id sid tid token lemma pos cord-281819-2roflnan 1 1 key key NN cord-281819-2roflnan 1 2 : : : cord-281819-2roflnan 1 3 cord-281819 cord-281819 NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 1 4 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 1 5 2roflnan 2roflnan CD cord-281819-2roflnan 1 6 authors author NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 1 7 : : : cord-281819-2roflnan 1 8 Neethirajan Neethirajan NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 1 9 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 1 10 Suresh Suresh NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 1 11 title title NN cord-281819-2roflnan 1 12 : : : cord-281819-2roflnan 2 1 Transforming transform VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 2 2 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 2 3 Adaptation Adaptation NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 2 4 Physiology Physiology NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 2 5 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 2 6 Farm Farm NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 2 7 Animals Animals NNPS cord-281819-2roflnan 2 8 through through IN cord-281819-2roflnan 2 9 Sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 2 10 date date NN cord-281819-2roflnan 2 11 : : : cord-281819-2roflnan 2 12 2020 2020 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 2 13 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 2 14 08 08 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 2 15 - - SYM cord-281819-2roflnan 2 16 26 26 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 2 17 journal journal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 2 18 : : : cord-281819-2roflnan 2 19 Animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 2 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 2 21 Basel Basel NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 2 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 2 23 DOI DOI NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 2 24 : : : cord-281819-2roflnan 3 1 10.3390 10.3390 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 4 1 /ani10091512 /ani10091512 NFP cord-281819-2roflnan 4 2 sha sha NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 4 3 : : : cord-281819-2roflnan 4 4 a243017154a0132732075c7b2c5f5885513f43d2 a243017154a0132732075c7b2c5f5885513f43d2 NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 4 5 doc_id doc_id CD cord-281819-2roflnan 4 6 : : : cord-281819-2roflnan 4 7 281819 281819 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 4 8 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 4 9 : : : cord-281819-2roflnan 4 10 2roflnan 2roflnan CD cord-281819-2roflnan 5 1 SIMPLE simple JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 5 2 SUMMARY summary NN cord-281819-2roflnan 5 3 : : : cord-281819-2roflnan 6 1 Strategy strategy NN cord-281819-2roflnan 6 2 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 6 3 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 6 4 protection protection NN cord-281819-2roflnan 6 5 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 6 6 welfare welfare NN cord-281819-2roflnan 6 7 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 6 8 farm farm NN cord-281819-2roflnan 6 9 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 6 10 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 6 11 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 6 12 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 6 13 sustainable sustainable JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 6 14 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 6 15 production production NN cord-281819-2roflnan 6 16 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 6 17 dependent dependent JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 6 18 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 6 19 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 6 20 thorough thorough JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 6 21 understanding understanding NN cord-281819-2roflnan 6 22 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 6 23 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 6 24 adaptation adaptation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 6 25 physiology physiology NN cord-281819-2roflnan 6 26 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 7 1 Real real JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 7 2 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 7 3 time time NN cord-281819-2roflnan 7 4 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 7 5 continuous continuous JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 7 6 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 7 7 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 7 8 precise precise JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 7 9 measurement measurement NN cord-281819-2roflnan 7 10 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 7 11 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 7 12 multi multi JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 7 13 - - JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 7 14 dimensions dimensions JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 7 15 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 7 16 complex complex JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 7 17 intricacies intricacy NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 7 18 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 7 19 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 7 20 capacity capacity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 7 21 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 7 22 farm farm NN cord-281819-2roflnan 7 23 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 7 24 namely namely RB cord-281819-2roflnan 7 25 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 7 26 mental mental JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 7 27 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 7 28 behavioral behavioral JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 7 29 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 7 30 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 7 31 physiological physiological JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 7 32 states state NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 7 33 are be VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 7 34 possible possible JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 7 35 only only RB cord-281819-2roflnan 7 36 through through IN cord-281819-2roflnan 7 37 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 7 38 sensor sensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 7 39 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 7 40 based base VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 7 41 approaches approach NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 7 42 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 8 1 This this DT cord-281819-2roflnan 8 2 paper paper NN cord-281819-2roflnan 8 3 critically critically RB cord-281819-2roflnan 8 4 reviews review VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 8 5 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 8 6 latest late JJS cord-281819-2roflnan 8 7 sensor sensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 8 8 technologies technology NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 8 9 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 8 10 assessment assessment NN cord-281819-2roflnan 8 11 tools tool NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 8 12 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 8 13 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 8 14 adaptation adaptation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 8 15 physiology physiology NN cord-281819-2roflnan 8 16 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 8 17 farm farm NN cord-281819-2roflnan 8 18 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 8 19 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 8 20 explores explore VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 8 21 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-281819-2roflnan 8 22 advantages advantage NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 8 23 over over IN cord-281819-2roflnan 8 24 traditional traditional JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 8 25 measurement measurement NN cord-281819-2roflnan 8 26 methods method NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 8 27 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 9 1 Digital digital JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 9 2 innovation innovation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 9 3 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 9 4 diagnostics diagnostic NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 9 5 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 9 6 genetic genetic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 9 7 testing testing NN cord-281819-2roflnan 9 8 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 9 9 biosensors biosensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 9 10 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 9 11 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 9 12 wearable wearable JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 9 13 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 9 14 devices device NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 9 15 are be VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 9 16 important important JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 9 17 tools tool NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 9 18 that that WDT cord-281819-2roflnan 9 19 enable enable VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 9 20 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 9 21 development development NN cord-281819-2roflnan 9 22 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 9 23 decision decision NN cord-281819-2roflnan 9 24 support support NN cord-281819-2roflnan 9 25 farming farming NN cord-281819-2roflnan 9 26 platforms platform NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 9 27 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 9 28 provides provide VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 9 29 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 9 30 path path NN cord-281819-2roflnan 9 31 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 9 32 predicting predict VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 9 33 diseases disease NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 9 34 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 9 35 livestock livestock NN cord-281819-2roflnan 9 36 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 10 1 Sensor sensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 10 2 fusion fusion NN cord-281819-2roflnan 10 3 data datum NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 10 4 from from IN cord-281819-2roflnan 10 5 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 10 6 multitude multitude NN cord-281819-2roflnan 10 7 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 10 8 biochemical biochemical JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 10 9 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 10 10 emotional emotional JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 10 11 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 10 12 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 10 13 physiological physiological JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 10 14 functions function NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 10 15 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 10 16 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 10 17 farm farm NN cord-281819-2roflnan 10 18 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 10 19 not not RB cord-281819-2roflnan 10 20 only only RB cord-281819-2roflnan 10 21 helps help VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 10 22 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 10 23 identify identify VB cord-281819-2roflnan 10 24 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 10 25 most most RBS cord-281819-2roflnan 10 26 productive productive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 10 27 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 10 28 but but CC cord-281819-2roflnan 10 29 also also RB cord-281819-2roflnan 10 30 allows allow VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 10 31 farmers farmer NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 10 32 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 10 33 predict predict VB cord-281819-2roflnan 10 34 which which WDT cord-281819-2roflnan 10 35 individual individual JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 10 36 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 10 37 may may MD cord-281819-2roflnan 10 38 have have VB cord-281819-2roflnan 10 39 greater great JJR cord-281819-2roflnan 10 40 resilience resilience NN cord-281819-2roflnan 10 41 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 10 42 common common JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 10 43 diseases disease NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 10 44 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 11 1 Insights insight NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 11 2 into into IN cord-281819-2roflnan 11 3 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 11 4 cost cost NN cord-281819-2roflnan 11 5 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 11 6 adoption adoption NN cord-281819-2roflnan 11 7 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 11 8 sensor sensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 11 9 technologies technology NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 11 10 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 11 11 farms farm NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 11 12 including include VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 11 13 computing computing NN cord-281819-2roflnan 11 14 capacity capacity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 11 15 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 11 16 human human JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 11 17 resources resource NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 11 18 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 11 19 training training NN cord-281819-2roflnan 11 20 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 11 21 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 11 22 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 11 23 sensor sensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 11 24 hardware hardware NN cord-281819-2roflnan 11 25 are be VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 11 26 being be VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 11 27 discussed discuss VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 11 28 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 12 1 ABSTRACT ABSTRACT NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 12 2 : : : cord-281819-2roflnan 13 1 Despite despite IN cord-281819-2roflnan 13 2 recent recent JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 13 3 scientific scientific JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 13 4 advancements advancement NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 13 5 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 13 6 there there EX cord-281819-2roflnan 13 7 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 13 8 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 13 9 gap gap NN cord-281819-2roflnan 13 10 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 13 11 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 13 12 use use NN cord-281819-2roflnan 13 13 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 13 14 technology technology NN cord-281819-2roflnan 13 15 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 13 16 measure measure VB cord-281819-2roflnan 13 17 signals signal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 13 18 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 13 19 behaviors behavior NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 13 20 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 13 21 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 13 22 processes process NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 13 23 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 13 24 adaptation adaptation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 13 25 physiology physiology NN cord-281819-2roflnan 13 26 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 13 27 farm farm NN cord-281819-2roflnan 13 28 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 13 29 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 14 1 Sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 14 2 present present VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 14 3 exciting exciting JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 14 4 opportunities opportunity NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 14 5 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 14 6 sustained sustained JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 14 7 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 14 8 real real JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 14 9 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 14 10 time time NN cord-281819-2roflnan 14 11 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 14 12 non non JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 14 13 - - JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 14 14 intrusive intrusive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 14 15 measurement measurement NN cord-281819-2roflnan 14 16 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 14 17 farm farm NN cord-281819-2roflnan 14 18 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 14 19 behavioral behavioral JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 14 20 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 14 21 mental mental JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 14 22 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 14 23 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 14 24 physiological physiological JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 14 25 parameters parameter NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 14 26 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 14 27 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 14 28 integration integration NN cord-281819-2roflnan 14 29 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 14 30 nanotechnology nanotechnology NN cord-281819-2roflnan 14 31 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 14 32 instrumentation instrumentation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 14 33 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 15 1 This this DT cord-281819-2roflnan 15 2 paper paper NN cord-281819-2roflnan 15 3 critically critically RB cord-281819-2roflnan 15 4 reviews review VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 15 5 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 15 6 sensing sensing NN cord-281819-2roflnan 15 7 technology technology NN cord-281819-2roflnan 15 8 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 15 9 sensor sensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 15 10 data data NN cord-281819-2roflnan 15 11 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 15 12 based base VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 15 13 models model NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 15 14 used use VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 15 15 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 15 16 explore explore VB cord-281819-2roflnan 15 17 biological biological JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 15 18 systems system NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 15 19 such such JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 15 20 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 15 21 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 15 22 behavior behavior NN cord-281819-2roflnan 15 23 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 15 24 energy energy NN cord-281819-2roflnan 15 25 metabolism metabolism NN cord-281819-2roflnan 15 26 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 15 27 epidemiology epidemiology NN cord-281819-2roflnan 15 28 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 15 29 immunity immunity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 15 30 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 15 31 health health NN cord-281819-2roflnan 15 32 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 15 33 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 15 34 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 15 35 reproduction reproduction NN cord-281819-2roflnan 15 36 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 16 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 16 2 use use NN cord-281819-2roflnan 16 3 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 16 4 sensor sensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 16 5 technology technology NN cord-281819-2roflnan 16 6 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 16 7 assess assess VB cord-281819-2roflnan 16 8 physiological physiological JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 16 9 parameters parameter NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 16 10 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 16 11 provide provide VB cord-281819-2roflnan 16 12 tremendous tremendous JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 16 13 benefits benefit NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 16 14 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 16 15 tools tool NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 16 16 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 16 17 overcome overcome VB cord-281819-2roflnan 16 18 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 16 19 minimize minimize VB cord-281819-2roflnan 16 20 production production NN cord-281819-2roflnan 16 21 losses loss NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 16 22 while while IN cord-281819-2roflnan 16 23 making make VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 16 24 positive positive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 16 25 contributions contribution NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 16 26 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 16 27 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 16 28 welfare welfare NN cord-281819-2roflnan 16 29 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 17 1 Of of RB cord-281819-2roflnan 17 2 course course RB cord-281819-2roflnan 17 3 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 17 4 sensor sensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 17 5 technology technology NN cord-281819-2roflnan 17 6 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 17 7 not not RB cord-281819-2roflnan 17 8 free free JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 17 9 from from IN cord-281819-2roflnan 17 10 challenges challenge NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 17 11 ; ; : cord-281819-2roflnan 17 12 these these DT cord-281819-2roflnan 17 13 devices device NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 17 14 are be VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 17 15 at at IN cord-281819-2roflnan 17 16 times time NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 17 17 highly highly RB cord-281819-2roflnan 17 18 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 17 19 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 17 20 prone prone JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 17 21 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 17 22 damage damage NN cord-281819-2roflnan 17 23 from from IN cord-281819-2roflnan 17 24 dirt dirt NN cord-281819-2roflnan 17 25 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 17 26 dust dust NN cord-281819-2roflnan 17 27 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 17 28 sunlight sunlight NN cord-281819-2roflnan 17 29 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 17 30 color color NN cord-281819-2roflnan 17 31 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 17 32 fur fur NN cord-281819-2roflnan 17 33 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 17 34 feathers feather NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 17 35 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 17 36 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 17 37 environmental environmental JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 17 38 forces force NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 17 39 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 18 1 Rural rural JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 18 2 farmers farmer NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 18 3 unfamiliar unfamiliar JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 18 4 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 18 5 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 18 6 technologies technology NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 18 7 must must MD cord-281819-2roflnan 18 8 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 18 9 convinced convince VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 18 10 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 18 11 taught teach VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 18 12 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 18 13 use use VB cord-281819-2roflnan 18 14 sensor sensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 18 15 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 18 16 based base VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 18 17 technologies technology NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 18 18 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 18 19 farming farming NN cord-281819-2roflnan 18 20 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 18 21 livestock livestock NN cord-281819-2roflnan 18 22 management management NN cord-281819-2roflnan 18 23 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 19 1 While while IN cord-281819-2roflnan 19 2 there there EX cord-281819-2roflnan 19 3 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 19 4 no no DT cord-281819-2roflnan 19 5 doubt doubt NN cord-281819-2roflnan 19 6 that that IN cord-281819-2roflnan 19 7 demand demand NN cord-281819-2roflnan 19 8 will will MD cord-281819-2roflnan 19 9 grow grow VB cord-281819-2roflnan 19 10 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 19 11 non non JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 19 12 - - JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 19 13 invasive invasive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 19 14 sensor sensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 19 15 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 19 16 based base VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 19 17 technologies technology NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 19 18 that that WDT cord-281819-2roflnan 19 19 require require VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 19 20 minimum minimum JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 19 21 contact contact NN cord-281819-2roflnan 19 22 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 19 23 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 19 24 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 19 25 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 19 26 provide provide VB cord-281819-2roflnan 19 27 remote remote JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 19 28 access access NN cord-281819-2roflnan 19 29 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 19 30 data datum NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 19 31 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 19 32 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-281819-2roflnan 19 33 true true JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 19 34 success success NN cord-281819-2roflnan 19 35 lies lie VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 19 36 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 19 37 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 19 38 acceptance acceptance NN cord-281819-2roflnan 19 39 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 19 40 these these DT cord-281819-2roflnan 19 41 technologies technology NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 19 42 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 19 43 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 19 44 livestock livestock NN cord-281819-2roflnan 19 45 industry industry NN cord-281819-2roflnan 19 46 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 20 1 Adaptation adaptation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 20 2 physiology physiology NN cord-281819-2roflnan 20 3 or or CC cord-281819-2roflnan 20 4 acclimatization acclimatization NN cord-281819-2roflnan 20 5 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 20 6 defined define VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 20 7 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 20 8 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 20 9 individual individual JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 20 10 organism organism NN cord-281819-2roflnan 20 11 's 's POS cord-281819-2roflnan 20 12 biological biological JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 20 13 response response NN cord-281819-2roflnan 20 14 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 20 15 environmental environmental JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 20 16 stress stress NN cord-281819-2roflnan 20 17 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 21 1 Adaptation adaptation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 21 2 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 21 3 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 21 4 broadly broadly RB cord-281819-2roflnan 21 5 classified classify VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 21 6 into into IN cord-281819-2roflnan 21 7 genetic genetic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 21 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 21 9 generational generational JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 21 10 or or CC cord-281819-2roflnan 21 11 long long JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 21 12 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 21 13 term term NN cord-281819-2roflnan 21 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 21 15 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 21 16 non non JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 21 17 - - JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 21 18 genetic genetic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 21 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 21 20 phenotypic phenotypic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 21 21 or or CC cord-281819-2roflnan 21 22 short short JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 21 23 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 21 24 term term NN cord-281819-2roflnan 21 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 21 26 responses response NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 21 27 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 21 28 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 21 29 stressor stressor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 21 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 21 31 1 1 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 21 32 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 21 33 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 22 1 Under under IN cord-281819-2roflnan 22 2 chronic chronic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 22 3 Animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 22 4 2020 2020 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 22 5 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 22 6 10 10 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 22 7 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 22 8 1512 1512 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 22 9 2 2 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 22 10 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 22 11 24 24 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 22 12 stress stress NN cord-281819-2roflnan 22 13 experienced experience VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 22 14 over over IN cord-281819-2roflnan 22 15 several several JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 22 16 generations generation NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 22 17 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 22 18 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 22 19 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 22 20 's 's POS cord-281819-2roflnan 22 21 acclimatization acclimatization NN cord-281819-2roflnan 22 22 response response NN cord-281819-2roflnan 22 23 becomes become VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 22 24 genetically genetically RB cord-281819-2roflnan 22 25 " " `` cord-281819-2roflnan 22 26 fixed fix VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 22 27 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 22 28 " " '' cord-281819-2roflnan 22 29 making make VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 22 30 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 22 31 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 22 32 adapted adapt VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 22 33 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 22 34 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-281819-2roflnan 22 35 environment environment NN cord-281819-2roflnan 22 36 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 23 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 23 2 physiological physiological JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 23 3 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 23 4 behavioral behavioral JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 23 5 processes process NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 23 6 adopted adopt VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 23 7 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 23 8 farm farm NN cord-281819-2roflnan 23 9 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 23 10 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 23 11 response response NN cord-281819-2roflnan 23 12 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 23 13 environmental environmental JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 23 14 changes change NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 23 15 are be VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 23 16 not not RB cord-281819-2roflnan 23 17 only only RB cord-281819-2roflnan 23 18 crucial crucial JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 23 19 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 23 20 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-281819-2roflnan 23 21 survival survival NN cord-281819-2roflnan 23 22 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 23 23 but but CC cord-281819-2roflnan 23 24 frequently frequently RB cord-281819-2roflnan 23 25 also also RB cord-281819-2roflnan 23 26 affect affect VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 23 27 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 23 28 profitability profitability NN cord-281819-2roflnan 23 29 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 23 30 productivity productivity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 23 31 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 23 32 livestock livestock NN cord-281819-2roflnan 23 33 systems system NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 23 34 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 24 1 " " `` cord-281819-2roflnan 24 2 Farm farm NN cord-281819-2roflnan 24 3 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 24 4 " " '' cord-281819-2roflnan 24 5 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 24 6 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 24 7 term term NN cord-281819-2roflnan 24 8 used use VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 24 9 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 24 10 describe describe VB cord-281819-2roflnan 24 11 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 24 12 group group NN cord-281819-2roflnan 24 13 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 24 14 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 24 15 housed house VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 24 16 together together RB cord-281819-2roflnan 24 17 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 24 18 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 24 19 barn barn NN cord-281819-2roflnan 24 20 or or CC cord-281819-2roflnan 24 21 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 24 22 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 24 23 husbandry husbandry NN cord-281819-2roflnan 24 24 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 25 1 These these DT cord-281819-2roflnan 25 2 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 25 3 are be VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 25 4 typically typically RB cord-281819-2roflnan 25 5 raised raise VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 25 6 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 25 7 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 25 8 commercial commercial JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 25 9 utility utility NN cord-281819-2roflnan 25 10 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 25 11 produce produce NN cord-281819-2roflnan 25 12 such such JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 25 13 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 25 14 dairy dairy NN cord-281819-2roflnan 25 15 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 25 16 leather leather NN cord-281819-2roflnan 25 17 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 25 18 meat meat NN cord-281819-2roflnan 25 19 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 25 20 eggs egg NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 25 21 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 25 22 wool wool NN cord-281819-2roflnan 25 23 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 25 24 etc etc FW cord-281819-2roflnan 25 25 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 26 1 Livestock livestock NN cord-281819-2roflnan 26 2 must must MD cord-281819-2roflnan 26 3 face face VB cord-281819-2roflnan 26 4 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 26 5 multipronged multipronge VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 26 6 challenge challenge NN cord-281819-2roflnan 26 7 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 26 8 physical physical JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 26 9 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 26 10 chemical chemical NN cord-281819-2roflnan 26 11 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 26 12 nutritional nutritional JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 26 13 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 26 14 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 26 15 thermal thermal JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 26 16 stress stress NN cord-281819-2roflnan 26 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 26 18 2 2 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 26 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 26 20 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 27 1 Stressors stressor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 27 2 or or CC cord-281819-2roflnan 27 3 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 27 4 challenges challenge NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 27 5 are be VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 27 6 several several JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 27 7 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 27 8 may may MD cord-281819-2roflnan 27 9 or or CC cord-281819-2roflnan 27 10 may may MD cord-281819-2roflnan 27 11 not not RB cord-281819-2roflnan 27 12 have have VB cord-281819-2roflnan 27 13 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 27 14 direct direct JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 27 15 influence influence NN cord-281819-2roflnan 27 16 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 27 17 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 27 18 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 27 19 performance performance NN cord-281819-2roflnan 27 20 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 28 1 Factors factor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 28 2 that that WDT cord-281819-2roflnan 28 3 act act VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 28 4 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 28 5 stressors stressor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 28 6 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 28 7 thereby thereby RB cord-281819-2roflnan 28 8 influence influence VB cord-281819-2roflnan 28 9 livestock livestock NN cord-281819-2roflnan 28 10 productivity productivity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 28 11 include include VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 28 12 age age NN cord-281819-2roflnan 28 13 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 28 14 breed breed NN cord-281819-2roflnan 28 15 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 28 16 geographical geographical JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 28 17 location location NN cord-281819-2roflnan 28 18 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 28 19 water water NN cord-281819-2roflnan 28 20 availability availability NN cord-281819-2roflnan 28 21 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 28 22 nutrient nutrient NN cord-281819-2roflnan 28 23 availability availability NN cord-281819-2roflnan 28 24 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 28 25 photoperiod photoperiod NN cord-281819-2roflnan 28 26 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 28 27 environmental environmental JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 28 28 conditions condition NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 28 29 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 28 30 interactions interaction NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 28 31 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 28 32 humans human NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 28 33 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 28 34 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 28 35 management management NN cord-281819-2roflnan 28 36 practices practice NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 28 37 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 28 38 3 3 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 28 39 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 28 40 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 29 1 Stressors stressor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 29 2 trigger trigger VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 29 3 physiological physiological JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 29 4 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 29 5 that that WDT cord-281819-2roflnan 29 6 allow allow VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 29 7 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 29 8 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 29 9 maintain maintain VB cord-281819-2roflnan 29 10 physical physical JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 29 11 equilibrium equilibrium NN cord-281819-2roflnan 29 12 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 29 13 homeostasis homeostasis NN cord-281819-2roflnan 29 14 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 29 15 4 4 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 29 16 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 29 17 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 30 1 Farm farm NN cord-281819-2roflnan 30 2 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 30 3 respond respond VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 30 4 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 30 5 environmental environmental JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 30 6 stressors stressor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 30 7 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 30 8 altering alter VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 30 9 physiological physiological JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 30 10 parameters parameter NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 30 11 like like IN cord-281819-2roflnan 30 12 rectal rectal JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 30 13 temperature temperature NN cord-281819-2roflnan 30 14 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 30 15 respiration respiration NN cord-281819-2roflnan 30 16 rate rate NN cord-281819-2roflnan 30 17 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 30 18 drooling drool VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 30 19 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 30 20 panting pant VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 30 21 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 30 22 sweating sweating NN cord-281819-2roflnan 30 23 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 30 24 heart heart NN cord-281819-2roflnan 30 25 rate rate NN cord-281819-2roflnan 30 26 variability variability NN cord-281819-2roflnan 30 27 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 30 28 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 30 29 decreased decrease VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 30 30 feed feed NN cord-281819-2roflnan 30 31 intake intake NN cord-281819-2roflnan 30 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 30 33 5 5 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 30 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 30 35 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 31 1 In in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 31 2 order order NN cord-281819-2roflnan 31 3 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 31 4 determine determine VB cord-281819-2roflnan 31 5 which which WDT cord-281819-2roflnan 31 6 technological technological JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 31 7 advances advance NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 31 8 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 31 9 improve improve VB cord-281819-2roflnan 31 10 both both DT cord-281819-2roflnan 31 11 livestock livestock NN cord-281819-2roflnan 31 12 productivity productivity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 31 13 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 31 14 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 31 15 welfare welfare NN cord-281819-2roflnan 31 16 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 31 17 it -PRON- PRP cord-281819-2roflnan 31 18 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 31 19 crucial crucial JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 31 20 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 31 21 measure measure VB cord-281819-2roflnan 31 22 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 31 23 physiological physiological JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 31 24 parameters parameter NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 31 25 or or CC cord-281819-2roflnan 31 26 adaptation adaptation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 31 27 physiology physiology NN cord-281819-2roflnan 31 28 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 31 29 farm farm NN cord-281819-2roflnan 31 30 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 31 31 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 32 1 This this DT cord-281819-2roflnan 32 2 emphasis emphasis NN cord-281819-2roflnan 32 3 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 32 4 measurement measurement NN cord-281819-2roflnan 32 5 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 32 6 driving drive VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 32 7 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 32 8 development development NN cord-281819-2roflnan 32 9 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 32 10 specific specific JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 32 11 sensor sensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 32 12 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 32 13 based base VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 32 14 technologies technology NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 32 15 that that WDT cord-281819-2roflnan 32 16 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 32 17 monitor monitor VB cord-281819-2roflnan 32 18 these these DT cord-281819-2roflnan 32 19 physiological physiological JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 32 20 changes change NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 32 21 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 33 1 Quantitation quantitation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 33 2 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 33 3 stressors stressor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 33 4 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 33 5 farm farm NN cord-281819-2roflnan 33 6 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 33 7 often often RB cord-281819-2roflnan 33 8 involves involve VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 33 9 invasive invasive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 33 10 techniques technique NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 33 11 that that WDT cord-281819-2roflnan 33 12 require require VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 33 13 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 33 14 restraint restraint NN cord-281819-2roflnan 33 15 or or CC cord-281819-2roflnan 33 16 close close JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 33 17 contact contact NN cord-281819-2roflnan 33 18 between between IN cord-281819-2roflnan 33 19 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 33 20 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 33 21 humans human NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 33 22 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 33 23 which which WDT cord-281819-2roflnan 33 24 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 33 25 increase increase VB cord-281819-2roflnan 33 26 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 33 27 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 33 28 ' ' POS cord-281819-2roflnan 33 29 stress stress NN cord-281819-2roflnan 33 30 levels level NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 33 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 33 32 6 6 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 33 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 33 34 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 34 1 These these DT cord-281819-2roflnan 34 2 techniques technique NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 34 3 are be VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 34 4 also also RB cord-281819-2roflnan 34 5 time time NN cord-281819-2roflnan 34 6 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 34 7 consuming consume VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 34 8 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 34 9 subjective subjective JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 34 10 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 34 11 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 34 12 labor labor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 34 13 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 34 14 intensive intensive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 34 15 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 34 16 making make VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 34 17 them -PRON- PRP cord-281819-2roflnan 34 18 unsuitable unsuitable JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 34 19 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 34 20 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 34 21 rational rational JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 34 22 evaluation evaluation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 34 23 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 34 24 stress stress NN cord-281819-2roflnan 34 25 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 34 26 farm farm NN cord-281819-2roflnan 34 27 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 34 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 34 29 7 7 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 34 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 34 31 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 35 1 Smart smart JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 35 2 systems system NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 35 3 such such JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 35 4 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 35 5 sensor sensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 35 6 technology technology NN cord-281819-2roflnan 35 7 play play VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 35 8 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 35 9 important important JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 35 10 economic economic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 35 11 role role NN cord-281819-2roflnan 35 12 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 35 13 this this DT cord-281819-2roflnan 35 14 area area NN cord-281819-2roflnan 35 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 35 16 8 8 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 35 17 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 35 18 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 35 19 offering offer VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 35 20 considerable considerable JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 35 21 long long JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 35 22 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 35 23 term term NN cord-281819-2roflnan 35 24 financial financial JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 35 25 advantages advantage NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 35 26 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 36 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 36 2 economic economic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 36 3 welfare welfare NN cord-281819-2roflnan 36 4 modelling modelling NN cord-281819-2roflnan 36 5 framework framework NN cord-281819-2roflnan 36 6 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 36 7 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 36 8 powerful powerful JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 36 9 tool tool NN cord-281819-2roflnan 36 10 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 36 11 reinforcing reinforce VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 36 12 policy policy NN cord-281819-2roflnan 36 13 decision decision NN cord-281819-2roflnan 36 14 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 36 15 making making NN cord-281819-2roflnan 36 16 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 36 17 appraising appraise VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 36 18 alternate alternate JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 36 19 scenarios scenario NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 36 20 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 36 21 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 36 22 diseases disease NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 36 23 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 37 1 Sensing sensing NN cord-281819-2roflnan 37 2 platforms platform NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 37 3 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 37 4 tools tool NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 37 5 are be VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 37 6 helpful helpful JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 37 7 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 37 8 disease disease NN cord-281819-2roflnan 37 9 prevention prevention NN cord-281819-2roflnan 37 10 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 37 11 control control NN cord-281819-2roflnan 37 12 strategies strategy NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 37 13 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 37 14 giving give VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 37 15 them -PRON- PRP cord-281819-2roflnan 37 16 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 37 17 important important JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 37 18 role role NN cord-281819-2roflnan 37 19 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 37 20 advancing advance VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 37 21 public public JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 37 22 health health NN cord-281819-2roflnan 37 23 policy policy NN cord-281819-2roflnan 37 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 37 25 9 9 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 37 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 37 27 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 38 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 38 2 economic economic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 38 3 impact impact NN cord-281819-2roflnan 38 4 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 38 5 livestock livestock NN cord-281819-2roflnan 38 6 disease disease NN cord-281819-2roflnan 38 7 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 38 8 wide wide RB cord-281819-2roflnan 38 9 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 38 10 reaching reach VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 38 11 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 38 12 multifaceted multifacete VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 38 13 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 38 14 direct direct JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 38 15 costs cost NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 38 16 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 38 17 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 38 18 disease disease NN cord-281819-2roflnan 38 19 include include VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 38 20 production production NN cord-281819-2roflnan 38 21 losses loss NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 38 22 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 38 23 addition addition NN cord-281819-2roflnan 38 24 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 38 25 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 38 26 costs cost NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 38 27 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 38 28 treatment treatment NN cord-281819-2roflnan 38 29 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 38 30 preventative preventative JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 38 31 care care NN cord-281819-2roflnan 38 32 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 39 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-281819-2roflnan 39 2 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 39 3 sick sick JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 39 4 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 39 5 have have VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 39 6 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 39 7 lower low JJR cord-281819-2roflnan 39 8 economic economic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 39 9 value value NN cord-281819-2roflnan 39 10 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 40 1 Common common JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 40 2 treatment treatment NN cord-281819-2roflnan 40 3 practices practice NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 40 4 have have VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 40 5 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 40 6 critical critical JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 40 7 financial financial JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 40 8 impact impact NN cord-281819-2roflnan 40 9 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 40 10 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 40 11 farmers farmer NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 40 12 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 40 13 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 40 14 impact impact VB cord-281819-2roflnan 40 15 long long JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 40 16 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 40 17 term term NN cord-281819-2roflnan 40 18 herd herd NN cord-281819-2roflnan 40 19 structure structure NN cord-281819-2roflnan 40 20 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 40 21 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 40 22 consequence consequence NN cord-281819-2roflnan 40 23 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 40 24 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 40 25 outbreak outbreak NN cord-281819-2roflnan 40 26 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 41 1 In in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 41 2 terms term NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 41 3 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 41 4 production production NN cord-281819-2roflnan 41 5 parameters parameter NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 41 6 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 41 7 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 41 8 estimated estimate VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 41 9 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 41 10 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 41 11 previous previous JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 41 12 study study NN cord-281819-2roflnan 41 13 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 41 14 10 10 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 41 15 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 41 16 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 41 17 milk milk NN cord-281819-2roflnan 41 18 production production NN cord-281819-2roflnan 41 19 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 41 20 cattle cattle NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 41 21 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 41 22 Lumpy lumpy JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 41 23 skin skin NN cord-281819-2roflnan 41 24 disease disease NN cord-281819-2roflnan 41 25 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 41 26 reduced reduce VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 41 27 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 41 28 up up IN cord-281819-2roflnan 41 29 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 41 30 65 65 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 41 31 % % NN cord-281819-2roflnan 41 32 during during IN cord-281819-2roflnan 41 33 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 41 34 acute acute JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 41 35 phase phase NN cord-281819-2roflnan 41 36 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 41 37 35 35 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 41 38 % % NN cord-281819-2roflnan 41 39 upon upon IN cord-281819-2roflnan 41 40 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 41 41 cattle cattle NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 41 42 recover recover VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 41 43 from from IN cord-281819-2roflnan 41 44 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 41 45 disease disease NN cord-281819-2roflnan 41 46 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 41 47 revealing reveal VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 41 48 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 41 49 disease disease NN cord-281819-2roflnan 41 50 's 's POS cord-281819-2roflnan 41 51 protracted protract VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 41 52 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 41 53 marked mark VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 41 54 negative negative JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 41 55 impacts impact NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 41 56 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 42 1 These these DT cord-281819-2roflnan 42 2 economic economic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 42 3 losses loss NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 42 4 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 42 5 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 42 6 largely largely RB cord-281819-2roflnan 42 7 avoided avoid VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 42 8 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 42 9 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 42 10 implementation implementation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 42 11 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 42 12 integration integration NN cord-281819-2roflnan 42 13 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 42 14 remote remote JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 42 15 sensor sensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 42 16 technology technology NN cord-281819-2roflnan 42 17 or or CC cord-281819-2roflnan 42 18 automated automate VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 42 19 technologies technology NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 42 20 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 42 21 agricultural agricultural JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 42 22 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 42 23 livestock livestock NN cord-281819-2roflnan 42 24 practices practice NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 42 25 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 43 1 Livestock livestock NN cord-281819-2roflnan 43 2 welfare welfare NN cord-281819-2roflnan 43 3 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 43 4 farms farm NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 43 5 remains remain VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 43 6 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 43 7 major major JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 43 8 concern concern NN cord-281819-2roflnan 43 9 ; ; : cord-281819-2roflnan 43 10 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 43 11 order order NN cord-281819-2roflnan 43 12 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 43 13 protect protect VB cord-281819-2roflnan 43 14 livestock livestock NN cord-281819-2roflnan 43 15 from from IN cord-281819-2roflnan 43 16 poor poor JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 43 17 welfare welfare NN cord-281819-2roflnan 43 18 situations situation NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 43 19 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 43 20 it -PRON- PRP cord-281819-2roflnan 43 21 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 43 22 imperative imperative JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 43 23 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 43 24 interpret interpret VB cord-281819-2roflnan 43 25 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-281819-2roflnan 43 26 behavior behavior NN cord-281819-2roflnan 43 27 as as RB cord-281819-2roflnan 43 28 well well RB cord-281819-2roflnan 43 29 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 43 30 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-281819-2roflnan 43 31 cognitive cognitive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 43 32 needs need NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 43 33 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 43 34 capacities capacity NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 43 35 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 43 36 11 11 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 43 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 43 38 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 44 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 44 2 recent recent JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 44 3 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 44 4 pandemic pandemic NN cord-281819-2roflnan 44 5 particularly particularly RB cord-281819-2roflnan 44 6 demands demand VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 44 7 minimal minimal JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 44 8 contact contact NN cord-281819-2roflnan 44 9 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 44 10 farm farm NN cord-281819-2roflnan 44 11 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 44 12 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 44 13 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 44 14 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 44 15 current current JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 44 16 situation situation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 44 17 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 44 18 only only RB cord-281819-2roflnan 44 19 expected expect VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 44 20 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 44 21 increase increase VB cord-281819-2roflnan 44 22 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 44 23 demand demand NN cord-281819-2roflnan 44 24 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 44 25 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 44 26 use use NN cord-281819-2roflnan 44 27 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 44 28 sensor sensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 44 29 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 44 30 based base VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 44 31 technologies technology NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 44 32 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 44 33 processes process NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 44 34 that that WDT cord-281819-2roflnan 44 35 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 44 36 protect protect VB cord-281819-2roflnan 44 37 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 44 38 health health NN cord-281819-2roflnan 44 39 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 44 40 both both DT cord-281819-2roflnan 44 41 farm farm NN cord-281819-2roflnan 44 42 personnel personnel NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 44 43 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 44 44 livestock livestock NN cord-281819-2roflnan 44 45 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 45 1 Driven drive VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 45 2 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 45 3 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 45 4 interest interest NN cord-281819-2roflnan 45 5 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 45 6 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 45 7 welfare welfare NN cord-281819-2roflnan 45 8 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 45 9 research research NN cord-281819-2roflnan 45 10 has have VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 45 11 gathered gather VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 45 12 speed speed NN cord-281819-2roflnan 45 13 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 45 14 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 45 15 development development NN cord-281819-2roflnan 45 16 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 45 17 new new JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 45 18 sensing sensing NN cord-281819-2roflnan 45 19 approaches approach NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 45 20 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 45 21 biosensing biosense VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 45 22 methods method NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 45 23 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 45 24 non non JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 45 25 - - JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 45 26 invasive invasive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 45 27 assessment assessment NN cord-281819-2roflnan 45 28 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 45 29 physiological physiological JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 45 30 stress stress NN cord-281819-2roflnan 45 31 response response NN cord-281819-2roflnan 45 32 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 45 33 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 45 34 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 45 35 12 12 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 45 36 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 45 37 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 46 1 For for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 46 2 instance instance NN cord-281819-2roflnan 46 3 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 46 4 remote remote JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 46 5 sensing sensing NN cord-281819-2roflnan 46 6 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 46 7 based base VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 46 8 technologies technology NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 46 9 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 46 10 image image NN cord-281819-2roflnan 46 11 processing processing NN cord-281819-2roflnan 46 12 are be VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 46 13 being be VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 46 14 widely widely RB cord-281819-2roflnan 46 15 researched research VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 46 16 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 46 17 aid aid VB cord-281819-2roflnan 46 18 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 46 19 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 46 20 detection detection NN cord-281819-2roflnan 46 21 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 46 22 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 46 23 health health NN cord-281819-2roflnan 46 24 problems problem NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 46 25 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 46 26 stress stress NN cord-281819-2roflnan 46 27 levels level NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 46 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 46 29 13 13 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 46 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 46 31 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 47 1 With with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 47 2 respect respect NN cord-281819-2roflnan 47 3 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 47 4 assessing assess VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 47 5 adaptation adaptation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 47 6 physiology physiology NN cord-281819-2roflnan 47 7 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 47 8 farm farm NN cord-281819-2roflnan 47 9 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 47 10 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 47 11 sensor sensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 47 12 technology technology NN cord-281819-2roflnan 47 13 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 47 14 considered consider VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 47 15 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 47 16 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 47 17 pivotal pivotal JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 47 18 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 47 19 it -PRON- PRP cord-281819-2roflnan 47 20 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 47 21 assist assist VB cord-281819-2roflnan 47 22 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 47 23 acquiring acquire VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 47 24 time time NN cord-281819-2roflnan 47 25 series series NN cord-281819-2roflnan 47 26 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 47 27 behavioral behavioral JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 47 28 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 47 29 physiological physiological JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 47 30 data datum NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 47 31 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 48 1 These these DT cord-281819-2roflnan 48 2 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 48 3 include include VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 48 4 biosensors biosensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 48 5 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 48 6 wearable wearable JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 48 7 technologies technology NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 48 8 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 48 9 which which WDT cord-281819-2roflnan 48 10 are be VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 48 11 based base VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 48 12 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 48 13 advanced advanced JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 48 14 statistical statistical JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 48 15 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 48 16 computer computer NN cord-281819-2roflnan 48 17 science science NN cord-281819-2roflnan 48 18 methods method NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 48 19 that that WDT cord-281819-2roflnan 48 20 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 48 21 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 48 22 used use VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 48 23 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 48 24 predict predict VB cord-281819-2roflnan 48 25 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 48 26 assess assess VB cord-281819-2roflnan 48 27 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 48 28 responses response NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 48 29 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 48 30 resilience resilience NN cord-281819-2roflnan 48 31 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 48 32 farm farm NN cord-281819-2roflnan 48 33 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 48 34 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 49 1 Automated automated JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 49 2 remote remote JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 49 3 monitoring monitoring NN cord-281819-2roflnan 49 4 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 49 5 detection detection NN cord-281819-2roflnan 49 6 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 49 7 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 49 8 welfare welfare NN cord-281819-2roflnan 49 9 indicating indicate VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 49 10 parameters parameter NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 49 11 using use VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 49 12 real real JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 49 13 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 49 14 time time NN cord-281819-2roflnan 49 15 analysis analysis NN cord-281819-2roflnan 49 16 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 49 17 sounds sound NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 49 18 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 49 19 images image NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 49 20 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 49 21 videos video NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 49 22 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 49 23 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 49 24 data datum NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 49 25 tracking tracking NN cord-281819-2roflnan 49 26 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 49 27 body body NN cord-281819-2roflnan 49 28 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 49 29 body body NN cord-281819-2roflnan 49 30 weight weight NN cord-281819-2roflnan 49 31 conditions condition NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 49 32 may may MD cord-281819-2roflnan 49 33 improve improve VB cord-281819-2roflnan 49 34 biological biological JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 49 35 metrics metric NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 49 36 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 49 37 livestock livestock NN cord-281819-2roflnan 49 38 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 49 39 14 14 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 49 40 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 49 41 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 50 1 Remote remote JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 50 2 sensor sensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 50 3 devices device NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 50 4 such such JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 50 5 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 50 6 microphones microphone NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 50 7 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 50 8 cameras camera NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 50 9 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 50 10 accelerometers accelerometer NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 50 11 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 50 12 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 50 13 thermometers thermometer NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 50 14 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 50 15 provide provide VB cord-281819-2roflnan 50 16 credible credible JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 50 17 information information NN cord-281819-2roflnan 50 18 when when WRB cord-281819-2roflnan 50 19 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-281819-2roflnan 50 20 data datum NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 50 21 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 50 22 merged merge VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 50 23 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 50 24 individual individual JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 50 25 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 50 26 identification identification NN cord-281819-2roflnan 50 27 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 50 28 referenced reference VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 50 29 observations observation NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 50 30 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 50 31 incorporated incorporate VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 50 32 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 50 33 algorithms algorithm NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 50 34 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 50 35 15 15 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 50 36 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 50 37 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 51 1 Sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 51 2 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 51 3 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 51 4 health health NN cord-281819-2roflnan 51 5 management management NN cord-281819-2roflnan 51 6 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 51 7 help help VB cord-281819-2roflnan 51 8 facilitate facilitate VB cord-281819-2roflnan 51 9 timely timely JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 51 10 diagnosis diagnosis NN cord-281819-2roflnan 51 11 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 51 12 follow follow VB cord-281819-2roflnan 51 13 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 51 14 up up RP cord-281819-2roflnan 51 15 treatment treatment NN cord-281819-2roflnan 51 16 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 51 17 sick sick JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 51 18 farm farm NN cord-281819-2roflnan 51 19 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 51 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 51 21 16 16 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 51 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 51 23 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 52 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 52 2 use use NN cord-281819-2roflnan 52 3 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 52 4 sensor sensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 52 5 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 52 6 based base VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 52 7 technologies technology NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 52 8 enables enable VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 52 9 early early JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 52 10 identification identification NN cord-281819-2roflnan 52 11 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 52 12 disease disease NN cord-281819-2roflnan 52 13 symptoms symptom NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 52 14 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 52 15 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 52 16 disease disease NN cord-281819-2roflnan 52 17 management management NN cord-281819-2roflnan 52 18 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 52 19 minimizing minimize VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 52 20 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 52 21 economic economic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 52 22 losses loss NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 52 23 associated associate VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 52 24 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 52 25 infection infection NN cord-281819-2roflnan 52 26 spread spread VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 52 27 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 52 28 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 52 29 herd herd NN cord-281819-2roflnan 52 30 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 53 1 These these DT cord-281819-2roflnan 53 2 are be VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 53 3 vital vital JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 53 4 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 53 5 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 53 6 survival survival NN cord-281819-2roflnan 53 7 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 53 8 any any DT cord-281819-2roflnan 53 9 business business NN cord-281819-2roflnan 53 10 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 53 11 17 17 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 53 12 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 53 13 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 54 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-281819-2roflnan 54 2 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 54 3 these these DT cord-281819-2roflnan 54 4 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 54 5 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 54 6 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 54 7 linked link VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 54 8 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 54 9 cell cell NN cord-281819-2roflnan 54 10 phones phone NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 54 11 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 54 12 other other JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 54 13 mobile mobile JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 54 14 devices device NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 54 15 so so IN cord-281819-2roflnan 54 16 that that IN cord-281819-2roflnan 54 17 data datum NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 54 18 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 54 19 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 54 20 analyzed analyze VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 54 21 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 54 22 recorded record VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 54 23 automatically automatically RB cord-281819-2roflnan 54 24 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 54 25 remotely remotely RB cord-281819-2roflnan 54 26 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 55 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 55 2 aim aim NN cord-281819-2roflnan 55 3 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 55 4 this this DT cord-281819-2roflnan 55 5 paper paper NN cord-281819-2roflnan 55 6 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 55 7 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 55 8 critically critically RB cord-281819-2roflnan 55 9 review review VB cord-281819-2roflnan 55 10 sensor sensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 55 11 technologies technology NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 55 12 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 55 13 assessment assessment NN cord-281819-2roflnan 55 14 tools tool NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 55 15 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 55 16 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 55 17 adaptation adaptation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 55 18 physiology physiology NN cord-281819-2roflnan 55 19 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 55 20 farm farm NN cord-281819-2roflnan 55 21 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 55 22 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 55 23 explore explore VB cord-281819-2roflnan 55 24 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-281819-2roflnan 55 25 advantages advantage NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 55 26 over over IN cord-281819-2roflnan 55 27 traditional traditional JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 55 28 measurement measurement NN cord-281819-2roflnan 55 29 methods method NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 55 30 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 56 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-281819-2roflnan 56 2 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 56 3 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 56 4 review review NN cord-281819-2roflnan 56 5 aims aim VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 56 6 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 56 7 highlight highlight VB cord-281819-2roflnan 56 8 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 56 9 challenges challenge NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 56 10 involved involve VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 56 11 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 56 12 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 56 13 deployment deployment NN cord-281819-2roflnan 56 14 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 56 15 sensing sensing NN cord-281819-2roflnan 56 16 technologies technology NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 56 17 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 56 18 especially especially RB cord-281819-2roflnan 56 19 regarding regard VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 56 20 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-281819-2roflnan 56 21 applicability applicability NN cord-281819-2roflnan 56 22 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 56 23 farm farm NN cord-281819-2roflnan 56 24 settings setting NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 56 25 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 57 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 57 2 literature literature NN cord-281819-2roflnan 57 3 cited cite VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 57 4 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 57 5 this this DT cord-281819-2roflnan 57 6 paper paper NN cord-281819-2roflnan 57 7 were be VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 57 8 collected collect VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 57 9 using use VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 57 10 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 57 11 Google Google NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 57 12 scholar scholar NN cord-281819-2roflnan 57 13 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 57 14 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 57 15 Web web NN cord-281819-2roflnan 57 16 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 57 17 Science science NN cord-281819-2roflnan 57 18 tools tool NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 57 19 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 58 1 To to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 58 2 showcase showcase VB cord-281819-2roflnan 58 3 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 58 4 leading leading JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 58 5 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 58 6 edge edge NN cord-281819-2roflnan 58 7 research research NN cord-281819-2roflnan 58 8 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 58 9 this this DT cord-281819-2roflnan 58 10 field field NN cord-281819-2roflnan 58 11 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 58 12 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 58 13 ensure ensure VB cord-281819-2roflnan 58 14 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 58 15 recency recency NN cord-281819-2roflnan 58 16 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 58 17 narrow narrow VB cord-281819-2roflnan 58 18 down down RP cord-281819-2roflnan 58 19 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 58 20 search search NN cord-281819-2roflnan 58 21 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 58 22 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 58 23 author author NN cord-281819-2roflnan 58 24 restricted restrict VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 58 25 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 58 26 search search NN cord-281819-2roflnan 58 27 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 58 28 papers paper NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 58 29 published publish VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 58 30 only only RB cord-281819-2roflnan 58 31 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 58 32 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 58 33 past past JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 58 34 5 5 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 58 35 years year NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 58 36 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 59 1 Keywords keyword NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 59 2 used use VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 59 3 were be VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 59 4 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 59 5 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 59 6 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 59 7 ; ; : cord-281819-2roflnan 59 8 livestock livestock NN cord-281819-2roflnan 59 9 wearables wearable NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 59 10 ; ; , cord-281819-2roflnan 59 11 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 59 12 physiology physiology NN cord-281819-2roflnan 59 13 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 59 14 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 59 15 ; ; : cord-281819-2roflnan 59 16 farm farm NN cord-281819-2roflnan 59 17 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 59 18 sensing sensing NN cord-281819-2roflnan 59 19 technology technology NN cord-281819-2roflnan 59 20 ; ; : cord-281819-2roflnan 59 21 facial facial JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 59 22 recognition recognition NN cord-281819-2roflnan 59 23 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 59 24 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 59 25 ; ; : cord-281819-2roflnan 59 26 precision precision NN cord-281819-2roflnan 59 27 livestock livestock NN cord-281819-2roflnan 59 28 farming farming NN cord-281819-2roflnan 59 29 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 59 30 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 59 31 ; ; : cord-281819-2roflnan 59 32 adaptation adaptation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 59 33 physiology physiology NN cord-281819-2roflnan 59 34 measurement measurement NN cord-281819-2roflnan 59 35 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 60 1 Both both DT cord-281819-2roflnan 60 2 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 60 3 Boolean boolean JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 60 4 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 60 5 individual individual JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 60 6 searches search NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 60 7 were be VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 60 8 conducted conduct VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 60 9 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 60 10 part part NN cord-281819-2roflnan 60 11 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 