1457 4 6 6 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1457 5 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1457 6 12 12 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1457 7 per per NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1457 8 cent cent NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1457 9 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1457 10 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1457 11 first first JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1457 12 six six CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1457 13 months month NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1457 14 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1457 15 rearing rearing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1458 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1458 2 Berchtold Berchtold NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1458 3 et et FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1458 4 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1458 5 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1458 6 1990 1990 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1458 7 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1458 8 others other NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1458 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1458 10 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1459 1 Estimations estimation NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1459 2 show show VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1459 3 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1459 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1459 5 financial financial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1459 6 losses loss NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1459 7 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1459 8 reaching reach VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1459 9 100 100 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1459 10 million million CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1459 11 € € NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1459 12 /year /year , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1459 13 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1459 14 Germany Germany NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1459 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1459 16 Biewer Biewer NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1459 17 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1459 18 2001 2001 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1459 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1459 20 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1460 1 This this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1460 2 sum sum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1460 3 does do VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1460 4 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1460 5 cover cover VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1460 6 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1460 7 costs cost NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1460 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1460 9 veterinary veterinary JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1460 10 treatment treatment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1460 11 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1460 12 reduced reduce VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1460 13 growth growth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1460 14 rates rate NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1460 15 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1460 16 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1460 17 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1460 18 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1461 1 There there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1461 2 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1461 3 several several JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1461 4 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1461 5 studies study NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1461 6 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1461 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1461 8 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1461 9 diseases disease NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1461 10 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1461 11 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1461 12 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1461 13 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1461 14 first first JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1461 15 couple couple NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1461 16 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1461 17 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1461 18 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1461 19 life life NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1461 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1461 21 Katikaridis Katikaridis NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1461 22 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1461 23 2000 2000 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1461 24 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1461 25 Biewer Biewer NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1461 26 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1461 27 2001 2001 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1461 28 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1461 29 Girnus Girnus NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1461 30 2004 2004 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1461 31 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1461 32 Svenson Svenson NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1461 33 et et FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1461 34 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1461 35 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1461 36 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1461 37 2006 2006 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1461 38 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1462 1 Heinrichs Heinrichs NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1462 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1462 3 1991 1991 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1462 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1462 5 reported report VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1462 6 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1462 7 64 64 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1462 8 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1462 9 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1462 10 70 70 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1462 11 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1462 12 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1462 13 2,273 2,273 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1462 14 fallen fall VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1462 15 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1462 16 coming come VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1462 17 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1462 18 post post JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1462 19 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1462 20 mortem mortem JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1462 21 dissection dissection NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1462 22 showed show VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1462 23 digestive digestive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1462 24 disorders disorder NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1462 25 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1463 1 Calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1463 2 4 4 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1463 3 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1463 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1463 5 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1463 6 died die VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1463 7 predominantly predominantly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1463 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1463 9 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1463 10 diseases disease NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1463 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1463 12 40 40 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1463 13 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1463 14 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1463 15 70 70 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1463 16 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1463 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1463 18 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1464 1 An an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1464 2 investigation investigation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1464 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1464 4 3,334 3,334 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1464 5 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1464 6 less less JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1464 7 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1464 8 4 4 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1464 9 months month NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1464 10 shows show VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1464 11 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1464 12 enzootic enzootic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1464 13 bronchopneumonia bronchopneumonia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1464 14 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1464 15 already already RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1464 16 start start VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1464 17 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1464 18 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1464 19 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1464 20 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1464 21 2 2 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1464 22 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1464 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1464 24 Buhr Buhr NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1464 25 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1464 26 1996 1996 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1464 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1464 28 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1465 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1465 2 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1465 3 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1465 4 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1465 5 older old JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1465 6 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1465 7 4 4 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1465 8 months month NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1465 9 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1466 1 49 49 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1466 2 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1466 3 displayed display VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1466 4 abomasum abomasum NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1466 5 enteritis enteritis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1466 6 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1467 1 32 32 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1467 2 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1467 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1467 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1467 5 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1467 6 suffered suffer VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1467 7 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1467 8 pneumo pneumo NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1467 9 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1467 10 abomasal abomasal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1467 11 enteritis enteritis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1467 12 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1468 1 Only only RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1468 2 4.5 4.5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1468 3 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1468 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1468 5 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1468 6 fallen fall VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1468 7 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1468 8 suffered suffer VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1468 9 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1468 10 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1468 11 distinct distinct JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1468 12 pneumonia pneumonia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1468 13 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1469 1 An an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1469 2 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1469 3 survey survey NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1469 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1469 5 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1469 6 losses loss NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1469 7 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1469 8 free free JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1469 9 range range NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1469 10 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1469 11 suckling suckle VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1469 12 cow cow NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1469 13 herds herd NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1469 14 showed show VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1469 15 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1469 16 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1469 17 percentage percentage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1469 18 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1469 19 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1469 20 losses loss NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1469 21 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1469 22 increased increase VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1469 23 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1469 24 herd herd NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1469 25 size size NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1469 26 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1470 1 97 97 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1470 2 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1470 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1470 4 herds herd NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1470 5 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1470 6 less less JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1470 7 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1470 8 20 20 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1470 9 suckling suckle VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1470 10 cows cow NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1470 11 had have VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1470 12 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1470 13 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1470 14 mortality mortality NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1470 15 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1470 16 less less JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1470 17 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1470 18 10 10 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1470 19 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1470 20 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1471 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1471 2 herds herd NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1471 3 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1471 4 more more JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1471 5 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1471 6 300 300 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1471 7 cows cow NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1471 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1471 9 these these DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1471 10 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1471 11 9 9 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1471 12 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1471 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1471 14 all all DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1471 15 investigated investigate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1471 16 farms farm NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1471 17 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1471 18 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1471 19 losses loss NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1471 20 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1471 21 higher high JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1471 22 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1471 23 10 10 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1471 24 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1472 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1472 2 Laiblin Laiblin NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1472 3 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1472 4 Metzner Metzner NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1472 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1472 6 1996 1996 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1472 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1472 8 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1473 1 Main main JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1473 2 disorders disorder NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1473 3 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1473 4 again again RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1473 5 diseases disease NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1473 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1473 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1473 8 digestive digestive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1473 9 tract tract NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1473 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1473 11 50 50 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1473 12 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1473 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1473 14 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1473 15 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1473 16 tract tract NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1473 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1473 18 38 38 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1473 19 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1473 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1473 21 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1474 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1474 2 authors author NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1474 3 calculated calculate VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1474 4 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1474 5 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1474 6 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1474 7 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1474 8 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1474 9 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1474 10 born bear VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1474 11 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1474 12 cows cow NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1474 13 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1474 14 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1474 15 housed house VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1474 16 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1474 17 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1474 18 calving calving NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1474 19 season season NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1474 20 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1474 21 2.45 2.45 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1474 22 times time NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1474 23 higher high JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1474 24 compared compare VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1474 25 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1474 26 cows cow NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1474 27 kept keep VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1474 28 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1474 29 whole whole JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1474 30 year year NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1474 31 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1474 32 free free JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1474 33 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1474 34 range range NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1474 35 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1475 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1475 2 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1475 3 data datum NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1475 4 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1475 5 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1475 6 vast vast JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1475 7 majority majority NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1475 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1475 9 investigations investigation NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1475 10 suggest suggest VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1475 11 considerable considerable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1475 12 differences difference NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1475 13 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1475 14 morbidity morbidity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1475 15 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1475 16 mortality mortality NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1475 17 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1475 18 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1475 19 among among IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1475 20 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1475 21 farms farm NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1475 22 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1476 1 This this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1476 2 implies imply VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1476 3 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1476 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1476 5 management management NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1476 6 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1476 7 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1476 8 conditions condition NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1476 9 greatly greatly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1476 10 influence influence VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1476 11 heath heath NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1476 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1476 13 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1476 14 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1476 15 survival survival NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1476 16 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1476 17 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1476 18 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1476 19 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1476 20 first first JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1476 21 6 6 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1476 22 months month NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1476 23 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1476 24 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1476 25 life life NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1476 26 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1477 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1477 2 situation situation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1477 3 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1477 4 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1477 5 substantially substantially RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1477 6 improved improve VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1477 7 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1477 8 vaccination vaccination NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1477 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1477 10 cows cow NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1477 11 against against IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1477 12 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1477 13 cocktail cocktail NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1477 14 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1477 15 infectious infectious JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1477 16 agents agent NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1477 17 causing cause VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1477 18 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1477 19 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1478 1 There there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1478 2 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1478 3 no no DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1478 4 experimental experimental JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1478 5 studies study NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1478 6 available available JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1478 7 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1478 8 indicate indicate VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1478 9 whether whether IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1478 10 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1478 11 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1478 12 there there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1478 13 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1478 14 any any DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1478 15 advantage advantage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1478 16 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1478 17 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1478 18 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1478 19 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1478 20 preventing prevent VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1478 21 individuals individual NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1478 22 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1478 23 separate separate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1478 24 pens pen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1478 25 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1478 26 social social JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1478 27 contact contact NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1478 28 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1478 29 opposed oppose VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1478 30 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1478 31 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1478 32 disadvantage disadvantage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1478 33 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1478 34 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1478 35 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1478 36 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1478 37 greater great JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1478 38 spread spread NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1478 39 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1478 40 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1478 41 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1478 42 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1478 43 where where WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1478 44 such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1478 45 social social JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1478 46 contact contact NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1478 47 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1478 48 possible possible JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1478 49 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1479 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1479 2 general general JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1479 3 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1479 4 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1479 5 spread spread NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1479 6 occurs occur VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1479 7 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1479 8 buildings building NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1479 9 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1479 10 continous continous JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1479 11 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1479 12 space space NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1479 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1479 14 contact contact NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1479 15 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1479 16 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1479 17 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1479 18 clearly clearly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1479 19 identified identify VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1479 20 factor factor NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1479 21 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1480 1 However however RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1480 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1480 3 recent recent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1480 4 results result NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1480 5 indicate indicate VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1480 6 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1480 7 important important JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1480 8 role role NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1480 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1480 10 direct direct JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1480 11 contact contact NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1480 12 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1480 13 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1480 14 transmission transmission NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1480 15 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1480 16 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1480 17 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1480 18 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1480 19 hence hence RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1480 20 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1480 21 importance importance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1480 22 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1480 23 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1480 24 control control NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1480 25 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1480 26 decreasing decrease VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1480 27 direct direct JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1480 28 contact contact NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1480 29 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1480 30 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1480 31 within within IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1480 32 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1480 33 same same JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1480 34 building building NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1480 35 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1480 36 means mean NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1480 37 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1480 38 solid solid JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1480 39 walls wall NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1480 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1480 41 see see VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1480 42 chapter chapter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1480 43 8/9/10 8/9/10 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1480 44 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1480 45 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1481 1 Antibiotic antibiotic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1481 2 resistance resistance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1482 1 Although although IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1482 2 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1482 3 use use NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1482 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1482 5 antibiotics antibiotic NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1482 6 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1482 7 growth growth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1482 8 promoters promoter NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1482 9 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1482 10 being be VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1482 11 progressively progressively RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1482 12 restricted restrict VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1482 13 through through IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1482 14 EU EU NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1482 15 regulations regulation NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1482 16 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1482 17 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1482 18 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1482 19 still still RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1482 20 used use VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1482 21 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1482 22 large large JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1482 23 quantities quantity NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1482 24 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1482 25 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1482 26 rearing rearing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1482 27 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1482 28 both both CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1482 29 prophylactic prophylactic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1482 30 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1482 31 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1482 32 purposes purpose NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1482 33 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1483 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1483 2 those those DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1483 3 instances instance NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1483 4 where where WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1483 5 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1483 6 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1483 7 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1483 8 reared rear VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1483 9 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1483 10 site site NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1483 11 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1483 12 transported transport VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1483 13 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1483 14 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1483 15 locations location NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1483 16 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1483 17 mixed mix VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1483 18 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1483 19 groups group NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1483 20 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1483 21 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1483 22 incidence incidence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1483 23 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1483 24 clinical clinical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1483 25 illness illness NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1483 26 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1483 27 high high JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1483 28 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1483 29 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1483 30 use use NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1483 31 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1483 32 antibiotics antibiotic NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1483 33 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1483 34 frequent frequent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1483 35 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1484 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1484 2 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1484 3 study study NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1484 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1484 5 antibiotic antibiotic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1484 6 resistance resistance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1484 7 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1484 8 Berge Berge NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1484 9 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1484 10 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1484 11 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1485 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1485 2 2003 2003 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1485 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1485 4 found find VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1485 5 high high JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1485 6 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1485 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1485 8 multiple multiple JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1485 9 resistance resistance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1485 10 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1485 11 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1485 12 commensal commensal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1485 13 faecal faecal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1485 14 Escherichia Escherichia NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1485 15 coli coli NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1485 16 both both DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1485 17 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1485 18 farms farm NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1485 19 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1485 20 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1485 21 production production NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1485 22 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1485 23 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1485 24 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1485 25 farms farm NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1485 26 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1486 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1486 2 investigators investigator NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1486 3 found find VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1486 4 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1486 5 Escherichia Escherichia NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1486 6 coli coli NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1486 7 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1486 8 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1486 9 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1486 10 dedicated dedicated JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1486 11 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1486 12 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1486 13 rearing rear VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1486 14 facilities facility NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1486 15 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1486 16 more more RBR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1486 17 likely likely JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1486 18 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1486 19 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1486 20 multiple multiple JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1486 21 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1486 22 resistant resistant JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1486 23 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1486 24 E. E. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1486 25 coli coli NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1486 26 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1486 27 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1486 28 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1486 29 reared rear VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1486 30 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1486 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1486 32 OR or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1486 33 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1486 34 2.4 2.4 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1486 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1486 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1486 37 Berge Berge NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1486 38 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1486 39 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1486 40 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1486 41 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1486 42 2005a 2005a CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1486 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1486 44 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1487 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1487 2 her -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1487 3 PhD phd NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1487 4 thesis thesis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1487 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1487 6 Berge Berge NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1487 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1487 8 2004 2004 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1487 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1487 10 showed show VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1487 11 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1487 12 both both DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1487 13 prophylactic prophylactic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1487 14 use use NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1487 15 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1487 16 antibiotics antibiotic NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1487 17 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1487 18 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1487 19 replacer replacer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1487 20 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1487 21 individual individual JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1487 22 antibiotic antibiotic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1487 23 therapy therapy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1487 24 increased increase VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1487 25 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1487 26 resistance resistance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1487 27 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1487 28 faecal faecal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1487 29 E. E. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1487 30 coli coli NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1487 31 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1487 32 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1487 33 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1488 1 E. E. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1488 2 coli coli VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1488 3 isolates isolate NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1488 4 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1488 5 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1488 6 ranches ranch NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1488 7 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1488 8 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1488 9 most most RBS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1488 10 resistant resistant JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1488 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1488 12 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1488 13 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1488 14 order order NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1488 15 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1488 16 decreasing decrease VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1488 17 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1488 18 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1488 19 isolates isolate NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1488 20 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1488 21 feedlots feedlot NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1488 22 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1488 23 dairies dairy NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1488 24 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1488 25 beef beef NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1488 26 cow cow NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1488 27 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1488 28 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1488 29 farms farm NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1488 30 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1489 1 On on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1489 2 organic organic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1489 3 dairies dairy NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1489 4 fewer few JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1489 5 resistant resistant JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1489 6 E. E. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1489 7 coli coli NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1489 8 isolates isolate NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1489 9 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1489 10 found find VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1489 11 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1489 12 comparison comparison NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1489 13 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1489 14 conventional conventional JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1489 15 dairies dairy NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1489 16 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1490 1 E. E. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1490 2 coli coli VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1490 3 isolates isolate NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1490 4 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1490 5 beef beef NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1490 6 cow cow NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1490 7 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1490 8 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1490 9 farms farm NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1490 10 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1490 11 less less RBR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1490 12 resistant resistant JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1490 13 if if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1490 14 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1490 15 farms farm NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1490 16 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1490 17 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1490 18 remote remote JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1490 19 locations location NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1490 20 compared compare VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1490 21 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1490 22 those those DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1490 23 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1490 24 locations location NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1490 25 close close JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1490 26 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1490 27 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1490 28 intense intense JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1490 29 areas area NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1490 30 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1491 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1491 2 use use NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1491 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1491 4 antibiotics antibiotic NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1491 5 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1491 6 treat treat VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1491 7 clinical clinical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1491 8 illness illness NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1491 9 will will MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1491 10 increase increase VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1491 11 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1491 12 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1491 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1491 14 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1491 15 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1491 16 given give VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1491 17 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1491 18 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1491 19 drug drug NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1491 20 has have VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1491 21 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1491 22 beneficial beneficial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1491 23 clinical clinical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1491 24 effect effect NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1491 25 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1492 1 However however RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1492 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1492 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1492 4 frequent frequent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1492 5 use use NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1492 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1492 7 antibiotics antibiotic NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1492 8 results result NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1492 9 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1492 10 increasing increase VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1492 11 resistance resistance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1492 12 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1492 13 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1492 14 such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1492 15 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1492 16 E. E. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1492 17 coli coli NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1492 18 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1492 19 thus thus RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1492 20 poses pose VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1492 21 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1492 22 threat threat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1492 23 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1492 24 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1492 25 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1492 26 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1492 27 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1492 28 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1492 29 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1492 30 longer long JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1492 31 perspective perspective NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1492 32 as as RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1492 33 well well RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1492 34 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1492 35 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1492 36 man man VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1492 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1492 38 Aarestrup Aarestrup NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1492 39 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1492 40 Wegener Wegener NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1492 41 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1492 42 1999 1999 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1492 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1492 44 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1493 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1493 2 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1493 3 clinical clinical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1493 4 trial trial NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1493 5 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1493 6 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1493 7 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1493 8 ranch ranch NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1493 9 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1493 10 California California NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1493 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1493 12 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1493 13 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1493 14 shown show VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1493 15 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1493 16 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1493 17 most most RBS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1493 18 important important JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1493 19 factor factor NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1493 20 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1493 21 decreasing decrease VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1493 22 morbidity morbidity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1493 23 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1493 24 mortality mortality NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1493 25 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1493 26 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1493 27 ensure ensure VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1493 28 adequate adequate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1493 29 passive passive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1493 30 transfer transfer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1493 31 through through IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1493 32 colostrum colostrum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1493 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1493 34 Berge Berge NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1493 35 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1493 36 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1493 37 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1493 38 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1493 39 2005c 2005c CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1493 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1493 41 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1494 1 Thereafter thereafter RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1494 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1494 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1494 4 ability ability NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1494 5 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1494 6 use use VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1494 7 antibiotics antibiotic NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1494 8 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1494 9 clinical clinical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1494 10 treatment treatment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1494 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1494 12 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1494 13 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1494 14 important important JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1494 15 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1494 16 decrease decrease VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1494 17 morbidity morbidity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1494 18 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1494 19 mortality mortality NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1494 20 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1495 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1495 2 use use NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1495 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1495 4 antibiotics antibiotic NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1495 5 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1495 6 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1495 7 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1495 8 replacer replacer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1495 9 had have VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1495 10 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1495 11 minor minor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1495 12 protective protective JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1495 13 effect effect NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1495 14 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1495 15 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1495 16 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1495 17 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1496 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1496 2 authors author NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1496 3 concluded conclude VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1496 4 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1496 5 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1496 6 order order NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1496 7 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1496 8 minimize minimize VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1496 9 prophylactic prophylactic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1496 10 use use NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1496 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1496 12 antibiotics antibiotic NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1496 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1496 14 adequate adequate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1496 15 passive passive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1496 16 transfer transfer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1496 17 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1496 18 colostrum colostrum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1496 19 needs need VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1496 20 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1496 21 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1496 22 assured assure VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1496 23 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1497 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1497 2 measures measure NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1497 3 need need VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1497 4 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1497 5 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1497 6 taken take VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1497 7 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1497 8 optimize optimize VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1497 9 nutrition nutrition NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1497 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1497 11 decrease decrease VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1497 12 environmental environmental JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1497 13 stress stress NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1497 14 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1497 15 pathogen pathogen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1497 16 load load NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1497 17 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1497 18 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1497 19 farms farm NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1497 20 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1498 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1498 2 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1498 3 same same JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1498 4 study study NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1498 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1498 6 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1498 7 antibiotic antibiotic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1498 8 resistance resistance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1498 9 patterns pattern NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1498 10 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1498 11 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1498 12 commensal commensal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1498 13 faecal faecal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1498 14 E. E. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1498 15 coli coli NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1498 16 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1498 17 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1498 18 receiving receive VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1498 19 antibiotics antibiotic NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1498 20 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1498 21 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1498 22 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1498 23 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1498 24 replacer replacer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1498 25 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1498 26 antibiotics antibiotic NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1498 27 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1498 28 clinical clinical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1498 29 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1498 30 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1498 31 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1498 32 no no DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1498 33 antibiotic antibiotic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1498 34 therapy therapy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1498 35 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1498 36 compared compare VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1499 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1499 2 Berge Berge NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1499 3 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1499 4 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1499 5 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1499 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1499 7 2004 2004 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1499 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1499 9 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1500 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1500 2 study study NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1500 3 showed show VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1500 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1500 5 emergence emergence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1500 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1500 7 highly highly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1500 8 multiple multiple JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1500 9 resistant resistant JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1500 10 E. E. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1500 11 coli coli NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1500 12 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1500 13 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1500 14 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1500 15 receiving receive VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1500 16 antibiotics antibiotic NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1500 17 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1500 18 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1500 19 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1500 20 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1500 21 replacer replacer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1500 22 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1501 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1501 2 commensal commensal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1501 3 faecal faecal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1501 4 E. E. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1501 5 coli coli NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1501 6 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1501 7 predominantly predominantly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1501 8 resistant resistant JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1501 9 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1501 10 at at RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1501 11 least least RBS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1501 12 10 10 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1501 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1501 14 12 12 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1501 15 antibiotics antibiotic NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1501 16 tested test VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1501 17 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1502 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1502 2 resistance resistance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1502 3 covered cover VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1502 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1502 5 antibiotics antibiotic NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1502 6 available available JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1502 7 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1502 8 clinical clinical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1502 9 therapy therapy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1502 10 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1503 1 Antibiotic antibiotic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1503 2 treatments treatment NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1503 3 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1503 4 clinical clinical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1503 5 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1503 6 resulted result VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1503 7 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1503 8 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1503 9 transitory transitory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1503 10 shift shift NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1503 11 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1503 12 more more RBR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1503 13 resistant resistant JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1503 14 faecal faecal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1503 15 E. E. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1503 16 coli coli NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1503 17 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1503 18 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1503 19 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1503 20 effect effect NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1503 21 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1503 22 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1503 23 detectable detectable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1503 24 approximately approximately RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1503 25 7 7 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1503 26 days day NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1503 27 post post NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1503 28 - - NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1503 29 treatment treatment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1503 30 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1504 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1504 2 effect effect NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1504 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1504 4 clinical clinical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1504 5 therapy therapy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1504 6 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1504 7 antibiotics antibiotic NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1504 8 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1504 9 similarly similarly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1504 10 assessed assess VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1504 11 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1504 12 steers steer NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1504 13 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1504 14 South South NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1504 15 Dakota Dakota NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1504 16 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1505 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1505 2 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1505 3 feedlot feedlot NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1505 4 study study NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1505 5 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1505 6 single single JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1505 7 dose dose NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1505 8 injectable injectable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1505 9 florfenicol florfenicol NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1505 10 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1505 11 steers steer NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1505 12 resulted result VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1505 13 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1505 14 transitory transitory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1505 15 shifts shift NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1505 16 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1505 17 increasing increase VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1505 18 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1505 19 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1505 20 multiple multiple JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1505 21 resistant resistant JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1505 22 E. E. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1505 23 coli coli NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1505 24 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1505 25 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1505 26 faeces faece NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1505 27 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1506 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1506 2 E. E. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1506 3 coli coli NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1506 4 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1506 5 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1506 6 treated treat VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1506 7 steers steer NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1506 8 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1506 9 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1506 10 only only RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1506 11 more more RBR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1506 12 resistant resistant JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1506 13 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1506 14 chloramphenicol chloramphenicol NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1506 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1506 16 same same JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1506 17 antibiotic antibiotic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1506 18 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1506 19 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1506 20 florfenicol florfenicol NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1506 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1506 22 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1506 23 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1506 24 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1506 25 increasingly increasingly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1506 26 resistant resistant JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1506 27 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1506 28 several several JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1506 29 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1506 30 antibiotics antibiotic NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1506 31 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1506 32 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1506 33 antibiotic antibiotic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1506 34 classes class NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1506 35 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1507 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1507 2 Berge Berge NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1507 3 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1507 4 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1507 5 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1508 1 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1508 2 2005b 2005b CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1508 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1509 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1509 2 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1509 3 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1509 4 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1509 5 has have VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1509 6 been be VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1509 7 estimated estimate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1509 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1509 9 Kelton Kelton NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1509 10 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1509 11 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1509 12 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1510 1 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1510 2 1998 1998 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1510 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1510 4 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1510 5 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1510 6 2 2 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1510 7 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1510 8 55 55 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1510 9 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1510 10 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1510 11 all all DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1510 12 lactations lactation NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1510 13 include include VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1510 14 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1510 15 mastitis mastitis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1510 16 infection infection NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1510 17 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1511 1 Most Most JJS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1511 2 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1511 3 these these DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1511 4 cases case NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1511 5 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1511 6 treated treat VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1511 7 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1511 8 antibiotics antibiotic NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1511 9 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1512 1 Milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1512 2 must must MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1512 3 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1512 4 withheld withhold VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1512 5 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1512 6 sale sale NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1512 7 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1512 8 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1512 9 treatment treatment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1512 10 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1512 11 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1512 12 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1512 13 compulsory compulsory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1512 14 withdrawal withdrawal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1512 15 period period NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1512 16 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1513 1 Such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1513 2 " " `` cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1513 3 waste waste NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1513 4 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1513 5 " " '' cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1513 6 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1513 7 often often RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1513 8 fed feed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1513 9 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1513 10 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1513 11 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1513 12 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1513 13 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1513 14 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1513 15 most most RBS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1513 16 economical economical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1513 17 alternative alternative NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1513 18 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1513 19 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1513 20 farmer farmer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1513 21 's 's POS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1513 22 perspective perspective NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1513 23 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1514 1 Earlier early JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1514 2 studies study NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1514 3 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1514 4 previously previously RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1514 5 given give VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1514 6 various various JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1514 7 results result NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1514 8 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1514 9 how how WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1514 10 antibiotic antibiotic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1514 11 resistance resistance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1514 12 develops develop VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1514 13 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1514 14 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1514 15 result result NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1514 16 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1514 17 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1514 18 use use NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1514 19 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1514 20 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1514 21 procedure procedure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1514 22 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1515 1 Recently recently RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1515 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1515 3 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1515 4 controlled control VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1515 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1515 6 multiple multiple JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1515 7 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1515 8 dose dose NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1515 9 experiment experiment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1515 10 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1515 11 Langford Langford NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1515 12 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1515 13 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1515 14 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1516 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1516 2 2003 2003 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1516 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1516 4 found find VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1516 5 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1516 6 increasing increase VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1516 7 resistance resistance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1516 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1516 9 gut gut NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1516 10 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1516 11 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1516 12 antibiotics antibiotic NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1516 13 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1516 14 increasing increase VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1516 15 concentrations concentration NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1516 16 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1516 17 penicillin penicillin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1516 18 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1516 19 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1516 20 fed feed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1516 21 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1516 22 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1516 23 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1516 24 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1517 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1517 2 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1517 3 multi multi JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1517 4 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1517 5 farm farm JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1517 6 study study NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1517 7 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1517 8 California California NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1517 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1517 10 Berge Berge NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1517 11 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1517 12 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1517 13 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1517 14 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1517 15 2006 2006 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1517 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1517 17 including include VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1517 18 26 26 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1517 19 dairies dairy NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1517 20 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1517 21 no no DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1517 22 association association NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1517 23 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1517 24 found find VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1517 25 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1517 26 increasing increase VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1517 27 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1517 28 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1517 29 antibiotic antibiotic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1517 30 resistance resistance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1517 31 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1517 32 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1517 33 faecal faecal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1517 34 E. E. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1517 35 coli coli NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1517 36 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1517 37 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1517 38 consumption consumption NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1517 39 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1517 40 waste waste NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1517 41 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1517 42 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1518 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1518 2 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1518 3 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1518 4 however however RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1518 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1518 6 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1518 7 noted note VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1518 8 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1518 9 mastitis mastitis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1518 10 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1518 11 these these DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1518 12 dairies dairy NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1518 13 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1518 14 predominantly predominantly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1518 15 treated treat VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1518 16 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1518 17 intra intra JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1518 18 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1518 19 mammary mammary JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1518 20 antibiotics antibiotic NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1518 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1518 22 cephalosporins cephalosporin NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1518 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1518 24 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1518 25 injectable injectable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1518 26 antibiotics antibiotic NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1518 27 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1518 28 rarely rarely RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1518 29 used use VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1518 30 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1518 31 mastitis mastitis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1518 32 treatments treatment NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1518 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1518 34 Berge Berge NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1518 35 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1518 36 non non JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1518 37 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1518 38 published published JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1518 39 data datum NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1518 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1518 41 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1519 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1519 2 use use NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1519 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1519 4 rearing rear VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1519 5 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1519 6 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1519 7 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1519 8 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1519 9 increase increase VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1519 10 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1519 11 incidence incidence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1519 12 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1519 13 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1519 14 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1519 15 thus thus RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1519 16 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1519 17 use use NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1519 18 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1519 19 antibiotics antibiotic NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1519 20 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1519 21 either either CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1519 22 preventive preventive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1519 23 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1519 24 clinical clinical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1519 25 purposes purpose NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1519 26 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1519 27 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1519 28 avoided avoid VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1519 29 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1520 1 Further further RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1520 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1520 3 there there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1520 4 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1520 5 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1520 6 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1520 7 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1520 8 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1520 9 use use NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1520 10 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1520 11 " " `` cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1520 12 waste waste NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1520 13 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1520 14 " " '' cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1520 15 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1520 16 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1520 17 will will MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1520 18 increase increase VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1520 19 antibiotic antibiotic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1520 20 resistance resistance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1520 21 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1520 22 gut gut NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1520 23 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1520 24 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1520 25 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1520 26 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1521 1 11 11 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1521 2 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1522 1 Food food NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1522 2 safety safety NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1522 3 aspects aspect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1522 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1522 5 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1522 6 farming farming NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1522 7 Foodborne foodborne JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1522 8 hazards hazard NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1522 9 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1522 10 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1522 11 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1522 12 present present JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1522 13 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1522 14 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1522 15 farms farm NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1522 16 include include VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1522 17 biological biological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1522 18 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1522 19 chemical chemical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1522 20 hazards hazard NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1522 21 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1523 1 Biological biological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1523 2 hazards hazard NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1523 3 associated associate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1523 4 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1523 5 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1523 6 farming farming NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1523 7 include include VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1523 8 following follow VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1523 9 main main JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1523 10 examples example NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1523 11 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1523 12 a a LS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1523 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1523 14 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1523 15 foodborne foodborne JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1523 16 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1524 1 Salmonella salmonella NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1524 2 spp spp NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1524 3 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1525 1 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1525 2 human human JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1525 3 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1525 4 VTEC VTEC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1525 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1525 6 HP HP NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1525 7 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1525 8 VTEC VTEC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1525 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1525 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1525 11 thermophilic thermophilic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1525 12 Campylobacter Campylobacter NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1525 13 spp spp NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1525 14 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1526 1 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1526 2 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1526 3 Mycobacterium Mycobacterium NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1526 4 bovis bovi NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1526 5 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1526 6 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1526 7 b b LS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1526 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1526 9 parasitic parasitic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1526 10 foodborne foodborne JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1526 11 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1526 12 Tania Tania NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1526 13 saginata saginata NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1526 14 cysticercus cysticercus NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1526 15 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1526 16 Cryptosporidium Cryptosporidium NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1526 17 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1526 18 Giardia Giardia NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1526 19 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1527 1 On on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1527 2 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1527 3 farm farm NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1527 4 control control NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1527 5 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1527 6 chemical chemical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1527 7 foodborne foodborne JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1527 8 hazards hazard NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1527 9 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1527 10 outside outside IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1527 11 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1527 12 scope scope NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1527 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1527 14 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1527 15 Chapter chapter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1527 16 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1527 17 will will MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1527 18 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1527 19 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1527 20 considered consider VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1527 21 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1528 1 Faecal faecal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1528 2 shedding shed VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1528 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1528 4 foodborne foodborne JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1528 5 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1528 6 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1528 7 occur occur VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1528 8 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1528 9 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1528 10 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1528 11 adult adult NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1528 12 bovines bovine NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1528 13 without without IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1528 14 symptoms symptom NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1528 15 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1528 16 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1528 17 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1528 18 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1528 19 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1528 20 shedding shedding JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1528 21 pattern pattern NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1528 22 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1528 23 differ differ VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1528 24 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1528 25 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1528 26 two two CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1528 27 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1528 28 categories category NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1528 29 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1529 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1529 2 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1529 3 conventionally conventionally RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1529 4 reared rear VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1529 5 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1529 6 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1529 7 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1529 8 tract tract NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1529 9 becomes become VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1529 10 colonised colonise VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1529 11 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1529 12 birth birth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1529 13 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1529 14 combinations combination NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1529 15 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1529 16 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1529 17 species specie NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1529 18 until until IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1529 19 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1529 20 characteristic characteristic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1529 21 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1529 22 complex complex JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1529 23 flora flora NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1529 24 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1529 25 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1529 26 adult adult NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1529 27 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1529 28 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1529 29 achieved achieve VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1529 30 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1530 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1530 2 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1530 3 early early JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1530 4 stages stage NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1530 5 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1530 6 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1530 7 process process NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1530 8 infections infection NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1530 9 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1530 10 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1530 11 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1530 12 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1530 13 common common JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1530 14 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1531 1 Once once IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1531 2 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1531 3 indigenous indigenous JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1531 4 flora flora NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1531 5 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1531 6 established establish VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1531 7 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1531 8 resists resist VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1531 9 colonization colonization NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1531 10 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1531 11 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1531 12 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1531 13 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1531 14 ' ' `` cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1531 15 foreign foreign JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1531 16 ' ' '' cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1531 17 strains strain NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1531 18 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1531 19 competitive competitive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1531 20 exclusion exclusion NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1531 21 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1532 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1532 2 gut gut NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1532 3 flora flora NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1532 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1532 5 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1532 6 bovine bovine JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1532 7 species species NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1532 8 changes change NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1532 9 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1532 10 ruminal ruminal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1532 11 development development NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1532 12 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1532 13 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1532 14 population population NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1532 15 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1532 16 faecal faecal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1532 17 coliforms coliform NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1532 18 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1532 19 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1532 20 adult adult NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1532 21 differ differ VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1532 22 markedly markedly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1532 23 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1532 24 both both CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1532 25 qualitatively qualitatively RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1532 26 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1532 27 quantitatively quantitatively RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1532 28 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1532 29 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1532 30 that that DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1532 31 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1532 32 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1532 33 young young JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1532 34 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1532 35 particularly particularly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1532 36 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1532 37 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1532 38 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1532 39 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1532 40 fed feed VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1532 41 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1532 42 replacer replacer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1532 43 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1532 44 Smith Smith NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1532 45 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1532 46 1961 1961 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1533 1 Some some DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1533 2 early early JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1533 3 studies study NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1533 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1533 5 Gronstol Gronstol NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1533 6 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1533 7 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1533 8 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1533 9 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1533 10 1974a 1974a CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1533 11 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1533 12 Gronstol Gronstol NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1533 13 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1533 14 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1533 15 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1533 16 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1533 17 1974b 1974b CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1533 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1533 19 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1533 20 based base VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1533 21 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1533 22 experimental experimental JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1533 23 Salmonella Salmonella NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1533 24 infection infection NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1533 25 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1533 26 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1533 27 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1533 28 described describe VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1533 29 virulence virulence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1533 30 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1533 31 spread spread NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1533 32 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1533 33 infection infection NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1533 34 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1533 35 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1533 36 effects effect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1533 37 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1533 38 stress stress NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1533 39 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1533 40 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1533 41 carrier carrier NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1533 42 status status NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1533 43 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1534 1 Hinton Hinton NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1534 2 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1534 3 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1534 4 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1535 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1535 2 1983 1983 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1535 3 Hinton Hinton NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1535 4 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1535 5 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1535 6 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1536 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1536 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1536 3 1984a 1984a CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1536 4 Hinton Hinton NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1536 5 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1536 6 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1536 7 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1537 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1537 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1537 3 1984b 1984b CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1537 4 determined determine VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1537 5 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1537 6 incidence incidence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1537 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1537 8 Salmonella Salmonella NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1537 9 Typhimurium Typhimurium NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1537 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1537 11 DT DT NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1537 12 193 193 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1537 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1537 14 DT DT NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1537 15 204 204 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1537 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1537 17 excretion excretion NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1537 18 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1537 19 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1537 20 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1537 21 fed feed VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1537 22 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1537 23 replacer replacer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1537 24 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1537 25 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1537 26 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1537 27 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1537 28 while while IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1537 29 initially initially RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1537 30 low low RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1537 31 on on RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1537 32 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1537 33 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1537 34 take take VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1537 35 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1537 36 around around RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1537 37 6 6 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1537 38 days day NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1537 39 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1537 40 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1537 41 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1537 42 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1537 43 incidence incidence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1537 44 rose rise VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1537 45 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1537 46 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1537 47 peak peak NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1537 48 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1537 49 14 14 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1537 50 days day NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1537 51 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1538 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1538 2 level level NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1538 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1538 4 salmonella salmonella NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1538 5 contamination contamination NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1538 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1538 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1538 8 environment environment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1538 9 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1538 10 affects affect VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1538 11 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1538 12 incidence incidence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1538 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1538 14 infection infection NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1538 15 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1538 16 housed house VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1538 17 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1538 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1538 19 Hinton Hinton NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1538 20 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1538 21 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1538 22 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1539 1 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1539 2 1985a 1985a CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1539 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1539 4 Hinton Hinton NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1539 5 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1539 6 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1539 7 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1539 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1539 9 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1539 10 1985b 1985b NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1539 11 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1540 1 Provided provide VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1540 2 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1540 3 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1540 4 reared rear VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1540 5 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1540 6 separate separate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1540 7 fattening fattening JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1540 8 units unit NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1540 9 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1540 10 slaughtered slaughter VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1540 11 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1540 12 separate separate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1540 13 slaughterlines slaughterline NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1540 14 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1540 15 incidence incidence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1540 16 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1540 17 salmonellae salmonella NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1540 18 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1540 19 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1540 20 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1540 21 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1540 22 maintained maintain VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1540 23 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1540 24 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1540 25 very very RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1540 26 low low JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1540 27 level level NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1540 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1540 29 Guinée Guinée NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1540 30 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1540 31 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1540 32 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1540 33 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1540 34 1964 1964 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1540 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1540 36 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1541 1 During during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1541 2 meat meat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1541 3 inspection inspection NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1541 4 clinical clinical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1541 5 salmonellosis salmonellosis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1541 6 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1541 7 sometimes sometimes RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1541 8 diagnosed diagnose VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1541 9 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1541 10 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1541 11 herd herd NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1541 12 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1541 13 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1541 14 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1541 15 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1541 16 however however RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1541 17 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1541 18 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1541 19 prevalences prevalence NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1541 20 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1541 21 usually usually RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1541 22 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1541 23 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1541 24 order order NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1541 25 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1541 26 magnitude magnitude NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1541 27 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1541 28 per per IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1541 29 thousand thousand CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1541 30 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1541 31 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1541 32 strains strain NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1541 33 isolated isolate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1541 34 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1541 35 generally generally RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1541 36 restricted restrict VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1541 37 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1541 38 Salmonella Salmonella NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1541 39 Typhimurium Typhimurium NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1541 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1541 41 occasionally occasionally RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1541 42 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1541 43 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1541 44 more more RBR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1541 45 commonly commonly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1541 46 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1541 47 Salmonella Salmonella NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1541 48 Dublin Dublin NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1541 49 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1541 50 up up IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1541 51 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1541 52 90 90 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1541 53 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1541 54 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1541 55 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 1 Although although IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 2 salmonellae salmonellae NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 3 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 4 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 5 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 6 isolated isolate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 7 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 8 faeces faece NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 9 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 10 significant significant JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 11 proportions proportion NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 12 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 13 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 14 slaughtered slaughter VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 15 commercially commercially RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 17 4.3 4.3 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 18 - - SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 19 14.3 14.3 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 20 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 22 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 23 contamination contamination NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 24 involving involve VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 25 hepatic hepatic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 26 lymph lymph NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 27 nodes node NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 28 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 29 liver liver NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 30 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 31 mesenteric mesenteric JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 32 lymph lymph NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 33 nodes node NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 34 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 35 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 36 because because IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 37 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 38 cross cross NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 39 contamination contamination NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 40 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 41 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 42 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 43 ultimately ultimately RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 44 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 45 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 46 isolated isolate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 47 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 48 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 49 carcass carcass NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 50 surface surface NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 51 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 52 Nazer Nazer NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 53 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 54 Osborne Osborne NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 55 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 56 1976 1976 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 57 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 58 Wray Wray NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 59 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 60 Sojka Sojka NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 61 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 62 1977 1977 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 63 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1542 64 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1543 1 Studies study NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1543 2 conducted conduct VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1543 3 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1543 4 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1543 5 Netherlands Netherlands NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1543 6 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1543 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1543 8 late late JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1543 9 1970 1970 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1543 10 's 's POS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1543 11 indicate indicate VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1543 12 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1543 13 microorganisms microorganism NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1543 14 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1543 15 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1543 16 released release VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1543 17 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1543 18 lymph lymph NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1543 19 nodes node NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1543 20 through through IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1543 21 transport transport NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1543 22 stress stress NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1543 23 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1543 24 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1543 25 appear appear VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1543 26 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1543 27 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1543 28 faeces faece NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1543 29 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1544 1 This this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1544 2 results result VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1544 3 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1544 4 young young JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1544 5 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1544 6 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1544 7 being be VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1544 8 cross cross NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1544 9 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1544 10 infected infect VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1544 11 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1544 12 transit transit NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1544 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1544 14 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1544 15 markets market NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1544 16 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1544 17 however however RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1544 18 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1544 19 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1544 20 Dutch dutch JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1544 21 studies study NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1544 22 faecal faecal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1544 23 samples sample NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1544 24 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1544 25 no no DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1544 26 more more JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1544 27 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1544 28 3.5 3.5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1544 29 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1544 30 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1544 31 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1544 32 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1544 33 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1544 34 found find VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1544 35 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1544 36 contain contain VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1544 37 salmonellae salmonella NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1544 38 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1544 39 arrival arrival NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1544 40 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1544 41 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1544 42 fattening fatten VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1544 43 units unit NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1545 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1545 2 Van Van NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1545 3 Klink Klink NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1545 4 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1545 5 Smulders Smulders NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1545 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1545 7 1990 1990 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1545 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1545 9 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1546 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1546 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1546 3 within within IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1546 4 3 3 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1546 5 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1546 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1546 7 arrival arrival NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1546 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1546 9 faeces faece NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1546 10 samples sample NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1546 11 become become VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1546 12 negative negative JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1546 13 again again RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1546 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1546 15 Van Van NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1546 16 Zijderveld Zijderveld NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1546 17 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1546 18 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1546 19 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1546 20 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1546 21 1982 1982 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1546 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1546 23 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1547 1 Subsequent subsequent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1547 2 studies study NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1547 3 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1547 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1547 5 same same JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1547 6 workers worker NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1547 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1547 8 Van Van NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1547 9 Zijderveld Zijderveld NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1547 10 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1547 11 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1547 12 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1547 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1547 14 unpublished unpublished JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1547 15 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1547 16 cited cite VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1547 17 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1547 18 Van Van NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1547 19 Klink Klink NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1547 20 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1547 21 Smulders Smulders NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1547 22 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1547 23 1990 1990 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1547 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1547 25 indicate indicate VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1547 26 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1547 27 faecal faecal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1547 28 samples sample NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1547 29 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1547 30 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1547 31 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1547 32 had have VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1547 33 survived survive VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1547 34 clinical clinical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1547 35 salmonellosis salmonellosis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1547 36 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1547 37 become become VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1547 38 culture culture NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1547 39 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1547 40 negative negative JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1547 41 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1547 42 albeit albeit IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1547 43 only only RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1547 44 after after IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1547 45 6 6 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1547 46 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1547 47 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1548 1 These these DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1548 2 findings finding NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1548 3 suggest suggest VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1548 4 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1548 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1548 6 provided provide VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1548 7 stressful stressful JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1548 8 transport transport NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1548 9 conditions condition NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1548 10 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1548 11 avoided avoid VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1548 12 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1548 13 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1548 14 hygienic hygienic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1548 15 care care NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1548 16 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1548 17 taken take VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1548 18 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1548 19 avoid avoid VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1548 20 cross cross JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1548 21 infection infection NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1548 22 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1548 23 transport transport NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1548 24 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1548 25 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1548 26 abattoir abattoir NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1548 27 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1548 28 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1548 29 extent extent NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1548 30 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1548 31 introduction introduction NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1548 32 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1548 33 salmonellae salmonellae NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1548 34 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1548 35 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1548 36 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1548 37 slaughterline slaughterline NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1548 38 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1548 39 indeed indeed RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1548 40 extremely extremely RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1548 41 low low JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1548 42 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1549 1 This this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1549 2 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1549 3 substantiated substantiate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1549 4 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1549 5 repeated repeat VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1549 6 failure failure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1549 7 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1549 8 isolate isolate VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1549 9 salmonellae salmonella NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1549 10 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1549 11 carcass carcass NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1549 12 surfaces surface NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1549 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1549 14 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1549 15 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1549 16 populations population NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1549 17 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1549 18 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1549 19 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1549 20 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1549 21 livers liver NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1549 22 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1549 23 offal offal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1549 24 meats meat NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1549 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1549 26 Van Van NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1549 27 Klink Klink NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1549 28 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1549 29 Smulders Smulders NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1549 30 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1549 31 1990 1990 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1549 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1549 33 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1550 1 As as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1550 2 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1550 3 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1550 4 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1550 5 foodborne foodborne JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1550 6 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1550 7 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1550 8 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1550 9 resistance resistance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1550 10 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1550 11 Salmonella Salmonella NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1550 12 shed shed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1550 13 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1550 14 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1550 15 represents represent VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1550 16 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1550 17 additional additional JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1550 18 food food NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1550 19 safety safety NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1550 20 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1550 21 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1551 1 Numerous numerous JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1551 2 studies study NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1551 3 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1551 4 shown show VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1551 5 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1551 6 use use NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1551 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1551 8 antimicrobials antimicrobial NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1551 9 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1551 10 food food NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1551 11 producing produce VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1551 12 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1551 13 selects select VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1551 14 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1551 15 resistance resistance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1551 16 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1551 17 non non JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1551 18 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1551 19 typhoid typhoid JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1551 20 Salmonella Salmonella NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1551 21 spp spp NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1551 22 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1552 1 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1552 2 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1552 3 such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1552 4 variants variant NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1552 5 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1552 6 been be VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1552 7 spread spread VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1552 8 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1552 9 humans human NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1552 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1552 11 WHO who WP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1552 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1552 13 2004 2004 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1552 14 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1553 1 Walker Walker NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1553 2 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1553 3 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1553 4 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1554 1 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1554 2 2000 2000 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1554 3 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1554 4 Fey Fey NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1554 5 et et FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1554 6 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1554 7 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1554 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1554 9 2000 2000 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1554 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1554 11 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1555 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1555 2 general general JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1555 3 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1555 4 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1555 5 resistance resistance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1555 6 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1555 7 S. S. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1555 8 Typhimurium Typhimurium NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1555 9 isolates isolate VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1555 10 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1555 11 bovines bovine NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1555 12 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1555 13 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1555 14 EU EU NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1555 15 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1555 16 widespread widespread JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1555 17 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1555 18 2004 2004 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1555 19 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1555 20 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1555 21 highest high JJS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1555 22 prevalence prevalence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1555 23 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1555 24 resistance resistance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1555 25 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1555 26 ampicilin ampicilin NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1555 27 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1555 28 sulfonamide sulfonamide NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1555 29 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1555 30 tetracycline tetracycline NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1555 31 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1555 32 streptomycin streptomycin NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1555 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1555 34 EFSA EFSA NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1555 35 Zoonosis Zoonosis NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1555 36 Report Report NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1555 37 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1555 38 2005b 2005b CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1555 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1555 40 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1555 41 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1555 42 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1555 43 data data NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1555 44 does do VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1555 45 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1555 46 relate relate VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1555 47 specifically specifically RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1555 48 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1555 49 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1555 50 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1556 1 VTEC VTEC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1556 2 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1556 3 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1556 4 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1556 5 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1556 6 E. E. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1556 7 coli coli NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1556 8 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1556 9 produces produce VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1556 10 one one CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1556 11 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1556 12 more more JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1556 13 verocytotoxins verocytotoxin NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1556 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1556 15 VT VT NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1556 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1556 17 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1556 18 known know VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1556 19 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1556 20 Shiga Shiga NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1556 21 toxins toxin NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1556 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1556 23 STX STX NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1556 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1556 25 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1556 26 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1557 1 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1557 2 all all DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1557 3 members member NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1557 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1557 5 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1557 6 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1557 7 cause cause VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1557 8 foodborne foodborne JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1557 9 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1557 10 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1557 11 humans human NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1557 12 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1558 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1558 2 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1558 3 Opinion opinion NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1558 4 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1558 5 Verotoxigenic Verotoxigenic NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1558 6 E. E. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1558 7 Coli Coli NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1558 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1558 9 VTEC VTEC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1558 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1558 11 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1558 12 Foodstuffs foodstuff NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1558 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1558 14 SCVPH SCVPH NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1558 15 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1558 16 2003c 2003c CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1558 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1558 18 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1558 19 VTEC VTEC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1558 20 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1558 21 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1558 22 been be VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1558 23 associated associate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1558 24 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1558 25 causing cause VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1558 26 human human JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1558 27 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1558 28 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1558 29 referred refer VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1558 30 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1558 31 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1558 32 human human JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1558 33 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1558 34 VTEC VTEC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1558 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1558 36 HP HP NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1558 37 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1558 38 VTEC VTEC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1558 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1558 40 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1559 1 Foods food NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1559 2 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1559 3 bovine bovine JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1559 4 origin origin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1559 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1559 6 e.g. e.g. JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1559 7 beef beef NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1559 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1559 9 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1559 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1559 11 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1559 12 been be VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1559 13 implicated implicate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1559 14 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1559 15 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1559 16 number number NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1559 17 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1559 18 foodborne foodborne JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1559 19 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1559 20 caused cause VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1559 21 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1559 22 HP HP NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1559 23 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1559 24 VTEC VTEC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1559 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1559 26 Borczyck Borczyck NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1559 27 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1559 28 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1559 29 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1559 30 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1559 31 1987 1987 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1559 32 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1559 33 Chapman Chapman NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1559 34 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1559 35 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1559 36 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1560 1 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1560 2 1993 1993 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1560 3 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1560 4 Martin Martin NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1560 5 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1560 6 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1560 7 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1560 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1560 9 1986 1986 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1560 10 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1560 11 Pennington Pennington NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1560 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1560 13 1998 1998 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1560 14 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1560 15 SCVPH SCVPH NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1560 16 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1560 17 2003a 2003a CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1560 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1560 19 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1560 20 these these DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1560 21 include include VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1560 22 several several JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1560 23 serotypes serotype NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1560 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1560 25 e.g. e.g. RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1560 26 O157 O157 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1560 27 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1560 28 O26 O26 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1560 29 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1560 30 O103 O103 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1560 31 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1560 32 O111 O111 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1560 33 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1560 34 O145 O145 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1560 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1560 36 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1561 1 When when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1561 2 adult adult NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1561 3 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1561 4 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1561 5 inoculated inoculate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1561 6 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1561 7 VTEC VTEC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1561 8 O157 O157 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1561 9 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1561 10 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1561 11 showed show VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1561 12 no no DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1561 13 outward outward JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1561 14 signs sign NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1561 15 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1561 16 infection infection NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1561 17 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1561 18 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1561 19 organism organism NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1561 20 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1561 21 cleared clear VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1561 22 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1561 23 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1561 24 gastrointestinal gastrointestinal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1561 25 tract tract NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1561 26 within within IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1561 27 two two CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1561 28 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1562 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1562 2 Wray Wray NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1562 3 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1562 4 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1562 5 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1562 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1562 7 2000 2000 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1562 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1562 9 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1563 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1563 2 organism organism NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1563 3 seems seem VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1563 4 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1563 5 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1563 6 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1563 7 constituent constituent NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1563 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1563 9 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1563 10 naturally naturally RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1563 11 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1563 12 occurring occur VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1563 13 microflora microflora NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1563 14 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1563 15 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1563 16 longitudinal longitudinal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1563 17 studies study NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1563 18 show show VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1563 19 most most JJS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1563 20 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1563 21 occasionally occasionally RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1563 22 carry carry VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1563 23 E. E. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1563 24 coli coli NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1563 25 O157 O157 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1563 26 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1563 27 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1563 28 faeces faece NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1563 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1563 30 Hancock Hancock NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1563 31 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1563 32 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1563 33 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1563 34 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1563 35 1997 1997 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1563 36 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1563 37 Lahti Lahti NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1563 38 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1563 39 2003 2003 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1563 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1563 41 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1564 1 However however RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1564 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1564 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1564 4 prevalence prevalence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1564 5 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1564 6 infection infection NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1564 7 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1564 8 HP HP NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1564 9 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1564 10 VTEC VTEC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1564 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1564 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1564 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1564 14 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1564 15 shedding shed VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1564 16 patterns pattern NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1564 17 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1564 18 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1564 19 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1564 20 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1564 21 vary vary VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1564 22 due due IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1564 23 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1564 24 variable variable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1564 25 factors factor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1564 26 including include VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1564 27 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1564 28 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1564 29 immunocompetence immunocompetence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1564 30 status status NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1564 31 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1564 32 husbandry husbandry NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1564 33 conditions condition NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1564 34 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1564 35 season season NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1564 36 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1564 37 geographical geographical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1564 38 areas area NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1564 39 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1565 1 Prevalence prevalence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1565 2 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1565 3 VTEC VTEC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1565 4 O157 O157 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1565 5 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1565 6 usually usually RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1565 7 higher high JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1565 8 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1565 9 younger young JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1565 10 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1565 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1565 12 Synge Synge NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1565 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1565 14 2000 2000 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1565 15 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1566 1 Cray Cray NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1566 2 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1566 3 Moon Moon NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1566 4 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1566 5 1995 1995 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1566 6 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1566 7 Hancock Hancock NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1566 8 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1566 9 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1566 10 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1566 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1566 12 1997 1997 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1566 13 ; ; . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1567 1 Mechie Mechie NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1567 2 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1567 3 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1567 4 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1567 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1567 6 1997 1997 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1567 7 ; ; . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1568 1 Van Van NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1568 2 Donkersgoed Donkersgoed NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1568 3 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1568 4 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1568 5 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1568 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1568 7 1999 1999 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1568 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1568 9 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1569 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1569 2 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1569 3 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1569 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1569 5 prevalence prevalence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1569 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1569 7 E. E. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1569 8 coli coli NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1569 9 O157 O157 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1569 10 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1569 11 H7 H7 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1569 12 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1569 13 range range VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1569 14 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1569 15 zero zero CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1569 16 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1569 17 20.0 20.0 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1569 18 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1569 19 prior prior RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1569 20 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1569 21 weaning weaning NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1569 22 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1569 23 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1569 24 often often RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1569 25 increases increase VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1569 26 after after IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1569 27 weaning wean VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1569 28 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1569 29 Bonardi Bonardi NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1569 30 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1569 31 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1569 32 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1569 33 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1569 34 1999 1999 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1569 35 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1570 1 Laegried Laegried NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1570 2 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1570 3 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1570 4 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1570 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1570 6 1999 1999 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1570 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1570 8 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1571 1 Calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1571 2 normally normally RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1571 3 show show VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1571 4 no no UH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1571 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1571 6 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1571 7 little little JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1571 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1571 9 sign sign NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1571 10 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1571 11 infection infection NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1571 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1571 13 perhaps perhaps RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1571 14 only only RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1571 15 some some DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1571 16 excess excess JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1571 17 faecal faecal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1571 18 mucus mucus NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1571 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1571 20 Myers Myers NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1571 21 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1571 22 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1571 23 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1571 24 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1571 25 1984 1984 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1571 26 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1571 27 Synge Synge NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1571 28 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1571 29 Hopkins Hopkins NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1571 30 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1571 31 1992 1992 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1571 32 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1571 33 Brown Brown NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1571 34 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1571 35 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1571 36 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1571 37 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1571 38 1997 1997 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1571 39 ; ; . