id sid tid token lemma pos cord-173774-idj19hd3 1 1 key key JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 1 2 : : : cord-173774-idj19hd3 1 3 cord-173774-idj19hd3 cord-173774-idj19hd3 JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 1 4 authors author NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 1 5 : : : cord-173774-idj19hd3 1 6 Li Li NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 1 7 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 1 8 Jinfeng Jinfeng NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 1 9 ; ; : cord-173774-idj19hd3 1 10 Guo Guo NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 1 11 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 1 12 Xinyi Xinyi NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 2 1 title title NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 2 2 : : : cord-173774-idj19hd3 3 1 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 3 2 Contact contact NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 3 3 - - HYPH cord-173774-idj19hd3 3 4 tracing trace VBG cord-173774-idj19hd3 3 5 Apps app NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 3 6 : : : cord-173774-idj19hd3 3 7 a a DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 3 8 Survey Survey NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 3 9 on on IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 3 10 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 3 11 Global Global NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 3 12 Deployment Deployment NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 3 13 and and CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 3 14 Challenges Challenges NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 3 15 date date NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 3 16 : : : cord-173774-idj19hd3 3 17 2020 2020 CD cord-173774-idj19hd3 3 18 - - HYPH cord-173774-idj19hd3 3 19 05 05 CD cord-173774-idj19hd3 3 20 - - HYPH cord-173774-idj19hd3 3 21 07 07 CD cord-173774-idj19hd3 3 22 journal journal NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 3 23 : : : cord-173774-idj19hd3 3 24 nan nan NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 3 25 DOI DOI NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 3 26 : : : cord-173774-idj19hd3 3 27 nan nan NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 3 28 sha sha NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 3 29 : : : cord-173774-idj19hd3 4 1 d09f2ed39947b0e9a0eb5954146d8c0ed7324e55 d09f2ed39947b0e9a0eb5954146d8c0ed7324e55 NNPS cord-173774-idj19hd3 4 2 doc_id doc_id CD cord-173774-idj19hd3 4 3 : : : cord-173774-idj19hd3 4 4 173774 173774 CD cord-173774-idj19hd3 4 5 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 4 6 : : : cord-173774-idj19hd3 4 7 idj19hd3 idj19hd3 JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 5 1 To to TO cord-173774-idj19hd3 5 2 address address VB cord-173774-idj19hd3 5 3 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 5 4 massive massive JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 5 5 spike spike NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 5 6 in in IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 5 7 uncertainties uncertainty NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 5 8 triggered trigger VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 5 9 by by IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 5 10 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 5 11 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 5 12 disease disease NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 5 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 5 14 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 5 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 5 16 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 5 17 there there EX cord-173774-idj19hd3 5 18 is be VBZ cord-173774-idj19hd3 5 19 an an DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 5 20 ever ever RB cord-173774-idj19hd3 5 21 - - HYPH cord-173774-idj19hd3 5 22 increasing increase VBG cord-173774-idj19hd3 5 23 number number NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 5 24 of of IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 5 25 national national JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 5 26 governments government NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 5 27 that that WDT cord-173774-idj19hd3 5 28 are be VBP cord-173774-idj19hd3 5 29 rolling roll VBG cord-173774-idj19hd3 5 30 out out RP cord-173774-idj19hd3 5 31 contact contact NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 5 32 - - HYPH cord-173774-idj19hd3 5 33 tracing trace VBG cord-173774-idj19hd3 5 34 Apps app NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 5 35 to to TO cord-173774-idj19hd3 5 36 aid aid VB cord-173774-idj19hd3 5 37 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 5 38 containment containment NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 5 39 of of IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 5 40 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 5 41 virus virus NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 5 42 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 6 1 The the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 6 2 first first JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 6 3 hugely hugely RB cord-173774-idj19hd3 6 4 contentious contentious JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 6 5 issue issue NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 6 6 facing face VBG cord-173774-idj19hd3 6 7 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 6 8 Apps Apps NNPS cord-173774-idj19hd3 6 9 is be VBZ cord-173774-idj19hd3 6 10 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 6 11 deployment deployment NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 6 12 framework framework NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 6 13 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 6 14 i.e. i.e. FW cord-173774-idj19hd3 6 15 centralized centralize VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 6 16 or or CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 6 17 decentralized decentralized JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 6 18 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 7 1 Based base VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 7 2 on on IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 7 3 this this DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 7 4 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 7 5 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 7 6 debate debate NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 7 7 branches branch NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 7 8 out out RP cord-173774-idj19hd3 7 9 to to IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 7 10 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 7 11 corresponding corresponding JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 7 12 technologies technology NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 7 13 that that WDT cord-173774-idj19hd3 7 14 underpin underpin VBP cord-173774-idj19hd3 7 15 these these DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 7 16 architectures architecture NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 7 17 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 7 18 i.e. i.e. FW cord-173774-idj19hd3 7 19 GPS GPS NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 7 20 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 7 21 QR QR NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 7 22 codes code NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 7 23 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 7 24 and and CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 7 25 Bluetooth Bluetooth NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 7 26 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 8 1 This this DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 8 2 work work NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 8 3 conducts conduct VBZ cord-173774-idj19hd3 8 4 a a DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 8 5 pioneering pioneering JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 8 6 review review NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 8 7 of of IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 8 8 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 8 9 above above JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 8 10 scenarios scenario NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 8 11 and and CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 8 12 contributes contribute VBZ cord-173774-idj19hd3 8 13 a a DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 8 14 geolocation geolocation NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 8 15 mapping mapping NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 8 16 of of IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 8 17 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 8 18 current current JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 8 19 deployment deployment NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 8 20 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 9 1 The the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 9 2 Apps Apps NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 9 3 vulnerabilities vulnerability NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 9 4 and and CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 9 5 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 9 6 directions direction NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 9 7 of of IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 9 8 research research NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 9 9 are be VBP cord-173774-idj19hd3 9 10 identified identify VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 9 11 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 9 12 with with IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 9 13 a a DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 9 14 special special JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 9 15 focus focus NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 9 16 on on IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 9 17 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 9 18 Bluetooth Bluetooth NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 9 19 - - HYPH cord-173774-idj19hd3 9 20 inspired inspire VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 9 21 decentralized decentralized JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 9 22 paradigm paradigm NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 9 23 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 10 1 In in IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 10 2 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 10 3 recent recent JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 10 4 few few JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 10 5 months month NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 10 6 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 10 7 contact contact NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 10 8 - - HYPH cord-173774-idj19hd3 10 9 tracing trace VBG cord-173774-idj19hd3 10 10 Apps app NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 10 11 have have VBP cord-173774-idj19hd3 10 12 emerged emerge VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 10 13 and and CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 10 14 pushed push VBD cord-173774-idj19hd3 10 15 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 10 16 boundary boundary NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 10 17 of of IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 10 18 innovations innovation NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 10 19 in in IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 10 20 response response NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 10 21 to to IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 10 22 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 10 23 outbreak outbreak NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 10 24 of of IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 10 25 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 10 26 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 10 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 10 28 COVID-19 covid-19 VB cord-173774-idj19hd3 10 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 11 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 11 2 1 1 CD cord-173774-idj19hd3 11 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 11 4 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 12 1 A a DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 12 2 contact contact NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 12 3 - - HYPH cord-173774-idj19hd3 12 4 tracing tracing NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 12 5 App App NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 12 6 [ [ -LRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 12 7 2 2 CD cord-173774-idj19hd3 12 8 ] ] -RRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 12 9 is be VBZ cord-173774-idj19hd3 12 10 a a DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 12 11 mobile mobile JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 12 12 platform platform NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 12 13 that that WDT cord-173774-idj19hd3 12 14 assists assist VBZ cord-173774-idj19hd3 12 15 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 12 16 identification identification NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 12 17 of of IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 12 18 people people NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 12 19 who who WP cord-173774-idj19hd3 12 20 may may MD cord-173774-idj19hd3 12 21 have have VB cord-173774-idj19hd3 12 22 come come VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 12 23 into into IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 12 24 contact contact NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 12 25 with with IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 12 26 an an DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 12 27 infected infected JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 12 28 person person NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 12 29 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 12 30 and and CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 12 31 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 12 32 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 12 33 collection collection NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 12 34 of of IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 12 35 further further JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 12 36 information information NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 12 37 about about IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 12 38 these these DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 12 39 contacts contact NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 12 40 for for IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 12 41 containing contain VBG cord-173774-idj19hd3 12 42 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 12 43 virus virus NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 