60 12 this this DT cord-281819-2roflnan 60 13 study study NN cord-281819-2roflnan 60 14 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 61 1 Dairy dairy NN cord-281819-2roflnan 61 2 cattle cattle NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 61 3 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 61 4 pigs pig NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 61 5 / / SYM cord-281819-2roflnan 61 6 swine swine NN cord-281819-2roflnan 61 7 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 61 8 chicken chicken NN cord-281819-2roflnan 61 9 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 61 10 poultry poultry NN cord-281819-2roflnan 61 11 birds bird NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 61 12 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 61 13 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 61 14 sheep sheep NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 61 15 were be VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 61 16 primarily primarily RB cord-281819-2roflnan 61 17 focused focus VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 61 18 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 61 19 part part NN cord-281819-2roflnan 61 20 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 61 21 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 61 22 consideration consideration NN cord-281819-2roflnan 61 23 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 61 24 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 61 25 common common JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 61 26 livestock livestock NN cord-281819-2roflnan 61 27 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 62 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 62 2 number number NN cord-281819-2roflnan 62 3 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 62 4 papers paper NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 62 5 cited cite VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 62 6 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 62 7 this this DT cord-281819-2roflnan 62 8 review review NN cord-281819-2roflnan 62 9 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 62 10 143 143 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 62 11 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 62 12 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 62 13 36 36 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 62 14 that that WDT cord-281819-2roflnan 62 15 were be VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 62 16 published publish VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 62 17 before before IN cord-281819-2roflnan 62 18 2015 2015 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 62 19 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 63 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 63 2 papers paper NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 63 3 published publish VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 63 4 before before IN cord-281819-2roflnan 63 5 2015 2015 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 63 6 were be VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 63 7 included include VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 63 8 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 63 9 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 63 10 information information NN cord-281819-2roflnan 63 11 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 63 12 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 63 13 sensing sensing NN cord-281819-2roflnan 63 14 technologies technology NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 63 15 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 63 16 farm farm NN cord-281819-2roflnan 63 17 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 63 18 were be VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 63 19 scant scant JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 63 20 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 63 21 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 63 22 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 63 23 emphasize emphasize VB cord-281819-2roflnan 63 24 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 63 25 content content NN cord-281819-2roflnan 63 26 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 63 27 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 63 28 need need NN cord-281819-2roflnan 63 29 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 63 30 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 63 31 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 63 32 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 63 33 adaptation adaptation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 63 34 physiology physiology NN cord-281819-2roflnan 63 35 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 63 36 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 63 37 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 64 1 Precision Precision NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 64 2 Livestock Livestock NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 64 3 Farming Farming NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 64 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 64 5 PLF PLF NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 64 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 64 7 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 64 8 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 64 9 tool tool NN cord-281819-2roflnan 64 10 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 64 11 active active JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 64 12 livestock livestock NN cord-281819-2roflnan 64 13 management management NN cord-281819-2roflnan 64 14 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 64 15 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 64 16 focus focus NN cord-281819-2roflnan 64 17 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 64 18 improving improve VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 64 19 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 64 20 welfare welfare NN cord-281819-2roflnan 64 21 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 64 22 health health NN cord-281819-2roflnan 64 23 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 64 24 enhancing enhance VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 64 25 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 64 26 economic economic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 64 27 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 64 28 social social JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 64 29 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 64 30 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 64 31 environmental environmental JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 64 32 sustainability sustainability NN cord-281819-2roflnan 64 33 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 64 34 livestock livestock NN cord-281819-2roflnan 64 35 farming farming NN cord-281819-2roflnan 64 36 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 65 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 65 2 importance importance NN cord-281819-2roflnan 65 3 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 65 4 well well RB cord-281819-2roflnan 65 5 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 65 6 managed manage VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 65 7 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 65 8 welfare welfare NN cord-281819-2roflnan 65 9 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 65 10 not not RB cord-281819-2roflnan 65 11 limited limit VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 65 12 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 65 13 ethical ethical JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 65 14 viewpoints viewpoint NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 65 15 ; ; : cord-281819-2roflnan 65 16 it -PRON- PRP cord-281819-2roflnan 65 17 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 65 18 also also RB cord-281819-2roflnan 65 19 crucial crucial JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 65 20 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 65 21 realize realize VB cord-281819-2roflnan 65 22 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 65 23 more more RBR cord-281819-2roflnan 65 24 efficient efficient JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 65 25 process process NN cord-281819-2roflnan 65 26 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 65 27 producing produce VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 65 28 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 65 29 products product NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 65 30 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 66 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 66 2 metabolic metabolic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 66 3 energy energy NN cord-281819-2roflnan 66 4 balance balance NN cord-281819-2roflnan 66 5 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 66 6 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 66 7 homeothermic homeothermic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 66 8 living live VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 66 9 organism organism NN cord-281819-2roflnan 66 10 includes include VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 66 11 several several JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 66 12 different different JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 66 13 components component NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 66 14 : : : cord-281819-2roflnan 66 15 basal basal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 66 16 metabolism metabolism NN cord-281819-2roflnan 66 17 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 66 18 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 66 19 thermal thermal JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 66 20 component component NN cord-281819-2roflnan 66 21 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 66 22 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 66 23 physical physical JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 66 24 component component NN cord-281819-2roflnan 66 25 related relate VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 66 26 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 66 27 movement movement NN cord-281819-2roflnan 66 28 or or CC cord-281819-2roflnan 66 29 delivering deliver VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 66 30 power power NN cord-281819-2roflnan 66 31 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 66 32 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 66 33 production production NN cord-281819-2roflnan 66 34 term term NN cord-281819-2roflnan 66 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 66 36 meat meat NN cord-281819-2roflnan 66 37 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 66 38 milk milk NN cord-281819-2roflnan 66 39 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 66 40 eggs egg NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 66 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 66 42 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 66 43 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 66 44 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 66 45 mental mental JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 66 46 component component NN cord-281819-2roflnan 66 47 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 67 1 When when WRB cord-281819-2roflnan 67 2 applying apply VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 67 3 stress stress NN cord-281819-2roflnan 67 4 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 67 5 monitoring monitor VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 67 6 techniques technique NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 67 7 originally originally RB cord-281819-2roflnan 67 8 developed develop VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 67 9 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 67 10 humans human NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 67 11 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 67 12 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 67 13 frustration frustration NN cord-281819-2roflnan 67 14 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 67 15 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 67 16 monitored monitor VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 67 17 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 67 18 real real JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 67 19 time time NN cord-281819-2roflnan 67 20 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 68 1 This this DT cord-281819-2roflnan 68 2 indicates indicate VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 68 3 that that IN cord-281819-2roflnan 68 4 real real JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 68 5 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 68 6 time time NN cord-281819-2roflnan 68 7 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 68 8 welfare welfare NN cord-281819-2roflnan 68 9 monitoring monitoring NN cord-281819-2roflnan 68 10 based base VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 68 11 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 68 12 physiological physiological JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 68 13 signals signal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 68 14 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 68 15 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 68 16 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 68 17 fact fact NN cord-281819-2roflnan 68 18 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 68 19 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 68 20 realistic realistic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 68 21 pathway pathway NN cord-281819-2roflnan 68 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 68 23 Figure figure NN cord-281819-2roflnan 68 24 1 1 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 68 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 68 26 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 69 1 Parameters parameter NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 69 2 such such JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 69 3 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 69 4 temperature temperature NN cord-281819-2roflnan 69 5 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 69 6 heart heart NN cord-281819-2roflnan 69 7 rate rate NN cord-281819-2roflnan 69 8 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 69 9 peripheral peripheral JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 69 10 vasodilation vasodilation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 69 11 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 69 12 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 69 13 rate rate NN cord-281819-2roflnan 69 14 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 69 15 sweat sweat NN cord-281819-2roflnan 69 16 production production NN cord-281819-2roflnan 69 17 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 69 18 basal basal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 69 19 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 69 20 energetic energetic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 69 21 metabolisms metabolism NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 69 22 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 69 23 feed feed NN cord-281819-2roflnan 69 24 intake intake NN cord-281819-2roflnan 69 25 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 69 26 diseased diseased JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 69 27 conditions condition NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 69 28 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 69 29 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 69 30 sound sound VB cord-281819-2roflnan 69 31 all all DT cord-281819-2roflnan 69 32 respond respond NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 69 33 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 69 34 stressful stressful JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 69 35 conditions condition NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 69 36 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 69 37 16 16 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 69 38 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 69 39 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 70 1 Farmers farmer NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 70 2 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 70 3 more more RBR cord-281819-2roflnan 70 4 quickly quickly RB cord-281819-2roflnan 70 5 detect detect VB cord-281819-2roflnan 70 6 livestock livestock NN cord-281819-2roflnan 70 7 health health NN cord-281819-2roflnan 70 8 problems problem NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 70 9 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 70 10 evaluating evaluate VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 70 11 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-281819-2roflnan 70 12 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 70 13 ' ' POS cord-281819-2roflnan 70 14 physiological physiological JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 70 15 responses response NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 70 16 via via IN cord-281819-2roflnan 70 17 measurements measurement NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 70 18 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 70 19 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 70 20 temperature temperature NN cord-281819-2roflnan 70 21 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 70 22 body body NN cord-281819-2roflnan 70 23 parts part NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 70 24 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 70 25 respiration respiration NN cord-281819-2roflnan 70 26 rate rate NN cord-281819-2roflnan 70 27 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 70 28 heart heart NN cord-281819-2roflnan 70 29 rate rate NN cord-281819-2roflnan 70 30 variability variability NN cord-281819-2roflnan 70 31 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 70 32 body body NN cord-281819-2roflnan 70 33 weight weight NN cord-281819-2roflnan 70 34 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 70 35 feed feed NN cord-281819-2roflnan 70 36 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 70 37 emotions emotion NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 70 38 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 70 39 non non JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 70 40 - - JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 70 41 invasive invasive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 70 42 biomarkers biomarker NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 70 43 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 70 44 water water NN cord-281819-2roflnan 70 45 intake intake NN cord-281819-2roflnan 70 46 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 70 47 activity activity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 70 48 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 70 49 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 70 50 movement movement NN cord-281819-2roflnan 70 51 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 71 1 An an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 71 2 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 71 3 's 's POS cord-281819-2roflnan 71 4 ability ability NN cord-281819-2roflnan 71 5 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 71 6 maintain maintain VB cord-281819-2roflnan 71 7 homeothermy homeothermy NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 71 8 indicates indicate VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 71 9 that that IN cord-281819-2roflnan 71 10 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 71 11 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 71 12 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 71 13 better well RBR cord-281819-2roflnan 71 14 adapted adapt VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 71 15 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 71 16 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 71 17 climatic climatic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 71 18 variations variation NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 71 19 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 71 20 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-281819-2roflnan 71 21 environment environment NN cord-281819-2roflnan 71 22 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 72 1 Tolerance tolerance NN cord-281819-2roflnan 72 2 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 72 3 higher high JJR cord-281819-2roflnan 72 4 temperatures temperature NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 72 5 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 72 6 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 72 7 instance instance NN cord-281819-2roflnan 72 8 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 72 9 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 72 10 identified identify VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 72 11 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 72 12 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 72 13 ' ' POS cord-281819-2roflnan 72 14 capability capability NN cord-281819-2roflnan 72 15 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 72 16 dissipate dissipate VB cord-281819-2roflnan 72 17 excess excess JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 72 18 body body NN cord-281819-2roflnan 72 19 heat heat NN cord-281819-2roflnan 72 20 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 72 21 keep keep VB cord-281819-2roflnan 72 22 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-281819-2roflnan 72 23 standard standard JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 72 24 body body NN cord-281819-2roflnan 72 25 temperature temperature NN cord-281819-2roflnan 72 26 within within IN cord-281819-2roflnan 72 27 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 72 28 limits limit NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 72 29 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 72 30 homeothermy homeothermy NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 72 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 72 32 3 3 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 72 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 72 34 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 73 1 For for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 73 2 this this DT cord-281819-2roflnan 73 3 reason reason NN cord-281819-2roflnan 73 4 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 73 5 monitoring monitor VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 73 6 changes change NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 73 7 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 73 8 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 73 9 ' ' POS cord-281819-2roflnan 73 10 body body NN cord-281819-2roflnan 73 11 temperature temperature NN cord-281819-2roflnan 73 12 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 73 13 help help VB cord-281819-2roflnan 73 14 determine determine VB cord-281819-2roflnan 73 15 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-281819-2roflnan 73 16 physiological physiological JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 73 17 stress stress NN cord-281819-2roflnan 73 18 responses response NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 73 19 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 73 20 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-281819-2roflnan 73 21 environment environment NN cord-281819-2roflnan 73 22 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 74 1 As as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 74 2 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 74 3 example example NN cord-281819-2roflnan 74 4 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 74 5 it -PRON- PRP cord-281819-2roflnan 74 6 has have VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 74 7 been be VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 74 8 shown show VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 74 9 that that IN cord-281819-2roflnan 74 10 broilers broiler NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 74 11 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 74 12 high high JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 74 13 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 74 14 medium medium JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 74 15 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 74 16 density density NN cord-281819-2roflnan 74 17 housing housing NN cord-281819-2roflnan 74 18 have have VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 74 19 higher high JJR cord-281819-2roflnan 74 20 body body NN cord-281819-2roflnan 74 21 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 74 22 wing wing NN cord-281819-2roflnan 74 23 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 74 24 head head NN cord-281819-2roflnan 74 25 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 74 26 neck neck NN cord-281819-2roflnan 74 27 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 74 28 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 74 29 skin skin NN cord-281819-2roflnan 74 30 temperatures temperature NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 74 31 than than IN cord-281819-2roflnan 74 32 those those DT cord-281819-2roflnan 74 33 housed house VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 74 34 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 74 35 lower low JJR cord-281819-2roflnan 74 36 densities density NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 74 37 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 74 38 18 18 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 74 39 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 74 40 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 75 1 These these DT cord-281819-2roflnan 75 2 results result NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 75 3 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 75 4 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 75 5 used use VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 75 6 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 75 7 estimate estimate VB cord-281819-2roflnan 75 8 potential potential JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 75 9 stressors stressor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 75 10 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 75 11 farm farm NN cord-281819-2roflnan 75 12 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 75 13 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 76 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 76 2 cloacal cloacal JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 76 3 temperature temperature NN cord-281819-2roflnan 76 4 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 76 5 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 76 6 bird bird NN cord-281819-2roflnan 76 7 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 76 8 typically typically RB cord-281819-2roflnan 76 9 measured measure VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 76 10 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 76 11 inserting insert VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 76 12 digital digital JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 76 13 thermometer thermometer NN cord-281819-2roflnan 76 14 into into IN cord-281819-2roflnan 76 15 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 76 16 bird bird NN cord-281819-2roflnan 76 17 's 's POS cord-281819-2roflnan 76 18 cloaca cloaca NN cord-281819-2roflnan 76 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 76 20 19 19 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 76 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 76 22 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 77 1 This this DT cord-281819-2roflnan 77 2 invasive invasive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 77 3 procedure procedure NN cord-281819-2roflnan 77 4 requires require VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 77 5 that that IN cord-281819-2roflnan 77 6 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 77 7 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 77 8 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 77 9 manually manually RB cord-281819-2roflnan 77 10 restrained restrain VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 77 11 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 77 12 handled handle VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 77 13 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 77 14 20 20 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 77 15 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 77 16 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 77 17 which which WDT cord-281819-2roflnan 77 18 would would MD cord-281819-2roflnan 77 19 lead lead VB cord-281819-2roflnan 77 20 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 77 21 stress stress NN cord-281819-2roflnan 77 22 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 77 23 induced induce VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 77 24 hyperthermia hyperthermia NN cord-281819-2roflnan 77 25 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 78 1 Shortcomings shortcoming NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 78 2 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 78 3 these these DT cord-281819-2roflnan 78 4 conventional conventional JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 78 5 temperature temperature NN cord-281819-2roflnan 78 6 measurement measurement NN cord-281819-2roflnan 78 7 methods method NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 78 8 make make VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 78 9 them -PRON- PRP cord-281819-2roflnan 78 10 not not RB cord-281819-2roflnan 78 11 practical practical JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 78 12 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 78 13 regular regular JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 78 14 heat heat NN cord-281819-2roflnan 78 15 stress stress NN cord-281819-2roflnan 78 16 monitoring monitor VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 78 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 78 18 21 21 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 78 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 78 20 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 79 1 For for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 79 2 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 79 3 accurate accurate JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 79 4 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 79 5 reliable reliable JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 79 6 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 79 7 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 79 8 continuous continuous JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 79 9 measurement measurement NN cord-281819-2roflnan 79 10 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 79 11 body body NN cord-281819-2roflnan 79 12 temperature temperature NN cord-281819-2roflnan 79 13 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 79 14 farmers farmer NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 79 15 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 79 16 deploy deploy VB cord-281819-2roflnan 79 17 biologgers biologger NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 79 18 such such JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 79 19 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 79 20 telemetry telemetry NN cord-281819-2roflnan 79 21 devices device NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 79 22 or or CC cord-281819-2roflnan 79 23 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 79 24 radio radio NN cord-281819-2roflnan 79 25 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 79 26 telemetry telemetry NN cord-281819-2roflnan 79 27 data datum NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 79 28 loggers logger NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 79 29 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 79 30 integrating integrate VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 79 31 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 79 32 halters halter NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 79 33 or or CC cord-281819-2roflnan 79 34 collar collar NN cord-281819-2roflnan 79 35 / / SYM cord-281819-2roflnan 79 36 leg leg NN cord-281819-2roflnan 79 37 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 79 38 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 79 39 larger large JJR cord-281819-2roflnan 79 40 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 79 41 such such JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 79 42 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 79 43 cows cow NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 79 44 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 79 45 pigs pig NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 79 46 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 79 47 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 79 48 horses horse NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 79 49 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 80 1 Body body NN cord-281819-2roflnan 80 2 temperature temperature NN cord-281819-2roflnan 80 3 measurement measurement NN cord-281819-2roflnan 80 4 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 80 5 thermal thermal JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 80 6 infrared infrared JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 80 7 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 80 8 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 80 9 considered consider VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 80 10 safer safe JJR cord-281819-2roflnan 80 11 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 80 12 more more RBR cord-281819-2roflnan 80 13 efficient efficient JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 80 14 than than IN cord-281819-2roflnan 80 15 conventional conventional JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 80 16 techniques technique NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 80 17 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 80 18 livestock livestock NN cord-281819-2roflnan 80 19 including include VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 80 20 broilers broiler NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 80 21 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 80 22 poultry poultry NN cord-281819-2roflnan 80 23 birds bird NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 80 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 80 25 22 22 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 80 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 80 27 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 81 1 Infrared infrared JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 81 2 thermometry thermometry NN cord-281819-2roflnan 81 3 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 81 4 non non JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 81 5 - - JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 81 6 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 81 7 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 81 8 nature nature NN cord-281819-2roflnan 81 9 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 81 10 which which WDT cord-281819-2roflnan 81 11 makes make VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 81 12 it -PRON- PRP cord-281819-2roflnan 81 13 suitable suitable JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 81 14 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 81 15 assessing assess VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 81 16 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 81 17 stress stress NN cord-281819-2roflnan 81 18 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 82 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-281819-2roflnan 82 2 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 82 3 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 82 4 use use NN cord-281819-2roflnan 82 5 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 82 6 digital digital JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 82 7 thermography thermography NN cord-281819-2roflnan 82 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 82 9 thermographic thermographic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 82 10 camera camera NN cord-281819-2roflnan 82 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 82 12 makes make VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 82 13 it -PRON- PRP cord-281819-2roflnan 82 14 possible possible JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 82 15 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 82 16 detect detect VB cord-281819-2roflnan 82 17 even even RB cord-281819-2roflnan 82 18 minimal minimal JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 82 19 temperature temperature NN cord-281819-2roflnan 82 20 variations variation NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 82 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 82 22 23 23 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 82 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 82 24 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 83 1 Animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 83 2 2020 2020 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 83 3 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 83 4 10 10 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 83 5 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 83 6 x x SYM cord-281819-2roflnan 83 7 4 4 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 83 8 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 83 9 24 24 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 83 10 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 83 11 limits limit NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 83 12 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 83 13 homeothermy homeothermy NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 83 14 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 83 15 3 3 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 83 16 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 83 17 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 84 1 For for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 84 2 this this DT cord-281819-2roflnan 84 3 reason reason NN cord-281819-2roflnan 84 4 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 84 5 monitoring monitor VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 84 6 changes change NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 84 7 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 84 8 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 84 9 ' ' POS cord-281819-2roflnan 84 10 body body NN cord-281819-2roflnan 84 11 temperature temperature NN cord-281819-2roflnan 84 12 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 84 13 help help VB cord-281819-2roflnan 84 14 determine determine VB cord-281819-2roflnan 84 15 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-281819-2roflnan 84 16 physiological physiological JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 84 17 stress stress NN cord-281819-2roflnan 84 18 responses response NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 84 19 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 84 20 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-281819-2roflnan 84 21 environment environment NN cord-281819-2roflnan 84 22 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 85 1 As as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 85 2 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 85 3 example example NN cord-281819-2roflnan 85 4 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 85 5 it -PRON- PRP cord-281819-2roflnan 85 6 has have VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 85 7 been be VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 85 8 shown show VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 85 9 that that IN cord-281819-2roflnan 85 10 broilers broiler NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 85 11 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 85 12 high high JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 85 13 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 85 14 medium medium JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 85 15 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 85 16 density density NN cord-281819-2roflnan 85 17 housing housing NN cord-281819-2roflnan 85 18 have have VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 85 19 higher high JJR cord-281819-2roflnan 85 20 body body NN cord-281819-2roflnan 85 21 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 85 22 wing wing NN cord-281819-2roflnan 85 23 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 85 24 head head NN cord-281819-2roflnan 85 25 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 85 26 neck neck NN cord-281819-2roflnan 85 27 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 85 28 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 85 29 skin skin NN cord-281819-2roflnan 85 30 temperatures temperature NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 85 31 than than IN cord-281819-2roflnan 85 32 those those DT cord-281819-2roflnan 85 33 housed house VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 85 34 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 85 35 lower low JJR cord-281819-2roflnan 85 36 densities density NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 85 37 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 85 38 18 18 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 85 39 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 85 40 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 86 1 These these DT cord-281819-2roflnan 86 2 results result NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 86 3 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 86 4 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 86 5 used use VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 86 6 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 86 7 estimate estimate VB cord-281819-2roflnan 86 8 potential potential JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 86 9 stressors stressor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 86 10 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 86 11 farm farm NN cord-281819-2roflnan 86 12 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 86 13 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 87 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 87 2 cloacal cloacal JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 87 3 temperature temperature NN cord-281819-2roflnan 87 4 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 87 5 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 87 6 bird bird NN cord-281819-2roflnan 87 7 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 87 8 typically typically RB cord-281819-2roflnan 87 9 measured measure VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 87 10 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 87 11 inserting insert VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 87 12 digital digital JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 87 13 thermometer thermometer NN cord-281819-2roflnan 87 14 into into IN cord-281819-2roflnan 87 15 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 87 16 bird bird NN cord-281819-2roflnan 87 17 's 's POS cord-281819-2roflnan 87 18 cloaca cloaca NN cord-281819-2roflnan 87 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 87 20 19 19 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 87 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 87 22 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 88 1 This this DT cord-281819-2roflnan 88 2 invasive invasive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 88 3 procedure procedure NN cord-281819-2roflnan 88 4 requires require VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 88 5 that that IN cord-281819-2roflnan 88 6 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 88 7 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 88 8 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 88 9 manually manually RB cord-281819-2roflnan 88 10 restrained restrain VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 88 11 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 88 12 handled handle VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 88 13 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 88 14 20 20 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 88 15 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 88 16 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 88 17 which which WDT cord-281819-2roflnan 88 18 would would MD cord-281819-2roflnan 88 19 lead lead VB cord-281819-2roflnan 88 20 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 88 21 stress stress NN cord-281819-2roflnan 88 22 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 88 23 induced induce VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 88 24 hyperthermia hyperthermia NN cord-281819-2roflnan 88 25 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 89 1 Shortcomings shortcoming NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 89 2 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 89 3 these these DT cord-281819-2roflnan 89 4 conventional conventional JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 89 5 temperature temperature NN cord-281819-2roflnan 89 6 measurement measurement NN cord-281819-2roflnan 89 7 methods method NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 89 8 make make VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 89 9 them -PRON- PRP cord-281819-2roflnan 89 10 not not RB cord-281819-2roflnan 89 11 practical practical JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 89 12 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 89 13 regular regular JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 89 14 heat heat NN cord-281819-2roflnan 89 15 stress stress NN cord-281819-2roflnan 89 16 monitoring monitor VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 89 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 89 18 21 21 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 89 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 89 20 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 90 1 For for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 90 2 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 90 3 accurate accurate JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 90 4 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 90 5 reliable reliable JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 90 6 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 90 7 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 90 8 continuous continuous JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 90 9 measurement measurement NN cord-281819-2roflnan 90 10 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 90 11 body body NN cord-281819-2roflnan 90 12 temperature temperature NN cord-281819-2roflnan 90 13 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 90 14 farmers farmer NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 90 15 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 90 16 deploy deploy VB cord-281819-2roflnan 90 17 biologgers biologger NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 90 18 such such JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 90 19 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 90 20 telemetry telemetry NN cord-281819-2roflnan 90 21 devices device NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 90 22 or or CC cord-281819-2roflnan 90 23 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 90 24 radio radio NN cord-281819-2roflnan 90 25 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 90 26 telemetry telemetry NN cord-281819-2roflnan 90 27 data datum NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 90 28 loggers logger NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 90 29 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 90 30 integrating integrate VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 90 31 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 90 32 halters halter NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 90 33 or or CC cord-281819-2roflnan 90 34 collar collar NN cord-281819-2roflnan 90 35 / / SYM cord-281819-2roflnan 90 36 leg leg NN cord-281819-2roflnan 90 37 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 90 38 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 90 39 larger large JJR cord-281819-2roflnan 90 40 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 90 41 such such JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 90 42 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 90 43 cows cow NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 90 44 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 90 45 pigs pig NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 90 46 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 90 47 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 90 48 horses horse NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 90 49 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 91 1 Body body NN cord-281819-2roflnan 91 2 temperature temperature NN cord-281819-2roflnan 91 3 measurement measurement NN cord-281819-2roflnan 91 4 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 91 5 thermal thermal JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 91 6 infrared infrared JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 91 7 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 91 8 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 91 9 considered consider VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 91 10 safer safe JJR cord-281819-2roflnan 91 11 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 91 12 more more RBR cord-281819-2roflnan 91 13 efficient efficient JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 91 14 than than IN cord-281819-2roflnan 91 15 conventional conventional JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 91 16 techniques technique NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 91 17 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 91 18 livestock livestock NN cord-281819-2roflnan 91 19 including include VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 91 20 broilers broiler NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 91 21 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 91 22 poultry poultry NN cord-281819-2roflnan 91 23 birds bird NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 91 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 91 25 22 22 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 91 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 91 27 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 92 1 Infrared infrared JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 92 2 thermometry thermometry NN cord-281819-2roflnan 92 3 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 92 4 non non JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 92 5 - - JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 92 6 obstructive obstructive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 92 7 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 92 8 nature nature NN cord-281819-2roflnan 92 9 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 92 10 which which WDT cord-281819-2roflnan 92 11 makes make VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 92 12 it -PRON- PRP cord-281819-2roflnan 92 13 suitable suitable JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 92 14 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 92 15 assessing assess VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 92 16 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 92 17 stress stress NN cord-281819-2roflnan 92 18 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 93 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-281819-2roflnan 93 2 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 93 3 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 93 4 use use NN cord-281819-2roflnan 93 5 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 93 6 digital digital JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 93 7 thermography thermography NN cord-281819-2roflnan 93 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 93 9 thermographic thermographic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 93 10 camera camera NN cord-281819-2roflnan 93 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 93 12 makes make VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 93 13 it -PRON- PRP cord-281819-2roflnan 93 14 possible possible JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 93 15 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 93 16 detect detect VB cord-281819-2roflnan 93 17 even even RB cord-281819-2roflnan 93 18 minimal minimal JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 93 19 temperature temperature NN cord-281819-2roflnan 93 20 variations variation NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 93 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 93 22 23 23 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 93 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 93 24 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 93 25 _SP cord-281819-2roflnan 94 1 Body body NN cord-281819-2roflnan 94 2 temperature temperature NN cord-281819-2roflnan 94 3 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 94 4 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 94 5 efficiently efficiently RB cord-281819-2roflnan 94 6 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 94 7 accurately accurately RB cord-281819-2roflnan 94 8 determined determine VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 94 9 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 94 10 non non JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 94 11 - - JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 94 12 invasive invasive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 94 13 infrared infrared JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 94 14 technique technique NN cord-281819-2roflnan 94 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 94 16 24 24 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 94 17 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 94 18 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 95 1 In in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 95 2 broilers broiler NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 95 3 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 95 4 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 95 5 instance instance NN cord-281819-2roflnan 95 6 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 95 7 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 95 8 temperature temperature NN cord-281819-2roflnan 95 9 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 95 10 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 95 11 region region NN cord-281819-2roflnan 95 12 around around IN cord-281819-2roflnan 95 13 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 95 14 eye eye NN cord-281819-2roflnan 95 15 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 95 16 considered consider VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 95 17 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 95 18 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 95 19 indicative indicative JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 95 20 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 95 21 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 95 22 total total JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 95 23 body body NN cord-281819-2roflnan 95 24 temperature temperature NN cord-281819-2roflnan 95 25 because because IN cord-281819-2roflnan 95 26 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 95 27 lack lack NN cord-281819-2roflnan 95 28 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 95 29 feather feather NN cord-281819-2roflnan 95 30 insulation insulation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 95 31 around around IN cord-281819-2roflnan 95 32 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 95 33 eye eye NN cord-281819-2roflnan 95 34 region region NN cord-281819-2roflnan 95 35 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 95 36 25 25 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 95 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 95 38 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 96 1 All all DT cord-281819-2roflnan 96 2 objects object NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 96 3 produce produce VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 96 4 radiant radiant JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 96 5 heat heat NN cord-281819-2roflnan 96 6 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 96 7 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 96 8 infrared infrared JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 96 9 region region NN cord-281819-2roflnan 96 10 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 96 11 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 96 12 electromagnetic electromagnetic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 96 13 spectrum spectrum NN cord-281819-2roflnan 96 14 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 97 1 As as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 97 2 bodies body NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 97 3 have have VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 97 4 temperatures temperature NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 97 5 above above IN cord-281819-2roflnan 97 6 absolute absolute JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 97 7 zero zero CD cord-281819-2roflnan 97 8 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 97 9 they -PRON- PRP cord-281819-2roflnan 97 10 emit emit VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 97 11 radiation radiation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 97 12 that that WDT cord-281819-2roflnan 97 13 forms form VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 97 14 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 97 15 electromagnetic electromagnetic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 97 16 spectrum spectrum NN cord-281819-2roflnan 97 17 that that WDT cord-281819-2roflnan 97 18 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 97 19 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 97 20 absorbed absorb VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 97 21 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 97 22 other other JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 97 23 surrounding surround VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 97 24 bodies body NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 97 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 97 26 26 26 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 97 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 97 28 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 98 1 Thermal thermal JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 98 2 infrared infrared NN cord-281819-2roflnan 98 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 98 4 TIR TIR NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 98 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 98 6 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 98 7 generate generate VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 98 8 these these DT cord-281819-2roflnan 98 9 images image NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 98 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 98 11 thermograms thermograms NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 98 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 98 13 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 98 14 capturing capture VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 98 15 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 98 16 infrared infrared JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 98 17 radiation radiation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 98 18 emitted emit VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 98 19 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 98 20 objects object NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 98 21 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 99 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 99 2 information information NN cord-281819-2roflnan 99 3 generated generate VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 99 4 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 99 5 these these DT cord-281819-2roflnan 99 6 images image NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 99 7 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 99 8 then then RB cord-281819-2roflnan 99 9 determined determine VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 99 10 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 99 11 algorithms algorithm NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 99 12 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 99 13 detect detect VB cord-281819-2roflnan 99 14 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 99 15 temperature temperature NN cord-281819-2roflnan 99 16 _SP cord-281819-2roflnan 99 17 Body Body NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 99 18 temperature temperature NN cord-281819-2roflnan 99 19 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 99 20 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 99 21 efficiently efficiently RB cord-281819-2roflnan 99 22 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 99 23 accurately accurately RB cord-281819-2roflnan 99 24 determined determine VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 99 25 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 99 26 non non JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 99 27 - - JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 99 28 invasive invasive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 99 29 infrared infrared JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 99 30 technique technique NN cord-281819-2roflnan 99 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 99 32 24 24 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 99 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 99 34 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 100 1 In in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 100 2 broilers broiler NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 100 3 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 100 4 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 100 5 instance instance NN cord-281819-2roflnan 100 6 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 100 7 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 100 8 temperature temperature NN cord-281819-2roflnan 100 9 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 100 10 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 100 11 region region NN cord-281819-2roflnan 100 12 around around IN cord-281819-2roflnan 100 13 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 100 14 eye eye NN cord-281819-2roflnan 100 15 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 100 16 considered consider VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 100 17 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 100 18 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 100 19 indicative indicative JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 100 20 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 100 21 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 100 22 total total JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 100 23 body body NN cord-281819-2roflnan 100 24 temperature temperature NN cord-281819-2roflnan 100 25 because because IN cord-281819-2roflnan 100 26 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 100 27 lack lack NN cord-281819-2roflnan 100 28 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 100 29 feather feather NN cord-281819-2roflnan 100 30 insulation insulation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 100 31 around around IN cord-281819-2roflnan 100 32 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 100 33 eye eye NN cord-281819-2roflnan 100 34 region region NN cord-281819-2roflnan 100 35 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 100 36 25 25 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 100 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 100 38 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 101 1 All all DT cord-281819-2roflnan 101 2 objects object NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 101 3 produce produce VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 101 4 radiant radiant JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 101 5 heat heat NN cord-281819-2roflnan 101 6 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 101 7 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 101 8 infrared infrared JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 101 9 region region NN cord-281819-2roflnan 101 10 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 101 11 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 101 12 electromagnetic electromagnetic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 101 13 spectrum spectrum NN cord-281819-2roflnan 101 14 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 102 1 As as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 102 2 bodies body NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 102 3 have have VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 102 4 temperatures temperature NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 102 5 above above IN cord-281819-2roflnan 102 6 absolute absolute JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 102 7 zero zero CD cord-281819-2roflnan 102 8 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 102 9 they -PRON- PRP cord-281819-2roflnan 102 10 emit emit VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 102 11 radiation radiation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 102 12 that that WDT cord-281819-2roflnan 102 13 forms form VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 102 14 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 102 15 electromagnetic electromagnetic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 102 16 spectrum spectrum NN cord-281819-2roflnan 102 17 that that WDT cord-281819-2roflnan 102 18 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 102 19 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 102 20 absorbed absorb VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 102 21 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 102 22 other other JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 102 23 surrounding surround VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 102 24 bodies body NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 102 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 102 26 26 26 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 102 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 102 28 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 103 1 Thermal thermal JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 103 2 infrared infrared NN cord-281819-2roflnan 103 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 103 4 TIR TIR NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 103 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 103 6 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 103 7 generate generate VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 103 8 these these DT cord-281819-2roflnan 103 9 images image NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 103 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 103 11 thermograms thermograms NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 103 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 103 13 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 103 14 capturing capture VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 103 15 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 103 16 infrared infrared JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 103 17 radiation radiation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 103 18 emitted emit VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 103 19 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 103 20 objects object NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 103 21 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 104 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 104 2 information information NN cord-281819-2roflnan 104 3 generated generate VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 104 4 Animals Animals NNPS cord-281819-2roflnan 104 5 2020 2020 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 104 6 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 104 7 10 10 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 104 8 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 104 9 1512 1512 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 104 10 5 5 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 104 11 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 104 12 24 24 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 104 13 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 104 14 these these DT cord-281819-2roflnan 104 15 images image NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 104 16 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 104 17 then then RB cord-281819-2roflnan 104 18 determined determine VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 104 19 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 104 20 algorithms algorithm NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 104 21 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 104 22 detect detect VB cord-281819-2roflnan 104 23 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 104 24 temperature temperature NN cord-281819-2roflnan 104 25 change change NN cord-281819-2roflnan 104 26 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 105 1 Thermographic thermographic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 105 2 images image NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 105 3 may may MD cord-281819-2roflnan 105 4 point point VB cord-281819-2roflnan 105 5 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 105 6 alterations alteration NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 105 7 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 105 8 blood blood NN cord-281819-2roflnan 105 9 flow flow NN cord-281819-2roflnan 105 10 resulting result VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 105 11 from from IN cord-281819-2roflnan 105 12 increased increase VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 105 13 body body NN cord-281819-2roflnan 105 14 temperature temperature NN cord-281819-2roflnan 105 15 due due IN cord-281819-2roflnan 105 16 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 105 17 stressful stressful JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 105 18 environmental environmental JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 105 19 conditions condition NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 105 20 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 106 1 These these DT cord-281819-2roflnan 106 2 changes change NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 106 3 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 106 4 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 106 5 related relate VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 106 6 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 106 7 blood blood NN cord-281819-2roflnan 106 8 flow flow NN cord-281819-2roflnan 106 9 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 106 10 heat heat NN cord-281819-2roflnan 106 11 transfer transfer NN cord-281819-2roflnan 106 12 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 106 13 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 106 14 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 106 15 26 26 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 106 16 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 106 17 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 107 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 107 2 temperature temperature NN cord-281819-2roflnan 107 3 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 107 4 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 107 5 eye eye NN cord-281819-2roflnan 107 6 area area NN cord-281819-2roflnan 107 7 measured measure VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 107 8 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 107 9 TIR TIR NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 107 10 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 107 11 has have VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 107 12 been be VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 107 13 shown show VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 107 14 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 107 15 correlate correlate VB cord-281819-2roflnan 107 16 significantly significantly RB cord-281819-2roflnan 107 17 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 107 18 changes change NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 107 19 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 107 20 core core NN cord-281819-2roflnan 107 21 body body NN cord-281819-2roflnan 107 22 temperature temperature NN cord-281819-2roflnan 107 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 107 24 6 6 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 107 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 107 26 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 108 1 Temperature temperature NN cord-281819-2roflnan 108 2 measurements measurement NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 108 3 from from IN cord-281819-2roflnan 108 4 different different JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 108 5 body body NN cord-281819-2roflnan 108 6 parts part NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 108 7 provide provide VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 108 8 information information NN cord-281819-2roflnan 108 9 about about IN cord-281819-2roflnan 108 10 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 108 11 health health NN cord-281819-2roflnan 108 12 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 108 13 allow allow VB cord-281819-2roflnan 108 14 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 108 15 timely timely JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 108 16 decision decision NN cord-281819-2roflnan 108 17 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 108 18 making making NN cord-281819-2roflnan 108 19 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 108 20 livestock livestock NN cord-281819-2roflnan 108 21 welfare welfare NN cord-281819-2roflnan 108 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 108 23 e.g. e.g. RB cord-281819-2roflnan 108 24 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 108 25 isolating isolate VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 108 26 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 108 27 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 108 28 higher high JJR cord-281819-2roflnan 108 29 body body NN cord-281819-2roflnan 108 30 temperature temperature NN cord-281819-2roflnan 108 31 or or CC cord-281819-2roflnan 108 32 managing manage VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 108 33 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 108 34 internal internal JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 108 35 temperatures temperature NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 108 36 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 108 37 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 108 38 housing housing NN cord-281819-2roflnan 108 39 units unit NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 108 40 ) ) -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 108 41 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 109 1 Respiratory respiratory JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 109 2 rate rate NN cord-281819-2roflnan 109 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 109 4 RR rr NN cord-281819-2roflnan 109 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 109 6 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 109 7 one one CD cord-281819-2roflnan 109 8 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 109 9 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 109 10 variables variable NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 109 11 used use VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 109 12 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 109 13 assess assess VB cord-281819-2roflnan 109 14 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 109 15 physiological physiological JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 109 16 adaptability adaptability NN cord-281819-2roflnan 109 17 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 109 18 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 109 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 109 20 27 27 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 109 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 109 22 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 110 1 In in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 110 2 response response NN cord-281819-2roflnan 110 3 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 110 4 alterations alteration NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 110 5 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 110 6 environment environment NN cord-281819-2roflnan 110 7 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 110 8 such such JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 110 9 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 110 10 transport transport NN cord-281819-2roflnan 110 11 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 110 12 cattle cattle NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 110 13 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 110 14 road road NN cord-281819-2roflnan 110 15 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 110 16 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 110 17 ' ' POS cord-281819-2roflnan 110 18 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 110 19 rates rate NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 110 20 increase increase VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 110 21 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 110 22 maintain maintain VB cord-281819-2roflnan 110 23 homeothermy homeothermy NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 110 24 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 111 1 Evaporation evaporation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 111 2 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 111 3 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 111 4 key key JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 111 5 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 111 6 response response NN cord-281819-2roflnan 111 7 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 111 8 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 111 9 body body NN cord-281819-2roflnan 111 10 temperature temperature NN cord-281819-2roflnan 111 11 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 111 12 27 27 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 111 13 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 111 14 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 112 1 RR RR NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 112 2 has have VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 112 3 been be VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 112 4 shown show VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 112 5 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 112 6 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 112 7 affected affect VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 112 8 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 112 9 high high JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 112 10 milk milk NN cord-281819-2roflnan 112 11 yield yield NN cord-281819-2roflnan 112 12 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 112 13 pregnancy pregnancy NN cord-281819-2roflnan 112 14 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 112 15 forced forced JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 112 16 activity activity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 112 17 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 112 18 excitement excitement NN cord-281819-2roflnan 112 19 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 112 20 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 112 21 pathological pathological JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 112 22 conditions condition NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 112 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 112 24 28 28 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 112 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 112 26 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 113 1 An an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 113 2 increased increased JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 113 3 RR rr NN cord-281819-2roflnan 113 4 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 113 5 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 113 6 significant significant JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 113 7 stress stress NN cord-281819-2roflnan 113 8 indicator indicator NN cord-281819-2roflnan 113 9 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 113 10 particularly particularly RB cord-281819-2roflnan 113 11 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 113 12 thermally thermally RB cord-281819-2roflnan 113 13 stressed stress VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 113 14 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 113 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 113 16 29 29 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 113 17 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 113 18 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 114 1 Thermal thermal JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 114 2 stress stress NN cord-281819-2roflnan 114 3 results result VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 114 4 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 114 5 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 114 6 reduction reduction NN cord-281819-2roflnan 114 7 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 114 8 milk milk NN cord-281819-2roflnan 114 9 production production NN cord-281819-2roflnan 114 10 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 114 11 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 114 12 fertility fertility NN cord-281819-2roflnan 114 13 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 114 14 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 114 15 general general JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 114 16 welfare welfare NN cord-281819-2roflnan 114 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 114 18 30 30 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 114 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 114 20 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 114 21 so so RB cord-281819-2roflnan 115 1 early early JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 115 2 detection detection NN cord-281819-2roflnan 115 3 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 115 4 alterations alteration NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 115 5 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 115 6 RR RR NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 115 7 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 115 8 help help VB cord-281819-2roflnan 115 9 farmers farmer NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 115 10 take take VB cord-281819-2roflnan 115 11 specific specific JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 115 12 measures measure NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 115 13 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 115 14 prevent prevent VB cord-281819-2roflnan 115 15 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 115 16 from from IN cord-281819-2roflnan 115 17 stress stress NN cord-281819-2roflnan 115 18 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 115 19 thereby thereby RB cord-281819-2roflnan 115 20 avoiding avoid VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 115 21 production production NN cord-281819-2roflnan 115 22 losses loss NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 115 23 while while IN cord-281819-2roflnan 115 24 addressing address VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 115 25 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 115 26 welfare welfare NN cord-281819-2roflnan 115 27 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 116 1 Visually visually RB cord-281819-2roflnan 116 2 counting count VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 116 3 flank flank NN cord-281819-2roflnan 116 4 movements movement NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 116 5 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 116 6 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 116 7 most most RBS cord-281819-2roflnan 116 8 common common JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 116 9 technique technique NN cord-281819-2roflnan 116 10 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 116 11 assessing assess VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 116 12 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 116 13 rates rate NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 116 14 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 116 15 cattle cattle NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 116 16 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 116 17 31 31 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 116 18 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 116 19 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 117 1 However however RB cord-281819-2roflnan 117 2 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 117 3 this this DT cord-281819-2roflnan 117 4 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 117 5 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 117 6 labor labor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 117 7 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 117 8 intensive intensive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 117 9 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 117 10 time time NN cord-281819-2roflnan 117 11 consuming consuming NN cord-281819-2roflnan 117 12 method method NN cord-281819-2roflnan 117 13 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 117 14 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 117 15 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 117 16 continuous continuous JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 117 17 assessment assessment NN cord-281819-2roflnan 117 18 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 117 19 RR rr NN cord-281819-2roflnan 117 20 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 117 21 long long JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 117 22 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 117 23 term term NN cord-281819-2roflnan 117 24 studies study NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 117 25 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 117 26 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 117 27 difficult difficult JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 117 28 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 117 29 physically physically RB cord-281819-2roflnan 117 30 demanding demanding JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 117 31 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 117 32 eventually eventually RB cord-281819-2roflnan 117 33 resulting result VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 117 34 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 117 35 miscounts miscount NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 117 36 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 117 37 28 28 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 117 38 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 117 39 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 118 1 Misinterpretation misinterpretation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 118 2 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 118 3 results result NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 118 4 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 118 5 also also RB cord-281819-2roflnan 118 6 occur occur VB cord-281819-2roflnan 118 7 from from IN cord-281819-2roflnan 118 8 nonspecific nonspecific JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 118 9 flank flank NN cord-281819-2roflnan 118 10 movements movement NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 118 11 that that WDT cord-281819-2roflnan 118 12 do do VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 118 13 not not RB cord-281819-2roflnan 118 14 arise arise VB cord-281819-2roflnan 118 15 from from IN cord-281819-2roflnan 118 16 respiration respiration NN cord-281819-2roflnan 118 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 118 18 32 32 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 118 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 118 20 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 119 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-281819-2roflnan 119 2 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 119 3 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 119 4 continuous continuous JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 119 5 presence presence NN cord-281819-2roflnan 119 6 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 119 7 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 119 8 person person NN cord-281819-2roflnan 119 9 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 119 10 cause cause VB cord-281819-2roflnan 119 11 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 119 12 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 119 13 stress stress VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 119 14 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 119 15 influence influence VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 119 16 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-281819-2roflnan 119 17 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 119 18 rates rate NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 119 19 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 119 20 misleading mislead VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 119 21 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 119 22 measurements measurement NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 119 23 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 120 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-281819-2roflnan 120 2 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 120 3 RR rr NN cord-281819-2roflnan 120 4 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 120 5 were be VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 120 6 introduced introduce VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 120 7 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 120 8 assess assess VB cord-281819-2roflnan 120 9 RR RR NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 120 10 without without IN cord-281819-2roflnan 120 11 causing cause VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 120 12 stress stress NN cord-281819-2roflnan 120 13 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 120 14 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 120 15 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 121 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 121 2 initial initial JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 121 3 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 121 4 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 121 5 tested test VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 121 6 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 121 7 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 121 8 were be VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 121 9 designed design VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 121 10 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 121 11 human human JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 121 12 application application NN cord-281819-2roflnan 121 13 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 122 1 These these DT cord-281819-2roflnan 122 2 devices device NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 122 3 consisted consist VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 122 4 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 122 5 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 122 6 belt belt NN cord-281819-2roflnan 122 7 attached attach VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 122 8 around around IN cord-281819-2roflnan 122 9 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 122 10 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 122 11 's 's POS cord-281819-2roflnan 122 12 chest chest NN cord-281819-2roflnan 122 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 122 14 similar similar JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 122 15 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 122 16 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 122 17 holter holter NN cord-281819-2roflnan 122 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 122 19 that that WDT cord-281819-2roflnan 122 20 measured measure VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 122 21 thoracic thoracic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 122 22 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 122 23 abdominal abdominal JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 122 24 movements movement NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 122 25 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 123 1 Another another DT cord-281819-2roflnan 123 2 system system NN cord-281819-2roflnan 123 3 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 123 4 monitor monitor VB cord-281819-2roflnan 123 5 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 123 6 rate rate NN cord-281819-2roflnan 123 7 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 123 8 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 123 9 laser laser NN cord-281819-2roflnan 123 10 distance distance NN cord-281819-2roflnan 123 11 sensor sensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 123 12 during during IN cord-281819-2roflnan 123 13 milking milk VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 123 14 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 123 15 33 33 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 123 16 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 123 17 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 124 1 Respiratory respiratory JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 124 2 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 124 3 have have VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 124 4 been be VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 124 5 reported report VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 124 6 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 124 7 accurately accurately RB cord-281819-2roflnan 124 8 monitor monitor VB cord-281819-2roflnan 124 9 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 124 10 rates rate NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 124 11 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 124 12 cattle cattle NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 124 13 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 124 14 28 28 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 124 15 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 124 16 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 125 1 Sweating sweating NN cord-281819-2roflnan 125 2 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 125 3 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 125 4 physiological physiological JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 125 5 mechanism mechanism NN cord-281819-2roflnan 125 6 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 125 7 regulate regulate VB cord-281819-2roflnan 125 8 body body NN cord-281819-2roflnan 125 9 surface surface NN cord-281819-2roflnan 125 10 temperature temperature NN cord-281819-2roflnan 125 11 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 126 1 Sweat sweat NN cord-281819-2roflnan 126 2 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 126 3 generated generate VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 126 4 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 126 5 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 126 6 sweat sweat NN cord-281819-2roflnan 126 7 glands gland NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 126 8 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 126 9 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 126 10 rainy rainy JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 126 11 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 126 12 dry dry JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 