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1572 1 Richards Richards NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1572 2 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1572 3 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1572 4 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1572 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1572 6 1998 1998 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1572 7 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1572 8 Wray Wray NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1572 9 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1572 10 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1572 11 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1572 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1572 13 2000 2000 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1572 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1572 15 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1572 16 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1572 17 shedding shedding JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1572 18 rate rate NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1572 19 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1572 20 fall fall VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1572 21 rapidly rapidly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1572 22 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1572 23 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1572 24 first first JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1572 25 two two CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1572 26 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1572 27 after after IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1572 28 inoculation inoculation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1572 29 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1572 30 continue continue VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1572 31 intermittently intermittently RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1572 32 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1572 33 several several JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1572 34 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1572 35 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1573 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1573 2 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1573 3 first first JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1573 4 three three CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1573 5 months month NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1573 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1573 7 life life NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1573 8 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1573 9 contaminated contaminated JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1573 10 farms farm NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1573 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1573 12 faecal faecal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1573 13 prevalence prevalence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1573 14 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1573 15 increase increase VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1573 16 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1573 17 around around IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1573 18 35 35 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1573 19 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1573 20 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1573 21 53 53 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1573 22 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1573 23 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1573 24 possibly possibly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1573 25 due due IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1573 26 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1573 27 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1573 28 decline decline NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1573 29 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1573 30 maternal maternal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1573 31 immunity immunity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1573 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1574 1 Busato Busato NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1574 2 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1574 3 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1574 4 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1574 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1574 6 1999 1999 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1574 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1574 8 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1575 1 Fasting fast VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1575 2 showed show VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1575 3 little little JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1575 4 effect effect NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1575 5 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1575 6 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1575 7 carriage carriage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1575 8 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1575 9 excretion excretion NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1575 10 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1575 11 E. E. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1575 12 coli coli NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1575 13 O157 O157 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1575 14 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1575 15 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1575 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1575 17 Harmon Harmon NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1575 18 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1575 19 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1575 20 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1575 21 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1575 22 1999 1999 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1575 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1575 24 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1576 1 Less Less JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1576 2 information information NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1576 3 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1576 4 available available JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1576 5 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1576 6 non non AFX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1576 7 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1576 8 O157 o157 JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1576 9 HP HP NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1576 10 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1576 11 VTEC VTEC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1576 12 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1576 13 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1576 14 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1576 15 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1576 16 potential potential NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1576 17 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1576 18 cause cause VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1576 19 enterohaemorrhagic enterohaemorrhagic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1576 20 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1576 21 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1576 22 humans human NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1576 23 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1576 24 so so RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1576 25 establishing establish VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1576 26 indicators indicator NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1576 27 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1576 28 virulence virulence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1576 29 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1576 30 clarifying clarify VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1576 31 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1576 32 epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1576 33 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1576 34 such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1576 35 serotypes serotype NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1576 36 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1576 37 needed need VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1576 38 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1577 1 Thermophilic Thermophilic NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1577 2 Campylobacter Campylobacter NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1577 3 spp spp NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1577 4 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1578 1 According accord VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1578 2 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1578 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1578 4 BIOHAZARD BIOHAZARD NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1578 5 Scientific Scientific NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1578 6 Report Report NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1578 7 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1578 8 Campylobacter Campylobacter NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1578 9 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1578 10 Animals Animals NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1578 11 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1578 12 Foodstuffs foodstuff NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1578 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1578 14 EFSA EFSA NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1578 15 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1578 16 2005a 2005a CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1578 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1578 18 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1578 19 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1578 20 most most RBS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1578 21 important important JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1578 22 species specie NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1578 23 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1578 24 Campylobacter Campylobacter NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1578 25 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1578 26 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1578 27 thermophilic thermophilic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1578 28 species specie NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1578 29 C. C. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1578 30 jejuni jejuni NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1578 31 ssp ssp NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1578 32 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1579 1 jejuni jejuni NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1579 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1579 3 C. C. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1579 4 coli coli NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1579 5 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1579 6 C. C. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1579 7 lari lari NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1579 8 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1579 9 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1579 10 species specie NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1579 11 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1579 12 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1579 13 known know VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1579 14 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1579 15 cause cause VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1579 16 human human JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1579 17 illness illness NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1579 18 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1579 19 C. C. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1579 20 upsaliensis upsaliensis NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1579 21 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1579 22 C. C. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1579 23 fetus fetus NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1579 24 ssp ssp NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1579 25 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1580 1 fetus fetus NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1580 2 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1580 3 C. C. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1580 4 jejuni jejuni NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1580 5 ssp ssp NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1580 6 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1580 7 doylii doylii NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1580 8 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1581 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1581 2 most most RBS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1581 3 common common JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1581 4 species specie NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1581 5 recovered recover VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1581 6 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1581 7 human human JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1581 8 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1581 9 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1581 10 C. C. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1581 11 jejuni jejuni NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1581 12 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1582 1 Campylobacter Campylobacter NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1582 2 spp spp NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1582 3 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1583 1 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1583 2 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1583 3 found find VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1583 4 throughout throughout IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1583 5 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1583 6 intestine intestine NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1583 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1583 8 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1583 9 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1583 10 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1583 11 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1583 12 level level NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1583 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1583 14 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1583 15 organism organism NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1583 16 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1583 17 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1583 18 rumen rumen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1583 19 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1583 20 significantly significantly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1583 21 lower low JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1583 22 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1583 23 that that DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1583 24 found find VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1583 25 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1583 26 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1583 27 small small JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1583 28 intestine intestine NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1583 29 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1583 30 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1583 31 faeces faece NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1584 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1584 2 Stanley Stanley NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1584 3 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1584 4 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1584 5 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1584 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1584 7 1998 1998 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1584 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1584 9 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1585 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1585 2 class class NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1585 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1585 4 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1585 5 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1585 6 has have VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1585 7 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1585 8 effect effect NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1585 9 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1585 10 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1585 11 level level NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1585 12 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1585 13 Campylobacter Campylobacter NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1585 14 spp spp NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1585 15 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1586 1 found find VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1586 2 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1586 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1586 4 faeces faece NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1586 5 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1586 6 faeces faece NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1586 7 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1586 8 contain contain VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1586 9 around around IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1586 10 10 10 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1586 11 4 4 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1586 12 CFU CFU NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1586 13 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1586 14 g g NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1586 15 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1586 16 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1586 17 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1586 18 around around IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1586 19 10 10 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1586 20 2 2 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1586 21 CFU CFU NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1586 22 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1586 23 g g NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1586 24 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1586 25 beef beef NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1586 26 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1586 27 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1586 28 around around IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1586 29 70 70 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1586 30 CFU CFU NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1586 31 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1586 32 g g NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1586 33 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1586 34 adult adult NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1586 35 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1586 36 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1586 37 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1587 1 Campylobacter Campylobacter NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1587 2 spp spp NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1587 3 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1588 1 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1588 2 more more RBR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1588 3 often often RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1588 4 found find VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1588 5 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1588 6 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1588 7 faeces faece NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1588 8 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1588 9 intestine intestine NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1588 10 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1588 11 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1588 12 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1588 13 rumen rumen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1588 14 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1588 15 while while IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1588 16 Campylobacter Campylobacter NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1588 17 jejuni jejuni JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1588 18 prevalence prevalence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1588 19 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1588 20 much much RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1588 21 less less JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1588 22 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1588 23 that that DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1588 24 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1588 25 Campylobacter Campylobacter NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1588 26 hyointestinalis hyointestinalis NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1588 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1588 28 Ataby Ataby NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1588 29 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1588 30 Corry Corry NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1588 31 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1588 32 1998 1998 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1588 33 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1588 34 Grau Grau NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1588 35 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1588 36 1988 1988 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1588 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1588 38 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1589 1 Campylobacter Campylobacter NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1589 2 jejuni jejuni NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1589 3 has have VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1589 4 been be VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1589 5 found find VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1589 6 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1589 7 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1589 8 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1589 9 97 97 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1589 10 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1589 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1589 12 beef beef NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1589 13 farms farm NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1589 14 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1589 15 Campylobacter Campylobacter NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1589 16 coli coli NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1589 17 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1589 18 19 19 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1589 19 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1589 20 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1589 21 Campylobacter Campylobacter NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1589 22 hyointestinalis hyointestinalis VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1589 23 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1589 24 82 82 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1589 25 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1590 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1590 2 Busato Busato NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1590 3 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1590 4 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1590 5 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1590 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1590 7 1999 1999 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1590 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1590 9 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1591 1 Within within IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1591 2 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1591 3 herds herd NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1591 4 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1591 5 zero zero CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1591 6 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1591 7 over over IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1591 8 50 50 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1591 9 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1591 10 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1591 11 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1591 12 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1591 13 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1591 14 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1591 15 excreting excrete VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1591 16 Campylobacter Campylobacter NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1591 17 spp spp NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1591 18 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1592 1 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1592 2 38 38 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1592 3 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1592 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1592 5 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1592 6 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1592 7 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1592 8 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1592 9 positive positive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1592 10 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1592 11 Campylobacter Campylobacter NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1592 12 spp spp NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1592 13 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1593 1 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1593 2 herds herd NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1593 3 without without IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1593 4 evidence evidence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1593 5 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1593 6 diarrhoeal diarrhoeal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1593 7 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1593 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1593 9 Myers Myers NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1593 10 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1593 11 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1593 12 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1593 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1593 14 1984 1984 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1593 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1593 16 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1594 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1594 2 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1594 3 study study NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1594 4 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1594 5 72 72 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1594 6 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1594 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1594 8 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1594 9 isolates isolate NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1594 10 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1594 11 C. C. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1594 12 jejuni jejuni NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1594 13 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1595 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1595 2 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1595 3 study study NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1595 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1595 5 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1595 6 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1595 7 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1595 8 slaughter slaughter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1595 9 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1595 10 C. C. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1595 11 jejuni jejuni NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1595 12 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1595 13 found find VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1595 14 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1595 15 74 74 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1595 16 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1595 17 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1595 18 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1595 19 rumen rumen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1595 20 samples sample NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1595 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1595 22 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1595 23 low low JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1595 24 numbers number NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1595 25 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1595 26 < < XX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1595 27 100 100 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1595 28 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1595 29 g g NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1595 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1595 31 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1595 32 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1595 33 54 54 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1595 34 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1595 35 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1595 36 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1595 37 faecal faecal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1595 38 samples sample NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1595 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1595 40 Grau Grau NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1595 41 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1595 42 1988 1988 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1595 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1595 44 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1595 45 whilst whilst IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1595 46 C. C. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1595 47 hyointestinalis hyointestinalis NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1595 48 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1595 49 found find VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1595 50 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1595 51 83 83 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1595 52 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1595 53 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1595 54 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1595 55 rumen rumen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1595 56 samples sample NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1595 57 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1595 58 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1595 59 numbers number NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1596 1 > > XX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1596 2 10 10 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1596 3 5 5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1596 4 /g /g NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1596 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1597 1 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1597 2 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1597 3 71 71 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1597 4 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1597 5 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1597 6 faecal faecal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1597 7 samples sample NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1597 8 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1598 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1598 2 coats coat NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1598 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1598 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1598 5 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1598 6 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1598 7 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1598 8 contaminated contaminate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1598 9 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1598 10 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1598 11 58 58 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1598 12 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1598 13 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1598 14 positive positive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1598 15 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1598 16 C. C. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1598 17 jejuni jejuni NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1598 18 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1598 19 71 71 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1598 20 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1598 21 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1598 22 C. C. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1598 23 hyointestinalis hyointestinalis NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1598 24 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1599 1 As as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1599 2 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1599 3 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1599 4 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1599 5 foodborne foodborne JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1599 6 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1599 7 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1599 8 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1599 9 resistance resistance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1599 10 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1599 11 thermophilic thermophilic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1599 12 Campylobacter Campylobacter NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1599 13 spp spp NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1599 14 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1600 1 shed shed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1600 2 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1600 3 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1600 4 represents represent VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1600 5 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1600 6 additional additional JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1600 7 food food NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1600 8 safety safety NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1600 9 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1600 10 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1601 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1601 2 2004 2004 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1601 3 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1601 4 although although IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1601 5 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1601 6 total total JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1601 7 number number NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1601 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1601 9 isolates isolate NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1601 10 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1601 11 relatively relatively RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1601 12 small small JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1601 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1601 14 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1601 15 data datum NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1601 16 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1601 17 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1601 18 related relate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1601 19 specifically specifically RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1601 20 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1601 21 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1601 22 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1601 23 some some DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1601 24 EU EU NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1601 25 member member NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1601 26 states state NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1601 27 reported report VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1601 28 relatively relatively RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1601 29 high high JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1601 30 prevalence prevalence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1601 31 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1601 32 resistance resistance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1601 33 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1601 34 quinolones quinolone NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1601 35 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1601 36 fluoroquinolones fluoroquinolone NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1601 37 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1601 38 tetracyclines tetracycline NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1601 39 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1601 40 Campylobacter Campylobacter NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1601 41 spp spp NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1601 42 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1602 1 including include VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1602 2 C. C. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1602 3 jejuni jejuni NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1602 4 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1602 5 bovines bovine NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1602 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1602 7 EFSA EFSA NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1602 8 Zoonosis Zoonosis NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1602 9 Report Report NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1602 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1602 11 2006 2006 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1602 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1602 13 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1602 14 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1602 15 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1602 16 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1602 17 emerging emerge VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1602 18 public public JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1602 19 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1602 20 concern concern NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1602 21 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1603 1 11.5 11.5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1603 2 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1604 1 Mycobacterium Mycobacterium NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1604 2 bovis bovis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1604 3 EFSA EFSA NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1604 4 2004a 2004a CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1604 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1604 6 Opinion opinion NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1604 7 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1604 8 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1604 9 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1604 10 assessment assessment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1604 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1604 12 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1604 13 revised revise VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1604 14 inspection inspection NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1604 15 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1604 16 slaughter slaughter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1604 17 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1604 18 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1604 19 areas area NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1604 20 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1604 21 low low JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1604 22 prevalence prevalence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1604 23 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1604 24 Cysticercus Cysticercus NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1604 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1604 26 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1604 27 therefore therefore RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1604 28 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1604 29 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1604 30 parasite parasite NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1604 31 will will MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1604 32 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1604 33 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1604 34 further further RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1604 35 considered consider VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1604 36 here here RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1604 37 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1605 1 Cryptosporidium cryptosporidium NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1605 2 parvum parvum NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1605 3 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1605 4 Giardia Giardia NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1605 5 duodenalis duodenalis NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1605 6 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1605 7 protozoan protozoan NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1605 8 parasites parasite NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1605 9 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1605 10 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1605 11 caused cause VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1605 12 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1605 13 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1605 14 humans human NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1605 15 primarily primarily RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1605 16 via via IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1605 17 contaminated contaminated JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1605 18 water water NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1605 19 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1605 20 foods food NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1605 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1605 22 e.g. e.g. JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1605 23 salads salad NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1605 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1605 25 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1605 26 but but CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1605 27 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1605 28 via via IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1605 29 chicken chicken NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1605 30 salad salad NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1605 31 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1605 32 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1605 33 drinks drink NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1605 34 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1606 1 High high JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1606 2 prevalences prevalence NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1606 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1606 4 Cryptosporidium cryptosporidium NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1606 5 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1606 6 Giardia Giardia NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1606 7 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1606 8 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1606 9 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1606 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1606 11 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1606 12 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1606 13 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1606 14 1 1 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1606 15 - - SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1606 16 6 6 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1606 17 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1606 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1606 19 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1606 20 been be VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1606 21 reported report VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1607 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1607 2 Van Van NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1607 3 der der NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1607 4 Giessen Giessen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1607 5 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1607 6 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1607 7 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1607 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1607 9 2003 2003 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1607 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1607 11 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1608 1 However however RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1608 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1608 3 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1608 4 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1608 5 study study NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1608 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1608 7 all all DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1608 8 isolates isolate NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1608 9 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1608 10 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1608 11 former former JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1608 12 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1608 13 belonged belong VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1608 14 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1608 15 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1608 16 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1608 17 Cryptosporidium Cryptosporidium NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1608 18 parvum parvum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1608 19 genotype genotype NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1608 20 2 2 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1608 21 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1608 22 whilst whilst IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1608 23 only only RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1608 24 few few JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1608 25 isolates isolate NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1608 26 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1608 27 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1608 28 latter latter JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1608 29 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1608 30 showed show VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1608 31 similarities similarity NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1608 32 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1608 33 Giardia Giardia NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1608 34 isolates isolate NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1608 35 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1608 36 humans human NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1608 37 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1609 1 Other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1609 2 authors author NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1609 3 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1609 4 reported report VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1609 5 presence presence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1609 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1609 7 these these DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1609 8 protozoan protozoan NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1609 9 parasites parasite NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1609 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1609 11 Cryptosporidium cryptosporidium NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1609 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1609 13 de de FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1609 14 Visser Visser NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1609 15 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1609 16 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1609 17 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1609 18 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1609 19 1987 1987 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1609 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1609 21 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1609 22 Giardia Giardia NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1609 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1609 24 Trullard Trullard NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1609 25 2002 2002 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1609 26 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1609 27 McDonough McDonough NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1609 28 et et NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1609 29 al al NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1609 30 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1609 31 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1609 32 1994 1994 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1609 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1609 34 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1609 35 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1609 36 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1609 37 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1610 1 Risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1610 2 evaluation evaluation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1610 3 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1610 4 principles principle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1610 5 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1610 6 food food NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1610 7 safety safety NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1610 8 assurance assurance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1610 9 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1610 10 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1610 11 farm farm NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1610 12 level level NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1611 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1611 2 prevalence prevalence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1611 3 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1611 4 level level NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1611 5 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1611 6 infection infection NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1611 7 and/or and/or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1611 8 contamination contamination NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1611 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1611 10 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1611 11 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1611 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1611 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1611 14 further further JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1611 15 spread spread NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1611 16 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1611 17 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1612 1 foodborne foodborne JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1612 2 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1612 3 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1612 4 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1612 5 farms farm NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1612 6 depend depend VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1612 7 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1612 8 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1612 9 large large JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1612 10 number number NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1612 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1612 12 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1612 13 factors factor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1612 14 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1612 15 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1612 16 inherently inherently RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1612 17 variable variable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1612 18 even even RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1612 19 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1612 20 single single JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1612 21 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1612 22 farm farm NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1612 23 level level NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1612 24 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1613 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1613 2 complexity complexity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1613 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1613 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1613 5 problem problem NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1613 6 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1613 7 further far RBR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1613 8 exacerbated exacerbate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1613 9 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1613 10 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1613 11 existence existence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1613 12 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1613 13 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1613 14 number number NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1613 15 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1613 16 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1613 17 farming farming NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1613 18 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1613 19 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1613 20 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1613 21 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1613 22 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1613 23 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1613 24 EU EU NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1613 25 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1613 26 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1613 27 even even RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1613 28 within within IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1613 29 each each DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1613 30 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1613 31 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1613 32 main main JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1613 33 farming farming NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1613 34 categories category NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1613 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1613 36 e.g. e.g. IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1613 37 intensive intensive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1613 38 vs vs IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1613 39 extensive extensive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1613 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1613 41 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1613 42 large large JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1613 43 number number NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1613 44 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1613 45 " " `` cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1613 46 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1613 47 " " '' cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1613 48 subcategories subcategorie NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1613 49 exists exist VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1613 50 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1613 51 differ differ VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1613 52 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1613 53 respect respect NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1613 54 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1613 55 one one CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1613 56 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1613 57 more more JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1613 58 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1613 59 factors factor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1613 60 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1614 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1614 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1614 3 presently presently RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1614 4 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1614 5 both both CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1614 6 knowledge knowledge NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1614 7 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1614 8 published publish VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1614 9 data datum NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1614 10 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1614 11 insufficient insufficient JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1614 12 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1614 13 produce produce VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1614 14 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1614 15 universal universal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1614 16 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1614 17 assessment assessment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1614 18 enabling enable VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1614 19 quantitative quantitative JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1614 20 categorization categorization NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1614 21 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1614 22 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1614 23 types type NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1614 24 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1614 25 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1614 26 farms farm NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1614 27 and/or and/or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1614 28 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1614 29 quantitative quantitative JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1614 30 comparison comparison NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1614 31 / / , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1614 32 ranking rank VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1614 33 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1614 34 respect respect NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1614 35 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1614 36 main main JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1614 37 foodborne foodborne JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1614 38 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1614 39 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1615 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1615 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1615 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1615 4 role role NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1615 5 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1615 6 some some DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1615 7 main main JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1615 8 factors factor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1615 9 contributing contribute VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1615 10 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1615 11 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1615 12 increase increase NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1615 13 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1615 14 prevalence prevalence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1615 15 and/or and/or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1615 16 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1615 17 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1615 18 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1615 19 foodborne foodborne JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1615 20 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1615 21 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1615 22 food food NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1615 23 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1615 24 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1615 25 farms farm NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1615 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1615 27 including include VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1615 28 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1615 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1615 30 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1615 31 reasonably reasonably RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1615 32 well well RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1615 33 understood understand VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1615 34 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1615 35 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1615 36 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1615 37 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1615 38 generic generic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1615 39 principles principle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1615 40 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1615 41 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1615 42 control control NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1615 43 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1616 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1616 2 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1616 3 indicated indicate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1616 4 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1616 5 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1616 6 condensed condense VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1616 7 form form NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1616 8 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1616 9 Table Table NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1616 10 11 11 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1616 11 .1 .1 NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1616 12 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1617 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1617 2 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1617 3 logical logical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1617 4 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1617 5 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1617 6 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1617 7 farming farm VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1617 8 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1617 9 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1617 10 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1617 11 fewer few JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1617 12 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1617 13 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1617 14 contributing contribute VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1617 15 factors factor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1617 16 exist exist VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1617 17 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1617 18 where where WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1617 19 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1617 20 controls control NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1617 21 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1617 22 more more RBR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1617 23 complete complete JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1617 24 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1617 25 efficient efficient JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1617 26 will will MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1617 27 represent represent VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1617 28 lower low JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1617 29 foodborne foodborne JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1617 30 pathogen pathogen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1617 31 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1617 32 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1617 33 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1617 34 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1617 35 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1617 36 farming farming NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1617 37 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1617 38 having have VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1617 39 opposite opposite JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1617 40 contributing contribute VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1617 41 factors factor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1617 42 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1617 43 controls control NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1617 44 situation situation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1617 45 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1618 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1618 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1618 3 future future JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1618 4 food food NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1618 5 safety safety NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1618 6 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1618 7 categorization categorization NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1618 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1618 9 individual individual JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1618 10 farming farming NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1618 11 system system NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1618 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1618 13 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1618 14 related relate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1618 15 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1618 16 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1618 17 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1618 18 comparisons comparison NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1618 19 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1618 20 would would MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1618 21 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1618 22 dependent dependent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1618 23 upon upon IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1618 24 obtaining obtain VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1618 25 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1618 26 analysing analyse VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1618 27 quantitative quantitative JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1618 28 information information NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1618 29 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1618 30 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1618 31 a a LS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1618 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1618 33 status status NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1618 34 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1618 35 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1618 36 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1618 37 contributing contribute VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1618 38 factors factor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1618 39 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1618 40 b b LS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1618 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1618 42 status status NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1618 43 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1618 44 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1618 45 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1618 46 hazards hazard NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1618 47 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1618 48 main main JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1618 49 concern concern NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1618 50 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1618 51 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1618 52 c c LS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1618 53 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1618 54 existence existence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1618 55 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1618 56 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1618 57 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1618 58 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1618 59 controls control NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1618 60 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 1 Increased increase VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 2 " " `` cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 3 importation importation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 4 " " '' cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 5 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 6 spread spread NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 8 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 9 via via IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 10 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 11 " " `` cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 12 asymptomatic asymptomatic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 13 excretors excretor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 14 " " '' cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 15 Animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 16 supply supply NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 17 only only RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 18 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 19 known know VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 20 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 21 epidemiologically epidemiologically RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 22 " " `` cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 23 equivalent equivalent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 24 " " '' cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 25 sources source NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 26 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 27 " " `` cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 28 all all DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 29 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 30 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 31 all all DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 32 out out RP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 33 " " '' cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 34 system system NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 35 Presence Presence NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 36 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 37 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 38 diseases disease NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 39 Spread Spread VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 40 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 41 zoonotic zoonotic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 42 agents agent NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 43 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 44 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 45 Global global JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 46 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 47 control control NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 48 programmes programme NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 49 ; ; , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 50 heard hear VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 51 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 52 plans plan NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 53 * * NFP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 54 Good good JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 55 Farming Farming NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 56 Practice practice NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 57 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 58 Good Good NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 59 Hygiene Hygiene NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 60 Practice Practice NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 61 12 12 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1619 62 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1620 1 Risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1620 2 assessment assessment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1620 3 12.1 12.1 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1620 4 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 1 Introduction introduction NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 2 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 3 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 4 assessment assessment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 5 approach approach NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 6 When when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 8 AHAW AHAW NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 9 Panel Panel NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 10 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 11 EFSA EFSA NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 12 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 13 confronted confront VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 14 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 15 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 16 tasks task NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 17 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 18 updating update VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 19 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 20 1995 1995 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 21 Report Report NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 23 SVC SVC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 24 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 25 1995 1995 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 27 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 28 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 29 working work VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 30 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 31 members member NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 32 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 33 asked ask VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 34 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 35 make make VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 36 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 37 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 38 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 39 basis basis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 40 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 41 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 42 Risk Risk NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 43 Assessment Assessment NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 44 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 45 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 46 particularly particularly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 47 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 48 consider consider VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 49 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 50 possible possible JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 51 effects effect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 52 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 53 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 54 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 55 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 56 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 57 where where WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 58 relevant relevant JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 59 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 60 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 61 food food NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 62 safety safety NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1621 63 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1622 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1622 2 appeared appear VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1622 3 entirely entirely RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1622 4 feasible feasible JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1622 5 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1622 6 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1622 7 working work VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1622 8 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1622 9 members member NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1622 10 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1622 11 follow follow VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1622 12 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1622 13 part part NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1622 14 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1622 15 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1622 16 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1622 17 analysis analysis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1622 18 approach approach NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1622 19 where where WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1622 20 risks risk NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1622 21 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1622 22 defined define VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1622 23 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1622 24 those those DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1622 25 concerning concern VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1622 26 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1622 27 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1622 28 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1622 29 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1622 30 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1623 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1623 2 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1623 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1623 4 concern concern NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1623 5 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1623 6 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1623 7 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1623 8 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1623 9 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1623 10 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1623 11 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1623 12 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1623 13 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1623 14 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1623 15 will will MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1623 16 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1623 17 poor poor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1623 18 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1624 1 This this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1624 2 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1624 3 involve involve VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1624 4 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1624 5 increased increase VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1624 6 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1624 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1624 8 injury injury NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1624 9 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1624 10 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1624 11 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1624 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1624 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1624 14 negative negative JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1624 15 feelings feeling NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1624 16 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1624 17 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1624 18 failure failure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1624 19 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1624 20 cope cope VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1624 21 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1625 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1625 2 time time NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1625 3 span span NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1625 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1625 5 such such JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1625 6 poor poor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1625 7 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1625 8 might may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1625 9 vary vary VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1625 10 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1625 11 short short JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1625 12 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1625 13 long long JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1625 14 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1625 15 severity severity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1625 16 can can MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1625 17 vary vary VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1625 18 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1625 19 low low JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1625 20 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1625 21 high high JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1625 22 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1626 1 A a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1626 2 member member NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1626 3 experienced experience VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1626 4 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1626 5 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1626 6 assessment assessment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1626 7 procedures procedure NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1626 8 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1626 9 included include VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1626 10 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1626 11 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1626 12 working work VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1626 13 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1626 14 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1626 15 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1626 16 start start NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1626 17 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1627 1 Initially initially RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1627 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1627 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1627 4 procedure procedure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1627 5 adopted adopt VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1627 6 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1627 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1627 8 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1627 9 assessment assessment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1627 10 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1627 11 identified identify VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1627 12 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1627 13 presented present VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1627 14 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1627 15 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1627 16 participants participant NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1627 17 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1627 18 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1627 19 whole whole JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1627 20 working working NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1627 21 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1627 22 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1628 1 When when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1628 2 identifying identify VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1628 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1628 4 hazards hazard NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1628 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1628 6 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1628 7 has have VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1628 8 been be VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1628 9 assumed assume VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1628 10 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1628 11 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1628 12 managers manager NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1628 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1628 14 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1628 15 farm farm NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1628 16 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1628 17 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1628 18 keepers keeper NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1628 19 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1628 20 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1628 21 basic basic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1628 22 knowledge knowledge NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1628 23 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1628 24 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1628 25 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1628 26 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1628 27 undergone undergo VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1628 28 training training NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1628 29 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1628 30 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1628 31 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1628 32 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1628 33 aware aware JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1628 34 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1628 35 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1628 36 particular particular JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1628 37 constraints constraint NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1628 38 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1628 39 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1628 40 farm farm NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1628 41 do do VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1628 42 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1628 43 hamper hamper VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1628 44 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1628 45 work work NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1628 46 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1628 47 e.g. e.g. JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1628 48 lack lack NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1628 49 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1628 50 facilities facility NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1628 51 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1628 52 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1628 53 farm farm NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1628 54 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1628 55 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1629 1 However however RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1629 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1629 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1629 4 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1629 5 pointed point VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1629 6 out out RP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1629 7 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1629 8 under under IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1629 9 practical practical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1629 10 conditions condition NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1629 11 hazards hazard NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1629 12 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1629 13 interact interact VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1629 14 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1629 15 e.g. e.g. RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1629 16 inadequate inadequate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1629 17 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1629 18 flow flow NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1629 19 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1629 20 interact interact VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1629 21 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1629 22 poor poor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1629 23 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1629 24 quality quality NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1629 25 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1629 26 inadequate inadequate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1629 27 clinical clinical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1629 28 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1629 29 monitoring monitoring NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1629 30 may may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1629 31 interact interact VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1629 32 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1629 33 inadequate inadequate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1629 34 haemoglobin haemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1629 35 monitoring monitoring NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1629 36 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1629 37 etc etc FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1629 38 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1630 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1630 2 identification identification NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1630 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1630 4 hazards hazard NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1630 5 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1630 6 consequential consequential JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1630 7 risks risk NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1630 8 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1630 9 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1630 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1630 11 as as RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1630 12 well well RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1630 13 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1630 14 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1630 15 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1630 16 assessment assessment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1630 17 approach approach NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1630 18 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1630 19 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1630 20 agreed agree VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1630 21 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1630 22 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1630 23 working work VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1630 24 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1630 25 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1631 1 Steps step NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1631 2 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1631 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1631 4 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1631 5 assessment assessment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1631 6 A. A. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1631 7 Multidisciplinary Multidisciplinary NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1631 8 approach approach NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1632 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1632 2 expert expert NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1632 3 working work VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1632 4 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1632 5 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1632 6 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1632 7 selected select VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1632 8 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1632 9 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1632 10 basis basis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1632 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1632 12 having have VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1632 13 expertise expertise NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1632 14 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1632 15 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1632 16 science science NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1632 17 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1632 18 ethology ethology NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1632 19 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1632 20 veterinary veterinary JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1632 21 medicine medicine NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1632 22 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1632 23 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1632 24 assessment assessment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1632 25 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1632 26 food food NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1632 27 safety safety NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1632 28 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1633 1 B. B. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1633 2 Listing Listing NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1633 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1633 4 potential potential JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1633 5 hazards hazard NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1633 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1633 7 hazard hazard NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1633 8 characterization characterization NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1633 9 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1633 10 exposure exposure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1633 11 assessment assessment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1634 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1634 2 first first JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1634 3 step step NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1634 4 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1634 5 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1634 6 describe describe VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1634 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1634 8 needs need NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1634 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1634 10 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1634 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1634 12 see see VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1634 13 chapter chapter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1634 14 7 7 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1634 15 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1634 16 listed list VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1634 17 below below RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1634 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1634 19 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1635 1 Then then RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1635 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1635 3 36 36 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1635 4 hazards hazard NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1635 5 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1635 6 might may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1635 7 compromise compromise VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1635 8 those those DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1635 9 needs need NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1635 10 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1635 11 identified identify VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1636 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1636 2 Table Table NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1636 3 12 12 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1636 4 . . CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1636 5 2 2 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1636 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1636 7 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1636 8 related relate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1636 9 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1636 10 each each DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1636 11 specific specific JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1636 12 need need NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1636 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1636 14 Table table NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1636 15 12 12 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1636 16 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1636 17 3 3 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1636 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1636 19 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1637 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1637 2 hazards hazard NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1637 3 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1637 4 characterized characterize VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1637 5 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1637 6 relation relation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1637 7 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1637 8 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1637 9 impact impact NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1637 10 they -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1637 11 have have VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1637 12 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1637 13 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1637 14 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1637 15 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1638 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1638 2 exposure exposure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1638 3 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1638 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1638 5 hazard hazard NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1638 6 might may MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1638 7 vary vary VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1638 8 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1638 9 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1638 10 rearing rearing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1638 11 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1638 12 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1639 1 For for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1639 2 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1639 3 purpose purpose NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1639 4 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1639 5 set set NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1639 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1639 7 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1639 8 rearing rearing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1639 9 categories category NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1639 10 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1639 11 developed develop VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1639 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1639 13 Table table NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1639 14 12 12 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1639 15 .1 .1 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1639 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1640 1 as as RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1640 2 well well RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1640 3 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1640 4 scoring score VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1640 5 categories category NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1640 6 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1640 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1640 8 hazard hazard NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1640 9 characterisation characterisation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1640 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1640 11 exposure exposure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1640 12 assessment assessment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1640 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1640 14 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1640 15 evaluation evaluation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1640 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1640 17 Table table NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1640 18 12 12 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1640 19 .4 .4 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1640 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1640 21 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1641 1 B.a B.a NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1641 2 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1642 1 Small small JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1642 2 groups group NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1642 3 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1642 4 bucket bucket NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1642 5 fed fed NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1642 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1642 7 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1642 8 suckling suckle VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1642 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1642 10 + + CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1642 11 solid solid JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1642 12 foods food NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1642 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1642 14 weaned wean VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1642 15 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1642 16 2 2 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1642 17 -3 -3 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1642 18 months month NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1643 1 B.b B.b NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1643 2 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1644 1 Groups group NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1644 2 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1644 3 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1644 4 automatic automatic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1644 5 feeding feeding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1644 6 system system NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1644 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1644 8 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1644 9 suckling suckle VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1644 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1644 11 + + CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1644 12 solid solid JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1644 13 foods food NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1644 14 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1644 15 weaned wean VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1644 16 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1644 17 2 2 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1644 18 - - SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1644 19 3 3 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1644 20 months month NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1644 21 B.c B.c NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1644 22 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1645 1 Feed feed NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1645 2 lots lot NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1645 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1645 4 high high JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1645 5 density density NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1645 6 groups group NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1645 7 within within IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1645 8 outside outside JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1645 9 pens pen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1645 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1645 11 B.d B.d NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1645 12 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1646 1 Hutches hutch NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1646 2 outside outside RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1646 3 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1646 4 bucket bucket NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1646 5 fed fed NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1646 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1646 7 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1646 8 suckling suckle VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1646 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1646 10 + + CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1646 11 solid solid JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1646 12 foods food NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1646 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1646 14 weaned wean VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1646 15 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1646 16 2 2 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1646 17 - - SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1646 18 3 3 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1646 19 months month NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1646 20 Beef Beef NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1646 21 Calves Calves NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1646 22 C.a c.a VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1646 23 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1647 1 Suckler suckler NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1647 2 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1647 3 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1647 4 small small JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1647 5 groups group NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1647 6 kept keep VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1647 7 inside inside RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1647 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1647 9 led lead VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1647 10 twice twice PDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1647 11 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1647 12 day day NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1647 13 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1647 14 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1647 15 dam dam NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1647 16 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1647 17 suckling suckle VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1647 18 up up RP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1647 19 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1647 20 6 6 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1647 21 - - SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1647 22 9 9 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1647 23 months month NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1648 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1648 2 hazards hazard NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1648 3 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1648 4 identified identify VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1648 5 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1648 6 characterized characterize VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1648 7 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1648 8 as as RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1648 9 well well RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1648 10 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1648 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1648 12 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1648 13 estimate estimate NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1648 14 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1648 15 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1648 16 probable probable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1648 17 exposure exposure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1648 18 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1649 1 However however RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1649 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1649 3 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1649 4 ensure ensure VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1649 5 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1649 6 these these DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1649 7 estimates estimate NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1649 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1649 9 exposure exposure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1649 10 correspond correspond VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1649 11 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1649 12 current current JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1649 13 practice practice NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1649 14 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1649 15 various various JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1649 16 European european JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1649 17 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1649 18 production production NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1649 19 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1649 20 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1649 21 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1649 22 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1649 23 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1649 24 veterinarians veterinarian NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1649 25 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1649 26 experts expert NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1649 27 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1649 28 clinical clinical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1649 29 practice practice NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1649 30 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1649 31 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1649 32 production production NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1649 33 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1649 34 named name VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1649 35 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1649 36 " " `` cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1649 37 Consultation Consultation NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1649 38 Group Group NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1649 39 " " '' cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1649 40 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1649 41 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1649 42 identified identify VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1649 43 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1650 1 Criteria criterion NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1650 2 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1650 3 invitation invitation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1650 4 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1650 5 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1650 6 following follow VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1650 7 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1650 8 predominantly predominantly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1650 9 engaged engage VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1650 10 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1650 11 clinical clinical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1650 12 practice practice NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1650 13 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1650 14 extensive extensive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1650 15 clinical clinical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1650 16 experience experience NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1650 17 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1650 18 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1650 19 medicine medicine NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1650 20 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1650 21 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1650 22 covering cover VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1650 23 various various JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1650 24 geographical geographical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1650 25 areas area NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1650 26 where where WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1650 27 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1650 28 production production NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1650 29 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1650 30 significant significant JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1650 31 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1650 32 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1650 33 EU EU NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1650 34 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1651 1 Another another DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1651 2 important important JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1651 3 criterion criterion NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1651 4 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1651 5 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1651 6 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1651 7 consultant consultant NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1651 8 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1651 9 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1651 10 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1651 11 affiliated affiliate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1651 12 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1651 13 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1651 14 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1651 15 production production NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1651 16 industry industry NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1651 17 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1652 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1652 2 total total JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1652 3 7 7 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1652 4 veterinarians veterinarian NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1652 5 accepted accept VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1652 6 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1652 7 invitation invitation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1652 8 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1652 9 assist assist VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1652 10 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1652 11 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1652 12 exposure exposure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1652 13 assessment assessment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1652 14 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1653 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1653 2 experience experience NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1653 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1653 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1653 5 individuals individual NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1653 6 covered cover VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1653 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1653 8 various various JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1653 9 husbandry husbandry NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1653 10 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1653 11 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1653 12 important important JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1653 13 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1653 14 producing produce VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1653 15 countries country NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1653 16 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1653 17 Europe Europe NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1653 18 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1654 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1654 2 consultation consultation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1654 3 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1654 4 prompted prompt VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1654 5 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1654 6 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1654 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1654 8 exposure exposure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1654 9 assessment assessment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1654 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1654 11 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1654 12 quintile quintile NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1654 13 distribution distribution NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1654 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1654 15 i.e. i.e. FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1654 16 five five CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1654 17 classes class NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1654 18 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1654 19 20 20 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1654 20 % % NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1654 21 increments increment NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1654 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1654 23 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1654 24 exposure exposure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1654 25 classes class NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1654 26 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1654 27 adopted adopt VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1654 28 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1655 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1655 2 some some DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1655 3 instances instance NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1655 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1655 5 estimates estimate NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1655 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1655 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1655 8 WG WG NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1655 9 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1655 10 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1655 11 Consultation Consultation NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1655 12 Group Group NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1655 13 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1655 14 exposure exposure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1655 15 did do VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1655 16 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1655 17 agree agree VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1655 18 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1655 19 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1655 20 case case NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1655 21 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1655 22 opinion opinion NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1655 23 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1655 24 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1655 25 Consultation Consultation NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1655 26 Group Group NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1655 27 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1655 28 interpreted interpret VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1655 29 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1655 30 represent represent VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1655 31 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1655 32 factual factual JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1655 33 situation situation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1655 34 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1656 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1656 2 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1656 3 instances instance NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1656 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1656 5 exposure exposure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1656 6 could could MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1656 7 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1656 8 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1656 9 estimated estimate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1656 10 due due IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1656 11 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1656 12 lack lack NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1656 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1656 14 data datum NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1656 15 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1656 16 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1656 17 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1656 18 cases case VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1656 19 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1656 20 risks risk NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1656 21 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1656 22 labelled label VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1656 23 " " `` cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1656 24 uncertain uncertain JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1656 25 " " '' cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1656 26 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1657 1 For for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1657 2 hazards hazard NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1657 3 characterized characterize VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1657 4 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1657 5 moderately moderately RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1657 6 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1657 7 very very RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1657 8 serious serious JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1657 9 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1657 10 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1657 11 uncertainty uncertainty NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1657 12 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1657 13 highlighted highlight VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1657 14 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1658 1 Table table NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1658 2 1 1 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1658 3 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1658 4 Annex Annex NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1658 5 1 1 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1658 6 show show VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1658 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1658 8 agreed agree VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1658 9 scoring scoring NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1658 10 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1658 11 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1658 12 WG WG NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1658 13 Members Members NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1658 14 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1658 15 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1658 16 " " `` cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1658 17 Consultation Consultation NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1658 18 Group Group NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1658 19 " " '' cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1658 20 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1658 21 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1658 22 hazard hazard NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1658 23 characterisation characterisation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1658 24 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1658 25 exposure exposure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1658 26 assessment assessment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1658 27 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1658 28 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1658 29 evaluation evaluation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1658 30 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1659 1 Inadequate inadequate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1659 2 colostrum colostrum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1659 3 intake intake NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1659 4 -quantity -quantity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1659 5 1b 1b CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1659 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1660 1 Inadequate inadequate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1660 2 colostrum colostrum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1660 3 intake intake NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1661 1 -quality -quality NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1661 2 1c 1c NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1661 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1662 1 Inadequate inadequate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1662 2 colostrum colostrum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1662 3 intake intake NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1663 1 -duration -duration $ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1663 2 2 2 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1663 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1664 1 Iron iron NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1664 2 deficiency deficiency NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1664 3 resulting result VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1664 4 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1664 5 Haemoglobin haemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1664 6 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1664 7 below below IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1664 8 4.5 4.5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1664 9 mmol mmol JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1664 10 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1664 11 l l NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1664 12 3 3 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1664 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1664 14 Deficiency deficiency NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1664 15 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1664 16 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1664 17 minerals mineral NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1664 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1664 19 Cu Cu NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1664 20 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1664 21 Se Se NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1664 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1664 23 4 4 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1664 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1665 1 Insufficient insufficient JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1665 2 access access NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1665 3 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1665 4 water water NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1665 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1665 6 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1665 7 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1665 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1665 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1665 10 especially especially RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1665 11 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1665 12 warm warm JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1665 13 season season NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1665 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1666 1 5 5 LS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1666 2 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1667 1 Allergenic allergenic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1667 2 proteins protein NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1667 3 6 6 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1667 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1668 1 Insufficient insufficient JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1668 2 appropriately appropriately RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1668 3 balanced balance VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1668 4 solid solid JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1668 5 food food NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1668 6 7 7 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1668 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1669 1 Overfeeding overfeed VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1669 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1669 3 Too too RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1669 4 rich rich JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1669 5 diet diet NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1669 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1669 7 8) 8) NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1670 1 Underfeeding Underfeeding NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1670 2 9 9 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1670 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1671 1 Too too RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1671 2 low low JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1671 3 temperature temperature NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1671 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1671 5 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1671 6 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1671 7 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1671 8 replacer replacer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1671 9 10 10 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1671 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1672 1 Exposure exposure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1672 2 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1672 3 excessively excessively RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1672 4 contaminated contaminate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1672 5 feed feed NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1672 6 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1672 7 results result VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1672 8 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1672 9 pathology pathology NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1672 10 11 11 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1672 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1673 1 No no DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1673 2 access access NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1673 3 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1673 4 natural natural JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1673 5 teat teat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1673 6 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1673 7 artificial artificial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1673 8 teat teat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1673 9 HOUSING HOUSING NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1673 10 12 12 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1673 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1674 1 High high JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1674 2 humidity humidity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1674 3 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1674 4 too too RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1674 5 high high JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1674 6 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1674 7 low low JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1674 8 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1674 9 temperature temperature NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1674 10 13 13 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1674 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1675 1 Indoor indoor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1675 2 draughts draught NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1675 3 14 14 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1675 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1676 1 Inadequate inadequate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1676 2 ventilation ventilation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1676 3 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1676 4 inappropriate inappropriate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1676 5 airflow airflow NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1676 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1676 7 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1676 8 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1676 9 distribution distribution NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1676 10 within within IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1676 11 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1676 12 house house NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1676 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1676 14 airspeed airspeed NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1676 15 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1676 16 temperature temperature NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1676 17 15 15 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1676 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1677 1 Poor poor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1677 2 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1677 3 quality quality NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1677 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1677 5 ammonia ammonia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1677 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1677 7 bio bio NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1677 8 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1677 9 aerosols aerosol NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1677 10 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1677 11 dust dust NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1677 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1677 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1678 1 16 16 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1678 2 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1679 1 Poor poor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1679 2 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1679 3 quality quality NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1679 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1679 5 _SP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1679 6 Major Major NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1679 7 Risk Risk NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1679 8 1 1 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1680 1 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1680 2 0 0 NFP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1680 3 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1680 4 considered consider VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1680 5 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1680 6 applicable applicable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1680 7 C. C. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1680 8 Assessment Assessment NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1680 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1680 10 whether whether IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1680 11 hazards hazard NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1680 12 pose pose VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1680 13 risks risk NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1680 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1680 15 substantiation substantiation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1680 16 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1680 17 scientific scientific JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1680 18 evidence evidence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1680 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1681 1 As as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1681 2 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1681 3 consequence consequence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1681 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1681 5 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1681 6 hazard hazard NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1681 7 characterisation characterisation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1681 8 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1681 9 exposure exposure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1681 10 assessment assessment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1681 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1681 12 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1681 13 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1681 14 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1681 15 poor poor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1681 16 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1681 17 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1681 18 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1681 19 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1681 20 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1681 21 assessed assess VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1681 22 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1681 23 integrating integrate VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1681 24 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1681 25 hazard hazard NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1681 26 character character NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1681 27 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1681 28 exposure exposure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1681 29 according accord VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1681 30 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1681 31 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1681 32 Table Table NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1681 33 12 12 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1681 34 .5 .5 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1681 35 below below RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1681 36 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1682 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1682 2 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1682 3 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1682 4 assessed assess VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1682 5 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1682 6 " " `` cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1682 7 Major Major NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1682 8 " " '' cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1682 9 if if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1682 10 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1682 11 hazard hazard NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1682 12 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1682 13 judged judge VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1682 14 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1682 15 have have VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1682 16 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1682 17 very very RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1682 18 serious serious JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1682 19 effect effect NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1682 20 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1682 21 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1682 22 exposure exposure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1682 23 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1682 24 frequent frequent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1682 25 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1682 26 very very RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1682 27 frequent frequent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1682 28 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1682 29 if if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1682 30 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1682 31 hazard hazard NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1682 32 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1682 33 serious serious JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1682 34 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1682 35 exposure exposure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1682 36 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1682 37 very very RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1682 38 frequent frequent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1682 39 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1683 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1683 2 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1683 3 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1683 4 assessed assess VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1683 5 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1683 6 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1683 7 " " `` cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1683 8 minor minor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1683 9 " " '' cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1683 10 if if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1683 11 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1683 12 hazard hazard NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1683 13 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1683 14 very very RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1683 15 serious serious JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1683 16 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1683 17 exposure exposure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1683 18 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1683 19 rare rare JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1683 20 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1683 21 if if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1683 22 hazard hazard NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1683 23 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1683 24 moderately moderately RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1683 25 serious serious JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1683 26 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1683 27 exposure exposure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1683 28 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1683 29 moderately moderately RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1683 30 frequent frequent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1683 31 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1683 32 if if IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1683 33 hazard hazard NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1683 34 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1683 35 adverse adverse JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1683 36 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1683 37 exposure exposure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1683 38 was be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1683 39 very very RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1683 40 frequent frequent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1683 41 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1683 42 _SP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1684 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1684 2 hazards hazard NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1684 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1684 4 iron iron NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1684 5 deficiency deficiency NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1684 6 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1684 7 insufficient insufficient JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1684 8 floor floor NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1684 9 space space NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1684 10 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1684 11 considered consider VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1684 12 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1684 13 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1684 14 very very RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1684 15 serious serious JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1684 16 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1684 17 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1684 18 hazard hazard NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1684 19 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1684 20 inadequate inadequate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1684 21 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1684 22 monitoring monitoring NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1684 23 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1684 24 considered consider VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1684 25 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1684 26 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1684 27 serious serious JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1684 28 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1684 29 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1684 30 hazards hazard NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1684 31 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1684 32 exposure exposure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1684 33 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1684 34 inadequate inadequate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1684 35 hemoglobin hemoglobin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1684 36 monitoring monitoring NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1684 37 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1684 38 allergenic allergenic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1684 39 proteins protein NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1684 40 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1684 41 too too RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1684 42 rich rich JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1684 43 diet diet NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1684 44 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1684 45 considered consider VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1684 46 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1684 47 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1684 48 moderately moderately RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1684 49 serious serious JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1684 50 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1685 1 For for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1685 2 these these DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1685 3 hazards hazard NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1685 4 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1685 5 there there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1685 6 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1685 7 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1685 8 enough enough JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1685 9 information information NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1685 10 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1685 11 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1685 12 exposure exposure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1685 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1685 14 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1685 15 mainly mainly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1685 16 due due JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1685 17 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1685 18 lack lack NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1685 19 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1685 20 data datum NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1685 21 why why WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1685 22 it -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1685 23 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1685 24 recommended recommend VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1685 25 that that IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1685 26 further further JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1685 27 studies study NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1685 28 should should MD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1685 29 be be VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1685 30 made make VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1685 31 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1685 32 provide provide VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1685 33 evidence evidence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1685 34 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1685 35 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1685 36 exposure exposure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1685 37 assessment assessment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1685 38 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1686 1 Regarding regard VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1686 2 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1686 3 hazard hazard NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1686 4 35 35 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1686 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1686 6 Castration castration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1686 7 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1686 8 dehorning dehorn VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1686 9 without without IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1686 10 anesthetic anesthetic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1686 11 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1686 12 analgesic analgesic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1686 13 drugs drug NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1686 14 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1686 15 there there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1686 16 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1686 17 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1686 18 variation variation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1686 19 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1686 20 relation relation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1686 21 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1686 22 national national JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1686 23 legislation legislation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1686 24 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1686 25 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1686 26 why why WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1686 27 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1686 28 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1686 29 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1686 30 poor poor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1686 31 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1686 32 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1686 33 relation relation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1686 34 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1686 35 castration castration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1686 36 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1686 37 dehorning dehorning NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1686 38 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1686 39 widely widely RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1686 40 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1686 41 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1686 42 countries country NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1686 43 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1687 1 Further further RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1687 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1687 3 there there EX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1687 4 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1687 5 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1687 6 variation variation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1687 7 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1687 8 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1687 9 use use NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1687 10 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1687 11 analgesia analgesia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1687 12 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1687 13 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1687 14 time time NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1687 15 after after IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1687 16 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1687 17 surgery surgery NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1687 18 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1687 19 carried carry VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1687 20 out out RP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1687 21 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1687 22 also also RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1687 23 affects affect VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1687 24 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1687 25 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1687 26 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1687 27 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1687 28 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1687 29 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1688 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1688 2 AHAW AHAW NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1688 3 Panel Panel NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1688 4 wishes wish VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1688 5 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1688 6 thank thank VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1688 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1688 8 members member NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1688 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1688 10 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1688 11 working work VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1688 12 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1688 13 chaired chair VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1688 14 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1688 15 panel panel NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1688 16 member member NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1688 17 _SP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1689 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1689 2 needs need NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1689 3 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1689 4 functioning functioning NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1689 5 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1689 6 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1690 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1690 2 needs need NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1690 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1690 4 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1690 5 Hutches hutch NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1690 6 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1690 7 partially partially RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1690 8 closed close VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1690 9 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1690 10 outside outside JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1690 11 area area NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1691 1 Individual individual JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1691 2 pens pen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1691 3 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1691 4 open open JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1691 5 front front JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1691 6 structure structure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1691 7 Straw Straw NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1691 8 yard yard NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1691 9 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1691 10 bedded bed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1691 11 lying lying NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1691 12 area area NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1691 13 1.2.6 1.2.6 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1691 14 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1692 1 Group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1692 2 pens pen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1692 3 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1692 4 automatic automatic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1692 5 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1692 6 feeder feeder NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1692 7 3 3 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1692 8 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1693 1 Calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1693 2 rearing rearing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1693 3 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1693 4 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1693 5 environmental environmental JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1693 6 pollution pollution NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1693 7 3.2 3.2 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1693 8 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1694 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1694 2 quantitative quantitative JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1694 3 share share NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1694 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1694 5 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1694 6 production production NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1694 7 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1694 8 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1694 9 pollution pollution NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1694 10 problem problem NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1694 11 35 35 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1694 12 10 10 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1694 13 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1695 1 Calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1695 2 diseases disease NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1695 3 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1695 4 use use NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1695 5 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1695 6 antibiotics antibiotic NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1696 1 Human human JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1696 2 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1696 3 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1696 4 Verotoxigenic Verotoxigenic NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1696 5 Escherichia Escherichia NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1696 6 coli coli NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1696 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1696 8 HP HP NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1696 9 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1696 10 VTEC VTEC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1696 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1696 12 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1696 13 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1696 14 farms farm NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1696 15 Risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1696 16 evaluation evaluation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1696 17 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1696 18 principles principle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1696 19 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1696 20 food food NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1696 21 safety safety NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1696 22 assurance assurance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1696 23 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1696 24 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1696 25 farm farm NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1696 26 level level NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1696 27 Listing listing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1696 28 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1696 29 potential potential JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1696 30 hazards hazard NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1696 31 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1696 32 hazard hazard NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1696 33 characterization characterization NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1696 34 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1696 35 exposure exposure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1696 36 assessment assessment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1696 37 Assessment Assessment NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1696 38 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1696 39 whether whether IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1696 40 hazards hazard NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1696 41 pose pose VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1696 42 risks risk NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1696 43 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1696 44 substantiation substantiation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1696 45 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1696 46 scientific scientific JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1696 47 evidence evidence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1696 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1697 1 Annex annex NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1697 2 1 1 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1697 3 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1698 1 Hazard hazard NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1698 2 characterisation characterisation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1698 3 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1698 4 exposure exposure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1698 5 assessment assessment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1699 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1699 2 effects effect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1699 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1699 4 antibiotic antibiotic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1699 5 usage usage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1699 6 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1699 7 food food NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1699 8 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1699 9 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1699 10 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1699 11 development development NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1699 12 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1699 13 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1699 14 resistance resistance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1699 15 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1699 16 importance importance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1699 17 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1699 18 humans human NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1699 19 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1699 20 Campylobacter Campylobacter NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1699 21 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1699 22 Escherichia Escherichia NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1699 23 coli coli NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 1 Cytotoxic cytotoxic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 2 interactions interaction NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 3 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 4 bovine bovine JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 5 parainfluenza parainfluenza NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 6 type type NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 7 3 3 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 8 virus virus NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 9 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 10 bovine bovine JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 11 alveolar alveolar NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 12 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 13 Immune immune JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 14 function function NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 15 is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 16 impaired impair VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 17 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 18 iron iron NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 19 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 20 deficient deficient JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 21 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 22 homebound homebound JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 23 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 24 older old JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 25 women woman NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 26 Effect effect VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 27 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 28 orally orally RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 29 administered administer VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 30 cimetidine cimetidine NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 31 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 32 ranitidine ranitidine NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 33 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 34 abomasal abomasal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 35 luminal luminal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 36 pH pH NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 37 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 38 clinically clinically RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 39 normal normal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 40 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 41 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 42 fed feed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 43 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 44 Effect Effect NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 45 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 46 feeding feed VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 47 frequency frequency NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 48 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 49 route route NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 50 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 51 administration administration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 52 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 53 abomasal abomasal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 54 luminal luminal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 55 pH pH NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 56 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 57 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 58 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 59 fed feed VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 60 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 61 replacer replacer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 62 Effect effect NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 63 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 64 orally orally RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 65 administered administer VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 66 omeprazole omeprazole NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 67 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 68 abomasal abomasal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 69 luminal luminal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 70 pH pH NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 71 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 72 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 73 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 74 fed feed VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 75 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 76 replacer replacer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 77 Dairy Dairy NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 78 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 79 pneumonia pneumonia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1700 80 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1701 