Summary of your 'study carrel' ============================== This is a summary of your Distant Reader 'study carrel'. The Distant Reader harvested & cached your content into a collection/corpus. It then applied sets of natural language processing and text mining against the collection. The results of this process was reduced to a database file -- a 'study carrel'. The study carrel can then be queried, thus bringing light specific characteristics for your collection. These characteristics can help you summarize the collection as well as enumerate things you might want to investigate more closely. This report is a terse narrative report, and when processing is complete you will be linked to a more complete narrative report. Eric Lease Morgan Number of items in the collection; 'How big is my corpus?' ---------------------------------------------------------- 87 Average length of all items measured in words; "More or less, how big is each item?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2948 Average readability score of all items (0 = difficult; 100 = easy) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 48 Top 50 statistically significant keywords; "What is my collection about?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 84 blood 28 patient 17 cell 15 transfusion 14 study 14 result 12 group 12 dna 11 PCR 10 method 10 increase 10 donor 10 ABO 9 platelet 9 disease 9 Hospital 9 HIV 9 HBV 8 level 8 day 8 HCV 7 test 7 RBC 7 NAT 7 HLA 7 COVID-19 6 sample 6 effect 6 ICU 5 treatment 5 high 5 dog 5 cause 5 animal 5 University 5 TRALI 5 RHD 5 FFP 5 DAT 4 pulmonary 4 pressure 4 liver 4 figure 4 conclusion 4 antibody 4 anti 4 Transfusion 4 SARS 4 RNA 4 LPS Top 50 lemmatized nouns; "What is discussed?" --------------------------------------------- 20511 blood 17999 patient 16901 % 7644 cell 7418 transfusion 7003 study 6959 donor 6430 group 5995 result 4993 platelet 4870 method 4813 day 4467 level 4367 sample 4357 disease 4330 time 4133 plasma 4006 case 3689 antibody 3590 system 3560 infection 3461 treatment 3449 test 3352 risk 3311 effect 3105 unit 3072 factor 2933 p 2639 product 2631 year 2521 datum 2477 rate 2477 control 2456 dog 2430 use 2406 donation 2381 ml 2378 analysis 2355 type 2306 concentration 2262 therapy 2086 number 2065 value 2052 hour 2035 antigen 1997 hospital 1965 reaction 1939 procedure 1938 conclusion 1911 response Top 50 proper nouns; "What are the names of persons or places?" -------------------------------------------------------------- 1607 RBC 1480 ICU 1468 mg 1226 C 1017 Blood 991 HCV 962 al 945 . 908 kg 856 PCR 851 ABO 824 et 812 II 806 HIV 765 T 759 A 756 - 745 B 699 D 695 Hb 689 HBV 673 LPS 657 HLA 651 • 647 Background 632 L 629 Transfusion 627 Study 627 AE 593 TNF 590 RHD 571 Rh 545 S 540 University 530 Design 522 Hospital 502 Case 486 Studies 486 NAT 484 Summary 473 M 466 Conclusions 455 RNA 445 IV 422 ARDS 413 IL-6 400 Care 393 FFP 390 United 390 Group Top 50 personal pronouns nouns; "To whom are things referred?" ------------------------------------------------------------- 5638 we 4805 it 1517 they 930 i 748 them 420 he 373 one 235 she 180 us 155 you 105 itself 52 themselves 22 me 19 him 14 himself 11 her 7 s 7 ourselves 6 p210bcr 5 em 3 irbcs 2 yourself 2 thee 2 p-450 2 oneself 2 igg4 2 aptt 1 wi~ 1 tv/ 1 tnf~ 1 tnfrt 1 thy 1 ta 1 t 1 srbcs 1 sglt2-inhibitors 1 p~ 1 p.dligh]cine 1 ol!guria 1 ofvwd 1 oct 1 myself 1 magpixv 1 m 1 j824 1 interferon-7 1 indapamide 1 ifitem 1 hom'~ 1 his Top 50 lemmatized verbs; "What do things do?" --------------------------------------------- 95395 be 14128 have 8366 use 4170 increase 3887 include 3570 show 3035 perform 2946 do 2703 follow 2701 compare 2701 associate 2442 find 2239 reduce 2157 cause 2087 occur 2057 determine 1968 base 1911 decrease 1906 require 1899 develop 1880 evaluate 1872 treat 1790 report 1779 receive 1754 identify 1688 detect 1666 measure 1657 test 1649 see 1640 provide 1590 induce 1574 observe 1570 obtain 1554 result 1481 collect 1395 give 1393 make 1341 improve 1298 suggest 1298 relate 1252 indicate 1232 lead 1203 consider 1153 aim 1141 assess 1130 remain 1122 investigate 1113 take 1110 present 1102 need Top 50 lemmatized adjectives and adverbs; "How are things described?" --------------------------------------------------------------------- 7720 not 6457 - 4882 high 3874 also 3818 clinical 3435 other 3414 more 3148 low 2813 anti 2757 positive 2621 most 2583 only 2553 well 2393 such 2393 significant 2302 however 2276 severe 2184 red 2064 acute 2017 first 1928 significantly 1891 normal 1890 different 1812 negative 1808 as 1669 non 1583 specific 1559 human 1505 respiratory 1491 pulmonary 1414 common 1361 whole 1360 cardiac 1348 new 1339 further 1327 large 1304 important 1262 respectively 1262 less 1251 small 1251 mean 1234 possible 1226 early 1203 present 1203 available 1152 total 1143 many 1112 renal 1053 medical 1051 bacterial Top 50 lemmatized superlative adjectives; "How are things described to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 702 most 388 least 281 Most 260 good 230 high 106 low 72 large 50 great 40 safe 37 common 30 bad 28 late 21 early 16 strong 15 small 15 old 15 big 13 young 13 long 13 easy 13 close 11 near 10 short 5 fresh 4 simple 4 rare 4 poor 4 -E 3 wide 3 weak 3 postsurgery 3 clear 3 E(13.4 3 226/303 3 -H 3 -Diagast 2 narrow 2 mild 2 few 1 ≤180 1 ~trointesfimd 1 ~I 1 thick 1 tDC 1 swD 1 strict 1 straight 1 steep 1 steady 1 slight Top 50 lemmatized superlative adverbs; "How do things do to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1919 most 286 least 51 well 6 highest 2 hard 1 ® 1 strongest 1 shortest 1 s2&3 1 lowest 1 long 1 freshest 1 fast 1 cm² 1 -tion Top 50 Internet domains; "What Webbed places are alluded to in this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 doi.org 5 bit.ly 3 www.nrlqa.net 3 www.mederrors.com. 3 www.hsph.harvard.edu 2 creativecommons.org 1 zha 1 www.youtu 1 www.rcsb.org 1 www.nasphv.org 1 www.mdpi.com 1 www.isbtweb.org 1 www.g6pd.org 1 www.finngen.fi 1 www.fda.gov 1 www.expertmed.it 1 www.compbio.dundee.ac.uk 1 www.chinarareblood.cn)was 1 www.cdc.gov 1 vakser.compbio.ku.edu 1 va 1 sparks-lab.org 1 servicesn.mbi.ucla.edu 1 robetta.bakerlab.org 1 raptorx.uchicago.edu 1 protein.ict.ac.cn 1 prosa.services.came.sb 1 predictprotein.org 1 links.lww.com 1 join.slack.com 1 globin.cse 1 eufrattool.ecdc.europa.eu 1 edc.clinflash.net 1 dx.doi.org 1 dx 1 docs.google.com 1 bloodandboneseminar.com 1 bit Top 50 URLs; "What is hyperlinked from this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------- 4 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.12.20152074 3 http://www.nrlqa.net 3 http://www.mederrors.com. 3 http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/cearegistry 1 http://zha 1 http://www.youtu 1 http://www.rcsb.org/structure/3nvq 1 http://www.nasphv.org/ 1 http://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/9/4/117/s1 1 http://www.isbtweb.org/working-parties/red-cell-immunogenetics-and-bloodgroup-terminology/ 1 http://www.g6pd.org/favism/english/index.mv 1 http://www.finngen.fi/ 1 http://www.fda.gov 1 http://www.expertmed.it 1 http://www.compbio.dundee.ac.uk/jpred4/ 1 http://www.chinarareblood.cn)was 1 http://www.cdc.gov/ 1 http://vakser.compbio.ku.edu/resources/gramm/grammx/ 1 http://va 1 http://sparks-lab.org/server/SPIDER2/ 1 http://servicesn.mbi.ucla.edu/Verify3D/ 1 http://robetta.bakerlab.org/submit 1 http://raptorx.uchicago.edu 1 http://protein.ict.ac.cn/TreeThreader/ 1 http://prosa.services.came.sb 1 http://predictprotein.org 1 http://links.lww.com/MD/E709 1 http://join.slack.com/t/blood 1 http://globin.cse 1 http://eufrattool.ecdc.europa.eu/ 1 http://edc.clinflash.net/shbio 1 http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.22069.001 1 http://dx 1 http://doi.org/10.1186/s40635-020-00301-7.Additional 1 http://doi.org/10 1 http://docs.google.com/ 1 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync/4.0/ 1 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 1 http://bloodandboneseminar.com 1 http://bit.ly/2q51heq 1 http://bit.ly/2pDplF8 1 http://bit.ly/2opqFew 1 http://bit.ly/2oplxHr 1 http://bit.ly/2oHLehE 1 http://bit Top 50 email addresses; "Who are you gonna call?" ------------------------------------------------- 1 yuan.hu@fda.hhs.gov 1 picu@its.mew.edu 1 nicu-net@u.washington.edu Top 50 positive assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-noun?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20 levels were significantly 18 transfusion is not 14 groups were similar 14 patients are not 14 patients were positive 14 patients were randomly 13 blood is not 13 patients did not 13 patients do not 13 studies are necessary 13 test is not 12 cells did not 12 patient did not 12 patients are often 12 results were not 11 cases were positive 11 platelets were not 11 results are available 10 % were male 10 levels were higher 10 levels were lower 10 methods are available 10 patient is not 10 patients were not 10 samples were not 9 % tested patients 9 donors were more 9 levels were not 9 patients were also 9 patients were prospectively 9 studies are available 9 studies have also 8 % were positive 8 antibodies are not 8 antibodies are present 8 cells are not 8 donors was not 8 group was significantly 8 groups did not 8 level was significantly 8 patient does not 8 patients had significantly 8 patients was significantly 8 samples were positive 8 studies have not 7 % had low 7 % were female 7 cells are also 7 cells were also 7 donors did not Top 50 negative assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-no|not-noun?" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 cells are not available 4 patient had no history 4 test is not available 4 treatment had no effect 3 % had no effect 3 antibodies are not clinically 3 antibodies are not generally 3 antibodies had no apparent 3 antibodies had no effect 3 antibodies were not anymore 3 blood is not available 3 blood was not less 3 cell was not present 3 cells do not consistently 3 donors had no major 3 donors have no intention 3 groups did not significantly 3 groups has not statistical 3 levels are not relevant 3 levels were not different 3 levels were not significantly 3 methods are not sufficiently 3 patient had no transfusion 3 patient is no longer 3 patient was not essentially 3 patients is not clear 3 platelets were not available 3 products is not standard 3 results show no evidence 3 results showed no discrepancies 3 results were not statistically 3 transfusion are not well 3 transfusions are not consistent 3 treatment did not significantly 3 treatment is not available 2 % had no confidence 2 blood is not infectious 2 blood is not routinely 2 donor has not yet 2 donors were not able 2 patient had no risk 2 patients were not subsequently 2 products are not available 2 studies are not available 2 tests are not available 2 transfusion had no effect 2 transfusion has not yet 1 % had no change 1 % had no clinical 1 % had no risk A rudimentary bibliography -------------------------- id = cord-299422-s5evsj96 author = Abdollahi, Alireza title = The Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Vulnerability Association with ABO/Rh Blood Types date = 2020-05-23 keywords = ABO; SARS; blood summary = CONCLUSION: Similar to several previous studies about other viral diseases'' association with ABO histo-blood groups, we have concluded that an individual''s ABO histo-blood group phenotype and his/her susceptibility to COVID-19 are indeed connected. Previous researches have proved the potential role of ABO blood groups on a host''s genetic susceptibility to various viral diseases such as influenza, Ebola, enteric viruses, and SARS-CoV infections (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) . In the present study, 397 COVID-19 patients and 500 normal controls were analyzed to evaluate the association of the ABO histo-blood group phenotypes with COVID-19 disease in the Iranian population. Further studies are required to determine the exact mechanism through which ABO blood group influences COVID-19 susceptibility, which could be helpful in patient management and disease control. However, our results were discordant regarding the ABO histo-blood antigens which make people susceptible to COVID-19 (AB versus A histo-blood group phenotype in Iran and China, respectively). doi = 10.30699/ijp.2020.125135.2367 id = cord-291644-5y0ioety author = Akiyama, Tomohiro title = The Natural-Mineral-Based Novel Nanomaterial IFMC Increases Intravascular Nitric Oxide without Its Intake: Implications for COVID-19 and beyond date = 2020-08-29 keywords = COVID-19; IFMC; Japan; SARS; blood; increase summary = title: The Natural-Mineral-Based Novel Nanomaterial IFMC Increases Intravascular Nitric Oxide without Its Intake: Implications for COVID-19 and beyond Since the long-term continuous measurement of intravascular NO was impossible, complementary tests were conducted to determine whether IFMC could increase the surface temperature, blood flow rate, velocity and vessel diameter in the human body. The present study confirmed that the natural-mineral-based novel nanomaterial IFMC, with a size of tens of nanometres (Figure 1 ), could induce an increase of intravascular NO (Figure 3) , vasodilation (vessel diameter) and blood flow rate in a living body (Figure 4) , as well as an increase of the surface temperature of a hand including fingers ( Figure 5 ). To summarise, our inter-and trans-disciplinary approach revealed that the natural-mineral-based novel nanomaterial IFMC can induce an increase of intravascular NO, vasodilation and blood flow rate, as well as an increase of hand surface temperature in a living body. doi = 10.3390/nano10091699 id = cord-310254-ko1sptzm author = Attri, Bhawna title = Basal-Bolus Insulin Regimen for Hospitalised Patients with COVID-19 and Diabetes Mellitus: A Practical Approach date = 2020-07-18 keywords = COVID-19; blood; insulin summary = The aim of this article is to provide a practical guidance for the use of the basal-bolus insulin regimen in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus. We provide a comprehensive review on the use of the basal-bolus insulin regimen, including its principles, rationale, indications, prerequisites, initiation, and dose titration, and also suggest targets for blood glucose control and different levels of capillary blood glucose monitoring. Various case scenarios are used to illustrate how optimal glucose control can be achieved, such as through adjustments in doses of prandial and basal insulin, the use of correctional insulin dosing and changes in the timing and content of major and minor meals. This review provides a practical guidance on the use of the basal-bolus insulin regimen in patients with diabetes mellitus hospitalised with COVID-19. doi = 10.1007/s13300-020-00873-3 id = cord-327139-u5rzp2h4 author = Barrett, Claire L. title = Primary healthcare practitioners and patient blood management in Africa in the time of coronavirus disease 2019: Safeguarding the blood supply date = 2020-05-21 keywords = Africa; blood summary = title: Primary healthcare practitioners and patient blood management in Africa in the time of coronavirus disease 2019: Safeguarding the blood supply Whilst commendable work has been performed in health disaster risk management in Africa, 2 and recommendations made on how to maintain the blood supply during infectious outbreaks and the COVID-19 pandemic, 3, 4 no recommendation can entirely safeguard the blood supply. By implementing principles of patient blood management, primary healthcare practitioners may play an important role in the resilience of the blood supply during the COVID-19 pandemic. By implementing principles of patient blood management, primary healthcare practitioners may play an important role in the resilience of the blood supply during the COVID-19 pandemic. If these principles are applied to all patients who receive primary healthcare during the pandemic, the blood supply may be safeguarded for those who need it most. doi = 10.4102/phcfm.v12i1.2457 id = cord-027659-rxbo7b0e author = Bates, Imelda title = Blood Transfusion date = 2020-06-22 keywords = HIV; blood; donor; transfusion summary = Hospital-based transfusion services place an enormous burden on laboratory resources and on the families of patients because they are responsible for fi nding suitable blood donors. 2 In wealthy countries with nationally or regionally centralized transfusion services, blood donor recruitment, and screening and processing of donated blood, are carried out in purpose-built centres which are separate from the hospitals where the blood is transfused. Infections with organisms that are common in tropical countries, such as HIV-1 and -2, hepatitis A, B, C and D, cytomegalovirus, syphilis, lyme borreliosis, malaria, babesiosis, American trypanosomiasis (Chagas'' disease) and toxoplasmosis, can all be acquired through blood transfusions. Further research to assess the risks and benefi ts of screening blood for malaria is needed, particularly in relation to pregnant women and patients with HIV infection. doi = 10.1016/b978-1-4160-4470-3.50018-5 id = cord-269839-jxqs51o5 author = Bitome-Essono, Paul-Yannick title = Tracking zoonotic pathogens using blood-sucking flies as ''flying syringes'' date = 2017-03-28 keywords = PCR; blood; dna summary = This study demonstrates that using hematophagous flies as ''flying syringes'' constitutes an interesting approach to investigate blood-borne pathogen diversity in wild vertebrates and could be used as an early detection tool of zoonotic pathogens. The omnipresence of hematophagous flies in certain habitats and their opportunistic blood-feeding behaviour (Muturi et al., 2011; Muzari et al., 2010; Späth, 2000) make of them compelling candidates to obtain blood meals from different vertebrate hosts for pathogen detection. In the present study, we investigated the possibility of using hematophagous flies as ''flying syringes'' to explore the diversity of extant malaria parasites (Haemosporida) infecting wild vertebrates living in the forests of Gabon (Central Africa). Overall, the blood meal origin was successfully identified in 428 fly samples (35%) using a PCR system amplifying long fragments of Cytb (450 bp) or COI genes (330 bp or 660 bp). In this study, we tested whether hematophagous flies could be used as ''flying syringes'' to identify blood-borne pathogens circulating in the wild vertebrate fauna of Gabon. doi = 10.7554/elife.22069 id = cord-022561-rv5j1201 author = Boes, Katie M. title = Bone Marrow, Blood Cells, and the Lymphoid/Lymphatic System date = 2017-02-17 keywords = EMH; Fig; anemia; animal; blood; cause; cell; chapter; disease; disorder; dog; lymph; lymphocyte; lymphoid; lymphoma; marrow; node; red; spleen summary = Mechanisms contributing to glucocorticoid-mediated neutrophilia include the following: • Increased release of mature neutrophils from the bone marrow storage pool • Decreased margination of neutrophils within the vasculature, with a resulting increase in the circulating pool • Decreased migration of neutrophils from the bloodstream into tissues The magnitude of neutrophilia tends to be species dependent, with dogs having the most pronounced response (up to 35,000 cells/µL) and in decreasing order of responsiveness, cats (30,000 cells/µL), horses (20,000 cells/µL), and cattle (15,000 cells/µL) having less marked responses. As a result, animals with Chédiak-Higashi 746.e1 CHAPTER 13 Bone Marrow, Blood Cells, and the Lymphoid/Lymphatic System von Willebrand disease (vWD) is the most common canine hereditary bleeding disorder and has also been described in many other domestic species. doi = 10.1016/b978-0-323-35775-3.00013-8 id = cord-315077-i1xjcuae author = Branda, John A. title = Utilization management in microbiology date = 2014-01-01 keywords = blood; culture; test summary = The results of testing in the microbiology laboratory have significant effects on the cost of clinical care, especially costs related to antimicrobial agents and infection control practices. Consequently many of the successful utilization management interventions described in clinical microbiology have targeted not just the volume of tests performed in the laboratory, but also the downstream costs of care. In a number of cases, the initiative''s success arose not only from a reduction in laboratory testing per se, but rather also from its impact in the clinical care arena (for example, a reduction in antibiotic use or hospital length of length-of-stay). Each