126 13 seasons season NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 126 14 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 127 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 127 2 maximum maximum JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 127 3 mean mean JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 127 4 values value NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 127 5 are be VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 127 6 reported report VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 127 7 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 127 8 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 127 9 mornings morning NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 127 10 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 127 11 afternoons afternoon NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 127 12 during during IN cord-281819-2roflnan 127 13 dry dry JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 127 14 season season NN cord-281819-2roflnan 127 15 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 127 16 which which WDT cord-281819-2roflnan 127 17 aids aid VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 127 18 heat heat NN cord-281819-2roflnan 127 19 dissipation dissipation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 127 20 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 127 21 evaporation evaporation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 127 22 ; ; : cord-281819-2roflnan 127 23 maximum maximum JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 127 24 sweating sweating NN cord-281819-2roflnan 127 25 capacity capacity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 127 26 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 127 27 achieved achieve VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 127 28 under under IN cord-281819-2roflnan 127 29 high high JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 127 30 temperatures temperature NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 127 31 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 127 32 low low JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 127 33 humidity humidity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 127 34 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 127 35 when when WRB cord-281819-2roflnan 127 36 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 127 37 sweat sweat NN cord-281819-2roflnan 127 38 glands gland NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 127 39 are be VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 127 40 stimulated stimulate VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 127 41 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 127 42 increased increase VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 127 43 blood blood NN cord-281819-2roflnan 127 44 volume volume NN cord-281819-2roflnan 127 45 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 127 46 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 127 47 epidermis epidermis NN cord-281819-2roflnan 127 48 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 127 49 27 27 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 127 50 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 127 51 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 128 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 128 2 composition composition NN cord-281819-2roflnan 128 3 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 128 4 sweat sweat NN cord-281819-2roflnan 128 5 could could MD cord-281819-2roflnan 128 6 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 128 7 helpful helpful JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 128 8 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 128 9 determining determine VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 128 10 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 128 11 internal internal JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 128 12 physiological physiological JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 128 13 changes change NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 128 14 or or CC cord-281819-2roflnan 128 15 disturbances disturbance NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 128 16 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 128 17 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 128 18 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 128 19 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 129 1 Sweat sweat NN cord-281819-2roflnan 129 2 glands gland NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 129 3 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 129 4 pigs pig NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 129 5 are be VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 129 6 considered consider VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 129 7 non non JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 129 8 - - JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 129 9 functional functional JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 129 10 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 129 11 they -PRON- PRP cord-281819-2roflnan 129 12 are be VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 129 13 not not RB cord-281819-2roflnan 129 14 stimulated stimulate VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 129 15 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 129 16 heat heat NN cord-281819-2roflnan 129 17 stress stress NN cord-281819-2roflnan 129 18 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 130 1 Imperceptible imperceptible JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 130 2 perspiration perspiration NN cord-281819-2roflnan 130 3 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 130 4 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 130 5 form form NN cord-281819-2roflnan 130 6 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 130 7 water water NN cord-281819-2roflnan 130 8 vapor vapor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 130 9 may may MD cord-281819-2roflnan 130 10 have have VB cord-281819-2roflnan 130 11 biomarkers biomarker NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 130 12 such such JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 130 13 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 130 14 miRNA miRNA NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 130 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 130 16 micro micro NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 130 17 Ribonucleic Ribonucleic NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 130 18 acid acid NN cord-281819-2roflnan 130 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 130 20 or or CC cord-281819-2roflnan 130 21 micro micro NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 130 22 - - NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 130 23 concentrations concentration NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 130 24 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 130 25 cortisol cortisol NN cord-281819-2roflnan 130 26 or or CC cord-281819-2roflnan 130 27 hormones hormone NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 130 28 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 131 1 Validated validate VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 131 2 biomarkers biomarker NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 131 3 from from IN cord-281819-2roflnan 131 4 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 131 5 sweat sweat NN cord-281819-2roflnan 131 6 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 131 7 dairy dairy NN cord-281819-2roflnan 131 8 cows cow NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 131 9 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 131 10 pigs pig NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 131 11 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 131 12 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 131 13 other other JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 131 14 farm farm NN cord-281819-2roflnan 131 15 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 131 16 are be VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 131 17 not not RB cord-281819-2roflnan 131 18 yet yet RB cord-281819-2roflnan 131 19 available available JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 131 20 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 131 21 would would MD cord-281819-2roflnan 131 22 open open VB cord-281819-2roflnan 131 23 up up RP cord-281819-2roflnan 131 24 new new JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 131 25 avenues avenue NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 131 26 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 131 27 non non JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 131 28 - - JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 131 29 invasive invasive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 131 30 sensing sensing NN cord-281819-2roflnan 131 31 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 132 1 Immunosensors Immunosensors NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 132 2 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 132 3 target target VB cord-281819-2roflnan 132 4 biological biological JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 132 5 fluids fluid NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 132 6 like like IN cord-281819-2roflnan 132 7 saliva saliva NN cord-281819-2roflnan 132 8 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 132 9 sweat sweat NN cord-281819-2roflnan 132 10 instead instead RB cord-281819-2roflnan 132 11 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 132 12 blood blood NN cord-281819-2roflnan 132 13 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 132 14 making make VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 132 15 these these DT cord-281819-2roflnan 132 16 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 132 17 less less RBR cord-281819-2roflnan 132 18 stressful stressful JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 132 19 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 132 20 invasive invasive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 132 21 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 132 22 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 132 23 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 133 1 Immunosensors immunosensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 133 2 provide provide VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 133 3 highly highly RB cord-281819-2roflnan 133 4 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 133 5 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 133 6 specific specific JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 133 7 assessment assessment NN cord-281819-2roflnan 133 8 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 133 9 hormones hormone NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 133 10 like like IN cord-281819-2roflnan 133 11 cortisol cortisol NN cord-281819-2roflnan 133 12 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 133 13 lactate lactate NN cord-281819-2roflnan 133 14 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 133 15 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 133 16 biological biological JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 133 17 fluids fluid NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 133 18 using use VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 133 19 label label NN cord-281819-2roflnan 133 20 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 133 21 free free JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 133 22 electrochemical electrochemical JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 133 23 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 133 24 chronoamperometric chronoamperometric JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 133 25 methods method NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 133 26 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 134 1 For for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 134 2 instance instance NN cord-281819-2roflnan 134 3 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 134 4 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 134 5 mobile mobile JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 134 6 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 134 7 handheld handheld JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 134 8 potentiostat potentiostat NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 134 9 integrated integrate VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 134 10 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 134 11 Bluetooth Bluetooth NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 134 12 communication communication NN cord-281819-2roflnan 134 13 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 134 14 power power NN cord-281819-2roflnan 134 15 source source NN cord-281819-2roflnan 134 16 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 134 17 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 134 18 used use VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 134 19 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 134 20 point point NN cord-281819-2roflnan 134 21 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 134 22 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 134 23 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 134 24 care care NN cord-281819-2roflnan 134 25 applications application NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 134 26 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 135 1 Bioengineers bioengineer NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 135 2 have have VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 135 3 designed design VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 135 4 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 135 5 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 135 6 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 135 7 sandwich sandwich NN cord-281819-2roflnan 135 8 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 135 9 like like JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 135 10 structure structure NN cord-281819-2roflnan 135 11 that that WDT cord-281819-2roflnan 135 12 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 135 13 contain contain VB cord-281819-2roflnan 135 14 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 135 15 sensing sensing NN cord-281819-2roflnan 135 16 Animals Animals NNPS cord-281819-2roflnan 135 17 2020 2020 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 135 18 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 135 19 10 10 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 135 20 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 135 21 1512 1512 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 135 22 6 6 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 135 23 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 135 24 24 24 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 135 25 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 135 26 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 135 27 secure secure VB cord-281819-2roflnan 135 28 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 135 29 biosensor biosensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 135 30 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 135 31 skin skin VB cord-281819-2roflnan 135 32 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 135 33 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 135 34 use use VB cord-281819-2roflnan 135 35 capillary capillary JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 135 36 action action NN cord-281819-2roflnan 135 37 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 135 38 draw draw VB cord-281819-2roflnan 135 39 sweat sweat NN cord-281819-2roflnan 135 40 or or CC cord-281819-2roflnan 135 41 other other JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 135 42 fluids fluid NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 135 43 towards towards IN cord-281819-2roflnan 135 44 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 135 45 sensing sensing NN cord-281819-2roflnan 135 46 mechanism mechanism NN cord-281819-2roflnan 135 47 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 135 48 34 34 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 135 49 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 135 50 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 136 1 Overall overall RB cord-281819-2roflnan 136 2 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 136 3 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 136 4 immunosensor immunosensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 136 5 showed show VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 136 6 remarkable remarkable JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 136 7 specificity specificity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 136 8 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 136 9 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 136 10 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 136 11 addition addition NN cord-281819-2roflnan 136 12 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 136 13 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-281819-2roflnan 136 14 non non JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 136 15 - - JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 136 16 invasive invasive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 136 17 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 136 18 point point NN cord-281819-2roflnan 136 19 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 136 20 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 136 21 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 136 22 care care NN cord-281819-2roflnan 136 23 capabilities capability NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 136 24 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 136 25 making make VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 136 26 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 136 27 diagnostic diagnostic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 136 28 tool tool NN cord-281819-2roflnan 136 29 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 136 30 versatile versatile JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 136 31 sweat sweat NN cord-281819-2roflnan 136 32 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 136 33 sensing sense VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 136 34 platform platform NN cord-281819-2roflnan 136 35 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 137 1 Skin skin NN cord-281819-2roflnan 137 2 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 137 3 deployable deployable JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 137 4 microfluidic microfluidic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 137 5 platform platform NN cord-281819-2roflnan 137 6 provides provide VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 137 7 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 137 8 significant significant JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 137 9 capability capability NN cord-281819-2roflnan 137 10 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 137 11 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 137 12 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 137 13 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 137 14 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 137 15 go go VB cord-281819-2roflnan 137 16 real real JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 137 17 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 137 18 time time NN cord-281819-2roflnan 137 19 collection collection NN cord-281819-2roflnan 137 20 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 137 21 monitoring monitoring NN cord-281819-2roflnan 137 22 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 137 23 sweat sweat NN cord-281819-2roflnan 137 24 biomarkers biomarker NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 137 25 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 138 1 Resettable resettable JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 138 2 epifluidic epifluidic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 138 3 sweat sweat NN cord-281819-2roflnan 138 4 patches patch NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 138 5 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 138 6 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 138 7 placed place VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 138 8 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 138 9 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 138 10 skin skin NN cord-281819-2roflnan 138 11 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 138 12 pigs pig NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 138 13 or or CC cord-281819-2roflnan 138 14 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 138 15 sweat sweat NN cord-281819-2roflnan 138 16 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 138 17 secreting secrete VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 138 18 glands gland NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 138 19 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 138 20 dairy dairy NN cord-281819-2roflnan 138 21 cows cow NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 138 22 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 138 23 collect collect VB cord-281819-2roflnan 138 24 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 138 25 analyze analyze VB cord-281819-2roflnan 138 26 sweat sweat NN cord-281819-2roflnan 138 27 composition composition NN cord-281819-2roflnan 138 28 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 138 29 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 138 30 visual visual JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 138 31 indicating indicate VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 138 32 sensor sensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 138 33 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 138 34 35 35 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 138 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 138 36 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 139 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 139 2 cardiovascular cardiovascular JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 139 3 system system NN cord-281819-2roflnan 139 4 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 139 5 regulated regulate VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 139 6 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 139 7 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 139 8 autonomic autonomic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 139 9 nervous nervous JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 139 10 system system NN cord-281819-2roflnan 139 11 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 139 12 controls control VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 139 13 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 139 14 physiological physiological JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 139 15 systems system NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 139 16 impacted impact VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 139 17 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 139 18 stress stress NN cord-281819-2roflnan 139 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 139 20 36 36 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 139 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 139 22 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 140 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 140 2 vagal vagal JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 140 3 element element NN cord-281819-2roflnan 140 4 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 140 5 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 140 6 autonomic autonomic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 140 7 nervous nervous JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 140 8 system system NN cord-281819-2roflnan 140 9 regulates regulate VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 140 10 heart heart NN cord-281819-2roflnan 140 11 rate rate NN cord-281819-2roflnan 140 12 during during IN cord-281819-2roflnan 140 13 stress stress NN cord-281819-2roflnan 140 14 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 140 15 farm farm NN cord-281819-2roflnan 140 16 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 140 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 140 18 37 37 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 140 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 140 20 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 141 1 Heart heart NN cord-281819-2roflnan 141 2 rate rate NN cord-281819-2roflnan 141 3 increases increase NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 141 4 when when WRB cord-281819-2roflnan 141 5 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 141 6 are be VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 141 7 subjected subject VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 141 8 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 141 9 heat heat VB cord-281819-2roflnan 141 10 above above IN cord-281819-2roflnan 141 11 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-281819-2roflnan 141 12 tolerance tolerance NN cord-281819-2roflnan 141 13 limits limit NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 141 14 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 141 15 27 27 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 141 16 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 142 1 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 142 2 so so IN cord-281819-2roflnan 142 3 changes change NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 142 4 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 142 5 heart heart NN cord-281819-2roflnan 142 6 rate rate NN cord-281819-2roflnan 142 7 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 142 8 indicate indicate VB cord-281819-2roflnan 142 9 physiological physiological JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 142 10 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 142 11 psychological psychological JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 142 12 stress stress NN cord-281819-2roflnan 142 13 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 142 14 disease disease NN cord-281819-2roflnan 142 15 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 142 16 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 142 17 coping cope VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 142 18 strategies strategy NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 142 19 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 142 20 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 142 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 142 22 36 36 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 142 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 142 24 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 143 1 Conventionally conventionally RB cord-281819-2roflnan 143 2 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 143 3 electrocardiogram electrocardiogram JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 143 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 143 5 ECG ECG NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 143 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 143 7 has have VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 143 8 been be VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 143 9 used use VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 143 10 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 143 11 detect detect VB cord-281819-2roflnan 143 12 heart heart NN cord-281819-2roflnan 143 13 rate rate NN cord-281819-2roflnan 143 14 variability variability NN cord-281819-2roflnan 143 15 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 144 1 Despite despite IN cord-281819-2roflnan 144 2 providing provide VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 144 3 good good JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 144 4 signal signal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 144 5 quality quality NN cord-281819-2roflnan 144 6 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 144 7 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-281819-2roflnan 144 8 long long JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 144 9 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 144 10 term term NN cord-281819-2roflnan 144 11 use use NN cord-281819-2roflnan 144 12 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 144 13 continuous continuous JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 144 14 heart heart NN cord-281819-2roflnan 144 15 rate rate NN cord-281819-2roflnan 144 16 monitoring monitoring NN cord-281819-2roflnan 144 17 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 144 18 inconvenient inconvenient JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 144 19 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 144 20 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 144 21 wet wet JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 144 22 electrodes electrode NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 144 23 must must MD cord-281819-2roflnan 144 24 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 144 25 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 144 26 close close JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 144 27 contact contact NN cord-281819-2roflnan 144 28 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 144 29 skin skin NN cord-281819-2roflnan 144 30 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 145 1 Additional additional JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 145 2 limitations limitation NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 145 3 include include VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 145 4 restriction restriction NN cord-281819-2roflnan 145 5 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 145 6 movement movement NN cord-281819-2roflnan 145 7 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 145 8 allergic allergic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 145 9 reactions reaction NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 145 10 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 145 11 skin skin NN cord-281819-2roflnan 145 12 irritation irritation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 145 13 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 145 14 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 145 15 signal signal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 145 16 degradation degradation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 145 17 due due IN cord-281819-2roflnan 145 18 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 145 19 continuous continuous JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 145 20 contact contact NN cord-281819-2roflnan 145 21 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 145 22 wet wet JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 145 23 electrodes electrode NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 145 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 145 25 38 38 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 145 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 145 27 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 146 1 Although although IN cord-281819-2roflnan 146 2 dry dry JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 146 3 electrodes electrode NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 146 4 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 146 5 non non JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 146 6 - - JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 146 7 contact contact JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 146 8 electrodes electrode NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 146 9 are be VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 146 10 available available JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 146 11 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 146 12 they -PRON- PRP cord-281819-2roflnan 146 13 require require VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 146 14 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 146 15 use use NN cord-281819-2roflnan 146 16 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 146 17 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 146 18 chest chest NN cord-281819-2roflnan 146 19 band band NN cord-281819-2roflnan 146 20 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 146 21 keep keep VB cord-281819-2roflnan 146 22 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 146 23 electrodes electrode NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 146 24 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 146 25 place place NN cord-281819-2roflnan 146 26 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 147 1 This this DT cord-281819-2roflnan 147 2 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 147 3 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 147 4 inconvenient inconvenient JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 147 5 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 147 6 especially especially RB cord-281819-2roflnan 147 7 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 147 8 use use NN cord-281819-2roflnan 147 9 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 147 10 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 147 11 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 148 1 Photoplethysmography Photoplethysmography NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 148 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 148 3 PPG PPG NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 148 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 148 5 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 148 6 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 148 7 non non JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 148 8 - - JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 148 9 invasive invasive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 148 10 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 148 11 cost cost NN cord-281819-2roflnan 148 12 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 148 13 effective effective JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 148 14 method method NN cord-281819-2roflnan 148 15 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 148 16 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 148 17 detection detection NN cord-281819-2roflnan 148 18 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 148 19 blood blood NN cord-281819-2roflnan 148 20 volume volume NN cord-281819-2roflnan 148 21 alteration alteration NN cord-281819-2roflnan 148 22 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 149 1 PPG PPG NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 149 2 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 149 3 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 149 4 optical optical JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 149 5 measurement measurement NN cord-281819-2roflnan 149 6 that that WDT cord-281819-2roflnan 149 7 uses use VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 149 8 infrared infrared JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 149 9 lights light NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 149 10 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 149 11 detect detect VB cord-281819-2roflnan 149 12 changes change NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 149 13 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 149 14 blood blood NN cord-281819-2roflnan 149 15 volume volume NN cord-281819-2roflnan 149 16 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 149 17 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 149 18 microvascular microvascular JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 149 19 bed bed NN cord-281819-2roflnan 149 20 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 149 21 tissue tissue NN cord-281819-2roflnan 149 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 149 23 39 39 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 149 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 149 25 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 150 1 This this DT cord-281819-2roflnan 150 2 contrasts contrast VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 150 3 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 150 4 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 150 5 electrocardiogram electrocardiogram NN cord-281819-2roflnan 150 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 150 7 ECG ECG NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 150 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 150 9 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 150 10 which which WDT cord-281819-2roflnan 150 11 measures measure VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 150 12 heart heart NN cord-281819-2roflnan 150 13 rate rate NN cord-281819-2roflnan 150 14 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 150 15 placing place VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 150 16 electrodes electrode NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 150 17 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 150 18 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 150 19 chest chest NN cord-281819-2roflnan 150 20 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 150 21 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 150 22 target target NN cord-281819-2roflnan 150 23 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 150 24 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 151 1 Doppler Doppler NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 151 2 radar radar NN cord-281819-2roflnan 151 3 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 151 4 based base VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 151 5 sensing sensing NN cord-281819-2roflnan 151 6 technologies technology NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 151 7 include include VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 151 8 : : : cord-281819-2roflnan 151 9 ultra ultra JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 151 10 - - JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 151 11 wide wide JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 151 12 band band NN cord-281819-2roflnan 151 13 radar radar NN cord-281819-2roflnan 151 14 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 151 15 40 40 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 151 16 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 151 17 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 151 18 near near JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 151 19 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 151 20 field field NN cord-281819-2roflnan 151 21 coherent coherent JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 151 22 sensing sensing NN cord-281819-2roflnan 151 23 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 152 1 Machine machine NN cord-281819-2roflnan 152 2 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 152 3 knitted knit VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 152 4 washable washable JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 152 5 sensor sensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 152 6 platform platform NN cord-281819-2roflnan 152 7 based base VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 152 8 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 152 9 textile textile NN cord-281819-2roflnan 152 10 has have VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 152 11 been be VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 152 12 developed develop VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 152 13 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 152 14 validated validate VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 152 15 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 152 16 precise precise JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 152 17 epidermal epidermal JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 152 18 arterial arterial JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 152 19 pulse pulse NN cord-281819-2roflnan 152 20 waves wave NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 152 21 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 152 22 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 152 23 signals signal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 152 24 simultaneously simultaneously RB cord-281819-2roflnan 152 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 152 26 41 41 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 152 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 152 28 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 153 1 However however RB cord-281819-2roflnan 153 2 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 153 3 this this DT cord-281819-2roflnan 153 4 tool tool NN cord-281819-2roflnan 153 5 has have VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 153 6 been be VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 153 7 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 153 8 only only RB cord-281819-2roflnan 153 9 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 153 10 biomedical biomedical JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 153 11 human human JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 153 12 applications application NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 153 13 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 153 14 would would MD cord-281819-2roflnan 153 15 need need VB cord-281819-2roflnan 153 16 further further JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 153 17 modifications modification NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 153 18 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 153 19 adoption adoption NN cord-281819-2roflnan 153 20 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 153 21 livestock livestock NN cord-281819-2roflnan 153 22 sector sector NN cord-281819-2roflnan 153 23 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 154 1 Researchers researcher NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 154 2 have have VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 154 3 experimented experiment VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 154 4 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 154 5 non non JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 154 6 - - JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 154 7 invasive invasive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 154 8 wearable wearable JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 154 9 sensing sensing NN cord-281819-2roflnan 154 10 systems system NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 154 11 composed compose VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 154 12 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 154 13 photoplethysmogram photoplethysmogram NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 154 14 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 154 15 electrocardiogram electrocardiogram VB cord-281819-2roflnan 154 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 154 17 ECG ECG NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 154 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 154 19 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 154 20 continuous continuous JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 154 21 monitoring monitoring NN cord-281819-2roflnan 154 22 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 154 23 vital vital JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 154 24 signs sign NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 154 25 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 154 26 companion companion NN cord-281819-2roflnan 154 27 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 154 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 154 29 42 42 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 154 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 154 31 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 154 32 but but CC cord-281819-2roflnan 154 33 these these DT cord-281819-2roflnan 154 34 systems system NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 154 35 have have VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 154 36 yet yet RB cord-281819-2roflnan 154 37 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 154 38 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 154 39 fully fully RB cord-281819-2roflnan 154 40 explored explore VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 154 41 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 154 42 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 154 43 livestock livestock NN cord-281819-2roflnan 154 44 sector sector NN cord-281819-2roflnan 154 45 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 155 1 Body body NN cord-281819-2roflnan 155 2 size size NN cord-281819-2roflnan 155 3 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 155 4 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 155 5 shape shape NN cord-281819-2roflnan 155 6 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 155 7 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 155 8 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 155 9 chewing chew VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 155 10 habits habit NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 155 11 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 155 12 pigs pig NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 155 13 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 155 14 licking lick VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 155 15 habits habit NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 155 16 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 155 17 cows cow NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 155 18 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 155 19 body body NN cord-281819-2roflnan 155 20 weight weight NN cord-281819-2roflnan 155 21 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 155 22 dust dust NN cord-281819-2roflnan 155 23 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 155 24 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 155 25 harsh harsh JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 155 26 barn barn NN cord-281819-2roflnan 155 27 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 155 28 farm farm NN cord-281819-2roflnan 155 29 environments environment NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 155 30 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 155 31 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 155 32 discomfort discomfort NN cord-281819-2roflnan 155 33 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 155 34 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 155 35 are be VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 155 36 some some DT cord-281819-2roflnan 155 37 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 155 38 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 155 39 factors factor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 155 40 that that WDT cord-281819-2roflnan 155 41 make make VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 155 42 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 155 43 adoption adoption NN cord-281819-2roflnan 155 44 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 155 45 HR HR NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 155 46 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 155 47 RR RR NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 155 48 wearable wearable JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 155 49 sensing sensing NN cord-281819-2roflnan 155 50 systems system NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 155 51 challenging challenge VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 155 52 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 155 53 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 155 54 farming farming NN cord-281819-2roflnan 155 55 ( ( -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 155 56 Table table NN cord-281819-2roflnan 155 57 1 1 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 155 58 ) ) -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 155 59 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 156 1 Commercially commercially RB cord-281819-2roflnan 156 2 available available JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 156 3 textile textile NN cord-281819-2roflnan 156 4 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 156 5 based base VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 156 6 wearable wearable JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 156 7 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 156 8 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 156 9 such such JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 156 10 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 156 11 Hexoskin Hexoskin NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 156 12 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 156 13 Biometric Biometric NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 156 14 Shirt Shirt NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 156 15 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 156 16 Dinbeat Dinbeat NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 156 17 UNO UNO NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 156 18 's 's POS cord-281819-2roflnan 156 19 multiparameter multiparameter NN cord-281819-2roflnan 156 20 harness harness NN cord-281819-2roflnan 156 21 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 156 22 sensing sensing NN cord-281819-2roflnan 156 23 tools tool NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 156 24 developed develop VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 156 25 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 156 26 humans human NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 156 27 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 156 28 pet pet JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 156 29 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 156 30 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 156 31 measuring measure VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 156 32 heart heart NN cord-281819-2roflnan 156 33 rate rate NN cord-281819-2roflnan 156 34 variability variability NN cord-281819-2roflnan 156 35 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 156 36 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 156 37 rate rate NN cord-281819-2roflnan 156 38 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 156 39 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 156 40 maximal maximal JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 156 41 oxygen oxygen NN cord-281819-2roflnan 156 42 consumption consumption NN cord-281819-2roflnan 156 43 would would MD cord-281819-2roflnan 156 44 find find VB cord-281819-2roflnan 156 45 new new JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 156 46 avenues avenue NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 156 47 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 156 48 application application NN cord-281819-2roflnan 156 49 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 156 50 livestock livestock NN cord-281819-2roflnan 156 51 farming farming NN cord-281819-2roflnan 156 52 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 157 1 Studies study NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 157 2 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 157 3 cattle cattle NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 157 4 behavior behavior NN cord-281819-2roflnan 157 5 have have VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 157 6 indicated indicate VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 157 7 that that IN cord-281819-2roflnan 157 8 illness illness NN cord-281819-2roflnan 157 9 causes cause VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 157 10 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 157 11 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 157 12 spend spend VB cord-281819-2roflnan 157 13 less less JJR cord-281819-2roflnan 157 14 time time NN cord-281819-2roflnan 157 15 feeding feed VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 157 16 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 157 17 more more JJR cord-281819-2roflnan 157 18 time time NN cord-281819-2roflnan 157 19 resting rest VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 157 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 157 21 43 43 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 157 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 157 23 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 158 1 Feeding feed VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 158 2 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 158 3 ruminating ruminate VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 158 4 behavior behavior NN cord-281819-2roflnan 158 5 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 158 6 cattle cattle NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 158 7 provides provide VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 158 8 significant significant JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 158 9 information information NN cord-281819-2roflnan 158 10 about about IN cord-281819-2roflnan 158 11 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-281819-2roflnan 158 12 productivity productivity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 158 13 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 158 14 health health NN cord-281819-2roflnan 158 15 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 158 16 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 158 17 welfare welfare NN cord-281819-2roflnan 158 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 158 19 44 44 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 158 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 158 21 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 159 1 Changes change NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 159 2 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 159 3 ruminating ruminate VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 159 4 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 159 5 feeding feed VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 159 6 timing timing NN cord-281819-2roflnan 159 7 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 159 8 cows cow NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 159 9 are be VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 159 10 indicative indicative JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 159 11 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 159 12 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 159 13 underlying underlying JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 159 14 alteration alteration NN cord-281819-2roflnan 159 15 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 159 16 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-281819-2roflnan 159 17 welfare welfare NN cord-281819-2roflnan 159 18 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 159 19 comfort comfort NN cord-281819-2roflnan 159 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 159 21 45 45 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 159 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 159 23 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 160 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-281819-2roflnan 160 2 has have VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 160 3 also also RB cord-281819-2roflnan 160 4 been be VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 160 5 reported report VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 160 6 that that IN cord-281819-2roflnan 160 7 cows cow NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 160 8 diagnosed diagnose VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 160 9 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 160 10 metritis metritis NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 160 11 spent spend VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 160 12 less less JJR cord-281819-2roflnan 160 13 time time NN cord-281819-2roflnan 160 14 ruminating ruminate VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 160 15 than than IN cord-281819-2roflnan 160 16 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-281819-2roflnan 160 17 healthy healthy JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 160 18 counterparts counterpart NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 160 19 during during IN cord-281819-2roflnan 160 20 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 160 21 pre pre NN cord-281819-2roflnan 160 22 - - JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 160 23 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 160 24 post post JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 160 25 - - JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 160 26 calving calving JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 160 27 periods period NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 160 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 160 29 46 46 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 160 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 160 31 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 161 1 As as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 161 2 alterations alteration NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 161 3 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 161 4 feeding feed VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 161 5 behavior behavior NN cord-281819-2roflnan 161 6 could could MD cord-281819-2roflnan 161 7 also also RB cord-281819-2roflnan 161 8 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 161 9 indicative indicative JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 161 10 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 161 11 illness illness NN cord-281819-2roflnan 161 12 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 161 13 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 161 14 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 161 15 several several JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 161 16 sensing sensing NN cord-281819-2roflnan 161 17 methods method NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 161 18 have have VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 161 19 been be VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 161 20 employed employ VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 161 21 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 161 22 measure measure VB cord-281819-2roflnan 161 23 feeding feed VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 161 24 behavior behavior NN cord-281819-2roflnan 161 25 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 162 1 Wearable wearable JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 162 2 Accelerometers Accelerometers NNPS cord-281819-2roflnan 162 3 Wearable wearable JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 162 4 accelerometers accelerometer NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 162 5 have have VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 162 6 been be VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 162 7 evaluated evaluate VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 162 8 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 162 9 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 162 10 tool tool NN cord-281819-2roflnan 162 11 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 162 12 measuring measure VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 162 13 cow cow NN cord-281819-2roflnan 162 14 behavior behavior NN cord-281819-2roflnan 162 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 162 16 44 44 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 162 17 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 162 18 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 163 1 HOBO HOBO NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 163 2 accelerometers accelerometer NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 163 3 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 163 4 which which WDT cord-281819-2roflnan 163 5 are be VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 163 6 attached attach VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 163 7 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 163 8 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 163 9 jaws jaw NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 163 10 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 163 11 cows cow NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 163 12 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 163 13 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 163 14 record record VB cord-281819-2roflnan 163 15 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 163 16 time time NN cord-281819-2roflnan 163 17 each each DT cord-281819-2roflnan 163 18 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 163 19 spends spend VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 163 20 grazing graze VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 163 21 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 163 22 ruminating ruminate VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 163 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 163 24 47 47 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 163 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 163 26 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 164 1 Neck neck NN cord-281819-2roflnan 164 2 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 164 3 mounted mount VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 164 4 accelerometers accelerometer NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 164 5 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 164 6 based base VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 164 7 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 164 8 either either CC cord-281819-2roflnan 164 9 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 164 10 multi multi JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 164 11 - - JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 164 12 class class JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 164 13 support support NN cord-281819-2roflnan 164 14 vector vector NN cord-281819-2roflnan 164 15 machine machine NN cord-281819-2roflnan 164 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 164 17 SVM SVM NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 164 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 164 19 or or CC cord-281819-2roflnan 164 20 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 164 21 decision decision NN cord-281819-2roflnan 164 22 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 164 23 tree tree NN cord-281819-2roflnan 164 24 algorithm algorithm NN cord-281819-2roflnan 164 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 164 26 48 48 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 164 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 164 28 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 164 29 have have VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 164 30 been be VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 164 31 tested test VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 164 32 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 164 33 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 164 34 evaluation evaluation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 164 35 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 164 36 bovine bovine JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 164 37 ingestive ingestive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 164 38 behaviors behavior NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 164 39 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 165 1 Neck neck NN cord-281819-2roflnan 165 2 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 165 3 mounted mount VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 165 4 triaxial triaxial JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 165 5 accelerometers accelerometer NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 165 6 have have VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 165 7 been be VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 165 8 validated validate VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 165 9 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 165 10 assess assess VB cord-281819-2roflnan 165 11 drinking drinking NN cord-281819-2roflnan 165 12 events event NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 165 13 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 165 14 along along IN cord-281819-2roflnan 165 15 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 165 16 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 165 17 algorithm algorithm NN cord-281819-2roflnan 165 18 that that WDT cord-281819-2roflnan 165 19 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 165 20 distinguish distinguish VB cord-281819-2roflnan 165 21 feeding feeding NN cord-281819-2roflnan 165 22 from from IN cord-281819-2roflnan 165 23 drinking drink VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 165 24 from from IN cord-281819-2roflnan 165 25 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 165 26 water water NN cord-281819-2roflnan 165 27 trough trough NN cord-281819-2roflnan 165 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 165 29 17 17 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 165 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 165 31 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 165 32 _SP cord-281819-2roflnan 166 1 A a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 166 2 noseband noseband NN cord-281819-2roflnan 166 3 sensor sensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 166 4 called call VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 166 5 RumiWatch RumiWatch NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 166 6 was be VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 166 7 developed develop VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 166 8 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 166 9 monitor monitor VB cord-281819-2roflnan 166 10 eating eat VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 166 11 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 166 12 ruminating ruminate VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 166 13 activities activity NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 166 14 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 166 15 dairy dairy NN cord-281819-2roflnan 166 16 cows cow NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 166 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 166 18 54 54 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 166 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 166 20 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 167 1 Animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 167 2 deal deal VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 167 3 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 167 4 stressors stressor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 167 5 like like IN cord-281819-2roflnan 167 6 social social JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 167 7 changes change NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 167 8 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 167 9 environmental environmental JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 167 10 changes change NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 167 11 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 167 12 satiety satiety NN cord-281819-2roflnan 167 13 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 167 14 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 167 15 infection infection NN cord-281819-2roflnan 167 16 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 167 17 changing change VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 167 18 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-281819-2roflnan 167 19 behavior behavior NN cord-281819-2roflnan 167 20 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 168 1 Monitoring monitor VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 168 2 this this DT cord-281819-2roflnan 168 3 behavior behavior NN cord-281819-2roflnan 168 4 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 168 5 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 168 6 large large JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 168 7 scale scale NN cord-281819-2roflnan 168 8 becomes become VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 168 9 impractical impractical JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 168 10 because because IN cord-281819-2roflnan 168 11 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 168 12 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 168 13 manpower manpower NN cord-281819-2roflnan 168 14 required require VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 168 15 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 168 16 continuous continuous JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 168 17 monitoring monitoring NN cord-281819-2roflnan 168 18 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 168 19 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 168 20 large large JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 168 21 groups group NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 168 22 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 168 23 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 168 24 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 169 1 Wearable wearable JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 169 2 sensor sensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 169 3 technologies technology NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 169 4 make make VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 169 5 it -PRON- PRP cord-281819-2roflnan 169 6 possible possible JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 169 7 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 169 8 simultaneously simultaneously RB cord-281819-2roflnan 169 9 measure measure VB cord-281819-2roflnan 169 10 real real JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 169 11 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 169 12 time time NN cord-281819-2roflnan 169 13 physiological physiological JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 169 14 parameters parameter NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 169 15 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 169 16 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 169 17 herd herd NN cord-281819-2roflnan 169 18 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 169 19 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 169 20 large large JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 169 21 scale scale NN cord-281819-2roflnan 169 22 when when WRB cord-281819-2roflnan 169 23 coordinated coordinate VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 169 24 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 169 25 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 169 26 interpretations interpretation NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 169 27 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 169 28 outputs output NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 169 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 169 30 44 44 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 169 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 169 32 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 170 1 Thus thus RB cord-281819-2roflnan 170 2 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 170 3 wearable wearable JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 170 4 sensor sensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 170 5 technologies technology NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 170 6 have have VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 170 7 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 170 8 edge edge NN cord-281819-2roflnan 170 9 over over IN cord-281819-2roflnan 170 10 traditional traditional JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 170 11 herd herd NN cord-281819-2roflnan 170 12 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 170 13 based base VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 170 14 approaches approach NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 170 15 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 170 16 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 170 17 data datum NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 170 18 from from IN cord-281819-2roflnan 170 19 wearable wearable JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 170 20 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 170 21 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 170 22 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 170 23 analyzed analyze VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 170 24 immediately immediately RB cord-281819-2roflnan 170 25 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 170 26 enabling enable VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 170 27 quick quick JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 170 28 reaction reaction NN cord-281819-2roflnan 170 29 times time NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 170 30 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 171 1 Water water NN cord-281819-2roflnan 171 2 flow flow NN cord-281819-2roflnan 171 3 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 171 4 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 171 5 monitor monitor VB cord-281819-2roflnan 171 6 group group NN cord-281819-2roflnan 171 7 drinking drinking NN cord-281819-2roflnan 171 8 behavior behavior NN cord-281819-2roflnan 171 9 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 171 10 pigs pig NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 171 11 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 171 12 are be VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 171 13 considered consider VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 171 14 more more RBR cord-281819-2roflnan 171 15 precise precise JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 171 16 than than IN cord-281819-2roflnan 171 17 experienced experienced JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 171 18 observers observer NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 171 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 171 20 65 65 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 171 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 171 22 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 172 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 172 2 issues issue NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 172 3 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 172 4 limitations limitation NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 172 5 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 172 6 water water NN cord-281819-2roflnan 172 7 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 172 8 includes include VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 172 9 variable variable JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 172 10 water water NN cord-281819-2roflnan 172 11 flow flow NN cord-281819-2roflnan 172 12 rates rate NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 172 13 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 172 14 installing instal VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 172 15 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 172 16 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 172 17 existing exist VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 172 18 plumbing plumbing NN cord-281819-2roflnan 172 19 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 172 20 short short JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 172 21 drinking drinking NN cord-281819-2roflnan 172 22 bouts bout NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 172 23 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 172 24 unspecified unspecified JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 172 25 drinking drinking NN cord-281819-2roflnan 172 26 behavior behavior NN cord-281819-2roflnan 172 27 when when WRB cord-281819-2roflnan 172 28 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 172 29 snout snout NN cord-281819-2roflnan 172 30 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 172 31 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 172 32 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 172 33 outlet outlet NN cord-281819-2roflnan 172 34 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 172 35 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 172 36 wastage wastage NN cord-281819-2roflnan 172 37 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 172 38 water water NN cord-281819-2roflnan 172 39 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 172 40 66 66 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 172 41 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 172 42 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 173 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 173 2 requirements requirement NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 173 3 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 173 4 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 173 5 RFID RFID NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 173 6 system system NN cord-281819-2roflnan 173 7 include include VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 173 8 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 173 9 RFID RFID NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 173 10 transponder transponder NN cord-281819-2roflnan 173 11 or or CC cord-281819-2roflnan 173 12 ear ear NN cord-281819-2roflnan 173 13 tag tag NN cord-281819-2roflnan 173 14 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 173 15 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 173 16 RFID RFID NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 173 17 antenna antenna NN cord-281819-2roflnan 173 18 located locate VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 173 19 at at IN cord-281819-2roflnan 173 20 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 173 21 drinking drinking NN cord-281819-2roflnan 173 22 sink sink NN cord-281819-2roflnan 173 23 or or CC cord-281819-2roflnan 173 24 feeding feeding NN cord-281819-2roflnan 173 25 unit unit NN cord-281819-2roflnan 173 26 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 174 1 RFID RFID NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 174 2 systems system NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 174 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 174 4 at at IN cord-281819-2roflnan 174 5 drinking drinking NN cord-281819-2roflnan 174 6 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 174 7 feeding feeding NN cord-281819-2roflnan 174 8 areas area NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 174 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 174 10 have have VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 174 11 been be VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 174 12 used use VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 174 13 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 174 14 monitor monitor VB cord-281819-2roflnan 174 15 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 174 16 events event NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 174 17 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 174 18 duration duration NN cord-281819-2roflnan 174 19 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 174 20 feeding feeding NN cord-281819-2roflnan 174 21 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 174 22 drinking drinking NN cord-281819-2roflnan 174 23 behavior behavior NN cord-281819-2roflnan 174 24 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 174 25 individual individual JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 174 26 pigs pig NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 174 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 174 28 56 56 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 174 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 174 30 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 175 1 High high JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 175 2 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 175 3 frequency frequency NN cord-281819-2roflnan 175 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 175 5 HF HF NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 175 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 175 7 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 175 8 low low JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 175 9 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 175 10 frequency frequency NN cord-281819-2roflnan 175 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 175 12 LF LF NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 175 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 175 14 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 175 15 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 175 16 ultra ultra JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 175 17 - - JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 175 18 high high JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 175 19 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 175 20 frequency frequency NN cord-281819-2roflnan 175 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 175 22 UHF UHF NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 175 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 175 24 are be VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 175 25 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 175 26 frequency frequency NN cord-281819-2roflnan 175 27 ranges range NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 175 28 typically typically RB cord-281819-2roflnan 175 29 used use VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 175 30 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 175 31 RFID RFID NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 175 32 tags tag NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 175 33 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 176 1 These these DT cord-281819-2roflnan 176 2 systems system NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 176 3 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 176 4 have have VB cord-281819-2roflnan 176 5 significant significant JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 176 6 differences difference NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 176 7 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 176 8 read read NN cord-281819-2roflnan 176 9 ranges range VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 176 10 as as RB cord-281819-2roflnan 176 11 well well RB cord-281819-2roflnan 176 12 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 176 13 varying vary VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 176 14 responses response NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 176 15 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 176 16 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 176 17 influence influence NN cord-281819-2roflnan 176 18 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 176 19 materials material NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 176 20 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 176 21 especially especially RB cord-281819-2roflnan 176 22 water water NN cord-281819-2roflnan 176 23 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 176 24 metal metal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 176 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 176 26 67 67 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 176 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 176 28 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 177 1 A a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 177 2 combination combination NN cord-281819-2roflnan 177 3 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 177 4 stationary stationary JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 177 5 RFID RFID NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 177 6 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 177 7 accelerometer accelerometer NN cord-281819-2roflnan 177 8 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 177 9 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 177 10 water water NN cord-281819-2roflnan 177 11 flow flow NN cord-281819-2roflnan 177 12 meter meter NN cord-281819-2roflnan 177 13 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 177 14 has have VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 177 15 been be VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 177 16 used use VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 177 17 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 177 18 measure measure VB cord-281819-2roflnan 177 19 beef beef NN cord-281819-2roflnan 177 20 cattle cattle NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 177 21 drinking drink VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 177 22 behavior behavior NN cord-281819-2roflnan 177 23 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 177 24 herd herd NN cord-281819-2roflnan 177 25 water water NN cord-281819-2roflnan 177 26 consumption consumption NN cord-281819-2roflnan 177 27 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 177 28 grazing graze VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 177 29 systems system NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 177 30 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 178 1 This this DT cord-281819-2roflnan 178 2 approach approach NN cord-281819-2roflnan 178 3 was be VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 178 4 determined determine VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 178 5 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 178 6 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 178 7 reliable reliable JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 178 8 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 178 9 recording record VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 178 10 behavioral behavioral JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 178 11 measures measure NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 178 12 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 178 13 such such JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 178 14 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 178 15 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 178 16 frequency frequency NN cord-281819-2roflnan 178 17 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 178 18 duration duration NN cord-281819-2roflnan 178 19 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 178 20 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 178 21 number number NN cord-281819-2roflnan 178 22 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 178 23 visits visit NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 178 24 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 178 25 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 178 26 water water NN cord-281819-2roflnan 178 27 point point NN cord-281819-2roflnan 178 28 per per IN cord-281819-2roflnan 178 29 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 178 30 as as RB cord-281819-2roflnan 178 31 well well RB cord-281819-2roflnan 178 32 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 178 33 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 178 34 duration duration NN cord-281819-2roflnan 178 35 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 178 36 drinking drink VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 178 37 events event NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 178 38 per per IN cord-281819-2roflnan 178 39 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 178 40 visit visit NN cord-281819-2roflnan 178 41 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 178 42 17 17 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 178 43 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 178 44 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 179 1 Garrido Garrido NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 179 2 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 179 3 Izard Izard NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 179 4 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 179 5 colleagues colleague NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 179 6 have have VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 179 7 monitored monitor VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 179 8 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 179 9 combination combination NN cord-281819-2roflnan 179 10 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 179 11 ear ear NN cord-281819-2roflnan 179 12 skin skin NN cord-281819-2roflnan 179 13 temperature temperature NN cord-281819-2roflnan 179 14 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 179 15 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 179 16 body body NN cord-281819-2roflnan 179 17 weight weight NN cord-281819-2roflnan 179 18 measurement measurement NN cord-281819-2roflnan 179 19 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 179 20 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 179 21 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 179 22 amount amount NN cord-281819-2roflnan 179 23 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 179 24 feed feed NN cord-281819-2roflnan 179 25 consumed consume VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 179 26 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 179 27 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 179 28 duration duration NN cord-281819-2roflnan 179 29 per per IN cord-281819-2roflnan 179 30 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 179 31 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 179 32 order order NN cord-281819-2roflnan 179 33 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 179 34 identify identify VB cord-281819-2roflnan 179 35 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 179 36 behavior behavior NN cord-281819-2roflnan 179 37 changes change NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 179 38 based base VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 179 39 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 179 40 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 179 41 integration integration NN cord-281819-2roflnan 179 42 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 179 43 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-281819-2roflnan 179 44 intake intake NN cord-281819-2roflnan 179 45 patterns pattern NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 179 46 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 179 47 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 179 48 thermal thermal JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 179 49 data datum NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 179 50 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 180 1 Animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 180 2 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 180 3 higher high JJR cord-281819-2roflnan 180 4 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 180 5 temperature temperature NN cord-281819-2roflnan 180 6 measurements measurement NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 180 7 showed show VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 180 8 less less JJR cord-281819-2roflnan 180 9 thermal thermal JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 180 10 variability variability NN cord-281819-2roflnan 180 11 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 180 12 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 180 13 vice vice NN cord-281819-2roflnan 180 14 versa versa RB cord-281819-2roflnan 180 15 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 181 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 181 2 study study NN cord-281819-2roflnan 181 3 also also RB cord-281819-2roflnan 181 4 showed show VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 181 5 that that IN cord-281819-2roflnan 181 6 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 181 7 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 181 8 less less JJR cord-281819-2roflnan 181 9 alteration alteration NN cord-281819-2roflnan 181 10 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 181 11 feed feed NN cord-281819-2roflnan 181 12 intake intake NN cord-281819-2roflnan 181 13 during during IN cord-281819-2roflnan 181 14 breeding breeding NN cord-281819-2roflnan 181 15 have have VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 181 16 higher high JJR cord-281819-2roflnan 181 17 efficiencies efficiency NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 181 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 181 19 68 68 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 181 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 181 21 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 182 1 Posture posture NN cord-281819-2roflnan 182 2 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 182 3 lying lie VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 182 4 behaviors behavior NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 182 5 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 182 6 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 182 7 automatically automatically RB cord-281819-2roflnan 182 8 quantified quantify VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 182 9 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 182 10 increase increase VB cord-281819-2roflnan 182 11 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 182 12 productivity productivity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 182 13 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 182 14 welfare welfare NN cord-281819-2roflnan 182 15 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 182 16 domesticated domesticated JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 182 17 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 182 18 because because IN cord-281819-2roflnan 182 19 changes change NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 182 20 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 182 21 posture posture NN cord-281819-2roflnan 182 22 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 182 23 activity activity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 182 24 indicate indicate VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 182 25 health health NN cord-281819-2roflnan 182 26 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 182 27 welfare welfare NN cord-281819-2roflnan 182 28 issues issue NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 182 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 182 30 69 69 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 182 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 182 32 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 183 1 For for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 183 2 instance instance NN cord-281819-2roflnan 183 3 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 183 4 changes change NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 183 5 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 183 6 behaviors behavior NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 183 7 like like IN cord-281819-2roflnan 183 8 walking walk VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 183 9 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 183 10 standing stand VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 183 11 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 183 12 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 183 13 lying lying NN cord-281819-2roflnan 183 14 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 183 15 indicate indicate VB cord-281819-2roflnan 183 16 sickness sickness NN cord-281819-2roflnan 183 17 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 183 18 cows cow NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 183 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 183 20 70 70 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 183 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 183 22 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 184 1 Monitoring monitor VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 184 2 postural postural JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 184 3 changes change NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 184 4 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 184 5 important important JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 184 6 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 184 7 assessing assess VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 184 8 calf calf NN cord-281819-2roflnan 184 9 or or CC cord-281819-2roflnan 184 10 swine swine NN cord-281819-2roflnan 184 11 wellness wellness NN cord-281819-2roflnan 184 12 or or CC cord-281819-2roflnan 184 13 painful painful JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 184 14 conditions condition NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 184 15 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 185 1 Numerous numerous JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 185 2 studies study NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 