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1701 2 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1701 3 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1701 4 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1701 5 impact impact NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1701 6 Effect effect NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1701 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1701 8 Type Type NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1701 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1701 10 Housing Housing NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1701 11 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1701 12 Veal Veal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1701 13 Calf Calf NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1701 14 Growth Growth NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1701 15 Performance Performance NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1701 16 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1701 17 Behavior Behavior NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1701 18 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1701 19 Meat Meat NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1701 20 Quality Quality NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1701 21 Incidence incidence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1701 22 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1701 23 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1701 24 disorders disorder NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1701 25 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1701 26 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1701 27 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1701 28 non non JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1701 29 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1701 30 weaned wean VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1701 31 Charolais Charolais NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1701 32 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1701 33 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1701 34 cow cow NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1701 35 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1701 36 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1701 37 farms farm NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1701 38 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1701 39 Pays Pays NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1701 40 de de NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1701 41 la la NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1701 42 Loire Loire NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1701 43 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1701 44 western western JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1701 45 France France NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1701 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1702 1 Age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1702 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1702 3 geographic geographic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1702 4 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1702 5 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1702 6 temporal temporal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1702 7 distribution distribution NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1702 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1702 9 fecal fecal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1702 10 shedding shedding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1702 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1702 12 Cryptosporidium cryptosporidium NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1702 13 parvum parvum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1702 14 oocysts oocyst NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1702 15 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1702 16 cow cow NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1702 17 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1702 18 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1702 19 herds herd NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1702 20 Effect effect NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1702 21 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1702 22 individual individual JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1702 23 versus versus IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1702 24 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1702 25 rearing rearing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1702 26 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1702 27 ethological ethological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1702 28 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1702 29 physiological physiological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1702 30 responses response NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1702 31 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1702 32 crossbred crossbred JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1702 33 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1702 34 Bovine bovine JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1702 35 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1702 36 syncytical syncytical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1702 37 virus virus NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1702 38 Bovine bovine JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1702 39 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1702 40 syncytical syncytical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1702 41 virus virus NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1702 42 Ventilation ventilation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1702 43 system system NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1702 44 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1702 45 reduce reduce VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1702 46 pneumonia pneumonia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1702 47 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1702 48 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1702 49 warm warm JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1702 50 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1702 51 house house NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1702 52 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1703 1 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1703 2 case case NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1703 3 study study NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1703 4 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1703 5 effect effect NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1703 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1703 7 increasing increase VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1703 8 dietary dietary JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1703 9 fibre fibre NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1703 10 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1703 11 feeding feeding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1703 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1703 13 rumination rumination NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1703 14 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1703 15 oral oral JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1703 16 sterotypies sterotypie NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1703 17 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1703 18 captive captive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1703 19 giraffes giraffe NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1703 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1703 21 Giraffa Giraffa NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1703 22 camelopardalis camelopardalis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1703 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1704 1 Neuroendocrine neuroendocrine JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1704 2 alterations alteration NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1704 3 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1704 4 iron iron NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1704 5 deficiency deficiency NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1704 6 Effects effect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1704 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1704 8 form form NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1704 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1704 10 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1704 11 diet diet NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1704 12 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1704 13 anatomical anatomical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1704 14 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1704 15 microbial microbial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1704 16 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1704 17 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1704 18 fermentative fermentative JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1704 19 development development NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1704 20 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1704 21 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1704 22 rumen rumen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1704 23 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1704 24 neonatal neonatal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1704 25 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1704 26 Pattern Pattern NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1704 27 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1704 28 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1704 29 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1704 30 newborn newborn JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1704 31 beef beef NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1704 32 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1704 33 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1704 34 south south JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1704 35 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1704 36 west west NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1704 37 France France NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1704 38 Respiratory Respiratory NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1704 39 Infections Infections NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1705 1 -Project -Project NFP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1705 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 1 Panorama Panorama NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 2 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 3 Treatment Treatment NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 4 Strategies Strategies NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 5 Kälberkrankheiten Kälberkrankheiten NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 6 Spatial Spatial NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 7 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 8 Temporal Temporal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 9 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 10 Management Management NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 11 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 12 Specific Specific NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 13 Factors factor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 14 Influencing influence VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 15 Antibiotic Antibiotic NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 16 Resistance Resistance NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 17 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 18 Carbohydrate Carbohydrate NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 19 Fermentation fermentation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 20 Patterns pattern NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 21 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 22 Bovine Bovine NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 23 Enteric enteric JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 24 Escherichia Escherichia NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 25 coli coli NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 26 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 27 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 28 Clinical clinical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 29 Consequences consequence NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 30 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 31 Limiting limit VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 32 Antibiotic antibiotic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 33 Use Use NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 34 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 35 Pre pre JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 36 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 37 weaned weaned JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 38 Calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 39 Assessing assess VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 40 antibiotic antibiotic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 41 resistance resistance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 42 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 43 fecal fecal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 44 Escherichia Escherichia NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 45 coli coli NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 46 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 47 young young JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 48 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 49 using use VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 50 cluster cluster NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 51 analysis analysis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 52 techniques technique NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 53 Animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 54 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 55 farm farm NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 56 influences influence NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 57 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 58 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 59 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 60 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 61 antibiotic antibiotic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 62 resistance resistance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 63 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 64 faecal faecal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 65 Escherichia Escherichia NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 66 coli coli NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 67 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 68 young young JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 69 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 70 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 71 Assessing assess VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 72 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 73 effect effect NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 74 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 75 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 76 single single JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 77 dose dose NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 78 florfenicol florfenicol NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 79 treatment treatment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 80 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 81 feedlot feedlot NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 82 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 83 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 84 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 85 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 86 resistance resistance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 87 patterns pattern NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 88 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 89 fecal fecal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 90 Escherichia Escherichia NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1706 91 coli coli NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1707 1 A a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1707 2 clinical clinical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1707 3 trial trial NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1707 4 evaluating evaluate VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1707 5 prophylactic prophylactic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1707 6 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1707 7 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1707 8 antibiotic antibiotic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1707 9 use use NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1707 10 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1707 11 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1707 12 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1707 13 performance performance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1707 14 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1707 15 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 1 A a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 2 field field NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 3 trial trial NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 4 evaluating evaluate VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 5 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 6 influence influence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 8 prophylactic prophylactic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 9 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 10 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 11 antibiotic antibiotic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 12 administration administration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 13 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 14 antibiotic antibiotic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 15 resistance resistance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 16 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 17 fecal fecal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 18 Escherichia Escherichia NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 19 coli coli NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 20 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 21 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 22 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 23 Cryptosporidium Cryptosporidium NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 24 parvum parvum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 25 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 26 Giardia Giardia NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 27 intestinalis intestinalis NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 28 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 29 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 30 enteric enteric JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 31 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 32 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 33 Swedish swedish JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 34 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 35 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 36 Role role NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 37 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 38 oxytocin oxytocin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 39 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 40 glucose glucose NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 41 homeostasis homeostasis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 42 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 43 weight weight NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 44 gain gain NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 45 Iron iron NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 46 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 47 deficiency deficiency NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 48 anaemia anaemia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 49 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 50 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 51 Endocrine endocrine JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 52 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 53 metabolic metabolic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 54 aspects aspect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 55 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 56 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 57 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 58 fed feed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 59 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 60 Nutritional nutritional JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 61 physiology physiology NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 62 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 63 neonatal neonatal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 64 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 65 Grouping group VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 66 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 67 social social JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 68 preferences preference NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 69 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 70 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 71 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 72 heifers heifer NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 73 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 74 cows cow NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 75 Emotional emotional JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 76 reactivity reactivity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 77 affected affect VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 78 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 79 chronic chronic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 80 stress stress NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 81 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 82 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 83 experimental experimental JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 84 approach approach NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 85 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 86 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 87 submitted submit VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 88 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 89 environmental environmental JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 90 instability instability NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 91 Is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 92 gentling gentle VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 93 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 94 people people NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 95 rewarding rewarding JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 96 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 97 beef beef NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 98 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1708 99 ? ? . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1709 1 Early early JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1709 2 contact contact NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1709 3 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1709 4 peers peer NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1709 5 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1709 6 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1709 7 stockperson stockperson NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1709 8 influences influence NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1709 9 later later RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1709 10 emotivity emotivity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1709 11 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1709 12 social social JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1709 13 behaviour behaviour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1709 14 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1709 15 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1709 16 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1709 17 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1709 18 maternal maternal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1709 19 environment environment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1709 20 limits limit VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1709 21 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1709 22 effect effect NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1709 23 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1709 24 early early JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1709 25 human human JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1709 26 nursing nursing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1709 27 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1709 28 contact contact NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1709 29 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1709 30 lambs lamb NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1709 31 ' ' POS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1709 32 socialisation socialisation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1709 33 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1709 34 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1709 35 stockperson stockperson NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1709 36 Stockmanship Stockmanship NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1709 37 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1709 38 Farm Farm NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1709 39 Animal Animal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1709 40 Welfare Welfare NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1709 41 Activity Activity NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1709 42 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1709 43 Oral Oral NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1709 44 Behaviour Behaviour NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1709 45 And and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1709 46 Slaughter Slaughter NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1709 47 Data Data NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1710 1 As as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1710 2 Welfare Welfare NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1710 3 Indicators Indicators NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1710 4 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1710 5 Veal Veal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1710 6 Calves Calves NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1710 7 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1711 1 A a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1711 2 Comparison comparison NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1711 3 Of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1711 4 Three Three NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1711 5 Housing Housing NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1711 6 Systems Systems NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1711 7 Isolation Isolation NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1711 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1711 9 verocytotoxin verocytotoxin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1711 10 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1711 11 producing produce VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1711 12 Escherichia Escherichia NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1711 13 coli coli NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1711 14 O157 O157 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1711 15 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1712 1 H7 h7 NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1712 2 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1712 3 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1712 4 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1712 5 slaughter slaughter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1712 6 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1712 7 Italy Italy NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1712 8 Bovine Bovine NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1712 9 reservoir reservoir NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1712 10 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1712 11 verotoxin verotoxin RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1712 12 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1712 13 producing produce VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1712 14 Escherichia Escherichia NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1712 15 coli coli NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1712 16 O157 O157 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1712 17 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1712 18 H7 H7 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1712 19 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1713 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1713 2 Lancet(i Lancet(i NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1713 3 Anaemia anaemia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1713 4 And and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1713 5 Veal Veal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1713 6 Calf Calf NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1713 7 Production production NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1713 8 Abomasal Abomasal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1713 9 ulcers ulcer NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1713 10 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1713 11 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1713 12 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1713 13 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1713 14 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1713 15 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1713 16 prevention prevention NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1713 17 Husbandry husbandry NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1713 18 methods method NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1713 19 leading lead VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1713 20 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1713 21 inadequate inadequate JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1713 22 social social JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1713 23 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1713 24 maternal maternal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1713 25 behaviour behaviour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1713 26 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1713 27 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1713 28 Indicators indicator NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1713 29 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1713 30 poor poor JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1713 31 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1713 32 Needs need NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1713 33 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1713 34 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1713 35 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1713 36 housed house VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1713 37 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1713 38 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1714 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1714 2 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1714 3 New New NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1714 4 Trends Trends NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1714 5 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1714 6 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1714 7 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1714 8 production production NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1714 9 Scientific scientific JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1714 10 research research NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1714 11 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1714 12 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1714 13 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1714 14 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1714 15 Welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1714 16 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1714 17 stress stress NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1714 18 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1714 19 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1714 20 evolution evolution NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1714 21 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1714 22 feelings feeling NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1714 23 Welfare Welfare NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1714 24 assessment assessment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1714 25 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1714 26 problem problem NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1714 27 areas area NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1714 28 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1714 29 handling handling NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1714 30 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1714 31 transport transport VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1714 32 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1714 33 use use NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1714 34 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1714 35 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1714 36 concept concept NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1714 37 Animal Animal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1714 38 Welfare Welfare NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1714 39 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1714 40 European european JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1714 41 conventions convention NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1714 42 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1714 43 regulations regulation NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1714 44 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1714 45 directives directive NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1714 46 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1715 1 Food food NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1715 2 Chain Chain NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1715 3 Evolution Evolution NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1715 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1715 5 pain pain NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1715 6 Coping coping NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1715 7 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1715 8 stress stress NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1715 9 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1715 10 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1715 11 Welfare Welfare NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1715 12 Behaviour Behaviour NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1715 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1715 14 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1715 15 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1715 16 relation relation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1715 17 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1715 18 pathology pathology NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 2 effects effect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 4 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 5 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 6 rearing rear VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 7 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 8 partial partial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 9 isolation isolation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 10 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 11 later later JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 12 social social JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 13 behaviour behaviour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 14 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 15 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 16 Approaching approach VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 17 questions question NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 18 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 19 stress stress NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 20 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 21 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 22 Effects effect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 23 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 24 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 25 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 26 farm farm NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 27 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 28 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 29 Bem Bem NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 30 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 31 estar estar NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 32 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 33 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 34 conceito conceito NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 35 e e NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 36 questões questões NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 37 relacionadas relacionadas NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 38 -revisão -revisão NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 39 Brain Brain NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 40 measures measure NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 41 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 42 tell tell VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 43 us -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 44 about about IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 45 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 46 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 47 Experimental Experimental NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 48 Escherichia Escherichia NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 49 coli coli NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 50 O157 O157 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 51 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 52 H7 H7 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 53 carriage carriage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 54 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 55 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 56 Untersuchung Untersuchung NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 57 von von NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 58 Todesursachen Todesursachen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 59 bei bei NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 60 Kälbern Kälbern NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 61 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 62 Schleswig Schleswig NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 63 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 64 Holstein Holstein NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 65 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 66 den den NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1716 67 Jahren Jahren NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1717 1 Eimeria Eimeria NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1717 2 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1717 3 Infektionen Infektionen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1717 4 beim beim NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1717 5 Rind Rind NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1717 6 Calf Calf NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1717 7 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1717 8 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1717 9 cow cow NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1717 10 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1717 11 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1717 12 herds herd NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1717 13 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1717 14 Swotzerland Swotzerland NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1717 15 Prevalence prevalence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1717 16 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1717 17 infection infection NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1717 18 risks risk NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1717 19 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1717 20 zoonotic zoonotic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1717 21 enteropathogenic enteropathogenic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1717 22 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1717 23 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1717 24 Swiss swiss JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1717 25 cow cow NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1717 26 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1717 27 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1717 28 farms farm NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1717 29 Principles Principles NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1717 30 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1717 31 Guidelines Guidelines NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1717 32 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1717 33 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1717 34 Conduct Conduct NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1717 35 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1717 36 Microbiological Microbiological NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1717 37 Risk Risk NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1717 38 Assessment Assessment NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1717 39 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1718 1 Document Document NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1718 2 CAC CAC NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1718 3 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1718 4 GL GL NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1718 5 30 30 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 2 influence influence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 4 air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 5 quality quality NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 6 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 7 production production NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 8 increases increase NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 9 associated associate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 10 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 11 all all DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 12 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 13 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 14 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 15 all all RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 16 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 17 out out RP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 18 management management NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 19 Essentials essential NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 20 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 21 Veterinary Veterinary NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 22 Bacteriology Bacteriology NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 23 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 24 Cattle Cattle NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 25 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 26 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 27 possible possible JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 28 source source NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 29 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 30 verocytotoxin verocytotoxin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 31 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 32 producing produce VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 33 Escherichia Escherichia NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 34 coli coli NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 35 O157 O157 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 36 infections infection NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 37 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 38 man man NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 39 Effects effect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 40 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 41 pair pair NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 42 versus versus IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 43 individual individual JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 44 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 45 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 46 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 47 behavior behavior NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 48 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 49 performance performance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 50 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 51 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 52 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 53 Antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 54 use use NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 55 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 56 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 57 treatment treatment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 58 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 59 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 60 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 61 Effects effect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 62 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 63 various various JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 64 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 65 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 66 forage forage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 67 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 68 form form NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 69 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 70 diet diet NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 71 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 72 rumen rumen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 73 development development NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 74 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 75 growth growth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 76 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 77 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 78 Somministrazione Somministrazione NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1719 79 Di Di NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1720 1 Un Un NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1720 2 Mangime Mangime NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1720 3 Solido Solido NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1721 1 A a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1722 1 Vitelli Vitelli NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1722 2 A A NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1723 1 Carne Carne NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1723 2 Bianca Bianca NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1723 3 Stabulati Stabulati NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1724 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1724 2 Gabbia Gabbia NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1724 3 Individuale Individuale NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1725 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1725 2 Provision Provision NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1725 3 Of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1725 4 Solid Solid NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1725 5 Feeds feed VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1725 6 To to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1725 7 Veal Veal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1725 8 Calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1725 9 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1725 10 I. I. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1725 11 Growth Growth NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1725 12 Performance Performance NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1725 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1725 14 Forestomach Forestomach NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1725 15 Development Development NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1725 16 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1725 17 And and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1725 18 Carcass Carcass NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1725 19 And and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1725 20 Meat Meat NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1725 21 Quality Quality NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1725 22 Experimental experimental JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1725 23 infection infection NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1725 24 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1725 25 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1725 26 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1725 27 adult adult NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1725 28 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1725 29 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1725 30 Escherichia Escherichia NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1725 31 coli coli NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1725 32 O157 O157 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1725 33 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1726 1 H7 H7 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1726 2 Effects effect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1726 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1726 4 handling handle VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1726 5 aids aid NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1726 6 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1726 7 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1726 8 behavior behavior NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1726 9 Iron Iron NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1726 10 deficiency deficiency NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1726 11 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1726 12 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1726 13 immune immune JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1726 14 response response NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1727 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1727 2 pituitary pituitary JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1727 3 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1727 4 adrenal adrenal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1727 5 response response NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1727 6 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1727 7 stress stress VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1727 8 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1727 9 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1727 10 iron iron NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1727 11 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1727 12 deficient deficient JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1727 13 rat rat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1727 14 Indicators indicator NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1727 15 relevant relevant JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1727 16 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1727 17 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1727 18 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1727 19 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1727 20 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1727 21 seminar seminar NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1727 22 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1727 23 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1727 24 C.E.C. C.E.C. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1727 25 programme programme NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1727 26 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1727 27 coordination coordination NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1727 28 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1727 29 research research NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1727 30 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1727 31 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1727 32 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 2 behaviour behaviour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 4 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 5 under under IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 6 four four CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 7 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 9 lighting light VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 10 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 11 effect effect NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 12 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 13 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 14 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 15 conditions condition NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 16 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 17 behavioural behavioural JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 18 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 19 adrenocortical adrenocortical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 20 reactions reaction NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 21 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 22 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 23 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 24 From from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 25 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 26 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 27 's 's POS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 28 point point NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 29 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 30 view view NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 31 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 32 motivation motivation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 33 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 34 fitness fitness NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 35 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 36 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 37 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 38 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 39 Phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 40 characterization characterization NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 41 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 42 ' ' '' cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 43 Candidatus Candidatus NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 44 Helicobacter Helicobacter NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 45 bovis bovi NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 46 ' ' '' cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 47 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 48 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 49 new new JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 50 gastric gastric JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 51 helicobacter helicobacter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 52 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 53 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 54 Rotavirus rotavirus NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 55 infections infection NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 56 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 57 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 58 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 59 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 60 herds herd NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 61 Sucking suck VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 62 motivation motivation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 63 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 64 related related JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 65 problems problem NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 66 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 67 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 68 Dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 69 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 70 discrimination discrimination NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 71 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 72 people people NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 73 based base VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 74 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 75 previous previous JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 76 handling handling NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 77 Iron Iron NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 78 supplementation supplementation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 79 improves improve VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 80 iron iron NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 81 status status NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 82 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 83 reduces reduce VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 84 morbidity morbidity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 85 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 86 children child NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 87 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 88 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 89 without without IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 90 upper upper JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 91 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 92 tract tract NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 93 infections infection NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 94 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 95 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 96 randomized randomized JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 97 controlled control VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 98 study study NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 99 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 100 Colombo Colombo NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 101 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 102 Sri Sri NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 103 Lanka Lanka NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 104 Enhancement Enhancement NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 105 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 106 clinical clinical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 107 signs sign NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 108 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 109 experimentally experimentally RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 110 rotavirus rotavirus JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 111 infected infect VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 112 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 113 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 114 combined combine VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 115 viral viral JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 116 infections infection NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 117 Group Group NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 118 A A NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 119 rotavirus rotavirus NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 120 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 121 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 122 cause cause NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 123 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 124 neonatal neonatal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 125 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 126 enteritis enteritis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 127 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 128 Sweden Sweden NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 129 Incidence Incidence NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 130 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 131 diarrhea diarrhea NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 132 among among IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 133 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 134 after after IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 135 strict strict JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 136 closure closure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 137 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 138 eradication eradication NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 139 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 140 bovine bovine JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 141 viral viral JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 142 diarrhea diarrhea NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 143 virus virus NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 144 infection infection NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 145 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 146 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 147 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 148 herd herd NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 149 Enteric enteric JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 150 infections infection NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 151 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 152 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 153 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 154 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 155 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 156 longitudinal longitudinal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 157 study study NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 158 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 159 four four CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 160 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 161 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 162 units unit NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 163 Behaviour Behaviour NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 164 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 165 Welfare Welfare NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 166 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 167 Veal Veal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 168 Calves Calves NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 169 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 170 Relation Relation NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 171 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 172 Husbandry Husbandry NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 173 Systems Systems NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 174 Comparison Comparison NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 175 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 176 four four CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 177 methods method NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 178 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 179 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 180 confinement confinement NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1728 181 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1729 1 II II NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1729 2 Report Report NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1729 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1729 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1729 5 Scientific Scientific NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1729 6 Committee Committee NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1729 7 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1729 8 Animal Animal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1729 9 Health Health NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1729 10 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1729 11 Animal Animal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1729 12 Welfare Welfare NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1729 13 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1730 1 Health Health NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1730 2 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1730 3 Consumer Consumer NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1730 4 Protection Protection NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1730 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1730 6 Directorate Directorate NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1730 7 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1730 8 General General NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1730 9 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1730 10 Directorate Directorate NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1730 11 C C NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1731 1 -Scientific -Scientific NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1731 2 Opinions Opinions NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1731 3 Iron Iron NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1731 4 status status NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1731 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1731 6 immune immune JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1731 7 capacity capacity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1731 8 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1731 9 resistance resistance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1731 10 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1731 11 infections infection NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1731 12 Planungs Planungs NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1731 13 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1731 14 und und NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1731 15 Berechnungsgrundlagen Berechnungsgrundlagen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1731 16 für für IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1731 17 geschlossene geschlossene NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1731 18 zwangsbelüftete zwangsbelüftete NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1732 1 Ställe Ställe NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1733 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1733 2 Thermal thermal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1733 3 insulation insulation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1733 4 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1733 5 closed closed JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1733 6 livestock livestock NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1733 7 buildings building NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1733 8 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1734 1 Thermal thermal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1734 2 insulation insulation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1734 3 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1734 4 ventilation ventilation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1734 5 forced force VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1734 6 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1735 1 Part part NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1735 2 1 1 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1735 3 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1735 4 Principles principle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1735 5 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1735 6 planning planning NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1735 7 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1735 8 design design NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1735 9 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1735 10 closed closed JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1735 11 ventilated ventilated JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1735 12 livestock livestock NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1735 13 buildings building NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1735 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1735 15 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1736 1 Deutsches Deutsches NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1736 2 Institut Institut NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1736 3 für für IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1736 4 Normung Normung NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1736 5 e e NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1736 6 Assosiations Assosiations NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1736 7 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1736 8 passive passive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1736 9 immunity immunity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1736 10 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1736 11 morbidity morbidity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1736 12 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1736 13 mortality mortality NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1736 14 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1736 15 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1736 16 heifers heifer NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1736 17 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1736 18 Florida Florida NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1736 19 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1736 20 USA USA NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1736 21 Contribution Contribution NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1736 22 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1736 23 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1736 24 study study NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1736 25 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1736 26 gut gut NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1736 27 hypersensitivity hypersensitivity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1736 28 reactions reaction NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1736 29 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1736 30 soybean soybean NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1736 31 proteins protein NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1736 32 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1736 33 preruminant preruminant JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1736 34 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1736 35 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1736 36 early early RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1736 37 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1736 38 weaned wean VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1736 39 piglets piglet NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1736 40 IgG IgG NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1736 41 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1736 42 IgA IgA NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1736 43 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1736 44 IgG1 IgG1 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1736 45 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1736 46 IgG2 igg2 IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1736 47 specific specific JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1736 48 responses response NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1736 49 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1736 50 blood blood NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1736 51 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1736 52 gut gut VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1736 53 secretion secretion NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1736 54 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1736 55 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1736 56 fed feed VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1736 57 soyabean soyabean JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1736 58 products product NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1737 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1737 2 interpretation interpretation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1737 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1737 4 preference preference NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1737 5 tests test NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1737 6 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1737 7 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1737 8 behaviour behaviour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1738 1 Animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1738 2 right right JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1738 3 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1738 4 Animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1738 5 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1738 6 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1739 1 A a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1739 2 scientist scientist NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1739 3 's 's POS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1739 4 assessment assessment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1739 5 Measuring measure VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1739 6 preferences preference NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1739 7 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1739 8 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1739 9 strength strength NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1739 10 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1739 11 preference preference NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1739 12 Animal Animal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1739 13 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1739 14 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1739 15 defined define VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1739 16 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1739 17 terms term NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1739 18 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1739 19 feelings feeling NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1739 20 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1740 1 Acta Acta NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1740 2 Agriculturae Agriculturae NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1740 3 Scandinavica Scandinavica NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1740 4 Section section NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 1 A a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 2 Opinion opinion NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 5 Scientific Scientific NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 6 Panel Panel NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 7 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 8 Biological Biological NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 9 Hazards Hazards NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 10 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 11 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 12 European European NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 13 Food Food NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 14 Safety Safety NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 15 Authority Authority NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 16 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 17 Standards Standards NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 18 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 19 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 20 microclimate microclimate NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 21 inside inside IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 22 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 23 transport transport NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 24 road road NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 25 vehicles vehicle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 26 Opinion Opinion NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 27 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 28 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 29 Scientific Scientific NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 30 Panel Panel NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 31 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 32 Biological Biological NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 33 Hazards Hazards NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 34 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 35 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 36 European European NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 37 Food Food NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 38 Safety Safety NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 39 Authority Authority NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 40 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 41 " " `` cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 42 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 43 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 44 assessment assessment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 45 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 46 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 47 revised revise VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 48 inspection inspection NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 49 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 50 slaughter slaughter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 51 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 52 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 53 areas area NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 54 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 55 low low JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 56 prevalence prevalence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 57 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 58 Cysticercus Cysticercus NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 59 Welfare Welfare NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 60 aspects aspect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 61 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 62 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 63 main main JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 64 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 65 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 66 stunning stunning JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 67 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 68 killing kill VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 69 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 70 main main JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 71 commercial commercial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 72 species specie NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 73 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 74 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 75 Opinion Opinion NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 76 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 77 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 78 Scientific Scientific NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 79 Panel Panel NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 80 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 81 Biological Biological NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 82 Hazards Hazards NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 83 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 84 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 85 European European NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 86 Food Food NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 87 Safety Safety NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 88 Authority Authority NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 89 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 90 " " `` cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 91 Campylobacter Campylobacter NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 92 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 93 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 94 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1741 95 foodstuffs foodstuff NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1742 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1742 2 Community Community NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1742 3 Summary Summary NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1742 4 Report Report NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1742 5 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1742 6 trends trend NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1742 7 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1742 8 sources source NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1742 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1742 10 zoonoses zoonosis NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1742 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1742 12 zoonotic zoonotic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1742 13 agents agent NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1742 14 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1742 15 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1742 16 resistance resistance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1742 17 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1742 18 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1742 19 European European NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1742 20 Union Union NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1742 21 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1742 22 2004 2004 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1743 1 Opinion opinion NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1743 2 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1743 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1743 4 Scientific Scientific NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1743 5 Panel Panel NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1743 6 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1743 7 Biological Biological NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1743 8 Hazards Hazards NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1743 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1743 10 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1743 11 European European NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1743 12 Food Food NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1743 13 Safety Safety NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1743 14 Authority Authority NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1743 15 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1743 16 " " `` cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1743 17 An an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1743 18 assessment assessment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1743 19 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1743 20 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1743 21 public public NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1743 22 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1743 23 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1743 24 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1743 25 risks risk NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1743 26 associated associate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1743 27 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1743 28 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1743 29 adoption adoption NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1743 30 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1743 31 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1743 32 visual visual JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1743 33 inspection inspection NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1743 34 system system NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1743 35 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1743 36 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1743 37 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1743 38 raised raise VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1743 39 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1743 40 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1743 41 Member Member NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1743 42 State State NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1743 43 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1743 44 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1743 45 part part NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1743 46 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1743 47 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1743 48 Member Member NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1743 49 State State NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1743 50 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1743 51 considered consider VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1743 52 free free JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1743 53 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1743 54 tuberculosis tuberculosis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1744 1 An an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1744 2 experimental experimental JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1744 3 study study NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1744 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1744 