day, a microbiology fellow and laboratory director review the clinical history, culture results and susceptibility test results for all patients newly started on a carbapenem, to determine appropriate versus inappropriate use of the drugs. doi = 10.1016/j.cca.2013.09.031 id = cord-302690-0v7ne7vi author = Chow, Clara K. title = Ultra-low-dose quadruple combination blood pressure lowering therapy in patients with hypertension: The QUARTET randomized controlled trial protocol() date = 2020-10-02 keywords = blood; difference; dose; pressure summary = title: Ultra-low-dose quadruple combination blood pressure lowering therapy in patients with hypertension: The QUARTET randomized controlled trial protocol() The QUARTET (Quadruple UltrA-low-dose tReaTment for hypErTension) double-blind, active controlled, randomized clinical trial will examine whether ultra-low-dose quadruple combination therapy is more effective than guideline recommended standard care, in lowering blood pressure. The primary objective of the Quadruple UltrA-low-dose tReatment for hypErTension (QUARTET) trial is to examine 153 whether ultra-low-dose quadruple combination therapy (quadpill) is more effective than guideline recommended 154 therapy with an ARB plus a CCB if required in lowering blood pressure. Participants are 159 randomized in a 1:1 allocation ratio using a central computer-based service, to initial therapy with quadpill or to a 160 standard dose of an ARB, with a CCB added as required, as per current guideline recommendations ( Figure 1 ). Fixed low-dose triple combination antihypertensive medication vs usual 683 care for blood pressure control in patients with mild to moderate hypertension in sri lanka: A randomized 684 clinical trial doi = 10.1016/j.ahj.2020.09.017 id = cord-006039-vbq9izw3 author = Coban, Cevayir title = Tissue-specific immunopathology during malaria infection date = 2018-01-15 keywords = Plasmodium; blood; cell; malaria; tissue summary = In this Review, we emphasize the need to focus on host interactions with Plasmodium parasites at various tissue levels and the importance of targeting local and specific organ failure and/or pathologies during, as well as long after, infection. Overall, while the process of sequestration is not completely understood, it is known to cause obstruction of blood flow in small capillaries and post-capillary venules (PCVs), endothelial cell activation and inflammation and severe pathology in many organs including lung, adipose tissue, spleen and brain 52, 53, 65, 66 (FIG. This unique brain pathology, known as cerebral malaria, involves convulsions, coma and high fever and develops with the presence of mostly ring-stage infected erythrocytes in the periphery (suggesting a sequestration of late-stage parasites in the organs) [69] [70] [71] . Malaria is a serious disease with acute life-threatening and long-term complications, all of which can be attributed to local but specific organs in which Plasmodium Figure 4 | Infected red blood cells in gut and bone marrow niches. doi = 10.1038/nri.2017.138 id = cord-331289-02411gfv author = Di Minno, Giovanni title = Current concepts in the prevention of pathogen transmission via blood/plasma-derived products for bleeding disorders() date = 2015-07-20 keywords = B19; HBV; HIV; NAT; blood; virus summary = In general, clinicians assess the level of risk associated with the use of blood/ plasma-derived products by evaluating factors such as patient characteristics (e.g. age, immune status, geographical location, lifestyle) and the nature of the pathogen (e.g. physical characteristics, level of virulence, chronicity of infection, prevalence). Current donor selection and screening practices have improved our ability to detect or reduce the presence of pathogens in blood/plasma-derived products; for example, the residual risk of transfusion-transmitted infection (TTI) with HIV/HBV/HCV has fallen to near or less than 1 per million transfused units [14, 15] . Since TTV is often detected in healthy individuals and is not associated with any particular disease, routine screening for this virus is not considered to be necessary; even a test with excellent sensitivity/specificity would not contribute to increase the level of safety of blood/plasma-derived products with regard to TTV. doi = 10.1016/j.blre.2015.07.004 id = cord-274061-ynqxgyw6 author = Epstein, Jay S. title = Blood system changes since recognition of transfusion‐associated AIDS date = 2013-10-17 keywords = AIDS; FDA; States; United; blood summary = In a set of 14 recommendations directed primarily at federal agencies, the IOM called for a more responsive and integrated decision-making process including establishment of a Blood Safety Council reporting to a designated Blood Safety Director within HHS and a standing "expert panel" to assure communication of blood product risks and alternatives to their use both to care providers and to the public. Several possible strategies were presented, including deferral of blood donations by persons known to be at increased risk for AIDS and the use of surrogate tests to identify persons at increased risk of transmission, such as those with detectable antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) or low CD4/CD8 T-cell ratios. The Transfusion Transmitted Virus Study, supported by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, published a retrospective analysis of a prospective study that showed that alanine aminotransferase (ALT) testing of donors might effect a 30% reduction in TAH incidence. doi = 10.1111/trf.12373 id = cord-308614-gsgntf4c author = Eshar, David title = Venipuncture in bats date = 2010 keywords = bat; blood summary = Equipment needed includes a 1-to 3-ml syringe or 0.5-ml insulin syringe; 25-or 27-gauge needles; microtainer collection tubes with heparin and calcium-EDTA; microhematocrit capillary tubes and sealing clay; glass slides; chlorhexidine-based scrub equivalent to 1% of the total body weight at each draw. Venipuncture of the cephalic and the saphenous (interfemoral) veins are two of the best techniques for quick and safe collection of blood in bats. A 25-gauge needle can be used to puncture the vessel in small bats, and the tube can be inserted into the hub of the needle to collect the sample, or if a vein is accidently punctured, blood can be collected into a microhematocrit capillary tube directly from the incision site 2 (Fig. 1) . Venipuncture of the cephalic and saphenous veins without anesthesia usually requires one phlebotomist and one or two individuals to restraint the bat. doi = 10.1038/laban0610-175 id = cord-347890-kx5vka0o author = Fan, Qian title = Association Between ABO Blood Group System and COVID-19 Susceptibility in Wuhan date = 2020-07-21 keywords = ABO; COVID-19; blood summary = Hence, we performed a case-control study to explore the relationship between the ABO blood group and COVID-19 in Wuhan and further classified the populations according to gender. As shown in Table 2 , we performed a combined association analysis between ABO blood group and COVID-19, which showed a statistically significant difference in COVID-19 infection among those with blood type A (P = 0.04, OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.02-1.73) but not blood types B, AB or O (P = 0.48, OR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.66-1.23; P=0.61, OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.53-1.46; and P = 0.23, OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.58-1.15, respectively). In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the contribution of the ABO blood group to COVID-19 susceptibility in Wuhan by employing a case-control association analysis. doi = 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00404 id = cord-281003-7pdhxdzc author = Farmakis, Dimitrios title = COVID‐19 and thalassaemia: A position statement of the Thalassaemia International Federation date = 2020-07-13 keywords = COVID-19; blood; patient summary = METHODS: The present statement summarizes the key challenges concerning the management of haemoglobinopathies, with particular focus on patients with either transfusion‐dependent or non‐transfusion‐dependent thalassaemia, identifies the gaps in knowledge and suggests measures and strategies to deal with the pandemic, based on available evidence and expert opinions. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has affected millions across the world, having caused hundreds of thousands deaths. However, disease-related complications may affect multiple organs including the heart, liver, endocrine glands, lungs and the immune system, thus rendering this patient population at an increased risk to develop serious complications during COVID-19. 