185 3 have have VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 185 4 studied study VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 185 5 postural postural JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 185 6 behavior behavior NN cord-281819-2roflnan 185 7 differences difference NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 185 8 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 185 9 cows cow NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 185 10 who who WP cord-281819-2roflnan 185 11 receive receive VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 185 12 painful painful JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 185 13 stimuli stimulus NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 185 14 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 185 15 71 71 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 185 16 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 185 17 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 186 1 Accelerometers Accelerometers NNPS cord-281819-2roflnan 186 2 Accelerometers Accelerometers NNPS cord-281819-2roflnan 186 3 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 186 4 electromechanical electromechanical JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 186 5 devices device NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 186 6 that that WDT cord-281819-2roflnan 186 7 measure measure VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 186 8 acceleration acceleration NN cord-281819-2roflnan 186 9 forces force NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 186 10 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 186 11 have have VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 186 12 proven prove VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 186 13 very very RB cord-281819-2roflnan 186 14 accurate accurate JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 186 15 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 186 16 monitoring monitor VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 186 17 activity activity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 186 18 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 186 19 movement movement NN cord-281819-2roflnan 186 20 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 186 21 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 186 22 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 186 23 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 187 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 187 2 use use NN cord-281819-2roflnan 187 3 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 187 4 accelerometers accelerometer NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 187 5 has have VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 187 6 recently recently RB cord-281819-2roflnan 187 7 been be VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 187 8 widely widely RB cord-281819-2roflnan 187 9 used use VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 187 10 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 187 11 quantify quantify VB cord-281819-2roflnan 187 12 or or CC cord-281819-2roflnan 187 13 evaluate evaluate VB cord-281819-2roflnan 187 14 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 187 15 behavior behavior NN cord-281819-2roflnan 187 16 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 187 17 8 8 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 187 18 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 187 19 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 187 20 grazing graze VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 187 21 behavior behavior NN cord-281819-2roflnan 187 22 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 187 23 cattle cattle NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 187 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 187 25 72 72 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 187 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 187 27 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 187 28 lying lie VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 187 29 behavior behavior NN cord-281819-2roflnan 187 30 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 187 31 sows sow NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 187 32 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 187 33 lameness lameness NN cord-281819-2roflnan 187 34 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 187 35 cows cow NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 187 36 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 187 37 73 73 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 187 38 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 187 39 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 188 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 188 2 accelerometer accelerometer NN cord-281819-2roflnan 188 3 's 's POS cord-281819-2roflnan 188 4 smaller small JJR cord-281819-2roflnan 188 5 size size NN cord-281819-2roflnan 188 6 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 188 7 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 188 8 versatility versatility NN cord-281819-2roflnan 188 9 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 188 10 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 188 11 data datum NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 188 12 generated generate VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 188 13 make make VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 188 14 these these DT cord-281819-2roflnan 188 15 technologies technology NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 188 16 effective effective JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 188 17 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 188 18 examining examine VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 188 19 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 188 20 behavior behavior NN cord-281819-2roflnan 188 21 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 188 22 farm farm NN cord-281819-2roflnan 188 23 settings setting NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 188 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 188 25 74 74 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 188 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 188 27 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 189 1 Accelerometers accelerometer NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 189 2 are be VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 189 3 considered consider VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 189 4 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 189 5 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 189 6 most most RBS cord-281819-2roflnan 189 7 efficient efficient JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 189 8 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 189 9 assessing assess VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 189 10 activity activity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 189 11 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 189 12 pigs pig NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 189 13 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 190 1 Increased increase VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 190 2 activity activity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 190 3 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 190 4 indicative indicative JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 190 5 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 190 6 stress stress NN cord-281819-2roflnan 190 7 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 190 8 pigs pig NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 190 9 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 190 10 while while IN cord-281819-2roflnan 190 11 reduced reduce VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 190 12 activity activity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 190 13 has have VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 190 14 been be VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 190 15 associated associate VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 190 16 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 190 17 disease disease NN cord-281819-2roflnan 190 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 190 19 75 75 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 190 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 190 21 or or CC cord-281819-2roflnan 190 22 changes change NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 190 23 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 190 24 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 190 25 environmental environmental JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 190 26 conditions condition NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 190 27 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 190 28 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 190 29 barn barn NN cord-281819-2roflnan 190 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 190 31 76 76 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 190 32 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 190 33 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 191 1 Analysis analysis NN cord-281819-2roflnan 191 2 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 191 3 data datum NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 191 4 from from IN cord-281819-2roflnan 191 5 two two CD cord-281819-2roflnan 191 6 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 191 7 dimensional dimensional JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 191 8 accelerometers accelerometer NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 191 9 has have VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 191 10 revealed reveal VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 191 11 that that IN cord-281819-2roflnan 191 12 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 191 13 percentage percentage NN cord-281819-2roflnan 191 14 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 191 15 time time NN cord-281819-2roflnan 191 16 spent spend VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 191 17 standing standing NN cord-281819-2roflnan 191 18 increases increase NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 191 19 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 191 20 calves calf NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 191 21 after after IN cord-281819-2roflnan 191 22 castration castration NN cord-281819-2roflnan 191 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 191 24 77 77 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 191 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 191 26 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 192 1 In in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 192 2 another another DT cord-281819-2roflnan 192 3 study study NN cord-281819-2roflnan 192 4 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 192 5 it -PRON- PRP cord-281819-2roflnan 192 6 was be VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 192 7 shown show VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 192 8 that that IN cord-281819-2roflnan 192 9 five five CD cord-281819-2roflnan 192 10 days day NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 192 11 after after IN cord-281819-2roflnan 192 12 castration castration NN cord-281819-2roflnan 192 13 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 192 14 calves calf NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 192 15 preferred prefer VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 192 16 more more JJR cord-281819-2roflnan 192 17 time time NN cord-281819-2roflnan 192 18 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 192 19 lying lie VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 192 20 down down RP cord-281819-2roflnan 192 21 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 192 22 less less JJR cord-281819-2roflnan 192 23 time time NN cord-281819-2roflnan 192 24 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 192 25 walking walk VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 192 26 activity activity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 192 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 192 28 78 78 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 192 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 192 30 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 193 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 193 2 differences difference NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 193 3 between between IN cord-281819-2roflnan 193 4 these these DT cord-281819-2roflnan 193 5 two two CD cord-281819-2roflnan 193 6 studies study NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 193 7 could could MD cord-281819-2roflnan 193 8 possibly possibly RB cord-281819-2roflnan 193 9 stem stem VB cord-281819-2roflnan 193 10 from from IN cord-281819-2roflnan 193 11 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 193 12 duration duration NN cord-281819-2roflnan 193 13 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 193 14 monitoring monitoring NN cord-281819-2roflnan 193 15 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 193 16 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 193 17 considerable considerable JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 193 18 time time NN cord-281819-2roflnan 193 19 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 193 20 dependent dependent JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 193 21 change change NN cord-281819-2roflnan 193 22 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 193 23 behavior behavior NN cord-281819-2roflnan 193 24 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 194 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 194 2 current current JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 194 3 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 194 4 welfare welfare NN cord-281819-2roflnan 194 5 determining determine VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 194 6 factors factor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 194 7 are be VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 194 8 mostly mostly RB cord-281819-2roflnan 194 9 conducted conduct VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 194 10 at at IN cord-281819-2roflnan 194 11 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 194 12 single single JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 194 13 point point NN cord-281819-2roflnan 194 14 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 194 15 time time NN cord-281819-2roflnan 194 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 194 17 i.e. i.e. FW cord-281819-2roflnan 194 18 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 194 19 providing provide VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 194 20 water water NN cord-281819-2roflnan 194 21 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 194 22 food food NN cord-281819-2roflnan 194 23 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 194 24 treating treat VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 194 25 diseases disease NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 194 26 or or CC cord-281819-2roflnan 194 27 illnesses illness NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 194 28 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 194 29 they -PRON- PRP cord-281819-2roflnan 194 30 arise arise VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 194 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 194 32 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 194 33 these these DT cord-281819-2roflnan 194 34 assessments assessment NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 194 35 are be VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 194 36 often often RB cord-281819-2roflnan 194 37 considered consider VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 194 38 insufficient insufficient JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 194 39 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 195 1 Pattison Pattison NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 195 2 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 195 3 colleagues colleague NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 195 4 have have VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 195 5 designed design VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 195 6 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 195 7 methodology methodology NN cord-281819-2roflnan 195 8 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 195 9 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 195 10 continuous continuous JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 195 11 monitoring monitoring NN cord-281819-2roflnan 195 12 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 195 13 interaction interaction NN cord-281819-2roflnan 195 14 between between IN cord-281819-2roflnan 195 15 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 195 16 fitted fit VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 195 17 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 195 18 proximity proximity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 195 19 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 195 20 attached attach VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 195 21 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 195 22 neck neck NN cord-281819-2roflnan 195 23 collars collar NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 195 24 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 196 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 196 2 resulting result VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 196 3 data datum NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 196 4 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 196 5 levels level NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 196 6 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 196 7 serum serum NN cord-281819-2roflnan 196 8 cortisol cortisol NN cord-281819-2roflnan 196 9 concentrations concentration NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 196 10 are be VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 196 11 expected expect VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 196 12 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 196 13 provide provide VB cord-281819-2roflnan 196 14 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 196 15 visual visual JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 196 16 map map NN cord-281819-2roflnan 196 17 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 196 18 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 196 19 social social JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 196 20 structures structure NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 196 21 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 196 22 each each DT cord-281819-2roflnan 196 23 group group NN cord-281819-2roflnan 196 24 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 197 1 This this DT cord-281819-2roflnan 197 2 will will MD cord-281819-2roflnan 197 3 allow allow VB cord-281819-2roflnan 197 4 scientists scientist NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 197 5 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 197 6 explore explore VB cord-281819-2roflnan 197 7 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 197 8 potential potential NN cord-281819-2roflnan 197 9 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 197 10 proximity proximity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 197 11 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 197 12 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 197 13 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 197 14 welfare welfare NN cord-281819-2roflnan 197 15 monitoring monitor VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 197 16 platform platform NN cord-281819-2roflnan 197 17 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 197 18 measuring measure VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 197 19 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 197 20 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 197 21 's 's POS cord-281819-2roflnan 197 22 freedom freedom NN cord-281819-2roflnan 197 23 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 197 24 express express VB cord-281819-2roflnan 197 25 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-281819-2roflnan 197 26 normal normal JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 197 27 behavior behavior NN cord-281819-2roflnan 197 28 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 197 29 natural natural JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 197 30 state state NN cord-281819-2roflnan 197 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 197 32 79 79 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 197 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 197 34 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 198 1 Accelerometer accelerometer NN cord-281819-2roflnan 198 2 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 198 3 have have VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 198 4 been be VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 198 5 used use VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 198 6 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 198 7 accurately accurately RB cord-281819-2roflnan 198 8 measure measure VB cord-281819-2roflnan 198 9 active active JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 198 10 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 198 11 not not RB cord-281819-2roflnan 198 12 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 198 13 active active JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 198 14 behaviors behavior NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 198 15 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 198 16 tiestall tiestall NN cord-281819-2roflnan 198 17 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 198 18 housed house VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 198 19 dairy dairy NN cord-281819-2roflnan 198 20 cows cow NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 198 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 198 22 80 80 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 198 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 198 24 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 198 25 predict predict VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 198 26 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 198 27 behavior behavior NN cord-281819-2roflnan 198 28 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 198 29 dairy dairy NN cord-281819-2roflnan 198 30 cows cow NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 198 31 from from IN cord-281819-2roflnan 198 32 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 198 33 signal signal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 198 34 pre pre JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 198 35 - - JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 198 36 processing processing JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 198 37 sensor sensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 198 38 data datum NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 198 39 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 198 40 81 81 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 198 41 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 198 42 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 199 1 Lying lie VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 199 2 behaviors behavior NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 199 3 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 199 4 calves calf NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 199 5 have have VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 199 6 also also RB cord-281819-2roflnan 199 7 been be VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 199 8 analyzed analyze VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 199 9 after after IN cord-281819-2roflnan 199 10 administering administer VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 199 11 analgesic analgesic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 199 12 drugs drug NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 199 13 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 200 1 Lying lie VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 200 2 behavior behavior NN cord-281819-2roflnan 200 3 decreased decrease VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 200 4 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 200 5 calves calf NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 200 6 following follow VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 200 7 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 200 8 induction induction NN cord-281819-2roflnan 200 9 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 200 10 experimental experimental JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 200 11 lameness lameness NN cord-281819-2roflnan 200 12 using use VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 200 13 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 200 14 amphotericin amphotericin NN cord-281819-2roflnan 200 15 B B NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 200 16 synovitis synovitis JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 200 17 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 200 18 arthritis arthritis NN cord-281819-2roflnan 200 19 induction induction NN cord-281819-2roflnan 200 20 model model NN cord-281819-2roflnan 200 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 200 22 82 82 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 200 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 200 24 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 201 1 Accelerometer accelerometer NN cord-281819-2roflnan 201 2 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 201 3 have have VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 201 4 also also RB cord-281819-2roflnan 201 5 been be VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 201 6 effectively effectively RB cord-281819-2roflnan 201 7 used use VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 201 8 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 201 9 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 201 10 regular regular JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 201 11 assessment assessment NN cord-281819-2roflnan 201 12 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 201 13 behavioral behavioral JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 201 14 changes change NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 201 15 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 201 16 response response NN cord-281819-2roflnan 201 17 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 201 18 pain pain NN cord-281819-2roflnan 201 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 201 20 71 71 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 201 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 201 22 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 202 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 202 2 use use NN cord-281819-2roflnan 202 3 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 202 4 two two CD cord-281819-2roflnan 202 5 accelerometers accelerometer NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 202 6 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 202 7 automatically automatically RB cord-281819-2roflnan 202 8 quantify quantify VB cord-281819-2roflnan 202 9 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 202 10 lying lie VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 202 11 behavior behavior NN cord-281819-2roflnan 202 12 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 202 13 free free JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 202 14 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 202 15 farrowing farrowing NN cord-281819-2roflnan 202 16 sows sow NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 202 17 ; ; : cord-281819-2roflnan 202 18 challenges challenge NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 202 19 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 202 20 automation automation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 202 21 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 202 22 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 202 23 lying lie VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 202 24 behavior behavior NN cord-281819-2roflnan 202 25 have have VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 202 26 been be VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 202 27 addressed address VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 202 28 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 202 29 both both DT cord-281819-2roflnan 202 30 free free JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 202 31 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 202 32 farrowing farrowing NN cord-281819-2roflnan 202 33 sows sow NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 202 34 as as RB cord-281819-2roflnan 202 35 well well RB cord-281819-2roflnan 202 36 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 202 37 sows sow NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 202 38 housed house VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 202 39 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 202 40 movement movement NN cord-281819-2roflnan 202 41 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 202 42 restricting restrict VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 202 43 barn barn NN cord-281819-2roflnan 202 44 environments environment NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 202 45 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 202 46 73 73 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 202 47 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 202 48 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 203 1 More more RBR cord-281819-2roflnan 203 2 recently recently RB cord-281819-2roflnan 203 3 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 203 4 data datum NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 203 5 from from IN cord-281819-2roflnan 203 6 triaxial triaxial JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 203 7 accelerometers accelerometer NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 203 8 has have VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 203 9 been be VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 203 10 used use VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 203 11 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 203 12 define define VB cord-281819-2roflnan 203 13 general general JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 203 14 behavior behavior NN cord-281819-2roflnan 203 15 recognition recognition NN cord-281819-2roflnan 203 16 framework framework NN cord-281819-2roflnan 203 17 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 203 18 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 203 19 form form NN cord-281819-2roflnan 203 20 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 203 21 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 203 22 hybrid hybrid JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 203 23 model model NN cord-281819-2roflnan 203 24 combined combine VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 203 25 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 203 26 biomechanical biomechanical JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 203 27 principles principle NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 203 28 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 203 29 machine machine NN cord-281819-2roflnan 203 30 learning learning NN cord-281819-2roflnan 203 31 tools tool NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 203 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 203 33 83 83 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 203 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 203 35 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 204 1 In in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 204 2 domestic domestic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 204 3 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 204 4 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 204 5 aggression aggression NN cord-281819-2roflnan 204 6 between between IN cord-281819-2roflnan 204 7 individuals individual NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 204 8 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 204 9 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 204 10 serious serious JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 204 11 stressor stressor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 204 12 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 204 13 cause cause NN cord-281819-2roflnan 204 14 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 204 15 injuries injury NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 204 16 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 205 1 Research research NN cord-281819-2roflnan 205 2 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 205 3 increasingly increasingly RB cord-281819-2roflnan 205 4 exploring explore VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 205 5 facial facial JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 205 6 expressions expression NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 205 7 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 205 8 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 205 9 non non JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 205 10 - - JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 205 11 invasive invasive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 205 12 means mean NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 205 13 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 205 14 obtaining obtain VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 205 15 quantitative quantitative JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 205 16 data datum NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 205 17 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 205 18 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 205 19 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 205 20 's 's POS cord-281819-2roflnan 205 21 emotional emotional JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 205 22 state state NN cord-281819-2roflnan 205 23 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 206 1 Camerlink camerlink NN cord-281819-2roflnan 206 2 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 206 3 colleagues colleague NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 206 4 have have VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 206 5 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 206 6 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 206 7 use use NN cord-281819-2roflnan 206 8 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 206 9 video video NN cord-281819-2roflnan 206 10 imaging imaging NN cord-281819-2roflnan 206 11 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 206 12 analyzing analyze VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 206 13 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 206 14 emotional emotional JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 206 15 state state NN cord-281819-2roflnan 206 16 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 206 17 pigs pig NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 206 18 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 206 19 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 206 20 event event NN cord-281819-2roflnan 206 21 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 206 22 aggression aggression NN cord-281819-2roflnan 206 23 or or CC cord-281819-2roflnan 206 24 confrontation confrontation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 206 25 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 206 26 dyadic dyadic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 206 27 contest contest NN cord-281819-2roflnan 206 28 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 207 1 Facial facial JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 207 2 metrics metric NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 207 3 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 207 4 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 207 5 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 207 6 powerful powerful JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 207 7 way way NN cord-281819-2roflnan 207 8 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 207 9 measuring measure VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 207 10 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 207 11 aggressive aggressive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 207 12 intention intention NN cord-281819-2roflnan 207 13 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 207 14 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 207 15 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 208 1 Facial facial JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 208 2 metrics metric NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 208 3 after after IN cord-281819-2roflnan 208 4 retreat retreat NN cord-281819-2roflnan 209 1 and/or and/or CC cord-281819-2roflnan 209 2 during during IN cord-281819-2roflnan 209 3 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 209 4 episode episode NN cord-281819-2roflnan 209 5 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 209 6 aggression aggression NN cord-281819-2roflnan 209 7 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 209 8 pigs pig NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 209 9 differed differ VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 209 10 significantly significantly RB cord-281819-2roflnan 209 11 from from IN cord-281819-2roflnan 209 12 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 209 13 facial facial JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 209 14 features feature NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 209 15 prior prior RB cord-281819-2roflnan 209 16 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 209 17 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 209 18 during during IN cord-281819-2roflnan 209 19 aggression aggression NN cord-281819-2roflnan 209 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 209 21 84 84 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 209 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 209 23 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 210 1 Mounting mount VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 210 2 behavior behavior NN cord-281819-2roflnan 210 3 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 210 4 observed observe VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 210 5 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 210 6 both both CC cord-281819-2roflnan 210 7 female female JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 210 8 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 210 9 male male JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 210 10 pigs pig NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 210 11 throughout throughout IN cord-281819-2roflnan 210 12 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-281819-2roflnan 210 13 lifetime lifetime NN cord-281819-2roflnan 210 14 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 210 15 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 210 16 mostly mostly RB cord-281819-2roflnan 210 17 prominent prominent JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 210 18 during during IN cord-281819-2roflnan 210 19 estrus estrus NN cord-281819-2roflnan 210 20 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 211 1 This this DT cord-281819-2roflnan 211 2 behavior behavior NN cord-281819-2roflnan 211 3 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 211 4 manifested manifest VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 211 5 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 211 6 follows follow VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 211 7 : : : cord-281819-2roflnan 211 8 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 211 9 pig pig NN cord-281819-2roflnan 211 10 typically typically RB cord-281819-2roflnan 211 11 places place VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 211 12 two two CD cord-281819-2roflnan 211 13 front front JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 211 14 hoofs hoofs NN cord-281819-2roflnan 211 15 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 211 16 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 211 17 head head NN cord-281819-2roflnan 211 18 or or CC cord-281819-2roflnan 211 19 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 211 20 body body NN cord-281819-2roflnan 211 21 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 211 22 another another DT cord-281819-2roflnan 211 23 pig pig NN cord-281819-2roflnan 211 24 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 211 25 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 211 26 lying lying NN cord-281819-2roflnan 211 27 position position NN cord-281819-2roflnan 211 28 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 212 1 Mounting mount VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 212 2 behavior behavior NN cord-281819-2roflnan 212 3 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 212 4 cause cause VB cord-281819-2roflnan 212 5 epidermal epidermal JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 212 6 wounds wound NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 212 7 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 212 8 lameness lameness NN cord-281819-2roflnan 212 9 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 212 10 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 212 11 fractures fracture NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 212 12 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 212 13 resulting result VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 212 14 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 212 15 economic economic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 212 16 losses loss NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 212 17 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 212 18 decreased decrease VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 212 19 productivity productivity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 212 20 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 213 1 Li Li NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 213 2 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 213 3 colleagues colleague NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 213 4 have have VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 213 5 developed develop VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 213 6 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 213 7 learning learning NN cord-281819-2roflnan 213 8 algorithm algorithm NN cord-281819-2roflnan 213 9 that that WDT cord-281819-2roflnan 213 10 detects detect VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 213 11 swine swine NN cord-281819-2roflnan 213 12 mounting mount VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 213 13 behavior behavior NN cord-281819-2roflnan 213 14 based base VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 213 15 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 213 16 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 213 17 visible visible JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 213 18 light light JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 213 19 images image NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 213 20 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 213 21 enable enable VB cord-281819-2roflnan 213 22 timely timely JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 213 23 detection detection NN cord-281819-2roflnan 213 24 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 213 25 intervention intervention NN cord-281819-2roflnan 213 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 213 27 85 85 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 213 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 213 29 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 214 1 This this DT cord-281819-2roflnan 214 2 method method NN cord-281819-2roflnan 214 3 has have VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 214 4 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 214 5 high high JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 214 6 accuracy accuracy NN cord-281819-2roflnan 214 7 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 214 8 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 214 9 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 214 10 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 214 11 specificity specificity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 214 12 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 215 1 However however RB cord-281819-2roflnan 215 2 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 215 3 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 215 4 sample sample NN cord-281819-2roflnan 215 5 size size NN cord-281819-2roflnan 215 6 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 215 7 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 215 8 research research NN cord-281819-2roflnan 215 9 included include VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 215 10 only only RB cord-281819-2roflnan 215 11 four four CD cord-281819-2roflnan 215 12 mini mini JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 215 13 pigs pig NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 215 14 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 215 15 so so CC cord-281819-2roflnan 215 16 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 215 17 system system NN cord-281819-2roflnan 215 18 still still RB cord-281819-2roflnan 215 19 needs need VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 215 20 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 215 21 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 215 22 validated validate VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 215 23 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 215 24 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 215 25 larger large JJR cord-281819-2roflnan 215 26 scale scale NN cord-281819-2roflnan 215 27 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 216 1 Pressure pressure NN cord-281819-2roflnan 216 2 mats mat NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 216 3 are be VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 216 4 composed compose VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 216 5 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 216 6 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 216 7 series series NN cord-281819-2roflnan 216 8 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 216 9 array array NN cord-281819-2roflnan 216 10 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 216 11 pressure pressure NN cord-281819-2roflnan 216 12 sensing sensing NN cord-281819-2roflnan 216 13 components component NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 216 14 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 216 15 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 216 16 measuring measuring NN cord-281819-2roflnan 216 17 frequency frequency NN cord-281819-2roflnan 216 18 that that WDT cord-281819-2roflnan 216 19 enables enable VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 216 20 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 216 21 mats mat NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 216 22 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 216 23 differentiate differentiate VB cord-281819-2roflnan 216 24 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 216 25 simultaneous simultaneous JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 216 26 impact impact NN cord-281819-2roflnan 216 27 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 216 28 different different JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 216 29 limbs limb NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 216 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 216 31 55 55 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 216 32 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 216 33 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 217 1 Systems system NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 217 2 from from IN cord-281819-2roflnan 217 3 various various JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 217 4 pressure pressure NN cord-281819-2roflnan 217 5 sensor sensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 217 6 manufacturers manufacturer NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 217 7 have have VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 217 8 been be VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 217 9 able able JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 217 10 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 217 11 successfully successfully RB cord-281819-2roflnan 217 12 assess assess VB cord-281819-2roflnan 217 13 locomotion locomotion NN cord-281819-2roflnan 217 14 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 217 15 healthy healthy JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 217 16 cows cow NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 217 17 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 217 18 horses horse NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 217 19 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 217 20 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 217 21 sheep sheep NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 217 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 217 23 59 59 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 217 24 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 217 25 86 86 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 217 26 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 217 27 87 87 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 217 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 217 29 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 218 1 These these DT cord-281819-2roflnan 218 2 systems system NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 218 3 were be VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 218 4 capable capable JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 218 5 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 218 6 assessing assess VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 218 7 lameness lameness NN cord-281819-2roflnan 218 8 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 218 9 cows cow NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 218 10 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 218 11 88 88 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 218 12 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 218 13 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 219 1 Pedometers pedometer NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 219 2 objectively objectively RB cord-281819-2roflnan 219 3 measure measure VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 219 4 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 219 5 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 219 6 's 's POS cord-281819-2roflnan 219 7 total total JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 219 8 number number NN cord-281819-2roflnan 219 9 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 219 10 steps step NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 219 11 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 219 12 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 219 13 total total JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 219 14 distance distance NN cord-281819-2roflnan 219 15 travelled travel VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 219 16 via via IN cord-281819-2roflnan 219 17 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 219 18 algorithm algorithm NN cord-281819-2roflnan 219 19 that that WDT cord-281819-2roflnan 219 20 calculates calculate VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 219 21 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 219 22 steps step NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 219 23 from from IN cord-281819-2roflnan 219 24 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 219 25 raw raw JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 219 26 data datum NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 219 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 219 28 71 71 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 219 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 219 30 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 220 1 While while IN cord-281819-2roflnan 220 2 pedometers pedometer NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 220 3 are be VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 220 4 comparatively comparatively RB cord-281819-2roflnan 220 5 easy easy JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 220 6 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 220 7 deploy deploy VB cord-281819-2roflnan 220 8 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 220 9 use use VB cord-281819-2roflnan 220 10 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 220 11 there there EX cord-281819-2roflnan 220 12 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 220 13 considerable considerable JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 220 14 variation variation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 220 15 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 220 16 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 220 17 number number NN cord-281819-2roflnan 220 18 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 220 19 steps step NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 220 20 traveled travel VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 220 21 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 220 22 each each DT cord-281819-2roflnan 220 23 calf calf NN cord-281819-2roflnan 220 24 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 220 25 different different JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 220 26 days day NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 220 27 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 220 28 environmental environmental JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 220 29 conditions condition NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 220 30 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 221 1 There there EX cord-281819-2roflnan 221 2 might may MD cord-281819-2roflnan 221 3 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 221 4 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 221 5 association association NN cord-281819-2roflnan 221 6 between between IN cord-281819-2roflnan 221 7 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 221 8 distance distance NN cord-281819-2roflnan 221 9 traveled travel VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 221 10 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 221 11 calves calf NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 221 12 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 221 13 stressful stressful JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 221 14 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 221 15 painful painful JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 221 16 procedures procedure NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 221 17 ; ; : cord-281819-2roflnan 221 18 one one CD cord-281819-2roflnan 221 19 study study NN cord-281819-2roflnan 221 20 determined determine VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 221 21 that that IN cord-281819-2roflnan 221 22 calves calf NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 221 23 traveled travel VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 221 24 fewer few JJR cord-281819-2roflnan 221 25 steps step NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 221 26 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 221 27 four four CD cord-281819-2roflnan 221 28 days day NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 221 29 following follow VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 221 30 castration castration NN cord-281819-2roflnan 221 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 221 32 89 89 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 221 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 221 34 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 221 35 while while IN cord-281819-2roflnan 221 36 another another DT cord-281819-2roflnan 221 37 study study NN cord-281819-2roflnan 221 38 showed show VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 221 39 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 221 40 association association NN cord-281819-2roflnan 221 41 between between IN cord-281819-2roflnan 221 42 stress stress NN cord-281819-2roflnan 221 43 experienced experience VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 221 44 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 221 45 calves calf NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 221 46 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 221 47 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 221 48 number number NN cord-281819-2roflnan 221 49 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 221 50 steps step NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 221 51 traveled travel VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 221 52 following follow VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 221 53 castration castration NN cord-281819-2roflnan 221 54 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 222 1 Stress stress NN cord-281819-2roflnan 222 2 influences influence VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 222 3 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 222 4 distance distance NN cord-281819-2roflnan 222 5 traveled travel VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 222 6 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 222 7 calves calf NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 222 8 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 222 9 though though IN cord-281819-2roflnan 222 10 gender gender NN cord-281819-2roflnan 222 11 differences difference NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 222 12 must must MD cord-281819-2roflnan 222 13 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 222 14 accounted account VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 222 15 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 222 16 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 222 17 such such JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 222 18 studies study NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 222 19 ; ; : cord-281819-2roflnan 222 20 it -PRON- PRP cord-281819-2roflnan 222 21 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 222 22 observed observe VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 222 23 that that IN cord-281819-2roflnan 222 24 steers steer NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 222 25 travel travel VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 222 26 fewer few JJR cord-281819-2roflnan 222 27 steps step NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 222 28 per per IN cord-281819-2roflnan 222 29 day day NN cord-281819-2roflnan 222 30 than than IN cord-281819-2roflnan 222 31 bulls bull NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 222 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 222 33 89 89 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 222 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 222 35 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 223 1 Pedometers pedometer NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 223 2 have have VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 223 3 reportedly reportedly RB cord-281819-2roflnan 223 4 been be VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 223 5 useful useful JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 223 6 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 223 7 intelligently intelligently RB cord-281819-2roflnan 223 8 designed design VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 223 9 experiments experiment NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 223 10 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 223 11 investigate investigate VB cord-281819-2roflnan 223 12 changes change NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 223 13 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 223 14 behavior behavior NN cord-281819-2roflnan 223 15 after after IN cord-281819-2roflnan 223 16 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 223 17 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 223 18 go go VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 223 19 through through IN cord-281819-2roflnan 223 20 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 223 21 painful painful JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 223 22 experience experience NN cord-281819-2roflnan 223 23 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 224 1 Pedometers pedometer NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 224 2 have have VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 224 3 been be VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 224 4 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 224 5 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 224 6 identification identification NN cord-281819-2roflnan 224 7 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 224 8 early early JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 224 9 lameness lameness NN cord-281819-2roflnan 224 10 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 224 11 dairy dairy NN cord-281819-2roflnan 224 12 cattle cattle NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 224 13 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 224 14 though though IN cord-281819-2roflnan 224 15 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 224 16 15 15 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 224 17 % % NN cord-281819-2roflnan 224 18 decrease decrease NN cord-281819-2roflnan 224 19 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 224 20 activity activity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 224 21 was be VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 224 22 required require VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 224 23 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 224 24 order order NN cord-281819-2roflnan 224 25 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 224 26 accurately accurately RB cord-281819-2roflnan 224 27 detect detect VB cord-281819-2roflnan 224 28 92 92 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 224 29 % % NN cord-281819-2roflnan 224 30 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 224 31 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 224 32 lame lame JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 224 33 cattle cattle NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 224 34 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 224 35 90 90 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 224 36 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 224 37 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 225 1 Pedometers pedometer NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 225 2 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 225 3 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 225 4 valuable valuable JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 225 5 tools tool NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 225 6 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 225 7 detecting detect VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 225 8 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 225 9 assessing assess VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 225 10 musculoskeletal musculoskeletal JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 225 11 pain pain NN cord-281819-2roflnan 225 12 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 225 13 they -PRON- PRP cord-281819-2roflnan 225 14 rely rely VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 225 15 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 225 16 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 225 17 direct direct JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 225 18 quantification quantification NN cord-281819-2roflnan 225 19 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 225 20 locomotion locomotion NN cord-281819-2roflnan 225 21 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 226 1 TIR TIR NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 226 2 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 226 3 RGB RGB NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 226 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 226 5 red red JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 226 6 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 226 7 green green JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 226 8 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 226 9 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 226 10 blue blue JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 227 1 ) ) -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 227 2 image image NN cord-281819-2roflnan 227 3 based base VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 227 4 sensor sensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 227 5 data data NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 227 6 has have VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 227 7 reportedly reportedly RB cord-281819-2roflnan 227 8 been be VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 227 9 useful useful JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 227 10 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 227 11 evaluating evaluate VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 227 12 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 227 13 walking walk VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 227 14 posture posture NN cord-281819-2roflnan 227 15 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 227 16 gait gait JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 227 17 analysis analysis NN cord-281819-2roflnan 227 18 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 227 19 cattle cattle NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 227 20 through through IN cord-281819-2roflnan 227 21 recorded record VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 227 22 videos video NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 227 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 227 24 91 91 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 227 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 227 26 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 228 1 Changes change NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 228 2 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 228 3 posture posture NN cord-281819-2roflnan 228 4 while while IN cord-281819-2roflnan 228 5 walking walk VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 228 6 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 228 7 indicate indicate VB cord-281819-2roflnan 228 8 skeletal skeletal JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 228 9 problems problem NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 228 10 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 228 11 livestock livestock NN cord-281819-2roflnan 228 12 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 228 13 so so IN cord-281819-2roflnan 228 14 TIR TIR NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 228 15 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 228 16 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 228 17 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 228 18 implemented implement VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 228 19 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 228 20 judge judge VB cord-281819-2roflnan 228 21 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 228 22 well well RB cord-281819-2roflnan 228 23 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 228 24 being being NN cord-281819-2roflnan 228 25 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 229 1 Various various JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 229 2 research research NN cord-281819-2roflnan 229 3 investigations investigation NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 229 4 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 229 5 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 229 6 last last JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 229 7 decade decade NN cord-281819-2roflnan 229 8 have have VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 229 9 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 229 10 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 229 11 advantage advantage NN cord-281819-2roflnan 229 12 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 229 13 GPS GPS NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 229 14 telemetry telemetry NN cord-281819-2roflnan 229 15 devices device NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 229 16 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 229 17 assessing assess VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 229 18 livestock livestock NN cord-281819-2roflnan 229 19 behavior behavior NN cord-281819-2roflnan 229 20 when when WRB cord-281819-2roflnan 229 21 used use VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 229 22 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 229 23 combination combination NN cord-281819-2roflnan 229 24 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 229 25 other other JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 229 26 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 229 27 / / SYM cord-281819-2roflnan 229 28 devices device NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 229 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 229 30 50 50 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 229 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 229 32 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 230 1 This this DT cord-281819-2roflnan 230 2 has have VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 230 3 been be VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 230 4 used use VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 230 5 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 230 6 distinguish distinguish VB cord-281819-2roflnan 230 7 between between IN cord-281819-2roflnan 230 8 activities activity NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 230 9 or or CC cord-281819-2roflnan 230 10 assess assess VB cord-281819-2roflnan 230 11 energy energy NN cord-281819-2roflnan 230 12 expenditure expenditure NN cord-281819-2roflnan 230 13 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 230 14 53 53 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 230 15 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 230 16 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 231 1 GPS GPS NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 231 2 collars collar NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 231 3 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 231 4 activity activity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 231 5 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 231 6 form form VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 231 7 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 231 8 efficient efficient JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 231 9 technique technique NN cord-281819-2roflnan 231 10 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 231 11 simultaneously simultaneously RB cord-281819-2roflnan 231 12 monitoring monitor VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 231 13 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 231 14 movements movement NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 231 15 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 231 16 grazing graze VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 231 17 livestock livestock NN cord-281819-2roflnan 231 18 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 231 19 inferring infer VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 231 20 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 231 21 behavior behavior NN cord-281819-2roflnan 231 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 231 23 52 52 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 231 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 231 25 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 232 1 RTLS RTLS NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 232 2 have have VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 232 3 been be VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 232 4 developed develop VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 232 5 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 232 6 locate locate VB cord-281819-2roflnan 232 7 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 232 8 position position NN cord-281819-2roflnan 232 9 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 232 10 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 232 11 object object NN cord-281819-2roflnan 232 12 anywhere anywhere RB cord-281819-2roflnan 232 13 inside inside IN cord-281819-2roflnan 232 14 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 232 15 specific specific JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 232 16 area area NN cord-281819-2roflnan 232 17 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 233 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 233 2 design design NN cord-281819-2roflnan 233 3 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 233 4 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 233 5 RTLS RTLS NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 233 6 consists consist VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 233 7 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 233 8 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 233 9 receiver receiver NN cord-281819-2roflnan 233 10 positioned position VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 233 11 closer close RBR cord-281819-2roflnan 233 12 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 233 13 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 233 14 desired desire VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 233 15 monitoring monitoring NN cord-281819-2roflnan 233 16 space space NN cord-281819-2roflnan 233 17 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 233 18 active active JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 233 19 or or CC cord-281819-2roflnan 233 20 passive passive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 233 21 tags tag NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 233 22 deployed deploy VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 233 23 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 233 24 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 233 25 target target NN cord-281819-2roflnan 233 26 objects object NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 233 27 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 233 28 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 233 29 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 233 30 hardware hardware NN cord-281819-2roflnan 233 31 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 233 32 software software NN cord-281819-2roflnan 233 33 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 233 34 receive receive VB cord-281819-2roflnan 233 35 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 233 36 interpret interpret VB cord-281819-2roflnan 233 37 positional positional JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 233 38 data datum NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 233 39 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 234 1 Tags tag NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 234 2 used use VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 234 3 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 234 4 RTLSs rtls NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 234 5 are be VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 234 6 typically typically RB cord-281819-2roflnan 234 7 smaller small JJR cord-281819-2roflnan 234 8 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 234 9 size size NN cord-281819-2roflnan 234 10 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 234 11 have have VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 234 12 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 234 13 longer long JJR cord-281819-2roflnan 234 14 battery battery NN cord-281819-2roflnan 234 15 life life NN cord-281819-2roflnan 234 16 than than IN cord-281819-2roflnan 234 17 existing exist VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 234 18 GPS GPS NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 234 19 systems system NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 234 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 234 21 71 71 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 234 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 234 23 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 235 1 RTLS RTLS NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 235 2 technology technology NN cord-281819-2roflnan 235 3 has have VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 235 4 been be VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 235 5 investigated investigate VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 235 6 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 235 7 assess assess VB cord-281819-2roflnan 235 8 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 235 9 association association NN cord-281819-2roflnan 235 10 between between IN cord-281819-2roflnan 235 11 behaviors behavior NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 235 12 like like IN cord-281819-2roflnan 235 13 distance distance NN cord-281819-2roflnan 235 14 travelled travel VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 235 15 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 235 16 duration duration NN cord-281819-2roflnan 235 17 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 235 18 time time NN cord-281819-2roflnan 235 19 spent spend VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 235 20 at at IN cord-281819-2roflnan 235 21 feed feed NN cord-281819-2roflnan 235 22 bunk bunk NN cord-281819-2roflnan 235 23 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 235 24 clinical clinical JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 235 25 illness illness NN cord-281819-2roflnan 235 26 scores score NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 235 27 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 236 1 An an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 236 2 association association NN cord-281819-2roflnan 236 3 was be VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 236 4 also also RB cord-281819-2roflnan 236 5 found find VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 236 6 between between IN cord-281819-2roflnan 236 7 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 236 8 distance distance NN cord-281819-2roflnan 236 9 travelled travel VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 236 10 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 236 11 calves calf NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 236 12 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 236 13 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 236 14 level level NN cord-281819-2roflnan 236 15 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 236 16 lung lung NN cord-281819-2roflnan 236 17 consolidation consolidation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 236 18 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 236 19 RTLS RTLS NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 236 20 monitoring monitoring NN cord-281819-2roflnan 236 21 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 236 22 which which WDT cord-281819-2roflnan 236 23 indicated indicate VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 236 24 that that IN cord-281819-2roflnan 236 25 assessing assess VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 236 26 movement movement NN cord-281819-2roflnan 236 27 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 236 28 help help VB cord-281819-2roflnan 236 29 evaluate evaluate VB cord-281819-2roflnan 236 30 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 236 31 wellness wellness NN cord-281819-2roflnan 236 32 status status NN cord-281819-2roflnan 236 33 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 236 34 livestock livestock NN cord-281819-2roflnan 236 35 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 236 36 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 236 37 92 92 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 236 38 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 236 39 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 237 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 237 2 associations association NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 237 3 derived derive VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 237 4 from from IN cord-281819-2roflnan 237 5 these these DT cord-281819-2roflnan 237 6 studies study NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 237 7 strongly strongly RB cord-281819-2roflnan 237 8 suggest suggest VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 237 9 that that IN cord-281819-2roflnan 237 10 RTLS RTLS NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 237 11 platform platform NN cord-281819-2roflnan 237 12 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 237 13 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 237 14 legitimate legitimate JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 237 15 tool tool NN cord-281819-2roflnan 237 16 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 237 17 producing produce VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 237 18 quantitative quantitative JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 237 19 measurements measurement NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 237 20 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 237 21 cattle cattle NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 237 22 activity activity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 237 23 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 238 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-281819-2roflnan 238 2 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 238 3 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 238 4 further far RBR cord-281819-2roflnan 238 5 helpful helpful JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 238 6 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 238 7 evaluating evaluate VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 238 8 significant significant JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 238 9 changes change NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 238 10 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 238 11 pain pain NN cord-281819-2roflnan 238 12 status status NN cord-281819-2roflnan 238 13 or or CC cord-281819-2roflnan 238 14 wellness wellness NN cord-281819-2roflnan 238 15 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 238 16 response response NN cord-281819-2roflnan 238 17 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 238 18 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 238 19 intervention intervention NN cord-281819-2roflnan 238 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 238 21 71 71 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 238 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 238 23 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 239 1 RTLS RTLS NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 239 2 has have VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 239 3 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 239 4 distinctive distinctive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 239 5 advantage advantage NN cord-281819-2roflnan 239 6 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 239 7 monitoring monitor VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 239 8 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 239 9 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 239 10 's 's POS cord-281819-2roflnan 239 11 location location NN cord-281819-2roflnan 239 12 anywhere anywhere RB cord-281819-2roflnan 239 13 within within IN cord-281819-2roflnan 239 14 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 239 15 farm farm NN cord-281819-2roflnan 239 16 ; ; : cord-281819-2roflnan 239 17 therefore therefore RB cord-281819-2roflnan 239 18 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 239 19 it -PRON- PRP cord-281819-2roflnan 239 20 does do VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 239 21 not not RB cord-281819-2roflnan 239 22 restrict restrict VB cord-281819-2roflnan 239 23 assessment assessment NN cord-281819-2roflnan 239 24 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 239 25 only only RB cord-281819-2roflnan 239 26 drinking drink VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 239 27 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 239 28 feeding feeding NN cord-281819-2roflnan 239 29 behaviors behavior NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 239 30 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 240 1 Vocalization Vocalization NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 240 2 process process NN cord-281819-2roflnan 240 3 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 240 4 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 240 5 happens happen VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 240 6 through through IN cord-281819-2roflnan 240 7 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 240 8 active active JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 240 9 generation generation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 240 10 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 240 11 sounds sound NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 240 12 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 240 13 organs organ NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 240 14 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 240 15 express express VB cord-281819-2roflnan 240 16 distinct distinct JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 240 17 physiological physiological JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 240 18 status status NN cord-281819-2roflnan 240 19 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 241 1 Vocalization Vocalization NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 241 2 may may MD cord-281819-2roflnan 241 3 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 241 4 spontaneous spontaneous JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 241 5 or or CC cord-281819-2roflnan 241 6 triggered trigger VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 241 7 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 241 8 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 241 9 external external JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 241 10 event event NN cord-281819-2roflnan 241 11 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 241 12 93 93 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 241 13 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 241 14 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 241 15 but but CC cord-281819-2roflnan 241 16 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-281819-2roflnan 241 17 reflection reflection NN cord-281819-2roflnan 241 18 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 241 19 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 241 20 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 241 21 's 's POS cord-281819-2roflnan 241 22 inner inner JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 241 23 state state NN cord-281819-2roflnan 241 24 makes make VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 241 25 them -PRON- PRP cord-281819-2roflnan 241 26 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 241 27 efficient efficient JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 241 28 tool tool NN cord-281819-2roflnan 241 29 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 241 30 monitoring monitor VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 241 31 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 241 32 wellbeing wellbeing NN cord-281819-2roflnan 241 33 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 241 34 stress stress NN cord-281819-2roflnan 241 35 response response NN cord-281819-2roflnan 241 36 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 241 37 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 241 38 interaction interaction NN cord-281819-2roflnan 241 39 among among IN cord-281819-2roflnan 241 40 species specie NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 241 41 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 242 1 Heat heat NN cord-281819-2roflnan 242 2 stress stress NN cord-281819-2roflnan 242 3 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 242 4 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 242 5 important important JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 242 6 environmental environmental JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 242 7 stressor stressor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 242 8 affecting affect VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 242 9 poultry poultry NN cord-281819-2roflnan 242 10 production production NN cord-281819-2roflnan 242 11 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 242 12 welfare welfare NN cord-281819-2roflnan 242 13 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 242 14 specifically specifically RB cord-281819-2roflnan 242 15 growth growth NN cord-281819-2roflnan 242 16 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 242 17 egg egg NN cord-281819-2roflnan 242 18 production production NN cord-281819-2roflnan 242 19 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 242 20 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 242 21 impaired impair VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 242 22 poultry poultry NN cord-281819-2roflnan 242 23 health health NN cord-281819-2roflnan 242 24 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 243 1 Changes change NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 243 2 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 243 3 behavioral behavioral JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 243 4 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 243 5 physiological physiological JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 243 6 responses response NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 243 7 due due JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 243 8 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 243 9 heat heat NN cord-281819-2roflnan 243 10 stress stress NN cord-281819-2roflnan 243 11 might may MD cord-281819-2roflnan 243 12 manifest manifest VB cord-281819-2roflnan 243 13 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 243 14 distinct distinct JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 243 15 vocalizations vocalization NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 243 16 such such JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 243 17 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 243 18 gakel gakel NN cord-281819-2roflnan 243 19 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 243 20 squawk squawk VB cord-281819-2roflnan 243 21 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 243 22 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 243 23 alarm alarm NN cord-281819-2roflnan 243 24 calls call NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 243 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 243 26 94 94 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 243 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 243 28 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 244 1 Du Du NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 244 2 et et FW cord-281819-2roflnan 244 3 al al NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 244 4 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 245 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 245 2 95 95 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 245 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 245 4 have have VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 245 5 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 245 6 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 245 7 correlation correlation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 245 8 between between IN cord-281819-2roflnan 245 9 vocalization vocalization NN cord-281819-2roflnan 245 10 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 245 11 egg egg NN cord-281819-2roflnan 245 12 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 245 13 laying lay VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 245 14 hens hen NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 245 15 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 245 16 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 245 17 temperature temperature NN cord-281819-2roflnan 245 18 humidity humidity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 245 19 index index NN cord-281819-2roflnan 245 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 245 21 THI THI NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 245 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 245 23 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 246 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 246 2 authors author NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 246 3 specifically specifically RB cord-281819-2roflnan 246 4 concentrated concentrate VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 246 5 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 246 6 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 246 7 quantitative quantitative JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 246 8 measurement measurement NN cord-281819-2roflnan 246 9 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 246 10 frustration frustration NN cord-281819-2roflnan 246 11 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 246 12 related relate VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 246 13 vocalizations vocalization NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 246 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 246 15 squawk squawk VB cord-281819-2roflnan 246 16 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 246 17 gakel gakel NN cord-281819-2roflnan 246 18 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 246 19 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 246 20 alarm alarm NN cord-281819-2roflnan 246 21 calls call NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 246 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 246 23 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 246 24 concluded conclude VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 246 25 that that IN cord-281819-2roflnan 246 26 specific specific JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 246 27 vocalizations vocalization NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 246 28 such such JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 246 29 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 246 30 poultry poultry NN cord-281819-2roflnan 246 31 squawk squawk NN cord-281819-2roflnan 246 32 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 246 33 alarm alarm NN cord-281819-2roflnan 246 34 calls call NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 246 35 are be VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 246 36 significantly significantly RB cord-281819-2roflnan 246 37 correlated correlate VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 246 38 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 246 39 THI THI NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 246 40 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 247 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-281819-2roflnan 247 2 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 247 3 because because IN cord-281819-2roflnan 247 4 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 247 5 thermal thermal JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 247 6 inertia inertia NN cord-281819-2roflnan 247 7 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 247 8 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 247 9 henhouse henhouse NN cord-281819-2roflnan 247 10 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 247 11 which which WDT cord-281819-2roflnan 247 12 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 247 13 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 247 14 potential potential JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 247 15 early early JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 247 16 warning warn VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 247 17 detection detection NN cord-281819-2roflnan 247 18 tool tool NN cord-281819-2roflnan 247 19 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 247 20 avoid avoid VB cord-281819-2roflnan 247 21 lags lag NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 247 22 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 247 23 monitoring monitor VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 247 24 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 