12 44 ' ' '' cord-173774-idj19hd3 12 45 spreading spreading NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 12 46 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 1 There there EX cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 2 is be VBZ cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 3 an an DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 4 ongoing ongoing JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 5 debate debate NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 6 on on IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 7 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 8 deployment deployment NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 9 of of IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 10 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 11 Apps Apps NNPS cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 12 regarding regard VBG cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 13 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 14 technology technology NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 15 framework framework NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 16 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 17 i.e. i.e. FW cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 18 centralised centralise VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 20 3 3 CD cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 21 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 22 4 4 CD cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 24 versus versus IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 25 decentralised decentralised JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 27 5 5 CD cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 28 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 29 6 6 CD cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 31 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 32 and and CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 33 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 34 corresponding correspond VBG cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 35 sensor sensor NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 36 technologies technology NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 37 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 38 i.e. i.e. FW cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 39 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 40 Global Global NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 41 Positioning Positioning NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 42 System System NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 43 ( ( -LRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 44 GPS GPS NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 46 integrated integrate VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 47 with with IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 48 Quick Quick NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 49 Response Response NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 50 ( ( -LRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 51 QR QR NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 52 ) ) -RRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 53 codes code NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 54 scanning scan VBG cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 55 [ [ -LRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 56 7 7 CD cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 57 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 58 8 8 CD cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 59 ] ] -RRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 60 and and CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 61 big big JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 62 data data NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 63 analysis analysis NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 64 [ [ -LRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 65 9,10 9,10 CD cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 66 ] ] -RRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 67 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 68 versus versus IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 69 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 70 wireless wireless NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 71 Bluetooth Bluetooth NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 72 devices device NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 73 [ [ -LRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 74 11 11 CD cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 75 ] ] -RRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 76 enabled enable VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 77 by by IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 78 microwave microwave NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 79 [ [ -LRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 80 12 12 CD cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 81 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 82 13 13 CD cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 83 ] ] -RRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 84 and and CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 85 millimetre millimetre NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 86 - - HYPH cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 87 wave wave NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 88 [ [ -LRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 89 14 14 CD cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 90 ] ] -RRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 91 [ [ -LRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 92 15 15 CD cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 93 ] ] -RRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 94 [ [ -LRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 95 16 16 CD cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 96 ] ] -RRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 97 [ [ -LRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 98 17 17 CD cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 99 ] ] -RRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 100 communications communication NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 13 101 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 14 1 In in IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 14 2 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 14 3 centralised centralised JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 14 4 architecture architecture NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 14 5 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 14 6 personal personal JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 14 7 data datum NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 14 8 collected collect VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 14 9 through through IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 14 10 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 14 11 App App NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 14 12 is be VBZ cord-173774-idj19hd3 14 13 controlled control VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 14 14 by by IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 14 15 government government NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 14 16 authority authority NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 14 17 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 15 1 These these DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 15 2 Apps Apps NNPS cord-173774-idj19hd3 15 3 mainly mainly RB cord-173774-idj19hd3 15 4 follow follow VBP cord-173774-idj19hd3 15 5 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 15 6 PEPP PEPP NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 15 7 - - HYPH cord-173774-idj19hd3 15 8 PT PT NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 15 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 15 10 Pan pan JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 15 11 - - JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 15 12 European european JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 15 13 Privacy Privacy NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 15 14 - - HYPH cord-173774-idj19hd3 15 15 Preserving Preserving NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 15 16 Proximity Proximity NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 15 17 Tracing tracing NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 15 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 16 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 16 2 18 18 CD cord-173774-idj19hd3 16 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 16 4 protocol protocol NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 16 5 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 16 6 but but CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 16 7 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 16 8 consensus consensus NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 16 9 amongst amongst IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 16 10 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 16 11 technical technical JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 16 12 community community NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 16 13 is be VBZ cord-173774-idj19hd3 16 14 that that IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 16 15 this this DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 16 16 framework framework NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 16 17 is be VBZ cord-173774-idj19hd3 16 18 too too RB cord-173774-idj19hd3 16 19 academic academic JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 16 20 for for IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 16 21 practical practical JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 16 22 development development NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 16 23 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 17 1 For for IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 17 2 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 17 3 decentralized decentralized JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 17 4 approach approach NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 17 5 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 17 6 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 17 7 personal personal JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 17 8 data data NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 17 9 is be VBZ cord-173774-idj19hd3 17 10 enclosed enclose VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 17 11 or or CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 17 12 controlled control VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 17 13 by by IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 17 14 individuals individual NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 17 15 only only RB cord-173774-idj19hd3 17 16 on on IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 17 17 personal personal JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 17 18 devices device NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 17 19 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 18 1 These these DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 18 2 Apps Apps NNPS cord-173774-idj19hd3 18 3 follow follow VBP cord-173774-idj19hd3 18 4 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 18 5 DP-3 DP-3 NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 18 6 T T NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 18 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 18 8 Decentralised Decentralised NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 18 9 Privacy Privacy NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 18 10 - - HYPH cord-173774-idj19hd3 18 11 Preserving Preserving NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 18 12 Proximity Proximity NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 18 13 Tracing tracing NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 18 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 18 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 18 16 19 19 CD cord-173774-idj19hd3 18 17 ] ] -RRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 18 18 data datum NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 18 19 protection protection NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 18 20 solution solution NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 18 21 recently recently RB cord-173774-idj19hd3 18 22 developed develop VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 18 23 by by IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 18 24 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 18 25 European European NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 18 26 Academics Academics NNPS cord-173774-idj19hd3 18 27 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 19 1 However however RB cord-173774-idj19hd3 19 2 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 19 3 this this DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 19 4 framework framework NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 19 5 is be VBZ cord-173774-idj19hd3 19 6 only only RB cord-173774-idj19hd3 19 7 partially partially RB cord-173774-idj19hd3 19 8 decentralised decentralise VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 19 9 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 19 10 i.e. i.e. FW cord-173774-idj19hd3 19 11 there there EX cord-173774-idj19hd3 19 12 is be VBZ cord-173774-idj19hd3 19 13 an an DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 19 14 anonymous anonymous JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 19 15 centralised centralised JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 19 16 database database NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 19 17 for for IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 19 18 only only RB cord-173774-idj19hd3 19 19 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 19 20 infected infected JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 19 21 people people NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 19 22 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 20 1 Google Google NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 20 2 and and CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 20 3 Apple Apple NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 20 4 in in IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 20 5 partnership partnership NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 20 6 [ [ -LRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 20 7 20 20 CD cord-173774-idj19hd3 20 8 ] ] -RRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 20 9 will will MD cord-173774-idj19hd3 20 10 launch launch VB cord-173774-idj19hd3 20 11 an an DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 20 12 exclusive exclusive JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 20 13 decentralised decentralised JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 20 14 framework framework NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 20 15 in in IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 20 16 May May NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 20 17 which which WDT cord-173774-idj19hd3 20 18 will will MD cord-173774-idj19hd3 20 19 be be VB cord-173774-idj19hd3 20 20 more more RBR cord-173774-idj19hd3 20 21 compatible compatible JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 20 22 with with IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 20 23 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 20 24 Android Android NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 20 25 and and CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 20 26 iOS iOS NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 20 27 systems system NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 20 28 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 21 1 Regarding regard VBG cord-173774-idj19hd3 21 2 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 21 3 technologies technology NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 21 4 and and CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 21 5 infrastructures infrastructure NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 21 6 that that WDT cord-173774-idj19hd3 21 7 underpin underpin VBP cord-173774-idj19hd3 21 8 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 21 9 two two CD cord-173774-idj19hd3 21 10 architectures architecture NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 21 11 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 21 12 GPS GPS NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 21 13 is be VBZ cord-173774-idj19hd3 21 14 based base VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 21 15 on on IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 21 16 crowd crowd NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 21 17 mapping mapping NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 21 18 for for IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 21 19 tracking track VBG cord-173774-idj19hd3 21 20 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 21 21 spread spread NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 21 22 of of IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 21 23 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 21 24 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 21 25 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 21 26 while while IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 21 27 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 21 28 QR QR NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 21 29 codes code NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 21 30 scanning scanning NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 21 31 approach approach NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 21 32 is be VBZ cord-173774-idj19hd3 21 33 combined combine VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 21 34 with with IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 21 35 physical physical JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 21 36 temperature temperature NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 21 37 testing testing NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 21 38 equipment equipment NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 21 39 or or CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 21 40 thermal thermal JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 21 41 imaging imaging NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 21 42 cameras camera NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 21 43 to to TO cord-173774-idj19hd3 21 44 track track VB cord-173774-idj19hd3 21 45 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 21 46 healthy healthy JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 21 47 or or CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 21 48 infected infected JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 21 49 individuals individual NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 21 50 ' ' POS cord-173774-idj19hd3 21 51 movement movement NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 21 52 on on IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 21 53 public public JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 21 54 transport transport NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 21 55 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 22 1 The the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 22 2 Bluetooth Bluetooth NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 22 3 method method NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 22 4 detects detect VBZ cord-173774-idj19hd3 22 5 other other JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 22 6 devices device NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 22 7 retained retain VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 22 8 for for IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 22 9 a a DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 22 10 certain certain JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 22 11 amount amount NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 22 12 of of IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 22 13 time time NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 22 14 within within IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 22 15 a a DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 22 16 certain certain JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 22 17 range range NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 22 18 of of IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 22 19 distance distance NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 22 20 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 22 21 and and CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 22 22 notifies notify VBZ cord-173774-idj19hd3 22 23 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 22 24 devices device NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 22 25 which which WDT cord-173774-idj19hd3 22 26 have have VBP cord-173774-idj19hd3 22 27 had have VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 22 28 sufficient sufficient JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 22 29 contacts contact NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 22 30 with with IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 22 31 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 22 32 infected infected JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 22 33 individual individual NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 22 34 's 's POS cord-173774-idj19hd3 22 35 device device NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 22 36 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 22 37 assuming assume VBG cord-173774-idj19hd3 22 38 that that IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 22 39 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 22 40 infected infected JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 22 41 individuals individual NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 22 42 report report VBP cord-173774-idj19hd3 22 43 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-173774-idj19hd3 22 44 anonymous anonymous JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 22 45 infection infection NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 22 46 states state NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 22 47 to to IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 22 48 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 22 49 App App NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 22 50 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 23 1 Researchers researcher NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 23 2 from from IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 23 3 Oxford Oxford NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 23 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 23 5 21 21 CD cord-173774-idj19hd3 23 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 23 7 recently recently RB cord-173774-idj19hd3 23 8 modelled model VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 23 9 and and CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 23 10 proposed propose VBD cord-173774-idj19hd3 23 11 a a DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 23 12 threshold threshold NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 23 13 on on IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 23 14 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 23 15 active active JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 23 16 user user NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 23 17 rates rate NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 23 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 23 19 at at RB cord-173774-idj19hd3 23 20 least least RBS cord-173774-idj19hd3 23 21 60 60 CD cord-173774-idj19hd3 23 22 % % NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 23 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 23 24 for for IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 23 25 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 23 26 App App NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 23 27 to to TO cord-173774-idj19hd3 23 28 fully fully RB cord-173774-idj19hd3 23 29 deliver deliver VB cord-173774-idj19hd3 23 30 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-173774-idj19hd3 23 31 valuable valuable JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 23 32 insights insight NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 23 33 for for IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 23 34 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 23 35 government government NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 23 36 to to TO cord-173774-idj19hd3 23 37 contain contain VB cord-173774-idj19hd3 23 38 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 23 39 virus virus NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 23 40 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 24 1 There there EX cord-173774-idj19hd3 24 2 is be VBZ cord-173774-idj19hd3 24 3 arguably arguably RB cord-173774-idj19hd3 24 4 a a DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 24 5 growing grow VBG cord-173774-idj19hd3 24 6 trend trend NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 24 7 globally globally RB cord-173774-idj19hd3 24 8 and and CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 24 9 especially especially RB cord-173774-idj19hd3 24 10 in in IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 24 11 Europe Europe NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 24 12 that that IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 24 13 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 24 14 decentralised decentralised JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 24 15 architecture architecture NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 24 16 would would MD cord-173774-idj19hd3 24 17 be be VB cord-173774-idj19hd3 24 18 preferable preferable JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 24 19 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 25 1 Keeping keep VBG cord-173774-idj19hd3 25 2 personal personal JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 25 3 data datum NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 25 4 safe safe JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 25 5 and and CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 25 6 secure secure JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 25 7 is be VBZ cord-173774-idj19hd3 25 8 one one CD cord-173774-idj19hd3 25 9 of of IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 25 10 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 25 11 greatest great JJS cord-173774-idj19hd3 25 12 challenges challenge NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 25 13 posed pose VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 25 14 by by IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 25 15 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 25 16 rapid rapid JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 25 17 development development NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 25 18 of of IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 25 19 today today NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 25 20 's 's POS cord-173774-idj19hd3 25 21 health health NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 25 22 informatics informatics NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 25 23 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 26 1 The the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 26 2 up up JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 26 3 - - HYPH cord-173774-idj19hd3 26 4 to to IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 26 5 - - HYPH cord-173774-idj19hd3 26 6 date date NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 26 7 regulations regulation NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 26 8 and and CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 26 9 frameworks framework NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 26 10 are be VBP cord-173774-idj19hd3 26 11 detailed detail VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 26 12 in in IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 26 13 sections section NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 26 14 below below RB cord-173774-idj19hd3 26 15 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 26 16 including include VBG cord-173774-idj19hd3 26 17 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 26 18 General General NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 26 19 Data Data NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 26 20 Protection Protection NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 26 21 Regulation Regulation NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 26 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 26 23 GDPR GDPR NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 26 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 26 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 26 26 22 22 CD cord-173774-idj19hd3 26 27 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 26 28 23 23 CD cord-173774-idj19hd3 26 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 26 30 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 26 31 as as RB cord-173774-idj19hd3 26 32 well well RB cord-173774-idj19hd3 26 33 as as IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 26 34 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 26 35 key key JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 26 36 competing compete VBG cord-173774-idj19hd3 26 37 architectures architecture NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 26 38 that that WDT cord-173774-idj19hd3 26 39 have have VBP cord-173774-idj19hd3 26 40 been be VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 26 41 mentioned mention VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 26 42 in in IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 26 43 section section NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 26 44 1 1 CD cord-173774-idj19hd3 26 45 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 27 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 27 2 26 26 CD cord-173774-idj19hd3 27 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 27 4 released release VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 27 5 on on IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 27 6 1 1 CD cord-173774-idj19hd3 27 7 April April NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 27 8 2020which 2020which NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 27 9 was be VBD cord-173774-idj19hd3 27 10 followed follow VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 27 11 by by IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 27 12 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 27 13 German german JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 27 14 and and CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 27 15 Italian italian JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 27 16 governments government NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 27 17 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 27 18 and and CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 27 19 was be VBD cord-173774-idj19hd3 27 20 involved involve VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 27 21 with with IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 27 22 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 27 23 development development NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 27 24 of of IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 27 25 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 27 26 UK UK NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 27 27 government government NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 27 28 's 's POS cord-173774-idj19hd3 27 29 NHSX NHSX NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 27 30 App App NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 27 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 27 32 centralised centralised JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 27 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 27 34 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 28 1 5 5 LS cord-173774-idj19hd3 28 2 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 29 1 Decentralized Decentralized NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 29 2 Privacy Privacy NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 29 3 - - HYPH cord-173774-idj19hd3 29 4 Preserving Preserving NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 29 5 Proximity Proximity NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 29 6 Tracing tracing NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 29 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 29 8 DP DP NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 29 9 - - HYPH cord-173774-idj19hd3 29 10 PPT)/ PPT)/ NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 29 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 29 12 DP-3 DP-3 NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 29 13 T T NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 29 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 29 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 29 16 27 27 CD cord-173774-idj19hd3 29 17 ] ] -RRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 29 18 released release VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 29 19 on on IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 29 20 6 6 CD cord-173774-idj19hd3 29 21 April April NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 29 22 2020 2020 CD cord-173774-idj19hd3 29 23 -no -no . cord-173774-idj19hd3 30 1 pooled pool VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 30 2 data datum NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 30 3 is be VBZ cord-173774-idj19hd3 30 4 collected collect VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 30 5 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 30 6 which which WDT cord-173774-idj19hd3 30 7 largely largely RB cord-173774-idj19hd3 30 8 mitigates mitigate VBZ cord-173774-idj19hd3 30 9 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 30 10 privacy privacy NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 30 11 risk risk NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 30 12 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 31 1 The the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 31 2 none none NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 31 3 - - HYPH cord-173774-idj19hd3 31 4 infected infect VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 31 5 individuals individual NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 31 6 ' ' POS cord-173774-idj19hd3 31 7 data datum NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 31 8 are be VBP cord-173774-idj19hd3 31 9 decentralised decentralised JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 31 10 based base VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 31 11 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 31 12 and and CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 31 13 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 31 14 infected infected JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 31 15 individuals individual NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 31 16 ' ' POS cord-173774-idj19hd3 31 17 information information NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 31 18 will will MD cord-173774-idj19hd3 31 19 be be VB cord-173774-idj19hd3 31 20 collected collect VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 31 21 anonymously anonymously RB cord-173774-idj19hd3 31 22 to to IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 31 23 a a DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 31 24 central central JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 31 25 database database NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 31 26 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 32 1 6 6 LS cord-173774-idj19hd3 32 2 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 33 1 Apple Apple NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 33 2 and and CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 33 3 Google Google NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 33 4 partner partner NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 33 5 on on IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 33 6 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 33 7 contact contact NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 33 8 tracing trace VBG cord-173774-idj19hd3 33 9 technology technology NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 33 10 framework framework NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 33 11 [ [ -LRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 33 12 20 20 CD cord-173774-idj19hd3 33 13 ] ] -RRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 33 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 33 15 yet yet RB cord-173774-idj19hd3 33 16 to to TO cord-173774-idj19hd3 33 17 be be VB cord-173774-idj19hd3 33 18 released release VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 33 19 in in IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 33 20 May May NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 33 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 34 1 -privacy -privacy : cord-173774-idj19hd3 34 2 - - HYPH cord-173774-idj19hd3 34 3 preserving preserve VBG cord-173774-idj19hd3 34 4 contact contact NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 34 5 tracing tracing NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 34 6 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 35 1 Bluetooth Bluetooth NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 35 2 based base VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 35 3 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 35 4 decentralised decentralised JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 35 5 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 35 6 free free JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 35 7 of of IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 35 8 GPS GPS NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 35 9 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 36 1 Apple Apple NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 36 2 and and CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 36 3 Google Google NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 36 4 tech tech NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 36 5 is be VBZ cord-173774-idj19hd3 36 6 currently currently RB cord-173774-idj19hd3 36 7 trading trade VBG cord-173774-idj19hd3 36 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 36 9 integrating integrate VBG cord-173774-idj19hd3 36 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 36 11 with with IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 36 12 some some DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 36 13 of of IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 36 14 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 36 15 Governments Governments NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 36 16 self self NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 36 17 - - HYPH cord-173774-idj19hd3 36 18 running run VBG cord-173774-idj19hd3 36 19 Apps Apps NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 36 20 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 37 1 7 7 CD cord-173774-idj19hd3 37 2 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 38 1 Government government NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 38 2 - - HYPH cord-173774-idj19hd3 38 3 run run VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 38 4 contact contact NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 38 5 tracing trace VBG cord-173774-idj19hd3 38 6 technology technology NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 38 7 [ [ -LRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 38 8 28 28 CD cord-173774-idj19hd3 38 9 ] ] -RRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 38 10 framework framework NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 38 11 that that WDT cord-173774-idj19hd3 38 12 not not RB cord-173774-idj19hd3 38 13 going go VBG cord-173774-idj19hd3 38 14 to to TO cord-173774-idj19hd3 38 15 deploy deploy VB cord-173774-idj19hd3 38 16 Apple Apple NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 38 17 & & CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 38 18 Google Google NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 38 19 's 's POS cord-173774-idj19hd3 38 20 framework framework NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 38 21 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 38 22 e.g. e.g. IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 38 23 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 38 24 UK UK NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 38 25 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 38 26 France France NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 38 27 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 38 28 and and CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 38 29 several several JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 38 30 US US NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 38 31 states state NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 38 32 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 39 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-173774-idj19hd3 39 2 produce produce VBP cord-173774-idj19hd3 39 3 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 39 4 first first JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 39 5 geolocation geolocation NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 39 6 mapping mapping NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 39 7 for for IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 39 8 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 39 9 global global JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 39 10 deployment deployment NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 39 11 of of IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 39 12 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 39 13 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 39 14 contact contact NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 39 15 - - HYPH cord-173774-idj19hd3 39 16 tracing trace VBG cord-173774-idj19hd3 39 17 apps app NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 39 18 in in IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 39 19 Fig Fig NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 39 20 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 40 1 1 1 LS cord-173774-idj19hd3 40 2 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 40 3 with with IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 40 4 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 40 5 format format NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 40 6 codes code NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 40 7 in in IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 40 8 an an DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 40 9 order order NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 40 10 of of IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 40 11 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 40 12 country country NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 40 13 name name NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 40 14 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 40 15 App App NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 40 16 name name NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 40 17 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 40 18 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 40 19 number number NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 40 20 of of IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 40 21 users user NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 40 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 40 23 download download NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 40 24 times time NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 40 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 40 26 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 40 27 and and CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 40 28 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 40 29 underpinning underpin VBG cord-173774-idj19hd3 40 30 technologies technology NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 40 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 40 32 GPS GPS NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 40 33 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 40 34 QR QR NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 40 35 codes code NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 40 36 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 40 37 Bluetooth Bluetooth NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 40 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 40 39 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 41 1 The the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 41 2 color color NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 41 3 of of IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 41 4 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 41 5 country country NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 41 6 represents represent VBZ cord-173774-idj19hd3 41 7 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 41 8 