2, 3, 11 This is especially so in patients who receive suboptimal management and lack access to modern therapy and Thalassaemia patients do not have the same risk of pulmonary infections with sickle cell disease patients but, they may have multiple organ complications, often due to iron overload, including cardiac and hepatic, diabetes mellitus and endocrine disease. doi = 10.1111/ejh.13476 id = cord-026031-hnf5vayd author = Ford, Richard B. title = Emergency Care date = 2009-05-21 keywords = Box; CNS; CRI; DIC; ECG; animal; blood; care; catheter; cause; clinical; dog; emergency; figure; fluid; immediate; occur; patient; place; severe; sign; surgical; table; treatment; wound summary = Fresh whole blood Coagulopathy with active hemorrhage (disseminated intravascular coagulation, thrombocytopenia; massive acute hemorrhage; no stored blood available) Stored whole blood Massive acute or ongoing hemorrhage; hypovolemic shock caused by hemorrhage that is unresponsive to conventional crystalloid and colloid fluid therapy; unavailability of equipment required to prepare blood components Packed red blood cells Nonregenerative anemia, immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, correction of anemia before surgery, acute or chronic blood loss Fresh frozen plasma Factor depletion associated with active hemorrhage (congenital: von Willebrand''s factor, hemophilia A, hemophilia B; acquired: vitamin K antagonist, rodenticide intoxication, DIC); acute or chronic hypoproteinemia (burns, wound exudates, body cavity effusion; hepatic, renal, or gastrointestinal loss); colostrum replacement in neonates Frozen plasma Acute plasma or protein loss; chronic hypoproteinemia; (contains stable colostrum replacement in neonates; hemophilia B and clotting factors) selected clotting factor deficiencies Platelet-rich plasma* Thrombocytopenia with active hemorrhage (immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, DIC); platelet function abnormality (congenital: thrombasthenia in Bassett hounds; acquired: NSAIDs, other drugs) Cryoprecipitate doi = 10.1016/b0-72-160138-3/50002-3 id = cord-344131-e7phs0jd author = Ford, Richard B. title = Section 4 Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures date = 2012-12-31 keywords = biopsy; blood; cat; catheter; dog; examination; figure; needle; patient; place; procedure; sample; skin; technique; tube summary = Before actually collecting and submitting a sample to a laboratory for bacterial culture, it is appropriate (whenever feasible to do so) to prepare, stain, and examine, under direct microscopy, exudates or fluid from the suspect material or tissue. Fine-needle aspiration, the use of needle and syringe to remove cells from normal and abnormal tissue, apply them to a glass slide, stain the smear, and review the results immediately is among the most useful, cost-effective procedures available in clinical practice. Do not remove the syringe from the tissue while maintaining negative pressure, because this can Enlargement of nucleus or nuclei larger than 10 nm Decreased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio Multinucleation because of abnormal mitosis Abnormal or frequent mitosis Variations in size and shape of nuclei Increase in size and number of nucleoli Increased basophilia of cellular cytoplasm; increased RNA content Anisokaryosis or pleomorphism Multinucleated giant cells box 4-4 cytologic feAtuRes of mAlignAncy 4 result in the aspiration of significant amounts of blood from the skin, thereby significantly diluting the sample with peripheral blood. doi = 10.1016/b978-1-4377-0798-4.00004-9 id = cord-306881-wrd2rhjz author = Gehrie, Eric title = Transfusion Service Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-06-25 keywords = COVID-19; SARS; blood summary = In this article, we highlight "best practices" that have emerged during the pandemic, focusing on management of blood supply and blood bank operations, rapid incorporation of COVID-19 convalescent plasma into blood bank inventory, and changes to the approach to the patient requiring therapeutic apheresis. Extrapolation from previous experience with SARS-CoV, Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome, and influenza, and with the strong backing of statements by AABB, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), as well as the preliminary experience of other areas that were afflicted by COVID-19 prior to its wide spread in the United States, blood bankers were able to convince most stakeholders that the true risk to the blood supply was not SARS-CoV-2 itself, but rather social distancing practices resulting in an interruption to the critically needed blood supply. doi = 10.1093/ajcp/aqaa111 id = cord-278032-27ikx97x author = GÖKER, Hakan title = The effects of blood group types on the risk of COVID-19 infection and its clinical outcome date = 2020-06-23 keywords = blood; group summary = The aim of this study is to investigate whether there exists a relationship between the blood groups of the patients and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Few studies on SARS-CoV-1 demonstrated that there exists a relationship between infection risk and the blood types and that the blood group O was somewhat protective against the SARS-CoV-1 [5, 6] . The aim of this study is to investigate the distribution and relationship between the blood groups amongst the COVID-19 patients and their clinical outcomes at a referral university hospital. The present study included 207 patients who were followed at Hacettepe University School of Medicine Hospitals between 10/03/2020 and 05/05/2020 with the COVID-19 infection who were positive for the SARS-CoV-2 RNA test through PCR from the nasopharyngeal swab, and who were approached in accordance with the treatment guidelines of the Turkish Ministry of Health. doi = 10.3906/sag-2005-395 id = cord-312580-r57rkrya author = Harcourt-Brown, Frances title = Chapter 6 Clinical pathology date = 2002-12-31 keywords = Brown; Harcourt; blood; calcium; concentration; disease; level; rabbit summary = (1982) analysed the haematolog-• Rabbit blood clots quickly and haemolyses easily • Food deprivation does not guarantee a fasting blood sample as rabbits ingest caecotrophs • Stress associated with transport or handling can affect parameters such as blood glucose and the distribution of neutrophils and lymphocytes • Pregnancy, anaesthesia, blood collection techniques and intravenous fluid therapy will influence some blood results • Time of day can influence blood results as many parameters follow a duirnal rhythm in common with many physiological processes in rabbits • Laboratory reference ranges are often derived from animals of the same breed and strain. In two studies by Krueger (1988, 1989) controlled experimental infections with Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans resulted in fever, increased plasma cortisol concentrations, neutrophilia and lymphopaenia but no significant increase in total white blood cell count. doi = 10.1016/b978-075064002-2.50009-6 id = cord-273388-615acz0l author = He, Miao title = The Impact of Emerging Infectious Diseases on Chinese Blood Safety() date = 2016-11-04 keywords = China; DENV; EID; blood; chinese summary = Although the implementation of mandatory testing for 4 classical transfusion-transmitted infectious—human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and syphilis—has reduced the transfusion risk of these pathogens, the potential threat of various EID agents and their constantly evolving variants to blood safety in China is not fully understood. The threat of these EID agents to blood safety varies, due to different spreading patterns, transmission routes, epidemiologic characteristics, and endemic status; therefore, they need to be specifically evaluated in each country or area. Although no infection cases transmitted by transfusion have been reported, the existence of Brucella DNA in donors'' plasma samples indicates potential risk of transfusion-transmitted brucellosis in endemic areas and warrants future investigation. Although no transfusion-transmitted HTLV infections have been reported, the surveillance of HTLV among blood donors and the evaluation of its impact on blood safety continue to be studied in China. doi = 10.1016/j.tmrv.2016.10.002 id = cord-026021-b8vtmr9h author = Hohenhaus, Ann E. title = Blood Transfusion and Blood Substitutes date = 2011-06-22 keywords = DEA; Oxyglobin; blood; cat; cell; dog; transfusion summary = A plasma transfusion counteracts the anticoagulant effects of rodenticide intoxication in one dog, and red blood cells from the same donor provides enhanced oxygen-carrying capacity in a second, anemic dog. Whole blood contains red blood cells, clotting factors, proteins, and platelets and is the product most commonly transfused into dogs and cats. With the identification of a new red blood cell antigen in both dogs and cats, recommendations for appropriate compatibility testing before the first transfusion are a currently being revaluated. 5, 37, 40, 132 The best example of an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction in veterinary medicine is the administration of type A red blood cells to a type B cat. Crossmatching does not prevent sensitization to red blood cell antigens, which may result in a hemolytic reaction during future transfusions because it detects only antibodies that are currently present in the donor or recipient. doi = 10.1016/b978-1-4377-0654-3.00031-7 id = cord-012354-2f5oq9e5 author = Holtkötter, Hannah title = Forensic differentiation between peripheral and menstrual blood in cases of alleged sexual assault—validating an immunochromatographic multiplex assay for simultaneous detection of human hemoglobin and D-dimer date = 2017-10-23 keywords = PMB; blood summary = Moreover, we aimed to evaluate (1) the sensitivity of the PMB test by considering serial dilutions of peripheral blood and menstrual fluid, (2) possible influences of and cross-reactivity with other biological secretions, and blood from various species, (3) possible false-positive results on blood from aged donors and deceased''s peripheral blood, (4) the viability of DNA extraction and amplification from the residual blood diluted on the remaining buffer, (5) a case example involving a historical ethnological artifact, and (6) the performance of the test on blood samples from ten cases of alleged sexual assault. Best results, with clear, balanced signals for both hemoglobin and D-dimer presence, were received with a concentration of 360 nl of menstrual fluid (3 μl in 1000 μl buffer), Fig. 2 Heat maps of a signals for D-dimer presence with the 300 and 400 ng/ml cut-off (donor 1 to 16 = dried blood, donor 17 = liquid blood), b the sensitivity study, c the mixtures and cross-reactivity testing, d blood collected from aged donors, and e postmortem blood samples. doi = 10.1007/s00414-017-1719-y id = cord-010772-e7kfe87q author = Hospach, Ingeborg title = In vitro characterization of PrismaLung+: a novel ECCO(2)R device date = 2020-05-13 keywords = A.L.ONE; blood; removal summary = Advances in extracorporeal CO(2) removal (ECCO(2)R) technologies may facilitate more protective lung ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome, and enable earlier weaning and/or avoid invasive mechanical ventilation entirely in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations. As the volume flow of gases, i.e., the CO 2 removal rate, is temperature-and pressure-dependent, data were calculated at standard reference conditions, 0°C and 25°C (STP as defined by IUPAC), in addition to the physiological conditions, 37°C, for the PrismaLung+ device at a p in CO2 of 45 mmHg and Q B range of 200-450 mL/min (Fig. 3a) . In our in vitro study, pressure drop values across the three devices were