247 25 ambient ambient JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 247 26 environment environment NN cord-281819-2roflnan 247 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 247 28 95 95 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 247 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 247 30 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 248 1 Acoustic acoustic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 248 2 monitoring monitoring NN cord-281819-2roflnan 248 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 248 4 or or CC cord-281819-2roflnan 248 5 vocalization vocalization NN cord-281819-2roflnan 248 6 measurement measurement NN cord-281819-2roflnan 248 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 248 8 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 248 9 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 248 10 non non JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 248 11 - - JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 248 12 invasive invasive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 248 13 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 248 14 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 248 15 accurate accurate JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 248 16 method method NN cord-281819-2roflnan 248 17 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 248 18 measuring measure VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 248 19 biological biological JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 248 20 responses response NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 248 21 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 248 22 livestock livestock NN cord-281819-2roflnan 248 23 ; ; : cord-281819-2roflnan 248 24 it -PRON- PRP cord-281819-2roflnan 248 25 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 248 26 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 248 27 used use VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 248 28 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 248 29 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 248 30 indicator indicator NN cord-281819-2roflnan 248 31 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 248 32 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 248 33 well well RB cord-281819-2roflnan 248 34 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 248 35 being be VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 248 36 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 248 37 precision precision NN cord-281819-2roflnan 248 38 livestock livestock NN cord-281819-2roflnan 248 39 farming farming NN cord-281819-2roflnan 248 40 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 248 41 which which WDT cord-281819-2roflnan 248 42 focusses focusse VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 248 43 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 248 44 addressing address VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 248 45 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 248 46 welfare welfare NN cord-281819-2roflnan 248 47 concerns concern NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 248 48 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 248 49 facilitating facilitate VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 248 50 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 248 51 automated automated JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 248 52 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 248 53 continuous continuous JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 248 54 monitoring monitoring NN cord-281819-2roflnan 248 55 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 248 56 livestock livestock NN cord-281819-2roflnan 248 57 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 248 58 enabling enable VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 248 59 timely timely JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 248 60 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 248 61 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 248 62 interventions intervention NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 248 63 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 248 64 96 96 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 248 65 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 248 66 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 249 1 Changes change NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 249 2 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 249 3 sound sound JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 249 4 pressure pressure NN cord-281819-2roflnan 249 5 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 249 6 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 249 7 transformed transform VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 249 8 into into IN cord-281819-2roflnan 249 9 electrical electrical JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 249 10 signals signal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 249 11 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 249 12 which which WDT cord-281819-2roflnan 249 13 are be VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 249 14 then then RB cord-281819-2roflnan 249 15 received receive VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 249 16 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 249 17 audio audio JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 249 18 equipment equipment NN cord-281819-2roflnan 249 19 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 249 20 processed process VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 249 21 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 249 22 digital digital JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 249 23 signals signal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 249 24 using use VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 249 25 signal signal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 249 26 processing processing NN cord-281819-2roflnan 249 27 techniques technique NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 249 28 through through IN cord-281819-2roflnan 249 29 standard standard JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 249 30 computers computer NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 249 31 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 250 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 250 2 definite definite JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 250 3 evaluation evaluation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 250 4 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 250 5 audio audio JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 250 6 data data NN cord-281819-2roflnan 250 7 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 250 8 typically typically RB cord-281819-2roflnan 250 9 based base VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 250 10 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 250 11 spectral spectral JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 250 12 analysis analysis NN cord-281819-2roflnan 250 13 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 250 14 where where WRB cord-281819-2roflnan 250 15 acoustic acoustic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 250 16 signals signal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 250 17 automatically automatically RB cord-281819-2roflnan 250 18 separate separate VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 250 19 into into IN cord-281819-2roflnan 250 20 bands band NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 250 21 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 250 22 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 250 23 frequencies frequency NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 250 24 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 251 1 This this DT cord-281819-2roflnan 251 2 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 251 3 then then RB cord-281819-2roflnan 251 4 followed follow VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 251 5 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 251 6 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 251 7 processing processing NN cord-281819-2roflnan 251 8 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 251 9 57 57 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 251 10 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 251 11 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 252 1 Vocalization Vocalization NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 252 2 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 252 3 pigs pig NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 252 4 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 252 5 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 252 6 used use VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 252 7 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 252 8 several several JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 252 9 different different JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 252 10 purposes purpose NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 252 11 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 252 12 such such JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 252 13 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 252 14 identification identification NN cord-281819-2roflnan 252 15 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 252 16 sex sex NN cord-281819-2roflnan 252 17 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 252 18 age age NN cord-281819-2roflnan 252 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 252 20 Figure figure NN cord-281819-2roflnan 252 21 2 2 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 252 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 252 23 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 252 24 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 252 25 stress stress NN cord-281819-2roflnan 252 26 levels level NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 252 27 through through IN cord-281819-2roflnan 252 28 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 252 29 decision decision NN cord-281819-2roflnan 252 30 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 252 31 tree tree NN cord-281819-2roflnan 252 32 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 252 33 classify classify VB cord-281819-2roflnan 252 34 distress distress NN cord-281819-2roflnan 252 35 condition condition NN cord-281819-2roflnan 252 36 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 252 37 pigs pig NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 252 38 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 252 39 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 252 40 accuracy accuracy NN cord-281819-2roflnan 252 41 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 252 42 81.92 81.92 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 252 43 % % NN cord-281819-2roflnan 252 44 using use VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 252 45 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 252 46 machine machine NN cord-281819-2roflnan 252 47 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 252 48 learning learn VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 252 49 technique technique NN cord-281819-2roflnan 252 50 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 252 51 97 97 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 252 52 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 252 53 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 253 1 In in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 253 2 turkey turkey NN cord-281819-2roflnan 253 3 farming farming NN cord-281819-2roflnan 253 4 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 253 5 cannibalism cannibalism NN cord-281819-2roflnan 253 6 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 253 7 identified identify VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 253 8 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 253 9 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 253 10 major major JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 253 11 problem problem NN cord-281819-2roflnan 253 12 resulting result VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 253 13 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 253 14 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 253 15 stress stress NN cord-281819-2roflnan 253 16 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 253 17 loss loss NN cord-281819-2roflnan 253 18 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 253 19 productivity productivity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 253 20 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 254 1 Certain certain JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 254 2 behavioral behavioral JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 254 3 changes change NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 254 4 have have VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 254 5 been be VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 254 6 identified identify VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 254 7 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 254 8 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 254 9 prior prior RB cord-281819-2roflnan 254 10 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 254 11 cannibalistic cannibalistic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 254 12 behavior behavior NN cord-281819-2roflnan 254 13 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 254 14 including include VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 254 15 pecking pecking NN cord-281819-2roflnan 254 16 activity activity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 254 17 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 255 1 Acoustic acoustic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 255 2 data data NN cord-281819-2roflnan 255 3 analysis analysis NN cord-281819-2roflnan 255 4 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 255 5 combination combination NN cord-281819-2roflnan 255 6 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 255 7 machine machine NN cord-281819-2roflnan 255 8 learning learning NN cord-281819-2roflnan 255 9 techniques technique NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 255 10 has have VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 255 11 been be VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 255 12 tested test VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 255 13 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 255 14 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 255 15 tool tool NN cord-281819-2roflnan 255 16 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 255 17 continuously continuously RB cord-281819-2roflnan 255 18 monitor monitor VB cord-281819-2roflnan 255 19 pecking pecking NN cord-281819-2roflnan 255 20 activity activity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 255 21 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 255 22 potential potential JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 255 23 use use NN cord-281819-2roflnan 255 24 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 255 25 turkey turkey NN cord-281819-2roflnan 255 26 farms farm NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 255 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 255 28 98 98 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 255 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 255 30 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 256 1 Currently currently RB cord-281819-2roflnan 256 2 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 256 3 there there EX cord-281819-2roflnan 256 4 are be VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 256 5 no no DT cord-281819-2roflnan 256 6 tangible tangible JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 256 7 ways way NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 256 8 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 256 9 measure measure VB cord-281819-2roflnan 256 10 reproductive reproductive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 256 11 performance performance NN cord-281819-2roflnan 256 12 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 256 13 especially especially RB cord-281819-2roflnan 256 14 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 256 15 respect respect NN cord-281819-2roflnan 256 16 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 256 17 uterine uterine JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 256 18 contractility contractility NN cord-281819-2roflnan 256 19 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 256 20 suitable suitable JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 256 21 diagnostic diagnostic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 256 22 tests test NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 256 23 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 256 24 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 256 25 onset onset NN cord-281819-2roflnan 256 26 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 256 27 labor labor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 256 28 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 256 29 sows sow NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 256 30 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 257 1 Unsuitable unsuitable JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 257 2 uterine uterine JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 257 3 contractility contractility NN cord-281819-2roflnan 257 4 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 257 5 result result VB cord-281819-2roflnan 257 6 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 257 7 embryonic embryonic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 257 8 loss loss NN cord-281819-2roflnan 257 9 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 257 10 miscarriages miscarriage NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 257 11 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 257 12 ectopic ectopic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 257 13 pregnancies pregnancy NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 257 14 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 257 15 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 257 16 abnormalities abnormality NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 257 17 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 257 18 puerperium puerperium NN cord-281819-2roflnan 257 19 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 257 20 sow sow NN cord-281819-2roflnan 257 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 257 22 100 100 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 257 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 257 24 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 258 1 One one CD cord-281819-2roflnan 258 2 potential potential JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 258 3 diagnostic diagnostic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 258 4 tool tool NN cord-281819-2roflnan 258 5 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 258 6 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 258 7 measurement measurement NN cord-281819-2roflnan 258 8 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 258 9 bioelectric bioelectric JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 258 10 signals signal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 258 11 from from IN cord-281819-2roflnan 258 12 swine swine NN cord-281819-2roflnan 258 13 uterus uterus NN cord-281819-2roflnan 258 14 using use VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 258 15 electromyography electromyography NN cord-281819-2roflnan 258 16 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 258 17 magnetomyography magnetomyography NN cord-281819-2roflnan 258 18 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 259 1 To to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 259 2 overcome overcome VB cord-281819-2roflnan 259 3 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 259 4 drawbacks drawback NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 259 5 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 259 6 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 259 7 crude crude JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 259 8 uterine uterine JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 259 9 contraction contraction NN cord-281819-2roflnan 259 10 information information NN cord-281819-2roflnan 259 11 obtained obtain VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 259 12 through through IN cord-281819-2roflnan 259 13 tocodynamometer tocodynamometer NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 259 14 or or CC cord-281819-2roflnan 259 15 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 259 16 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 259 17 intrauterine intrauterine JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 259 18 pressure pressure NN cord-281819-2roflnan 259 19 catheter catheter NN cord-281819-2roflnan 259 20 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 259 21 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 259 22 3D 3d JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 259 23 uterine uterine JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 259 24 electrical electrical JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 259 25 activation activation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 259 26 pattern pattern NN cord-281819-2roflnan 259 27 measurement measurement NN cord-281819-2roflnan 259 28 system system NN cord-281819-2roflnan 259 29 has have VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 259 30 been be VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 259 31 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 259 32 using use VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 259 33 electro electro JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 259 34 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 259 35 myometrial myometrial JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 259 36 imaging imaging NN cord-281819-2roflnan 259 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 259 38 EMMI EMMI NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 259 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 259 40 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 259 41 101 101 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 259 42 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 259 43 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 260 1 EMMI EMMI NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 260 2 surface surface NN cord-281819-2roflnan 260 3 electrical electrical JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 260 4 recording recording NN cord-281819-2roflnan 260 5 has have VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 260 6 been be VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 260 7 shown show VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 260 8 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 260 9 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 260 10 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 260 11 safe safe JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 260 12 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 260 13 accurate accurate JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 260 14 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 260 15 non non JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 260 16 - - JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 260 17 invasive invasive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 260 18 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 260 19 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 260 20 feasible feasible JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 260 21 method method NN cord-281819-2roflnan 260 22 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 260 23 measure measure VB cord-281819-2roflnan 260 24 uterine uterine JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 260 25 contractions contraction NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 260 26 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 260 27 sheep sheep NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 260 28 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 261 1 Electrophysiological Electrophysiological NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 261 2 studies study NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 261 3 using use VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 261 4 electromyogram electromyogram NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 261 5 sensing sense VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 261 6 systems system NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 261 7 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 261 8 Domino Domino NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 261 9 et et FW cord-281819-2roflnan 261 10 al al NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 261 11 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 262 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 262 2 102 102 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 262 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 262 4 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 262 5 that that IN cord-281819-2roflnan 262 6 myoelectric myoelectric JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 262 7 activity activity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 262 8 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 262 9 various various JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 262 10 regions region NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 262 11 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 262 12 sows sow NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 262 13 ' ' POS cord-281819-2roflnan 262 14 reproductive reproductive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 262 15 tract tract NN cord-281819-2roflnan 262 16 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 262 17 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 262 18 used use VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 262 19 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 262 20 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 262 21 reliable reliable JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 262 22 measurement measurement NN cord-281819-2roflnan 262 23 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 262 24 assess assess VB cord-281819-2roflnan 262 25 pregnancy pregnancy NN cord-281819-2roflnan 262 26 health health NN cord-281819-2roflnan 262 27 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 262 28 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 262 29 contractility contractility NN cord-281819-2roflnan 262 30 regulation regulation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 262 31 was be VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 262 32 superiorly superiorly RB cord-281819-2roflnan 262 33 observed observe VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 262 34 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 262 35 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 262 36 uterine uterine JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 262 37 horn horn NN cord-281819-2roflnan 262 38 tip tip NN cord-281819-2roflnan 262 39 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 263 1 A a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 263 2 tocodynamometer tocodynamometer NN cord-281819-2roflnan 263 3 provides provide VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 263 4 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 263 5 indirect indirect JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 263 6 measure measure NN cord-281819-2roflnan 263 7 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 263 8 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 263 9 intrauterine intrauterine JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 263 10 pressure pressure NN cord-281819-2roflnan 263 11 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 263 12 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 263 13 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 263 14 current current JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 263 15 standard standard JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 263 16 method method NN cord-281819-2roflnan 263 17 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 263 18 determine determine VB cord-281819-2roflnan 263 19 labor labor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 263 20 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 264 1 A a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 264 2 combination combination NN cord-281819-2roflnan 264 3 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 264 4 electromyography electromyography NN cord-281819-2roflnan 264 5 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 264 6 magnetomyography magnetomyography NN cord-281819-2roflnan 264 7 sensing sensing NN cord-281819-2roflnan 264 8 platforms platform NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 264 9 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 264 10 expected expect VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 264 11 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 264 12 replace replace VB cord-281819-2roflnan 264 13 tocodynamometers tocodynamometer NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 264 14 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 264 15 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 264 16 near near JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 264 17 future future NN cord-281819-2roflnan 264 18 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 265 1 In in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 265 2 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 265 3 preliminary preliminary JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 265 4 study study NN cord-281819-2roflnan 265 5 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 265 6 Brassel Brassel NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 265 7 et et NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 265 8 al al NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 265 9 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 266 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 266 2 103 103 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 266 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 266 4 have have VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 266 5 evaluated evaluate VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 266 6 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 266 7 performance performance NN cord-281819-2roflnan 266 8 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 266 9 automated automate VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 266 10 health health NN cord-281819-2roflnan 266 11 monitoring monitoring NN cord-281819-2roflnan 266 12 integrated integrate VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 266 13 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 266 14 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 266 15 accelerometer accelerometer NN cord-281819-2roflnan 266 16 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 266 17 based base VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 266 18 estrus estrus NN cord-281819-2roflnan 266 19 detection detection NN cord-281819-2roflnan 266 20 system system NN cord-281819-2roflnan 266 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 266 22 ODS ODS NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 266 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 266 24 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 266 25 dairy dairy NN cord-281819-2roflnan 266 26 cows cow NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 266 27 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 266 28 pasture pasture NN cord-281819-2roflnan 266 29 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 267 1 Although although IN cord-281819-2roflnan 267 2 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 267 3 ODS ODS NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 267 4 was be VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 267 5 able able JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 267 6 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 267 7 flag flag VB cord-281819-2roflnan 267 8 health health NN cord-281819-2roflnan 267 9 problems problem NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 267 10 faster fast RBR cord-281819-2roflnan 267 11 than than IN cord-281819-2roflnan 267 12 human human JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 267 13 farmers farmer NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 267 14 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 267 15 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 267 16 use use NN cord-281819-2roflnan 267 17 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 267 18 ODS ODS NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 267 19 generated generate VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 267 20 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 267 21 extremely extremely RB cord-281819-2roflnan 267 22 high high JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 267 23 rate rate NN cord-281819-2roflnan 267 24 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 267 25 false false JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 267 26 positives positive NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 267 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 267 28 103 103 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 267 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 267 30 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 267 31 _SP cord-281819-2roflnan 268 1 Currently currently RB cord-281819-2roflnan 268 2 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 268 3 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 268 4 activity activity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 268 5 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 268 6 based base VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 268 7 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 268 8 used use VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 268 9 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 268 10 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 268 11 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 268 12 farming farming NN cord-281819-2roflnan 268 13 industry industry NN cord-281819-2roflnan 268 14 are be VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 268 15 optical optical JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 268 16 or or CC cord-281819-2roflnan 268 17 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 268 18 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 268 19 attached attach VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 268 20 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 268 21 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 269 1 While while IN cord-281819-2roflnan 269 2 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 269 3 attached attach VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 269 4 directly directly RB cord-281819-2roflnan 269 5 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 269 6 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 269 7 are be VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 269 8 difficult difficult JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 269 9 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 269 10 manage manage VB cord-281819-2roflnan 269 11 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 269 12 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 269 13 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 269 14 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 269 15 optical optical JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 269 16 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 269 17 decreases decrease VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 269 18 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 269 19 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 269 20 presence presence NN cord-281819-2roflnan 269 21 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 269 22 dirt dirt NN cord-281819-2roflnan 269 23 or or CC cord-281819-2roflnan 269 24 changes change NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 269 25 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 269 26 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 269 27 ambient ambient JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 269 28 lighting lighting NN cord-281819-2roflnan 269 29 conditions condition NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 269 30 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 270 1 In in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 270 2 cases case NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 270 3 where where WRB cord-281819-2roflnan 270 4 spatial spatial JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 270 5 distribution distribution NN cord-281819-2roflnan 270 6 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 270 7 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 270 8 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 270 9 movement movement NN cord-281819-2roflnan 270 10 or or CC cord-281819-2roflnan 270 11 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 270 12 activity activity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 270 13 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 270 14 irrelevant irrelevant JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 270 15 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 270 16 Manteuffel Manteuffel NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 270 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 270 18 99 99 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 270 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 270 20 has have VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 270 21 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 270 22 that that IN cord-281819-2roflnan 270 23 simple simple JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 270 24 stationary stationary JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 270 25 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 270 26 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 270 27 measure measure VB cord-281819-2roflnan 270 28 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 270 29 activity activity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 270 30 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 270 31 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 270 32 beneficial beneficial JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 270 33 due due IN cord-281819-2roflnan 270 34 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 270 35 easy easy JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 270 36 signal signal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 270 37 interpretation interpretation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 270 38 requiring require VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 270 39 little little JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 270 40 computational computational JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 270 41 power power NN cord-281819-2roflnan 270 42 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 271 1 Soon soon RB cord-281819-2roflnan 271 2 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 271 3 doppler doppler NN cord-281819-2roflnan 271 4 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 271 5 based base VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 271 6 radar radar NN cord-281819-2roflnan 271 7 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 271 8 will will MD cord-281819-2roflnan 271 9 find find VB cord-281819-2roflnan 271 10 new new JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 271 11 avenues avenue NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 271 12 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 271 13 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 271 14 dairy dairy NN cord-281819-2roflnan 271 15 cow cow NN cord-281819-2roflnan 271 16 guided guide VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 271 17 gate gate NN cord-281819-2roflnan 271 18 system system NN cord-281819-2roflnan 271 19 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 271 20 measure measure VB cord-281819-2roflnan 271 21 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 271 22 cow cow NN cord-281819-2roflnan 271 23 's 's POS cord-281819-2roflnan 271 24 heart heart NN cord-281819-2roflnan 271 25 rate rate NN cord-281819-2roflnan 271 26 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 271 27 breathing breathing NN cord-281819-2roflnan 271 28 pattern pattern NN cord-281819-2roflnan 271 29 before before IN cord-281819-2roflnan 271 30 entering enter VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 271 31 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 271 32 rotor rotor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 271 33 milking milking NN cord-281819-2roflnan 271 34 machines machine NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 271 35 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 272 1 Currently currently RB cord-281819-2roflnan 272 2 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 272 3 there there EX cord-281819-2roflnan 272 4 are be VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 272 5 no no DT cord-281819-2roflnan 272 6 tangible tangible JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 272 7 ways way NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 272 8 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 272 9 measure measure VB cord-281819-2roflnan 272 10 reproductive reproductive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 272 11 performance performance NN cord-281819-2roflnan 272 12 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 272 13 especially especially RB cord-281819-2roflnan 272 14 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 272 15 respect respect NN cord-281819-2roflnan 272 16 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 272 17 uterine uterine JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 272 18 contractility contractility NN cord-281819-2roflnan 272 19 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 272 20 suitable suitable JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 272 21 diagnostic diagnostic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 272 22 tests test NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 272 23 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 272 24 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 272 25 onset onset NN cord-281819-2roflnan 272 26 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 272 27 labor labor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 272 28 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 272 29 sows sow NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 272 30 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 273 1 Unsuitable unsuitable JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 273 2 uterine uterine JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 273 3 contractility contractility NN cord-281819-2roflnan 273 4 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 273 5 result result VB cord-281819-2roflnan 273 6 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 273 7 embryonic embryonic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 273 8 loss loss NN cord-281819-2roflnan 273 9 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 273 10 miscarriages miscarriage NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 273 11 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 273 12 ectopic ectopic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 273 13 pregnancies pregnancy NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 273 14 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 273 15 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 273 16 abnormalities abnormality NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 273 17 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 273 18 puerperium puerperium NN cord-281819-2roflnan 273 19 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 273 20 sow sow NN cord-281819-2roflnan 273 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 273 22 100 100 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 273 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 273 24 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 274 1 One one CD cord-281819-2roflnan 274 2 potential potential JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 274 3 diagnostic diagnostic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 274 4 tool tool NN cord-281819-2roflnan 274 5 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 274 6 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 274 7 measurement measurement NN cord-281819-2roflnan 274 8 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 274 9 bioelectric bioelectric JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 274 10 signals signal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 274 11 from from IN cord-281819-2roflnan 274 12 swine swine NN cord-281819-2roflnan 274 13 uterus uterus NN cord-281819-2roflnan 274 14 using use VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 274 15 electromyography electromyography NN cord-281819-2roflnan 274 16 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 274 17 magnetomyography magnetomyography NN cord-281819-2roflnan 274 18 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 275 1 To to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 275 2 overcome overcome VB cord-281819-2roflnan 275 3 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 275 4 drawbacks drawback NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 275 5 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 275 6 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 275 7 crude crude JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 275 8 uterine uterine JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 275 9 contraction contraction NN cord-281819-2roflnan 275 10 information information NN cord-281819-2roflnan 275 11 obtained obtain VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 275 12 through through IN cord-281819-2roflnan 275 13 tocodynamometer tocodynamometer NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 275 14 or or CC cord-281819-2roflnan 275 15 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 275 16 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 275 17 intrauterine intrauterine JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 275 18 pressure pressure NN cord-281819-2roflnan 275 19 catheter catheter NN cord-281819-2roflnan 275 20 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 275 21 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 275 22 3D 3d JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 275 23 uterine uterine JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 275 24 electrical electrical JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 275 25 activation activation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 275 26 pattern pattern NN cord-281819-2roflnan 275 27 measurement measurement NN cord-281819-2roflnan 275 28 system system NN cord-281819-2roflnan 275 29 has have VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 275 30 been be VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 275 31 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 275 32 using use VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 275 33 electro electro JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 275 34 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 275 35 myometrial myometrial JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 275 36 imaging imaging NN cord-281819-2roflnan 275 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 275 38 EMMI EMMI NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 275 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 275 40 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 275 41 101 101 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 275 42 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 275 43 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 276 1 EMMI EMMI NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 276 2 surface surface NN cord-281819-2roflnan 276 3 electrical electrical JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 276 4 recording recording NN cord-281819-2roflnan 276 5 has have VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 276 6 been be VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 276 7 shown show VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 276 8 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 276 9 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 276 10 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 276 11 safe safe JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 276 12 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 276 13 accurate accurate JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 276 14 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 276 15 non non JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 276 16 - - JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 276 17 invasive invasive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 276 18 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 276 19 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 276 20 feasible feasible JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 276 21 method method NN cord-281819-2roflnan 276 22 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 276 23 measure measure VB cord-281819-2roflnan 276 24 uterine uterine JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 276 25 contractions contraction NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 276 26 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 276 27 sheep sheep NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 276 28 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 277 1 Electrophysiological Electrophysiological NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 277 2 studies study NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 277 3 using use VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 277 4 electromyogram electromyogram NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 277 5 sensing sense VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 277 6 systems system NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 277 7 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 277 8 Domino Domino NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 277 9 et et FW cord-281819-2roflnan 277 10 al al NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 277 11 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 278 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 278 2 102 102 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 278 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 278 4 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 278 5 that that IN cord-281819-2roflnan 278 6 myoelectric myoelectric JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 278 7 activity activity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 278 8 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 278 9 various various JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 278 10 regions region NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 278 11 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 278 12 sows sow NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 278 13 ' ' POS cord-281819-2roflnan 278 14 reproductive reproductive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 278 15 tract tract NN cord-281819-2roflnan 278 16 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 278 17 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 278 18 used use VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 278 19 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 278 20 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 278 21 reliable reliable JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 278 22 measurement measurement NN cord-281819-2roflnan 278 23 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 278 24 assess assess VB cord-281819-2roflnan 278 25 pregnancy pregnancy NN cord-281819-2roflnan 278 26 health health NN cord-281819-2roflnan 278 27 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 278 28 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 278 29 contractility contractility NN cord-281819-2roflnan 278 30 regulation regulation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 278 31 was be VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 278 32 superiorly superiorly RB cord-281819-2roflnan 278 33 observed observe VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 278 34 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 278 35 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 278 36 uterine uterine JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 278 37 horn horn NN cord-281819-2roflnan 278 38 tip tip NN cord-281819-2roflnan 278 39 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 279 1 A a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 279 2 tocodynamometer tocodynamometer NN cord-281819-2roflnan 279 3 provides provide VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 279 4 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 279 5 indirect indirect JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 279 6 measure measure NN cord-281819-2roflnan 279 7 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 279 8 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 279 9 intrauterine intrauterine JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 279 10 pressure pressure NN cord-281819-2roflnan 279 11 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 279 12 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 279 13 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 279 14 current current JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 279 15 standard standard JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 279 16 method method NN cord-281819-2roflnan 279 17 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 279 18 determine determine VB cord-281819-2roflnan 279 19 labor labor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 279 20 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 280 1 A a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 280 2 combination combination NN cord-281819-2roflnan 280 3 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 280 4 electromyography electromyography NN cord-281819-2roflnan 280 5 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 280 6 magnetomyography magnetomyography NN cord-281819-2roflnan 280 7 sensing sensing NN cord-281819-2roflnan 280 8 platforms platform NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 280 9 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 280 10 expected expect VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 280 11 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 280 12 replace replace VB cord-281819-2roflnan 280 13 tocodynamometers tocodynamometer NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 280 14 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 280 15 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 280 16 near near JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 280 17 future future NN cord-281819-2roflnan 280 18 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 281 1 In in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 281 2 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 281 3 preliminary preliminary JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 281 4 study study NN cord-281819-2roflnan 281 5 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 281 6 Brassel Brassel NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 281 7 et et NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 281 8 al al NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 281 9 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 282 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 282 2 103 103 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 282 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 282 4 have have VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 282 5 evaluated evaluate VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 282 6 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 282 7 performance performance NN cord-281819-2roflnan 282 8 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 282 9 automated automate VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 282 10 health health NN cord-281819-2roflnan 282 11 monitoring monitoring NN cord-281819-2roflnan 282 12 integrated integrate VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 282 13 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 282 14 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 282 15 accelerometer accelerometer NN cord-281819-2roflnan 282 16 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 282 17 based base VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 282 18 estrus estrus NN cord-281819-2roflnan 282 19 detection detection NN cord-281819-2roflnan 282 20 system system NN cord-281819-2roflnan 282 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 282 22 ODS ODS NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 282 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 282 24 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 282 25 dairy dairy NN cord-281819-2roflnan 282 26 cows cow NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 282 27 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 282 28 pasture pasture NN cord-281819-2roflnan 282 29 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 283 1 Although although IN cord-281819-2roflnan 283 2 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 283 3 ODS ODS NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 283 4 was be VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 283 5 able able JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 283 6 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 283 7 flag flag VB cord-281819-2roflnan 283 8 health health NN cord-281819-2roflnan 283 9 problems problem NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 283 10 faster fast RBR cord-281819-2roflnan 283 11 than than IN cord-281819-2roflnan 283 12 human human JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 283 13 farmers farmer NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 283 14 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 283 15 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 283 16 use use NN cord-281819-2roflnan 283 17 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 283 18 ODS ODS NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 283 19 generated generate VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 283 20 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 283 21 extremely extremely RB cord-281819-2roflnan 283 22 high high JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 283 23 rate rate NN cord-281819-2roflnan 283 24 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 283 25 false false JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 283 26 positives positive NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 283 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 283 28 103 103 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 283 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 283 30 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 284 1 Absence absence NN cord-281819-2roflnan 284 2 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 284 3 disease disease NN cord-281819-2roflnan 284 4 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 284 5 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 284 6 essential essential JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 284 7 component component NN cord-281819-2roflnan 284 8 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 284 9 overall overall JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 284 10 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 284 11 health health NN cord-281819-2roflnan 284 12 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 284 13 well well RB cord-281819-2roflnan 284 14 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 284 15 being being NN cord-281819-2roflnan 284 16 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 285 1 Disease Disease NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 285 2 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 285 3 lameness lameness NN cord-281819-2roflnan 285 4 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 285 5 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 285 6 limb limb NN cord-281819-2roflnan 285 7 disorders disorder NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 285 8 pose pose VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 285 9 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 285 10 significant significant JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 285 11 challenge challenge NN cord-281819-2roflnan 285 12 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 285 13 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 285 14 dairy dairy NN cord-281819-2roflnan 285 15 industry industry NN cord-281819-2roflnan 285 16 today today NN cord-281819-2roflnan 285 17 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 286 1 Along along IN cord-281819-2roflnan 286 2 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 286 3 dairy dairy NN cord-281819-2roflnan 286 4 cows cow NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 286 5 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 286 6 sheep sheep NN cord-281819-2roflnan 286 7 flocks flock NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 286 8 around around IN cord-281819-2roflnan 286 9 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 286 10 farm farm NN cord-281819-2roflnan 286 11 also also RB cord-281819-2roflnan 286 12 face face VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 286 13 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 286 14 most most RBS cord-281819-2roflnan 286 15 persistent persistent JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 286 16 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 286 17 common common JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 286 18 health health NN cord-281819-2roflnan 286 19 challenge challenge NN cord-281819-2roflnan 286 20 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 286 21 lameness lameness NN cord-281819-2roflnan 286 22 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 287 1 Lameness lameness NN cord-281819-2roflnan 287 2 results result NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 287 3 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 287 4 decreased decrease VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 287 5 milk milk NN cord-281819-2roflnan 287 6 production production NN cord-281819-2roflnan 287 7 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 287 8 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 287 9 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 287 10 important important JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 287 11 motivator motivator NN cord-281819-2roflnan 287 12 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 287 13 early early JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 287 14 culling culling NN cord-281819-2roflnan 287 15 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 287 16 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 287 17 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 288 1 Lameness lameness NN cord-281819-2roflnan 288 2 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 288 3 painful painful JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 288 4 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 288 5 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 288 6 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 288 7 suffering suffer VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 288 8 from from IN cord-281819-2roflnan 288 9 pain pain NN cord-281819-2roflnan 288 10 frequently frequently RB cord-281819-2roflnan 288 11 diverge diverge VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 288 12 from from IN cord-281819-2roflnan 288 13 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-281819-2roflnan 288 14 normal normal JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 288 15 behavior behavior NN cord-281819-2roflnan 288 16 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 288 17 changing change VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 288 18 activity activity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 288 19 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 288 20 gait gait NN cord-281819-2roflnan 288 21 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 288 22 appetite appetite NN cord-281819-2roflnan 288 23 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 288 24 posture posture NN cord-281819-2roflnan 288 25 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 288 26 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 288 27 appearance appearance NN cord-281819-2roflnan 288 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 288 29 104 104 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 288 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 288 31 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 289 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 289 2 amplitude amplitude NN cord-281819-2roflnan 289 3 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 289 4 frequency frequency NN cord-281819-2roflnan 289 5 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 289 6 ruminal ruminal JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 289 7 contractions contraction NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 289 8 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 289 9 cattle cattle NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 289 10 are be VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 289 11 impacted impact VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 289 12 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 289 13 metabolic metabolic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 289 14 diseases disease NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 289 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 289 16 such such JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 289 17 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 289 18 ruminal ruminal JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 289 19 acidosis acidosis NN cord-281819-2roflnan 289 20 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 289 21 hypocalcemia hypocalcemia NN cord-281819-2roflnan 289 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 289 23 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 289 24 other other JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 289 25 diseases disease NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 289 26 that that WDT cord-281819-2roflnan 289 27 cause cause VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 289 28 fever fever NN cord-281819-2roflnan 289 29 or or CC cord-281819-2roflnan 289 30 pain pain NN cord-281819-2roflnan 289 31 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 290 1 Wireless wireless JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 290 2 intraruminal intraruminal JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 290 3 bolus bolus NN cord-281819-2roflnan 290 4 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 290 5 inserted insert VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 290 6 through through IN cord-281819-2roflnan 290 7 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 290 8 esophagus esophagus NN cord-281819-2roflnan 290 9 have have VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 290 10 been be VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 290 11 developed develop VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 290 12 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 290 13 monitor monitor VB cord-281819-2roflnan 290 14 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 290 15 temperature temperature NN cord-281819-2roflnan 290 16 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 290 17 pH ph NN cord-281819-2roflnan 290 18 values value NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 290 19 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 290 20 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 290 21 rumen rumen NN cord-281819-2roflnan 290 22 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 290 23 reticulum reticulum NN cord-281819-2roflnan 290 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 290 25 105 105 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 290 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 290 27 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 291 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 291 2 assessment assessment NN cord-281819-2roflnan 291 3 process process NN cord-281819-2roflnan 291 4 has have VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 291 5 been be VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 291 6 simplified simplify VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 291 7 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 291 8 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 291 9 advent advent NN cord-281819-2roflnan 291 10 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 291 11 commercially commercially RB cord-281819-2roflnan 291 12 available available JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 291 13 boluses bolus NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 291 14 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 291 15 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 291 16 measurement measurement NN cord-281819-2roflnan 291 17 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 291 18 reticuloruminal reticuloruminal NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 291 19 pH pH NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 291 20 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 291 21 where where WRB cord-281819-2roflnan 291 22 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 291 23 boluses bolus NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 291 24 regularly regularly RB cord-281819-2roflnan 291 25 transmit transmit VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 291 26 pH pH NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 291 27 information information NN cord-281819-2roflnan 291 28 wirelessly wirelessly RB cord-281819-2roflnan 291 29 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 291 30 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 291 31 central central JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 291 32 processing processing NN cord-281819-2roflnan 291 33 region region NN cord-281819-2roflnan 291 34 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 292 1 Wireless wireless JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 292 2 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 292 3 indwelling indwell VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 292 4 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 292 5 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 292 6 rumen rumen NN cord-281819-2roflnan 292 7 facilitates facilitate VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 292 8 high high JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 292 9 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 292 10 resolution resolution NN cord-281819-2roflnan 292 11 pH ph NN cord-281819-2roflnan 292 12 measurements measurement NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 292 13 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 292 14 determining determine VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 292 15 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 292 16 kinetic kinetic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 292 17 behavior behavior NN cord-281819-2roflnan 292 18 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 292 19 identification identification NN cord-281819-2roflnan 292 20 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 292 21 rumen rumen NN cord-281819-2roflnan 292 22 acidosis acidosis NN cord-281819-2roflnan 292 23 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 293 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 293 2 data datum NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 293 3 from from IN cord-281819-2roflnan 293 4 this this DT cord-281819-2roflnan 293 5 analysis analysis NN cord-281819-2roflnan 293 6 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 293 7 assess assess VB cord-281819-2roflnan 293 8 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 293 9 physiological physiological JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 293 10 status status NN cord-281819-2roflnan 293 11 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 293 12 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 293 13 rumen rumen NN cord-281819-2roflnan 293 14 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 293 15 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 293 16 therefore therefore RB cord-281819-2roflnan 293 17 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 293 18 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 293 19 whole whole JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 293 20 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 293 21 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 294 1 While while IN cord-281819-2roflnan 294 2 indwelling indwell VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 294 3 rumen rumen NN cord-281819-2roflnan 294 4 pH ph NN cord-281819-2roflnan 294 5 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 294 6 allow allow VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 294 7 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 294 8 continuous continuous JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 294 9 measurement measurement NN cord-281819-2roflnan 294 10 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 294 11 pH ph NN cord-281819-2roflnan 294 12 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 294 13 individual individual JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 294 14 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 294 15 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 294 16 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-281819-2roflnan 294 17 application application NN cord-281819-2roflnan 294 18 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 294 19 limited limit VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 294 20 ; ; : cord-281819-2roflnan 294 21 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 294 22 differences difference NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 294 23 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 294 24 pH ph NN cord-281819-2roflnan 294 25 between between IN cord-281819-2roflnan 294 26 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 294 27 ruminal ruminal JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 294 28 locations location NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 294 29 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 294 30 not not RB cord-281819-2roflnan 294 31 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 294 32 measured measure VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 294 33 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 294 34 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 294 35 there there EX cord-281819-2roflnan 294 36 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 294 37 also also RB cord-281819-2roflnan 294 38 substantial substantial JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 294 39 drift drift NN cord-281819-2roflnan 294 40 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 294 41 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 294 42 baseline baseline JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 294 43 sensor sensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 294 44 data datum NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 294 45 from from IN cord-281819-2roflnan 294 46 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 294 47 non non JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 294 48 - - JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 294 49 retrievable retrievable JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 294 50 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 294 51 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 294 52 106 106 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 294 53 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 294 54 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 295 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 295 2 biochemical biochemical JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 295 3 interactions interaction NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 295 4 within within IN cord-281819-2roflnan 295 5 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 295 6 outside outside IN cord-281819-2roflnan 295 7 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 295 8 cellular cellular JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 295 9 environment environment NN cord-281819-2roflnan 295 10 lead lead VB cord-281819-2roflnan 295 11 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 295 12 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 295 13 end end NN cord-281819-2roflnan 295 14 products product NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 295 15 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 295 16 which which WDT cord-281819-2roflnan 295 17 are be VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 295 18 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 295 19 metabolites metabolite NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 295 20 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 296 1 Comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 296 2 measurement measurement NN cord-281819-2roflnan 296 3 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 296 4 metabolites metabolite NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 296 5 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 296 6 called call VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 296 7 metabolomics metabolomic NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 296 8 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 296 9 helps help VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 296 10 researchers researcher NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 296 11 gather gather VB cord-281819-2roflnan 296 12 accurate accurate JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 296 13 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 296 14 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 296 15 data datum NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 296 16 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 296 17 order order NN cord-281819-2roflnan 296 18 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 296 19 better better RB cord-281819-2roflnan 296 20 depict depict VB cord-281819-2roflnan 296 21 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 296 22 phenotype phenotype NN cord-281819-2roflnan 296 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 296 24 107 107 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 296 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 296 26 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 297 1 Metabolomics Metabolomics NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 297 2 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 297 3 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 297 4 non non JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 297 5 - - JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 297 6 invasive invasive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 297 7 tool tool NN cord-281819-2roflnan 297 8 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 297 9 identify identify VB cord-281819-2roflnan 297 10 phenotypes phenotype NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 297 11 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 297 12 phenotypic phenotypic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 297 13 changes change NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 297 14 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 297 15 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 297 16 assessment assessment NN cord-281819-2roflnan 297 17 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 297 18 dietary dietary JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 297 19 responses response NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 297 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 297 21 108 108 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 297 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 297 23 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 298 1 Traditional traditional JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 298 2 methods method NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 298 3 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 298 4 quantification quantification NN cord-281819-2roflnan 298 5 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 298 6 phenotypes phenotype NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 298 7 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 298 8 such such JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 298 9 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 298 10 feed feed NN cord-281819-2roflnan 298 11 intake intake NN cord-281819-2roflnan 298 12 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 298 13 residual residual JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 298 14 feed feed NN cord-281819-2roflnan 298 15 intake intake NN cord-281819-2roflnan 298 16 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 298 17 are be VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 298 18 time time NN cord-281819-2roflnan 298 19 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 298 20 intensive intensive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 298 21 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 298 22 costly costly JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 298 23 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 298 24 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 298 25 require require VB cord-281819-2roflnan 298 26 specialized specialized JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 298 27 equipment equipment NN cord-281819-2roflnan 298 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 298 29 109 109 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 298 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 298 31 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 299 1 In in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 299 2 contrast contrast NN cord-281819-2roflnan 299 3 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 299 4 phenotype phenotype NN cord-281819-2roflnan 299 5 / / SYM cord-281819-2roflnan 299 6 trait trait NN cord-281819-2roflnan 299 7 quantification quantification NN cord-281819-2roflnan 299 8 using use VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 299 9 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 299 10 metabolomics metabolomic NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 299 11 approach approach NN cord-281819-2roflnan 299 12 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 299 13 cost cost NN cord-281819-2roflnan 299 14 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 299 15 effective effective JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 299 16 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 299 17 110 110 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 299 18 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 299 19 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 300 1 There there EX cord-281819-2roflnan 300 2 remains remain VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 300 3 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 300 4 dearth dearth NN cord-281819-2roflnan 300 5 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 300 6 metabolomic metabolomic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 300 7 studies study NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 300 8 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 300 9 livestock livestock NN cord-281819-2roflnan 300 10 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 300 11 especially especially RB cord-281819-2roflnan 300 12 studies study NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 300 13 that that WDT cord-281819-2roflnan 300 14 utilize utilize VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 300 15 sensor sensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 300 16 technologies technology NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 300 17 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 301 1 Biosensing Biosensing NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 301 2 technologies technology NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 301 3 have have VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 301 4 started start VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 301 5 gaining gain VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 301 6 attention attention NN cord-281819-2roflnan 301 7 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 301 8 farmed farm VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 301 9 livestock livestock NN cord-281819-2roflnan 301 10 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 301 11 studies study NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 301 12 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 301 13 they -PRON- PRP cord-281819-2roflnan 301 14 show show VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 301 15 promising promise VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 301 16 potential potential NN cord-281819-2roflnan 301 17 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 301 18 address address VB cord-281819-2roflnan 301 19 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 301 20 relevant relevant JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 301 21 issues issue NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 301 22 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 301 23 reliable reliable JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 301 24 tests test NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 301 25 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 301 26 cost cost NN cord-281819-2roflnan 301 27 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 301 28 equipment equipment NN cord-281819-2roflnan 301 29 / / SYM cord-281819-2roflnan 301 30 devices device NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 301 31 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 301 32 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 301 33 early early JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 301 34 detection detection NN cord-281819-2roflnan 301 35 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 301 36 disease disease NN cord-281819-2roflnan 301 37 / / SYM cord-281819-2roflnan 301 38 stress stress NN cord-281819-2roflnan 301 39 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 301 40 14 14 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 301 41 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 301 42 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 302 1 New new JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 302 2 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 302 3 emerging emerge VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 302 4 biosensing biosensing NN cord-281819-2roflnan 302 5 technologies technology NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 302 6 have have VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 302 7 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 302 8 potential potential NN cord-281819-2roflnan 302 9 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 302 10 improve improve VB cord-281819-2roflnan 302 11 livestock livestock NN cord-281819-2roflnan 302 12 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 302 13 management management NN cord-281819-2roflnan 302 14 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 302 15 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 302 16 associated associate VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 302 17 factors factor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 302 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 302 19 14 14 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 302 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 302 21 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 303 1 These these DT cord-281819-2roflnan 303 2 technologies technology NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 303 3 monitor monitor VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 303 4 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 303 5 welfare welfare NN cord-281819-2roflnan 303 6 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 303 7 evaluating evaluate VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 303 8 metabolic metabolic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 303 9 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 303 10 stress stress NN cord-281819-2roflnan 303 11 biomarkers biomarker NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 303 12 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 304 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 304 2 non non JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 304 3 - - JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 304 4 invasive invasive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 304 5 early early JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 304 6 detection detection NN cord-281819-2roflnan 304 7 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 304 8 stress stress NN cord-281819-2roflnan 304 9 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 304 10 assessing assess VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 304 11 physiological physiological JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 304 12 responses response NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 304 13 will will MD cord-281819-2roflnan 304 14 help help VB cord-281819-2roflnan 304 15 farmers farmer NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 304 16 take take VB cord-281819-2roflnan 304 17 timely timely JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 304 18 safety safety NN cord-281819-2roflnan 304 19 measures measure NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 304 20 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 304 21 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 304 22 health health NN cord-281819-2roflnan 304 23 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 304 24 welfare welfare NN cord-281819-2roflnan 304 25 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 305 1 Further further JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 305 2 advancements advancement NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 305 3 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 305 4 biosensor biosensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 305 5 technology technology NN cord-281819-2roflnan 305 6 shall shall MD cord-281819-2roflnan 305 7 generate generate VB cord-281819-2roflnan 305 8 new new JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 305 9 approaches approach NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 305 10 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 305 11 real real JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 305 12 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 305 13 time time NN cord-281819-2roflnan 305 14 evaluation evaluation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 305 15 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 305 16 metabolic metabolic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 305 17 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 305 18 physiological physiological JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 305 19 responses response NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 305 20 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 306 1 A a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 306 2 non non JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 306 3 - - JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 306 4 invasive invasive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 306 5 technique technique NN cord-281819-2roflnan 306 6 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 306 7 detect detect VB cord-281819-2roflnan 306 8 volatile volatile JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 306 9 organic organic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 306 10 compounds compound NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 306 11 or or CC cord-281819-2roflnan 306 12 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 306 13 reliable reliable JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 306 14 validated validate VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 306 15 biomarker biomarker NN cord-281819-2roflnan 306 16 allows allow VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 306 17 farmers farmer NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 306 18 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 306 19 responsibly responsibly RB cord-281819-2roflnan 306 20 assess assess VB cord-281819-2roflnan 306 21 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 306 22 stress stress NN cord-281819-2roflnan 306 23 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 306 24 respond respond VB cord-281819-2roflnan 306 25 quickly quickly RB cord-281819-2roflnan 306 26 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 307 1 Such such JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 307 2 compounds compound NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 307 3 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 307 4 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 307 5 identified identify VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 307 6 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 307 7 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 307 8 breath breath NN cord-281819-2roflnan 307 9 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 307 10 skin skin NN cord-281819-2roflnan 307 11 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 307 12 urine urine NN cord-281819-2roflnan 307 13 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 307 14 feces fece NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 307 15 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 307 16 blood blood NN cord-281819-2roflnan 307 17 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 307 18 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 307 19 vaginal vaginal JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 307 20 fluid fluid NN cord-281819-2roflnan 307 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 307 22 111 111 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 307 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 307 24 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 308 1 Gaseous gaseous JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 308 2 metabolites metabolite NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 308 3 present present JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 308 4 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 308 5 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 308 6 breathing breathing NN cord-281819-2roflnan 308 7 air air NN cord-281819-2roflnan 308 8 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 308 9 cattle cattle NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 308 10 include include VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 308 11 hydrogen hydrogen NN cord-281819-2roflnan 308 12 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 308 13 carbon carbon NN cord-281819-2roflnan 308 14 dioxide dioxide NN cord-281819-2roflnan 308 15 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 308 16 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 308 17 volatile volatile JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 308 18 organic organic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 308 19 compounds compound NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 308 20 such such JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 308 21 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 308 22 phenol phenol NN cord-281819-2roflnan 308 23 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 308 24 methane methane NN cord-281819-2roflnan 308 25 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 309 1 Methane methane NN cord-281819-2roflnan 309 2 emission emission NN cord-281819-2roflnan 309 3 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 309 4 ruminants ruminant NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 309 5 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 309 6 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 309 7 integral integral JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 309 8 part part NN cord-281819-2roflnan 309 9 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 309 10 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-281819-2roflnan 309 11 energy energy NN cord-281819-2roflnan 309 12 metabolism metabolism NN cord-281819-2roflnan 309 13 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 309 14 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 