5 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1744 6 concurrent concurrent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1744 7 primary primary JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1744 8 infection infection NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1744 9 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1744 10 bovine bovine JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1744 11 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1744 12 syncytical syncytical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1744 13 virus virus NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1744 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1744 15 BRSV BRSV NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1744 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1744 17 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1744 18 bovine bovine JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1744 19 viral viral JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1744 20 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1744 21 virus virus NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1744 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1744 23 BVDV BVDV NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1744 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1744 25 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1744 26 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1745 1 A a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1745 2 study study NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1745 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1745 4 bovine bovine JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1745 5 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1745 6 syncytical syncytical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1745 7 virus virus NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1745 8 infections infection NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1745 9 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1745 10 Swedish swedish JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1745 11 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1745 12 Performance performance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1745 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1745 14 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1745 15 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1745 16 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1745 17 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1745 18 housed house VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1745 19 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1745 20 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1745 21 fed feed VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1745 22 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1745 23 automatically automatically RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1745 24 versus versus FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1745 25 manually manually RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1746 1 Virkning Virkning NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1746 2 av av NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1746 3 forskellige forskellige NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1746 4 insaettelsestrategier insaettelsestrategier NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1747 1 på på NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1747 2 tillvaekst tillvaekst NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1747 3 og og NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1747 4 sundhed sundhe VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1747 5 hos hos NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1747 6 gruppeopstaldede gruppeopstaldede NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1747 7 kalve kalve NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1747 8 Increased increase VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1747 9 mortality mortality NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1747 10 among among IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1747 11 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1747 12 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1747 13 Danish danish JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1747 14 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1747 15 herds herd NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1747 16 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1747 17 bovine bovine JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1747 18 virus virus NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1747 19 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1747 20 infection infection NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1747 21 Reducing reduce VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1747 22 pain pain NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1747 23 after after IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1747 24 dehorning dehorn VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1747 25 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1747 26 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1747 27 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1747 28 Veterinary Veterinary NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1747 29 Virology Virology NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 2 Effect effect NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 5 Size Size NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 7 Individual Individual NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 8 Crates Crates NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 9 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 10 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 11 Behavioural Behavioural NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 12 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 13 Immune Immune NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 14 Reactions reaction NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 15 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 16 Dairy Dairy NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 17 Calves Calves NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 18 Ceftriaxone Ceftriaxone NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 19 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 20 resistant resistant JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 21 salmonella salmonella NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 22 infection infection NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 23 acquired acquire VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 24 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 25 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 26 child child NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 27 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 28 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 29 Effect effect NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 30 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 31 castration castration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 32 method method NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 33 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 34 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 35 provision provision NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 36 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 37 local local JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 38 anesthesia anesthesia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 39 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 40 plasma plasma NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 41 cortisol cortisol NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 42 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 43 scrotal scrotal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 44 circumference circumference NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 45 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 46 growth growth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 47 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 48 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 49 feed feed VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 50 intake intake NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 51 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 52 bull bull NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 53 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 54 Farm Farm NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 55 Animal Animal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 56 Behaviour Behaviour NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 57 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 58 Welfare Welfare NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 59 Farm Farm NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 60 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 61 behaviour behaviour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 62 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 63 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 64 Preference preference NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 65 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 66 motivation motivation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 67 testing test VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 68 Pleasures pleasure NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 69 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 70 " " '' cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 71 pains pain NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 72 " " '' cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 73 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 74 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 75 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 76 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 77 Towards towards IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 78 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 79 natural natural JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 80 history history NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 81 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 82 affect affect NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 83 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 84 effects effect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 85 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 86 early early JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 87 separation separation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 88 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 89 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 90 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 91 cow cow NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 92 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 93 calf calf VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 94 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 95 production production NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 96 system system NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 97 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 98 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 99 incidence incidence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 100 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 101 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 102 national national JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 103 random random JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 104 longitudinal longitudinal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 105 study study NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 106 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 107 Swiss swiss JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 108 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 109 herds herd NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 110 Comparison comparison NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 111 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 112 four four CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 113 methods method NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 114 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 115 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 116 confinement confinement NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1748 117 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1749 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1750 1 Interleukin interleukin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1750 2 2 2 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1750 3 production production NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1750 4 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1750 5 iron iron NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1750 6 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1750 7 deficient deficient JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1750 8 children child NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1750 9 Rumional rumional JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1750 10 acidosis acidosis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1750 11 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1750 12 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1750 13 fed feed VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1750 14 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1750 15 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1751 1 Large large JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1751 2 Animal Animal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1751 3 Veterinary Veterinary NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1751 4 Rounds Rounds NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1751 5 4 4 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1751 6 Inzidenz Inzidenz NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1751 7 und und XX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 1 Verlauf Verlauf NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 2 von von NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 3 Neugeborenendurchfall Neugeborenendurchfall NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 4 bei bei NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 5 Kälbern Kälbern NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 6 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 7 einem einem NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 8 Praxisgebiet Praxisgebiet NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 9 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 10 Oberbayern Oberbayern NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 11 Economic Economic NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 12 analysis analysis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 14 feeding feed VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 15 pasteurized pasteurized JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 16 nonsaleable nonsaleable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 17 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 18 versus versus IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 19 conventional conventional JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 20 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 21 replacer replacer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 22 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 23 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 24 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 25 Campylobacter Campylobacter NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 26 jejuni jejuni NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 27 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 28 Campylobacter Campylobacter NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 29 hyointestinalis hyointestinalis NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 30 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 31 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 32 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 33 tract tract NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 34 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 35 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 36 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 37 carcasses carcass NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 38 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 39 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 40 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 41 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 42 A a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 43 new new JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 44 method method NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 45 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 46 measuring measure VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 47 diet diet NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 48 abrasion abrasion NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 49 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 50 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 51 effect effect NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 52 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 53 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 54 development development NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 55 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 56 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 57 forestomach forestomach JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 58 Urinary urinary JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 59 catecholamines catecholamine NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 60 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 61 iron iron NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 62 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 63 deficient deficient JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 64 rats rat NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 65 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 66 rest rest NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 67 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 68 following follow VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 69 surgical surgical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 70 stress stress NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 71 Experimental Experimental NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 72 Salmonella Salmonella NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 73 infection infection NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 74 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 75 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1752 76 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1753 1 1 1 LS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1753 2 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1754 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1754 2 effect effect NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1754 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1754 4 stress stress NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1754 5 factors factor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1754 6 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1754 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1754 8 carrier carrier NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1754 9 state state NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1754 10 Experimental Experimental NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1754 11 Salmonella Salmonella NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1754 12 infection infection NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1754 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1754 14 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1754 15 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1755 1 2 2 LS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1755 2 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1756 1 Virulence virulence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1756 2 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1756 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1756 4 spread spread NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1756 5 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1756 6 infection infection NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1756 7 Concentrations concentration NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1756 8 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1756 9 Emissions emission NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1756 10 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1756 11 Ammonia ammonia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1756 12 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1756 13 Livestock Livestock NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1756 14 buildings building NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1756 15 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1756 16 Northern Northern NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1756 17 Europe Europe NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1756 18 Zur Zur NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1756 19 Äthiologie Äthiologie NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1756 20 und und IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1756 21 Prophylaxe Prophylaxe NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1756 22 der der NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1756 23 perinatalen perinatalen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1756 24 Mortalität Mortalität NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1756 25 beim beim NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1756 26 Kalb Kalb NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1756 27 Collegium Collegium NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1756 28 veterinarium veterinarium NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1756 29 XXIV XXIV NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1756 30 Salmonella Salmonella NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1756 31 bij bij NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1756 32 gezonde gezonde NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1756 33 runderen runderen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1757 1 en en IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1757 2 kalveren kalveren NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1757 3 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1757 4 Nederland Nederland NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1757 5 Immune Immune NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1757 6 Functions Functions NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1757 7 Of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1757 8 Veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1757 9 Calves Calves NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1757 10 Fed Fed NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1757 11 Low Low NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1757 12 Amounts amount NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1757 13 Of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1757 14 Iron iron NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1757 15 Delaying delay VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1757 16 Colostrum Colostrum NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1757 17 Intake Intake NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1758 1 By by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1758 2 One one CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1758 3 Day day NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1759 1 Has have VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1759 2 Important important JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1759 3 Effects effect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1759 4 On on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1759 5 Metabolic metabolic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1759 6 Traits trait NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1760 1 And and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1760 2 On on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1760 3 Gastrointestinal gastrointestinal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1761 1 And and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1761 2 Metabolic metabolic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1761 3 Hormones hormone NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1762 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1762 2 Neonatal Neonatal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1762 3 Calves Calves NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1762 4 Dynamics dynamic NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1762 5 Of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1762 6 Virus virus NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1762 7 Infections infection NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1762 8 Involved involve VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1762 9 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1762 10 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1762 11 Bovine Bovine NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1762 12 Respiratory Respiratory NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1762 13 Disease Disease NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1762 14 Complex Complex NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1762 15 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1762 16 Swedish swedish JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1762 17 Dairy Dairy NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1762 18 Herds Herds NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1762 19 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1763 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1763 2 Vet Vet NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1763 3 Effects effect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1763 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1763 5 Resistance resistance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1763 6 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1763 7 Milk Milk NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1763 8 Flow Flow NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1763 9 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1763 10 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1763 11 Provision Provision NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1763 12 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1763 13 Hay Hay NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1763 14 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1763 15 Non non JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1763 16 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1763 17 Nutritive nutritive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1763 18 Sucking sucking NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1763 19 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1763 20 Dairy Dairy NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1763 21 Calves Calves NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1763 22 Sucking suck VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1763 23 behaviour behaviour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1763 24 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1763 25 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1763 26 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1763 27 fed feed VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1763 28 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1763 29 ad ad NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1763 30 libitum libitum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1763 31 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1763 32 bucket bucket NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1763 33 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1763 34 teat teat VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1763 35 A a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1763 36 longitudinal longitudinal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1763 37 study study NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1763 38 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1763 39 Escherichia Escherichia NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1763 40 coli coli NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1763 41 O157 O157 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1763 42 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1763 43 fourteen fourteen CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1763 44 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1763 45 herds herd NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1764 1 Resting rest VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1764 2 Behaviour Behaviour NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1764 3 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1764 4 Growth Growth NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1764 5 And and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1764 6 Diarrhoea Diarrhoea NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1764 7 Incidence Incidence NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1764 8 Rate rate NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1764 9 Of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1764 10 Young young JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1764 11 Dairy Dairy NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1764 12 Calves Calves NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1764 13 Housed house VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1764 14 Individually individually RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1765 1 Or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1765 2 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1765 3 Groups group NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1766 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1766 2 Warm warm JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1766 3 Or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1766 4 Cold cold JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1766 5 Building building NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1767 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1767 2 Effect Effect NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1767 3 Of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1767 4 Flooring Flooring NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1767 5 Type Type NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1767 6 And and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1767 7 Social Social NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1767 8 Grouping Grouping NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 1 On on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 2 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 3 Rest Rest NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 4 And and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 5 Growth Growth NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 6 Of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 7 Dairy Dairy NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 8 Calves Calves NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 9 Fecal Fecal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 10 shedding shedding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 11 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 12 rumen rumen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 13 growth growth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 14 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 15 Escherichia Escherichia NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 16 coli coli NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 17 O157 O157 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 18 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 19 H7 h7 NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 20 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 21 fasted fast VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 22 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 23 Feeding feed VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 24 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 25 Newborn Newborn NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 26 Dairy Dairy NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 27 Calf Calf NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 28 Calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 29 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 30 heifer heifer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 31 rearing rearing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 32 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 33 principles principle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 34 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 35 rearing rear VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 36 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 37 modern modern JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 38 heifer heifer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 39 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 40 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 41 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 42 calving calve VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 43 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 44 National National NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 45 Dairy Dairy NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 46 Heifer Heifer NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 47 Evaluation Evaluation NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 48 Project Project NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 49 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 50 A a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 51 profile profile NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 52 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 53 heifer heifer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 54 management management NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 55 practices practice NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 56 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 57 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 58 United United NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 59 States States NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 60 Human Human NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 61 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 62 Livestock Livestock NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 63 Interactions Interactions NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 64 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 65 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 66 Stockperson Stockperson NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 67 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 68 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 69 Productivity Productivity NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 70 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 71 Welfare Welfare NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 72 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 73 Intensively Intensively NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1768 74 Farmeed Farmeed NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1769 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1769 2 relationship relationship NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1769 3 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1769 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1769 5 presence presence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1769 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1769 7 Helicobacter Helicobacter NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1769 8 pylori pylori NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1769 9 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1769 10 Clostridium clostridium NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1769 11 perfringens perfringens NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1769 12 type type NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1769 13 A a NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1769 14 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1769 15 Campylobacter Campylobacter NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1769 16 spp spp NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1769 17 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1769 18 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1769 19 fungi fungus NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1769 20 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1769 21 fatal fatal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1769 22 abomasal abomasal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1769 23 ulcers ulcer NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1769 24 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1769 25 unweaned unweaned JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1769 26 beef beef NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1769 27 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1769 28 Effects effect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1769 29 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1769 30 Confinement confinement NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1769 31 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1769 32 Rebound rebound NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1769 33 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1769 34 Locomotor Locomotor NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1769 35 Behaviour Behaviour NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1769 36 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1769 37 Calves Calves NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1769 38 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1769 39 Heifers Heifers NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1769 40 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1769 41 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1769 42 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1769 43 Spatial Spatial NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1769 44 Preferences Preferences NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1769 45 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1769 46 Calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1770 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1770 2 Effects effect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1770 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1770 4 Feeding Feeding NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1770 5 Method Method NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1770 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1770 7 Milk Milk NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1770 8 Allowance Allowance NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1770 9 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1770 10 Social Social NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1770 11 Factors Factors NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1770 12 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1770 13 Milk Milk NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1770 14 Feeding Feeding NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1770 15 Behaviour Behaviour NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1770 16 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1770 17 Cross Cross NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1770 18 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1770 19 Sucking Sucking NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1770 20 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1770 21 Group Group NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1770 22 Housed Housed NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1770 23 Dairy Dairy NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1770 24 Calves Calves NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1770 25 Computer Computer NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1770 26 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1770 27 controlled control VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1770 28 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1770 29 feeding feeding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1770 30 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1770 31 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1770 32 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1770 33 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1770 34 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1770 35 effects effect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1770 36 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1770 37 number number NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1770 38 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1770 39 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1770 40 per per IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1770 41 feeder feeder NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1770 42 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1770 43 number number NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1770 44 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1770 45 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1770 46 portions portion NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1770 47 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1770 48 use use NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1770 49 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1770 50 feeder feeder NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1770 51 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1770 52 social social JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1770 53 behaviour behaviour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1770 54 Who who WP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1770 55 needs need VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1770 56 ' ' `` cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1770 57 behavioural behavioural JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1770 58 needs need NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1770 59 ' ' '' cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1770 60 ? ? . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1771 1 Motivational motivational JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1771 2 aspects aspect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1771 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1771 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1771 5 needs need NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1771 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1771 7 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1771 8 Play play VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1771 9 behaviour behaviour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1771 10 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1771 11 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1771 12 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1771 13 housed house VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1771 14 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1771 15 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1771 16 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1771 17 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1771 18 effect effect NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1771 19 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1771 20 space space NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1771 21 allowance allowance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1772 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1772 2 effect effect NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1772 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1772 4 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1772 5 flow flow NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1772 6 rate rate NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1772 7 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1772 8 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1772 9 allowance allowance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1772 10 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1772 11 feeding feed VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1772 12 related related JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1772 13 behaviour behaviour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1772 14 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1772 15 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1772 16 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1772 17 fed feed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1772 18 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1773 1 computer computer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1773 2 controlled control VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1773 3 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1773 4 feeders feeder NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1773 5 Effect Effect NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1773 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1773 7 single single JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1773 8 versus versus IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1773 9 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1773 10 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1773 11 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1773 12 space space NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1773 13 allowance allowance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1773 14 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1773 15 responses response NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1773 16 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1773 17 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1773 18 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1773 19 open open JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1773 20 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1773 21 field field NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1773 22 tests test NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1773 23 Play play VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1773 24 Behaviuor Behaviuor NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1774 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1774 2 Domestic domestic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1774 3 Calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1775 1 Kept keep VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1775 2 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1775 3 Pens pen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1775 4 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 2 Effect Effect NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 3 Of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 4 Social Social NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 5 Contact Contact NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 6 And and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 7 Space Space NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 8 Allowance Allowance NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 9 Evaluation Evaluation NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 10 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 11 Welfare Welfare NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 12 Indicators Indicators NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 13 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 14 Social Social NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 15 Environment Environment NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 16 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 17 Cattle Cattle NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 18 Effect Effect NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 19 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 20 amount amount NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 21 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 22 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 23 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 24 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 25 flow flow NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 26 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 27 access access NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 28 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 29 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 30 rubber rubber NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 31 teat teat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 32 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 33 cross cross JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 34 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 35 sucking sucking JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 36 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 37 non non JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 38 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 39 nutritive nutritive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 40 sucking sucking NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 41 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 42 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 43 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 44 Epidemiologische Epidemiologische NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 45 Erhebungen Erhebungen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 46 zur zur NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 47 Kälberdiarrhoe Kälberdiarrhoe NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 48 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 49 einem einem NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 50 Praxisgebiet Praxisgebiet NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 51 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 52 Oberbayern Oberbayern NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 53 Effect Effect NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 54 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 55 shipping shipping NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 56 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 57 chromium chromium NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 58 supplementation supplementation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 59 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 60 performance performance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 61 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 62 immune immune JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 63 response response NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 64 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 65 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 66 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 67 resistance resistance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 68 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 69 steers steer NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 70 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 71 development development NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 72 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 73 intersucking intersucke VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 74 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 75 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 76 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 77 around around IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 78 weaning wean VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 79 Factors factor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 80 associated associate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 81 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 82 intersucking intersucke VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 83 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 84 Swiss swiss JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 85 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 86 heifers heifer NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 87 Whole whole JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 88 blood blood NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 89 leukocytes leukocyte NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 90 vs vs IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 91 separated separate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 92 mononuclear mononuclear JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 93 cell cell NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 94 blastogenesis blastogenesis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 95 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 96 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1776 97 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1777 1 Time time NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1777 2 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1777 3 dependent dependent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1777 4 changes change NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1777 5 after after IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1777 6 shipping ship VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1777 7 Recommendations recommendation NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1777 8 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1777 9 recording record VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1777 10 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1777 11 calculating calculate VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1777 12 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1777 13 incidence incidence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1777 14 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1777 15 selected select VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1777 16 clinical clinical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1777 17 diseases disease NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1777 18 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1777 19 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1777 20 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1777 21 Castration Castration NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1777 22 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1777 23 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 1 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 2 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 3 study study NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 5 methods method NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 6 used use VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 7 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 8 farmers farmer NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 9 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 10 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 11 United United NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 12 Kingdom Kingdom NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 13 Onderzoek Onderzoek NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 14 naar naar NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 15 de de NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 16 uit uit NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 17 ethologisch ethologisch NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 18 oogpunt oogpunt NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 19 minimaal minimaal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 20 gewenstle gewenstle NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 21 boxmaten boxmaten NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 22 voor voor NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 23 vleeskalveren vleeskalveren NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 24 met meet VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 25 een een NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 26 gewicht gewicht NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 27 van van NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 28 175 175 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 29 tot tot NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 30 300 300 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 31 kg kg NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 32 Spatial spatial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 33 requirements requirement NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 34 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 35 individually individually RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 36 housed house VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 37 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 38 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 39 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 40 175 175 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 41 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 42 300 300 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 43 kg kg NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 44 Nutritional nutritional JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 45 effects effect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 46 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 47 response response NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 48 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 49 children child NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 50 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 51 developing develop VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 52 countries country NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 53 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 54 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 55 tract tract NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 56 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 57 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 58 implications implication NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 59 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 60 vaccine vaccine NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 61 development development NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 62 Problems problem NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 63 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 64 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 65 etiological etiological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 66 importance importance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 67 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 68 Pasteurella Pasteurella NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 69 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 70 Mycoplasma Mycoplasma NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 71 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 72 parainfluenza-3-virus parainfluenza-3-virus NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 73 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 74 enzootic enzootic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 75 pneumonia pneumonia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 76 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1778 77 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1779 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1779 2 behaviour behaviour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1779 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1779 4 beef beef NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1779 5 suckler suckler NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1779 6 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1779 7 Enzootic enzootic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1779 8 pneumonia pneumonia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1779 9 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1779 10 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1779 11 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1779 12 clinical clinical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1779 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1779 14 morphological morphological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1779 15 features feature VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1779 16 Theoretical theoretical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1779 17 comparison comparison NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1779 18 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1779 19 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1779 20 consumer consumer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1779 21 surplus surplus NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1779 22 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1779 23 elasticities elasticity NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1779 24 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1779 25 demand demand NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1779 26 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1779 27 measures measure NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1779 28 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1779 29 motivational motivational JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1779 30 strength strength NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1779 31 Effects effect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1779 32 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1779 33 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1779 34 less less JJR cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1779 35 than than IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1779 36 one one CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1779 37 month month NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1779 38 old old JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1779 39 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1779 40 feeding feeding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1779 41 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1779 42 not not RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1779 43 feeding feed VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1779 44 tham tham NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1779 45 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1779 46 road road NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1779 47 transport transport NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1779 48 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1779 49 up up IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1779 50 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1779 51 24 24 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1779 52 hours hour NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1780 1 Untersuchungen Untersuchungen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1780 2 zur zur NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1781 1 Pathogenese Pathogenese NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1781 2 der der VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1781 3 Pylorusulzera Pylorusulzera NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1781 4 beim beim NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1781 5 Mestkalb Mestkalb NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1781 6 Bovine bovine JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1781 7 cryptosporidiosis cryptosporidiosis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1781 8 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1781 9 Denmark Denmark NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1781 10 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1782 1 II II NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1782 2 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1783 1 Cryptosporidia Cryptosporidia NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1783 2 associated associate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1783 3 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1783 4 neonatal neonatal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1783 5 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1783 6 diarrhoea diarrhoea NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1784 1 An an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1784 2 evaluation evaluation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1784 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1784 4 two two CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1784 5 management management NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1784 6 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1784 7 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1784 8 rearing rear VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1784 9 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1784 10 fed feed VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1784 11 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1784 12 replacer replacer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1784 13 Prevalence prevalence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1784 14 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1784 15 Escherichia Escherichia NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1784 16 coli coli NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1784 17 O157 O157 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1784 18 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1785 1 H7 H7 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1785 2 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1785 3 range range NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1785 4 beef beef NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1785 5 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1785 6 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1785 7 weaning wean VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1785 8 Cattle Cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1785 9 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1785 10 reindeer reindeer VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1785 11 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1785 12 possible possible JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1785 13 sources source NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1785 14 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1785 15 Escherichia Escherichia NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1785 16 coli coli NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1785 17 O157 O157 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1785 18 infection infection NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1785 19 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1785 20 humans human NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1785 21 Aktuelle Aktuelle NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1785 22 Probleme Probleme NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1785 23 der der NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1785 24 tierärztlichen tierärztlichen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1785 25 Betreuung Betreuung NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1785 26 von von NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1785 27 Mutterkuhherden Mutterkuhherden NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1785 28 Mother Mother NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1785 29 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1785 30 young young JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1785 31 behaviour behaviour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1785 32 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1785 33 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1785 34 Prevention Prevention NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1785 35 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1785 36 microbial microbial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1785 37 contamination contamination NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1785 38 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1785 39 red red JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1785 40 meat meat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1785 41 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1785 42 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1785 43 ante ante FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1785 44 mortem mortem NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1785 45 phase phase NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1785 46 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1785 47 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1785 48 aspects aspect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1786 1 Small small JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1786 2 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1786 3 motility motility NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1786 4 disorders disorder NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1786 5 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1786 6 preruminant preruminant JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1786 7 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1786 8 chronically chronically RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1786 9 fed feed VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1786 10 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1786 11 diet diet NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1786 12 based base VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1786 13 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1786 14 antigenic antigenic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1786 15 soya soya NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1786 16 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1787 1 characterization characterization NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1787 2 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1787 3 possible possible JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1787 4 mediators mediator NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1787 5 Influence influence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1787 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1787 7 soya soya NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1787 8 antigen antigen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1787 9 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1787 10 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1787 11 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1787 12 replacers replacer NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1787 13 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1787 14 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1787 15 disruption disruption NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1787 16 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1787 17 intestinal intestinal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1787 18 motility motility NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1787 19 patterns pattern NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1787 20 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1787 21 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1787 22 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1787 23 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1787 24 soya soya NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1787 25 Systemic systemic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1787 26 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1787 27 local local JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1787 28 gutspecific gutspecific NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1787 29 antibody antibody NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1787 30 responses response NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1787 31 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1787 32 preruminant preruminant JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1787 33 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1787 34 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1787 35 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1787 36 soya soya NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1787 37 Feeding feed VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1787 38 heated heat VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1787 39 soyabean soyabean JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1787 40 flour flour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1787 41 increases increase VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1787 42 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1787 43 density density NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1787 44 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1787 45 B b NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1787 46 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1787 47 T T NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1787 48 Lymphocytes lymphocyte NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1787 49 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1787 50 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1787 51 small small JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1787 52 intestine intestine NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1787 53 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1787 54 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1788 1 Hydrolysed hydrolysed JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1788 2 soy soy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1788 3 protein protein NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1788 4 isolate isolate VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1788 5 sustains sustain VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1788 6 high high JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1788 7 nutritional nutritional JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1788 8 performance performance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1788 9 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1788 10 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1788 11 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1788 12 Antigenicity Antigenicity NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1788 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1788 14 digestive digestive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1788 15 utilization utilization NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1788 16 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1788 17 four four CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1788 18 soya soya NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1788 19 products product NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1788 20 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1788 21 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1788 22 preruminant preruminant JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1788 23 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1788 24 Antibiotic antibiotic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1788 25 resistance resistance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1788 26 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1788 27 gut gut NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1788 28 bacteria bacteria NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1788 29 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1788 30 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1788 31 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1788 32 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1789 1 A a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1789 2 dose dose JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1789 3 response response NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1789 4 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1789 5 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1789 6 level level NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1789 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1789 8 antibiotics antibiotic NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1789 9 fed feed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1789 10 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1789 11 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1789 12 Iron Iron NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1789 13 deficiency deficiency NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1789 14 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1789 15 immune immune JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1789 16 responses response NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1790 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1790 2 relationship relationship NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1790 3 between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1790 4 farmers farmer NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1790 5 ' ' POS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1790 6 attitude attitude NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1790 7 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1790 8 behaviour behaviour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1790 9 towards towards IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1790 10 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1790 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1790 12 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1790 13 productivity productivity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1790 14 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1790 15 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1790 16 units unit NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1790 17 Reducing reduce VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1790 18 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1790 19 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1790 20 ' ' POS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1790 21 reactivity reactivity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1790 22 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1790 23 people people NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1790 24 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1790 25 providing provide VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1790 26 additional additional JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1790 27 human human JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1790 28 contact contact NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1790 29 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1790 30 influence influence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1790 31 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1790 32 farmers farmer NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1790 33 ' ' POS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1790 34 behavior behavior NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1790 35 towards towards IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1790 36 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1790 37 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1790 38 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1790 39 ' ' POS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1790 40 responses response NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1790 41 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1790 42 transport transport VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1790 43 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1790 44 quality quality NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1790 45 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1790 46 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1790 47 meat meat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1791 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1791 2 Farmers Farmers NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1791 3 ' ' POS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1791 4 Influence influence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1791 5 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1791 6 Calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1791 7 ' ' POS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1791 8 Behaviour Behaviour NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1791 9 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1791 10 Health Health NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1791 11 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1791 12 Production Production NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1791 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1791 14 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1791 15 Veal Veal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1791 16 Unit Unit NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 2 impact impact NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 4 gentle gentle JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 5 contacts contact NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 6 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 7 ease ease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 9 handling handling NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 11 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 13 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 14 growth growth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 15 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 16 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 17 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 18 quality quality NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 19 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 20 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 21 meat meat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 22 Reactions reaction NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 23 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 24 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 25 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 26 handling handle VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 27 depend depend VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 28 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 29 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 30 condition condition NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 31 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 32 previous previous JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 33 experience experience NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 34 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 35 humans human NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 36 Effects effect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 37 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 38 supplemental supplemental JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 39 yeast yeast NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 40 culture culture NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 41 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 42 rumen rumen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 43 development development NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 44 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 45 growth growth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 46 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 47 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 48 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 49 blood blood NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 50 parameters parameter NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 51 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 52 neonatal neonatal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 53 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 54 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 55 Effects effect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 56 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 57 corn corn NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 58 processing processing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 59 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 60 growth growth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 61 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 62 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 63 rumen rumen VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 64 development development NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 65 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 66 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 67 rumen rumen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 68 parameters parameter NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 69 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 70 neonatal neonatal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 71 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 72 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 73 Anemia anemia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 74 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 75 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 76 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 77 factor factor NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 78 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 79 infectious infectious JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 80 diseases disease NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 81 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 82 infants infant NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 83 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 84 toddlers toddler NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 85 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 86 results result NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 87 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 88 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 89 prospective prospective JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 90 study study NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 91 Colostrum Colostrum NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 92 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 93 Swedish swedish JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 94 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 95 cows cow NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 96 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 97 quality quality NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 98 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 99 effects effect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 100 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 101 passive passive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 102 immunity immunity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 103 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 104 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 105 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 106 Cross Cross NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 107 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 108 sucking suck VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 109 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 110 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 111 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 112 housed house VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 113 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 114 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 115 before before RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 116 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 117 after after IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 118 weaning wean VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 119 off off RP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 120 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 