employed employ VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 41 9 framework framework NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 41 10 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 41 11 i.e. i.e. FW cord-173774-idj19hd3 41 12 with with IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 41 13 red red JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 41 14 denoting denote VBG cord-173774-idj19hd3 41 15 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 41 16 centralised centralised JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 41 17 architecture architecture NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 41 18 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 41 19 while while IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 41 20 green green JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 41 21 representing represent VBG cord-173774-idj19hd3 41 22 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 41 23 decentralised decentralised JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 41 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 41 25 or or CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 41 26 being be VBG cord-173774-idj19hd3 41 27 migrating migrate VBG cord-173774-idj19hd3 41 28 into into IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 41 29 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 41 30 decentralised decentralised JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 41 31 framework framework NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 41 32 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 41 33 e.g. e.g. RB cord-173774-idj19hd3 41 34 Austria Austria NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 41 35 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 41 36 Swiss Swiss NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 41 37 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 41 38 Estonia Estonia NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 41 39 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 41 40 Finland Finland NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 41 41 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 41 42 Germany Germany NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 41 43 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 41 44 Alberta Alberta NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 41 45 of of IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 41 46 Canada Canada NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 41 47 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 41 48 and and CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 41 49 Vietnam Vietnam NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 41 50 ) ) -RRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 41 51 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 42 1 Following follow VBG cord-173774-idj19hd3 42 2 a a DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 42 3 software software NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 42 4 vulnerability vulnerability NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 42 5 - - HYPH cord-173774-idj19hd3 42 6 mapping mapping NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 42 7 analysis analysis NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 42 8 paradigm paradigm NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 42 9 [ [ -LRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 42 10 24 24 CD cord-173774-idj19hd3 42 11 ] ] -RRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 42 12 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 42 13 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 42 14 flaws flaw NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 42 15 of of IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 42 16 10 10 CD cord-173774-idj19hd3 42 17 contact contact NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 42 18 - - HYPH cord-173774-idj19hd3 42 19 tracing trace VBG cord-173774-idj19hd3 42 20 Apps app NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 42 21 are be VBP cord-173774-idj19hd3 42 22 analysed analyse VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 42 23 and and CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 42 24 summarised summarise VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 42 25 below below RB cord-173774-idj19hd3 42 26 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 43 1 For for IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 43 2 instance instance NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 43 3 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 43 4 one one CD cord-173774-idj19hd3 43 5 of of IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 43 6 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 43 7 key key JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 43 8 non non JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 43 9 - - JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 43 10 technical technical JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 43 11 but but CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 43 12 important important JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 43 13 questions question NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 43 14 for for IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 43 15 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 43 16 UK UK NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 43 17 NHS NHS NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 43 18 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 43 19 tracking tracking NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 43 20 App App NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 43 21 is be VBZ cord-173774-idj19hd3 43 22 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 43 23 fault fault NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 43 24 positives positive NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 43 25 ( ( -LRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 43 26 i.e. i.e. FW cord-173774-idj19hd3 43 27 what what WP cord-173774-idj19hd3 43 28 if if IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 43 29 people people NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 43 30 without without IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 43 31 concern concern NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 43 32 for for IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 43 33 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 43 34 maliciously maliciously RB cord-173774-idj19hd3 43 35 report report VB cord-173774-idj19hd3 43 36 a a DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 43 37 positive positive JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 43 38 using use VBG cord-173774-idj19hd3 43 39 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 43 40 App App NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 43 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 43 42 and and CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 44 1 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 44 2 fault fault NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 44 3 negatives negative NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 45 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 45 2 i.e. i.e. FW cord-173774-idj19hd3 45 3 what what WP cord-173774-idj19hd3 45 4 if if IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 45 5 infected infected JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 45 6 people people NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 45 7 do do VBP cord-173774-idj19hd3 45 8 not not RB cord-173774-idj19hd3 45 9 report report VB cord-173774-idj19hd3 45 10 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-173774-idj19hd3 45 11 cases case NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 45 12 in in IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 45 13 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 45 14 App app NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 45 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 45 16 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 46 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 46 2 1 1 CD cord-173774-idj19hd3 46 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 47 1 The the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 47 2 Health Health NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 47 3 Code Code NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 47 4 on on IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 47 5 Alipay Alipay NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 47 6 and and CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 47 7 WeChat WeChat NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 47 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 47 9 QR QR NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 47 10 code code NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 47 11 and and CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 47 12 big big JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 47 13 data datum NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 47 14 based base VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 47 15 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 47 16 centralised centralise VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 47 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 47 18 used use VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 47 19 in in IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 47 20 China China NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 47 21 has have VBZ cord-173774-idj19hd3 47 22 achieved achieve VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 47 23 a a DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 47 24 63 63 CD cord-173774-idj19hd3 47 25 % % NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 47 26 of of IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 47 27 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 47 28 population population NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 47 29 coverage coverage NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 47 30 and and CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 47 31 100 100 CD cord-173774-idj19hd3 47 32 % % NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 47 33 on on IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 47 34 travelers traveler NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 47 35 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 48 1 However however RB cord-173774-idj19hd3 48 2 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 48 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-173774-idj19hd3 48 4 is be VBZ cord-173774-idj19hd3 48 5 introducing introduce VBG cord-173774-idj19hd3 48 6 a a DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 48 7 significant significant JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 48 8 cost cost NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 48 9 for for IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 48 10 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 48 11 temperature temperature NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 48 12 testing testing NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 48 13 equipment equipment NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 48 14 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 49 1 Many many JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 49 2 staff staff NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 49 3 are be VBP cord-173774-idj19hd3 49 4 involved involve VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 49 5 in in IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 49 6 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 49 7 checking check VBG cord-173774-idj19hd3 49 8 house house NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 49 9 by by IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 49 10 house house NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 49 11 and and CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 49 12 helping help VBG cord-173774-idj19hd3 49 13 people people NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 49 14 without without IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 49 15 using use VBG cord-173774-idj19hd3 49 16 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 49 17 digital digital JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 49 18 App App NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 49 19 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 50 1 is be VBZ cord-173774-idj19hd3 50 2 applied apply VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 50 3 to to IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 50 4 only only RB cord-173774-idj19hd3 50 5 self self NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 50 6 - - HYPH cord-173774-idj19hd3 50 7 quarantined quarantine VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 50 8 people people NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 50 9 staying stay VBG cord-173774-idj19hd3 50 10 at at IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 50 11 home home NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 50 12 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 50 13 and and CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 50 14 hence hence RB cord-173774-idj19hd3 50 15 not not RB cord-173774-idj19hd3 50 16 a a DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 50 17 rigorous rigorous JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 50 18 contact contact NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 50 19 - - HYPH cord-173774-idj19hd3 50 20 tracing tracing NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 50 21 App app NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 50 22 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 51 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-173774-idj19hd3 51 2 is be VBZ cord-173774-idj19hd3 51 3 susceptible susceptible JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 51 4 to to IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 51 5 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 51 6 risk risk NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 51 7 if if IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 51 8 people people NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 51 9 take take VBP cord-173774-idj19hd3 51 10 off off RP cord-173774-idj19hd3 51 11 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 51 12 wristband wristband NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 51 13 and and CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 51 14 phone phone NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 51 15 together together RB cord-173774-idj19hd3 51 16 and and CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 51 17 go go VB cord-173774-idj19hd3 51 18 out out RP cord-173774-idj19hd3 51 19 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 51 20 _SP cord-173774-idj19hd3 52 1 As as IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 52 2 observed observe VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 52 3 from from IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 52 4 Fig.1 Fig.1 NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 52 5 and and CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 52 6 