# ent

id: cord-287196-re4sosff
type: ORG
entity:
  College Students Academic Stress and Its Relation To Their Anxiety Time Management and Leisure Satisfaction Impact of Sars


id: cord-012115-hpsxi9ay
type: GGP
entity:
  TAX 327 Study Cancer related pain a pan European survey of prevalence treatment and patient attitudes The symptom cluster


id: cord-012115-hpsxi9ay
type: CL
entity:
  CNS sites Opioid supraspinal analgesic synergy between the amygdala and periaqueductal gray in rats Oxytocin


id: cord-012115-hpsxi9ay
type: ORG
entity:
  the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality of Life Questionnaire Quality


id: cord-268884-oi5l5f7f
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  BJPsych Open DOI 10 1192 bjo 2020 109 sha fa302074473fc311465a1f9490594bf243096d9d doc_id 268884 cord_uid oi5l5f7f


id: cord-342496-4na1e2de
type: ORG
entity:
  Burden of Illness Perceived Stress Anxiety and Depression Among Undergraduate Students An Online Survey Study Relationship


id: cord-289498-6hf3axps
type: DNA
entity:
  COVID 19 pandemic 17 45 28 23 41 22 26 2 T1 IUS 27 46 41 28 53 T1 Illness Likelihood T1 Body Vigilance T1 Illness Severity T2 Illness Likelihood T2 Body Vigilance T2 Illness Likelihood Affective Risk COVID 19 Affective Risk Assessments IUS Intolerance


id: cord-289498-6hf3axps
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  The Prospective Influence of COVID 19 Affective Risk Assessments and Intolerance of Uncertainty on Later Dimensions of Health Anxiety


id: cord-318363-1mv5j4w2
type: DNA
entity:
  human internal circadian clock J o u r n a l P r e p r o o f runs slightly longer than 24 hours and therefore needs


id: cord-318363-1mv5j4w2
type: ORG
entity:
  Insomnia and Related Social Psychological Factors Among Medical Staff Novel Coronavirus Disease Outbreak Clinical


id: cord-292508-unoeicq0
type: ORG
entity:
  Arba Minch University Institutional research Ethics Review Board College of Medicine and Health Sciences


id: cord-310592-he6wquwj
type: ORG
entity:
  World Health Organization Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders Global Health Estimates Mental


id: cord-276831-1z27qsym
type: ORG
entity:
  Prevalence and Risk Factors of Depression Anxiety and Stress in a Cohort of Australian Nurses An Illness of Power Gender


id: cord-320603-pus087p8
type: ORG
entity:
  Epidemiology Working Group for NCIP Epidemic Response Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention


id: cord-350000-eqn3kl5p
type: DNA
entity:
  A1 A8 A9 A10 A13 A16 A18 A21 A23 A25 A30 A33 A37 A40 A41 A44 A56 A59 A62 A66 A67 A70 A82 A86 A92 A98 A105 A106 A111 A121 I1 I2 I6 I10 I11 I13 I16 I18 I23 I25 I29 I30 I32 I34 I40 I42 54 Breathing exercises A3 A6 A20 A21 A23 A25 A29 A30 A34 A37 A41 I29 I33 I7 I9 31 Games A31 A32 A43 A46 A51 A58 A60 A63 A65 A84 A96 A101 A112 A119 A120 I12 I14 I15 I17 I20 I22 I24 I27 I28 I31 I36 I39 I41 I43 I44 33


id: cord-350000-eqn3kl5p
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  A6 A11 A20 A29 A38 A86 A112 I1 I13 I18 10 Self esteem and confidence A18 A20 A21 A83 A88 A118 A121 I1 I2 I5 I18 I26 12


id: cord-350000-eqn3kl5p
type: GGP
entity:
  A12 A33 A34 A48 A66 A69 A70 A72 A78 A79 A88 A91 A103 A113 I19 I7 17 Stories A8 A18 A30 A36 A49 A59 A82 A98 A118 I8 I9 I18 I29 I30 I32 I42 16 Mindfulness practices A10 A12 A20


id: cord-299567-tlnvqah3
type: GGP
entity:
  medRxiv preprint 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 CC BY NC ND 4 0


id: cord-299567-tlnvqah3
type: GGP
entity:
  medRxiv preprint 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 View


id: cord-299567-tlnvqah3
type: ORG
entity:
  Evaluating Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis A Brief Measure for Assessing Generalized Anxiety


id: cord-321193-c0g999r1
type: DNA
entity:
  coronavirus χ2 1 5 12 P 02 86 87 Anxiety trust and preventive behaviours Seven binary logistic regressions


id: cord-288568-fjdjuksm
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  the Body When There Are No Words for Feelings Alexithymia and Somatization in Self Harming Adolescents Depression


id: cord-349219-tl97bj42
type: ORG
entity:
  a Mediator of Family Environment in Etiological Models of Childhood Anxiety Republished Article A structural


id: cord-349219-tl97bj42
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  Examining How Neighborhood Disadvantage Influences Trajectories of Adolescent Violence A Look at Social Bonding and Psychological Distress


id: cord-349219-tl97bj42
type: EVENT
entity:
  the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories Prevalence and Psychiatric Risk Factors of Excessive Internet Use


id: cord-349219-tl97bj42
type: ORG
entity:
  Young Adult College Students Depression Anxiety and Stress Assessment of Depression Anxiety and Stress among Medical Students Enrolled


id: cord-285384-xay5aw7y
type: PROTEIN
entity:
  Y Dahmash E Z Al Rousan R Alwafi H Alrawashdeh H M Ghoul I Abidine A Bokhary M A AL Hadithi H T Ali D Abuthawabeh R Abdelwahab G M Alhartani Y J Al Muhaisen H Dagash A title


# bib

id: cord-012115-hpsxi9ay
author: Archie, Patrick
date: 2013-05-30
txt: ./txt/cord-012115-hpsxi9ay.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-012115-hpsxi9ay.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3728458/
doi: 10.1007/s00520-013-1841-4
summary:
  The Cochrane Library, Ovid, PubMed, CINAHL Plus, PsycINFO, and ProQuest were searched for the subject headings music, music therapy, cancer, oncology, palliative care, pain, anxiety, depression, mood, quality of life, prevalence, neuroscience, functional imaging, endogenous opioids, GABA, 5HT, dopamine, and permutations of these same search terms. RESULTS: Available evidence suggests that music-based interventions may have a positive impact on pain, anxiety, mood disturbance, and quality of life in cancer patients. b Inferior view of neuroanatomic regions affected by music (and implicated in the pathophysiology of pain, anxiety, and/or depression) outcome to cancer patients in palliative care settings, future studies investigating the effect of music-based interventions on pain, anxiety, or mood disturbance in this patient population should incorporate QOL measurements into their outcome assessment.

title:
  Music-based interventions in palliative cancer care: a review of quantitative studies and neurobiological literature

abstract:
  PURPOSE: This study aimed to review quantitative literature pertaining to studies of music-based interventions in palliative cancer care and to review the neurobiological literature that may bare relevance to the findings from these studies. METHODS: A narrative review was performed, with particular emphasis on RCTs, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews. The Cochrane Library, Ovid, PubMed, CINAHL Plus, PsycINFO, and ProQuest were searched for the subject headings music, music therapy, cancer, oncology, palliative care, pain, anxiety, depression, mood, quality of life, prevalence, neuroscience, functional imaging, endogenous opioids, GABA, 5HT, dopamine, and permutations of these same search terms. Data for the review were comprised of articles published between 1970 and 2012. References of all the cited articles were also reviewed. RESULTS: Available evidence suggests that music-based interventions may have a positive impact on pain, anxiety, mood disturbance, and quality of life in cancer patients. Advances in neurobiology may provide insight into the potential mechanisms by which music impacts these outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: More research is needed to determine what subpopulation of cancer patients is most likely to respond to music-based interventions, what interventions are most effective for individual outcomes, and what measurement parameters best gauge their effectiveness.


id: cord-027578-yapmcvps
title: Death anxiety in the time of COVID-19: theoretical explanations and clinical implications
author: Menzies, Rachel E.
date: 2020-06-11
txt: ./txt/cord-027578-yapmcvps.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-027578-yapmcvps.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7308596/
doi: 10.1017/s1754470x20000215
summary:
  Fear of death has recently been shown to predict not only anxiety related to COVID-19, but also to play a causal role in various mental health conditions. The findings revealed a significant positive correlation between death anxiety and anxious beliefs and behaviours related to COVID-19 (e.g. estimated likelihood of contracting the virus, estimated likelihood of wearing a mask in public, etc.), in addition to self-reported health anxiety, and overall psychological distress. Results from numerous studies appear to suggest that fear of death is indeed a transdiagnostic construct driving a number of mental health conditions, although further research using treatment-seeking and clinical samples is clearly warranted. In addition to predicting anxiety related to COVID-19 (Newton-John et al., 2020) , fear of death has also been shown to play a causal role across a number of mental health conditions (Menzies and Dar-Nimrod, 2017; Strachan et al., 2007) .

abstract:
  The recent COVID-19 pandemic has triggered a surge in anxiety across the globe. Much of the public’s behavioural and emotional response to the virus can be understood through the framework of terror management theory, which proposes that fear of death drives much of human behaviour. In the context of the current pandemic, death anxiety, a recently proposed transdiagnostic construct, appears especially relevant. Fear of death has recently been shown to predict not only anxiety related to COVID-19, but also to play a causal role in various mental health conditions. Given this, it is argued that treatment programmes in mental health may need to broaden their focus to directly target the dread of death. Notably, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has been shown to produce significant reductions in death anxiety. As such, it is possible that complementing current treatments with specific CBT techniques addressing fears of death may ensure enhanced long-term symptom reduction. Further research is essential in order to examine whether treating death anxiety will indeed improve long-term outcomes, and prevent the emergence of future disorders in vulnerable populations. KEY LEARNING AIMS: (1).. To understand terror management theory and its theoretical explanation of death anxiety in the context of COVID-19. (2).. To understand the transdiagnostic role of death anxiety in mental health disorders. (3).. To understand current treatment approaches for directly targeting death anxiety, and the importance of doing so to improve long-term treatment outcomes.


id: cord-029861-5alerret
title: Mental health status of students’ parents during COVID-19 pandemic and its influence factors
author: Wu, Mengting
date: 2020-07-21
txt: ./txt/cord-029861-5alerret.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-029861-5alerret.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7387315/
doi: 10.1136/gpsych-2020-100250
summary:
  AIMS: To investigate the depression, anxiety and stress of the students'' parents during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to explore the influence factors, especially the influence of social support and family-related factors. Other factors that influence parents'' depression, anxiety and perceived stress include marital satisfaction, social support, parents'' history of mental illness and parenting style, etc. (2) The regression analysis results showed that perceived stress, social support, marital satisfaction, family conflicts, child''s learning stage as well as parents'' history of mental illness had significant effects on parents'' anxiety and depression. The results showed that stress, marital satisfaction, social support, parents'' history of mental illness, family conflicts and child''s learning stage had significant effects on anxiety. The depression, anxiety and stress of parents with low family economic level were significantly higher than those with high economic level, which is consistent with previous studies, family economic condition is an important factor affecting individual''s mental health.