relatively low, with levels of up to 25 mmHg with PrismaLung+ (surface area 0.8 m 2 ) at a blood flow rate of 450 mL/min. doi = 10.1186/s40635-020-00301-7 id = cord-015941-4fz79wzf author = Hu, Yuan title = Molecular Techniques for Blood and Blood Product Screening date = 2018-11-10 keywords = HBV; HCV; PCR; blood; dna summary = Through the application of molecular biology, biological and biochemical analyses have been revolutionized, and nucleic acid, gene-based techniques have been developed to screen blood and plasma donations for evidence of very recent and earlier viral infections that might otherwise be missed by conventional serologic testing. Because NAT detects a virus''s genetic material instead of waiting for the body''s response, the formation of antibodies, as with many current tests, it offers the opportunity to reduce the window period during which an infecting agent is undetectable by traditional tests [21] , thus further improving blood safety. One reason for this is that currently available blood screening technologies detect core antibodies or surface antigens, which appear up to 8 weeks after infection. The anti-HBc test developed in 1987 detects an antibody to the hepatitis B virus that is produced during and after infection. Detection of HIV-1 and HCV infections among antibody-negative blood donors by nucleic acid-amplification testing doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-95111-9_2 id = cord-017948-fqhl1qb4 author = Hu, Yuan title = Molecular Techniques for Blood and Blood Product Screening date = 2012-04-05 keywords = HBV; HCV; PCR; blood; dna summary = Currently, nucleic acid testing techniques have been developed to screen blood and plasma products for evidence of very recent viral infections that could be missed by conventional serologic tests. Through the application of molecular biology, biological and biochemical analyses have been revolutionized, and nucleic acid, gene-based techniques have been developed to screen blood and plasma donations for evidence of very recent and earlier viral infections that might otherwise be missed by conventional serologic testing. Because NAT detects a virus''s genetic material instead of waiting for the body''s response, the formation of antibodies, as with many current tests, it offers the opportunity to reduce the window period during which an infecting agent is undetectable by traditional tests [ 19 ] , thus further improving blood safety. Detection of HIV-1 and HCV infections among antibody-negative blood donors by nucleic acid-ampli fi cation testing doi = 10.1007/978-1-4614-3970-7_28 id = cord-317250-a5ni1s9e author = Jackson, Ronald S. title = Wine, food, and health date = 2020-04-10 keywords = Fig; acetaldehyde; acid; addition; alcohol; blood; consumption; content; effect; ethanol; food; phenolic; red; wine summary = Abusive ethanol consumption can cause cirrhosis of the liver, increase the likelihood of hypertension and stroke, favor the development of breast and digestive tract cancers, induce fetal alcohol syndrome, among others. Despite the general beneficial effects of moderate amounts of alcohol on digestion, the phenolic content of red wine may counter some of these influences. The effect on the latter two groups appears reflected in the reduced incidence of the common cold in moderate alcohol consumers (Cohen et al., 1993) , particularly those drinking red wines (Takkouche et al., 2002) . The source of these benefits may be a combination of enhanced calcium uptake, associated with alcohol consumption (Ilich et al., 2002) , the phytoestrogen effects of phenolics, such as resveratrol and kaempferol, or other unsuspected influences. Review of moderate alcohol consumption and reduced risk of coronary heart disease: is the effect due to beer, wine, or spirits? doi = 10.1016/b978-0-12-816118-0.00012-x id = cord-294241-11abmmyl author = Jersild, C. title = Blood Transfusion Services date = 2008-08-26 keywords = blood; component; transfusion summary = Blood transfusion services are an important part of the health-care system since blood transfusion is required in a number of frequently occurring clinical situations: Major surgical procedures, including treatment of trauma patients; obstetric care with major bleeding during child birth; and treatment of several medical diseases, especially hematological diseases. Blood transfusion service is an organization which deals with various aspects of the blood transfusion chain, from the potential donor (information and selection of donors, blood collection, blood testing, blood processing, blood storage, blood transportation) to the potential recipient (selection and distribution of appropriate components for transfusion), and should link to the clinical interface or administration of blood and patient follow-up. WHO-integrated strategy for blood safety recommends nationally coordinated blood services with quality systems functional in all areas and a blood supply based on voluntary nonremunerated blood donors from low-risk populations that is appropriately tested (100% for blood-borne pathogens, blood grouping, and compatibility testing), processed, stored, and distributed, as well as adequately used at the hospital site (alternatives to transfusion should be available), including posttransfusion follow-up. doi = 10.1016/b978-012373960-5.00520-7 id = cord-280480-djv7pc3m author = Jägers, Johannes title = Perfluorocarbon-based oxygen carriers: from physics to physiology date = 2020-11-03 keywords = Fig; PFC; blood; emulsion; oxygen summary = Extensive research created stable PFC nano-emulsions that avoid (i) fast clearance from the blood and (ii) long organ retention time, which leads to undesired transient side effects. By linking the unique properties of PFCs and PFOCs to physiology, it elaborates on the response, processing and dysregulation, which the body experiences through intravascular PFOCs. Thereby the reader will receive a scientific and easily comprehensible overview why PFOCs are precious tools for so many diverse application areas from cancer therapeutics to blood substitutes up to organ preservation and diving disease. This emulsification paved the way to using PFCs as oxygen carriers in physiological systems by developing a way to allow the addition of, e.g., water-soluble nutrients and pharmaceuticals. Even though these first-generation PFC-based oxygen carriers (PFOCs) showed major physiological side effects, the main reason for stopping the clinical trials in the 1990s was the insufficient shelf life [36, 51, 101] . doi = 10.1007/s00424-020-02482-2 id = cord-018414-6ffhm895 author = Kang, Yoogoo title = Anesthesia Management of Liver Transplantation date = 2016-07-22 keywords = CVP; IVC; blood; hepatic; level; liver; patient; portal; pulmonary; transplantation summary = Specifically, patients with fulminant hepatic failure develop significant changes in cerebral function, and cerebral perfusion is maintained by monitoring cerebral blood flow and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen, and intracranial pressure. Small-for-size syndrome develops in a patient who received a donor graft that was less than 1 % of the recipient''s body weight and is caused by decreased hepatic arterial flow in response to increased portal venous flow and pressure. The major criteria for the diagnosis of the hepatorenal syndrome are as follows: (1) advanced hepatic disease and portal hypertension; (2) low glomerular filtration rate (serum creatinine >1.5 mg/dL or creatinine clearance <40 mL/ min); (3) absence of nephrotoxic drug use, shock, systemic infection, or recent fluid losses; (4) lack of sustained improvement after diuretic withdrawal and volume resuscitation with 1.5 L of normal saline; (5) proteinuria (<500 mg/dL); and (6) no ultrasound evidence of urinary obstruction or parenchymal disease. doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-07209-8_9 id = cord-294585-dl5v9p50 author = Klein, H. G. title = Pathogen‐reduction methods: advantages and limits date = 2009-02-13 keywords = blood; pathogen; plasma; virus summary = However, because blood contains numerous labile proteins and fragile cells, and because there is a wide array of potentially infectious agents, no single method of pathogen-inactivation will likely preserve all blood components, yet effectively remove all viruses, bacteria, spores, protozoa and prions. Riboflavin/ultraviolet light treatment has been evaluated in preclinical studies and found to result in reduction of infectivity by many pathogens including west Nile virus, intracellular HIV, bacteria and protozoa. Therapeutic efficacy and safety of platelets treated with a photochemical process for pathogen inactivation: the SPRINT Trial Clinical safety of platelets photochemically treated with amotosalen HCl and ultraviolet A light for pathogen inactivation: the SPRINT trial Fresh frozen plasma prepared with amotosalen HCl (S-59) photochemical pathogen inactivation: transfusion of patients with congenital coagulation factor deficiencies Therapeutic efficacy and safety of red blood cells treated with a chemical process (S-303) for pathogen inactivation: a Phase III clinical trial in cardiac surgery patients doi = 10.1111/j.1751-2824.2009.01224.x id = cord-335733-u1g03s2y author = Lakshmanan, Hari Hara Sudhan title = Design of a Microfluidic Bleeding Chip to Evaluate Antithrombotic Agents for Use in COVID-19 Patients date = 2020-08-06 keywords = COVID-19; bleed; blood; channel summary = Since limited in vitro methods exist for assessing the effects of anticoagulants on hemostasis, the development of novel therapies to safely prevent thrombosis in COVID-19 patients relies on preclinical animal models and early phase human trials. METHODS: The design of the microfluidic device consists of two orthogonal channels: an inlet that serves as a model blood vessel, and a bleeding channel to model hemostatic plug formation at sites of compromised endothelial barrier function. RESULTS: Perfusion of human whole blood through the microfluidic bleeding chip led to initial platelet adhesion and aggregation at the pillars followed by hemostatic plug formation and occlusion of the bleeding channel. While the most clinically relevant conclusions regarding the safety of anticoagulants