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 52 7 flaws flaw NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 52 8 analysis analysis NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 52 9 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 52 10 Bluetooth Bluetooth NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 52 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 52 12 either either CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 52 13 in in IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 52 14 centralised centralised JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 52 15 or or CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 52 16 decentralised decentralised JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 52 17 framework framework NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 52 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 52 19 has have VBZ cord-173774-idj19hd3 52 20 accounted account VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 52 21 for for IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 52 22 57 57 CD cord-173774-idj19hd3 52 23 % % NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 52 24 of of IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 52 25 all all PDT cord-173774-idj19hd3 52 26 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 52 27 tracking tracking NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 52 28 technologies technology NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 52 29 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 52 30 as as IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 52 31 compared compare VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 52 32 with with IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 52 33 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 52 34 GPS GPS NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 52 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 52 36 43 43 CD cord-173774-idj19hd3 52 37 % % NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 52 38 ) ) -RRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 52 39 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 52 40 which which WDT cord-173774-idj19hd3 52 41 merits merit VBZ cord-173774-idj19hd3 52 42 a a DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 52 43 further further JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 52 44 analysis analysis NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 52 45 into into IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 52 46 both both CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 52 47 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 52 48 technical technical JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 52 49 and and CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 52 50 geopolitical geopolitical JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 52 51 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 52 52 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 53 1 Firstly firstly RB cord-173774-idj19hd3 53 2 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 53 3 there there EX cord-173774-idj19hd3 53 4 is be VBZ cord-173774-idj19hd3 53 5 a a DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 53 6 trade trade NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 53 7 - - HYPH cord-173774-idj19hd3 53 8 off off NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 53 9 between between IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 53 10 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 53 11 data data NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 53 12 privacy privacy NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 53 13 and and CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 53 14 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 53 15 insights insight NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 53 16 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 54 1 Arguably arguably RB cord-173774-idj19hd3 54 2 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 54 3 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 54 4 decentralised decentralised JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 54 5 and and CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 54 6 no no DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 54 7 GPS GPS NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 54 8 solution solution NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 54 9 provides provide VBZ cord-173774-idj19hd3 54 10 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 54 11 highest high JJS cord-173774-idj19hd3 54 12 level level NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 54 13 of of IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 54 14 data datum NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 54 15 protection protection NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 54 16 for for IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 54 17 individuals individual NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 54 18 as as IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 54 19 no no DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 54 20 personal personal JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 54 21 data data NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 54 22 is be VBZ cord-173774-idj19hd3 54 23 collected collect VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 54 24 unless unless IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 54 25 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 54 26 individual individual NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 54 27 is be VBZ cord-173774-idj19hd3 54 28 infected infect VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 54 29 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 55 1 Without without IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 55 2 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 55 3 GPS GPS NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 55 4 tracking tracking NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 55 5 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 55 6 Apps Apps NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 55 7 can can MD cord-173774-idj19hd3 55 8 not not RB cord-173774-idj19hd3 55 9 collect collect VB cord-173774-idj19hd3 55 10 and and CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 55 11 trace trace VB cord-173774-idj19hd3 55 12 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 55 13 movement movement NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 55 14 of of IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 55 15 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 55 16 population population NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 55 17 geographically geographically RB cord-173774-idj19hd3 55 18 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 56 1 With with IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 56 2 a a DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 56 3 decentralised decentralised JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 56 4 framework framework NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 56 5 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 56 6 however however RB cord-173774-idj19hd3 56 7 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 56 8 any any DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 56 9 data datum NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 56 10 collected collect VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 56 11 from from IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 56 12 individuals individual NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 56 13 can can MD cord-173774-idj19hd3 56 14 not not RB cord-173774-idj19hd3 56 15 be be VB cord-173774-idj19hd3 56 16 driven drive VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 56 17 into into IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 56 18 a a DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 56 19 centralised centralised JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 56 20 database database NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 56 21 for for IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 56 22 future future JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 56 23 analysis analysis NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 56 24 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 56 25 i.e. i.e. FW cord-173774-idj19hd3 56 26 less less JJR cord-173774-idj19hd3 56 27 information information NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 56 28 will will MD cord-173774-idj19hd3 56 29 be be VB cord-173774-idj19hd3 56 30 provided provide VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 56 31 to to IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 56 32 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 56 33 government government NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 56 34 for for IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 56 35 controlling control VBG cord-173774-idj19hd3 56 36 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 56 37 self self NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 56 38 - - HYPH cord-173774-idj19hd3 56 39 quarantine quarantine NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 56 40 and and CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 56 41 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 56 42 movement movement NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 56 43 of of IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 56 44 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 56 45 disease disease NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 56 46 among among IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 56 47 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 56 48 population population NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 56 49 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 57 1 Secondly secondly RB cord-173774-idj19hd3 57 2 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 57 3 existing exist VBG cord-173774-idj19hd3 57 4 decentralised decentralised JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 57 5 tracing tracing NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 57 6 Apps app NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 57 7 such such JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 57 8 as as IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 57 9 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 57 10 Austria Austria NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 57 11 's 's POS cord-173774-idj19hd3 57 12 Stopp Stopp NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 57 13 Corona Corona NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 57 14 are be VBP cord-173774-idj19hd3 57 15 issuing issue VBG cord-173774-idj19hd3 57 16 a a DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 57 17 static static JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 57 18 unique unique JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 57 19 digital digital JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 57 20 ID id NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 57 21 to to IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 57 22 each each DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 57 23 user user NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 57 24 with with IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 57 25 rolling roll VBG cord-173774-idj19hd3 57 26 public public JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 57 27 and and CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 57 28 private private JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 57 29 keys key NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 57 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 57 31 keeping keep VBG cord-173774-idj19hd3 57 32 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 57 33 message message NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 57 34 encrypted encrypt VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 57 35 and and CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 57 36 increasing increase VBG cord-173774-idj19hd3 57 37 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 57 38 data data NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 57 39 protection protection NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 57 40 standard standard NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 57 41 ) ) -RRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 57 42 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 58 1 If if IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 58 2 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 58 3 digital digital JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 58 4 ID ID NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 58 5 is be VBZ cord-173774-idj19hd3 58 6 unique unique JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 58 7 and and CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 58 8 static static JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 58 9 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 58 10 it -PRON- PRP cord-173774-idj19hd3 58 11 runs run VBZ cord-173774-idj19hd3 58 12 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 58 13 risk risk NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 58 14 that that IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 58 15 certain certain JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 58 16 digital digital JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 58 17 ID ID NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 58 18 could could MD cord-173774-idj19hd3 58 19 be be VB cord-173774-idj19hd3 58 20 hacked hack VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 58 21 and and CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 58 22 paired pair VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 58 23 with with IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 58 24 a a DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 58 25 mobile mobile JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 58 26 device device NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 58 27 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 58 28 thus thus RB cord-173774-idj19hd3 58 29 compromising compromise VBG cord-173774-idj19hd3 58 30 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 58 31 individual individual JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 58 32 privacy privacy NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 58 33 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 59 1 Thereby thereby RB cord-173774-idj19hd3 59 2 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 59 3 a a DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 59 4 rolling rolling JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 59 5 base base NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 59 6 digital digital JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 59 7 ID ID NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 59 8 to to TO cord-173774-idj19hd3 59 9 mitigate mitigate VB cord-173774-idj19hd3 59 10 this this DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 59 11 vulnerability vulnerability NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 