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: During the outbreak of COVID-19, the national policy of home quarantine may affect the mental health of parents. However, few studies have investigated the mental health of parents during the COVID-19 pandemic. AIMS: To investigate the depression, anxiety and stress of the students’ parents during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to explore the influence factors, especially the influence of social support and family-related factors. METHODS: The Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Perceived Stress Scale-10 and Social Support Rating Scale were applied to 1163 parents to measure the parents’ depression, anxiety, stress and social support. RESULTS: (1) The detection rates of depression and anxiety in parents were 6.1% and 4.0%. The depression, anxiety and perceived stress of parents in central China were significantly higher than those in non-central China. The anxiety of college students’ parents was lower than that of parents of the primary, middle and high school students. The depression, anxiety and perceived stress of parents with conflicts in the family were significantly higher than those with a harmonious family. Other factors that influence parents’ depression, anxiety and perceived stress include marital satisfaction, social support, parents’ history of mental illness and parenting style, etc. (2) The regression analysis results showed that perceived stress, social support, marital satisfaction, family conflicts, child’s learning stage as well as parents’ history of mental illness had significant effects on parents’ anxiety and depression. CONCLUSION: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the mental health of parents was affected by a variety of factors. Good marital relationships, good social support, family harmony and parents without a history of mental illness may be protective factors for parents’ mental health, while perceived stress and child in middle or high school are risk factors for parents’ mental health.


id: cord-034687-57n88v6t
title: The endocannabinoid system in modulating fear, anxiety, and stress
author: Maldonado, Rafael
date: 2020-09-17
txt: ./txt/cord-034687-57n88v6t.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-034687-57n88v6t.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7605023/
doi: 10.31887/dcns.2020.22.3/rmaldonado
summary:
  We also review the alterations in the activity of the endocannabinoid system during fear, stress, and anxiety, and the pathophysiological role of each component of this system in the control of these protective emotional responses that also trigger pathological emotional disorders. Importantly, the deletion of CB 1 R in forebrain GABAergic neurons of GABA-CB 1 R knockouts leads to an augmentation of active coping strategies in the fear conditioning paradigm, possibly due to an increased inhibition of glutamatergic cells in the basolateral amygdala (BLA), which reduces central amygdala (CeA) excitation. 24 Glucocorticoids released after acute stressors activate G-protein membrane receptors in the BLA, promoting a rapid increase in retrograde 2-AG signaling that leads to suppression of GABAergic synaptic inputs onto BLA principal neurons, inducing fast increases in anxiety-like behavior. 34 Chronic stress induces prominent and sustained changes in the endocannabinoid system, leading to decreases in CB 1 R signaling in brain regions related with emotional processing such as the hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, PFC, dorsal raphe nucleus, hypothalamus, and amygdala.

abstract:
  The endocannabinoid system is widely expressed in the limbic system, prefrontal cortical areas, and brain structures regulating neuroendocrine stress responses, which explains the key role of this system in the control of emotions. In this review, we update recent advances on the function of the endocannabinoid system in determining the value of fear-evoking stimuli and promoting appropriate behavioral responses for stress resilience. We also review the alterations in the activity of the endocannabinoid system during fear, stress, and anxiety, and the pathophysiological role of each component of this system in the control of these protective emotional responses that also trigger pathological emotional disorders. In spite of all the evidence, we have not yet taken advantage of the therapeutic implications of this important role of the endocannabinoid system, and possible future strategies to improve the treatment of these emotional disorders are discussed.


id: cord-262049-c8uzehft
title: Anxiety and related factors in frontline clinical nurses fighting COVID-19 in Wuhan
author: Li, Ruilin
date: 2020-07-24
txt: ./txt/cord-262049-c8uzehft.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-262049-c8uzehft.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000021413
doi: 10.1097/md.0000000000021413
summary:
  The aim of this study was to examine the anxiety status of the frontline clinical nurses in the designated hospitals for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan and to analyze the influencing factors, to provide data for psychologic nursing. The frontline nurses working in the designated hospitals for the treatment of COVID-19 in Wuhan had serious anxiety. Sex, age, length of service, and clinical working time against COVID-19 were associated with anxiety in those nurses. To understand the psychologic state of the first cohort of frontline nurses in the designated hospitals in Wuhan city, we investigated and analyzed their anxiety and the related factors, hoping to provide data for the psychologic intervention of frontline and rescue nurses. The general information questionnaire included sex, age, ethnicity, length of service, professional title, education level, marital status, and clinical working time against COVID-19.

abstract:
  The aim of this study was to examine the anxiety status of the frontline clinical nurses in the designated hospitals for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan and to analyze the influencing factors, to provide data for psychologic nursing. This study used a cross-sectional survey design and convenience sampling. The questionnaires were completed by 176 frontline clinical nurses. Anxiety was determined using the Hamilton anxiety scale. General data were collected using a survey. Correlation analyses were used. Among the 176 frontline nurses, 77.3% (136/176) had anxiety. The anxiety scores of the frontline clinical nurse fighting COVID-19 were 17.1 ± 8.1. Anxiety symptoms, mild to moderate anxiety symptoms, and severe anxiety symptoms were found in 27.3%, 25%, and 25% of the nurses, respectively. Sex, age, marital status, length of service, and clinical working time against COVID-19 were associated with anxiety (P < .05). The frontline nurses working in the designated hospitals for the treatment of COVID-19 in Wuhan had serious anxiety. Sex, age, length of service, and clinical working time against COVID-19 were associated with anxiety in those nurses. Psychologic care guidance, counseling, and social support should be provided to the nurses to reduce their physical and mental burden. Nursing human resources in each province should be adjusted according to each province's reality.


id: cord-268884-oi5l5f7f
author: Shevlin, Mark
date: 2020-10-10
txt: ./txt/cord-268884-oi5l5f7f.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-268884-oi5l5f7f.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2020.109
doi: 10.1192/bjo.2020.109
summary:
  10 The primary aim of this study was to assess the levels of anxiety, depression and traumatic stress, based on validated selfreport measures, in a large, representative community sample during an early stage of the pandemic, between 23 and 28 March 2020. Our secondary aim was to identify groups that are psychologically vulnerable during the pandemic, by assessing the relationship between levels of anxiety, depression and traumatic stress and (a) age; (b) household income; (c) economic threat due to COVID-19; (d) health-related risk factors (being male, self or close friend or relative having a pre-existing serious health condition); (e) COVID-19 infection status; (f) anxiety specifically related to COVID-19; (g) perceived risk of COVID-19 infection; (h) living in an urban area; (i) living as a lone adult and (j) living with children in the home.

title:
  Anxiety, depression, traumatic stress and COVID-19-related anxiety in the UK general population during the COVID-19 pandemic

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has created an unprecedented global crisis, necessitating drastic changes to living conditions, social life, personal freedom and economic activity. No study has yet examined the presence of psychiatric symptoms in the UK population under similar conditions. AIMS: We investigated the prevalence of COVID-19-related anxiety, generalised anxiety, depression and trauma symptoms in the UK population during an early phase of the pandemic, and estimated associations with variables likely to influence these symptoms. METHOD: Between 23 and 28 March 2020, a quota sample of 2025 UK adults aged 18 years and older, stratified by age, gender and household income, was recruited by online survey company Qualtrics. Participants completed standardised measures of depression, generalised anxiety and trauma symptoms relating to the pandemic. Bivariate and multivariate associations were calculated for demographic and health-related variables. RESULTS: Higher levels of anxiety, depression and trauma symptoms were reported compared with previous population studies, but not dramatically so. Anxiety or depression and trauma symptoms were predicted by young age, presence of children in the home, and high estimates of personal risk. Anxiety and depression were also predicted by low income, loss of income and pre-existing health conditions in self and others. Specific anxiety about COVID-19 was greater in older participants. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed a modest increase in the prevalence of mental health problems in the early stages of the pandemic, and these problems were predicted by several specific COVID-related variables. Further similar surveys, particularly of those with children at home, are required as the pandemic progresses.


id: cord-270232-ln7iil5y
title: COVID-19 health worries and anxiety symptoms among older adults: the moderating role of ageism
author: Bergman, Yoav S.
date: 2020-06-17
txt: ./txt/cord-270232-ln7iil5y.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-270232-ln7iil5y.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32613924/
doi: 10.1017/s1041610220001258
summary:
  Accordingly, the current study examined the moderating role of COVID-19-related ageism in the connection between COVID-19 health worries and anxiety symptoms among older adults. Data were collected from 243 older adults (age range 60–92; M = 69.75, SD = 6.69), who completed scales assessing COVID-19-related health worries and ageism, as well as anxiety symptoms. Accordingly, the current study aimed at examining the role of ageism in the connection between COVID-19 health worries and anxiety symptoms among older adults and explored the moderating role of ageism as strengthening this connection. Moreover, we hypothesized that the health worries-anxiety symptoms connection-would be stronger among older adults who display high levels of ageism. Our results demonstrate that both COVID-19 health-related worries and ageism resulting from the current pandemic were positively associated with anxiety symptoms among older adults.