309 15 thus thus RB cord-281819-2roflnan 309 16 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 309 17 valuable valuable JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 309 18 indicator indicator NN cord-281819-2roflnan 309 19 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 309 20 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-281819-2roflnan 309 21 physiological physiological JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 309 22 state state NN cord-281819-2roflnan 309 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 309 24 112 112 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 309 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 309 26 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 310 1 A a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 310 2 study study NN cord-281819-2roflnan 310 3 conducted conduct VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 310 4 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 310 5 monitor monitor VB cord-281819-2roflnan 310 6 methane methane NN cord-281819-2roflnan 310 7 emission emission NN cord-281819-2roflnan 310 8 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 310 9 cows cow NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 310 10 using use VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 310 11 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 310 12 Fourier Fourier NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 310 13 transform transform VB cord-281819-2roflnan 310 14 infrared infrared JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 310 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 310 16 FITR FITR NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 310 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 310 18 sensor sensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 311 1 assessed assess VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 311 2 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 311 3 breath breath NN cord-281819-2roflnan 311 4 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 311 5 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 311 6 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 311 7 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 311 8 accurately accurately RB cord-281819-2roflnan 311 9 measured measure VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 311 10 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 311 11 methane methane NN cord-281819-2roflnan 311 12 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 311 13 carbon carbon NN cord-281819-2roflnan 311 14 dioxide dioxide NN cord-281819-2roflnan 311 15 ratio ratio NN cord-281819-2roflnan 311 16 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 311 17 113 113 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 311 18 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 311 19 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 312 1 Others other NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 312 2 have have VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 312 3 assessed assess VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 312 4 methane methane NN cord-281819-2roflnan 312 5 levels level NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 312 6 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 312 7 milk milk NN cord-281819-2roflnan 312 8 using use VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 312 9 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 312 10 mid mid JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 312 11 - - JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 312 12 infrared infrared JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 312 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 312 14 MIR MIR NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 312 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 312 16 spectra spectra JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 312 17 biosensor biosensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 312 18 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 312 19 cows cow NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 312 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 312 21 114 114 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 312 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 312 23 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 313 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 313 2 results result NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 313 3 have have VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 313 4 concluded conclude VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 313 5 that that IN cord-281819-2roflnan 313 6 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 313 7 extent extent NN cord-281819-2roflnan 313 8 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 313 9 methane methane NN cord-281819-2roflnan 313 10 present present JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 313 11 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 313 12 milk milk NN cord-281819-2roflnan 313 13 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 313 14 directly directly RB cord-281819-2roflnan 313 15 dependent dependent JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 313 16 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 313 17 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 313 18 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 313 19 's 's POS cord-281819-2roflnan 313 20 lactation lactation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 313 21 stage stage NN cord-281819-2roflnan 313 22 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 314 1 Phenol phenol NN cord-281819-2roflnan 314 2 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 314 3 p p NN cord-281819-2roflnan 314 4 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 314 5 cresol cresol NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 314 6 emitted emit VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 314 7 from from IN cord-281819-2roflnan 314 8 nasal nasal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 314 9 secretions secretion NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 314 10 clearly clearly RB cord-281819-2roflnan 314 11 indicated indicate VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 314 12 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 314 13 bovine bovine JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 314 14 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 314 15 disease disease NN cord-281819-2roflnan 314 16 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 314 17 cattle cattle NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 314 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 314 19 115 115 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 314 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 314 21 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 315 1 Real real JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 315 2 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 315 3 time time NN cord-281819-2roflnan 315 4 detection detection NN cord-281819-2roflnan 315 5 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 315 6 volatile volatile JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 315 7 organic organic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 315 8 compounds compound NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 315 9 using use VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 315 10 biosensors biosensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 315 11 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 315 12 integrating integrate VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 315 13 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 315 14 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 315 15 halter halter NN cord-281819-2roflnan 315 16 or or CC cord-281819-2roflnan 315 17 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 315 18 neck neck NN cord-281819-2roflnan 315 19 collar collar NN cord-281819-2roflnan 315 20 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 315 21 cattle cattle NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 315 22 or or CC cord-281819-2roflnan 315 23 pigs pig NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 315 24 would would MD cord-281819-2roflnan 315 25 serve serve VB cord-281819-2roflnan 315 26 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 315 27 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 315 28 non non JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 315 29 - - JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 315 30 invasive invasive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 315 31 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 315 32 portable portable JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 315 33 disease disease NN cord-281819-2roflnan 315 34 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 315 35 sensing sense VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 315 36 tool tool NN cord-281819-2roflnan 315 37 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 316 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 316 2 concentration concentration NN cord-281819-2roflnan 316 3 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 316 4 metabolites metabolite NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 316 5 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 316 6 tears tear NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 316 7 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 316 8 correlated correlate VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 316 9 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 316 10 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-281819-2roflnan 316 11 concentration concentration NN cord-281819-2roflnan 316 12 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 316 13 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 316 14 blood blood NN cord-281819-2roflnan 316 15 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 317 1 Thus thus RB cord-281819-2roflnan 317 2 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 317 3 tears tear NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 317 4 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 317 5 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 317 6 used use VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 317 7 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 317 8 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 317 9 non non JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 317 10 - - JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 317 11 invasive invasive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 317 12 continuous continuous JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 317 13 evaluation evaluation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 317 14 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 317 15 metabolites metabolite NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 317 16 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 318 1 Currently currently RB cord-281819-2roflnan 318 2 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 318 3 there there EX cord-281819-2roflnan 318 4 are be VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 318 5 no no DT cord-281819-2roflnan 318 6 devices device NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 318 7 or or CC cord-281819-2roflnan 318 8 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 318 9 available available JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 318 10 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 318 11 measurement measurement NN cord-281819-2roflnan 318 12 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 318 13 livestock livestock NN cord-281819-2roflnan 318 14 tear tear NN cord-281819-2roflnan 318 15 fluids fluid NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 318 16 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 318 17 there there EX cord-281819-2roflnan 318 18 are be VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 318 19 no no DT cord-281819-2roflnan 318 20 scientifically scientifically RB cord-281819-2roflnan 318 21 validated validate VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 318 22 biomarkers biomarker NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 318 23 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 319 1 This this DT cord-281819-2roflnan 319 2 opens open VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 319 3 up up RP cord-281819-2roflnan 319 4 new new JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 319 5 avenues avenue NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 319 6 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 319 7 wearable wearable JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 319 8 ' ' `` cord-281819-2roflnan 319 9 eye eye NN cord-281819-2roflnan 319 10 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 319 11 based base VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 319 12 ' ' '' cord-281819-2roflnan 319 13 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 319 14 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 319 15 livestock livestock NN cord-281819-2roflnan 319 16 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 320 1 Hormone hormone NN cord-281819-2roflnan 320 2 levels level NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 320 3 related relate VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 320 4 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 320 5 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 320 6 reproductive reproductive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 320 7 physiology physiology NN cord-281819-2roflnan 320 8 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 320 9 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 320 10 are be VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 320 11 usually usually RB cord-281819-2roflnan 320 12 determined determine VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 320 13 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 320 14 predict predict VB cord-281819-2roflnan 320 15 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 320 16 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 320 17 's 's POS cord-281819-2roflnan 320 18 reproductive reproductive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 320 19 state state NN cord-281819-2roflnan 320 20 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 321 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 321 2 Herd Herd NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 321 3 Navigation Navigation NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 321 4 system system NN cord-281819-2roflnan 321 5 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 321 6 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 321 7 commercially commercially RB cord-281819-2roflnan 321 8 available available JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 321 9 biosensor biosensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 321 10 that that WDT cord-281819-2roflnan 321 11 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 321 12 quantify quantify VB cord-281819-2roflnan 321 13 levels level NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 321 14 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 321 15 milk milk NN cord-281819-2roflnan 321 16 progesterone progesterone NN cord-281819-2roflnan 321 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 321 18 116 116 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 321 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 321 20 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 322 1 A a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 322 2 handheld handheld JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 322 3 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 322 4 smartphone smartphone NN cord-281819-2roflnan 322 5 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 322 6 based base VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 322 7 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 322 8 rapid rapid JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 322 9 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 322 10 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 322 11 farm farm NN cord-281819-2roflnan 322 12 progesterone progesterone NN cord-281819-2roflnan 322 13 immunosensor immunosensor NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 322 14 has have VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 322 15 been be VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 322 16 developed develop VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 322 17 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 322 18 monitor monitor VB cord-281819-2roflnan 322 19 milk milk NN cord-281819-2roflnan 322 20 progesterone progesterone NN cord-281819-2roflnan 322 21 levels level NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 322 22 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 322 23 cows cow NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 322 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 322 25 117 117 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 322 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 322 27 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 322 28 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 322 29 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 322 30 biosensor biosensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 322 31 composed compose VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 322 32 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 322 33 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 322 34 monoclonal monoclonal JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 322 35 anti anti JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 322 36 - - JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 322 37 progesterone progesterone JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 322 38 antibody antibody NN cord-281819-2roflnan 322 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 322 40 mAb mab NN cord-281819-2roflnan 322 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 322 42 immobilized immobilize VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 322 43 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 322 44 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 322 45 electrode electrode NN cord-281819-2roflnan 322 46 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 323 1 Others other NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 323 2 have have VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 323 3 also also RB cord-281819-2roflnan 323 4 reported report VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 323 5 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 323 6 use use NN cord-281819-2roflnan 323 7 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 323 8 immunosensors immunosensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 323 9 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 323 10 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 323 11 assessment assessment NN cord-281819-2roflnan 323 12 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 323 13 hormone hormone NN cord-281819-2roflnan 323 14 levels level NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 323 15 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 323 16 saliva saliva NN cord-281819-2roflnan 323 17 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 323 18 where where WRB cord-281819-2roflnan 323 19 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 323 20 method method NN cord-281819-2roflnan 323 21 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 323 22 quick quick JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 323 23 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 323 24 non non JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 323 25 - - JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 323 26 invasive invasive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 323 27 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 323 28 nature nature NN cord-281819-2roflnan 323 29 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 324 1 Farm farm NN cord-281819-2roflnan 324 2 livestock livestock NN cord-281819-2roflnan 324 3 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 324 4 often often RB cord-281819-2roflnan 324 5 challenged challenge VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 324 6 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 324 7 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 324 8 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 324 9 viruses virus NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 324 10 like like IN cord-281819-2roflnan 324 11 Bovine bovine JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 324 12 Herpes Herpes NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 324 13 Virus-1 Virus-1 NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 324 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 324 15 BHV-1 BHV-1 NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 324 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 324 17 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 324 18 foot foot NN cord-281819-2roflnan 324 19 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 324 20 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 324 21 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 324 22 mouth mouth NN cord-281819-2roflnan 324 23 disease disease NN cord-281819-2roflnan 324 24 virus virus NN cord-281819-2roflnan 324 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 324 26 FMDV FMDV NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 324 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 324 28 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 324 29 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 324 30 Bovine bovine JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 324 31 Viral Viral NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 324 32 Diarrhea diarrhea NN cord-281819-2roflnan 324 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 324 34 BVD BVD NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 324 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 324 36 virus virus NN cord-281819-2roflnan 324 37 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 324 38 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 324 39 name name VB cord-281819-2roflnan 324 40 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 324 41 few few JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 324 42 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 325 1 Various various JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 325 2 immunosensors immunosensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 325 3 have have VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 325 4 been be VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 325 5 built build VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 325 6 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 325 7 determine determine VB cord-281819-2roflnan 325 8 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 325 9 presence presence NN cord-281819-2roflnan 325 10 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 325 11 these these DT cord-281819-2roflnan 325 12 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 325 13 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 325 14 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 325 15 sera sera NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 325 16 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 325 17 61 61 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 325 18 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 325 19 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 325 20 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 325 21 these these DT cord-281819-2roflnan 325 22 biosensors biosensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 325 23 have have VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 325 24 produced produce VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 325 25 faster fast JJR cord-281819-2roflnan 325 26 results result NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 325 27 than than IN cord-281819-2roflnan 325 28 conventional conventional JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 325 29 enzyme enzyme NN cord-281819-2roflnan 325 30 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 325 31 linked link VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 325 32 immunosorbent immunosorbent JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 325 33 assay assay NN cord-281819-2roflnan 325 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 325 35 ELISA ELISA NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 325 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 325 37 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 325 38 Polymerase Polymerase NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 325 39 chain chain NN cord-281819-2roflnan 325 40 reaction reaction NN cord-281819-2roflnan 325 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 325 42 PCR PCR NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 325 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 325 44 based base VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 325 45 methods method NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 325 46 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 326 1 Biosensor biosensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 326 2 technology technology NN cord-281819-2roflnan 326 3 offers offer VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 326 4 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 326 5 advantage advantage NN cord-281819-2roflnan 326 6 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 326 7 being be VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 326 8 used use VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 326 9 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 326 10 combination combination NN cord-281819-2roflnan 326 11 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 326 12 other other JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 326 13 devices device NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 326 14 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 326 15 being be VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 326 16 open open JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 326 17 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 326 18 multiplexing multiplexing NN cord-281819-2roflnan 326 19 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 326 20 making make VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 326 21 it -PRON- PRP cord-281819-2roflnan 326 22 suitable suitable JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 326 23 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 326 24 large large JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 326 25 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 326 26 scale scale NN cord-281819-2roflnan 326 27 applications application NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 326 28 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 326 29 agriculture agriculture NN cord-281819-2roflnan 326 30 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 326 31 livestock livestock NN cord-281819-2roflnan 326 32 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 327 1 Specific specific JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 327 2 internal internal JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 327 3 or or CC cord-281819-2roflnan 327 4 external external JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 327 5 stimuli stimulus NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 327 6 trigger trigger VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 327 7 short short JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 327 8 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 327 9 term term NN cord-281819-2roflnan 327 10 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 327 11 intense intense JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 327 12 states state NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 327 13 known know VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 327 14 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 327 15 emotions emotion NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 327 16 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 327 17 which which WDT cord-281819-2roflnan 327 18 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 327 19 lead lead VB cord-281819-2roflnan 327 20 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 327 21 behavioral behavioral JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 327 22 decisions decision NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 327 23 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 327 24 social social JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 327 25 interactions interaction NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 327 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 327 27 i.e. i.e. FW cord-281819-2roflnan 327 28 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 327 29 approaching approach VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 327 30 or or CC cord-281819-2roflnan 327 31 avoiding avoid VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 327 32 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 327 33 stimuli stimulus NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 327 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 328 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 328 2 118 118 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 328 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 328 4 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 329 1 Emotions emotion NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 329 2 have have VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 329 3 been be VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 329 4 shown show VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 329 5 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 329 6 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 329 7 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 329 8 paramount paramount JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 329 9 importance importance NN cord-281819-2roflnan 329 10 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 329 11 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 329 12 welfare welfare NN cord-281819-2roflnan 329 13 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 329 14 especially especially RB cord-281819-2roflnan 329 15 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 329 16 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 329 17 production production NN cord-281819-2roflnan 329 18 chain chain NN cord-281819-2roflnan 329 19 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 329 20 farm farm NN cord-281819-2roflnan 329 21 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 329 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 329 23 119 119 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 329 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 329 25 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 330 1 Studies study NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 330 2 have have VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 330 3 suggested suggest VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 330 4 that that IN cord-281819-2roflnan 330 5 communication communication NN cord-281819-2roflnan 330 6 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 330 7 vocal vocal JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 330 8 contagion contagion NN cord-281819-2roflnan 330 9 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 330 10 118 118 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 330 11 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 330 12 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 330 13 monitoring monitor VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 330 14 ear ear NN cord-281819-2roflnan 330 15 posture posture NN cord-281819-2roflnan 330 16 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 330 17 120 120 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 330 18 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 330 19 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 330 20 facial facial JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 330 21 expressions expression NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 330 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 330 23 121 121 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 330 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 330 25 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 330 26 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 330 27 body body NN cord-281819-2roflnan 330 28 language language NN cord-281819-2roflnan 330 29 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 330 30 livestock livestock NN cord-281819-2roflnan 330 31 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 330 32 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 330 33 provide provide VB cord-281819-2roflnan 330 34 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 330 35 better well JJR cord-281819-2roflnan 330 36 understanding understanding NN cord-281819-2roflnan 330 37 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 330 38 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-281819-2roflnan 330 39 emotional emotional JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 330 40 adaptation adaptation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 330 41 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 330 42 122 122 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 330 43 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 330 44 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 331 1 However however RB cord-281819-2roflnan 331 2 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 331 3 this this DT cord-281819-2roflnan 331 4 requires require VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 331 5 skillful skillful JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 331 6 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 331 7 experienced experienced JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 331 8 workers worker NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 331 9 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 331 10 may may MD cord-281819-2roflnan 331 11 provide provide VB cord-281819-2roflnan 331 12 erroneous erroneous JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 331 13 diagnosis diagnosis NN cord-281819-2roflnan 331 14 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 331 15 123 123 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 331 16 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 331 17 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 332 1 Researchers researcher NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 332 2 are be VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 332 3 evaluating evaluate VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 332 4 coding code VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 332 5 systems system NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 332 6 that that WDT cord-281819-2roflnan 332 7 could could MD cord-281819-2roflnan 332 8 provide provide VB cord-281819-2roflnan 332 9 objective objective JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 332 10 readings reading NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 332 11 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 332 12 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 332 13 facial facial JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 332 14 expressions expression NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 332 15 instead instead RB cord-281819-2roflnan 332 16 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 332 17 guessing guess VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 332 18 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 332 19 meaning meaning NN cord-281819-2roflnan 332 20 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 332 21 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-281819-2roflnan 332 22 expressions expression NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 332 23 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 333 1 A a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 333 2 coding code VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 333 3 system system NN cord-281819-2roflnan 333 4 precisely precisely RB cord-281819-2roflnan 333 5 describes describe VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 333 6 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 333 7 meaning meaning NN cord-281819-2roflnan 333 8 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 333 9 different different JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 333 10 facial facial JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 333 11 expressions expression NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 333 12 such such JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 333 13 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 333 14 squinting squint VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 333 15 eyes eye NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 333 16 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 333 17 posture posture NN cord-281819-2roflnan 333 18 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 333 19 ears ear NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 333 20 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 333 21 eye eye NN cord-281819-2roflnan 333 22 white white JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 333 23 region region NN cord-281819-2roflnan 333 24 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 333 25 or or CC cord-281819-2roflnan 333 26 pursing purse VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 333 27 lips lip NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 333 28 when when WRB cord-281819-2roflnan 333 29 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 333 30 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 333 31 feels feel VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 333 32 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 333 33 particular particular JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 333 34 emotion emotion NN cord-281819-2roflnan 333 35 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 334 1 Such such JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 334 2 techniques technique NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 334 3 have have VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 334 4 been be VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 334 5 developed develop VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 334 6 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 334 7 tested test VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 334 8 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 334 9 domestic domestic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 334 10 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 334 11 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 334 12 some some DT cord-281819-2roflnan 334 13 studies study NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 334 14 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 335 1 For for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 335 2 instance instance NN cord-281819-2roflnan 335 3 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 335 4 EquiFACS EquiFACS NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 335 5 has have VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 335 6 been be VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 335 7 developed develop VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 335 8 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 335 9 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 335 10 anatomy anatomy NN cord-281819-2roflnan 335 11 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 335 12 based base VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 335 13 objective objective JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 335 14 tool tool NN cord-281819-2roflnan 335 15 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 335 16 determine determine VB cord-281819-2roflnan 335 17 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 335 18 systematic systematic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 335 19 recording recording NN cord-281819-2roflnan 335 20 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 335 21 facial facial JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 335 22 expressions expression NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 335 23 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 335 24 pain pain NN cord-281819-2roflnan 335 25 scoring scoring NN cord-281819-2roflnan 335 26 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 335 27 horses horse NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 335 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 335 29 60 60 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 335 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 335 31 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 336 1 However however RB cord-281819-2roflnan 336 2 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 336 3 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 336 4 scientific scientific JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 336 5 community community NN cord-281819-2roflnan 336 6 has have VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 336 7 still still RB cord-281819-2roflnan 336 8 not not RB cord-281819-2roflnan 336 9 come come VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 336 10 up up RP cord-281819-2roflnan 336 11 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 336 12 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 336 13 detailed detailed JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 336 14 validation validation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 336 15 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 336 16 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 336 17 outcomes outcome NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 336 18 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 336 19 such such PDT cord-281819-2roflnan 336 20 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 336 21 system system NN cord-281819-2roflnan 336 22 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 336 23 farm farm NN cord-281819-2roflnan 336 24 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 336 25 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 337 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-281819-2roflnan 337 2 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 337 3 hypothesized hypothesize VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 337 4 that that IN cord-281819-2roflnan 337 5 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 337 6 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 337 7 future future NN cord-281819-2roflnan 337 8 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 337 9 developers developer NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 337 10 could could MD cord-281819-2roflnan 337 11 create create VB cord-281819-2roflnan 337 12 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 337 13 smart smart JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 337 14 phone phone NN cord-281819-2roflnan 337 15 app app NN cord-281819-2roflnan 337 16 that that WDT cord-281819-2roflnan 337 17 could could MD cord-281819-2roflnan 337 18 decipher decipher VB cord-281819-2roflnan 337 19 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 337 20 emotional emotional JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 337 21 status status NN cord-281819-2roflnan 337 22 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 337 23 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 337 24 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 337 25 when when WRB cord-281819-2roflnan 337 26 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 337 27 user user NN cord-281819-2roflnan 337 28 held hold VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 337 29 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 337 30 phone phone NN cord-281819-2roflnan 337 31 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 337 32 front front NN cord-281819-2roflnan 337 33 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 337 34 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 337 35 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 337 36 's 's POS cord-281819-2roflnan 337 37 face face NN cord-281819-2roflnan 337 38 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 338 1 Although although IN cord-281819-2roflnan 338 2 sensor sensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 338 3 technology technology NN cord-281819-2roflnan 338 4 has have VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 338 5 been be VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 338 6 proven prove VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 338 7 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 338 8 provide provide VB cord-281819-2roflnan 338 9 accurate accurate JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 338 10 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 338 11 reliable reliable JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 338 12 results result NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 338 13 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 338 14 farm farm NN cord-281819-2roflnan 338 15 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 338 16 assessment assessment NN cord-281819-2roflnan 338 17 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 338 18 it -PRON- PRP cord-281819-2roflnan 338 19 poses pose VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 338 20 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 338 21 unique unique JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 338 22 set set NN cord-281819-2roflnan 338 23 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 338 24 challenges challenge NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 338 25 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 339 1 For for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 339 2 instance instance NN cord-281819-2roflnan 339 3 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 339 4 optical optical JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 339 5 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 339 6 such such JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 339 7 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 339 8 video video NN cord-281819-2roflnan 339 9 cameras camera NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 339 10 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 339 11 infrared infrared JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 339 12 thermography thermography NN cord-281819-2roflnan 339 13 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 339 14 or or CC cord-281819-2roflnan 339 15 depth depth NN cord-281819-2roflnan 339 16 cameras camera NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 339 17 are be VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 339 18 commonly commonly RB cord-281819-2roflnan 339 19 used use VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 339 20 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 339 21 automatically automatically RB cord-281819-2roflnan 339 22 assess assess VB cord-281819-2roflnan 339 23 general general JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 339 24 activity activity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 339 25 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 340 1 These these DT cord-281819-2roflnan 340 2 stationary stationary JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 340 3 optical optical JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 340 4 devices device NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 340 5 are be VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 340 6 prone prone JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 340 7 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 340 8 reduction reduction NN cord-281819-2roflnan 340 9 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 340 10 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 340 11 due due IN cord-281819-2roflnan 340 12 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 340 13 dirt dirt NN cord-281819-2roflnan 340 14 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 340 15 dust dust NN cord-281819-2roflnan 340 16 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 340 17 124 124 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 340 18 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 340 19 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 341 1 Depth depth NN cord-281819-2roflnan 341 2 cameras camera NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 341 3 are be VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 341 4 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 341 5 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 341 6 disturbances disturbance NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 341 7 from from IN cord-281819-2roflnan 341 8 heat heat NN cord-281819-2roflnan 341 9 sources source NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 341 10 including include VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 341 11 sunlight sunlight NN cord-281819-2roflnan 341 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 341 13 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 341 14 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 341 15 case case NN cord-281819-2roflnan 341 16 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 341 17 infrared infrared NN cord-281819-2roflnan 341 18 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 341 19 based base VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 341 20 systems system NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 341 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 341 22 or or CC cord-281819-2roflnan 341 23 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 341 24 color color NN cord-281819-2roflnan 341 25 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 341 26 structure structure NN cord-281819-2roflnan 341 27 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 341 28 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 341 29 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 341 30 ' ' POS cord-281819-2roflnan 341 31 feathers feather NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 341 32 or or CC cord-281819-2roflnan 341 33 fur fur NN cord-281819-2roflnan 341 34 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 341 35 125 125 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 341 36 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 341 37 126 126 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 341 38 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 341 39 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 342 1 Radiation radiation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 342 2 measurements measurement NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 342 3 rely rely VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 342 4 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 342 5 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 342 6 analysis analysis NN cord-281819-2roflnan 342 7 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 342 8 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 342 9 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 342 10 's 's POS cord-281819-2roflnan 342 11 emissivity emissivity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 342 12 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 342 13 conductivity conductivity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 342 14 values value NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 342 15 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 343 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-281819-2roflnan 343 2 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 343 3 infrared infrared JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 343 4 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 343 5 need need VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 343 6 specialized specialize VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 343 7 IR IR NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 343 8 translucent translucent JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 343 9 window window NN cord-281819-2roflnan 343 10 cover cover NN cord-281819-2roflnan 343 11 materials material NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 343 12 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 343 13 comparison comparison NN cord-281819-2roflnan 343 14 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 343 15 plastics plastic NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 343 16 or or CC cord-281819-2roflnan 343 17 steel steel NN cord-281819-2roflnan 343 18 based base VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 343 19 covers cover NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 343 20 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 343 21 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 343 22 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 343 23 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 343 24 are be VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 343 25 prone prone JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 343 26 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 343 27 damage damage NN cord-281819-2roflnan 343 28 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 343 29 physical physical JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 343 30 forces force NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 343 31 due due JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 343 32 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 343 33 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 343 34 harsh harsh JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 343 35 farming farming NN cord-281819-2roflnan 343 36 environments environment NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 343 37 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 343 38 99 99 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 343 39 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 343 40 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 344 1 Studies study NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 344 2 that that WDT cord-281819-2roflnan 344 3 have have VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 344 4 attempted attempt VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 344 5 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 344 6 show show VB cord-281819-2roflnan 344 7 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 344 8 correlation correlation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 344 9 between between IN cord-281819-2roflnan 344 10 broiler broiler NN cord-281819-2roflnan 344 11 outer outer JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 344 12 body body NN cord-281819-2roflnan 344 13 temperature temperature NN cord-281819-2roflnan 344 14 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 344 15 core core NN cord-281819-2roflnan 344 16 body body NN cord-281819-2roflnan 344 17 temperature temperature NN cord-281819-2roflnan 344 18 used use VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 344 19 IR IR NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 344 20 cameras camera NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 344 21 under under IN cord-281819-2roflnan 344 22 well well RB cord-281819-2roflnan 344 23 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 344 24 controlled control VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 344 25 research research NN cord-281819-2roflnan 344 26 conditions condition NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 344 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 344 28 127 127 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 344 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 344 30 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 345 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 345 2 high high JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 345 3 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 345 4 quality quality NN cord-281819-2roflnan 345 5 IR IR NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 345 6 cameras camera NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 345 7 used use VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 345 8 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 345 9 such such JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 345 10 studies study NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 345 11 are be VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 345 12 expensive expensive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 345 13 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 345 14 remain remain VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 345 15 impractical impractical JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 345 16 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 345 17 commercial commercial JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 345 18 applications application NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 345 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 345 20 127 127 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 345 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 345 22 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 346 1 PPG PPG NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 346 2 has have VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 346 3 contact contact NN cord-281819-2roflnan 346 4 requirements requirement NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 346 5 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 346 6 so so RB cord-281819-2roflnan 346 7 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-281819-2roflnan 346 8 advanced advanced JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 346 9 version version NN cord-281819-2roflnan 346 10 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 346 11 photoplethysmographic photoplethysmographic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 346 12 imaging imaging NN cord-281819-2roflnan 346 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 346 14 PPGI PPGI NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 346 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 346 16 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 346 17 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 346 18 being be VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 346 19 considered consider VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 346 20 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 346 21 use use NN cord-281819-2roflnan 346 22 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 346 23 livestock livestock NN cord-281819-2roflnan 346 24 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 347 1 Unlike unlike IN cord-281819-2roflnan 347 2 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 347 3 contact contact NN cord-281819-2roflnan 347 4 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 347 5 based base VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 347 6 requirements requirement NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 347 7 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 347 8 PPG PPG NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 347 9 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 347 10 PPGI PPGI NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 347 11 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 347 12 camera camera NN cord-281819-2roflnan 347 13 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 347 14 based base VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 347 15 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 347 16 low low JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 347 17 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 347 18 cost cost NN cord-281819-2roflnan 347 19 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 347 20 non non JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 347 21 - - JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 347 22 contact contact JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 347 23 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 347 24 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 347 25 convenient convenient JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 347 26 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 348 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-281819-2roflnan 348 2 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 348 3 also also RB cord-281819-2roflnan 348 4 preferable preferable JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 348 5 over over IN cord-281819-2roflnan 348 6 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 348 7 PPG PPG NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 348 8 sensor sensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 348 9 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 348 10 areas area NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 348 11 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 348 12 hygiene hygiene NN cord-281819-2roflnan 348 13 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 348 14 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 348 15 welfare welfare NN cord-281819-2roflnan 348 16 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 348 17 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 348 18 practical practical JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 348 19 deployment deployment NN cord-281819-2roflnan 348 20 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 348 21 housed house VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 348 22 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 348 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 348 24 38 38 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 348 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 348 26 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 349 1 However however RB cord-281819-2roflnan 349 2 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 349 3 even even RB cord-281819-2roflnan 349 4 PPGI PPGI NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 349 5 technique technique NN cord-281819-2roflnan 349 6 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 349 7 not not RB cord-281819-2roflnan 349 8 completely completely RB cord-281819-2roflnan 349 9 free free JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 349 10 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 349 11 loopholes loophole NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 349 12 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 350 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-281819-2roflnan 350 2 requires require VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 350 3 that that IN cord-281819-2roflnan 350 4 subjects subject NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 350 5 face face VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 350 6 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 350 7 camera camera NN cord-281819-2roflnan 350 8 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 350 9 remain remain VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 350 10 motionless motionless JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 350 11 during during IN cord-281819-2roflnan 350 12 recording recording NN cord-281819-2roflnan 350 13 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 351 1 PPGI PPGI NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 351 2 signals signal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 351 3 are be VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 351 4 also also RB cord-281819-2roflnan 351 5 prone prone JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 351 6 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 351 7 illumination illumination NN cord-281819-2roflnan 351 8 variations variation NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 351 9 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 351 10 motion motion NN cord-281819-2roflnan 351 11 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 351 12 induced induce VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 351 13 artifacts artifact NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 351 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 351 15 Table table NN cord-281819-2roflnan 351 16 2 2 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 351 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 351 18 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 351 19 especially especially RB cord-281819-2roflnan 351 20 while while IN cord-281819-2roflnan 351 21 dealing deal VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 351 22 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 351 23 webcams webcam NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 351 24 through through IN cord-281819-2roflnan 351 25 ambient ambient JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 351 26 light light NN cord-281819-2roflnan 351 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 351 28 128 128 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 351 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 351 30 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 351 31 _SP cord-281819-2roflnan 352 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 352 2 era era NN cord-281819-2roflnan 352 3 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 352 4 " " `` cord-281819-2roflnan 352 5 big big JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 352 6 data datum NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 352 7 " " '' cord-281819-2roflnan 352 8 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 352 9 interdependent interdependent JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 352 10 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 352 11 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 352 12 development development NN cord-281819-2roflnan 352 13 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 352 14 novel novel JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 352 15 sensing sensing NN cord-281819-2roflnan 352 16 technologies technology NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 352 17 that that WDT cord-281819-2roflnan 352 18 allow allow VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 352 19 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 352 20 rapid rapid JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 352 21 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 352 22 inexpensive inexpensive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 352 23 collection collection NN cord-281819-2roflnan 352 24 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 352 25 observations observation NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 352 26 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 352 27 data datum NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 352 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 352 29 128 128 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 352 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 352 31 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 353 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 353 2 trend trend NN cord-281819-2roflnan 353 3 towards towards IN cord-281819-2roflnan 353 4 agricultural agricultural JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 353 5 applications application NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 353 6 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 353 7 big big JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 353 8 data datum NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 353 9 techniques technique NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 353 10 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 353 11 methods method NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 353 12 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 353 13 not not RB cord-281819-2roflnan 353 14 strictly strictly RB cord-281819-2roflnan 353 15 about about IN cord-281819-2roflnan 353 16 primary primary JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 353 17 production production NN cord-281819-2roflnan 353 18 ; ; : cord-281819-2roflnan 353 19 farmers farmer NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 353 20 also also RB cord-281819-2roflnan 353 21 aim aim VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 353 22 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 353 23 improve improve VB cord-281819-2roflnan 353 24 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 353 25 efficiency efficiency NN cord-281819-2roflnan 353 26 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 353 27 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 353 28 entire entire JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 353 29 supply supply NN cord-281819-2roflnan 353 30 chain chain NN cord-281819-2roflnan 353 31 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 353 32 alleviate alleviate VB cord-281819-2roflnan 353 33 concerns concern NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 353 34 related relate VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 353 35 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 353 36 food food NN cord-281819-2roflnan 353 37 security security NN cord-281819-2roflnan 353 38 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 353 39 129 129 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 353 40 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 353 41 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 354 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 354 2 extent extent NN cord-281819-2roflnan 354 3 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 354 4 literature literature NN cord-281819-2roflnan 354 5 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 354 6 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 354 7 use use NN cord-281819-2roflnan 354 8 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 354 9 big big JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 354 10 data datum NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 354 11 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 354 12 smart smart JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 354 13 farming farming NN cord-281819-2roflnan 354 14 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 354 15 limited limit VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 354 16 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 354 17 peer peer NN cord-281819-2roflnan 354 18 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 354 19 reviewed review VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 354 20 literature literature NN cord-281819-2roflnan 354 21 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 354 22 but but CC cord-281819-2roflnan 354 23 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 354 24 commercial commercial JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 354 25 viability viability NN cord-281819-2roflnan 354 26 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 354 27 Internet internet NN cord-281819-2roflnan 354 28 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 354 29 Things thing NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 354 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 354 31 IoT IoT NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 354 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 354 33 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 354 34 new new JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 354 35 technologies technology NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 354 36 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 354 37 wireless wireless NN cord-281819-2roflnan 354 38 connectivity connectivity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 354 39 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 354 40 generating generate VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 354 41 huge huge JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 354 42 amounts amount NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 354 43 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 354 44 data datum NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 354 45 that that WDT cord-281819-2roflnan 354 46 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 354 47 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 354 48 used use VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 354 49 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 354 50 end end NN cord-281819-2roflnan 354 51 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 354 52 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 354 53 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 354 54 end end NN cord-281819-2roflnan 354 55 livestock livestock NN cord-281819-2roflnan 354 56 management management NN cord-281819-2roflnan 354 57 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 354 58 129 129 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 354 59 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 354 60 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 355 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-281819-2roflnan 355 2 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 355 3 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 355 4 all all PDT cord-281819-2roflnan 355 5 this this DT cord-281819-2roflnan 355 6 data data NN cord-281819-2roflnan 355 7 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 355 8 available available JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 355 9 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 355 10 real real JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 355 11 time time NN cord-281819-2roflnan 355 12 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 355 13 it -PRON- PRP cord-281819-2roflnan 355 14 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 355 15 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 355 16 used use VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 355 17 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 355 18 support support VB cord-281819-2roflnan 355 19 decision decision NN cord-281819-2roflnan 355 20 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 355 21 making make VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 355 22 capabilities capability NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 355 23 that that WDT cord-281819-2roflnan 355 24 were be VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 355 25 incomprehensible incomprehensible JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 355 26 before before RB cord-281819-2roflnan 355 27 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 356 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 356 2 scope scope NN cord-281819-2roflnan 356 3 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 356 4 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 356 5 use use NN cord-281819-2roflnan 356 6 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 356 7 big big JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 356 8 data datum NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 356 9 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 356 10 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 356 11 physiology physiology NN cord-281819-2roflnan 356 12 includes include VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 356 13 automatic automatic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 356 14 phenotype phenotype NN cord-281819-2roflnan 356 15 identification identification NN cord-281819-2roflnan 356 16 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 356 17 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 356 18 breeds breed NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 356 19 using use VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 356 20 computer computer NN cord-281819-2roflnan 356 21 vision vision NN cord-281819-2roflnan 356 22 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 356 23 machine machine NN cord-281819-2roflnan 356 24 learning learning NN cord-281819-2roflnan 356 25 techniques technique NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 356 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 356 27 130 130 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 356 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 356 29 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 356 30 genomic genomic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 356 31 prediction prediction NN cord-281819-2roflnan 356 32 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 356 33 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 356 34 disease disease NN cord-281819-2roflnan 356 35 detection detection NN cord-281819-2roflnan 356 36 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 356 37 sub sub JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 356 38 - - JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 356 39 clinical clinical JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 356 40 mastitis mastitis NN cord-281819-2roflnan 356 41 applying apply VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 356 42 machine machine NN cord-281819-2roflnan 356 43 learning learning NN cord-281819-2roflnan 356 44 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 356 45 based base VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 356 46 prediction prediction NN cord-281819-2roflnan 356 47 platforms platform NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 356 48 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 356 49 milking milk VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 356 50 datasets dataset NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 356 51 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 356 52 study study VB cord-281819-2roflnan 356 53 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 356 54 best good JJS cord-281819-2roflnan 356 55 predictive predictive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 356 56 models model NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 356 57 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 356 58 sub sub JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 356 59 - - JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 356 60 clinical clinical JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 356 61 mastitis mastitis NN cord-281819-2roflnan 356 62 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 356 63 131 131 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 356 64 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 356 65 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 357 1 Other other JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 357 2 methodologies methodology NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 357 3 exploring explore VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 357 4 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 357 5 detection detection NN cord-281819-2roflnan 357 6 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 357 7 sub sub JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 357 8 - - JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 357 9 clinical clinical JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 357 10 mastitis mastitis NN cord-281819-2roflnan 357 11 include include VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 357 12 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 357 13 use use NN cord-281819-2roflnan 357 14 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 357 15 cytometric cytometric JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 357 16 fingerprinting fingerprinting NN cord-281819-2roflnan 357 17 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 357 18 machine machine NN cord-281819-2roflnan 357 19 learning learn VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 357 20 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 357 21 132 132 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 357 22 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 357 23 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 358 1 Big big JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 358 2 data datum NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 358 3 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 358 4 machine machine NN cord-281819-2roflnan 358 5 learning learning NN cord-281819-2roflnan 358 6 have have VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 358 7 been be VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 358 8 used use VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 358 9 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 358 10 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 358 11 analysis analysis NN cord-281819-2roflnan 358 12 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 358 13 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 358 14 behavior behavior NN cord-281819-2roflnan 358 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 358 16 133 133 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 358 17 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 358 18 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 359 1 Computer computer NN cord-281819-2roflnan 359 2 vision vision NN cord-281819-2roflnan 359 3 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 359 4 based base VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 359 5 methods method NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 359 6 have have VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 359 7 been be VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 359 8 employed employ VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 359 9 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 359 10 automatic automatic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 359 11 recognition recognition NN cord-281819-2roflnan 359 12 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 359 13 commercial commercial JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 359 14 farms farm NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 359 15 using use VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 359 16 spatial spatial JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 359 17 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 359 18 temporal temporal JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 359 19 information information NN cord-281819-2roflnan 359 20 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 359 21 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 359 22 nursing nursing NN cord-281819-2roflnan 359 23 behavior behavior NN cord-281819-2roflnan 359 24 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 359 25 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 359 26 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 359 27 individual individual JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 359 28 pig pig NN cord-281819-2roflnan 359 29 recognition recognition NN cord-281819-2roflnan 359 30 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 359 31 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 359 32 accuracy accuracy NN cord-281819-2roflnan 359 33 rates rate NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 359 34 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 359 35 96.7 96.7 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 359 36 % % NN cord-281819-2roflnan 359 37 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 359 38 134 134 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 359 39 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 359 40 135 135 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 359 41 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 359 42 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 360 1 Machine machine NN cord-281819-2roflnan 360 2 learning learning NN cord-281819-2roflnan 360 3 tools tool NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 360 4 have have VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 360 5 been be VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 360 6 used use VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 360 7 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 360 8 evaluate evaluate VB cord-281819-2roflnan 360 9 cattle cattle NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 360 10 behavior behavior NN cord-281819-2roflnan 360 11 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 360 12 feed feed NN cord-281819-2roflnan 360 13 intake intake NN cord-281819-2roflnan 360 14 using use VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 360 15 predictive predictive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 360 16 clustering clustering NN cord-281819-2roflnan 360 17 trees tree NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 360 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 360 19 PCT PCT NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 360 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 360 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 360 22 136 136 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 360 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 360 24 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 360 25 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 360 26 combining combine VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 360 27 accelerometer accelerometer NN cord-281819-2roflnan 360 28 data datum NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 360 29 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 360 30 machine machine NN cord-281819-2roflnan 360 31 learning learn VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 360 32 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 360 33 analyze analyze VB cord-281819-2roflnan 360 34 cattle cattle NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 360 35 behavior behavior NN cord-281819-2roflnan 360 36 including include VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 360 37 walking walk VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 360 38 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 360 39 grazing graze VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 360 40 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 360 41 ruminating ruminate VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 360 42 while while IN cord-281819-2roflnan 360 43 standing stand VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 360 44 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 360 45 resting rest VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 360 46 while while IN cord-281819-2roflnan 360 47 standing stand VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 360 48 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 360 49 ruminating ruminate VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 360 50 while while IN cord-281819-2roflnan 360 51 lying lie VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 360 52 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 360 53 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 360 54 resting rest VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 360 55 while while IN cord-281819-2roflnan 360 56 lying lie VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 360 57 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 360 58 81 81 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 360 59 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 360 60 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 361 1 While while IN cord-281819-2roflnan 361 2 this this DT cord-281819-2roflnan 361 3 method method NN cord-281819-2roflnan 361 4 resulted result VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 361 5 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 361 6 excellent excellent JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 361 7 behavior behavior NN cord-281819-2roflnan 361 8 prediction prediction NN cord-281819-2roflnan 361 9 accuracy accuracy NN cord-281819-2roflnan 361 10 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 361 11 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 361 12 machine machine NN cord-281819-2roflnan 361 13 struggled struggle VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 361 14 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 361 15 differentiate differentiate VB cord-281819-2roflnan 361 16 cow cow NN cord-281819-2roflnan 361 17 postures posture NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 361 18 based base VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 361 19 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 361 20 data datum NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 361 21 from from IN cord-281819-2roflnan 361 22 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 361 23 single single JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 361 24 accelerometer accelerometer NN cord-281819-2roflnan 361 25 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 362 1 Other other JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 362 2 methodologies methodology NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 362 3 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 362 4 determine determine VB cord-281819-2roflnan 362 5 feed feed NN cord-281819-2roflnan 362 6 intake intake NN cord-281819-2roflnan 362 7 include include VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 362 8 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 362 9 adoption adoption NN cord-281819-2roflnan 362 10 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 362 11 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 362 12 machine machine NN cord-281819-2roflnan 362 13 vision vision NN cord-281819-2roflnan 362 14 system system NN cord-281819-2roflnan 362 15 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 362 16 feed feed NN cord-281819-2roflnan 362 17 intake intake NN cord-281819-2roflnan 362 18 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 362 19 individual individual JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 362 20 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 362 21 based base VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 362 22 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 362 23 deep deep JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 362 24 convolutional convolutional NN cord-281819-2roflnan 362 25 neural neural JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 362 26 networks network NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 362 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 362 28 CNNs CNNs NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 362 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 362 30 models model NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 362 31 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 362 32 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 362 33 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 362 34 low low JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 362 35 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 362 36 cost cost NN cord-281819-2roflnan 362 37 RGB rgb NN cord-281819-2roflnan 362 38 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 362 39 D d JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 362 40 ( ( -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 362 41 Red Red NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 362 42 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 362 43 Green Green NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 362 44 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 362 45 Blue Blue NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 362 46 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 362 47 Depth depth NN cord-281819-2roflnan 362 48 ) ) -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 362 49 camera camera NN cord-281819-2roflnan 362 50 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 362 51 137 137 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 362 52 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 362 53 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 363 1 Big big JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 363 2 data datum NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 363 3 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 363 4 machine machine NN cord-281819-2roflnan 363 5 learning learning NN cord-281819-2roflnan 363 6 are be VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 363 7 being be VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 363 8 evaluated evaluate VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 363 9 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 363 10 several several JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 363 11 other other JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 363 12 areas area NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 363 13 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 363 14 standalone standalone JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 363 15 methods method NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 363 16 or or CC cord-281819-2roflnan 363 17 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 363 18 combination combination NN cord-281819-2roflnan 363 19 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 363 20 conventional conventional JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 363 21 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 363 22 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 363 23 evaluate evaluate VB cord-281819-2roflnan 363 24 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 363 25 behavior behavior NN cord-281819-2roflnan 363 26 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 363 27 livestock livestock NN cord-281819-2roflnan 363 28 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 364 1 These these DT cord-281819-2roflnan 364 2 technologies technology NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 364 3 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 364 4 determine determine VB cord-281819-2roflnan 364 5 several several JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 364 6 other other JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 364 7 physiological physiological JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 364 8 parameters parameter NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 364 9 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 364 10 such such JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 364 11 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 364 12 heat heat NN cord-281819-2roflnan 364 13 stress stress NN cord-281819-2roflnan 364 14 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 364 15 dairy dairy NN cord-281819-2roflnan 364 16 cows cow NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 364 17 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 365 1 This this DT cord-281819-2roflnan 365 2 method method NN cord-281819-2roflnan 365 3 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 365 4 considered consider VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 365 5 superior superior JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 365 6 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 365 7 current current JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 365 8 approaches approach NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 365 9 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 365 10 determining determine VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 365 11 stressors stressor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 365 12 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 365 13 several several JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 365 14 machine machine NN cord-281819-2roflnan 365 15 learning learn VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 365 16 algorithms algorithm NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 365 17 consider consider VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 365 18 nonlinearity nonlinearity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 365 19 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 365 20 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 365 21 data datum NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 365 22 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 365 23 thereby thereby RB cord-281819-2roflnan 365 24 removing remove VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 365 25 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 365 26 subjectivity subjectivity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 365 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 365 28 138 138 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 365 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 365 30 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 366 1 Big big JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 366 2 data data NN cord-281819-2roflnan 366 3 has have VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 366 4 been be VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 366 5 used use VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 366 6 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 366 7 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 366 8 analysis analysis NN cord-281819-2roflnan 366 9 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 366 10 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 366 11 behavior behavior NN cord-281819-2roflnan 366 12 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 366 13 quantitative quantitative JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 