121 Intersucking Intersucking NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 122 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 123 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 124 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 125 -- -- : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 126 review review NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 127 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 128 questionnaire questionnaire NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 129 Cryptosporidium Cryptosporidium NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 130 andersoni andersoni RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 131 n. n. NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 132 sp sp NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1792 133 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1793 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1793 2 Apicomplexa Apicomplexa NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1793 3 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1793 4 Cryptosporidiidae Cryptosporidiidae NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1793 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1793 6 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1793 7 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1793 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1793 9 Bos Bos NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1793 10 taurus taurus NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1793 11 Occurrence Occurrence NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1793 12 Of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1793 13 Iron Iron NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1793 14 Deficiency deficiency NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1794 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1794 2 Growing grow VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1794 3 Cattle Cattle NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1794 4 Growth Growth NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1794 5 Performance Performance NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1794 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1794 7 Haematological Haematological NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1794 8 Traits trait NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1794 9 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1794 10 Meat meat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1794 11 Variables variable NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1794 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1794 13 And and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1794 14 Effects effect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1794 15 Of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1794 16 Treadmill Treadmill NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1794 17 And and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1794 18 Transport Transport NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1794 19 Stress stress NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1795 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1795 2 Veal Veal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1795 3 Calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1795 4 Supplied supply VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1795 5 Different Different NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1795 6 Anounts Anounts NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1795 7 Of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1795 8 Iron Iron NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1795 9 Prevention Prevention NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1795 10 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1795 11 microbial microbial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1795 12 contamination contamination NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1795 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1795 14 red red JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1795 15 meat meat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1795 16 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1795 17 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1795 18 ante ante FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1795 19 mortem mortem NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1795 20 phase phase NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1795 21 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1795 22 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1795 23 aspects aspect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1796 1 Management management NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1796 2 practices practice NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1796 3 associates associate NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1796 4 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1796 5 high high JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1796 6 mortality mortality NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1796 7 among among IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1796 8 preweaned preweane VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1796 9 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1796 10 heifers heifer NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1797 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1797 2 gastric gastric JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1797 3 mucosal mucosal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1797 4 barrier barrier NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1797 5 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1797 6 abomasal abomasal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1797 7 ulcers ulcer NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1797 8 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1797 9 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1797 10 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1797 11 Housing Housing NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1797 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1797 13 Management Management NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1797 14 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1797 15 Health Health NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1797 16 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1797 17 Swedish Swedish NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1797 18 Dairy Dairy NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1797 19 Calves Calves NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1797 20 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1798 1 Doctoral doctoral JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1798 2 thesis thesis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1798 3 Herd herd NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1798 4 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1798 5 level level NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1798 6 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1798 7 factors factor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1798 8 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1798 9 infectious infectious JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1798 10 diseases disease NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1798 11 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1798 12 Swedish swedish JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1798 13 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1798 14 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1798 15 aged age VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1798 16 0 0 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1798 17 - - SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1798 18 90 90 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1798 19 days day NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1798 20 Automated automate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1798 21 feeding feeding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1798 22 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1798 23 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1798 24 replacer replacer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1798 25 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1798 26 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1798 27 control control NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1798 28 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1798 29 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1798 30 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1798 31 hiused hiuse VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1798 32 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1798 33 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 1 Automated automated JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 2 feeding feeding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 4 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 5 replacer replacer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 6 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 7 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 8 control control NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 10 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 11 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 12 housed house VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 13 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 14 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 15 Effect Effect NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 16 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 17 transportation transportation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 18 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 19 weaning wean VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 20 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 21 humoral humoral JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 22 immune immune JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 23 responses response NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 24 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 25 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 26 Responses response NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 27 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 28 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 29 cows cow NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 30 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 31 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 32 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 33 each each DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 34 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 35 's 's POS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 36 vocalisations vocalisation NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 37 after after IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 38 early early JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 39 separation separation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 40 Cross Cross NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 41 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 42 Sucking Sucking NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 43 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 44 Other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 45 Oral oral JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 46 Behaviours Behaviours NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 47 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 48 Calves Calves NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 49 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 50 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 51 Their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 52 Relation relation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 53 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 54 Cow Cow NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 55 Suckling Suckling NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 56 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 57 Food Food NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 58 Provision Provision NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 59 Isolation Isolation NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 60 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 61 Escherichia Escherichia NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 62 coli coli NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 63 O157 O157 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 64 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 65 H7 h7 NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 66 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 67 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 68 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 69 associated associate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 70 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 71 two two CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 72 cases case NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 73 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 74 haemolytic haemolytic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 75 uraemic uraemic NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1799 76 syndrome syndrome NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1800 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1800 2 provision provision NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1800 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1800 4 solid solid JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1800 5 feeds feed NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1800 6 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1800 7 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1800 8 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1800 9 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1800 10 II II NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1800 11 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1801 1 Behavior Behavior NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1801 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1801 3 Physiology Physiology NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1801 4 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1801 5 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1801 6 abomasal abomasal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1801 7 damage damage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1801 8 Enteric enteric JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1801 9 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1801 10 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1801 11 intensively intensively RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1801 12 reared rear VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1801 13 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1801 14 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1802 1 A a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1802 2 fifteen fifteen CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1802 3 month month NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1802 4 study study NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1802 5 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1802 6 Escherichia Escherichia NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1802 7 coli coli NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1802 8 O157 O157 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1802 9 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1803 1 H7 H7 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1803 2 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1803 3 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1803 4 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1803 5 herd herd NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1804 1 A a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1804 2 comparison comparison NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1804 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1804 4 catecholamine catecholamine NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1804 5 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1804 6 cortisol cortisol NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1804 7 responses response NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1804 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1804 9 young young JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1804 10 lambs lamb NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1804 11 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1804 12 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1804 13 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1804 14 painful painful JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1804 15 husbandry husbandry NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1804 16 procedures procedure NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1804 17 Acute acute JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1804 18 pain pain NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1804 19 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1804 20 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1804 21 emergency emergency NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1804 22 clinic clinic NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1804 23 Regulation regulation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1804 24 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1804 25 sucking suck VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1804 26 behaviour behaviour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1804 27 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1804 28 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1804 29 Laboratory Laboratory NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1804 30 findings finding NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1804 31 associated associate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1804 32 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1804 33 abomasal abomasal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1804 34 ulcers ulcers NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1804 35 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1804 36 tympany tympany NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1804 37 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1804 38 range range NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1804 39 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1804 40 Biological biological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1804 41 response response NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1804 42 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1804 43 stress stress NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1804 44 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1805 1 key key JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1805 2 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1805 3 assessment assessment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1805 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1805 5 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1805 6 well well RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1805 7 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1805 8 being being NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1805 9 ? ? . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1806 1 Association Association NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1806 2 Between between IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1806 3 Resting Resting NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1806 4 Behaviour Behaviour NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1806 5 And and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1807 1 Live live JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1807 2 Weight Weight NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1807 3 Gain gain NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1808 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1808 2 Dairy Dairy NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1808 3 Heifers Heifers NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1809 1 Housed house VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1809 2 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1809 3 Pens pen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1810 1 With with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1810 2 Different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1810 3 Space Space NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1810 4 Allowance Allowance NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1810 5 And and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1810 6 Floor Floor NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1810 7 Type Type NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1810 8 Long long JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1810 9 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1810 10 term term NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1810 11 effect effect NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1810 12 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1810 13 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1810 14 method method NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1810 15 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1810 16 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1810 17 first first JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1810 18 three three CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1810 19 months month NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1810 20 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1810 21 life life NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1810 22 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1810 23 human human JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1810 24 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1810 25 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1810 26 relationship relationship NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1810 27 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1810 28 female female JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1810 29 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1810 30 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1810 31 Risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1810 32 factors factor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1810 33 associated associate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1810 34 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1810 35 Cryptosporidium cryptosporidium NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1810 36 parvum parvum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1810 37 infection infection NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1810 38 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1810 39 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1810 40 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1810 41 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1810 42 southeastern southeastern JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1810 43 New New NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1810 44 York York NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1810 45 State State NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 2 response response NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 4 normal normal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 5 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 6 iron iron VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 7 anemic anemic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 8 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 9 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 10 nasal nasal VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 11 infection infection NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 12 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 13 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 14 attenuated attenuated JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 15 strain strain NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 16 parainfluenza-3 parainfluenza-3 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 17 virus virus NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 18 Assessment Assessment NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 19 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 20 acute acute JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 21 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 22 chronic chronic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 23 pain pain NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 24 after after IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 25 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 26 methods method NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 27 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 28 castration castration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 29 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 30 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 31 Intestinal intestinal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 32 digestion digestion NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 33 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 34 dietary dietary JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 35 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 36 endogenous endogenous JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 37 proteins protein NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 38 along along IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 39 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 40 small small JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 41 intestine intestine NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 42 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 43 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 44 fed feed VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 45 soybean soybean NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 46 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 47 potato potato NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 48 Influence influence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 49 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 50 dietary dietary JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 51 protein protein NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 52 level level NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 53 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 54 source source NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 55 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 56 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 57 course course NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 58 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 59 protein protein NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 60 digestion digestion NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 61 along along IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 62 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 63 small small JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 64 intestine intestine NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 65 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 66 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 67 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 68 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 69 Effect effect NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 70 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 71 diet diet NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 72 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 73 mucin mucin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 74 kinetics kinetic NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 75 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 76 composition composition NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 77 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 78 nutrition nutrition NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 79 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 80 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 81 implications implication NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 82 Calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 83 rearing rear VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 84 A a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 85 practical practical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 86 Guide Guide NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 87 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 88 Natural Natural NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 89 Resource Resource NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 90 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 91 Environment Environment NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 92 Influence influence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 93 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 94 dry dry JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 95 feed feed NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 96 supplements supplement NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 97 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 98 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 99 parameters parameter NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 100 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 101 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 102 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 103 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1811 104 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1812 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1812 2 effect effect NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1812 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1812 4 four four CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1812 5 fibrous fibrous JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1812 6 feed feed NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1812 7 supplementations supplementation NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1812 8 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1812 9 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1812 10 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1812 11 traits trait NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1812 12 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1812 13 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1812 14 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1812 15 Behavioural behavioural JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1812 16 investigation investigation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1812 17 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1812 18 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1812 19 rearing rearing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1812 20 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1813 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1813 2 automatic automatic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1813 3 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1813 4 replacer replacer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1813 5 feeding feed VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1813 6 system system NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1813 7 Effect effect NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1813 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1813 9 transportation transportation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1813 10 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1813 11 blood blood NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1813 12 serum serum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1813 13 composition composition NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1813 14 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1813 15 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1813 16 incidence incidence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1813 17 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1813 18 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1813 19 production production NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1813 20 traits trait NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1813 21 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1813 22 young young JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1813 23 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1813 24 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 1 Influence influence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 2 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 3 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 4 journey journey NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 5 duration duration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 6 Critical Critical NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 7 Anthropomorphism Anthropomorphism NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 9 Animal Animal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 10 Suffering Suffering NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 11 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 12 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 13 ecological ecological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 14 context context NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 15 Bacterial bacterial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 16 pneumonia pneumonia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 17 Dust dust NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 18 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 19 microbiol microbiol NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 20 emissions emission NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 21 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 22 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 23 production production NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 24 Influence influence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 25 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 26 truck truck NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 27 transportation transportation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 28 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 29 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 30 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 31 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 32 cellular cellular JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 33 immune immune JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 34 function function NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 35 Prevalence prevalence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 36 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 37 enteric enteric JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 38 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 39 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 40 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 41 feces fece NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 42 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 43 healthy healthy JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 44 beef beef NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 45 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 46 Salmonella Salmonella NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 47 infection infection NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 48 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 49 contamination contamination NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 50 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 51 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 52 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 53 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 54 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 55 slaughterhouse slaughterhouse NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 56 survey survey NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 57 Comparison comparison NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 58 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 59 two two CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 60 castration castration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 61 methods method NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 62 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 63 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 64 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 65 plasma plasma NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 66 cortisol cortisol NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 67 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 68 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 69 leukocyte leukocyte NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 70 count count NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 71 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 72 behavioral behavioral JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1814 73 changes change NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1815 1 Calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1815 2 diseases disease NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1815 3 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1815 4 mortality mortality NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1815 5 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1815 6 Swedish swedish JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1815 7 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1815 8 herds herd NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1816 1 Abomasal Abomasal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1816 2 ulcers ulcer NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1816 3 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1816 4 captive captive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1816 5 white white JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1816 6 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1816 7 tailed tailed JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1816 8 deer deer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1816 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1816 10 Odocoileus Odocoileus NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1816 11 virginianus virginianus NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1816 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1817 1 Growth growth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1817 2 Performance Performance NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1817 3 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1817 4 Health Health NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1817 5 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1817 6 Dairy Dairy NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1817 7 Calves Calves NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1817 8 Bedded bed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1817 9 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1817 10 Different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1817 11 Types type NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1817 12 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1817 13 Materials material NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1817 14 Factors factor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1817 15 involved involve VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1817 16 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1817 17 recent recent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1817 18 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1817 19 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1817 20 Escherichia Escherichia NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1817 21 coli coli NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1817 22 O157 O157 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1817 23 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1818 1 H7 H7 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1818 2 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1818 3 Scotland Scotland NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1818 4 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1818 5 recommendations recommendation NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1818 6 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1818 7 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1818 8 control control NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1818 9 Protection Protection NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1818 10 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1818 11 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1818 12 against against IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1818 13 cryptosporidiosis cryptosporidiosis NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1818 14 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1818 15 immune immune JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1818 16 bovine bovine JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1818 17 colostrum colostrum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1818 18 induced induce VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1818 19 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1818 20 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1818 21 Cryptosporidium Cryptosporidium NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1818 22 parvum parvum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1818 23 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1818 24 protein protein NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1818 25 Treadmill Treadmill NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1818 26 exercise exercise NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1818 27 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1818 28 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1818 29 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1818 30 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1818 31 iron iron NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1818 32 supply supply NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1818 33 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1818 34 husbandry husbandry NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1818 35 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1818 36 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1818 37 work work NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1818 38 load load NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1819 1 Beurteilung Beurteilung NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1819 2 verschiedener verschiedener NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1819 3 Tränketechniken Tränketechniken NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1819 4 und und IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1819 5 Betreuungsmassnahmen Betreuungsmassnahmen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1819 6 hinsichtlich hinsichtlich VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1819 7 ihrer ihrer JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1819 8 Auswirkungen Auswirkungen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1819 9 auf auf NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1819 10 die die NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1819 11 oralen oralen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1819 12 Aktivitäten Aktivitäten NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1819 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1819 14 den den NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1819 15 Gesundheitszustand Gesundheitszustand NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1820 1 und und NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1820 2 die die VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1821 1 Mastleitung Mastleitung NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1821 2 über über NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1821 3 zwei zwei NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1821 4 bis bis NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1821 5 acht acht NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1821 6 Wochen Wochen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1821 7 alter alter VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1821 8 Mastkälber Mastkälber NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1821 9 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1821 10 Gruppenhaltung Gruppenhaltung NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1821 11 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1822 1 Dissertation dissertation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1822 2 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1823 1 Institut Institut NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1823 2 für für IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1823 3 Tierhygiene Tierhygiene NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1823 4 und und NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1824 1 Tierschutz Tierschutz NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1824 2 der der NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1824 3 Tierärztlichen Tierärztlichen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1824 4 Hochschule Hochschule NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1824 5 Hannover Hannover NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1824 6 Group Group NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1824 7 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1824 8 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1824 9 two two CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1824 10 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1824 11 eight eight CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1824 12 week week NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1824 13 old old JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1824 14 fattening fatten VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1824 15 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1824 16 Veterinary Veterinary NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1824 17 And and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1824 18 Zootechnical Zootechnical NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1824 19 Aspects aspect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1825 1 Of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1825 2 Veal Veal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1825 3 Production Production NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1825 4 Veterinary Veterinary NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1825 5 Medicine Medicine NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1825 6 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1826 1 A a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1826 2 textbook textbook NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1826 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1826 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1826 5 diseases disease NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1826 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1826 7 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1826 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1826 9 sheep sheep NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1826 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1826 11 pigs pig NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1826 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1826 13 goats goat NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1826 14 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1826 15 horses horse NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1826 16 Serum serum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1826 17 immunoglobulin immunoglobulin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1826 18 concentrations concentration NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1826 19 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1826 20 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1826 21 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1826 22 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1826 23 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1826 24 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1826 25 two two CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1826 26 management management NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1826 27 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1826 28 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1826 29 birth birth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1826 30 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1826 31 12 12 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1826 32 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1826 33 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1826 34 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1826 35 Influence influence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1826 36 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1826 37 feeding feed VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1826 38 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1826 39 amounts amount NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1826 40 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1826 41 first first JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1826 42 colostrum colostrum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1826 43 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1826 44 metabolic metabolic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1826 45 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1826 46 endocrine endocrine JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1826 47 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1826 48 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1826 49 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1826 50 status status NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1826 51 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1826 52 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1826 53 growth growth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1826 54 performance performance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1826 55 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1826 56 neonatal neonatal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1826 57 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1827 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1827 2 impact impact NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1827 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1827 4 social social JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1827 5 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1827 6 human human JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1827 7 contacts contact NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1827 8 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1827 9 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1827 10 ' ' POS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1827 11 behaviour behaviour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1827 12 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1827 13 stress stress NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1827 14 responses response NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1827 15 Stereotypies Stereotypies NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1827 16 om om NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1827 17 heifers heifer NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1827 18 are be VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1827 19 affected affect VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1827 20 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1827 21 feeding feed VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1827 22 regime regime NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1827 23 Feeding feed VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1827 24 level level NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1827 25 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1827 26 oral oral JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1827 27 stereotypies stereotypie NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1827 28 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1827 29 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1827 30 cows cow NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1827 31 Blood Blood NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1827 32 Studies Studies NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1827 33 And and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1827 34 Performance performance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1828 1 Among among IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1828 2 Calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1828 3 Reared rear VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1828 4 By by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1828 5 Different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1828 6 Methods method NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1828 7 Consequences consequence NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1828 8 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1828 9 short short JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1828 10 term term NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1828 11 fluctuations fluctuation NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1828 12 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1828 13 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1828 14 environmental environmental JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1828 15 temperatures temperature NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1828 16 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1828 17 calves-- calves-- NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1829 1 Part part NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1829 2 2 2 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 1 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 2 Effects effect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 3 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 5 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 6 status status NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 8 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 9 within within IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 10 three three CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 11 weeks week NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 12 after after IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 13 exposure exposure NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 14 Microbiology microbiology NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 15 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 16 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 17 diarrhea diarrhea NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 18 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 19 southern southern JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 20 Britain Britain NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 21 Studies Studies NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 22 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 23 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 24 presence presence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 25 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 26 verocytotoxic verocytotoxic NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 27 Escherichia Escherichia NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 28 coli coli NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 29 O157 O157 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 30 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 31 bovine bovine JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 32 faeces faece NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 33 submitted submit VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 34 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 35 diagnostic diagnostic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 36 purposes purpose NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 37 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 38 England England NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 39 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 40 Wales Wales NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 41 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 42 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 43 beef beef NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 44 carcases carcase NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 45 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 46 abattoirs abattoir NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 47 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 48 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 49 United United NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 50 Kingdom Kingdom NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 51 Effect Effect NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 52 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 53 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 54 methods method NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 55 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 56 castration castration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 57 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 58 behaviour behaviour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 59 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 60 plasma plasma NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 61 cortisol cortisol NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 62 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 63 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 64 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 65 three three CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 66 ages age NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 67 Iron Iron NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 68 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 69 thermoregulation thermoregulation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 70 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 71 metabolic metabolic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1830 72 rate rate NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 2 validity validity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 4 behavioural behavioural JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 5 measures measure NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 7 aversion aversion NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 8 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 9 A a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 10 review review NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 11 Fear fear NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 12 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 13 people people NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 14 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 15 cows cow NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 16 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 17 effects effect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 18 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 19 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 20 yield yield NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 21 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 22 behavior behavior NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 23 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 24 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 25 heart heart NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 26 rate rate NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 27 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 28 milking milk VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 29 Recognition Recognition NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 30 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 31 People People NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 32 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 33 Dairy Dairy NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 34 Calves Calves NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 35 Using use VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 36 Colour Colour NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 37 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 38 Clothing clothe VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 39 Endotoxins endotoxin NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 40 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 41 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 42 environment environment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 43 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 44 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 45 criteria criterion NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 46 document document NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 47 Reduced reduce VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 48 cortisol cortisol NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 49 secretions secretion NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 50 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 51 patients patient NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 52 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 53 iron iron NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 54 deficiency deficiency NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 55 Viral viral JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 56 diarrhea diarrhea NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 57 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 58 man man NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 59 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 60 animals animal VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 61 Mouth Mouth NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 62 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 63 based base VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 64 anomalous anomalous JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1831 65 syndromes syndrome NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1832 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1832 2 influence influence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1832 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1832 4 management management NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1832 5 routines routine NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1832 6 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1832 7 endocrine endocrine JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1832 8 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1832 9 involved involve VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1832 10 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1832 11 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1832 12 control control NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1832 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1832 14 lactation lactation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1832 15 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1832 16 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1832 17 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1832 18 Immune immune VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1832 19 response response NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1832 20 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1832 21 anemic anemic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1832 22 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1833 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1833 2 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1833 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1833 4 Cattle Cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1833 5 kept keep VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1833 6 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1833 7 beef beef NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1833 8 production production NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1833 9 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1834 1 Directorate Directorate NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1834 2 General General NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1834 3 Health Health NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1834 4 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1834 5 Consumer Consumer NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1834 6 Protection Protection NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1834 7 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1834 8 Directorate Directorate NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1834 9 C C NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1834 10 -Scientific -Scientific NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1834 11 Health Health NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1834 12 Opinions Opinions NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1834 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1834 14 Unit Unit NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1834 15 C2-Management c2-management NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1834 16 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1834 17 scientific scientific JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1834 18 committees committee NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1834 19 Staphylococci Staphylococci NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1834 20 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1834 21 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1834 22 indicator indicator NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1834 23 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1834 24 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1834 25 emissions emission NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1834 26 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1834 27 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1834 28 broiler broiler NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1834 29 house house NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1835 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1835 2 use use NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1835 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1835 4 trainer trainer NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1835 5 cows cow NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1835 6 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1835 7 reduce reduce VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1835 8 stress stress NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1835 9 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1835 10 newly newly RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1835 11 arrived arrive VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1835 12 feedlot feedlot NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1835 13 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1835 14 SCVPH SCVPH NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1835 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1835 16 Scientific Scientific NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1835 17 Committee Committee NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1835 18 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1835 19 Veterinary Veterinary NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1835 20 Measures Measures NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1835 21 relating relate VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1835 22 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1835 23 Public Public NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1835 24 Health Health NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1835 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1835 26 SCVPH SCVPH NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1836 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1836 2 Scientific Scientific NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1836 3 Committee Committee NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1836 4 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1836 5 Veterinary Veterinary NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1836 6 Measures Measures NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1836 7 relating relate VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1836 8 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1836 9 Public Public NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1836 10 Health Health NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1836 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1837 1 SCVPH SCVPH NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1838 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1838 2 Scientific Scientific NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1838 3 Committee Committee NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1838 4 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1838 5 Veterinary Veterinary NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1838 6 Measures Measures NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1838 7 relating relate VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1838 8 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1838 9 Public Public NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1838 10 Health Health NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1838 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1839 1 Bioaerosole Bioaerosole NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1840 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1840 2 Und Und NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1840 3 Aus Aus NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1840 4 Der Der NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1840 5 Landwirtschaftlichen Landwirtschaftlichen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1840 6 Nutztierhaltung Nutztierhaltung NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1840 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1840 8 Vorläufiger Vorläufiger NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1840 9 Titel Titel NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1840 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1840 11 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1841 1 Kuratorium Kuratorium NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1841 2 Für Für NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1841 3 Technik Technik NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1841 4 Und Und NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1841 5 Bauwesen Bauwesen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1842 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1842 2 Der Der NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1842 3 Landwirtschaft Landwirtschaft NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1842 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1842 5 Ktbl Ktbl NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1842 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1842 7 Hrsg Hrsg NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1842 8 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1842 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1843 1 Concentrations concentration NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1843 2 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1843 3 Emissions Emissions NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1843 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1843 5 Airborne airborne JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1843 6 Endotoxins Endotoxins NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1843 7 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1843 8 Microorganisms Microorganisms NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1843 9 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1843 10 Livestock Livestock NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1843 11 Buildings Buildings NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1843 12 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1843 13 Northern Northern NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1843 14 Europe Europe NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1843 15 A A NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1843 16 Survey Survey NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1843 17 Of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1843 18 Ventilation Ventilation NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1843 19 Rates rate NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1844 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1844 2 Livestock Livestock NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1844 3 Buildings Buildings NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1845 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1845 2 Northern Northern NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1845 3 Number Number NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1845 4 Of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1845 5 Viable viable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1845 6 Bacteria Bacteria NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1845 7 And and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1845 8 Presumptive presumptive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1845 9 Antibiotic antibiotic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1845 10 Residues residue NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1845 11 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1845 12 Milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1845 13 Fed Fed NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1846 1 To to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1846 2 Calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1847 1 On on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1847 2 Commercial Commercial NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1847 3 Dairies Dairies NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1847 4 Effects Effects NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1847 5 Of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1847 6 Transportations Transportations NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1847 7 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1847 8 A a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1847 9 High high JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1847 10 Lactose lactose NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1847 11 Diet Diet NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1847 12 And and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1847 13 ACTH ACTH NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1847 14 Injections injection NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1847 15 On on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1847 16 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1847 17 White White NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1847 18 Blood Blood NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1847 19 Cell Cell NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1847 20 Count Count NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1847 21 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1847 22 Serum serum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1847 23 Cortisol Cortisol NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1847 24 And and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1847 25 Immunoglobulin immunoglobulin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1847 26 G g NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1848 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1848 2 Young Young NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1848 3 Calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1848 4 Descriptive descriptive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1848 5 Epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1848 6 Of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1848 7 Morbidity morbidity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1848 8 And and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1848 9 Mortality mortality NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1849 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1849 2 Minnesota Minnesota NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1849 3 Dairy Dairy NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1849 4 Heifer Heifer NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1849 5 Calves Calves NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1850 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1850 2 development development NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1850 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1850 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1850 5 bacterial bacterial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1850 6 flora flora NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1850 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1850 8 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1850 9 faeces faece NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1850 10 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1850 11 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1850 12 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1850 13 man man NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1850 14 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1850 15 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1850 16 changes change NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1850 17 that that WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1850 18 occur occur VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1850 19 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1850 20 aging age VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1850 21 Clostridial Clostridial NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1850 22 Abomasitis Abomasitis NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1850 23 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1850 24 Calves Calves NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1850 25 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1851 1 Case Case NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1851 2 Report Report NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1851 3 And and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1851 4 Review Review NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1851 5 Of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1851 6 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1851 7 Literature Literature NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1851 8 Destruction destruction NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1851 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1851 10 Mycobacterium Mycobacterium NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1851 11 Paratuberculosis Paratuberculosis NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1851 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1851 13 Salmonella Salmonella NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1851 14 Spp Spp NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1851 15 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1852 1 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1852 2 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1852 3 Mycoplasma Mycoplasma NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1852 4 Spp Spp NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1852 5 Effects Effects NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1852 6 Of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1852 7 Local local JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1852 8 Anaesthesia Anaesthesia NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1852 9 Or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1852 10 Local Local NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1852 11 Anaesthesia Anaesthesia NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1852 12 Plus plus CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1853 1 A a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1853 2 Non non JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1853 3 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1853 4 Steroidal steroidal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1853 5 Anti anti JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1853 6 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1853 7 Inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1853 8 Drug drug NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1853 9 On on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1853 10 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1853 11 Acute acute JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1853 12 Cortisol Cortisol NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1853 13 Response response NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1853 14 Of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1853 15 Calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 1 To to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 2 Five five CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 3 Different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 4 Methods method NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 5 Of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 6 Castration castration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 7 Dehorning Dehorning NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 8 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 9 Disbudding Disbudding NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 10 distress distress NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 11 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 12 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 13 alleviation alleviation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 14 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 15 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 16 Seasonal seasonal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 17 variation variation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 18 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 19 thermophilic thermophilic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 20 campylobacters campylobacter NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 21 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 22 lambs lamb NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 23 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 24 slaughter slaughter NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 25 Losses loss NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 26 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 27 Young Young NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 28 Calves Calves NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 29 after after IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 30 Transportation transportation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 31 Reaction Reaction NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 32 Of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 33 Claves Claves NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 34 To to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 35 Two two CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 36 Flooring flooring NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 37 Materials material NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 38 Offered offer VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 39 Simultaneously simultaneously RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 40 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 41 One one CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 42 Pen pen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 43 Effects effect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 44 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 45 three three CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 46 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 47 methods method NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 48 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 49 dehorning dehorning NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 50 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 51 cortisol cortisol NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 52 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 53 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 54 behaviour behaviour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 55 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 56 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 57 Evaluation Evaluation NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 58 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 59 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 60 effect effect NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 61 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 62 local local JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 63 anaesthesia anaesthesia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 64 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 65 local local JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 66 anaesthesia anaesthesia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 67 associated associate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 68 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 69 analgesia analgesia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 70 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 71 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 72 levels level NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 73 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 74 cortisol cortisol NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 75 after after IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 76 hot hot JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 77 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 78 iron iron NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 79 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 80 chemical chemical NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 81 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 82 scoop scoop NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 83 dehorning dehorning NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 84 Effects effect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 85 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 86 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 87 vivo vivo NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 88 release release NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 89 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 90 insulin insulin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 91 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 92 glucagon glucagon NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 93 studied study VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 94 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 95 microdialysis microdialysis NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 96 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 97 rat rat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 98 pancreas pancrea NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 99 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 100 audiographic audiographic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 101 evidence evidence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 102 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 103 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 104 3H)-oxytocin 3h)-oxytocin JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 105 binding bind VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 106 sites site NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 107 