abstract:
  A prominent feature of anxiety in late life is concerns regarding physical health. Anxiety symptoms among older adults have been connected with various psychological outcomes, including social isolation and loneliness. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, many societies have demonstrated increased ageist attitudes, encouraging older adults to distance themselves from society. Accordingly, the current study examined the moderating role of COVID-19-related ageism in the connection between COVID-19 health worries and anxiety symptoms among older adults. Data were collected from 243 older adults (age range 60–92; M = 69.75, SD = 6.69), who completed scales assessing COVID-19-related health worries and ageism, as well as anxiety symptoms. The results demonstrated that both health worries and ageism were positively associated with anxiety symptoms. Moreover, the connection between health worries and anxiety symptoms was more pronounced among older adults with high ageism levels. The study highlights the vulnerability of older adults in general, and ageist older adults in particular, to the negative consequences of COVID-19-related health worries, and emphasizes the role of the increased ageist stance of society during the pandemic in this regard.


id: cord-276831-1z27qsym
author: Zhu, Juhong
date: 2020-04-29
txt: ./txt/cord-276831-1z27qsym.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-276831-1z27qsym.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00386
doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00386
summary:
  It is extremely important to understand the prevalence and influencing factors of anxiety and depression symptoms in first-line anti-epidemic medical staff and their coping styles for these negative emotions. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Gansu (China), with a questionnaire packet which consisted of the self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), self-rating depression scale (SDS), and the simplified coping style questionnaire (SCSQ). CONCLUSIONS: The first-line anti-epidemic medical staff have high anxiety and depression symptoms and adopting positive coping styles will help to improve their negative emotions.

title:
  Prevalence and Influencing Factors of Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in the First-Line Medical Staff Fighting Against COVID-19 in Gansu

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: The outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) has brought enormous physical and psychological pressure on Chinese medical staff. It is extremely important to understand the prevalence and influencing factors of anxiety and depression symptoms in first-line anti-epidemic medical staff and their coping styles for these negative emotions. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Gansu (China), with a questionnaire packet which consisted of the self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), self-rating depression scale (SDS), and the simplified coping style questionnaire (SCSQ). A total of 79 doctors and 86 nurses participated in the survey. Correlation analysis was performed to explore the relationship between SAS, SDS, and SCSQ score. A linear regression model was used to determine the influencing factors for anxiety or depression symptoms. RESULTS: The prevalence rates of anxiety and depression symptoms among doctors was 11.4% and 45.6%, respectively. History of depression or anxiety (T=-2.644, p= 0.010, 95%CI: -10.514~-1.481) was shown to be a risk factor for anxiety symptoms in doctors, while being male (T=2.970, p=0.004, 95%CI: 2.667~13.521) was a protective factor for depression. The prevalence rate of anxiety and depression symptoms among nurses was 27.9% and 43.0%, respectively. History of depression or anxiety was a common risk factor for anxiety symptoms (T=-3.635, p=0.000, 95%CI: -16.360~-4.789) and depression symptoms (T=-2.835, p=0.005, 95%CI:-18.238~-3.254) in nurses. The results of partial correlation analysis (controlled for gender and history of depression or anxiety) indicated that the total score of positive coping was negatively correlated with the total score of anxiety (r=-0.182, p=0.002) and depression (r=-0.253, p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The first-line anti-epidemic medical staff have high anxiety and depression symptoms and adopting positive coping styles will help to improve their negative emotions.


id: cord-284030-hnjhdlif
author: Li, Quanman
date: 2020-08-13
txt: ./txt/cord-284030-hnjhdlif.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-284030-hnjhdlif.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0165032720326136
doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.017
summary:
  Abstract Objective To assess the prevalence of anxiety and explore its factors during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic among the teachers in China. After adjusting for potential confounders, age, sex, education status, type of teachers, school location, information source, worried level, fear level, and behavior status were found to be associated with anxiety. Therefore, this present study included registered teachers in China during the COVID-19 outbreak and aimed to assess the prevalence of anxiety and identify the potential risk and protective factors contributing to anxiety. A standard questionnaire was developed to assess demographic characteristics (sex, age, marital status, and education level and so on), the knowledge about COVID-19, attention, behavior, mental state (worry, fear, anxiety and so on), and other factors among all participants. Age, sex, education status, type of teachers, school location, information source, worried level, fear level, and behavior status were found to be associated with anxiety.

title:
  Prevalence and Factors for Anxiety during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Epidemic among the Teachers in China

abstract:
  Abstract Objective To assess the prevalence of anxiety and explore its factors during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic among the teachers in China. Methods We involved 88611 teachers (response rate: 94.75%) from three cities of Henan Province, China, during February 4, 2020 and February 12, 2020. Anxiety was assessed by using Generalized Anxiety Disorder tool (GAD-7). Odds ratios (OR) with 95% Confidence intervals (CI) for potential factors of anxiety were estimated using multiple logistic regression models. Results The overall prevalence of anxiety was 13.67%. The prevalence was higher for women than men (13.89% vs. 12.93%). The highest prevalence of anxiety was 14.06% (SE 2.51%) with age of 60 to 100 years in men, and 14.70% (SE 0.56%) with age of 50 to 60 years in women. Participants located in country-level city school had the lowest prevalence of anxiety across all age categories (12.01% for age of 18-30 years; 12.50% for age of 30-40 years; 12.13% for age of 40-50 years; 9.52% for age of 60-100 years). After adjusting for potential confounders, age, sex, education status, type of teachers, school location, information source, worried level, fear level, and behavior status were found to be associated with anxiety. Conclusions This large-scale study assessed the prevalence of anxiety in teachers, as well as its potential influence of factors, which is useful for international and national decision-makers.


id: cord-285384-xay5aw7y
author: Naser, A. Y.
date: 2020-04-11
txt: ./txt/cord-285384-xay5aw7y.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-285384-xay5aw7y.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.09.20056374v1?rss=1
doi: 10.1101/2020.04.09.20056374
summary:
  Methods: A cross-sectional study using an online survey was conducted in Jordan between 22nd and 28th of March 2020 to explore the mental health status (depression and anxiety) of the general population, healthcare professionals, and university students during the COVID-19 outbreak. A cross-sectional study by means of online survey was conducted in Jordan between 22 nd and 28 th of March 2020 to explore the mental health status (depression and anxiety) of the GP, HCPs, and USs during the outbreak of COVID-19. University students, females, younger population (18-29 years), single and divorced, participants who completed their bachelor degree (from the GP), with lower-income category (500 JD and below), pulmonologist and ENT specialists (for HCPs), participants with no history of chronic diseases (for the GP and USs) tend to have higher depression and anxiety median scores compared to others.

title:
  Mental health status of the general population, healthcare professionals, and university students during 2019 coronavirus disease outbreak in Jordan: a cross-sectional study

abstract:
  Background: The emergence of COVID-19 global pandemic coupled with high transmission rate and mortality has created an unprecedented state of emergency worldwide. This global situation may have a negative impact on the psychological well-being of individuals which in turn impacts individuals performance. Methods: A cross-sectional study using an online survey was conducted in Jordan between 22nd and 28th of March 2020 to explore the mental health status (depression and anxiety) of the general population, healthcare professionals, and university students during the COVID-19 outbreak. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) were used to assess depression and anxiety among the study participants. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of depression and anxiety. Results: The prevalence of depression and anxiety among the entire study participants was 23.8% and 13.1%, respectively. Anxiety was most prevalent across university students 21.5%, followed by healthcare professionals 11.3%, and general population 8.8%. Females among healthcare professionals and university students, divorced healthcare professionals, pulmonologists, and university students with history of chronic disease were at higher risk of developing depression. Females, divorced participants among the general population, and university students with history of chronic disease and those with high income ([≥]1500 JD) were at higher risk of developing anxiety. Conclusions: During outbreaks, individuals are put under extreme stressful condition resulting in higher risk of developing anxiety and depression particularly for students and healthcare professionals. Policymakers and mental healthcare providers are advised to provide further mental support to these vulnerable groups during this pandemic.


id: cord-287196-re4sosff
author: Shahzad, Fakhar
date: 2020-07-15
txt: ./txt/cord-287196-re4sosff.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-287196-re4sosff.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145102
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17145102
summary:
  The results found that the perceived threat of COVID-19 contagion (emotional and cognitive threat) was positively correlated with physiological anxiety, depression, and emotional exhaustion, which led toward agonistic behaviour. Further, perceived social support was a key moderator that negatively affected the relationships between agonistic behaviour and physiological anxiety, depression, and emotional exhaustion. Therefore, our study also examined the moderating role of PSS on the association between selected strain factors (physiological anxiety, depression, and emotional exhaustion) and the agonistic behaviour of frontline paramedics. Moreover, the sequential process of the SSO model has been used to test the theoretical avowals made in this study, which includes how perceived threat of COVID-19 affect the agonistic behaviour of frontline paramedics by creating physiological anxiety, depression, and emotional exhaustion. Our study concludes that the effect of perceived COVID-19 threat on predicting greater levels of physiological anxiety, depression, and emotional exhaustion among frontline healthcare paramedics may contribute to their agonistic behaviour.

title:
  Perceived Threat of COVID-19 Contagion and Frontline Paramedics’ Agonistic Behaviour: Employing a Stressor–Strain–Outcome Perspective

abstract:
  Historically, infectious diseases have been the leading cause of human psychosomatic strain and death tolls. This research investigated the recent threat of COVID-19 contagion, especially its impact among frontline paramedics treating patients with COVID-19, and their perception of self-infection, which ultimately increases their agonistic behaviour. Based on the stressor–strain–outcome paradigm, a research model was proposed and investigated using survey-based data through a structured questionnaire. The results found that the perceived threat of COVID-19 contagion (emotional and cognitive threat) was positively correlated with physiological anxiety, depression, and emotional exhaustion, which led toward agonistic behaviour. Further, perceived social support was a key moderator that negatively affected the relationships between agonistic behaviour and physiological anxiety, depression, and emotional exhaustion. These findings significantly contributed to the current literature concerning COVID-19 and pandemic-related effects on human behaviour. This study also theorized the concept of human agonistic behaviour, which has key implications for future researchers.