will ultimately be learned through clinical trials, in vitro models hold potential usefulness in revealing early safety and efficacy signals to guide future anticoagulant development of agents to prevent thrombosis in COV-ID-19 patients without compromising hemostasis. doi = 10.1007/s12195-020-00644-x id = cord-017946-fa4ehlb0 author = Lawless, Ryan A. title = Adjuncts to Resuscitation date = 2018-05-26 keywords = blood; damage; patient; resuscitation summary = This chapter will focus on adjuncts to damage control resuscitation (DCR) including massive transfusion protocols, the "other" tenets of damage control resuscitation, hypertonic saline, tranexamic acid, pharmacologic resuscitation, Factor VIIa, and prothrombin complex, and viscoelastic testing. Looking at the incorporation of the other two principles (permissive hypotension and minimizing crystalloids) into a mature trauma center already incorporating a transfusion strategy approaching whole blood, investigators found an improvement in survival among emergent laparotomy patients [4] . The authors noted a significantly improved mortality compared to that predicted by the Trauma Related Injury Severity Score (TRISS) in patients who received fibrinogen concentrate during their initial resuscitation. Animal models of liver injury associated hemorrhagic shock have shown decreased blood loss, increased mean arterial pressure, and significantly higher hemoglobin levels with vasopressin administration compared to standard crystalloid resuscitation [74] . A randomized, placebo-controlled study (AVERT Shock) is currently underway to investigate the potential benefit of vasopressin administration during the early resuscitation of bleeding trauma patients [79]. doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-72607-6_20 id = cord-271485-a1633xxe author = Leaf, Rebecca Karp title = ABO Phenotype and Death in Critically Ill Patients with COVID‐19 date = 2020-07-01 keywords = ABO; blood summary = 6 To examine the relationship between blood group and clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19, we studied the distribution and mortality associated with ABO phenotype in a large cohort of critically ill patients. To examine whether blood type is associated with critical illness in patients with COVID-19, we used a chi-square test to compare the observed versus expected distribution of ABO phenotypes. We estimated the expected distribution of ABO phenotype in each of the above race/ethnicity categories using data from 3.1 million blood donors in the United States. 7 To examine whether ABO phenotype is associated with mortality among critically ill patients with COVID-19, we used a chi-square test to compare the distribution of observed ABO blood phenotypes with 28-day in-hospital mortality, stratified by the above race/ethnicity categories. In this large nationwide cohort study of critically ill patients with COVID-19, we found significant differences in the observed versus expected distribution of ABO phenotypes among White patients, doi = 10.1111/bjh.16984 id = cord-318792-psw8bs17 author = Lee, Jaewon title = Lab on a chip for in situ diagnosis: From blood to point of care date = 2013-08-01 keywords = blood; detection; immunoassay; microfluidic summary = For this purpose, blood microscale sampling, blood separation, immunochemical assay, and detection (optical and electrical), and communication to personal device (such as smart phones or PC) are the essentially required processes (Fig. 1) . Sampling of blood and body fluid using microfluidic technology has emerged in recent few decades, and such methods allowed for diagnosis with small amount of sample, and with more accuracy. This type of immunoassays is usually done on electrophoresis-based microchips, and requires many concentration strategies to stack the target analytes for detection and measurements [28] . Optical immune-sensing is the simplest and highly popular method among the immunoassay methods, and several labels (e.g., a fluorescent label, enzyme, or metallic particle) facilitate optical signal enhancement and increase detection sensitivity. Microfluidic chip for blood cell separation and collection based on crossflow filtration doi = 10.1007/s13534-013-0094-y id = cord-217663-3g2j9tnk author = Li, Na title = A decision integration strategy for short-term demand forecasting and ordering for red blood cell components date = 2020-08-17 keywords = CBS; RBC; blood; demand; inventory summary = We combine ideas from statistical time series modeling, machine learning, and operations research in developing an ordering decision strategy for RBCs, through integrating a hybrid demand forecasting model using clinical predictors and a data-driven multi-period inventory problem considering inventory and reorder constraints. The proposed integrated methodology achieves three goals: i) a more accurate forecasting method that reflects the actual RBC demand at hospital blood banks, which increases the transparency between CBS and hospital blood banks; ii) a leaner and fresher inventory at hospital blood banks, which may correlate with better patient outcomes; iii) a simpler ordering strategy that requires less frequent orders on scheduled 2 Throughout this paper, the terms "wastage" and "waste" are all referring to the blood products wasted due to expiration. Mean (sd) of days of inventory on hand (DOH), age (days) of blood prior to transfusion, and daily number of units in-stock, as well as wastage rate by year in Hamilton hospital blood banks Challenge 2: Large variation of the differences between ordered quantity and actual demand. doi = nan id = cord-329176-av4qhu4f author = Liu, Nanyang title = Association between ABO blood groups and risk of coronavirus disease 2019: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-08-14 keywords = ABO; blood summary = title: Association between ABO blood groups and risk of coronavirus disease 2019: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis The major objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis study is to investigate the impact of ABO blood group on COVID-19 pneumonia. DISCUSSION: This study will provide high-quality evidence to evaluate the contribution of the ABO blood group in COVID-19 pneumonia infection. A recent study in China compared COVID-19 patients with the general population found an association between the ABO blood group and SARS-CoV-2 infection status. [12] This study will systematically review the current evidence, aiming to provide clarity surrounding the role of the ABO blood type in patients with COVID-19. Search terms are: "blood type", "blood groups", "ABO", "novel coronavirus infected pneumonia", "COVID-19", "Corona Virus Disease 2019", "NCP", "2019-nCOV". doi = 10.1097/md.0000000000021709 id = cord-281990-x5nql0cw author = Liu, Y. title = Association between epidemic dynamics of Covid-19 infection and ABO blood group types date = 2020-07-15 keywords = blood; covid-19 summary = Growth rate and doubling time of infection and death cases, reproductive number, infection and death cases in the mid-exponential phase were analyzed in relation to blood type distribution. Discussion: Covid-19 infection is significantly associated with blood type distribution and people with blood type A are more susceptible to Covid-19 infection and have higher epidemic dynamics and higher case fatality rate. This study sought to investigate the relationship between the distribution of blood group types and the epidemic dynamics of Covid-19 infection based on analyses of big data that cover worldwide population majority. We thus conducted this study based on the worldwide available big data trying to ascertain an association between the distribution of blood types and Covid-19 infection dynamics. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.12.20152074 doi: medRxiv preprint Figure 3 Comparison of the Covid-19 infection epidemic dynamics between higher and lower blood type A population. doi = 10.1101/2020.07.12.20152074 id = cord-009417-458rrhcm author = Luce, Judith A. title = Use of Blood Components in the Intensive Care Unit date = 2009-05-15 keywords = FFP; ICU; blood; cell; donor; patient; platelet; risk; transfusion summary = Benefi ts to the patient with more judicious use of platelet transfusion include decreased donor exposure, which lessens the risk of transfusion-transmitted disease; fewer febrile and allergic reactions that may complicate the hospital course; and the potential delay or prevention of alloimmunization to HLA and platelet antigens. If anti-IgA antibodies are determined to be the cause of this reaction, the patient must receive blood components donated by IgA-defi cient individuals or, if unavailable, specially prepared washed RBCs and platelet concentrates. These patients may have intensive red cell and platelet transfusion requirements and need specialized products such as CMV-negative and irradiated blood components. A blood bank problem uniquely encountered in BMT is the need to switch the patient''s ABO group because of an ABO-mismatched transplant, thus necessitating an exchange transfusion of red cells and plasma-containing products (i.e., platelet concentrates) of differing ABO type to avoid hemolysis of donor and recipient cells. doi = 10.1016/b978-032304841-5.50082-0 id = cord-016815-pva22xy7 author = Mannem, Hannah C. title = Transfusion and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Clinical Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Management, and Outcomes date = 2016-06-11 keywords = TRALI; acute; blood; transfusion summary = Multiple patient and donor related risk factors for TRALI exist, including critically illness, alcohol use, and receiving transfusions with high plasma volumes. Possible TRALI occurs when the acute respiratory distress takes place in the setting of a blood transfusion, as well as other co-existing risk factors for development of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) , including: trauma, sepsis, pancreatitis, aspiration, inhalation, drug overdose, or burns. A prospective cohort study showed 33 % of patients on mechanical ventilation at the time of transfusion developed acute lung injury [ 15 ] . Risk factors and outcome of transfusion-related acute