366 14 risk risk NN cord-281819-2roflnan 366 15 assessment assessment NN cord-281819-2roflnan 366 16 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 366 17 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 366 18 disease disease NN cord-281819-2roflnan 366 19 transmission transmission NN cord-281819-2roflnan 366 20 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 366 21 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 366 22 implementation implementation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 366 23 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 366 24 practices practice NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 366 25 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 366 26 risk risk NN cord-281819-2roflnan 366 27 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 366 28 reduction reduction NN cord-281819-2roflnan 366 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 366 30 139 139 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 366 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 366 32 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 367 1 In in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 367 2 near near JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 367 3 future future NN cord-281819-2roflnan 367 4 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 367 5 big big JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 367 6 data data NN cord-281819-2roflnan 367 7 application application NN cord-281819-2roflnan 367 8 would would MD cord-281819-2roflnan 367 9 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 367 10 commonplace commonplace JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 367 11 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 367 12 analyzing analyze VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 367 13 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 367 14 behavior behavior NN cord-281819-2roflnan 367 15 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 367 16 welfare welfare NN cord-281819-2roflnan 367 17 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 368 1 Big big JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 368 2 data datum NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 368 3 's 's POS cord-281819-2roflnan 368 4 true true JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 368 5 potential potential NN cord-281819-2roflnan 368 6 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 368 7 practical practical JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 368 8 terms term NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 368 9 will will MD cord-281819-2roflnan 368 10 undoubtedly undoubtedly RB cord-281819-2roflnan 368 11 require require VB cord-281819-2roflnan 368 12 close close JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 368 13 collaboration collaboration NN cord-281819-2roflnan 368 14 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 368 15 fields field NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 368 16 such such JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 368 17 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 368 18 computer computer NN cord-281819-2roflnan 368 19 science science NN cord-281819-2roflnan 368 20 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 368 21 engineering engineering NN cord-281819-2roflnan 368 22 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 368 23 mathematics mathematic NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 368 24 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 368 25 statistics statistic NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 368 26 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 368 27 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 368 28 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 368 29 livestock livestock NN cord-281819-2roflnan 368 30 industry industry NN cord-281819-2roflnan 368 31 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 368 32 enable enable VB cord-281819-2roflnan 368 33 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 368 34 development development NN cord-281819-2roflnan 368 35 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 368 36 cutting cut VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 368 37 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 368 38 edge edge NN cord-281819-2roflnan 368 39 approaches approach NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 368 40 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 368 41 analyzing analyze VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 368 42 large large JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 368 43 quantities quantity NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 368 44 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 368 45 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 368 46 data datum NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 368 47 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 368 48 140 140 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 368 49 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 368 50 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 369 1 Predictive predictive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 369 2 machine machine NN cord-281819-2roflnan 369 3 learning learning NN cord-281819-2roflnan 369 4 approaches approach NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 369 5 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 369 6 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 369 7 combination combination NN cord-281819-2roflnan 369 8 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 369 9 sensor sensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 369 10 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 369 11 based base VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 369 12 data datum NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 369 13 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 369 14 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 369 15 prove prove VB cord-281819-2roflnan 369 16 invaluable invaluable JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 369 17 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 369 18 addressing address VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 369 19 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 369 20 challenges challenge NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 369 21 ahead ahead RB cord-281819-2roflnan 369 22 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 369 23 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 369 24 sciences science NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 369 25 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 370 1 Some some DT cord-281819-2roflnan 370 2 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 370 3 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 370 4 costs cost NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 370 5 associated associate VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 370 6 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 370 7 implementation implementation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 370 8 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 370 9 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 370 10 technology technology NN cord-281819-2roflnan 370 11 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 370 12 investigation investigation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 370 13 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 370 14 measurement measurement NN cord-281819-2roflnan 370 15 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 370 16 adaptation adaptation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 370 17 physiology physiology NN cord-281819-2roflnan 370 18 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 370 19 farm farm NN cord-281819-2roflnan 370 20 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 370 21 are be VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 370 22 expenses expense NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 370 23 involving involve VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 370 24 software software NN cord-281819-2roflnan 370 25 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 370 26 hardware hardware NN cord-281819-2roflnan 370 27 sensing sense VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 370 28 electronic electronic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 370 29 components component NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 370 30 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 370 31 data datum NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 370 32 storage storage NN cord-281819-2roflnan 370 33 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 370 34 information information NN cord-281819-2roflnan 370 35 costs cost NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 370 36 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 370 37 data datum NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 370 38 processing processing NN cord-281819-2roflnan 370 39 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 370 40 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 370 41 learning learn VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 370 42 costs cost NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 370 43 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 370 44 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 370 45 producers producer NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 370 46 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 370 47 develop develop VB cord-281819-2roflnan 370 48 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 370 49 management management NN cord-281819-2roflnan 370 50 framework framework NN cord-281819-2roflnan 370 51 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 371 1 Size size NN cord-281819-2roflnan 371 2 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 371 3 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 371 4 farm farm NN cord-281819-2roflnan 371 5 greatly greatly RB cord-281819-2roflnan 371 6 influences influence VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 371 7 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 371 8 adoption adoption NN cord-281819-2roflnan 371 9 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 371 10 profitability profitability NN cord-281819-2roflnan 371 11 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 371 12 using use VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 371 13 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 371 14 technologies technology NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 371 15 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 371 16 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 371 17 cost cost NN cord-281819-2roflnan 371 18 / / SYM cord-281819-2roflnan 371 19 benefit benefit NN cord-281819-2roflnan 371 20 estimations estimation NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 371 21 need need VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 371 22 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 371 23 specific specific JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 371 24 minimal minimal JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 371 25 farm farm NN cord-281819-2roflnan 371 26 size size NN cord-281819-2roflnan 371 27 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 371 28 depreciate depreciate VB cord-281819-2roflnan 371 29 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 371 30 investments investment NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 371 31 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 372 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 372 2 benefits benefit NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 372 3 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 372 4 sensing sense VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 372 5 technologies technology NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 372 6 that that WDT cord-281819-2roflnan 372 7 enable enable VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 372 8 real real JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 372 9 time time NN cord-281819-2roflnan 372 10 data datum NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 372 11 collection collection NN cord-281819-2roflnan 372 12 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 372 13 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 372 14 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 372 15 behaviors behavior NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 372 16 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 372 17 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 372 18 adaptation adaptation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 372 19 physiology physiology NN cord-281819-2roflnan 372 20 are be VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 372 21 beginning begin VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 372 22 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 372 23 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 372 24 validated validate VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 372 25 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 373 1 Benefit benefit NN cord-281819-2roflnan 373 2 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 373 3 cost cost NN cord-281819-2roflnan 373 4 ratio ratio NN cord-281819-2roflnan 373 5 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 373 6 internal internal JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 373 7 rate rate NN cord-281819-2roflnan 373 8 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 373 9 return return NN cord-281819-2roflnan 373 10 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 373 11 payback payback NN cord-281819-2roflnan 373 12 period period NN cord-281819-2roflnan 373 13 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 373 14 net net JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 373 15 present present JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 373 16 value value NN cord-281819-2roflnan 373 17 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 373 18 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 373 19 milk milk NN cord-281819-2roflnan 373 20 production production NN cord-281819-2roflnan 373 21 measures measure NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 373 22 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 373 23 evaluating evaluate VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 373 24 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 373 25 economic economic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 373 26 value value NN cord-281819-2roflnan 373 27 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 373 28 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 373 29 investment investment NN cord-281819-2roflnan 373 30 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 373 31 precision precision NN cord-281819-2roflnan 373 32 livestock livestock NN cord-281819-2roflnan 373 33 farming farming NN cord-281819-2roflnan 373 34 platforms platform NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 373 35 such such JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 373 36 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 373 37 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 373 38 Automated Automated NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 373 39 Estrus Estrus NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 373 40 Detection Detection NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 373 41 tools tool NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 373 42 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 373 43 141 141 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 373 44 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 373 45 assured assure VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 373 46 farm farm NN cord-281819-2roflnan 373 47 profitability profitability NN cord-281819-2roflnan 373 48 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 373 49 enhancement enhancement NN cord-281819-2roflnan 373 50 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 373 51 production production NN cord-281819-2roflnan 373 52 efficiency efficiency NN cord-281819-2roflnan 373 53 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 374 1 Cost cost NN cord-281819-2roflnan 374 2 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 374 3 benefit benefit NN cord-281819-2roflnan 374 4 analysis analysis NN cord-281819-2roflnan 374 5 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 374 6 four four CD cord-281819-2roflnan 374 7 fictive fictive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 374 8 pig pig NN cord-281819-2roflnan 374 9 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 374 10 dairy dairy NN cord-281819-2roflnan 374 11 farms farm NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 374 12 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 374 13 Hammer Hammer NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 374 14 et et NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 374 15 al al NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 374 16 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 375 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 375 2 142 142 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 375 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 375 4 showed show VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 375 5 that that IN cord-281819-2roflnan 375 6 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 375 7 ultra ultra JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 375 8 - - JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 375 9 high high JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 375 10 frequency frequency NN cord-281819-2roflnan 375 11 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 375 12 radio radio NN cord-281819-2roflnan 375 13 frequency frequency NN cord-281819-2roflnan 375 14 identification identification NN cord-281819-2roflnan 375 15 tags tag NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 375 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 375 17 UHF UHF NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 375 18 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 375 19 RFID RFID NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 375 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 375 21 sensor sensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 375 22 platform platform NN cord-281819-2roflnan 375 23 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 375 24 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 375 25 simultaneous simultaneous JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 375 26 detection detection NN cord-281819-2roflnan 375 27 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 375 28 hotspot hotspot NN cord-281819-2roflnan 375 29 monitoring monitoring NN cord-281819-2roflnan 375 30 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 375 31 fattening fatten VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 375 32 pigs pig NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 375 33 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 375 34 dairy dairy NN cord-281819-2roflnan 375 35 cows cow NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 375 36 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 375 37 economically economically RB cord-281819-2roflnan 375 38 advantageous advantageous JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 375 39 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 376 1 However however RB cord-281819-2roflnan 376 2 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 376 3 this this DT cord-281819-2roflnan 376 4 study study NN cord-281819-2roflnan 376 5 was be VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 376 6 conducted conduct VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 376 7 based base VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 376 8 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 376 9 only only JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 376 10 fictive fictive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 376 11 farms farm NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 376 12 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 376 13 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 376 14 did do VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 376 15 not not RB cord-281819-2roflnan 376 16 include include VB cord-281819-2roflnan 376 17 additional additional JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 376 18 benefits benefit NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 376 19 such such JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 376 20 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 376 21 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 376 22 welfare welfare NN cord-281819-2roflnan 376 23 indicating indicate VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 376 24 parameters parameter NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 376 25 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 376 26 supporting support VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 376 27 quality quality NN cord-281819-2roflnan 376 28 marketing marketing NN cord-281819-2roflnan 376 29 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 376 30 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 376 31 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 376 32 advantages advantage NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 376 33 associated associate VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 376 34 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 376 35 traceability traceability NN cord-281819-2roflnan 376 36 programs program NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 376 37 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 377 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 377 2 advent advent NN cord-281819-2roflnan 377 3 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 377 4 sensor sensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 377 5 technologies technology NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 377 6 has have VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 377 7 revolutionized revolutionize VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 377 8 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 377 9 assessment assessment NN cord-281819-2roflnan 377 10 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 377 11 livestock livestock NN cord-281819-2roflnan 377 12 behavior behavior NN cord-281819-2roflnan 377 13 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 377 14 stress stress NN cord-281819-2roflnan 377 15 responses response NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 377 16 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 378 1 Sensor sensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 378 2 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 378 3 based base VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 378 4 technologies technology NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 378 5 have have VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 378 6 contributed contribute VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 378 7 immensely immensely RB cord-281819-2roflnan 378 8 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 378 9 minimizing minimize VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 378 10 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 378 11 stress stress NN cord-281819-2roflnan 378 12 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 378 13 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 378 14 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 378 15 improving improve VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 378 16 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 378 17 welfare welfare NN cord-281819-2roflnan 378 18 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 378 19 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 378 20 consequently consequently RB cord-281819-2roflnan 378 21 preventing prevent VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 378 22 economic economic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 378 23 losses loss NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 378 24 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 379 1 Early early JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 379 2 detection detection NN cord-281819-2roflnan 379 3 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 379 4 physiological physiological JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 379 5 responses response NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 379 6 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 379 7 help help VB cord-281819-2roflnan 379 8 farmers farmer NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 379 9 take take VB cord-281819-2roflnan 379 10 targeted target VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 379 11 measures measure NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 379 12 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 379 13 alleviate alleviate VB cord-281819-2roflnan 379 14 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 379 15 strain strain NN cord-281819-2roflnan 379 16 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 379 17 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-281819-2roflnan 379 18 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 379 19 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 379 20 improve improve VB cord-281819-2roflnan 379 21 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 379 22 welfare welfare NN cord-281819-2roflnan 379 23 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 379 24 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 379 25 prevent prevent VB cord-281819-2roflnan 379 26 performance performance NN cord-281819-2roflnan 379 27 losses loss NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 379 28 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 379 29 predicting predict VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 379 30 potential potential JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 379 31 disease disease NN cord-281819-2roflnan 379 32 outbreaks outbreak NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 379 33 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 380 1 Sensor sensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 380 2 technologies technology NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 380 3 have have VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 380 4 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 380 5 edge edge NN cord-281819-2roflnan 380 6 over over IN cord-281819-2roflnan 380 7 traditional traditional JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 380 8 assessment assessment NN cord-281819-2roflnan 380 9 methods method NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 380 10 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 380 11 they -PRON- PRP cord-281819-2roflnan 380 12 are be VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 380 13 timesaving timesave VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 380 14 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 380 15 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 380 16 automatically automatically RB cord-281819-2roflnan 380 17 take take VB cord-281819-2roflnan 380 18 measurements measurement NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 380 19 at at IN cord-281819-2roflnan 380 20 desired desire VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 380 21 time time NN cord-281819-2roflnan 380 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 380 23 Table table NN cord-281819-2roflnan 380 24 1 1 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 380 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 380 26 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 381 1 These these DT cord-281819-2roflnan 381 2 efficient efficient JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 381 3 technologies technology NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 381 4 aid aid NN cord-281819-2roflnan 381 5 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 381 6 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 381 7 evaluation evaluation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 381 8 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 381 9 certain certain JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 381 10 responses response NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 381 11 that that WDT cord-281819-2roflnan 381 12 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 381 13 then then RB cord-281819-2roflnan 381 14 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 381 15 used use VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 381 16 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 381 17 precisely precisely RB cord-281819-2roflnan 381 18 estimate estimate VB cord-281819-2roflnan 381 19 physiological physiological JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 381 20 states state NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 381 21 such such JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 381 22 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 381 23 stress stress NN cord-281819-2roflnan 381 24 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 381 25 welfare welfare NN cord-281819-2roflnan 381 26 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 381 27 fertility fertility NN cord-281819-2roflnan 381 28 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 381 29 health health NN cord-281819-2roflnan 381 30 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 381 31 metabolism metabolism NN cord-281819-2roflnan 381 32 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 381 33 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 381 34 disease disease NN cord-281819-2roflnan 381 35 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 382 1 On on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 382 2 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 382 3 technological technological JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 382 4 front front NN cord-281819-2roflnan 382 5 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 382 6 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 382 7 number number NN cord-281819-2roflnan 382 8 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 382 9 novel novel JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 382 10 sensor sensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 382 11 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 382 12 based base VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 382 13 methodologies methodology NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 382 14 are be VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 382 15 still still RB cord-281819-2roflnan 382 16 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 382 17 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 382 18 explorative explorative JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 382 19 phase phase NN cord-281819-2roflnan 382 20 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 382 21 development development NN cord-281819-2roflnan 382 22 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 383 1 Some some DT cord-281819-2roflnan 383 2 promising promising JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 383 3 sensor sensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 383 4 candidates candidate NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 383 5 include include VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 383 6 microRNA microRNA NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 383 7 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 383 8 based base VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 383 9 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 383 10 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 383 11 detecting detect VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 383 12 bovine bovine JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 383 13 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 383 14 syncytial syncytial JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 383 15 virus virus NN cord-281819-2roflnan 383 16 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 383 17 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 383 18 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 383 19 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 383 20 detection detection NN cord-281819-2roflnan 383 21 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 383 22 salivary salivary JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 383 23 hormones hormone NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 383 24 such such JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 383 25 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 383 26 Luteinizing Luteinizing NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 383 27 Hormone Hormone NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 383 28 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 383 29 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 383 30 detection detection NN cord-281819-2roflnan 383 31 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 383 32 bovine bovine JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 383 33 estrus estrus NN cord-281819-2roflnan 383 34 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 383 35 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 383 36 electrochemical electrochemical JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 383 37 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 383 38 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 383 39 detect detect VB cord-281819-2roflnan 383 40 antibodies antibody NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 383 41 against against IN cord-281819-2roflnan 383 42 influenza influenza NN cord-281819-2roflnan 383 43 A a NN cord-281819-2roflnan 383 44 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 383 45 B b NN cord-281819-2roflnan 383 46 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 383 47 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 383 48 name name VB cord-281819-2roflnan 383 49 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 383 50 few few JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 383 51 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 384 1 These these DT cord-281819-2roflnan 384 2 rely rely VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 384 3 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 384 4 highly highly RB cord-281819-2roflnan 384 5 specific specific JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 384 6 biomarkers biomarker NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 384 7 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 384 8 specific specific JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 384 9 physiological physiological JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 384 10 conditions condition NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 384 11 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 385 1 None none NN cord-281819-2roflnan 385 2 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 385 3 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 385 4 currently currently RB cord-281819-2roflnan 385 5 available available JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 385 6 commercial commercial JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 385 7 devices device NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 385 8 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 385 9 sensing sensing NN cord-281819-2roflnan 385 10 systems system NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 385 11 provide provide VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 385 12 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 385 13 combination combination NN cord-281819-2roflnan 385 14 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 385 15 size size NN cord-281819-2roflnan 385 16 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 385 17 functionality functionality NN cord-281819-2roflnan 385 18 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 385 19 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 385 20 wearability wearability NN cord-281819-2roflnan 385 21 that that WDT cord-281819-2roflnan 385 22 meets meet VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 385 23 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 385 24 requirements requirement NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 385 25 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 385 26 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 385 27 livestock livestock NN cord-281819-2roflnan 385 28 sector sector NN cord-281819-2roflnan 385 29 or or CC cord-281819-2roflnan 385 30 allows allow VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 385 31 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 385 32 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 385 33 movement movement NN cord-281819-2roflnan 385 34 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 385 35 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 385 36 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 385 37 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 385 38 simultaneous simultaneous JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 385 39 measurement measurement NN cord-281819-2roflnan 385 40 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 385 41 physiological physiological JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 385 42 parameters parameter NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 385 43 such such JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 385 44 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 385 45 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 385 46 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 385 47 heart heart NN cord-281819-2roflnan 385 48 rate rate NN cord-281819-2roflnan 385 49 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 386 1 This this DT cord-281819-2roflnan 386 2 gap gap NN cord-281819-2roflnan 386 3 calls call VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 386 4 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 386 5 research research NN cord-281819-2roflnan 386 6 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 386 7 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 386 8 design design NN cord-281819-2roflnan 386 9 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 386 10 development development NN cord-281819-2roflnan 386 11 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 386 12 sensing sense VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 386 13 technologies technology NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 386 14 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 386 15 next next JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 386 16 generation generation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 386 17 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 386 18 precision precision NN cord-281819-2roflnan 386 19 livestock livestock NN cord-281819-2roflnan 386 20 farming farming NN cord-281819-2roflnan 386 21 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 387 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-281819-2roflnan 387 2 should should MD cord-281819-2roflnan 387 3 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 387 4 noted note VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 387 5 that that IN cord-281819-2roflnan 387 6 some some DT cord-281819-2roflnan 387 7 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 387 8 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 387 9 precision precision NN cord-281819-2roflnan 387 10 livestock livestock NN cord-281819-2roflnan 387 11 farming farming NN cord-281819-2roflnan 387 12 sensing sensing NN cord-281819-2roflnan 387 13 platforms platform NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 387 14 do do VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 387 15 not not RB cord-281819-2roflnan 387 16 require require VB cord-281819-2roflnan 387 17 internet internet NN cord-281819-2roflnan 387 18 connectivity connectivity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 387 19 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 387 20 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 387 21 possibly possibly RB cord-281819-2roflnan 387 22 function function VB cord-281819-2roflnan 387 23 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 387 24 using use VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 387 25 Bluetooth Bluetooth NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 387 26 and/or and/or CC cord-281819-2roflnan 387 27 radio radio NN cord-281819-2roflnan 387 28 frequency frequency NN cord-281819-2roflnan 387 29 spectrum spectrum NN cord-281819-2roflnan 387 30 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 388 1 These these DT cord-281819-2roflnan 388 2 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 388 3 may may MD cord-281819-2roflnan 388 4 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 388 5 used use VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 388 6 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 388 7 isolation isolation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 388 8 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 388 9 which which WDT cord-281819-2roflnan 388 10 encrypted encrypt VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 388 11 data datum NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 388 12 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 388 13 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 388 14 collected collect VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 388 15 from from IN cord-281819-2roflnan 388 16 multiple multiple JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 388 17 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 388 18 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 388 19 barn barn NN cord-281819-2roflnan 388 20 systems system NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 388 21 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 388 22 compiled compile VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 388 23 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 388 24 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 388 25 sent send VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 388 26 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 388 27 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 388 28 local local JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 388 29 computational computational JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 388 30 platform platform NN cord-281819-2roflnan 388 31 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 388 32 data datum NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 388 33 processing processing NN cord-281819-2roflnan 388 34 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 388 35 143 143 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 388 36 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 388 37 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 389 1 With with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 389 2 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 389 3 advent advent NN cord-281819-2roflnan 389 4 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 389 5 Digital Digital NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 389 6 Twins Twins NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 389 7 technologies technology NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 389 8 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 389 9 livestock livestock NN cord-281819-2roflnan 389 10 farming farming NN cord-281819-2roflnan 389 11 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 389 12 real real JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 389 13 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 389 14 time time NN cord-281819-2roflnan 389 15 data datum NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 389 16 transmission transmission NN cord-281819-2roflnan 389 17 collected collect VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 389 18 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 389 19 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 389 20 multitude multitude NN cord-281819-2roflnan 389 21 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 389 22 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 389 23 from from IN cord-281819-2roflnan 389 24 farms farm NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 389 25 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 389 26 one one CD cord-281819-2roflnan 389 27 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 389 28 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 389 29 basic basic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 389 30 design design NN cord-281819-2roflnan 389 31 requirements requirement NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 389 32 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 390 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-281819-2roflnan 390 2 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 390 3 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 390 4 OIE OIE NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 390 5 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 390 6 World World NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 390 7 organization organization NN cord-281819-2roflnan 390 8 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 390 9 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 390 10 health health NN cord-281819-2roflnan 390 11 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 390 12 strongly strongly RB cord-281819-2roflnan 390 13 advises advise VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 390 14 real real JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 390 15 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 390 16 time time NN cord-281819-2roflnan 390 17 detection detection NN cord-281819-2roflnan 390 18 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 390 19 transmission transmission NN cord-281819-2roflnan 390 20 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 390 21 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 390 22 health health NN cord-281819-2roflnan 390 23 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 390 24 epidemiological epidemiological JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 390 25 data datum NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 390 26 from from IN cord-281819-2roflnan 390 27 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 390 28 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 390 29 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 390 30 devices device NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 390 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 390 32 14 14 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 390 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 390 34 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 390 35 producers producer NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 390 36 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 390 37 inspection inspection NN cord-281819-2roflnan 390 38 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 390 39 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 390 40 government government NN cord-281819-2roflnan 390 41 agencies agency NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 390 42 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 391 1 Hence hence RB cord-281819-2roflnan 391 2 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 391 3 internet internet NN cord-281819-2roflnan 391 4 connection connection NN cord-281819-2roflnan 391 5 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 391 6 livestock livestock NN cord-281819-2roflnan 391 7 farms farm NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 391 8 becomes become VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 391 9 necessary necessary JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 391 10 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 392 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 392 2 limited limited JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 392 3 internet internet NN cord-281819-2roflnan 392 4 connectivity connectivity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 392 5 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 392 6 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 392 7 data datum NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 392 8 moving move VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 392 9 capacity capacity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 392 10 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 392 11 both both DT cord-281819-2roflnan 392 12 rural rural JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 392 13 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 392 14 urban urban JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 392 15 farms farm NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 392 16 remain remain VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 392 17 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 392 18 bottleneck bottleneck NN cord-281819-2roflnan 392 19 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 392 20 adoption adoption NN cord-281819-2roflnan 392 21 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 392 22 sensor sensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 392 23 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 392 24 based base VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 392 25 platforms platform NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 392 26 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 392 27 investigation investigation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 392 28 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 392 29 adaptation adaptation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 392 30 physiology physiology NN cord-281819-2roflnan 392 31 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 392 32 farm farm NN cord-281819-2roflnan 392 33 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 392 34 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 393 1 Globalization globalization NN cord-281819-2roflnan 393 2 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 393 3 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 393 4 post post JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 393 5 - - JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 393 6 Covid-19 covid-19 JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 393 7 world world NN cord-281819-2roflnan 393 8 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 393 9 rising rise VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 393 10 per per IN cord-281819-2roflnan 393 11 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 393 12 capita capita NN cord-281819-2roflnan 393 13 incomes income NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 393 14 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 393 15 human human JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 393 16 population population NN cord-281819-2roflnan 393 17 growth growth NN cord-281819-2roflnan 393 18 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 393 19 ecological ecological JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 393 20 pressures pressure NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 393 21 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 393 22 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 393 23 global global JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 393 24 warming warming NN cord-281819-2roflnan 393 25 are be VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 393 26 some some DT cord-281819-2roflnan 393 27 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 393 28 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 393 29 many many JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 393 30 important important JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 393 31 parameters parameter NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 393 32 that that WDT cord-281819-2roflnan 393 33 will will MD cord-281819-2roflnan 393 34 influence influence VB cord-281819-2roflnan 393 35 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 393 36 role role NN cord-281819-2roflnan 393 37 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 393 38 technology technology NN cord-281819-2roflnan 393 39 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 393 40 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 393 41 field field NN cord-281819-2roflnan 393 42 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 393 43 adaptation adaptation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 393 44 physiology physiology NN cord-281819-2roflnan 393 45 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 393 46 farm farm NN cord-281819-2roflnan 393 47 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 393 48 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 394 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-281819-2roflnan 394 2 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 394 3 evident evident JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 394 4 that that IN cord-281819-2roflnan 394 5 Covid-19 Covid-19 NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 394 6 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 394 7 building build VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 394 8 individual individual JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 394 9 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 394 10 societal societal JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 394 11 resilience resilience NN cord-281819-2roflnan 394 12 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 394 13 it -PRON- PRP cord-281819-2roflnan 394 14 forces force VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 394 15 entire entire JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 394 16 industries industry NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 394 17 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 394 18 find find VB cord-281819-2roflnan 394 19 new new JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 394 20 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 394 21 innovative innovative JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 394 22 solutions solution NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 394 23 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 394 24 farming farming NN cord-281819-2roflnan 394 25 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 394 26 livestock livestock NN cord-281819-2roflnan 394 27 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 394 28 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 394 29 other other JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 394 30 industrial industrial JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 394 31 sectors sector NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 394 32 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 395 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 395 2 emphasis emphasis NN cord-281819-2roflnan 395 3 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 395 4 reducing reduce VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 395 5 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 395 6 experiments experiment NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 395 7 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 395 8 research research NN cord-281819-2roflnan 395 9 purposes purpose NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 395 10 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 395 11 limiting limit VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 395 12 physical physical JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 395 13 contact contact NN cord-281819-2roflnan 395 14 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 395 15 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 395 16 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 395 17 expected expect VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 395 18 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 395 19 fuel fuel VB cord-281819-2roflnan 395 20 future future JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 395 21 research research NN cord-281819-2roflnan 395 22 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 395 23 development development NN cord-281819-2roflnan 395 24 as as RB cord-281819-2roflnan 395 25 well well RB cord-281819-2roflnan 395 26 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 395 27 create create VB cord-281819-2roflnan 395 28 new new JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 395 29 commercial commercial JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 395 30 applications application NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 395 31 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 395 32 sensor sensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 395 33 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 395 34 based base VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 395 35 technologies technology NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 395 36 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 395 37 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 395 38 agricultural agricultural JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 395 39 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 395 40 livestock livestock NN cord-281819-2roflnan 395 41 sectors sector NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 395 42 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 396 1 Sensor sensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 396 2 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 396 3 based base VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 396 4 technology technology NN cord-281819-2roflnan 396 5 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 396 6 assess assess VB cord-281819-2roflnan 396 7 many many JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 396 8 biochemical biochemical JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 396 9 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 396 10 metabolic metabolic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 396 11 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 396 12 physical physical JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 396 13 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 396 14 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 396 15 immunological immunological JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 396 16 parameters parameter NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 396 17 related relate VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 396 18 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 396 19 adaptation adaptation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 396 20 physiology physiology NN cord-281819-2roflnan 396 21 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 396 22 farm farm NN cord-281819-2roflnan 396 23 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 396 24 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 397 1 These these DT cord-281819-2roflnan 397 2 include include VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 397 3 measurements measurement NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 397 4 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 397 5 heart heart NN cord-281819-2roflnan 397 6 rate rate NN cord-281819-2roflnan 397 7 variability variability NN cord-281819-2roflnan 397 8 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 397 9 respiration respiration NN cord-281819-2roflnan 397 10 rate rate NN cord-281819-2roflnan 397 11 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 397 12 body body NN cord-281819-2roflnan 397 13 temperature temperature NN cord-281819-2roflnan 397 14 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 397 15 sweating sweating NN cord-281819-2roflnan 397 16 rate rate NN cord-281819-2roflnan 397 17 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 397 18 metabolism metabolism NN cord-281819-2roflnan 397 19 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 397 20 health health NN cord-281819-2roflnan 397 21 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 397 22 diseases disease NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 397 23 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 397 24 vocalization vocalization NN cord-281819-2roflnan 397 25 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 397 26 activity activity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 397 27 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 397 28 movement movement NN cord-281819-2roflnan 397 29 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 397 30 postural postural JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 397 31 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 397 32 feed feed NN cord-281819-2roflnan 397 33 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 397 34 water water NN cord-281819-2roflnan 397 35 intake intake NN cord-281819-2roflnan 397 36 behavior behavior NN cord-281819-2roflnan 397 37 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 397 38 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 397 39 emotional emotional JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 397 40 contagion contagion NN cord-281819-2roflnan 397 41 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 398 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 398 2 presented present VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 398 3 critical critical JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 398 4 review review NN cord-281819-2roflnan 398 5 illustrated illustrate VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 398 6 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 398 7 promising promising JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 398 8 outcomes outcome NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 398 9 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 398 10 sensor sensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 398 11 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 398 12 based base VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 398 13 technology technology NN cord-281819-2roflnan 398 14 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 398 15 farm farm NN cord-281819-2roflnan 398 16 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 398 17 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 398 18 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 398 19 innovative innovative JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 398 20 approach approach NN cord-281819-2roflnan 398 21 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 398 22 maximizing maximize VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 398 23 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 398 24 welfare welfare NN cord-281819-2roflnan 398 25 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 398 26 providing provide VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 398 27 better well JJR cord-281819-2roflnan 398 28 alternatives alternative NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 398 29 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 398 30 gauging gauge VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 398 31 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 398 32 health health NN cord-281819-2roflnan 398 33 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 398 34 response response NN cord-281819-2roflnan 398 35 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 399 1 In in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 399 2 addition addition NN cord-281819-2roflnan 399 3 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 399 4 sensor sensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 399 5 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 399 6 based base VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 399 7 technologies technology NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 399 8 help help NN cord-281819-2roflnan 399 9 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 399 10 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 399 11 recognition recognition NN cord-281819-2roflnan 399 12 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 399 13 robust robust JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 399 14 breeds breed NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 399 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 399 16 i.e. i.e. FW cord-281819-2roflnan 399 17 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 399 18 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 399 19 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 399 20 better well JJR cord-281819-2roflnan 399 21 adaptation adaptation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 399 22 capabilities capability NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 399 23 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 399 24 stress stress NN cord-281819-2roflnan 399 25 response response NN cord-281819-2roflnan 399 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 399 27 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 400 1 Despite despite IN cord-281819-2roflnan 400 2 promising promising JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 400 3 outcomes outcome NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 400 4 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 400 5 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 400 6 use use NN cord-281819-2roflnan 400 7 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 400 8 novel novel NN cord-281819-2roflnan 400 9 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 400 10 highly highly RB cord-281819-2roflnan 400 11 precise precise JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 400 12 sensor sensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 400 13 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 400 14 based base VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 400 15 technologies technology NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 400 16 face face VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 400 17 several several JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 400 18 challenges challenge NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 400 19 that that WDT cord-281819-2roflnan 400 20 must must MD cord-281819-2roflnan 400 21 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 400 22 addressed address VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 400 23 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 400 24 future future JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 400 25 research research NN cord-281819-2roflnan 400 26 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 401 1 These these DT cord-281819-2roflnan 401 2 key key JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 401 3 challenges challenge NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 401 4 include include VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 401 5 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 401 6 validation validation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 401 7 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 401 8 large large JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 401 9 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 401 10 scale scale NN cord-281819-2roflnan 401 11 machine machine NN cord-281819-2roflnan 401 12 learning learning NN cord-281819-2roflnan 401 13 techniques technique NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 401 14 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 401 15 issues issue NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 401 16 related relate VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 401 17 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 401 18 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 401 19 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 401 20 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 401 21 conventional conventional JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 401 22 sensor sensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 401 23 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 401 24 based base VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 401 25 methodologies methodology NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 401 26 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 402 1 Another another DT cord-281819-2roflnan 402 2 important important JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 402 3 challenge challenge NN cord-281819-2roflnan 402 4 will will MD cord-281819-2roflnan 402 5 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 402 6 imparting impart VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 402 7 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 402 8 necessary necessary JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 402 9 skillset skillset NN cord-281819-2roflnan 402 10 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 402 11 farmers farmer NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 402 12 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 402 13 rural rural JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 402 14 areas area NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 402 15 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 402 16 so so CC cord-281819-2roflnan 402 17 they -PRON- PRP cord-281819-2roflnan 402 18 are be VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 402 19 equipped equipped JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 402 20 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 402 21 willing willing JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 402 22 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 402 23 maximize maximize VB cord-281819-2roflnan 402 24 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-281819-2roflnan 402 25 use use NN cord-281819-2roflnan 402 26 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 402 27 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 402 28 available available JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 402 29 technology technology NN cord-281819-2roflnan 402 30 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 403 1 Educating educate VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 403 2 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 403 3 end end NN cord-281819-2roflnan 403 4 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 403 5 users user NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 403 6 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 403 7 sensor sensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 403 8 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 403 9 based base VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 403 10 technology technology NN cord-281819-2roflnan 403 11 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 403 12 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 403 13 use use NN cord-281819-2roflnan 403 14 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 403 15 information information NN cord-281819-2roflnan 403 16 technology technology NN cord-281819-2roflnan 403 17 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 403 18 based base VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 403 19 sensor sensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 403 20 devices device NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 403 21 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 403 22 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 403 23 only only JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 403 24 way way NN cord-281819-2roflnan 403 25 these these DT cord-281819-2roflnan 403 26 innovative innovative JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 403 27 new new JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 403 28 developments development NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 403 29 can can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 403 30 reach reach VB cord-281819-2roflnan 403 31 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-281819-2roflnan 403 32 full full JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 403 33 potential potential NN cord-281819-2roflnan 403 34 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 404 1 Adaptation adaptation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 404 2 strategies strategy NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 404 3 : : : cord-281819-2roflnan 404 4 Ruminants Ruminants NNPS cord-281819-2roflnan 404 5 Adaptation Adaptation NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 404 6 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 404 7 livestock livestock NN cord-281819-2roflnan 404 8 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 404 9 environmental environmental JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 404 10 challenges challenge NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 405 1 Physiological physiological JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 405 2 responses response NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 405 3 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 405 4 cattle cattle NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 405 5 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 405 6 heat heat VB cord-281819-2roflnan 405 7 stress stress NN cord-281819-2roflnan 405 8 Biochemical biochemical JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 405 9 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 405 10 physiological physiological JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 405 11 changes change NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 405 12 during during IN cord-281819-2roflnan 405 13 thermal thermal JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 405 14 stress stress NN cord-281819-2roflnan 405 15 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 405 16 bovines bovine NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 405 17 : : : cord-281819-2roflnan 405 18 A a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 405 19 review review NN cord-281819-2roflnan 405 20 Computer computer NN cord-281819-2roflnan 405 21 vision vision NN cord-281819-2roflnan 405 22 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 405 23 remote remote JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 405 24 sensing sensing NN cord-281819-2roflnan 405 25 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 405 26 assess assess VB cord-281819-2roflnan 405 27 physiological physiological JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 405 28 responses response NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 405 29 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 405 30 cattle cattle NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 405 31 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 405 32 pre pre VB cord-281819-2roflnan 405 33 - - VB cord-281819-2roflnan 405 34 slaughter slaughter JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 405 35 stress stress NN cord-281819-2roflnan 405 36 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 405 37 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 405 38 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-281819-2roflnan 405 39 impact impact NN cord-281819-2roflnan 405 40 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 405 41 beef beef NN cord-281819-2roflnan 405 42 quality quality NN cord-281819-2roflnan 405 43 : : : cord-281819-2roflnan 405 44 A a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 405 45 review review NN cord-281819-2roflnan 405 46 Models model NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 405 47 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 405 48 methods method NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 405 49 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 405 50 investigate investigate VB cord-281819-2roflnan 405 51 acute acute JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 405 52 stress stress NN cord-281819-2roflnan 405 53 responses response NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 405 54 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 405 55 cattle cattle NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 405 56 Smart smart JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 405 57 computing computing NN cord-281819-2roflnan 405 58 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 405 59 sensing sensing NN cord-281819-2roflnan 405 60 technologies technology NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 405 61 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 405 62 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 405 63 welfare welfare NN cord-281819-2roflnan 405 64 : : : cord-281819-2roflnan 405 65 A a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 405 66 systematic systematic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 405 67 review review NN cord-281819-2roflnan 406 1 Possible possible JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 406 2 Links link NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 406 3 between between IN cord-281819-2roflnan 406 4 Crohn Crohn NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 406 5 's 's POS cord-281819-2roflnan 406 6 Disease Disease NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 406 7 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 406 8 Paratuberculosis Paratuberculosis NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 406 9 Epidemiological Epidemiological NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 406 10 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 406 11 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 406 12 economic economic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 406 13 impact impact NN cord-281819-2roflnan 406 14 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 406 15 lumpy lumpy JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 406 16 skin skin NN cord-281819-2roflnan 406 17 disease disease NN cord-281819-2roflnan 406 18 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 406 19 sheeppox sheeppox NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 406 20 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 406 21 goatpox goatpox NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 406 22 among among IN cord-281819-2roflnan 406 23 subsistence subsistence NN cord-281819-2roflnan 406 24 farmers farmer NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 406 25 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 406 26 northeast northeast JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 406 27 Nigeria Nigeria NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 406 28 Farm Farm NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 406 29 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 406 30 cognition cognition NN cord-281819-2roflnan 406 31 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 406 32 Linking link VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 406 33 behavior behavior NN cord-281819-2roflnan 406 34 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 406 35 welfare welfare NN cord-281819-2roflnan 406 36 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 406 37 ethics ethic NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 407 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 407 2 role role NN cord-281819-2roflnan 407 3 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 407 4 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 407 5 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 407 6 big big JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 407 7 data datum NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 407 8 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 407 9 machine machine NN cord-281819-2roflnan 407 10 learning learn VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 407 11 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 407 12 modern modern JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 407 13 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 407 14 farming farming NN cord-281819-2roflnan 407 15 Infrared infrared JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 407 16 thermography thermography NN cord-281819-2roflnan 407 17 : : : cord-281819-2roflnan 407 18 A a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 407 19 non non JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 407 20 - - JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 407 21 invasive invasive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 407 22 window window NN cord-281819-2roflnan 407 23 into into IN cord-281819-2roflnan 407 24 thermal thermal JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 407 25 physiology physiology NN cord-281819-2roflnan 408 1 Recent recent JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 408 2 advances advance NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 408 3 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 408 4 wearable wearable JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 408 5 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 408 6 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 408 7 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 408 8 health health NN cord-281819-2roflnan 408 9 management management NN cord-281819-2roflnan 408 10 On on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 408 11 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 408 12 barn barn NN cord-281819-2roflnan 408 13 pig pig NN cord-281819-2roflnan 408 14 weight weight NN cord-281819-2roflnan 408 15 estimation estimation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 408 16 based base VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 408 17 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 408 18 body body NN cord-281819-2roflnan 408 19 measurements measurement NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 408 20 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 408 21 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 408 22 Kinect Kinect NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 408 23 v1 v1 NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 408 24 depth depth NN cord-281819-2roflnan 408 25 camera camera NN cord-281819-2roflnan 408 26 Animal Animal NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 408 27 welfare welfare NN cord-281819-2roflnan 408 28 monitoring monitoring NN cord-281819-2roflnan 408 29 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 408 30 real real JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 408 31 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 408 32 time time NN cord-281819-2roflnan 408 33 physiological physiological JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 408 34 signals signal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 409 1 A a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 409 2 sensor sensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 409 3 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 409 4 based base VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 409 5 solution solution NN cord-281819-2roflnan 409 6 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 409 7 monitor monitor VB cord-281819-2roflnan 409 8 grazing graze VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 409 9 cattle cattle NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 409 10 drinking drink VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 409 11 behaviour behaviour NN cord-281819-2roflnan 409 12 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 409 13 water water NN cord-281819-2roflnan 409 14 intake intake NN cord-281819-2roflnan 409 15 Impacts impact NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 409 16 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 409 17 stocking stock VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 409 18 density density NN cord-281819-2roflnan 409 19 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 409 20 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 409 21 performance performance NN cord-281819-2roflnan 409 22 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 409 23 welfare welfare NN cord-281819-2roflnan 409 24 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 409 25 broiler broiler NN cord-281819-2roflnan 409 26 chickens chicken NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 409 27 Comparison Comparison NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 409 28 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 409 29 digital digital JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 409 30 rectal rectal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 409 31 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 409 32 microchip microchip NN cord-281819-2roflnan 409 33 transponder transponder NN cord-281819-2roflnan 409 34 thermometry thermometry NN cord-281819-2roflnan 409 35 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 409 36 cats cat NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 409 37 Assessment Assessment NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 409 38 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 409 39 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 409 40 use use NN cord-281819-2roflnan 409 41 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 409 42 temperature temperature NN cord-281819-2roflnan 409 43 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 409 44 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 409 45 microchips microchip NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 409 46 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 409 47 determine determine VB cord-281819-2roflnan 409 48 core core NN cord-281819-2roflnan 409 49 body body NN cord-281819-2roflnan 409 50 temperature temperature NN cord-281819-2roflnan 409 51 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 409 52 goats goat NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 410 1 Automatic automatic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 410 2 broiler broiler NN cord-281819-2roflnan 410 3 temperature temperature NN cord-281819-2roflnan 410 4 measuring measure VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 410 5 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 410 6 thermal thermal JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 410 7 camera camera NN cord-281819-2roflnan 410 8 Effects effect NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 410 9 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 410 10 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 410 11 epinephrine epinephrine NN cord-281819-2roflnan 410 12 infusion infusion NN cord-281819-2roflnan 410 13 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 410 14 eye eye NN cord-281819-2roflnan 410 15 temperature temperature NN cord-281819-2roflnan 410 16 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 411 1 heart heart NN cord-281819-2roflnan 411 2 rate rate NN cord-281819-2roflnan 411 3 variability variability NN cord-281819-2roflnan 411 4 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 411 5 bull bull NN cord-281819-2roflnan 411 6 calves calf NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 411 7 Infrared infrared JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 411 8 thermography thermography NN cord-281819-2roflnan 411 9 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 411 10 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 411 11 production production NN cord-281819-2roflnan 411 12 : : : cord-281819-2roflnan 411 13 An an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 411 14 overview overview NN cord-281819-2roflnan 411 15 Smart smart JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 411 16 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 411 17 agriculture agriculture NN cord-281819-2roflnan 411 18 : : : cord-281819-2roflnan 411 19 Application application NN cord-281819-2roflnan 411 20 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 411 21 real real JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 411 22 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 411 23 time time NN cord-281819-2roflnan 411 24 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 411 25 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 411 26 improve improve VB cord-281819-2roflnan 411 27 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 411 28 well well RB cord-281819-2roflnan 411 29 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 411 30 being being NN cord-281819-2roflnan 411 31 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 411 32 production production NN cord-281819-2roflnan 411 33 Avian avian JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 411 34 maternal maternal JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 411 35 response response NN cord-281819-2roflnan 411 36 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 411 37 chick chick NN cord-281819-2roflnan 411 38 distress distress NN cord-281819-2roflnan 411 39 Methodology Methodology NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 411 40 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 411 41 data datum NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 411 42 processing processing NN cord-281819-2roflnan 411 43 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 411 44 analysis analysis NN cord-281819-2roflnan 411 45 techniques technique NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 411 46 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 411 47 infrared infrared JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 411 48 video video NN cord-281819-2roflnan 411 49 thermography thermography NN cord-281819-2roflnan 411 50 used use VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 411 51 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 411 52 measure measure VB cord-281819-2roflnan 411 53 cattle cattle NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 411 54 temperature temperature NN cord-281819-2roflnan 411 55 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 411 56 real real JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 411 57 time time NN cord-281819-2roflnan 412 1 Adaptive adaptive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 412 2 thermal thermal JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 412 3 traits trait NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 412 4 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 412 5 farm farm NN cord-281819-2roflnan 412 6 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 412 7 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 413 1 ABB ABB NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 413 2 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 413 3 Online Online NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 413 4 Submiss Submiss NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 413 5 Technical Technical NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 413 6 note note NN cord-281819-2roflnan 414 1 : : : cord-281819-2roflnan 414 2 Development development NN cord-281819-2roflnan 414 3 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 414 4 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 414 5 noninvasive noninvasive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 414 6 respiration respiration NN cord-281819-2roflnan 414 7 rate rate NN cord-281819-2roflnan 414 8 sensor sensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 414 9 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 414 10 cattle cattle NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 414 11 Effects effect NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 414 12 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 414 13 heat heat NN cord-281819-2roflnan 414 14 stress stress NN cord-281819-2roflnan 414 15 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 414 16 dairy dairy NN cord-281819-2roflnan 414 17 cattle cattle NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 414 18 welfare welfare NN cord-281819-2roflnan 414 19 Seasonal seasonal JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 414 20 heat heat NN cord-281819-2roflnan 414 21 stress stress NN cord-281819-2roflnan 414 22 : : : cord-281819-2roflnan 415 1 Clinical clinical JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 415 2 implications implication NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 415 3 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 415 4 hormone hormone NN cord-281819-2roflnan 415 5 treatments treatment NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 415 6 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 415 7 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 415 8 fertility fertility NN cord-281819-2roflnan 415 9 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 415 10 dairy dairy NN cord-281819-2roflnan 415 11 cows cow NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 415 12 Technical technical JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 415 13 note note NN cord-281819-2roflnan 415 14 : : : cord-281819-2roflnan 415 15 Device device NN cord-281819-2roflnan 415 16 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 415 17 measuring measure VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 415 18 respiration respiration NN cord-281819-2roflnan 415 19 rate rate NN cord-281819-2roflnan 415 20 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 415 21 cattle cattle NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 415 22 under under IN cord-281819-2roflnan 415 23 field field NN cord-281819-2roflnan 415 24 conditions condition NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 415 25 Development Development NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 415 26 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 415 27 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 415 28 new new JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 415 29 respiration respiration NN cord-281819-2roflnan 415 30 rate rate NN cord-281819-2roflnan 415 31 monitor monitor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 415 32 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 415 33 cattle cattle NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 415 34 A a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 415 35 system system NN cord-281819-2roflnan 415 36 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 415 37 contact contact NN cord-281819-2roflnan 415 38 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 415 39 free free JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 415 40 measurement measurement NN cord-281819-2roflnan 415 41 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 415 42 respiration respiration NN cord-281819-2roflnan 415 43 rate rate NN cord-281819-2roflnan 415 44 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 415 45 dairy dairy NN cord-281819-2roflnan 415 46 cows cow NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 416 1 A a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 416 2 label label NN cord-281819-2roflnan 416 3 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 416 4 free free JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 416 5 electrochemical electrochemical JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 416 6 immunosensor immunosensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 416 7 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 416 8 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 416 9 detection detection NN cord-281819-2roflnan 416 10 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 416 11 cardiac cardiac JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 416 12 marker marker NN cord-281819-2roflnan 416 13 using use VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 416 14 graphene graphene NN cord-281819-2roflnan 416 15 quantum quantum NN cord-281819-2roflnan 416 16 dots dot NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 416 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 416 18 GQDs GQDs NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 416 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 417 1 Resettable resettable JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 417 2 skin skin NN cord-281819-2roflnan 417 3 interfaced interface VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 417 4 microfluidic microfluidic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 417 5 sweat sweat NN cord-281819-2roflnan 417 6 collection collection NN cord-281819-2roflnan 417 7 devices device NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 417 8 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 417 9 chemesthetic chemesthetic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 417 10 hydration hydration NN cord-281819-2roflnan 417 11 feedback feedback NN cord-281819-2roflnan 417 12 Heart heart NN cord-281819-2roflnan 417 13 rate rate NN cord-281819-2roflnan 417 14 monitoring monitoring NN cord-281819-2roflnan 417 15 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 417 16 pigs pig NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 417 17 using use VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 417 18 photo photo NN cord-281819-2roflnan 417 19 pethysmography pethysmography NN cord-281819-2roflnan 417 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 417 21 PPG PPG NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 417 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 417 23 technology technology NN cord-281819-2roflnan 417 24 Welfare welfare NN cord-281819-2roflnan 417 25 implication implication NN cord-281819-2roflnan 417 26 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 417 27 measuring measure VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 417 28 heart heart NN cord-281819-2roflnan 417 29 rate rate NN cord-281819-2roflnan 417 30 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 417 31 heart heart NN cord-281819-2roflnan 417 32 rate rate NN cord-281819-2roflnan 