id: cord-288568-fjdjuksm
author: Huang, Yuanyuan
date: 2020-08-28
txt: ./txt/cord-288568-fjdjuksm.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-288568-fjdjuksm.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33005165/
doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.568329
summary:
  Therefore, this study aimed to identify the prevalence of anxiety, somatization and insomnia and explore the relationships between different psychological states in the general population during the COVID-19 outbreak. All subjects were evaluated with the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale, the somatization subscale of the Symptom Checklist 90-Revised (SCL-90-R), and the 7-item Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). At present, several studies have reported the prevalence of anxiety, depression, insomnia, and other psychological states in the general population during the epidemic (1, 6-8, 10-12). Therefore, we investigated the public''s mental health during the COVID-19 epidemic and aimed to (1) explore the prevalence of anxiety, somatization, and insomnia in a Chinese population; (2) examine the correlation between physical symptoms and psychological symptoms; and (3) provide a theoretical basis for intervention measures provided by psychologists and the government. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that anxiety, insomnia, and somatic symptoms were common in the general population during the COVID-19 epidemic.

title:
  Prevalence and Correlation of Anxiety, Insomnia and Somatic Symptoms in a Chinese Population During the COVID-19 Epidemic

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Anxiety has been a common mental state during the epidemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and is usually closely related to somatization. However, no study on somatization in anxiety and its relationship with insomnia has been conducted. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the prevalence of anxiety, somatization and insomnia and explore the relationships between different psychological states in the general population during the COVID-19 outbreak. METHODS: A total of 1,172 respondents were recruited from 125 cities in mainland China by an online questionnaire survey. All subjects were evaluated with the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale, the somatization subscale of the Symptom Checklist 90-Revised (SCL-90-R), and the 7-item Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). RESULTS: The percentages of anxiety, somatization, and insomnia were 33.02%, 7.59%, and 24.66%, respectively. The prevalence of somatization was 19.38% in participants with anxiety. Compared to the anxiety without somatization group, the anxiety with somatization group had a significantly higher percentage of patients with a history of physical disease and insomnia, as well as higher GAD-7 scores and SCL-90 somatization subscores (all p < 0.001). The SCL-90 somatization subscores were positively correlated with age, history of physical disease, GAD-7 scores, and ISI scores (all p < 0.001). Furthermore, multivariate logistic regression showed that GAD-7 score, ISI score, and age were risk factors for somatization in the anxious population. CONCLUSIONS: Somatic and psychological symptoms were common in the general population during the COVID-19 outbreak. Somatic symptoms, anxiety, and insomnia are closely related, and improving anxiety and sleep quality may help relieve somatic symptoms.


id: cord-289498-6hf3axps
author: Tull, Matthew T.
date: 2020-08-12
txt: ./txt/cord-289498-6hf3axps.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-289498-6hf3axps.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102290
doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102290
summary:
  This study examined the unique and interactive relations of COVID-19 affective risk assessments (worry about risk for contracting/dying from COVID-19) and intolerance of uncertainty to later health anxiety dimensions. The latter finding was qualified by a significant interaction, such that affective risk assessments were positively associated with anticipated negative consequences of having an illness only among participants with mean and low levels of intolerance of uncertainty. This study sought to examine the unique and interactive prospective relations of COVID-19 affective risk assessments (i.e., worry about risk for contracting or dying from and intolerance of uncertainty to health anxiety one month later. At high levels of intolerance of uncertainty, no significant association was found between COVID-19 affective risk assessments and health anxiety. Specifically, our findings demonstrate that COVID-19 affective risk assessments and intolerance of uncertainty are uniquely associated with various dimensions of health anxiety one month later.

title:
  The Prospective Influence of COVID-19 Affective Risk Assessments and Intolerance of Uncertainty on Later Dimensions of Health Anxiety

abstract:
  The COVID-19 pandemic is likely to increase risk for the development of health anxiety. Given that elevated health anxiety can contribute to maladaptive health behaviors, there is a need to identify individual difference factors that may increase health anxiety risk. This study examined the unique and interactive relations of COVID-19 affective risk assessments (worry about risk for contracting/dying from COVID-19) and intolerance of uncertainty to later health anxiety dimensions. A U.S. community sample of 364 participants completed online self-report measures at a baseline assessment (Time 1) and one month later (Time 2). Time 1 intolerance of uncertainty was uniquely associated with the Time 2 health anxiety dimension of body vigilance. Time 1 affective risk assessments and intolerance of uncertainty were uniquely associated with later perceived likelihood that an illness would be acquired and anticipated negative consequences of an illness. The latter finding was qualified by a significant interaction, such that affective risk assessments were positively associated with anticipated negative consequences of having an illness only among participants with mean and low levels of intolerance of uncertainty. Results speak to the relevance of different risk factors for health anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic and highlight targets for reducing health anxiety risk.


id: cord-291526-aau0hnwx
author: Ge, Fenfen
date: 2020-09-17
txt: ./txt/cord-291526-aau0hnwx.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-291526-aau0hnwx.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32982249/
doi: 10.2147/ndt.s262004
summary:
  We aimed to explore the prevalence rate of probable anxiety and probable insomnia and to find the risk factors among a longitudinal study of undergraduate students using the approach of machine learning. In summary, we aimed to investigate the prevalence rate of probable anxiety and probable insomnia and to confirm the risk factors among undergraduate students during the COVID-19 outbreak. Specifically, it includes psychotic experiences (4 items), suicidal ideation (3 items), the history of anxiety symptoms (4 items), the history of depression symptoms (5 items), paranoia (4 items), inferiority (5 items), sensitivity (4 items), social phobia (4 items), somatization (4 items), dependence (4 items), aggression (4 items), impulsive (4 items), obsession and compulsion (4 items), Internet addiction (5 items), self-injury (4 items), eating problems (4 items), sleeping problem (4 items), school adjustment difficulties (4 items), interpersonal distress (4 items), academic pressure (4 items), employment pressure (4 items) and romantic relationship problems (4 items).

title:
  Predicting Psychological State Among Chinese Undergraduate Students in the COVID-19 Epidemic: A Longitudinal Study Using a Machine Learning

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: The outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) not only caused physical abnormalities, but also caused psychological distress, especially for undergraduate students who are facing the pressure of academic study and work. We aimed to explore the prevalence rate of probable anxiety and probable insomnia and to find the risk factors among a longitudinal study of undergraduate students using the approach of machine learning. METHODS: The baseline data (T1) were collected from freshmen who underwent psychological evaluation at two months after entering the university. At T2 stage (February 10th to 13th, 2020), we used a convenience cluster sampling to assess psychological state (probable anxiety was assessed by general anxiety disorder-7 and probable insomnia was assessed by insomnia severity index-7) based on a web survey. We integrated information attained at T1 stage to predict probable anxiety and probable insomnia at T2 stage using a machine learning algorithm (XGBoost). RESULTS: Finally, we included 2009 students (response rate: 80.36%). The prevalence rate of probable anxiety and probable insomnia was 12.49% and 16.87%, respectively. The XGBoost algorithm predicted 1954 out of 2009 students (translated into 97.3% accuracy) and 1932 out of 2009 students (translated into 96.2% accuracy) who suffered anxiety and insomnia symptoms, respectively. The most relevant variables in predicting probable anxiety included romantic relationship, suicidal ideation, sleep symptoms, and a history of anxiety symptoms. The most relevant variables in predicting probable insomnia included aggression, psychotic experiences, suicidal ideation, and romantic relationship. CONCLUSION: Risks for probable anxiety and probable insomnia among undergraduate students can be identified at an individual level by baseline data. Thus, timely psychological intervention for anxiety and insomnia symptoms among undergraduate students is needed considering the above factors.


id: cord-291709-x9llke60
author: Lin, Yulan
date: 2020-09-22
txt: ./txt/cord-291709-x9llke60.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-291709-x9llke60.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33183846/
doi: 10.1016/j.psym.2020.09.005
summary:
  title: Uncovering physical and attitudinal barriers to adherence to precautions for preventing the transmission of COVID-19 and anxiety level of people in Wuhan: 2 months after the lockdown Using a cut-off score of 44 for the State-Trait Inventory (STAI) score, 79.9% (95%CI 78.2−81.5) of the participants reported moderate to severe anxiety during the early phase of the outbreak and 51.3% (95%CI 49.2−53.3) reported moderate to severe anxiety after the peak of COVID-19 was over (during the study period). The COVID-19 pandemic is presenting a great challenge to the mental wellness of the people 56 in China, especially in Wuhan which was placed under strict lockdown(9).Likewise, the 57 pandemic also causes unprecedented mental health burden in the United States(10), United outbreak revealed that more than half of the public rated the psychological impact as 61 moderate to severe (15). The survey consisted of three sections, which 95 assessed i) demographic background, ii) barriers to prevention measures, iii) negative attitude 96 toward COVID-19, and iv) anxiety levels.

title:
  Uncovering physical and attitudinal barriers to adherence to precautions for preventing the transmission of COVID-19 and anxiety level of people in Wuhan: 2 months after the lockdown

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Wuhan, the epicentre of the coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) outbreak, has been locked down on January 23, 2020. We aimed to investigate the barriers to the physical prevention, negative attitudes and anxiety levels. METHODS: A online cross-sectional survey was conducted with the people living in Wuhan between March 12th and 23rd, 2020. RESULTS: Of a total of 2,411 complete responses, the mean and standard deviation (SD) for the total physical prevention barriers score was 19.73 (SD ± 5.3; range 12−45) out of a possible score of 48. Using a cut-off score of 44 for the State-Trait Inventory (STAI) score, 79.9% (95%CI 78.2−81.5) of the participants reported moderate to severe anxiety during the early phase of the outbreak and 51.3% (95%CI 49.2−53.3) reported moderate to severe anxiety after the peak of COVID-19 was over (during the study period). Comparing anxiety levels in the early phase of the outbreak and after the peak of the outbreak, 58.5% (95%CI 56.5−60.5) recorded a decreased anxiety. Females reported a higher likelihood to have decreased levels of anxiety than males (OR=1.78, 95%CI 1.48−2.14). Low negative attitudes score were associated with a higher decrease in anxiety (OR=1.59, 95% CI 1.33−1.89). CONCLUSIONS: The attitudinal barriers to prevention of transmission of COVID-19 are more prominent than physical prevention barriers after the peak of COVID-19. High anxiety levels even after the peak warrant serious attention.