lung injury in the critically ill: a nested case-control study The incidence, risk factors, and outcome of transfusion-related acute lung injury in a cohort of cardiac surgery patients: a prospective nested case-control study Fresh-frozen plasma and platelet transfusions are associated with development of acute lung injury in critically ill medical patients doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-41912-1_11 id = cord-018809-3nrvm4jt author = McMullin, N. R. title = Hemostatic Resuscitation date = 2006 keywords = blood; fresh; patient; platelet; transfusion summary = In combat, fresh whole blood for massive transfusion becomes a blood bank multiplier, providing within a single unit, RBCs, volume, coagulation components, and functional platelets in a warm fluid. Appropriate use following established guidelines can be beneficial and may even be superior to packed RBCs. A fluid containing the vital properties of fresh whole blood would serve as a bridge to allow a patient to be resuscitated without initiating the''bloody cycle of death'' that is seen all too often in our current paradigm of massive resuscitation. Appropriate use following established guidelines can be beneficial and may even be superior to packed RBCs. A fluid containing the vital properties of fresh whole blood would serve as a bridge to allow a patient to be resuscitated without initiating the''bloody cycle of death'' that is seen all too often in our current paradigm of massive resuscitation. doi = 10.1007/3-540-33396-7_25 id = cord-312418-e4g5u1nz author = Melillo, Alessandro title = Rabbit Clinical Pathology date = 2007-09-18 keywords = blood; cause; disease; level; rabbit summary = There is little information available that describes the effect of clinical disease on the blood parameters of companion rabbits, or on the use of blood tests as diagnostic and prognostic indicators. An intestinal isoenzyme is quite abundant, so serum ALP concentrations are actually the sum of these 3 isoenzymes, which may explain why many reference ranges are vague and wide and why raised ALP levels in clinically healthy animals are a common finding. Azotemia is also indicative of renal disease, usually affecting the rabbit patient in association with hyperkalemia or hypokalemia, hypercalcemia and coexisting hyperphosphatemia, nonregenerative anemia, and isostenuric urine. Blood urea levels below the reference range indicate hepatic insufficiency or muscle mass loss (e.g., dental disease). Hyperphosphatemia usually indicates chronic kidney failure (a loss of more than 80% of nephrons) given that serum phosphorus levels are normalized by compensatory mechanisms in early-onset renal disease. doi = 10.1053/j.jepm.2007.06.002 id = cord-022035-annn4qn1 author = Menitove, Jay E. title = Other Viral, Bacterial, Parasitic and Prion-Based Infectious Complications date = 2009-05-15 keywords = B19; CJD; States; United; WNV; blood; donor; transfusion summary = [20] [21] [22] [23] Despite documentation that the spirochete survives routine RBC and frozen plasma storage, testing blood donors is not under consideration because no reports exist of transfusion-associated Lyme disease. 29 An extensive epidemiologic study in Arkansas involving military trainee blood donors who had been exposed to tick bites and unknowingly infected with the agents of ehrlichiosis and Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) found no clinical illness among the recipients of RBCs and platelets donated by these soldiers. 32 Ongoing malaria surveillance in the United States by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) continues to identify cases in immigrants and in residents and travelers to areas of the world where malaria transmission still occurs. 110, 111 An active investigation to determine whether transfusion associated-vCJD transmission occurs in humans began in the United Kingdom in 1997 by identifying vCJD patients who donated blood before illness. doi = 10.1016/b978-0-443-06981-9.50053-3 id = cord-304437-ezqghyid author = Palmieri, Tina L. title = Children are not little adults: blood transfusion in children with burn injury date = 2017-08-15 keywords = blood; child; transfusion summary = Children in particular have a different physiology than adults, which needs to be considered prior to transfusing blood and blood products. This article describes the physiologic differences between children and adults in general and after burn injury and describes how these differences impact blood transfusion practices in children. This article will discuss how differences in the physiologic, hematologic, metabolic, and immunologic systems in burned children impact blood transfusion requirements. Hyperkalemia has been associated with cardiac arrest during large blood volume transfusions intraoperatively in children and infants receiving exchange transfusions [9, 10] . 2. Cardiac function, mean blood volume, and normal hemoglobin levels are age-dependent in children; hence, children have a higher blood transfusion/unit volume ratio. Transfusion-related graft-versus-host reaction, in which the lymphocytes in the transfused blood cause host cell destruction, occurs primarily in immunocompromised patients and has been reported in neonates and immunocompromised children [25] [26] [27] [28] . doi = 10.1186/s41038-017-0090-z id = cord-016248-dxk0i6t7 author = Papa, Joey C. title = Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation date = 2009 keywords = ECMO; blood; patient summary = Indications for support in patients with cardiac pathology are based on clinical signs of decreased peripheral perfusion, including hypotension, despite the administration of fl uid resuscitation and inotropes, oliguria (urine output < 0.5 ml/kg/h), an elevated arterial lactate, and a decreased SvO 2 . The advantages of VV and DLVV over VA ECMO include avoidance of arterial cannulation and permanent ligation of the carotid artery, maintaining pulsatile fl ow to the patient, continued blood fl ow to the lungs, and avoiding arterial emboli. Weaning and Decannulation: As the patient''s underlying process improves, less blood fl ow is required to pass through the ECMO circuit in order to maintain adequate tissue oxygenation. According to the 2005 ELSO registry, 13.2% of neonates and 43% of pediatric patients treated with ECMO for respiratory failure required the use of inotropes while on bypass. The incidence of acute renal failure was 10% in neonates and 14% in pediatric patients on ECMO for respiratory support, with 10-15% requiring hemofi ltration or dialysis. doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-69560-8_32 id = cord-339705-x8l3zgfd author = Patil, Vijaykumar title = An association between fingerprint patterns with blood group and lifestyle based diseases: a review date = 2020-08-18 keywords = blood; fingerprint; group; hand; loop; patient; pattern; whorl summary = Due to the immense potential of fingerprints as an effective method of identification, the present research paper tries to investigate the problem of blood group identification and analysis of diseases those arises with aging like hypertension, type 2-diabetes and arthritis from a fingerprint by analyzing their patterns correlation with blood group and age of an individual. The fingerprint having basic four categories which are loop, whorl, arch and composites but also there are more than 100 interleaved ridge and valleys which explore unique characteristics of an individual which will help to design Deep Neural Network or Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) which predict blood group and common clinical diseases like hypertension, type 2-diabetes and arthritis. From the present investigation, the accompanying ends are drawn: (1) Loops are the most regularly discovered fingerprint pattern and arches are minimal normal in the two guys and females and furthermore in "ABO" blood groups. doi = 10.1007/s10462-020-09891-w id = cord-252273-mykwzlsu author = Politis, Constantina title = Post-donation information and haemovigilance reporting for COVID-19 in Greece: information supporting the absence of SARS-CoV-2 possible transmission through blood components date = 2020-10-20 keywords = COVID-19; blood summary = Post-donation, post-transfusion information and molecular testing of swab samples collected from three asymptomatic donors at risk for COVID-19, revealed the case of an immunosupressed patient who had been transfused with whole blood derived platelets from a donor subsequently diagnosed with COVID-19. According to the case report described for the first time by Cho et al., the transfusion of apheresis platelets to a patient diagnosed with severe aplastic anaemia from a donor who was subsequently diagnosed with COVID-19 did not result in the transmission of the disease 14 . In our study we describe the haemovigilance data over a surveillance period of three months (March to May 2020) when prevalence of the virus was high, focusing on post-donation and post-transfusion information regarding the transfusion to an immunocompromised patient of whole blood derived platelets from a donor who was subsequently diagnosed with COVID-19. doi = 10.1016/j.tracli.2020.10.007 id = cord-315293-kng4z4kf author = Quesenberry, Katherine E. title = Basic Approach to Veterinary Care of Ferrets date = 2020-05-29 keywords = Mustela; animal; blood; chapter; ferret; vaccine summary = Most ferrets become relaxed with this hold, and the veterinarian can examine the oral cavity, head, and body; palpate the abdomen; vaccinate; and clean the ears. In a safety and efficacy study, Galaxy D proved effective in preventing canine distemper in young ferrets challenged after serial vaccination. Recombitek CDV (Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health) is also a recombinant canarypox vaccine approved for use in dogs that has been used in ferrets. 