59 12 would would MD cord-173774-idj19hd3 59 13 be be VB cord-173774-idj19hd3 59 14 a a DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 59 15 better well JJR cord-173774-idj19hd3 59 16 practice practice NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 59 17 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 60 1 In in IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 60 2 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 60 3 practical practical JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 60 4 situation situation NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 60 5 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 60 6 this this DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 60 7 would would MD cord-173774-idj19hd3 60 8 be be VB cord-173774-idj19hd3 60 9 relatively relatively RB cord-173774-idj19hd3 60 10 easy easy JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 60 11 to to TO cord-173774-idj19hd3 60 12 tailor tailor VB cord-173774-idj19hd3 60 13 and and CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 60 14 optimise optimise VB cord-173774-idj19hd3 60 15 compared compare VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 60 16 with with IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 60 17 other other JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 60 18 related related JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 60 19 challenges challenge NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 60 20 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 61 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-173774-idj19hd3 61 2 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 61 3 different different JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 61 4 mobile mobile JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 61 5 devices device NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 61 6 exhibit exhibit VBP cord-173774-idj19hd3 61 7 a a DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 61 8 variety variety NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 61 9 of of IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 61 10 Bluetooth Bluetooth NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 61 11 signal signal NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 61 12 intensity intensity NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 61 13 at at IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 61 14 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 61 15 ISM ISM NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 61 16 band band NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 61 17 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 61 18 i.e. i.e. FW cord-173774-idj19hd3 61 19 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 61 20 capability capability NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 61 21 of of IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 61 22 each each DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 61 23 mobile mobile JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 61 24 device device NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 61 25 to to TO cord-173774-idj19hd3 61 26 determine determine VB cord-173774-idj19hd3 61 27 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 61 28 social social JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 61 29 distance distance NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 61 30 precisely precisely RB cord-173774-idj19hd3 61 31 can can MD cord-173774-idj19hd3 61 32 vary vary VB cord-173774-idj19hd3 61 33 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 62 1 Accordingly accordingly RB cord-173774-idj19hd3 62 2 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 62 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-173774-idj19hd3 62 4 is be VBZ cord-173774-idj19hd3 62 5 of of IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 62 6 research research NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 62 7 and and CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 62 8 development development NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 62 9 interest interest NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 62 10 regarding regard VBG cord-173774-idj19hd3 62 11 how how WRB cord-173774-idj19hd3 62 12 this this DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 62 13 can can MD cord-173774-idj19hd3 62 14 be be VB cord-173774-idj19hd3 62 15 manipulated manipulate VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 62 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 62 17 converted convert VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 62 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 62 19 in in IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 62 20 a a DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 62 21 unified unified JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 62 22 framework framework NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 62 23 that that WDT cord-173774-idj19hd3 62 24 regulates regulate VBZ cord-173774-idj19hd3 62 25 different different JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 62 26 generations generation NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 62 27 of of IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 62 28 devices device NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 62 29 to to TO cord-173774-idj19hd3 62 30 communicate communicate VB cord-173774-idj19hd3 62 31 and and CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 62 32 share share VB cord-173774-idj19hd3 62 33 data datum NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 62 34 with with IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 62 35 each each DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 62 36 other other JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 62 37 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 63 1 Other other JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 63 2 factors factor NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 63 3 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 63 4 such such JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 63 5 as as IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 63 6 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 63 7 multipath multipath NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 63 8 interference interference NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 63 9 and and CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 63 10 spatial spatial JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 63 11 blockage blockage NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 63 12 between between IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 63 13 devices device NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 63 14 are be VBP cord-173774-idj19hd3 63 15 also also RB cord-173774-idj19hd3 63 16 urgent urgent JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 63 17 yet yet RB cord-173774-idj19hd3 63 18 promising promising JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 63 19 research research NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 63 20 areas area NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 63 21 that that WDT cord-173774-idj19hd3 63 22 could could MD cord-173774-idj19hd3 63 23 tip tip VB cord-173774-idj19hd3 63 24 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 63 25 balance balance NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 63 26 on on IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 63 27 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 63 28 functional functional JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 63 29 performance performance NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 63 30 and and CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 63 31 fault fault VB cord-173774-idj19hd3 63 32 tolerance tolerance NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 63 33 of of IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 63 34 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 63 35 Bluetooth Bluetooth NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 63 36 based base VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 63 37 contact contact NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 63 38 tracking tracking NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 63 39 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 64 1 Coupled couple VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 64 2 with with IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 64 3 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 64 4 technical technical JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 64 5 hurdles hurdle NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 64 6 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 64 7 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 64 8 risk risk NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 64 9 - - HYPH cord-173774-idj19hd3 64 10 level level NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 64 11 evaluating evaluate VBG cord-173774-idj19hd3 64 12 standard standard NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 64 13 based base VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 64 14 on on IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 64 15 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 64 16 distance distance NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 64 17 and and CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 64 18 time time NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 64 19 contained contain VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 64 20 should should MD cord-173774-idj19hd3 64 21 be be VB cord-173774-idj19hd3 64 22 updated update VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 64 23 accordingly accordingly RB cord-173774-idj19hd3 64 24 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 65 1 This this DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 65 2 work work NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 65 3 reviews review VBZ cord-173774-idj19hd3 65 4 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 65 5 states state NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 65 6 - - HYPH cord-173774-idj19hd3 65 7 of of IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 65 8 - - HYPH cord-173774-idj19hd3 65 9 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 65 10 - - HYPH cord-173774-idj19hd3 65 11 art art NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 65 12 contact contact NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 65 13 - - HYPH cord-173774-idj19hd3 65 14 tracing trace VBG cord-173774-idj19hd3 65 15 Apps Apps NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 65 16 for for IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 65 17 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 65 18 COVID-19 covid-19 NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 65 19 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 66 1 A a DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 66 2 systematic systematic JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 66 3 mapping mapping NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 66 4 of of IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 66 5 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 66 6 global global JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 66 7 deployment deployment NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 66 8 architectures architecture NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 66 9 and and CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 66 10 technologies technology NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 66 11 is be VBZ cord-173774-idj19hd3 66 12 proposed propose VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 66 13 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 66 14 with with IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 66 15 a a DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 66 16 detailed detailed JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 66 17 analysis analysis NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 66 18 of of IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 66 19 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 66 20 flaws flaw NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 66 21 for for IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 66 22 each each DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 66 23 scenario scenario NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 66 24 presented present VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 66 25 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 67 1 Specifically specifically RB cord-173774-idj19hd3 67 2 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 67 3 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 67 4 key key JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 67 5 challenges challenge NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 67 6 facing face VBG cord-173774-idj19hd3 67 7 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 67 8 Bluetooth Bluetooth NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 67 9 based base VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 67 10 solutions solution NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 67 11 are be VBP cord-173774-idj19hd3 67 12 identified identify VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 67 13 to to TO cord-173774-idj19hd3 67 14 assist assist VB cord-173774-idj19hd3 67 15 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 67 16 health health NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 67 17 informatics informatics NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 67 18 decision decision NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 67 19 - - HYPH cord-173774-idj19hd3 67 20 making make VBG cord-173774-idj19hd3 67 21 concerning concern VBG cord-173774-idj19hd3 67 22 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 67 23 UK UK NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 67 24 's 's POS cord-173774-idj19hd3 67 25 current current JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 67 26 status status NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 67 27 in in IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 67 28 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 67 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 67 30 see see VB cord-173774-idj19hd3 67 31 Appendix Appendix NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 67 32 A A NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 67 33 for for IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 67 34 an an DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 67 35 exponential exponential JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 67 36 fitting fitting NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 67 37 performed perform VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 67 38 to to TO cord-173774-idj19hd3 67 39 model model VB cord-173774-idj19hd3 67 40 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 67 41 cumulative cumulative JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 67 42 cases case NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 67 43 up up IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 67 44 to to IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 67 45 date date NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 67 46 ) ) -RRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 67 47 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 68 1 Available available JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 68 2 online online RB cord-173774-idj19hd3 68 3 : : : cord-173774-idj19hd3 69 1 https://www.research.ox.ac.uk/Article/2020-04-16-digital-contact-tracing-can-slow-or-even-stop-coronavi https://www.research.ox.ac.uk/article/2020-04-16-digital-contact-tracing-can-slow-or-even-stop-coronavi JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 69 2 rus rus JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 69 3 - - HYPH cord-173774-idj19hd3 69 4 transmission transmission NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 69 5 - - HYPH cord-173774-idj19hd3 69 6 and and CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 69 7 - - HYPH cord-173774-idj19hd3 69 8 ease ease NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 69 9 - - HYPH cord-173774-idj19hd3 69 10 us -PRON- PRP cord-173774-idj19hd3 69 11 - - HYPH cord-173774-idj19hd3 69 12 out out IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 69 13 - - HYPH cord-173774-idj19hd3 69 14 of of IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 69 15 - - HYPH cord-173774-idj19hd3 69 16 lockdown lockdown NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 69 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 69 18 accessed access VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 69 19 on on IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 69 20 6 6 CD cord-173774-idj19hd3 69 21 May May NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 69 22 2020 2020 CD cord-173774-idj19hd3 69 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 69 24 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 70 1 22 22 CD cord-173774-idj19hd3 70 2 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 71 1 General General NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 71 2 Data Data NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 71 3 Protection Protection NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 71 4 Regulation Regulation NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 71 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 71 6 GDPR GDPR NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 71 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 71 8 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 72 1 Available available JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 72 2 online online RB cord-173774-idj19hd3 72 3 : : : cord-173774-idj19hd3 72 4 https://gdpr-info.eu/ https://gdpr-info.eu/ ADD cord-173774-idj19hd3 72 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 72 6 accessed access VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 72 7 on on IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 72 8 6 6 CD cord-173774-idj19hd3 72 9 May May NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 72 10 2020 2020 CD cord-173774-idj19hd3 72 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 72 12 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 73 1 23 23 CD cord-173774-idj19hd3 73 2 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 74 1 European European NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 74 2 Commission Commission NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 74 3 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 75 1 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 75 2 : : : cord-173774-idj19hd3 75 3 Guidance guidance NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 75 4 to to TO cord-173774-idj19hd3 75 5 ensure ensure VB cord-173774-idj19hd3 75 6 full full JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 75 7 data datum NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 75 8 protection protection NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 75 9 standards standard NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 75 10 of of IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 75 11 apps app NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 75 12 fighting fight VBG cord-173774-idj19hd3 75 13 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 75 14 pandemic pandemic NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 75 15 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 76 1 Available available JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 76 2 online online RB cord-173774-idj19hd3 76 3 : : : cord-173774-idj19hd3 77 1 https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_20_669 https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_20_669 NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 77 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 77 3 accessed access VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 77 4 on on IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 77 5 6 6 CD cord-173774-idj19hd3 77 6 May May NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 77 7 2020 2020 CD cord-173774-idj19hd3 77 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 77 9 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 78 1 Rolling roll VBG cord-173774-idj19hd3 78 2 updates update NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 78 3 on on IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 78 4 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 78 5 disease disease NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 78 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 78 7 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 78 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 78 9 NHS NHS NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 78 10 contact contact NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 78 11 tracing trace VBG cord-173774-idj19hd3 78 12 app app NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 78 13 : : : cord-173774-idj19hd3 78 14 how how WRB cord-173774-idj19hd3 78 15 does do VBZ cord-173774-idj19hd3 78 16 it -PRON- PRP cord-173774-idj19hd3 78 17 work work VB cord-173774-idj19hd3 78 18 and and CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 78 19 when when WRB cord-173774-idj19hd3 78 20 can can MD cord-173774-idj19hd3 78 21 you -PRON- PRP cord-173774-idj19hd3 78 22 download download VB cord-173774-idj19hd3 78 23 it -PRON- PRP cord-173774-idj19hd3 78 24 ? ? . cord-173774-idj19hd3 79 1 The the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 79 2 Telegraph Telegraph NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 80 1 The the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 80 2 UK UK NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 80 3 's 's POS cord-173774-idj19hd3 80 4 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 80 5 contacts contact NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 80 6 - - HYPH cord-173774-idj19hd3 80 7 tracing trace VBG cord-173774-idj19hd3 80 8 app app NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 80 9 explained explain VBD cord-173774-idj19hd3 80 10 NHSX NHSX NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 80 11 differs differ VBZ cord-173774-idj19hd3 80 12 with with IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 80 13 Apple Apple NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 80 14 and and CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 80 15 Google Google NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 80 16 over over IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 80 17 contact contact NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 80 18 - - HYPH cord-173774-idj19hd3 80 19 tracing tracing NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 80 20 app app NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 80 21 Without without IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 80 22 Apple Apple NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 80 23 and and CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 80 24 Google Google NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 80 25 , , , cord-173774-idj19hd3 80 26 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 80 27 UK UK NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 80 28 's 's POS cord-173774-idj19hd3 80 29 contact contact NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 80 30 - - HYPH cord-173774-idj19hd3 80 31 tracing tracing NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 80 32 app app NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 80 33 is be VBZ cord-173774-idj19hd3 80 34 in in IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 80 35 trouble trouble NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 81 1 Google Google NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 81 2 ban ban NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 81 3 use use NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 81 4 of of IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 81 5 location location NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 81 6 tracking tracking NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 81 7 in in IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 81 8 contact contact NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 81 9 tracing trace VBG cord-173774-idj19hd3 81 10 apps app NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 81 11 Mobile Mobile NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 81 12 applications application NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 81 13 to to TO cord-173774-idj19hd3 81 14 support support VB cord-173774-idj19hd3 81 15 contact contact NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 81 16 tracing trace VBG cord-173774-idj19hd3 81 17 in in IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 81 18 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 81 19 EU EU NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 81 20 's 's POS cord-173774-idj19hd3 81 21 fight fight NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 81 22 against against IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 81 23 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 81 24 Guidelines Guidelines NNPS cord-173774-idj19hd3 81 25 04/2020 04/2020 CD cord-173774-idj19hd3 81 26 on on IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 81 27 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 81 28 use use NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 81 29 of of IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 81 30 location location NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 81 31 data datum NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 81 32 and and CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 81 33 contact contact NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 81 34 tracing tracing NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 81 35 tools tool NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 81 36 in in IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 81 37 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 81 38 context context NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 81 39 of of IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 81 40 the the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 81 41 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 81 42 outbreak outbreak NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 82 1 The the DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 82 2 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 82 3 contact contact NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 82 4 tracing trace VBG cord-173774-idj19hd3 82 5 privacy privacy NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 82 6 debate debate NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 82 7 kicks kick VBZ cord-173774-idj19hd3 82 8 up up RP cord-173774-idj19hd3 82 9 another another DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 82 10 gear gear NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 83 1 Available available JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 83 2 online online JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 83 3 EU EU NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 83 4 privacy privacy NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 83 5 experts expert NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 83 6 push push VBP cord-173774-idj19hd3 83 7 a a DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 83 8 decentralized decentralized JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 83 9 approach approach NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 83 10 to to IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 83 11 COVID-19 covid-19 VB cord-173774-idj19hd3 83 12 contacts contact NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 83 13 tracing trace VBG cord-173774-idj19hd3 83 14 Governments government NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 83 15 have have VBP cord-173774-idj19hd3 83 16 to to TO cord-173774-idj19hd3 83 17 decide decide VB cord-173774-idj19hd3 83 18 whether whether IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 83 19 to to TO cord-173774-idj19hd3 83 20 scrap scrap VB cord-173774-idj19hd3 83 21 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-173774-idj19hd3 83 22 own own JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 83 23 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-173774-idj19hd3 83 24 contact contact NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 83 25 tracing trace VBG cord-173774-idj19hd3 83 26 apps app NNS cord-173774-idj19hd3 83 27 in in IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 83 28 favor favor NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 83 29 of of IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 83 30 tech tech NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 83 31 built build VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 83 32 by by IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 83 33 Apple Apple NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 83 34 and and CC cord-173774-idj19hd3 83 35 Google Google NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 83 36 . . . cord-173774-idj19hd3 84 1 Here here RB cord-173774-idj19hd3 84 2 's be VBZ cord-173774-idj19hd3 84 3 what what WP cord-173774-idj19hd3 84 4 's be VBZ cord-173774-idj19hd3 84 5 at at IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 84 6 stake stake NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 84 7 Vulnerabilities Vulnerabilities NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 84 8 Mapping Mapping NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 84 9 based base VBN cord-173774-idj19hd3 84 10 on on IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 84 11 OWASP OWASP NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 84 12 - - HYPH cord-173774-idj19hd3 84 13 SANS sans NN cord-173774-idj19hd3 84 14 : : : cord-173774-idj19hd3 85 1 A a DT cord-173774-idj19hd3 85 2 Survey Survey NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 85 3 for for IN cord-173774-idj19hd3 85 4 Static Static NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 85 5 Application Application NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 85 6 Security Security NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 85 7 Testing Testing NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 85 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-173774-idj19hd3 85 9 SAST SAST NNP cord-173774-idj19hd3 85 10 ) ) -RRB-