id: cord-292508-unoeicq0
author: Teshome, Abinet
date: 2020-11-05
txt: ./txt/cord-292508-unoeicq0.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-292508-unoeicq0.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.2147/prbm.s282822
doi: 10.2147/prbm.s282822
summary:
  These factors, together with the fear of being contagious and infecting others, physical exhaustion, inadequate personal equipment, and the need to make ethically difficult decisions on the rationing of care could increase the possibility of psychological issues among HCWs. 9,12-14 A study conducted in China reported that 13% of HCWs experienced anxiety during the fight against COVID-19. 15 Another study conducted on the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health care workers in Singapore reported a 10.8% anxiety prevalence. The findings of this study are timely and would help the local program planners and policymakers to plan appropriate interventions at the early stage to prevent a detrimental psychological outcome of HCWs. Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among health workers working in Gamo, Gofa, Konso, and South Omo Zones of Southern Ethiopia from 20, May to 20, June 2020.

title:
  Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Its Associated Factors Among Health Care Workers Fighting COVID-19 in Southern Ethiopia

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are among the many groups of people who are in the frontline caring for people and facing heavy workloads, life-or-death decisions, risk of infection, and have been facing various psychosocial problems. So, monitoring mental health issues to understand the mediating factors and inform evidence-based interventions in a timely fashion is vital. PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess generalized anxiety disorder and its associated factors among HCWs fighting COVID-19 in Southern Ethiopia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 798 HCWs from 20 May to 20 June 2020. A pre-tested and structured interviewer-administered KOBO collect survey tool was used to collect data. The study participants were selected using a simple random sampling technique by allocating a proportion to each health institute. The association between the level of generalized anxiety disorder and its independent variables was examined by ordinal logistic regression. Assumptions for the proportional odds model were checked using parallel line tests. An adjusted proportional odds ratio with a 95% CI was used to calculate the strength of the statistical association between the independent and dependent variables. RESULTS: The prevalence of mild and moderate anxiety disorder among HCWs was 29.3% and 6.3%, respectively. Contact with confirmed or suspected cases (aPOR =1.97; 95% CI: 1.239, 3.132), no COVID-19 updates (aPOR=4.816, 95% CI=2.957, 7.842), no confidence on coping with stresses (aPOR=2.74, 95% CI=1.633, 4.606), and COVID-19-related worry (aPOR=1.85, 95% CI=1.120, 3.056) were positively associated with higher-order anxiety disorder. However, not feeling overwhelmed by the demands of everyday life (aPOR=0.52, 95% CI=0.370, 0.733) and feeling cannot make it (aPOR=0.44, 95% CI=0.308, 0.626) were negatively associated with a higher order of anxiety. CONCLUSION: The study revealed that the prevalence of anxiety disorder among HCWs was high in the study area. The findings of the current study suggest immediate psychological intervention for health care workers in the study area is vital. Therefore, proactive measures should be taken by the stakeholders at different hierarchies to promote the psychological wellbeing of HCWs in order to control the impact of the pandemic on the HCWs, and containing the pandemic.


id: cord-299567-tlnvqah3
author: Irfan, M.
date: 2020-10-30
txt: ./txt/cord-299567-tlnvqah3.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-299567-tlnvqah3.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.27.20220723v1?rss=1
doi: 10.1101/2020.10.27.20220723
summary:
  This article examines the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) upon university students anxiety level and finds the factors associated with the anxiety disorder in Malaysia. Whereas, age above than 20 years (OR= 1.30, 95% CI= 0.96-1.75), ethnicity Chinese (OR=1.72, 95% CI= 0.95-3.1), any other disease (OR=2.0, 95% CI=1.44-2.79), decreased family income (OR=1.71, 95% CI=1.34-2.17), more time spent on watching COVID-19 related news (OR=1.52, 95% CI=1.17-1.97), and infected relative or friends (OR=1.62, 95% CI=1.06-2.50) were risk factors for anxiety among students. The sudden change in the mode of teaching due to the potential risk of death caused by COVID-19, isolation, and lockdown have increased the anxiety level and created extreme stress to the general public [4] and students alike [5] The abnormal stress and depression amongst students not only affect their performance but also is associated with heightened self-injury and suicidal attempts [6] .

title:
  The psychological impact of coronavirus on university students and its socio-economic determinants in Malaysia

abstract:
  This article examines the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) upon university students anxiety level and finds the factors associated with the anxiety disorder in Malaysia. We collected data from 958 students from 16 different universities using an originally designed questionnaire. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale 7-item (GAD-7) was used to estimate the anxiety. We find that 12.3% students were normal, whereas 30.5% were experiencing mild, 31.1% moderate,and 26.1% severe anxiety. Surprisingly, only 37.2% of students were aware of mental health support which was provided by their universities. Moreover,it was found that gender as male (Odds Ratio (OR= 0.798, 95% Confidence Interval (CI)= 0.61-1.04)) and having internet access (OR = 0.44, 95% CI= 0.24-0.80) were alleviating factors for the anxiety. Whereas, age above than 20 years (OR= 1.30, 95% CI= 0.96-1.75), ethnicity Chinese (OR=1.72, 95% CI= 0.95-3.1), any other disease (OR=2.0, 95% CI=1.44-2.79), decreased family income (OR=1.71, 95% CI=1.34-2.17), more time spent on watching COVID-19 related news (OR=1.52, 95% CI=1.17-1.97), and infected relative or friends (OR=1.62, 95% CI=1.06-2.50) were risk factors for anxiety among students. We suggest that the government of Malaysia should monitor the mental health of the university students more closely and universities should open online mental health support clinics to avoid the adverse impacts of the anxiety disorder.


id: cord-308300-p9jyyt08
title: Anxiety Disorders, Climate Change, and the Challenges Ahead: Introduction to the Special Issue
author: Taylor, Steven
date: 2020-09-22
txt: ./txt/cord-308300-p9jyyt08.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-308300-p9jyyt08.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0887618520301274
doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102313
summary:
  Climate change involves (1) increases in the prevalence of extreme weather events (e.g., wildfires, floods, hurricanes), (2) more gradual climatic changes (e.g., rising sea levels, desertification), and (3) increased risks of pandemics and other widespread disease outbreaks. Three types of interventions are needed to address the various types of climate-related anxiety: (1) programs that motivate people to overcome anxious passivity and thereby take action to mitigate the effects of climate change, (2) treatment programs that address anxiety associated with exposure to climatic stressors, and (3) programs that build resilience at an individual and community level, to help people better cope with the challenges ahead. In summary, the co-occurrence of pandemics or other disease outbreaks during climaterelated stressors, such as extreme weather events, will seriously compound the stressors that people may experience, thereby increasing the risk for anxiety disorders and related clinical conditions such as PTSD.

abstract:
  Climate change involves (1) increases in the prevalence of extreme weather events (e.g., wildfires, floods, hurricanes), (2) more gradual climatic changes (e.g., rising sea levels, desertification), and (3) increased risks of pandemics and other widespread disease outbreaks. Anxiety evoked by the threat of climate change can be either adaptive or maladaptive. Adaptive anxiety can motivate climate activism, such as efforts to reduce one’s carbon footprint. Maladaptive anxiety can take the form of anxious passivity, where the person feels anxious but incapable of addressing the problem of climate change, and may take the form of an anxiety disorder triggered or exacerbated by climatic stressors. Such stressors may involve exposure to extreme weather events or may involve exposure to other stressors such as forced migration due to rising sea levels or desertification. Three types of interventions are needed to address the various types of climate-related anxiety: (1) programs that motivate people to overcome anxious passivity and thereby take action to mitigate the effects of climate change, (2) treatment programs that address anxiety associated with exposure to climatic stressors, and (3) programs that build resilience at an individual and community level, to help people better cope with the challenges ahead.


id: cord-310592-he6wquwj
author: Drummond, Lynne M.
date: 2020-09-03
txt: ./txt/cord-310592-he6wquwj.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-310592-he6wquwj.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32878678/
doi: 10.1192/bjb.2020.102
summary:
  For a diagnosis of anxiety disorder or depression to be made, an individual should be experiencing a range of symptoms associated with the anxiety and depression, and the symptoms should be apparent for a period of time (not just hours or minutes but weeks or months) and sufficiently severe that they interfere with the person''s ability to function fully in their home, work, social or private leisure settings. A questionnaire asking about mental disorders found that 21.2% had received a diagnosis of depression at some time in their lives and 14% had been diagnosed with anxiety. Given that we are facing an unknown and unseen threat to our health and survival, it is unsurprising that there have been increased numbers of people complaining of symptoms of stress, anxiety and depression. It is therefore not surprising that there is an increase in the symptoms of anxiety and depression in the general population, particularly in people working in front-line healthcare.

title:
  Does coronavirus pose a challenge to the diagnoses of anxiety and depression? A view from psychiatry

abstract:
  Some authors have suggested that the emergence of the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, and the subsequent pandemic has meant that the constructs of pathological anxiety and depression are meaningless owing to widespread anxiety and depressive symptoms. This paper examines what is required to make a diagnosis of a depressive or anxiety disorder and how this may differ from fleeting symptomatology in response to specific situations or stimuli. All people experience the emotions of both anxiety and depression, but far fewer have a persistent anxiety or depressive syndrome which interferes with their quality of life and functioning. The pandemic and its issues are then discussed, and existing studies examining the reactions of people living through the pandemic are presented. Finally, the paper examines possible ways to cope at times of increased stress and how we can try to protect ourselves from long-term mental health sequelae of chronic stress.


id: cord-318363-1mv5j4w2
title: Psychological, addictive, and health behavior implications of the COVID-19 pandemic
author: Zvolensky, Michael J.
date: 2020-08-27
txt: ./txt/cord-318363-1mv5j4w2.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-318363-1mv5j4w2.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2020.103715
doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2020.103715
summary:
  Additional risk factors for the development or exacerbation of PTSD symptoms include a prior history of trauma or mental health disturbances, depressed or anxious mood, significant concurrent life stressors (e.g., financial problems, job loss, relationship stress), low social connectedness or support, sleep disturbance, substance use, and emotional numbing or detachment (Colvonen, Straus, Acheson, & Gehrman, 2019; Cusack et al., 2019; Germain, McKeon, & Campbell, 2017; Hancock & Bryant, 2018; Shalev et al., 2019; Steenkamp et al., 2017; Vujanovic & Back, 2019) . That is, a specific type of individual difference factor like anxiety sensitivity is linked to a particular type of problem (e.g., anxiety disorder, worsening of a chronic respiratory illness, severity of hazardous drinking) via a specified mediating process (e.g., smoking, sleep disruption) in the context of certain moderating variables (e.g., higher levels of COVID-19 stress burden).