417 33 variability variability NN cord-281819-2roflnan 417 34 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 417 35 dairy dairy NN cord-281819-2roflnan 417 36 cattle cattle NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 417 37 : : : cord-281819-2roflnan 418 1 Literature literature NN cord-281819-2roflnan 418 2 review review NN cord-281819-2roflnan 418 3 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 418 4 conclusions conclusion NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 418 5 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 418 6 future future JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 418 7 research research NN cord-281819-2roflnan 418 8 Is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 418 9 continuous continuous JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 418 10 heart heart NN cord-281819-2roflnan 418 11 rate rate NN cord-281819-2roflnan 418 12 monitoring monitoring NN cord-281819-2roflnan 418 13 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 418 14 livestock livestock NN cord-281819-2roflnan 418 15 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 418 16 dream dream NN cord-281819-2roflnan 418 17 or or CC cord-281819-2roflnan 418 18 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 418 19 it -PRON- PRP cord-281819-2roflnan 418 20 realistic realistic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 418 21 ? ? . cord-281819-2roflnan 419 1 A a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 419 2 review review NN cord-281819-2roflnan 419 3 Photoplethysmography Photoplethysmography NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 419 4 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 419 5 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-281819-2roflnan 419 6 application application NN cord-281819-2roflnan 419 7 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 419 8 clinical clinical JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 419 9 physiological physiological JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 419 10 measurement measurement NN cord-281819-2roflnan 420 1 Non non JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 420 2 - - JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 420 3 contact contact JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 420 4 vital vital JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 420 5 signs sign NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 420 6 monitoring monitor VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 420 7 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 420 8 dog dog NN cord-281819-2roflnan 420 9 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 420 10 cat cat NN cord-281819-2roflnan 420 11 using use VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 420 12 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 420 13 UWB UWB NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 420 14 radar radar NN cord-281819-2roflnan 420 15 Animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 420 16 2020 2020 CD cord-281819-2roflnan 420 17 Machine machine NN cord-281819-2roflnan 420 18 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 420 19 knitted knit VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 420 20 washable washable JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 420 21 sensor sensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 420 22 array array NN cord-281819-2roflnan 420 23 textile textile NN cord-281819-2roflnan 420 24 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 420 25 precise precise JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 420 26 epidermal epidermal JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 420 27 physiological physiological JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 420 28 signal signal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 420 29 monitoring monitor VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 420 30 Wearable wearable JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 420 31 heart heart NN cord-281819-2roflnan 420 32 rate rate NN cord-281819-2roflnan 420 33 sensor sensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 420 34 systems system NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 420 35 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 420 36 wireless wireless JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 420 37 canine canine JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 420 38 health health NN cord-281819-2roflnan 420 39 monitoring monitor VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 420 40 Systematic systematic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 420 41 review review NN cord-281819-2roflnan 420 42 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 420 43 bovine bovine JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 420 44 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 420 45 disease disease NN cord-281819-2roflnan 420 46 diagnosis diagnosis NN cord-281819-2roflnan 420 47 focused focus VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 420 48 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 420 49 diagnostic diagnostic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 420 50 confirmation confirmation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 420 51 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 420 52 early early JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 420 53 detection detection NN cord-281819-2roflnan 420 54 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 420 55 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 420 56 prediction prediction NN cord-281819-2roflnan 420 57 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 420 58 unfavorable unfavorable JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 420 59 outcomes outcome NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 420 60 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 420 61 feedlot feedlot NN cord-281819-2roflnan 420 62 cattle cattle NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 420 63 Classification Classification NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 420 64 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 420 65 ingestive ingestive RB cord-281819-2roflnan 420 66 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 420 67 related relate VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 420 68 cow cow NN cord-281819-2roflnan 420 69 behaviours behaviour NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 420 70 using use VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 420 71 RumiWatch RumiWatch NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 420 72 halter halter NN cord-281819-2roflnan 420 73 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 420 74 neck neck NN cord-281819-2roflnan 420 75 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 420 76 mounted mount VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 420 77 accelerometers accelerometer NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 420 78 Evaluation Evaluation NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 420 79 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 420 80 data datum NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 420 81 loggers logger NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 420 82 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 420 83 sampling sampling NN cord-281819-2roflnan 420 84 intervals interval NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 420 85 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 420 86 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 420 87 editing editing NN cord-281819-2roflnan 420 88 techniques technique NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 420 89 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 420 90 measuring measure VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 420 91 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 420 92 lying lie VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 420 93 behavior behavior NN cord-281819-2roflnan 420 94 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 420 95 dairy dairy NN cord-281819-2roflnan 420 96 cattle cattle NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 420 97 Behavioral behavioral JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 420 98 changes change NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 420 99 before before IN cord-281819-2roflnan 420 100 metritis metritis JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 420 101 diagnosis diagnosis NN cord-281819-2roflnan 420 102 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 420 103 dairy dairy NN cord-281819-2roflnan 420 104 cows cow NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 421 1 Triaxial triaxial JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 421 2 accelerometers accelerometer NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 421 3 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 421 4 recording record VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 421 5 grazing grazing NN cord-281819-2roflnan 421 6 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 421 7 ruminating ruminate VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 421 8 time time NN cord-281819-2roflnan 421 9 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 421 10 dairy dairy NN cord-281819-2roflnan 421 11 cows cow NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 421 12 : : : cord-281819-2roflnan 422 1 An an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 422 2 alternative alternative NN cord-281819-2roflnan 422 3 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 422 4 visual visual JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 422 5 observations observation NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 422 6 Classification Classification NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 422 7 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 422 8 behaviour behaviour NN cord-281819-2roflnan 422 9 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 422 10 housed house VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 422 11 dairy dairy NN cord-281819-2roflnan 422 12 cows cow NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 422 13 using use VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 422 14 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 422 15 accelerometer accelerometer NN cord-281819-2roflnan 422 16 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 422 17 based base VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 422 18 activity activity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 422 19 monitoring monitoring NN cord-281819-2roflnan 422 20 system system NN cord-281819-2roflnan 422 21 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 422 22 non non JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 422 23 - - JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 422 24 invasive invasive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 422 25 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 422 26 automated automated JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 422 27 detection detection NN cord-281819-2roflnan 422 28 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 422 29 bovine bovine JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 422 30 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 422 31 disease disease NN cord-281819-2roflnan 422 32 onset onset NN cord-281819-2roflnan 422 33 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 422 34 receiver receiver NN cord-281819-2roflnan 422 35 calves calf NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 422 36 using use VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 422 37 infrared infrared JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 422 38 thermography thermography NN cord-281819-2roflnan 422 39 Behavioral behavioral JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 422 40 classification classification NN cord-281819-2roflnan 422 41 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 422 42 data datum NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 422 43 from from IN cord-281819-2roflnan 422 44 collars collar NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 422 45 containing contain VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 422 46 motion motion NN cord-281819-2roflnan 422 47 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 422 48 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 422 49 grazing graze VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 422 50 cattle cattle NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 422 51 Use Use NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 422 52 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 422 53 novel novel JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 422 54 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 422 55 combining combine VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 422 56 local local JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 422 57 positioning positioning NN cord-281819-2roflnan 422 58 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 422 59 acceleration acceleration NN cord-281819-2roflnan 422 60 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 422 61 measure measure VB cord-281819-2roflnan 422 62 feeding feed VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 422 63 behavior behavior NN cord-281819-2roflnan 422 64 differences difference NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 422 65 associated associate VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 422 66 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 422 67 lameness lameness NN cord-281819-2roflnan 422 68 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 422 69 dairy dairy NN cord-281819-2roflnan 422 70 cattle cattle NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 423 1 Inferring infer VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 423 2 behaviour behaviour NN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 3 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 4 grazing graze VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 423 5 livestock livestock NN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 6 : : : cord-281819-2roflnan 423 7 Opportunities opportunity NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 423 8 from from IN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 9 GPS GPS NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 423 10 telemetry telemetry NN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 11 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 423 12 activity activity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 13 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 423 14 applied apply VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 15 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 16 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 17 husbandry husbandry NN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 18 Application application NN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 19 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 20 overall overall JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 423 21 dynamic dynamic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 423 22 body body NN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 23 acceleration acceleration NN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 24 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 25 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 423 26 proxy proxy NN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 27 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 28 estimating estimate VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 423 29 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 423 30 energy energy NN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 31 expenditure expenditure NN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 32 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 33 grazing graze VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 423 34 farm farm NN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 35 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 423 36 : : : cord-281819-2roflnan 423 37 Relationship relationship NN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 38 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 39 heart heart NN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 40 rate rate NN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 41 System system NN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 42 specification specification NN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 43 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 423 44 validation validation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 45 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 46 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 423 47 noseband noseband NN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 48 pressure pressure NN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 49 sensor sensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 50 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 51 measurement measurement NN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 52 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 53 ruminating ruminate VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 423 54 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 423 55 eating eat VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 423 56 behavior behavior NN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 57 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 58 stable stable JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 423 59 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 423 60 fed fed JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 423 61 cows cow NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 423 62 Pressure Pressure NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 423 63 mat mat NN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 64 analysis analysis NN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 65 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 66 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 423 67 longitudinal longitudinal JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 423 68 development development NN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 69 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 70 pig pig NN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 71 locomotion locomotion NN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 72 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 73 growing grow VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 423 74 pigs pig NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 423 75 after after IN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 76 weaning wean VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 423 77 Review review NN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 78 : : : cord-281819-2roflnan 423 79 Quantifying quantify VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 423 80 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 81 feeding feeding NN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 82 behaviour behaviour NN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 83 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 84 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 423 85 focus focus NN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 86 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 87 pigs pig NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 423 88 Relationship relationship NN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 89 between between IN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 90 Sow Sow NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 423 91 Conformation Conformation NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 423 92 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 423 93 Farrowing Farrowing NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 423 94 Floor Floor NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 423 95 Type Type NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 423 96 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 423 97 Posture Posture NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 423 98 Change change NN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 99 Characteristics characteristic NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 423 100 Using use VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 423 101 Accelerometer Accelerometer NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 423 102 Data Data NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 423 103 Development Development NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 423 104 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 105 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 423 106 temperature temperature NN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 107 measurement measurement NN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 108 system system NN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 109 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 110 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 423 111 broiler broiler NN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 112 flock flock NN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 113 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 114 thermal thermal JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 423 115 imaging imaging NN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 116 Accuracy accuracy NN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 117 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 118 pressure pressure NN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 119 plate plate NN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 120 kinetic kinetic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 423 121 asymmetry asymmetry NN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 122 indices index NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 423 123 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 423 124 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-281819-2roflnan 423 125 correlation correlation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 126 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 127 visual visual JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 423 128 gait gait NN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 129 assessment assessment NN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 130 scores score NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 423 131 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 423 132 lame lame JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 423 133 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 423 134 nonlame nonlame JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 423 135 dogs dog NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 424 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 424 2 equine equine JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 424 3 facial facial JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 424 4 action action NN cord-281819-2roflnan 424 5 coding code VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 424 6 system system NN cord-281819-2roflnan 425 1 A a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 425 2 potentiometric potentiometric JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 425 3 biosensor biosensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 425 4 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 425 5 rapid rapid JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 425 6 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 425 7 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 425 8 site site NN cord-281819-2roflnan 425 9 disease disease NN cord-281819-2roflnan 425 10 diagnostics diagnostic NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 425 11 Development Development NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 425 12 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 425 13 quantum quantum NN cord-281819-2roflnan 425 14 dots dot NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 425 15 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 425 16 based base VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 425 17 biosensor biosensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 425 18 towards towards IN cord-281819-2roflnan 425 19 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 425 20 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 425 21 farm farm NN cord-281819-2roflnan 425 22 detection detection NN cord-281819-2roflnan 425 23 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 425 24 subclinical subclinical JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 425 25 ketosis ketosis NN cord-281819-2roflnan 425 26 Parasitic parasitic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 425 27 mites mite NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 425 28 alter alter VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 425 29 chicken chicken NN cord-281819-2roflnan 425 30 behaviour behaviour NN cord-281819-2roflnan 425 31 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 425 32 negatively negatively RB cord-281819-2roflnan 425 33 impact impact NN cord-281819-2roflnan 425 34 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 425 35 welfare welfare NN cord-281819-2roflnan 426 1 Automated automate VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 426 2 bioacoustics bioacoustic NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 426 3 : : : cord-281819-2roflnan 427 1 Methods method NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 427 2 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 427 3 ecology ecology NN cord-281819-2roflnan 427 4 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 427 5 conservation conservation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 427 6 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 427 7 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-281819-2roflnan 427 8 potential potential NN cord-281819-2roflnan 427 9 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 427 10 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 427 11 welfare welfare NN cord-281819-2roflnan 427 12 monitoring monitor VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 427 13 Drinking Drinking NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 427 14 behavior behavior NN cord-281819-2roflnan 427 15 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 427 16 nursery nursery NN cord-281819-2roflnan 427 17 pigs pig NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 427 18 : : : cord-281819-2roflnan 427 19 Determining determine VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 427 20 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 427 21 accuracy accuracy NN cord-281819-2roflnan 427 22 between between IN cord-281819-2roflnan 427 23 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 427 24 automatic automatic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 427 25 water water NN cord-281819-2roflnan 427 26 meter meter NN cord-281819-2roflnan 427 27 versus versus IN cord-281819-2roflnan 427 28 human human JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 427 29 observers12 observers12 NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 427 30 Growing grow VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 427 31 pigs pig NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 427 32 ' ' POS cord-281819-2roflnan 427 33 drinking drinking NN cord-281819-2roflnan 427 34 behaviour behaviour NN cord-281819-2roflnan 427 35 : : : cord-281819-2roflnan 428 1 Number number NN cord-281819-2roflnan 428 2 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 428 3 visits visit NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 428 4 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 428 5 duration duration NN cord-281819-2roflnan 428 6 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 428 7 water water NN cord-281819-2roflnan 428 8 intake intake NN cord-281819-2roflnan 428 9 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 428 10 diurnal diurnal JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 428 11 variation variation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 428 12 Comparing compare VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 428 13 Three Three NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 428 14 Different Different NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 428 15 Passive Passive NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 428 16 RFID RFID NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 428 17 Systems Systems NNPS cord-281819-2roflnan 428 18 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 428 19 Behaviour Behaviour NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 428 20 Monitoring Monitoring NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 428 21 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 428 22 Grow grow VB cord-281819-2roflnan 428 23 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 428 24 Finish finish NN cord-281819-2roflnan 428 25 Pigs pig NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 429 1 Continuous continuous JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 429 2 monitoring monitoring NN cord-281819-2roflnan 429 3 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 429 4 pigs pig NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 429 5 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 429 6 fattening fatten VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 429 7 using use VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 429 8 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 429 9 multi multi JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 429 10 - - JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 429 11 sensor sensor JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 429 12 system system NN cord-281819-2roflnan 429 13 : : : cord-281819-2roflnan 429 14 Behavior behavior NN cord-281819-2roflnan 429 15 patterns pattern NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 429 16 Early early JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 429 17 detection detection NN cord-281819-2roflnan 429 18 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 429 19 health health NN cord-281819-2roflnan 429 20 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 429 21 welfare welfare NN cord-281819-2roflnan 429 22 compromises compromise NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 429 23 through through IN cord-281819-2roflnan 429 24 automated automate VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 429 25 detection detection NN cord-281819-2roflnan 429 26 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 429 27 behavioural behavioural JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 429 28 changes change NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 429 29 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 429 30 pigs pig NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 430 1 An an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 430 2 intelligent intelligent JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 430 3 system system NN cord-281819-2roflnan 430 4 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 430 5 livestock livestock NN cord-281819-2roflnan 430 6 disease disease NN cord-281819-2roflnan 430 7 surveillance surveillance NN cord-281819-2roflnan 431 1 Remote remote JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 431 2 noninvasive noninvasive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 431 3 assessment assessment NN cord-281819-2roflnan 431 4 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 431 5 pain pain NN cord-281819-2roflnan 431 6 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 431 7 health health NN cord-281819-2roflnan 431 8 status status NN cord-281819-2roflnan 431 9 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 431 10 cattle cattle NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 431 11 Evaluation evaluation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 431 12 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 431 13 application application NN cord-281819-2roflnan 431 14 potential potential NN cord-281819-2roflnan 431 15 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 431 16 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 431 17 accelerometer accelerometer NN cord-281819-2roflnan 431 18 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 431 19 based base VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 431 20 collar collar NN cord-281819-2roflnan 431 21 device device NN cord-281819-2roflnan 431 22 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 431 23 measuring measure VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 431 24 grazing graze VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 431 25 behavior behavior NN cord-281819-2roflnan 431 26 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 431 27 dairy dairy NN cord-281819-2roflnan 431 28 cows cow NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 431 29 Freedom Freedom NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 431 30 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 431 31 lie lie VB cord-281819-2roflnan 431 32 : : : cord-281819-2roflnan 432 1 How how WRB cord-281819-2roflnan 432 2 farrowing farrow VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 432 3 environment environment NN cord-281819-2roflnan 432 4 affects affect VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 432 5 sow sow VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 432 6 lying lie VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 432 7 behaviour behaviour NN cord-281819-2roflnan 432 8 assessment assessment NN cord-281819-2roflnan 432 9 using use VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 432 10 inertial inertial JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 432 11 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 432 12 Past past JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 432 13 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 432 14 Future future NN cord-281819-2roflnan 432 15 : : : cord-281819-2roflnan 433 1 Standing stand VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 433 2 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 433 3 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 433 4 Shoulders Shoulders NNPS cord-281819-2roflnan 433 5 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 433 6 Giants Giants NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 433 7 Sick Sick NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 433 8 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 433 9 grumpy grumpy JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 434 1 : : : cord-281819-2roflnan 434 2 Changes change NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 434 3 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 4 social social JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 434 5 behaviour behaviour NN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 6 after after IN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 7 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 434 8 controlled control VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 9 immune immune JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 434 10 stimulation stimulation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 11 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 12 group group NN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 13 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 434 14 housed house VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 15 gilts gilt NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 434 16 Image image NN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 17 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 434 18 processing processing NN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 19 technique technique NN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 20 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 434 21 measure measure VB cord-281819-2roflnan 434 22 pig pig NN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 23 activity activity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 24 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 25 response response NN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 26 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 27 climatic climatic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 434 28 variation variation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 29 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 30 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 434 31 pig pig NN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 32 barn barn NN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 33 Evaluation Evaluation NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 434 34 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 35 two two CD cord-281819-2roflnan 434 36 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 434 37 dimensional dimensional JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 434 38 accelerometers accelerometer NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 434 39 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 434 40 monitor monitor VB cord-281819-2roflnan 434 41 behavior behavior NN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 42 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 43 beef beef NN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 44 calves calf NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 434 45 after after IN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 46 castration castration NN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 47 Evaluation Evaluation NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 434 48 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 49 analgesic analgesic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 434 50 protocol protocol NN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 51 effect effect NN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 52 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 53 calf calf NN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 54 behavior behavior NN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 55 after after IN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 56 concurrent concurrent JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 434 57 castration castration NN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 58 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 434 59 dehorning dehorn VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 434 60 Preparing prepare VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 434 61 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 434 62 Digital Digital NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 434 63 Future Future NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 434 64 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 65 Livestock Livestock NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 434 66 Farming Farming NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 434 67 Validation Validation NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 434 68 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 69 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 434 70 ear ear NN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 71 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 434 72 tag tag NN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 73 accelerometer accelerometer NN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 74 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 434 75 identify identify VB cord-281819-2roflnan 434 76 feeding feeding NN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 77 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 434 78 activity activity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 79 behaviors behavior NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 434 80 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 81 tiestall tiestall NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 434 82 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 434 83 housed house VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 84 dairy dairy NN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 85 cattle cattle NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 434 86 Development Development NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 434 87 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 88 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 434 89 methodological methodological JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 434 90 framework framework NN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 91 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 92 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 434 93 robust robust JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 434 94 prediction prediction NN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 95 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 96 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 434 97 main main JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 434 98 behaviours behaviour NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 434 99 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 100 dairy dairy NN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 101 cows cow NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 434 102 using use VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 434 103 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 434 104 combination combination NN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 105 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 106 machine machine NN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 107 learning learn VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 434 108 algorithms algorithm NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 434 109 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 110 accelerometer accelerometer NN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 111 data datum NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 434 112 Effect Effect NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 434 113 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 114 flunixin flunixin NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 434 115 meglumine meglumine NN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 116 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 117 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 434 118 amelioration amelioration NN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 119 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 120 lameness lameness NN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 121 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 122 dairy dairy NN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 123 steers steer NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 434 124 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 125 amphotericin amphotericin NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 434 126 B b NN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 127 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 434 128 induced induce VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 434 129 transient transient JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 434 130 synovitis synovitis JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 434 131 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 434 132 arthritis arthritis NN cord-281819-2roflnan 435 1 A a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 435 2 novel novel JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 435 3 biomechanical biomechanical JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 435 4 approach approach NN cord-281819-2roflnan 435 5 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 435 6 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 435 7 behaviour behaviour NN cord-281819-2roflnan 435 8 recognition recognition NN cord-281819-2roflnan 435 9 using use VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 435 10 accelerometers accelerometer NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 435 11 Facial facial JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 435 12 expression expression NN cord-281819-2roflnan 435 13 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 435 14 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 435 15 potential potential JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 435 16 measure measure NN cord-281819-2roflnan 435 17 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 435 18 both both DT cord-281819-2roflnan 435 19 intent intent NN cord-281819-2roflnan 435 20 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 435 21 emotion emotion NN cord-281819-2roflnan 435 22 Mounting mount VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 435 23 behaviour behaviour NN cord-281819-2roflnan 435 24 recognition recognition NN cord-281819-2roflnan 435 25 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 435 26 pigs pig NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 435 27 based base VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 435 28 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 435 29 deep deep JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 435 30 learning learn VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 435 31 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 435 32 vertical vertical JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 435 33 ground ground NN cord-281819-2roflnan 435 34 reaction reaction NN cord-281819-2roflnan 435 35 force force NN cord-281819-2roflnan 435 36 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 435 37 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 435 38 pressure pressure NN cord-281819-2roflnan 435 39 distribution distribution NN cord-281819-2roflnan 435 40 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 435 41 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 435 42 claws claws NN cord-281819-2roflnan 435 43 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 435 44 dairy dairy NN cord-281819-2roflnan 435 45 cows cow NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 435 46 while while IN cord-281819-2roflnan 435 47 walking walk VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 435 48 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 435 49 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 435 50 flat flat JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 435 51 substrate substrate NN cord-281819-2roflnan 435 52 Gait Gait NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 435 53 analysis analysis NN cord-281819-2roflnan 435 54 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 435 55 clinically clinically RB cord-281819-2roflnan 435 56 healthy healthy JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 435 57 sheep sheep NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 435 58 from from IN cord-281819-2roflnan 435 59 three three CD cord-281819-2roflnan 435 60 different different JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 435 61 age age NN cord-281819-2roflnan 435 62 groups group NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 435 63 using use VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 435 64 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 435 65 pressure pressure NN cord-281819-2roflnan 435 66 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 435 67 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 435 68 walkway walkway NN cord-281819-2roflnan 435 69 Development Development NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 435 70 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 435 71 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 435 72 real real JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 435 73 time time NN cord-281819-2roflnan 435 74 cow cow NN cord-281819-2roflnan 435 75 gait gait NN cord-281819-2roflnan 435 76 tracking tracking NN cord-281819-2roflnan 435 77 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 435 78 analysing analyse VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 435 79 tool tool NN cord-281819-2roflnan 435 80 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 435 81 assess assess VB cord-281819-2roflnan 435 82 lameness lameness NN cord-281819-2roflnan 435 83 using use VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 435 84 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 435 85 pressure pressure NN cord-281819-2roflnan 435 86 sensitive sensitive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 435 87 walkway walkway NN cord-281819-2roflnan 435 88 : : : cord-281819-2roflnan 436 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 436 2 GAITWISE GAITWISE NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 436 3 system system NN cord-281819-2roflnan 436 4 Effects effect NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 436 5 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 436 6 castration castration NN cord-281819-2roflnan 436 7 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 436 8 eating eat VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 436 9 pattern pattern NN cord-281819-2roflnan 436 10 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 436 11 physical physical JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 436 12 activity activity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 436 13 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 436 14 Holstein Holstein NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 436 15 bulls bull NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 436 16 fed feed VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 436 17 high high JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 436 18 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 436 19 concentrate concentrate NN cord-281819-2roflnan 436 20 rations ration NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 436 21 under under IN cord-281819-2roflnan 436 22 commercial commercial JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 436 23 conditions condition NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 437 1 A a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 437 2 field field NN cord-281819-2roflnan 437 3 investigation investigation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 437 4 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 437 5 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 437 6 use use NN cord-281819-2roflnan 437 7 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 437 8 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 437 9 pedometer pedometer NN cord-281819-2roflnan 437 10 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 437 11 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 437 12 early early JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 437 13 detection detection NN cord-281819-2roflnan 437 14 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 437 15 lameness lameness NN cord-281819-2roflnan 437 16 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 437 17 cattle cattle NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 438 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 438 2 use use NN cord-281819-2roflnan 438 3 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 438 4 infrared infrared JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 438 5 thermography thermography NN cord-281819-2roflnan 438 6 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 438 7 detecting detect VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 438 8 digital digital JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 438 9 dermatitis dermatitis NN cord-281819-2roflnan 438 10 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 438 11 dairy dairy NN cord-281819-2roflnan 438 12 cattle cattle NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 438 13 : : : cord-281819-2roflnan 438 14 What what WP cord-281819-2roflnan 438 15 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 438 16 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 438 17 best good JJS cord-281819-2roflnan 438 18 measure measure NN cord-281819-2roflnan 438 19 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 438 20 temperature temperature NN cord-281819-2roflnan 438 21 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 438 22 foot foot NN cord-281819-2roflnan 438 23 location location NN cord-281819-2roflnan 438 24 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 438 25 use use VB cord-281819-2roflnan 438 26 ? ? . cord-281819-2roflnan 439 1 Clinical clinical JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 439 2 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 439 3 behavioral behavioral JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 439 4 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 439 5 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 439 6 pulmonary pulmonary JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 439 7 changes change NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 439 8 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 439 9 calves calf NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 439 10 following follow VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 439 11 inoculation inoculation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 439 12 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 439 13 Mycoplasma Mycoplasma NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 439 14 bovis bovi NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 440 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 440 2 feasibility feasibility NN cord-281819-2roflnan 440 3 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 440 4 using use VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 440 5 vocalization vocalization NN cord-281819-2roflnan 440 6 scoring score VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 440 7 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 440 8 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 440 9 indicator indicator NN cord-281819-2roflnan 440 10 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 440 11 poor poor JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 440 12 welfare welfare NN cord-281819-2roflnan 440 13 during during IN cord-281819-2roflnan 440 14 cattle cattle NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 440 15 slaughter slaughter VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 440 16 Impact Impact NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 440 17 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 440 18 exposure exposure NN cord-281819-2roflnan 440 19 time time NN cord-281819-2roflnan 440 20 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 440 21 harsh harsh JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 440 22 environments environment NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 440 23 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 440 24 physiology physiology NN cord-281819-2roflnan 440 25 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 440 26 mortality mortality NN cord-281819-2roflnan 440 27 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 440 28 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 440 29 thermal thermal JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 440 30 comfort comfort NN cord-281819-2roflnan 440 31 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 440 32 day day NN cord-281819-2roflnan 440 33 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 440 34 old old JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 440 35 chickens chicken NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 440 36 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 440 37 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 440 38 simulated simulated JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 440 39 condition condition NN cord-281819-2roflnan 440 40 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 440 41 transport transport NN cord-281819-2roflnan 440 42 Assessment Assessment NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 440 43 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 440 44 laying lay VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 440 45 hens hen NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 440 46 ' ' POS cord-281819-2roflnan 440 47 thermal thermal JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 440 48 comfort comfort NN cord-281819-2roflnan 440 49 using use VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 440 50 sound sound JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 440 51 technology technology NN cord-281819-2roflnan 440 52 Livestock Livestock NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 440 53 vocalisation vocalisation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 440 54 classification classification NN cord-281819-2roflnan 440 55 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 441 1 farm farm NN cord-281819-2roflnan 441 2 soundscapes soundscape NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 441 3 Use Use NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 441 4 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 441 5 vocalisation vocalisation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 441 6 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 441 7 identify identify VB cord-281819-2roflnan 441 8 sex sex NN cord-281819-2roflnan 441 9 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 441 10 age age NN cord-281819-2roflnan 441 11 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 441 12 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 441 13 distress distress NN cord-281819-2roflnan 441 14 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 441 15 pig pig NN cord-281819-2roflnan 441 16 production production NN cord-281819-2roflnan 441 17 Pecking pecking NN cord-281819-2roflnan 441 18 activity activity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 441 19 detection detection NN cord-281819-2roflnan 441 20 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 441 21 group group NN cord-281819-2roflnan 441 22 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 441 23 housed house VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 441 24 turkeys turkey NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 441 25 using use VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 441 26 acoustic acoustic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 441 27 data datum NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 441 28 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 441 29 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 441 30 deep deep JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 441 31 learning learning NN cord-281819-2roflnan 441 32 technique technique NN cord-281819-2roflnan 441 33 Parturition parturition NN cord-281819-2roflnan 441 34 detection detection NN cord-281819-2roflnan 441 35 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 441 36 sows sow NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 441 37 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 441 38 test test NN cord-281819-2roflnan 441 39 case case NN cord-281819-2roflnan 441 40 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 441 41 measuring measure VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 441 42 activity activity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 441 43 behaviour behaviour NN cord-281819-2roflnan 441 44 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 441 45 farm farm NN cord-281819-2roflnan 441 46 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 441 47 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 441 48 means mean NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 441 49 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 441 50 radar radar NN cord-281819-2roflnan 441 51 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 441 52 Measurement Measurement NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 441 53 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 441 54 uterine uterine JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 441 55 electrophysiological electrophysiological JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 441 56 activity activity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 442 1 Three three CD cord-281819-2roflnan 442 2 Dimensional dimensional JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 442 3 Noninvasive noninvasive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 442 4 Electromyometrial Electromyometrial NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 442 5 Imaging Imaging NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 442 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 442 7 EMMI EMMI NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 442 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 442 9 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 442 10 Uterine uterine JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 442 11 Contractions contraction NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 442 12 Effects effect NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 442 13 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 442 14 geometric geometric JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 442 15 Alterations alteration NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 442 16 An an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 442 17 application application NN cord-281819-2roflnan 442 18 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 442 19 higher high JJR cord-281819-2roflnan 442 20 order order NN cord-281819-2roflnan 442 21 multivariate multivariate JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 442 22 cumulants cumulant NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 442 23 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 442 24 modelling modelling NN cord-281819-2roflnan 442 25 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 442 26 myoelectrical myoelectrical JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 442 27 activity activity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 442 28 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 442 29 porcine porcine JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 442 30 uterus uterus NN cord-281819-2roflnan 442 31 during during IN cord-281819-2roflnan 442 32 early early JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 442 33 pregnancy pregnancy NN cord-281819-2roflnan 442 34 Automated automate VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 442 35 detection detection NN cord-281819-2roflnan 442 36 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 442 37 health health NN cord-281819-2roflnan 442 38 disorders disorder NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 442 39 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 442 40 lactating lactate VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 442 41 dairy dairy NN cord-281819-2roflnan 442 42 cattle cattle NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 442 43 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 442 44 pasture pasture NN cord-281819-2roflnan 442 45 : : : cord-281819-2roflnan 442 46 A a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 442 47 preliminary preliminary JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 442 48 study study NN cord-281819-2roflnan 442 49 Evaluation Evaluation NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 442 50 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 442 51 ruminal ruminal JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 442 52 motility motility NN cord-281819-2roflnan 442 53 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 442 54 cattle cattle NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 442 55 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 442 56 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 442 57 bolus bolus NN cord-281819-2roflnan 442 58 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 442 59 type type NN cord-281819-2roflnan 442 60 wireless wireless NN cord-281819-2roflnan 442 61 sensor sensor NN cord-281819-2roflnan 442 62 Review Review NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 442 63 : : : cord-281819-2roflnan 443 1 Rumen Rumen NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 443 2 sensors sensor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 443 3 : : : cord-281819-2roflnan 443 4 Data datum NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 443 5 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 443 6 interpretation interpretation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 443 7 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 443 8 key key JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 443 9 rumen rumen NN cord-281819-2roflnan 443 10 metabolic metabolic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 443 11 processes process NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 444 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 444 2 human human JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 444 3 urine urine NN cord-281819-2roflnan 444 4 metabolome metabolome NN cord-281819-2roflnan 445 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 445 2 next next JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 445 3 challenge challenge NN cord-281819-2roflnan 445 4 Plasma plasma NN cord-281819-2roflnan 445 5 metabolites metabolite NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 445 6 associated associate VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 445 7 with with IN cord-281819-2roflnan 445 8 residual residual JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 445 9 feed feed NN cord-281819-2roflnan 445 10 intake intake NN cord-281819-2roflnan 445 11 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 445 12 other other JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 445 13 productivity productivity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 445 14 performance performance NN cord-281819-2roflnan 445 15 traits trait NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 445 16 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 445 17 beef beef NN cord-281819-2roflnan 445 18 cattle cattle NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 445 19 Modern modern JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 445 20 analytical analytical JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 445 21 techniques technique NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 445 22 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 445 23 metabolomics metabolomic NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 445 24 analysis analysis NN cord-281819-2roflnan 445 25 Evaluation Evaluation NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 445 26 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 445 27 breath breath NN cord-281819-2roflnan 445 28 biomarkers biomarker NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 445 29 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 445 30 serum serum NN cord-281819-2roflnan 445 31 haptoglobin haptoglobin NN cord-281819-2roflnan 445 32 concentration concentration NN cord-281819-2roflnan 445 33 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 445 34 diagnosis diagnosis NN cord-281819-2roflnan 445 35 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 445 36 bovine bovine JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 445 37 respiratory respiratory JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 445 38 disease disease NN cord-281819-2roflnan 445 39 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 445 40 heifers heifer NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 445 41 newly newly RB cord-281819-2roflnan 445 42 arrived arrive VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 445 43 at at IN cord-281819-2roflnan 445 44 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 445 45 feedlot feedlot NN cord-281819-2roflnan 445 46 Methods method NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 445 47 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 445 48 measuring measure VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 445 49 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 445 50 estimating estimate VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 445 51 methane methane NN cord-281819-2roflnan 445 52 emission emission NN cord-281819-2roflnan 445 53 from from IN cord-281819-2roflnan 445 54 ruminants ruminant NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 445 55 Accuracy accuracy NN cord-281819-2roflnan 445 56 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 445 57 noninvasive noninvasive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 445 58 breath breath NN cord-281819-2roflnan 445 59 methane methane NN cord-281819-2roflnan 445 60 measurements measurement NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 445 61 using use VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 445 62 Fourier Fourier NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 445 63 transform transform VB cord-281819-2roflnan 445 64 infrared infrared JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 445 65 methods method NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 445 66 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 445 67 individual individual JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 445 68 cows cow NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 445 69 Hot hot JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 445 70 topic topic NN cord-281819-2roflnan 445 71 : : : cord-281819-2roflnan 445 72 Innovative innovative JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 445 73 lactation lactation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 445 74 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 445 75 stage stage NN cord-281819-2roflnan 445 76 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 445 77 dependent dependent JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 445 78 prediction prediction NN cord-281819-2roflnan 445 79 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 445 80 methane methane NN cord-281819-2roflnan 445 81 emissions emission NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 445 82 from from IN cord-281819-2roflnan 445 83 milk milk NN cord-281819-2roflnan 445 84 mid mid JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 445 85 - - JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 445 86 infrared infrared JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 445 87 spectra spectra JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 445 88 Detection detection NN cord-281819-2roflnan 445 89 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 445 90 volatile volatile JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 445 91 compounds compound NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 445 92 emitted emit VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 445 93 from from IN cord-281819-2roflnan 445 94 nasal nasal JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 445 95 secretions secretion NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 445 96 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 445 97 serum serum NN cord-281819-2roflnan 445 98 : : : cord-281819-2roflnan 445 99 Towards towards IN cord-281819-2roflnan 445 100 non non JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 445 101 - - JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 445 102 invasive invasive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 445 103 identification identification NN cord-281819-2roflnan 445 104 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 445 105 diseased diseased JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 445 106 cattle cattle NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 445 107 biomarkers biomarker NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 445 108 Heat heat VB cord-281819-2roflnan 445 109 Detection detection NN cord-281819-2roflnan 445 110 : : : cord-281819-2roflnan 445 111 Trends trend NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 445 112 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 445 113 Opportunities Opportunities NNPS cord-281819-2roflnan 445 114 GryphSens GryphSens NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 445 115 : : : cord-281819-2roflnan 446 1 A a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 446 2 smartphone smartphone NN cord-281819-2roflnan 446 3 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 446 4 based base VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 446 5 portable portable JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 446 6 diagnostic diagnostic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 446 7 reader reader NN cord-281819-2roflnan 446 8 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 446 9 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 446 10 rapid rapid JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 446 11 detection detection NN cord-281819-2roflnan 446 12 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 446 13 progesterone progesterone NN cord-281819-2roflnan 446 14 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 446 15 milk milk NN cord-281819-2roflnan 446 16 Vocal vocal JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 446 17 contagion contagion NN cord-281819-2roflnan 446 18 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 446 19 emotions emotion NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 446 20 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 446 21 non non JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 446 22 - - JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 446 23 human human JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 446 24 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 446 25 Does do VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 446 26 farm farm NN cord-281819-2roflnan 446 27 animals animal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 446 28 experience experience VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 446 29 emotions emotion NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 446 30 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 446 31 feelings feeling NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 446 32 ? ? . cord-281819-2roflnan 447 1 Positive positive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 447 2 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 447 3 negative negative JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 447 4 emotions emotion NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 447 5 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 447 6 dairy dairy NN cord-281819-2roflnan 447 7 cows cow NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 447 8 : : : cord-281819-2roflnan 447 9 Can Can MD cord-281819-2roflnan 447 10 ear ear NN cord-281819-2roflnan 447 11 postures posture NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 447 12 be be VB cord-281819-2roflnan 447 13 used use VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 447 14 as as IN cord-281819-2roflnan 447 15 a a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 447 16 measure measure NN cord-281819-2roflnan 447 17 ? ? . cord-281819-2roflnan 448 1 Facial facial JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 448 2 expression expression NN cord-281819-2roflnan 448 3 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 448 4 pain pain NN cord-281819-2roflnan 448 5 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 448 6 Nellore Nellore NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 448 7 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 448 8 crossbred crossbreed VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 448 9 beef beef NN cord-281819-2roflnan 448 10 cattle cattle NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 448 11 Routine routine PRP$ cord-281819-2roflnan 448 12 activities activity NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 448 13 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 448 14 emotion emotion NN cord-281819-2roflnan 448 15 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 448 16 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 448 17 life life NN cord-281819-2roflnan 448 18 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 448 19 dairy dairy NN cord-281819-2roflnan 448 20 cows cow NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 448 21 : : : cord-281819-2roflnan 449 1 Integrating integrate VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 449 2 body body NN cord-281819-2roflnan 449 3 language language NN cord-281819-2roflnan 449 4 into into IN cord-281819-2roflnan 449 5 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 449 6 affective affective JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 449 7 state state NN cord-281819-2roflnan 449 8 framework framework NN cord-281819-2roflnan 450 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 450 2 nuts nut NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 450 3 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 450 4 bolts bolt NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 450 5 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 450 6 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 450 7 emotion emotion NN cord-281819-2roflnan 450 8 Development Development NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 450 9 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 450 10 Automated Automated NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 450 11 Computer Computer NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 450 12 Vision Vision NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 450 13 Systems Systems NNPS cord-281819-2roflnan 450 14 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 450 15 Investigation Investigation NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 450 16 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 450 17 Livestock Livestock NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 450 18 Behaviours Behaviours NNPS cord-281819-2roflnan 451 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 451 2 automated automated JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 451 3 analysis analysis NN cord-281819-2roflnan 451 4 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 451 5 clustering cluster VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 451 6 behaviour behaviour NN cord-281819-2roflnan 451 7 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 451 8 piglets piglet NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 451 9 from from IN cord-281819-2roflnan 451 10 thermal thermal JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 451 11 images image NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 451 12 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 451 13 response response NN cord-281819-2roflnan 451 14 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 451 15 immune immune JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 451 16 challenge challenge NN cord-281819-2roflnan 451 17 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 451 18 vaccination vaccination NN cord-281819-2roflnan 451 19 Quantification quantification NN cord-281819-2roflnan 451 20 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 451 21 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 451 22 effects effect NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 451 23 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 451 24 fur fur NN cord-281819-2roflnan 451 25 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 451 26 fur fur NN cord-281819-2roflnan 451 27 color color NN cord-281819-2roflnan 451 28 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 451 29 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 451 30 velocity velocity NN cord-281819-2roflnan 451 31 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 451 32 Time Time NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 451 33 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 451 34 Of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 451 35 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 451 36 Flight flight NN cord-281819-2roflnan 451 37 technology technology NN cord-281819-2roflnan 451 38 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 451 39 dairy dairy NN cord-281819-2roflnan 451 40 production production NN cord-281819-2roflnan 451 41 Skin skin NN cord-281819-2roflnan 451 42 surface surface NN cord-281819-2roflnan 451 43 temperature temperature NN cord-281819-2roflnan 451 44 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 451 45 broiler broiler NN cord-281819-2roflnan 451 46 chickens chicken NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 451 47 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 451 48 correlated correlate VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 451 49 to to IN cord-281819-2roflnan 451 50 body body NN cord-281819-2roflnan 451 51 core core NN cord-281819-2roflnan 451 52 temperature temperature NN cord-281819-2roflnan 451 53 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 451 54 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 451 55 indicative indicative JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 451 56 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 451 57 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-281819-2roflnan 451 58 thermoregulatory thermoregulatory JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 451 59 status status NN cord-281819-2roflnan 451 60 Continuous continuous JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 451 61 wavelet wavelet NN cord-281819-2roflnan 451 62 filtering filtering NN cord-281819-2roflnan 451 63 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 451 64 webcam webcam NN cord-281819-2roflnan 451 65 photoplethysmographic photoplethysmographic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 451 66 signals signal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 451 67 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 451 68 remotely remotely RB cord-281819-2roflnan 451 69 assess assess VB cord-281819-2roflnan 451 70 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 451 71 instantaneous instantaneous JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 451 72 heart heart NN cord-281819-2roflnan 451 73 rate rate NN cord-281819-2roflnan 452 1 A a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 452 2 vision vision NN cord-281819-2roflnan 452 3 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 452 4 development development NN cord-281819-2roflnan 452 5 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 452 6 utilization utilization NN cord-281819-2roflnan 452 7 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 452 8 high high JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 452 9 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 452 10 throughput throughput NN cord-281819-2roflnan 452 11 phenotyping phenotyping NN cord-281819-2roflnan 452 12 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 452 13 big big JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 452 14 data data NN cord-281819-2roflnan 452 15 analytics analytic NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 452 16 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 452 17 livestock livestock NN cord-281819-2roflnan 452 18 Big big JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 452 19 data datum NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 452 20 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 452 21 Smart Smart NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 452 22 Farming Farming NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 452 23 - - : cord-281819-2roflnan 452 24 A a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 452 25 review review NN cord-281819-2roflnan 452 26 Enhancing enhance VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 452 27 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 452 28 security security NN cord-281819-2roflnan 452 29 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 452 30 patients patient NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 452 31 ' ' POS cord-281819-2roflnan 452 32 portals portal NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 452 33 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 452 34 websites website NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 452 35 by by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 452 36 detecting detect VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 452 37 malicious malicious JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 452 38 web web NN cord-281819-2roflnan 452 39 crawlers crawler NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 452 40 using use VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 452 41 machine machine NN cord-281819-2roflnan 452 42 learning learning NN cord-281819-2roflnan 452 43 techniques technique NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 452 44 Comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 452 45 analysis analysis NN cord-281819-2roflnan 452 46 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 452 47 machine machine NN cord-281819-2roflnan 452 48 learning learning NN cord-281819-2roflnan 452 49 models model NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 452 50 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 452 51 prediction prediction NN cord-281819-2roflnan 452 52 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 452 53 sub sub JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 452 54 - - JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 452 55 clinical clinical JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 452 56 mastitis mastitis NN cord-281819-2roflnan 452 57 : : : cord-281819-2roflnan 452 58 Deep deep JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 452 59 learning learning NN cord-281819-2roflnan 452 60 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 452 61 gradient gradient NN cord-281819-2roflnan 452 62 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 452 63 boosted boost VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 452 64 trees tree NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 452 65 outperform outperform VBP cord-281819-2roflnan 452 66 other other JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 452 67 models model NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 453 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 453 2 use use NN cord-281819-2roflnan 453 3 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 453 4 multilayer multilayer JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 453 5 network network NN cord-281819-2roflnan 453 6 analysis analysis NN cord-281819-2roflnan 453 7 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 453 8 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 453 9 behaviour behaviour NN cord-281819-2roflnan 453 10 Automatic automatic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 453 11 recognition recognition NN cord-281819-2roflnan 453 12 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 453 13 sow sow NN cord-281819-2roflnan 453 14 nursing nursing NN cord-281819-2roflnan 453 15 behaviour behaviour NN cord-281819-2roflnan 453 16 using use VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 453 17 deep deep JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 453 18 learning learning NN cord-281819-2roflnan 453 19 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 453 20 based base VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 453 21 segmentation segmentation NN cord-281819-2roflnan 453 22 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 453 23 spatial spatial JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 453 24 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 453 25 temporal temporal JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 453 26 features feature NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 453 27 Towards towards IN cord-281819-2roflnan 453 28 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 453 29 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 453 30 farm farm NN cord-281819-2roflnan 453 31 pig pig NN cord-281819-2roflnan 453 32 face face NN cord-281819-2roflnan 453 33 recognition recognition NN cord-281819-2roflnan 453 34 using use VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 453 35 convolutional convolutional NN cord-281819-2roflnan 453 36 neural neural JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 453 37 networks network NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 453 38 Using use VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 453 39 machine machine NN cord-281819-2roflnan 453 40 learning learn VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 453 41 to to TO cord-281819-2roflnan 453 42 estimate estimate VB cord-281819-2roflnan 453 43 herbage herbage NN cord-281819-2roflnan 453 44 production production NN cord-281819-2roflnan 453 45 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 453 46 nutrient nutrient NN cord-281819-2roflnan 453 47 uptake uptake NN cord-281819-2roflnan 453 48 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 453 49 Irish irish JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 453 50 dairy dairy NN cord-281819-2roflnan 453 51 farms farm NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 453 52 Computer Computer NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 453 53 vision vision NN cord-281819-2roflnan 453 54 system system NN cord-281819-2roflnan 453 55 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 453 56 measuring measure VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 454 1 individual individual JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 454 2 cow cow NN cord-281819-2roflnan 454 3 feed feed NN cord-281819-2roflnan 454 4 intake intake NN cord-281819-2roflnan 454 5 using use VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 454 6 RGB rgb NN cord-281819-2roflnan 454 7 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 454 8 D d NN cord-281819-2roflnan 454 9 camera camera NN cord-281819-2roflnan 454 10 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 454 11 deep deep JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 454 12 learning learning NN cord-281819-2roflnan 454 13 algorithms algorithm NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 454 14 Ranking Ranking NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 454 15 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 454 16 environmental environmental JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 454 17 heat heat NN cord-281819-2roflnan 454 18 stressors stressor NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 454 19 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 454 20 dairy dairy NN cord-281819-2roflnan 454 21 cows cow NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 454 22 using use VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 454 23 machine machine NN cord-281819-2roflnan 454 24 learning learn VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 454 25 algorithms algorithm NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 454 26 Big big JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 454 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 454 28 pig pig NN cord-281819-2roflnan 454 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 454 30 data datum NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 454 31 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 454 32 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 454 33 internet internet NN cord-281819-2roflnan 454 34 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 454 35 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 454 36 swine swine NN cord-281819-2roflnan 454 37 things thing NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 454 38 : : : cord-281819-2roflnan 454 39 A a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 454 40 new new JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 454 41 paradigm paradigm NN cord-281819-2roflnan 454 42 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 454 43 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 454 44 industry industry NN cord-281819-2roflnan 454 45 Big big JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 454 46 data data NN cord-281819-2roflnan 454 47 analytics analytic NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 454 48 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 454 49 precision precision NN cord-281819-2roflnan 454 50 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 454 51 agriculture agriculture NN cord-281819-2roflnan 454 52 symposium symposium NN cord-281819-2roflnan 454 53 : : : cord-281819-2roflnan 454 54 Machine machine NN cord-281819-2roflnan 454 55 learning learning NN cord-281819-2roflnan 454 56 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 454 57 data datum NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 454 58 mining mining NN cord-281819-2roflnan 454 59 advance advance NN cord-281819-2roflnan 454 60 predictive predictive JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 454 61 big big JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 454 62 data data NN cord-281819-2roflnan 454 63 analysis analysis NN cord-281819-2roflnan 454 64 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 454 65 precision precision NN cord-281819-2roflnan 454 66 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 454 67 agriculture agriculture NN cord-281819-2roflnan 454 68 Economic economic JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 454 69 viability viability NN cord-281819-2roflnan 454 70 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 454 71 adoption adoption NN cord-281819-2roflnan 454 72 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 454 73 automated automate VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 454 74 oestrus oestrus NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 454 75 detection detection NN cord-281819-2roflnan 454 76 technologies technology NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 454 77 on on IN cord-281819-2roflnan 454 78 dairy dairy NN cord-281819-2roflnan 454 79 farms farm NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 454 80 : : : cord-281819-2roflnan 455 1 A a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 455 2 review review NN cord-281819-2roflnan 455 3 Cost cost NN cord-281819-2roflnan 455 4 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 455 5 benefit benefit NN cord-281819-2roflnan 455 6 analysis analysis NN cord-281819-2roflnan 455 7 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 455 8 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 455 9 UHF UHF NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 455 10 - - HYPH cord-281819-2roflnan 455 11 RFID RFID NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 455 12 system system NN cord-281819-2roflnan 455 13 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 455 14 animal animal NN cord-281819-2roflnan 455 15 identification identification NN cord-281819-2roflnan 455 16 , , , cord-281819-2roflnan 455 17 simultaneous simultaneous JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 455 18 detection detection NN cord-281819-2roflnan 455 19 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 455 20 hotspot hotspot NN cord-281819-2roflnan 455 21 monitoring monitoring NN cord-281819-2roflnan 455 22 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 455 23 fattening fatten VBG cord-281819-2roflnan 455 24 pigs pig NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 455 25 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 455 26 dairy dairy NN cord-281819-2roflnan 455 27 cows cow NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 455 28 Precision Precision NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 455 29 livestock livestock NN cord-281819-2roflnan 455 30 farming farming NN cord-281819-2roflnan 455 31 in in IN cord-281819-2roflnan 455 32 swine swine NN cord-281819-2roflnan 455 33 welfare welfare NN cord-281819-2roflnan 455 34 : : : cord-281819-2roflnan 455 35 A a DT cord-281819-2roflnan 455 36 review review NN cord-281819-2roflnan 455 37 for for IN cord-281819-2roflnan 455 38 swine swine NN cord-281819-2roflnan 455 39 practitioners practitioner NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 456 1 This this DT cord-281819-2roflnan 456 2 article article NN cord-281819-2roflnan 456 3 is be VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 456 4 an an DT cord-281819-2roflnan 456 5 open open JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 456 6 access access NN cord-281819-2roflnan 456 7 article article NN cord-281819-2roflnan 456 8 distributed distribute VBN cord-281819-2roflnan 456 9 under under IN cord-281819-2roflnan 456 10 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 456 11 terms term NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 456 12 and and CC cord-281819-2roflnan 456 13 conditions condition NNS cord-281819-2roflnan 456 14 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 456 15 the the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 456 16 Creative Creative NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 456 17 Commons Commons NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 456 18 Attribution Attribution NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 456 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 456 20 CC CC NNP cord-281819-2roflnan 456 21 BY by IN cord-281819-2roflnan 456 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-281819-2roflnan 456 23 license license NN cord-281819-2roflnan 456 24 Funding funding NN cord-281819-2roflnan 456 25 : : : cord-281819-2roflnan 457 1 This this DT cord-281819-2roflnan 457 2 research research NN cord-281819-2roflnan 457 3 received receive VBD cord-281819-2roflnan 457 4 no no DT cord-281819-2roflnan 457 5 external external JJ cord-281819-2roflnan 457 6 funding funding NN cord-281819-2roflnan 457 7 . . . cord-281819-2roflnan 458 1 The the DT cord-281819-2roflnan 458 2 author author NN cord-281819-2roflnan 458 3 declares declare VBZ cord-281819-2roflnan 458 4 no no DT cord-281819-2roflnan 458 5 conflict conflict NN cord-281819-2roflnan 458 6 of of IN cord-281819-2roflnan 458 7 interest interest NN cord-281819-2roflnan 458 8 . . .