within within IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 108 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 109 islets islet NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 110 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1854 111 Langerhans Langerhans NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1855 1 Some some DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1855 2 theoretical theoretical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1855 3 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1855 4 observed observed JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1855 5 relationships relationship NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1855 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1855 7 fixed fix VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1855 8 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1855 9 portable portable JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1855 10 spacing spacing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1855 11 behavior behavior NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1855 12 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1855 13 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1856 1 Selfish selfish JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1856 2 animats animat NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1856 3 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1856 4 robot robot NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1856 5 ethology ethology NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1856 6 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1857 1 Using use VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1857 2 artificial artificial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1857 3 animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1857 4 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1857 5 investigate investigate VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1857 6 social social JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1857 7 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1857 8 spatial spatial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1857 9 behavior behavior NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1857 10 Effect effect NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1857 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1857 12 local local JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1857 13 anaesthetic anaesthetic NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1857 14 combined combine VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1857 15 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1857 16 wound wound JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1857 17 cauterisation cauterisation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1857 18 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1857 19 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1857 20 cortisol cortisol NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1857 21 response response NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1857 22 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1857 23 dehorning dehorn VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1857 24 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1857 25 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1857 26 Cortisol Cortisol NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1857 27 responses response NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1857 28 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1857 29 dehorning dehorning NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1857 30 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1857 31 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1857 32 given give VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1857 33 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1857 34 5-h 5-h CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1857 35 local local JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1857 36 anaesthetic anaesthetic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1857 37 regimen regimen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1857 38 plus plus CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1857 39 phenylbutazone phenylbutazone NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1857 40 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1857 41 ketoprofen ketoprofen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1857 42 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1857 43 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1857 44 adrenocorticotropic adrenocorticotropic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1857 45 hormone hormone NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1857 46 prior prior RB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1857 47 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1857 48 dehorning dehorn VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1857 49 Scientific Scientific NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1857 50 Veterinary Veterinary NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1857 51 Committee Committee NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1857 52 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1857 53 Animal Animal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1857 54 Welfare Welfare NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1857 55 Section Section NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1857 56 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1858 1 Directorate Directorate NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1858 2 Generale Generale NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1858 3 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1858 4 Agriculture Agriculture NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1858 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1859 1 VI VI NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1859 2 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1859 3 BII.2 bii.2 XX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1859 4 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 1 Adopted adopt VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 2 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 3 effect effect NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 5 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 6 size size NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 7 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 8 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 9 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 10 growth growth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 11 rate rate NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 12 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 13 Swedish swedish JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 14 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 15 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 16 housed house VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 17 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 18 pens pen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 19 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 20 automatic automatic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 21 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 22 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 23 feeders feeder NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 24 Bovine bovine JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 25 coccidiosis coccidiosis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 26 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 27 special special JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 28 reference reference NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 29 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 30 Eimeria Eimeria NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 31 alabamensis alabamensis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 32 infections infection NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 33 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 34 grazing graze VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 35 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 36 Morbidity morbidity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 37 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 38 Swedish swedish JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 39 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 40 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 41 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 42 birth birth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 43 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 44 90 90 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 45 days day NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 46 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 47 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 48 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 49 individual individual JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 50 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 51 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 52 level level NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 53 risk risk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 54 factors factor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 55 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 56 infectious infectious JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 57 diseases disease NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 58 Health Health NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 59 status status NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 60 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 61 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 62 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 63 kept keep VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 64 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 65 individual individual JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 66 pens pen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 67 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 68 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 69 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 70 pens pen NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 71 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 72 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 73 without without IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 74 automatic automatic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 75 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 76 feeder feeder NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 77 Acute acute JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 78 cortisol cortisol NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 79 responses response NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 80 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 81 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 82 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 83 scoop scoop VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 84 dehorning dehorning NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 85 using use VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 86 local local JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1860 87 anaesthesia anaesthesia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1861 1 and/or and/or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1861 2 cautery cautery NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1861 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1861 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1861 5 wound wound NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1861 6 Verotoxigenic Verotoxigenic NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1861 7 Escherichia Escherichia NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1861 8 coli coli NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1861 9 O157 O157 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1861 10 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1861 11 scottish scottish JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1861 12 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1861 13 Verocytotoxin Verocytotoxin NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1861 14 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1861 15 producing produce VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1861 16 Escherichia Escherichia NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1861 17 coli coli NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1861 18 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1862 1 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1862 2 veterinary veterinary JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1862 3 view view NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1862 4 Concentrations concentration NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1862 5 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1862 6 emissions emission NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1862 7 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1862 8 airborne airborne JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1862 9 dust dust NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1862 10 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1862 11 livestock livestock NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1862 12 buildings building NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1862 13 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1862 14 Northern Northern NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1862 15 Europe Europe NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1862 16 Ethological Ethological NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1862 17 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1862 18 physiological physiological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1862 19 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1862 20 histological histological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1862 21 aspects aspect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1862 22 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1862 23 pain pain NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1862 24 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1862 25 stress stress NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1862 26 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1862 27 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1862 28 when when WRB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1862 29 being be VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1862 30 dehorned dehorn VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1862 31 Individual individual JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1862 32 humans human NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1862 33 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1862 34 discriminative discriminative JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1862 35 stimuli stimulus NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1862 36 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1862 37 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1862 38 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1862 39 Bos Bos NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1862 40 taurus taurus NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1862 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1863 1 Pathological pathological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1863 2 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1863 3 microbiological microbiological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1863 4 studies study NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1863 5 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1863 6 pneumonic pneumonic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1863 7 lungs lung NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1863 8 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1863 9 Danish danish JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1863 10 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1863 11 Effects effect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1863 12 Of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1863 13 Individual Individual NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1863 14 Housing Housing NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1863 15 Design Design NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1863 16 And and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1863 17 Size size NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1864 1 On on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1864 2 Special Special NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1864 3 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1864 4 Fed Fed NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1864 5 Holstein Holstein NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1864 6 Veal Veal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1864 7 Calf Calf NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1864 8 Growth Growth NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1864 9 Performance Performance NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1864 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1864 11 Hematology Hematology NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1864 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1864 13 And and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1864 14 Carcass Carcass NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1864 15 Characteristics characteristic NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1865 1 Calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1865 2 Rearing rearing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1866 1 Verordnung Verordnung NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1866 2 zum zum NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1866 3 Schutz Schutz NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1866 4 landwirtschaftlicher landwirtschaftlicher NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1867 1 Nutztiere Nutztiere NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1867 2 und und XX cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1868 1 anderer anderer NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1868 2 zur zur NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1868 3 Erzeugung Erzeugung NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1869 1 tierischer tierischer NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1870 1 Produkte Produkte NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1870 2 gehaltener gehaltener NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1870 3 Tiere Tiere NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1870 4 bei bei NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1870 5 ihrer ihrer JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1870 6 Haltung Haltung NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1871 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1871 2 Tierschutz Tierschutz NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1871 3 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1871 4 Nutztierhaltungsverordnung Nutztierhaltungsverordnung NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1871 5 -TierSchNutztV -TierSchNutztV NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1871 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1872 1 * * NFP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1872 2 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1872 3 vom vom VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1872 4 25 25 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1872 5 2759 2759 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1872 6 geändert geändert NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1873 1 durch durch NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1873 2 die die VBP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1873 3 Erste Erste NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1873 4 Verordnung Verordnung NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1873 5 zur zur NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1873 6 Änderung Änderung NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1873 7 der der NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1873 8 Tierschutz Tierschutz NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1874 1 -Nutztierhaltungsverordnung -nutztierhaltungsverordnung NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 1 vom vom NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 2 28 28 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 3 Effects effect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 5 age age NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 7 Holstein Holstein NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 8 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 9 Friesian friesian JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 10 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 11 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 12 plasma plasma NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 13 cortisol cortisol NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 14 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 15 acute acute JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 16 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 17 phase phase NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 18 proteins protein NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 19 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 20 immunological immunological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 21 function function NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 22 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 23 scrotal scrotal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 24 measurements measurement NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 25 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 26 growth growth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 27 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 28 response response NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 29 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 30 Burdizzo Burdizzo NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 31 castration castration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 32 Effect effect NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 33 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 34 ketoprofen ketoprofen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 35 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 36 lidocaine lidocaine NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 37 local local JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 38 anesthesia anesthesia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 39 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 40 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 41 combined combine VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 42 xylazine xylazine NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 43 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 44 lidocaine lidocaine NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 45 caudal caudal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 46 epidural epidural NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 47 anesthesia anesthesia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 48 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 49 castration castration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 50 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 51 beef beef NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 52 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 53 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 54 stress stress NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 55 responses response NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 56 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 57 immunity immunity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 58 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 59 growth growth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 60 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 61 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 62 behavior behavior NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 63 Etude Etude NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 64 de de NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 65 la la NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 66 prévalence prévalence NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 67 de de NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 68 l'infection l'infection NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 69 des des FW cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 70 veaux veaux NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 71 par par IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 72 Giardia Giardia NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 73 duodenalis duodenalis NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1875 74 en en IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1876 1 Pays Pays NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1876 2 de de NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1876 3 la la NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1876 4 Loire Loire NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1876 5 Effects Effects NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1876 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1876 7 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1876 8 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1876 9 responses response NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1876 10 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1876 11 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1876 12 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1876 13 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1876 14 handling handling NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1876 15 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1876 16 transport transport NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1876 17 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1877 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1877 2 New New NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1877 3 Trends Trends NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1877 4 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1877 5 Veal Veal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1877 6 Calf Calf NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1877 7 Production production NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1878 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1878 2 importance importance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1878 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1878 4 straw straw NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1878 5 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1878 6 pig pig NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1878 7 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1878 8 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1878 9 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1878 10 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1878 11 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1878 12 review review NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1878 13 Behavioural behavioural JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1878 14 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1878 15 physiological physiological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1878 16 studies study NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1878 17 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1878 18 rearing rearing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1878 19 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1878 20 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1878 21 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1879 1 Molecular molecular JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1879 2 epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1879 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1879 4 Cryptosporidium cryptosporidium NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1879 5 parvum parvum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1879 6 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1879 7 Giardia Giardia NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1879 8 duodenalis duodenalis NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1879 9 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1879 10 study study VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1879 11 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1879 12 potential potential NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1879 13 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1879 14 zoonotic zoonotic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1879 15 transmission transmission NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1879 16 Dynamics dynamic NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1879 17 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1879 18 bovine bovine JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1879 19 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1879 20 syncytical syncytical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1879 21 virus virus NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1879 22 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1879 23 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1879 24 longitudinal longitudinal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1879 25 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1879 26 study study NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1879 27 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1879 28 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1879 29 herds herd NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1880 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1880 2 prevalence prevalence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1880 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1880 4 verotoxins verotoxin NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1880 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1880 6 Escherichia Escherichia NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1880 7 coli coli NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1880 8 O157 O157 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1880 9 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1881 1 H7 H7 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1881 2 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1881 3 Salmonella Salmonella NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1881 4 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1881 5 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1881 6 feces fece NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1881 7 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1881 8 rumen rumen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1881 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1881 10 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1881 11 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1881 12 processing process VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1881 13 Haemoglobin Haemoglobin NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1881 14 And and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1881 15 Haematocrit Haematocrit NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1881 16 Levels Levels NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1882 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1882 2 Veal Veal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1882 3 Calves Calves NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1882 4 Is be VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1882 5 Anaemia anaemia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1882 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1882 7 Veal Veal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1882 8 Calves Calves NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1882 9 Normochromic Normochromic NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1882 10 or or CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1882 11 Hypochromic Hypochromic NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1882 12 A a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1882 13 comparison comparison NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1882 14 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1882 15 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1882 16 enrichment enrichment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1882 17 media medium NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1882 18 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1882 19 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1882 20 isolation isolation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1882 21 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1882 22 Salmonella Salmonella NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1882 23 dublin dublin NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1882 24 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1882 25 livers liver NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1882 26 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1882 27 kidneys kidney NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1882 28 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1882 29 muscles muscle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1882 30 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1882 31 Salmonella salmonella NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1882 32 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1882 33 positive positive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1882 34 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1882 35 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1883 1 Zusatzfuttering Zusatzfuttering NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1883 2 von von NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1883 3 Stroh Stroh NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1884 1 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1884 2 mastkälber mastkälber NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 2 effect effect NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 4 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 5 system system NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 6 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 7 dietary dietary JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 8 iron iron NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 9 supply supply NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 10 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 11 stress stress NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 12 physiological physiological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 13 measures measure NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 14 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 15 resistance resistance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 16 against against IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 17 an an DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 18 experimental experimental JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 19 infection infection NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 20 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 21 bovine bovine JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 22 herpesvirus herpesvirus NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 23 1 1 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 25 BHV1 BHV1 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 27 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 28 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 29 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 30 Enkele Enkele NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 31 epidemiologische epidemiologische NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 32 aspecten aspecten NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 33 van van NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 34 salmonellose salmonellose NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 35 bij bij NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 36 mestkalveren mestkalveren NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 37 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 38 Nederland Nederland NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 39 Calves Calves NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 40 ' ' POS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 41 responses response NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 42 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 43 repeated repeat VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 44 social social JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 45 regrouping regrouping NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 46 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 47 relocation relocation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 48 Does do VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 49 nutritive nutritive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 50 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 51 non non JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 52 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 53 nutritive nutritive JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 54 sucking sucking NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 55 reduce reduce NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 56 other other JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 57 oral oral JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 58 behaviors behavior NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 59 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 60 stimulate stimulate VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 61 rest rest NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 62 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 63 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 64 Nonnutritive Nonnutritive NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 65 oral oral JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 66 activities activity NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 67 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 68 stress stress NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 69 responses response NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 70 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 71 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 72 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 73 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 74 relation relation NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 75 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 76 feeding feeding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 77 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 78 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 79 conditions condition NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 80 Providing provide VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 81 social social JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 82 contacts contact NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 83 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 84 objects object NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 85 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 86 nibbling nibble VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 87 moderates moderate NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 88 reactivity reactivity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 89 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 90 oral oral JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 91 behavior behavior NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 92 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 93 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1885 94 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1886 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1886 2 effects effect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1886 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1886 4 rearing rearing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1886 5 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1886 6 individual individual JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1886 7 crates crate NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1886 8 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1886 9 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1886 10 social social JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1886 11 behaviour behaviour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1886 12 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1886 13 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1886 14 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1886 15 Somministrazione Somministrazione NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1886 16 Di Di NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1887 1 Un Un NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1887 2 Mangime Mangime NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1887 3 Solido Solido NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1888 1 A a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1889 1 Vitelli Vitelli NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1889 2 A A NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1890 1 Carne Carne NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1890 2 Bianca Bianca NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1890 3 Stabulati Stabulati NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1891 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1891 2 Gabbia Gabbia NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1891 3 Individuale Individuale NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1892 1 O o UH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1893 1 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1893 2 Box Box NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1893 3 Di Di NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1893 4 Gruppo Gruppo NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1893 5 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1894 1 2 2 LS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1894 2 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 1 Parametri Parametri NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 2 Comportamentali Comportamentali NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 3 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 4 Fisiologici Fisiologici NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 5 E E NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 6 Patologici Patologici NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 7 Behaviour Behaviour NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 8 And and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 9 Performance performance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 10 Of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 11 Veal Veal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 12 Calves Calves NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 13 Under under IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 14 Different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 15 Stabling Stabling NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 16 Conditions condition NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 17 Assessing assess VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 18 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 19 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 20 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 21 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 22 significance significance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 23 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 24 causal causal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 25 studies study NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 26 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 27 behaviour behaviour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 28 at at IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 29 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 30 motivational motivational JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 31 level level NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 32 Epidemiologic epidemiologic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 33 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 34 pathological pathological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 35 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 36 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 37 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 38 tract tract NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 39 disease disease NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 40 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 41 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 42 heifers heifer NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 43 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 44 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 45 first first JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 46 three three CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 47 months month NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 48 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 49 life life NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 50 Morbidity morbidity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 51 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 52 nonrespiratory nonrespiratory NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 53 diseases disease NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 54 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 55 mortality mortality NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 56 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 57 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 58 heifers heifer NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 59 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 60 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 61 first first JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 62 months month NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 63 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 64 life life NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 65 Iron Iron NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 66 deficiency deficiency NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 67 anemia anemia NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 68 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 69 increased increase VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 70 urinary urinary JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 71 norepinephrine norepinephrine NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 72 excretion excretion NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 73 Decreased decrease VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 74 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 75 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 76 ciprofloxacin ciprofloxacin NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 77 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 78 outbreak outbreak NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 79 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 80 associated associate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 81 multiresistant multiresistant NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 82 Salmonella Salmonella NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1895 83 typhimurium typhimurium NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1896 1 DT104 DT104 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1896 2 Otitis Otitis NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1896 3 media medium NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1896 4 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1896 5 preweaned preweane VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1896 6 Holstein Holstein NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1896 7 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1896 8 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1896 9 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1896 10 Michigan Michigan NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1896 11 due due IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1896 12 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1896 13 Mycoplasma mycoplasma NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1896 14 bovis bovis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1896 15 Effects effect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1896 16 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1896 17 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1896 18 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1896 19 individual individual JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1896 20 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1896 21 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1896 22 isolated isolate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1896 23 rearing rearing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1896 24 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1896 25 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1896 26 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1896 27 weight weight NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1896 28 gain gain NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1896 29 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1896 30 behavior behavior NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1896 31 Colostrum colostrum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1897 1 -The -the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1897 2 beginning begin VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1897 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1897 4 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1897 5 successful successful JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1897 6 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1897 7 raising raise VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1897 8 program program NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1897 9 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1898 1 Dairy Dairy NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1898 2 Feed Feed NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1898 3 Facts Facts NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1898 4 Air air NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1898 5 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1898 6 surface surface NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1898 7 hygiene hygiene NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1899 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1899 2 response response NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1899 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1899 4 beef beef NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1899 5 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1899 6 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1899 7 noise noise NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1899 8 during during IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1899 9 handling handle VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1899 10 Reduction reduction NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1899 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1899 12 cross cross JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1899 13 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1899 14 sucking suck VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1899 15 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1899 16 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1899 17 by by IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1899 18 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1899 19 use use NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1899 20 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1899 21 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1899 22 modified modify VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1899 23 automatic automatic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1899 24 teat teat NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1899 25 feeder feeder NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1899 26 Calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1899 27 husbandry husbandry NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1899 28 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1899 29 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1899 30 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1899 31 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1899 32 Rearing rearing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1899 33 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1899 34 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1899 35 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1900 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1900 2 effect effect NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1900 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1900 4 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1900 5 rearing rearing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1900 6 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1900 7 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1900 8 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1900 9 development development NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1900 10 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1900 11 calf calf NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1900 12 behaviour behaviour NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1901 1 A a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1901 2 survey survey NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1901 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1901 4 abomasal abomasal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1901 5 ulceration ulceration NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1901 6 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1901 7 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1901 8 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1901 9 Haematology Haematology NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1901 10 Of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1901 11 Veal Veal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1901 12 Calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1901 13 Reared rear VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1901 14 In in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1901 15 Different Different NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1901 16 Husbandry Husbandry NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1901 17 Systems Systems NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1902 1 And and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1902 2 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1902 3 Assessment Assessment NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1902 4 Of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1902 5 Iron Iron NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1902 6 Deficiency Deficiency NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1902 7 Health Health NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1902 8 status status NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1902 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1902 10 preweaned preweaned JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1902 11 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1902 12 heifers heifer NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1902 13 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1902 14 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1902 15 United United NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1902 16 States States NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1903 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1903 2 effect effect NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1903 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1903 4 feeding feeding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1903 5 pellets pellet NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1903 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1903 7 different different JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1903 8 types type NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1903 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1903 10 roughage roughage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1903 11 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1903 12 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1903 13 incidence incidence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1903 14 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1903 15 lesions lesion NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1903 16 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1903 17 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1903 18 abomasum abomasum NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1903 19 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1903 20 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1903 21 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1903 22 1 1 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1903 23 st st NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1903 24 joint joint JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1903 25 FAO FAO NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1903 26 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1903 27 OIE/ OIE/ NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1904 1 WHO who WP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1904 2 expert expert NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1904 3 workshop workshop NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1904 4 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1904 5 non non JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1904 6 - - JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1904 7 human human JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1904 8 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1904 9 usage usage NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1904 10 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1904 11 antimicrobial antimicrobial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1904 12 resistance resistance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1904 13 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1905 1 Scientific scientific JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1905 2 assessment assessment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 1 On on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 2 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 3 significance significance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 4 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 5 ethological ethological JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 6 criteria criterion NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 7 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 8 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 9 assessment assessment NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 10 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 11 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 12 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 13 Effects effect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 14 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 15 Individual Individual NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 16 Housing Housing NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 17 Design Design NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 18 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 19 Size size NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 20 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 21 Behaviour Behaviour NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 22 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 23 Stress Stress NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 24 Indicators Indicators NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 25 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 26 Special Special NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 27 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 28 Fed Fed NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 29 Holstein Holstein NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 30 Veal Veal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 31 Calves Calves NNPS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 32 Feeding feed VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 33 antibiotic antibiotic NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 34 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 35 contaminated contaminate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 36 waste waste NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 37 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 38 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 39 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 40 -- -- : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 41 effects effect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 42 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 43 physical physical JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 44 performance performance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 45 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 46 antibiotic antibiotic JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 47 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 48 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 49 gut gut NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 50 flora flora NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 51 Reviews review NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 52 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 53 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 54 progress progress NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 55 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 56 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 57 science science NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 58 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 59 bovine bovine JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 60 salmonellosis salmonellosis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 61 Factors factor NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 62 influencing influence VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 63 occurrence occurrence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 64 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 65 colibacillosis colibacillosis NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 66 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 67 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 68 Natural natural JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 69 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 70 experimental experimental JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 71 infection infection NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 72 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 73 normal normal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 74 cattle cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 75 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 76 Escherichia Escherichia NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 77 coli coli NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 78 O157 O157 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 79 Rearing rear VBG cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 80 veal veal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 81 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 82 with with IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 83 respect respect NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 84 to to IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 85 animal animal NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 86 welfare welfare NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 87 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 88 effects effect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 89 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 90 group group NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 91 housing housing NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 92 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 93 solid solid JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 94 Influence influence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 95 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 96 dietary dietary JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 97 concentrate concentrate NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 98 to to TO cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 99 forage forage VB cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 100 ratio ratio NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 101 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 102 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 103 development development NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 104 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 105 rumen rumen NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 106 mucosa mucosa JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 107 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1906 108 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1907 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1907 2 members member NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1907 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1907 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1907 5 Working Working NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1907 6 Group Group NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1907 7 which which WDT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1907 8 authored author VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1907 9 this this DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1907 10 report report NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1907 11 were be VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1907 12 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1907 13 _SP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1907 14 Animals animal NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1907 15 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1908 1 CAB CAB NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1908 2 International International NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1908 3 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1908 4 Oxon Oxon NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1908 5 / / SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1908 6 New New NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1908 7 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1908 8 York152 York152 NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1908 9 pp pp CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1908 10 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1909 1 Hepola Hepola NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1909 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1909 3 H. H. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1909 4 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1909 5 2003 2003 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1909 6 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1910 1 Milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1910 2 feeding feeding NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1910 3 systems system NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1910 4 for for IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1910 5 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1910 6 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1910 7 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1910 8 groups group NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1910 9 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1910 10 effects effect NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1910 11 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1910 12 feed feed NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1910 13 intake intake NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1910 14 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1910 15 growth growth NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1910 16 and and CC cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1910 17 health health NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1910 18 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1911 1 Applied Applied NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1911 2 Animal Animal NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1911 3 Behaviour Behaviour NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1911 4 Science Science NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1911 5 80 80 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1911 6 : : : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1911 7 233 233 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1911 8 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1911 9 243.Herrmann 243.herrmann CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1911 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1911 11 J. J. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1911 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1911 13 Knierim Knierim NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1911 14 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1911 15 U. U. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1911 16 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1912 1 1999 1999 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1912 2 Hinton Hinton NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1912 3 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1912 4 M. M. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1912 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1912 6 Linton Linton NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1912 7 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1912 8 A.H. A.H. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1912 9 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1912 10 1983 1983 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1912 11 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1913 1 Antibacterial antibacterial JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1913 2 drug drug NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1913 3 resistance resistance NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1913 4 among among IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1913 5 Escherichia Escherichia NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1913 6 coli coli NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1913 7 isolated isolate VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1913 8 from from IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1913 9 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1913 10 fed feed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1913 11 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1913 12 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1913 13 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1913 14 substitute substitute NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1913 15 diet diet NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1913 16 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1913 17 Vet Vet NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1913 18 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1914 1 Rec Rec NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1914 2 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1914 3 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1914 4 112 112 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1914 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1914 6 567 567 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1914 7 - - SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1914 8 568.Hinton 568.hinton CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1914 9 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1914 10 M. M. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1914 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1914 12 Ali Ali NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1914 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1914 14 E. E. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1914 15 A. A. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1914 16 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1914 17 Allen Allen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1914 18 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1914 19 V. V. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1914 20 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1914 21 Linton Linton NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1914 22 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1914 23 A. A. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1914 24 H. h. NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1914 25 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1914 26 1983 1983 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1914 27 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1915 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1915 2 excretion excretion NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1915 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1915 4 Salmonella Salmonella NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1915 5 typhimurium typhimurium NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1915 6 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1915 7 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1915 8 faeces faece NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1915 9 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1915 10 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1915 11 fed feed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1915 12 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1915 13 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1915 14 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1915 15 substitute substitute NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1915 16 diet diet NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1915 17 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1916 1 J. J. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1916 2 Hyg Hyg NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1916 3 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1917 1 Camb Camb NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1917 2 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1918 1 91 91 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1918 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1918 3 33 33 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1918 4 - - SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1918 5 45.Hinton 45.hinton CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1918 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1918 7 M. M. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1918 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1918 9 Hedges Hedges NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1918 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1918 11 A. A. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1918 12 J. J. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1918 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1918 14 Linton Linton NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1918 15 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1918 16 A. A. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1918 17 H. h. NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1918 18 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1918 19 1985a 1985a CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1918 20 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1919 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1919 2 ecology ecology NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1919 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1919 4 Escherichia Escherichia NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1919 5 coli coli NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1919 6 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1919 7 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1919 8 fed feed VBN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1919 9 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1919 10 a a DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1919 11 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1919 12 substitute substitute NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1919 13 diet diet NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1919 14 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1920 1 J. J. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1920 2 Appl Appl NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1920 3 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1921 1 Bacteriol Bacteriol NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1921 2 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1922 1 58 58 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1922 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1922 3 27 27 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1922 4 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1922 5 35.Hinton 35.hinton CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1922 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1922 7 M. M. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1922 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1922 9 Linton Linton NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1922 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1922 11 A. A. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1922 12 H. h. NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1922 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1922 14 Hedges Hedges NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1922 15 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1922 16 A. A. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1922 17 J. J. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1922 18 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1922 19 1985b 1985b NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1922 20 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1923 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1923 2 ecology ecology NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1923 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1923 4 Escherichia Escherichia NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1923 5 coli coli NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1923 6 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1923 7 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1923 8 reared rear VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1923 9 as as IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1923 10 dairy dairy NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1923 11 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1923 12 cow cow NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1923 13 replacers replacer NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1923 14 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1924 1 J. J. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1924 2 Appl Appl NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1924 3 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1925 1 Bacteriol Bacteriol NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1925 2 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1926 1 58 58 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1926 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1926 3 131 131 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1926 4 - - SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1926 5 138.Hinton 138.hinton CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1926 6 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1926 7 M. M. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1926 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1926 9 Rixson Rixson NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1926 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1926 11 P. P. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1926 12 D. D. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1926 13 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1926 14 Allen Allen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1926 15 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1926 16 V. V. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1926 17 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1926 18 Linton Linton NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1926 19 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1926 20 A. A. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1926 21 H. h. NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1926 22 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1926 23 1984a 1984a CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1926 24 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1927 1 The the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1927 2 persistence persistence NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1927 3 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1927 4 drugresistant drugresistant JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1927 5 Escherichia Escherichia NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1927 6 coli coli VBZ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1927 7 strains strain NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1927 8 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1927 9 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1927 10 majority majority NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1927 11 faecal faecal JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1927 12 flora flora NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1927 13 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1927 14 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1927 15 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1927 16 J. J. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1927 17 Hyg Hyg NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1927 18 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1928 1 Camb Camb NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1928 2 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1928 3 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1928 4 91 91 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1928 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1928 6 33 33 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1928 7 - - SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1928 8 45.Hinton 45.hinton CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1928 9 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1928 10 M. M. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1928 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1929 1 Suleyman Suleyman NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1929 2 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1929 3 I. I. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1929 4 O. O. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1929 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1929 6 Allen Allen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1929 7 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1929 8 V. V. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1929 9 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1929 10 Linton Linton NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1929 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1929 12 A. A. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1929 13 H. h. NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1929 14 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1929 15 1984b 1984b CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1929 16 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1930 1 Further further JJ cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1930 2 observations observation NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1930 3 on on IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1930 4 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1930 5 excretion excretion NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1930 6 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1930 7 Salmonella Salmonella NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1930 8 in in IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1930 9 the the DT cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1930 10 faeces faece NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1930 11 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1930 12 calves calf NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1930 13 fed feed VBD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1930 14 milk milk NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1930 15 substitute substitute NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1930 16 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1930 17 J. J. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1930 18 Hyg Hyg NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1930 19 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1931 1 Camb Camb NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1931 2 . . NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1931 3 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1931 4 93 93 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1931 5 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1931 6 547 547 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1931 7 - - SYM cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1931 8 557.Holliman 557.holliman CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1931 9 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1931 10 A. a. NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1931 11 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1931 12 2000 2000 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1931 13 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1932 1 Overview Overview NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1932 2 of of IN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1932 3 coccidiosis coccidiosis NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1932 4 -recent -recent NN cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1932 5 observations observation NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1932 6 . . . cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1933 1 Cattle Cattle NNS cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1933 2 Practice Practice NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1933 3 8 8 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1933 4 ; ; : cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1933 5 83 83 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1933 6 - - HYPH cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1933 7 88.Holm 88.holm CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1933 8 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1933 9 L. L. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1933 10 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1933 11 Jensen Jensen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1933 12 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1933 13 M. M. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1933 14 B. B. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1933 15 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1933 16 Jeppesen Jeppesen NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1933 17 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1933 18 L. L. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1933 19 L. L. NNP cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1933 20 , , , cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1933 21 2002 2002 CD cord-009694-e59kuwf1 1933 22 _SP