abstract:
  • The public health impact of COVID-19 on psychological symptoms and disorders, addiction, and health behavior is substantial and ongoing. • An integrative COVID-19 stress-based model could be used to guide research focused on the stress-related burden of the pandemic. • This work could provide a theoretical and empirical knowledge base for future pandemics.


id: cord-320603-pus087p8
author: Ning, Xianjun
date: 2020-09-05
txt: ./txt/cord-320603-pus087p8.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-320603-pus087p8.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32891124/
doi: 10.1186/s12888-020-02838-z
summary:
  The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence and influencing factors on anxiety and depression in neurological healthcare workers in Hunan Province, China during the early stage of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. Logistic regression analysis showed that a shortage of protective equipment was independently associated with probable anxiety (OR = 1.980, 95% CI: 1.241–3.160, P = 0.004), while young age was a risk factor for probable depression (OR = 2.293, 95% CI: 1.137–4.623, P = 0.020) among neurological healthcare workers. Unlike medical workers who are fighting on the front line, doctors and nurses in neurology departments may be less likely to receive training, including diagnostic testing for COVID-19, responses to infectious diseases, and appropriate donning and removal of personnel protective equipment [21] . This is the first study to report the prevalence of probable anxiety and depression among neurological doctors and nurses in Hunan Province during the COVID-19 outbreak.

title:
  The mental health of neurological doctors and nurses in Hunan Province, China during the initial stages of the COVID-19 outbreak

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Neurological symptoms are increasingly being noted among COVID-19 patients. Currently, there is little data on the mental health of neurological healthcare workers. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence and influencing factors on anxiety and depression in neurological healthcare workers in Hunan Province, China during the early stage of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. METHODS: An online cross-sectional study was conducted among neurological doctors and nurses in early February 2020 in Hunan Province. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were assessed by the Chinese version of the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) (defined as a total score ≥ 50) and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) (defined as a total score ≥ 53). The prevalences of probable anxiety and depression were compared between different groups, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to understand the independent influencing factors on anxiety and depression. RESULTS: The prevalence of probable anxiety and depression in neurological nurses (20.3 and 30.2%, respectively) was higher than that in doctors (12.6 and 20.2%, respectively). Female healthcare workers (18.4%) had a higher proportion of anxiety than males (10.8%). Probable anxiety and depression were more prevalent among nurses, younger workers (≤ 40 years), and medical staff with junior titles. Logistic regression analysis showed that a shortage of protective equipment was independently associated with probable anxiety (OR = 1.980, 95% CI: 1.241–3.160, P = 0.004), while young age was a risk factor for probable depression (OR = 2.293, 95% CI: 1.137–4.623, P = 0.020) among neurological healthcare workers. CONCLUSIONS: Probable anxiety and depression were more prevalent among neurological nurses than doctors in Hunan Province. The shortage of protective equipment led to probable anxiety, and young age led to probable depression in healthcare workers in neurology departments, which merits attention during the battle against COVID-19.


id: cord-321193-c0g999r1
title: Anxiety and public responses to covid-19: Early data from Thailand
author: Goodwin, Robin
date: 2020-06-30
txt: ./txt/cord-321193-c0g999r1.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-321193-c0g999r1.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.06.026
doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.06.026
summary:
  We examined anxiety, symptom awareness, trust and associated behavioural responses in the first three weeks of the SARS-CoV-2 (covid-19) outbreak in Thailand. In common with other coronavirus outbreaks 36 including SARS (Washer, 2004) , and influenza strain H1N1 (''swine flu'') (Goodwin et al, 2011) , anxiety 37 associated with the virus has contributed towards societal disruption in Thailand, as community 38 relations become strained, and groups associated with the epidemic suffer discrimination (Boolert, Participants. Table 1 shows the most common responses to open-ended questions on 80 symptoms, preventive behaviours, and trust in information sources. Controlling for sex and age grouping those most anxious were more 90 likely to avoid crowds, Chinese people, those coughing, and public transport/flying. We report data on awareness of 104 symptoms, anxiety, trust and associated behavioural responses three to five weeks into the epidemic 105 in this country. Anxiety and trust towards different information 125 sources were associated with preventive health and economic behaviours.

abstract:
  Any new pandemic has the potential to arouse considerable anxiety, with this anxiety associated in previous work with economic disruption and societal disruption. We examined anxiety, symptom awareness, trust and associated behavioural responses in the first three weeks of the SARS-CoV-2 (covid-19) outbreak in Thailand. We collected data on-street at randomly selected locations in Bangkok. Of 274 potential respondents, 203 (74.7%) responded. A four-item measure assessed anxiety, with open-ended questions assessing knowledge of symptoms, trusted information sources and measures taken to avoid infection. Respondents reported good awareness of the prime symptoms of the Coronovirus. Binary logistic regressions controlling for sex and age found the more anxious avoided the Chinese, people who were coughing, crowded places and public transport or flying. Younger respondents reported greater trust in foreign media and older populations information from national government. Trust in doctors online was positively associated with handwashing, avoidance of coughing people and keeping fit; trust in national government with avoiding coughing people, keeping fit, avoiding public transport and avoiding Chinese people. We conclude that anxiety can motivate both desirable and undesirable behaviours during pandemic outbreaks. Effective and targeted communication by trusted sources is needed to motivate preventive actions but also limit unnecessary or disruptive behaviours.


id: cord-323789-mb3qdfj5
title: Pandemic-related pregnancy stress and anxiety among women pregnant during the COVID-19 pandemic
author: Preis, Heidi
date: 2020-06-15
txt: ./txt/cord-323789-mb3qdfj5.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-323789-mb3qdfj5.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589933320300999?v=s5
doi: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100155
abstract: nan
summary:
  key: cord-323789-mb3qdfj5 authors: Preis, Heidi; Mahaffey, Brittain; Heiselman, Cassandra; Lobel, Marci title: Pandemic-related pregnancy stress and anxiety among women pregnant during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-15 journal: Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100155 cord_uid: mb3qdfj5 Prenatal maternal stress and anxiety, whether at times of disaster or not, are well-7 established risk factors for preterm birth, low birth weight, infant health problems, and may have 8 long lasting effects on offspring. 1, 2 Approximately 21%-25% of women experience prenatal 9 anxiety symptoms (e.g., excessive worry, nervousness, agitation). Analysis on a random half of the sample confirmed its three constituent factors: Preparedness 31 Stress (7 items; e.g., "I am worried I will not be able to have someone with me during the 32 delivery"), Perinatal Infection Stress (5 items; e.g., "I am worried that my baby could get Step 1 Step 3 Step 3 Disasters and perinatal health: A systematic review


id: cord-332733-rnq4z2yz
author: Su, Jinghua
date: 2020-07-23
txt: ./txt/cord-332733-rnq4z2yz.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-332733-rnq4z2yz.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2020.59
doi: 10.1192/bjo.2020.59
summary:
  Higher anxiety levels in community residents was associated with the presence of individuals with COVID-19 in the same building; a longer time spent each day gathering information about the virus; and choosing social media as their preferred source of information. The aim of this survey was to explore the prevalence of anxiety among community residents in Guangzhou city, the third biggest city in China, and its association with proximity to people with COVID-19, information overload and information sources. We collected data on participants'' demographic characteristics, proximity to COVID-19 cases, time spent collecting information about coronavirus, favourite methods to obtain information, worry about COVID-19 and anxiety. Proximity to patients with COVID-19, time spent on collecting information about coronavirus and preferring to use social media as their information source were included in the multivariate analysis. Anxiety was not associated with demographic characteristics in our study, which indicates the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic may be universal in community residents.

title:
  Proximity to people with COVID-19 and anxiety among community residents during the epidemic in Guangzhou, China

abstract:
  The recent outbreak of a novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) may have acute psychological consequences, both in relation to the impact of the virus itself and the restrictions imposed to tackle its spread. We conducted an online survey of 403 residents in Guangzhou, China. We found the prevalence of anxiety (defined as Generalized Anxiety Disorder–7 score ≥5) was 37.7%, and anxiety was significantly and moderately correlated with worry about COVID-19. Higher anxiety levels in community residents was associated with the presence of individuals with COVID-19 in the same building; a longer time spent each day gathering information about the virus; and choosing social media as their preferred source of information. Our findings provide an insight into the psychological support and guidance about information sources that are required in this type of public health emergency.


id: cord-333224-grjbz5u7
author: Effati-Daryani, Fatemeh
date: 2020-09-22
txt: ./txt/cord-333224-grjbz5u7.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-333224-grjbz5u7.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-020-00464-8
doi: 10.1186/s40359-020-00464-8
summary:
  Based on the adjusted general linear model, and by adjusting other variables, the four variables of spouse''s educational level, spouse''s support, marital life satisfaction and number of pregnancies were significantly associated with the anxiety score (P < 0.05) and were able to predict 19.0% of anxiety score variance in pregnant women during the prevalence of COVID-19. Based on the adjusted general linear model, and by adjusting other variables, the variables of spouse''s level of education, sufficiency of household income, spouse''s support and marital life satisfaction have a significant relationship with stress score (P < 0.05) and it was possible to predict 21.6% of stress score variance in pregnant women during the prevalence of COVID-19 (Table 3 ). In the present study, marital life satisfaction and a high level of spousal education and income were associated with reduced symptoms of stress and anxiety in pregnant women.

title:
  Depression, stress, anxiety and their predictors in Iranian pregnant women during the outbreak of COVID-19

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: Pregnancy as a sensitive period of a woman’s life can be affected by various psychological factors that can have adverse effects on the woman, her fetus and future baby. Since COVID-19 is a new phenomenon with limited information available, it may have adverse psychological effects on pregnant women. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the status of depression, stress, anxiety and their predictors in Iranian pregnant women during the outbreak of COVID-19. METHODS: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was performed on 205 pregnant women covered by Tabriz health centers in Iran. The sampling method used was cluster sampling. The data collection tool was the socio-demographic characteristics questionnaire and the DASS-21 (Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21), which were completed online by pregnant women. The general linear model was used to determine the predictive factors of depression, anxiety and stress. RESULTS: The mean (SD) score of depression, stress, and anxiety were 3.91 (3.9), 6.22 (4.25), and 3.79 (3.39), respectively; the score range of 0 to 21. Depression, stress, and anxiety symptoms were observed in 32.7, 32.7, and 43.9% of the participants, respectively, with varying degrees from mild to very severe. Based on the adjusted general linear model, variables of education level, spouse’s job and marital life satisfaction were the predictors of depressive symptoms. Variables of spouse’s education level, spouse’s support, marital life satisfaction and the number of pregnancies were the predictive factors of anxiety symptoms and the variables of spouse’s education level, household income sufficiency, spouse’s support and marital life satisfaction were predictors of stress symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the role of marital life satisfaction, high level of spouse’s education and income in reducing symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression in pregnant women in critical situations such as the prevalence of COVID-19, it seems that using strategies to promote marital life satisfaction and socio-economic status can play an effective role in controlling anxiety and reducing stress and depression in pregnant women.


id: cord-337530-qgv29qql
title: Sleep quality and mental health in the context of COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown in Morocco
author: Idrissi, Abdelkrim Janati
date: 2020-08-12
txt: ./txt/cord-337530-qgv29qql.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-337530-qgv29qql.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2020.07.045
doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.07.045
summary:
  • High prevalence of sleep disorders, anxiety, and depressive signs were found in COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown. Variables with P ≤ 0.20 on univariate analysis were taken into account in the multivariate logistic regression model to assess the potential factors influencing depressive symptoms, anxiety, and sleep quality during the COVID-19 lockdown stage. Accurate beliefs about sleep prevent respondents from insomnia (p<0.001), daytime sleepiness (p<0.001), anxiety (p<0.001), and depressive symptoms (p<0.001) ( Table 3 ). Before the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown, the prevalence of sleep disorders, anxiety, and depression in Morocco was 18.6%, 4.5%, and 4.5%, respectively [19, 20, 21] . In China, the overall prevalence of anxiety disorders, depressive symptoms, and sleep quality of the public during the lockdown period were 35.1%, 20.1%, and 18.2%, respectively [22] . Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms, and sleep quality during the COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey

abstract:
  • High prevalence of sleep disorders, anxiety, and depressive signs were found in COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown. • False believes on sleep concepts were assessed. • Such false believes were presenting a risk factor of sleep disorders, anxiety, and depression. • A program of sensitization should be initiated to fight against false sleep beliefs. • Valuing protection procedures of health workers and all high-risk people. • Offer better access to provided psychological support through dedicated setup.


id: cord-342496-4na1e2de
title: Anxiety and coping strategies among nursing students during the covid-19 pandemic
author: Savitsky, Bella
date: 2020-06-02
txt: ./txt/cord-342496-4na1e2de.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-342496-4na1e2de.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32679465/
doi: 10.1016/j.nepr.2020.102809
summary:
  In Israel during the covid-19 pandemic and mandatory lockdown, nursing students encountered a new reality of economic uncertainty, fear of infection, challenges of distance education, lack of personal protection equipment (PPE) at work etc. The objective of this study was to assess levels of anxiety and ways of coping among nursing students in the Ashkelon Academic College, Southern District, Israel. The objective of this study was to assess level of anxiety and ways of coping during the period of covid-19 pandemic and identify association of coping strategies with characteristics of the students among nursing students in the Ashkelon Academic College, Southern District, Israel. Students who were more concerned with the future continuation of this academic year had a significantly higher anxiety score (median=9, IQR:6.0-14.0) than those who were concerned at a low or moderate level (median=7, IQR:2.0-12.0) (p value of Mann-Whitney non-parametric test=0.024) (data is not presented in the Table) .

abstract:
  Anxiety is highly prevalent among nursing students even in normal circumstances. In Israel during the covid-19 pandemic and mandatory lockdown, nursing students encountered a new reality of economic uncertainty, fear of infection, challenges of distance education, lack of personal protection equipment (PPE) at work etc. The objective of this study was to assess levels of anxiety and ways of coping among nursing students in the Ashkelon Academic College, Southern District, Israel. A cross-sectional study was conducted among all 244 students in the nursing department during the third week of a national lockdown. Anxiety level was assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Scale with a cut-off point of 10 for moderate and of 15 for severe anxiety. Factor analysis was used to identify coping components. The prevalence of moderate and severe anxiety was 42.8% and 18.1% respectively. Gender, lack of PPE, parental status, and fear of infection were significantly associated with a higher anxiety score. Stronger self-esteem and usage of humor were associated with significantly lower anxiety levels, while mental disengagement with higher anxiety levels. The nursing department's staff may contribute in lowering student anxiety by staying in contact with students and encouraging and supporting them through this challenging period.


id: cord-349219-tl97bj42
author: Rayhan Arusha, Anowara
date: 2020-07-18
txt: ./txt/cord-349219-tl97bj42.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-349219-tl97bj42.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0190740920309786?v=s5
doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105254
summary:
  Several contributing factors of stress, anxiety, and depression among students were identified in literature including sex, strained relationships, family and peer pressure, high parental expectation, lack of financial support and hardships, sleep deprivation, future worries, loneliness, longer screen time, toxic psychological environment, academic pressure, workload, size of the academic curriculum, and heavy test schedules (Brenneisen Mayer et al., 2016; Abdel Wahed and Hassan, 2017; Saeed et al., 2018; Silva and Figueiredo-Braga, 2018; ul Haq et al., 2018; Mamun and Griffiths, 2019) . To contribute to that gap, the present study investigated the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among Bangladeshi students and their associated risk factors with respect to socio-demographics and lifestyle measures. The objective of the study was to identify factors that affect the mental health of students due to examinations, particularly the socio-demographic and psychological factors using a survey conducted in Dhaka, Bangladesh in 2020.

title:
  Prevalence of Stress, Anxiety and Depression due to Examination in Bangladeshi Youths: A Pilot Study

abstract:
  An estimated 25% people suffer from mental health disorders worldwide. Almost 7 million suffer from anxiety and depression in Bangladesh. There are several factors that can cause stress among youths, both academic and non-academic, ranging from socioeconomic, environmental, cultural and psychological attributes. However, these are not widely researched in Bangladesh. This study identified the factors that affect the mental health of students due to examinations in Bangladesh, particularly the socio-demographic, lifestyle and psychological factors. An online cross-sectional survey was conducted on May 2020 with a sample size of 210 tertiary level students in Dhaka. A modified DASS-21 was used to measure stress, anxiety and depression scores related to examination. Binary logistic model showed that those who lived with family, spent time with parents, had regular sufficient (self-assessed) sleeps and consumed balanced (self-assessed) diets had significantly lower stress, anxiety, and depression. Balanced lifestyle with greater social bonding might help to better equip youths to reduce stress, anxiety, and depression during examination, which could be an avenue for future intervention studies.


id: cord-349836-m9b65l75
title: Anxiety and perceived risk during COVID-19 outbreak
author: Malhotra, C.
date: 2020-07-24
txt: ./txt/cord-349836-m9b65l75.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-349836-m9b65l75.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.24.20161315
doi: 10.1101/2020.07.24.20161315
summary:
  Results from path analysis showed that younger participants, those with chronic conditions, those living with children and low perceived trust in government response to COVID-19 had a significantly higher anxiety mediated by their perceived risk of dying upon getting COVID-19. Results from our final model (Figure 1 ) showed that those with -more chronic conditions, living with children and a lower perceived trust in government response to COVID-19 had significantly higher anxiety, which was mediated by their perceived risk of dying upon getting COVID-19. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.24.20161315 doi: medRxiv preprint outcomes due to COVID-19 to the general public to help people clearly understand their risks and steps they can take to minimize this risk. In conclusion, we find high anxiety among younger adults, those with chronic conditions, living with children and with low trust in the government response to control the outbreak.

abstract:
  The uncertainty around coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has triggered anxiety among public. We aimed to assess the variation in anxiety and risk perceptions of COVID-19 among adults in Singapore. We administered a web-survey to a panel of residents between 31 March and 14 April 2020. We assessed anxiety using general anxiety disorder (GAD) scale and assessed participants risk perceptions regarding severity of the outbreak. Of the 1,017 participants, 23% reported moderate to severe anxiety (GAD score above 10). A high proportion reported perceived likelihood of ICU admission (46%) and death (30%) upon getting COVID-19. Results from path analysis showed that younger participants, those with chronic conditions, those living with children and low perceived trust in government response to COVID-19 had a significantly higher anxiety mediated by their perceived risk of dying upon getting COVID-19. These results highlight the need for management of anxiety through adequate and effective risk communication for the general public.


id: cord-350000-eqn3kl5p
author: Drissi, Nidal
date: 2020-07-30
txt: ./txt/cord-350000-eqn3kl5p.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-350000-eqn3kl5p.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32768994/
doi: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2020.104243
summary:
  The objective of this study is to provide an analysis of treatment and management-related functionality and characteristics of high-rated mobile applications (apps) for anxiety, which are available for Android and iOS systems. Results also showed that 51% of the selected apps used various gamification features to motivate users to keep using them, 32% provided social features including chat, communication with others and links to sources of help; 46% offered offline availability; and only 19% reported involvement of mental health professionals in their design. This study aims to analyze the functionality and characteristics of highly 5 J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f rated anxiety apps to identify users'' preferred features and management methods delivered for anxiety with a smartphone or a tablet.

title:
  An Analysis on Self-Management and Treatment-related Functionality and Characteristics of Highly Rated Anxiety Apps

abstract:
  BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Anxiety is a common emotion that people often feel in certain situations. But when the feeling of anxiety is persistent and interferes with a person's day to day life then this may likely be an anxiety disorder. Anxiety disorders are a common issue worldwide and can fall under general anxiety, panic attacks, and social anxiety among others. They can be disabling and can impact all aspects of an individual's life, including work, education, and personal relationships. It is important that people with anxiety receive appropriate care, which in some cases may prove difficult due to mental health care delivery barriers such as cost, stigma, or distance from mental health services. A potential solution to this could be mobile mental health applications. These can serve as effective and promising tools to assist in the management of anxiety and to overcome some of the aforementioned barriers. The objective of this study is to provide an analysis of treatment and management-related functionality and characteristics of high-rated mobile applications (apps) for anxiety, which are available for Android and iOS systems. METHOD: A broad search was performed in the Google Play Store and App Store following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) protocol to identify existing apps for anxiety. A set of free and highly rated apps for anxiety were identified and the selected apps were then installed and analyzed according to a predefined data extraction strategy. RESULTS: A total of 167 anxiety apps were selected (123 Android apps and 44 iOS apps). Besides anxiety, the selected apps addressed several health issues including stress, depression, sleep issues, and eating disorders. The apps adopted various treatment and management approaches such as meditation, breathing exercises, mindfulness and cognitive behavioral therapy. Results also showed that 51% of the selected apps used various gamification features to motivate users to keep using them, 32% provided social features including chat, communication with others and links to sources of help; 46% offered offline availability; and only 19% reported involvement of mental health professionals in their design. CONCLUSIONS: Anxiety apps incorporate various mental health care management methods and approaches. Apps can serve as promising tools to assist large numbers of people suffering from general anxiety or from anxiety disorders, anytime, anywhere, and particularly in the current COVID-19 pandemic.


id: cord-351057-xrv3k1fo
author: Alenazi, Thamer H.
date: 2020-10-05
txt: ./txt/cord-351057-xrv3k1fo.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-351057-xrv3k1fo.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33032969/
doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.09.001
summary:
  In a review of 14 studies of the psychological burden of COVID-19 pandemic on medical and non-medical hospital staff, significant stress and anxiety symptoms were reported by the surveyed staff [11] . Our study aimed to explore the prevalence of anxiety and the main predictors for high anxiety levels among HCWs in Saudi Arabia during the current COVID-19 pandemic. This study surveyed a large sample of HCWs working in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic and evaluated their level of anxiety during this time. Organizational factors that were related to increased anxiety levels were lack of regular communication and updates from the organization, insufficient and unsatisfactory quality of information about COVID-19, lack of access to COVID-19 testing for the staff, and lack of a crisis management plan; These findings are consistent with other studies looking at the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of HCWs [16, 17] .

title:
  Prevalence and predictors of anxiety among healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic

abstract:
  BACKGROUND: During pandemics, healthcare workers (HCWs) may be prone to higher levels of anxiety than those of the general population. This study aimed to explore the anxiety levels among HCWs in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic and the predictors of increased anxiety levels. METHOD: HCW participants in this cross-section study were solicited by email from the database of registered practitioners of the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties between 15 May and 18 May 2020. Sociodemographic characteristics, work-related factors, and organization-related factors were collected. RESULTS: Four thousand nine hundred and twenty HCWs (3.4%) responded. Reported levels of anxiety were low anxiety (31.5%; n = 1552), medium (36.1%; n = 1778), and high (32.3%; n = 1590). Participants reporting high anxiety levels were more likely to be unmarried (OR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.14–1.52); nurses (OR = 1.54, 95% 1.24–1.91); workers in radiology (OR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.01–2.28); or respiratory therapists (OR = 2.28, 95% CI: 1.14–4.54). Social factors associated with high anxiety levels were: living with a person who is elderly (p = 0.01), has a chronic disease (p < 0.0001), has immune deficiency (p < 0.0001), or has a respiratory disease (p-value <0.0001). Organization-related factors associated with a high level of anxiety were: working in an organization that hosts COVID-19 patients and working with such patients (p-value <0.0001). CONCLUSION: Self-reported medium and high levels of anxiety were present in 68.5% of HCWs in the COVID-19 pandemic. This highlights the urgent need to identify high-risk individuals to offer psychological support and provide up to date information on the pandemic. These data should help policymakers drive initiatives forward to protect and prepare HCWs psychological wellbeing.


id: cord-353592-gsvobusu
author: Luceño-Moreno, Lourdes
date: 2020-07-30
txt: ./txt/cord-353592-gsvobusu.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-353592-gsvobusu.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32751624/
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17155514
summary:
  Due to the importance of understanding how the disease affects these professionals, the researchers of this study collected information related to demographic variables, associated with the job, changes of residence, possible contact with people during work, COVID-19 tests, hospitalization, isolation, protective equipment, concern over becoming infected, concern that a family member and/or someone with whom they are living may be infected. Finally, linear regression models were used to see which variables (demographic, work, COVID-19, burnout and resilience) were jointly related to symptoms of posttraumatic stress, anxiety and depression. Analyses were carried out to evaluate the proportion of health care cases with symptoms associated with possible posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression and burnout at their different severity levels. This research aimed to assess the symptoms of posttraumatic stress, anxiety, depression, burnout and resilience in Spanish health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

title:
  Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress, Anxiety, Depression, Levels of Resilience and Burnout in Spanish Health Personnel during the COVID-19 Pandemic

abstract:
  The number of health workers infected with COVID-19 in Spain is one of the highest in the world. The aim of this study is to analyse posttraumatic stress, anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. Associations between burnout, resilience, demographic, work and COVID-19 variables are analysed. Cross-sectional data on 1422 health workers were analysed. A total of 56.6% of health workers present symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, 58.6% anxiety disorder, 46% depressive disorder and 41.1% feel emotionally drained. The profile of a health worker with greater posttraumatic stress symptoms would be a person who works in the Autonomous Community of Madrid, in a hospital, is a woman, is concerned that a person he/she lives with may be infected, and thinks that he/she is very likely to be infected. The risk variables for anxiety and depression would be a person that is a woman, working 12- or 24-h shifts, and being worried that a family member could be infected. High scores on emotional exhaustion and depersonalization are risk factors for mental health, with resilience and personal fulfilment being protective variables. Data are provided to improve preventive measures for occupational health workers.


id: cord-355015-e681jmix
author: Cici, Remziye
date: 2020-08-10
txt: ./txt/cord-355015-e681jmix.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-355015-e681jmix.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32776563/
doi: 10.1111/ppc.12601
summary:
  PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the anxiety level of candidate nurses and capture their perspective on the nursing profession in light of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. The candidate''s perspective on the profession was captured with help of two survey questions: first, "What was your perspective on the nursing profession before and during the COVID-19 pandemic?", to which the answer choices were "positive," "negative," and "undecided." The second question asked, "Are you willing to practice your profession in the future?" and the answer choices were "yes" and "no." Self-assessments of the influence of the pandemic on mental health and the fear with regard to the risk of contagion were also captured with questions with the answers "yes and no." In summary, in our study, it was found that anxiety levels increased due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and perspectives on the profession showed a negative trend due to the pandemic among candidate nurses. Determination of anxiety levels and perspectives on the nursing profession among candidate nurses with relation to the COVID-19 pandemic

title:
  Determination of anxiety levels and perspectives on the nursing profession among candidate nurses with relation to the COVID‐19 pandemic

abstract:
  PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the anxiety level of candidate nurses and capture their perspective on the nursing profession in light of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. DESIGN AND METHODS: This descriptive study consisted of 322 nursing students in Turkey after the pandemic announcement of the World Health Organization. A web‐based survey was used and anxiety levels was determined via State Anxiety Scale and Beck Anxiety Inventory. FINDINGS: Positive perspectives (63.4%) on the nursing profession before the pandemic decreased to 50.6%, whereas the negative (26.7%), and the undecided (9.9%) perspectives increased to 32.3% and 17.1%, of the total respectively. A significant increase was found in the anxiety scores with negative perspectives combined with an unwillingness to practice their profession in the future (P < .05). PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Pregraduate training should be provided to candidate nurses about pandemic nursing and professional difficulties they may possibly encounter in infection epidemics.


id: cord-355776-f8u66hbt
title: Response to the COVID-19 Outbreak in Urban Settings in China
author: Ni, Zhao
date: 2020-09-09
txt: ./txt/cord-355776-f8u66hbt.txt
cache: ./cache/cord-355776-f8u66hbt.txt
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
url: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-71833/v1
doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-71833/v1
summary:
  Independent correlates of having anxiety symptoms included being a healthcare provider (aOR=1.58, p <0.01), living in regions with a higher density of COVID-19 cases (aOR=2.13, p <0.01), having completed college (aOR=1.38, p =0.03), meeting screening criteria for depression (aOR=6.03, p <0.01) and poorer perceived health status (aOR=1.54, p <0.01). Not only did they markedly increase their selfand community-protective behaviors, but they also experienced high levels of anxiety associated with a heightened vulnerability like depression, having poor perceived health, and the potential of increased exposure to COVID-19 such as living closer to the epicenter of the pandemic. Unlike the other survey that found younger age (<35 years) and time spent (>3 hours daily) focusing on COVID-19, our assessment of urban dwellers found that GAD was correlated with being a healthcare worker, living in region more profoundly impacted by COVID-19, having poorer self-perceived health status, having a college education and having moderate to severe depression.

abstract:
  The COVID-19 outbreak in China was devastating, and spread throughout the country before being contained. Stringent physical distancing recommendations and shelter-in-place were first introduced in the hardest-hit provinces, and by March, these recommendations were uniform throughout the country. In the presence of an evolving and deadly pandemic, we sought to investigate the impact of this pandemic on individual well-being and prevention practices among Chinese urban residents. From March 2-11, 2020, 4,607 individuals were recruited from 11 provinces with varying numbers of COVID-19 casers using the social networking app WeChat to complete a brief, anonymous, online survey. The analytical sample was restricted to 2,551 urban residents. Standardized scales measured generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), the primary outcome. Multiple logistic regression was conducted to identify correlates of GAD alongside assessment of community practices in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. We found that during the COVID-19 pandemic, recommended public health practices significantly (p <0.001) increased, including wearing facial mask, practicing physical distancing, handwashing, decreased public spitting, and going outside in urban communities. Overall, 40.3% of participants met screening criteria for GAD and 49.3%, 62.6%, and 55.4% reported that their work, social life, and family life were interrupted by anxious feelings, respectively. Independent correlates of having anxiety symptoms included being a healthcare provider (aOR=1.58, p <0.01), living in regions with a higher density of COVID-19 cases (aOR=2.13, p <0.01), having completed college (aOR=1.38, p =0.03), meeting screening criteria for depression (aOR=6.03, p <0.01) and poorer perceived health status (aOR=1.54, p <0.01). COVID-19 had a profound impact on the health of urban dwellers throughout China. Not only did they markedly increase their self- and community-protective behaviors, but they also experienced high levels of anxiety associated with a heightened vulnerability like depression, having poor perceived health, and the potential of increased exposure to COVID-19 such as living closer to the epicenter of the pandemic.