14 Two inactivated (killed) rabies vaccines are approved for use in ferrets in the United States: Imrab-3 or Imrab-3 TF (Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health) and Defensor 1 or Defensor 3 (Zoetis, Parsippany, NJ). In another study of 143 ferrets, the incidence of adverse events after administering either canine distemper (5.9%) (Fervac D), rabies (5.6%) (Imrab-3), or both vaccines (5.6%) did not differ significantly between groups. Intraosseous blood transfusions can be given to ferrets if an intravenous catheter cannot be placed. doi = 10.1016/b978-0-323-48435-0.00002-2 id = cord-278174-znc99yos author = Ramsey, Glenn title = Managing recalls and withdrawals of blood components date = 2004-01-31 keywords = FDA; HIV; blood summary = Abstract Donor centers are issuing a growing number of recalls and market withdrawals to hospital transfusion services about blood components. Using the FDA''s categories of donor center biological product deviations, we provide recommendations to consider for when to notify the recipient''s physician, after postdonation information is received about a previously transfused blood component. If a blood product has been transfused from a donor who should have been ineligible at the time of donation, then "we recommend that the establishments consider notifying the treating physician of those recipients about the post donation information, including whether the donor developed suspected SARS." Donors are deferred for 28 days after recovering from suspected SARS or for 14 days after exposure to a person with SARS or travel to SARS-risk areas. doi = 10.1016/j.tmrv.2003.10.005 id = cord-318598-pzlf2zpc author = Roberts, Brian K. title = Basic Shock Physiology and Critical Care date = 2016-04-28 keywords = SIRS; blood; oxygen; shock summary = This article discusses the pathophysiology of shock and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome, which may lead to organ dysfunction, organ failure, sepsis, and death. If perfusion, effective circulating volume, cardiac output, and/or oxygen delivery do not improve from compensatory mechanisms, additional symptoms of prolonged capillary refill, poor pulse quality, and hypotension occur. When there is significant hypovolemia, trauma, or sepsis with resultant sympathetic-induced vasoconstriction, the splanchnic vasculature is affected, 50 leading to ischemic injury and loss of the protective gastrointestinal barrier, which is primarily sustained because of normal capillary mucosal blood flow. [56] [57] [58] In rats, typical increases in heart rate Basic Shock Physiology and Critical Care and sympathetic response occur during sepsis and shock, characterized by tachycardia and decreased mean arterial pressure. 62 One study of rabbits that underwent experimental hemorrhagic shock by removing 26% of blood volume noted tachycardia, hypotension, and significantly decreased cardiac output versus controls. doi = 10.1016/j.cvex.2016.01.010 id = cord-349803-tsjgypy5 author = Rouka, Erasmia title = The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the adequacy of blood supply: Specialists in Transfusion Medicine need to establish models of preparedness date = 2020-09-28 keywords = blood summary = title: The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the adequacy of blood supply: Specialists in Transfusion Medicine need to establish models of preparedness The management of transfusion services in disasters like the pandemic is of critical importance for any blood bank [1] . A study by Zimrin and Hess (2007) on the effect of a modern pandemic influenza on blood supply in the United States (US) predicted that transfusion services are likely to face significant losses of blood donors, personnel, supplies and reagents [2] . Simulation models for the blood supply system in threats like the pandemics have been developed in the US as reported by two independent studies [4] [5] . Planning for pandemic influenza: effect of a pandemic on the supply and demand for blood products in the United States An Interregional US Blood Supply Simulation Model to Evaluate Blood Availability to Support Planning for Emergency Preparedness and Medical Countermeasures Management of blood supplies during an influenza pandemic doi = 10.1016/j.transci.2020.102960 id = cord-003974-cr6omr9l author = Rutter, Sara title = How do we … integrate pathogen reduced platelets into our hospital blood bank inventory? date = 2019-03-18 keywords = PLT; blood; transfusion summary = Initial methods included screening donors for travel histories to banned areas and for high-risk behaviors, but pathogen-specific assays performed at the collection and manufacturing sites also have become key factors in assuring blood safety. In recent years, the Food and Drug Administration has approved rapid tests to identify bacterially contaminated PLT units in the blood bank before transfusion. In recent years, the Food and Drug Administration has approved rapid tests to identify bacterially contaminated PLT units in the blood bank before transfusion. Pathogen reduction (PR) of platelet (PLT) concentrates using a psoralen as the photoactivating agent is a relatively new Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved technology that has been deemed suitable by the Agency for all patient demographics. Thus, after receipt of a request for PLTs, either a PR unit or a conventional non-PR unit (the latter tested with the PGD assay if stored for 5 days before distribution), would be issued by the blood bank staff as equivalent products without concern for patient acuity or demographics. doi = 10.1111/trf.15241 id = cord-261788-f728j3bb author = Sabater González, Mikel title = Emergencies and Critical Care of Commonly Kept Fowl date = 2016-03-02 keywords = Kingdom; United; avian; bird; blood; cause; disease summary = 3 A complete anamnesis should include, but is not restricted to, species; breed; age; gender; presenting complaint; source of the bird; diet; number of birds in the household; open or closed flock; acquisition date; date of the last addition to the flock; number and species of animals affected; potential exposure to toxins; length of illness; changes in behavior; history of previous diseases, treatments, and outcomes; reproductive history; and clinical signs, including their duration and progression. However, Newcastle disease, avian influenza, and infectious laryngotracheitis are all rare in backyard poultry, and the most common causative agent of sinusitis in fowl in the US is Mycoplasma. Infectious bronchitis is caused by a highly infectious coronavirus and is characterized by having 2 main presentations depending on the age of the infected animals; in young chicks, respiratory disease is the predominant manifestation, whereas salpingitis and the subsequent decrease in egg production is most commonly seen in older laying hens. doi = 10.1016/j.cvex.2016.01.007 id = cord-323906-ro078y52 author = Sardu, Celestino title = Implications of AB0 blood group in hypertensive patients with covid-19 date = 2020-08-14 keywords = blood; covid-19; group; patient summary = CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our data indicate that non-0 covid-19 hypertensive patients have significantly higher values of pro-thrombotic indexes, as well as higher rate of cardiac injury and deaths compared to 0 patients. Actually, although hypertension is known to trigger endothelial dysfunction and a pro-thrombotic status [9] , no data are currently available exploring the association of AB0 group with inflammatory/thrombotic status in hypertensive patients with diagnosis of covid-19.Therefore, in this study we investigated the inflammatory/thrombotic status and clinical outcomes as cardiac injury and death in hypertensive patients with covid-19,comparing 0 vs. Then, we performed a multivariate analysis, which revealed that interleukin-6 (IL-6, 1.118, CI 95% 1.067-1.171) and non-0 blood group (2.574, CI 95% 1.207-5.490) were identified as independent predictors of cardiac injury in hypertensive patients with covid-19 (Table 2) . In this sense, it is critical to note that we found that the non-0 blood group results in 2.6-fold and 3.7-fold increased risk to develop cardiac injury and death in hypertensive patients with covid-19. doi = 10.1186/s12872-020-01658-z id = cord-102668-1yc38ok1 author = Siddiqui, Shoib S. title = Acidosis, Zinc and HMGB1 in Sepsis: A Common Connection Involving Sialoglycan Recognition date = 2020-07-15 keywords = HMGB1; blood; figure summary = Blood pH is tightly regulated between 7.35-7.45, with values below 7.3 during sepsis being associated with lactic acidosis, low serum zinc, and release of proinflammatory HMGB1 from activated and/or necrotic cells. The mechanisms underlying lethality associated with low blood pH are not clear, but include low zinc levels and release from apoptotic or necrotic cells of HMGB1, a damageassociated molecular pattern (DAMP) defined as one of the late mediators of sepsis, further upregulating many other proinflammatory cytokines (10) (11) (12) . Here we report one plausible explanation for the tight regulation of blood pH between 7.35-7.45, showing that even a slight reduction to pH 7.2 abolishes the zinc-dependent sequestration of HMGB1 by plasma sialoglycoproteins, releasing it to bind to activating receptors on neutrophils. During sepsis, the drop in pH and zinc concentration of the blood leads to disruption of HMGB1''s binding with sialic acid, enabling the free HMGB1 to bind with TLRs and RAGE present on immune cells and the endothelium. doi = 10.1101/2020.07.15.198010 id = cord-032181-gmcugd8h author = Song, Jian-Xin title = Main Complications of AECHB and Severe Hepatitis B (Liver Failure) date = 2019-05-21 keywords = DIC; HCO; HPS; HRS; Kupffer; LPS; SBP; blood; cell; disease; endotoxin; factor; hepatitis; increase; infection; intestinal; liver; patient; severe; tip summary = 3. Hepatorenal syndrome, which is characterized by renal failure, hemodynamic changes in arterial circulation and abnormalities in the endogenous vascular system, is a common clinical complication of end-stage liver disease, and one of the important indicators for the prognosis of patients with severe hepatitis. The latest report indicated that basic laboratory examinations for coagulation function testing in common use at present, such as PT, APTT, international normalized ratio (INR) etc., have little correlation with occurrence of gastrointestinal bleeding in these patients, thereby revealing the importance to search and pay close attention to those complicating disease upregulating bleeding risk, such as bacterial infection, renal failure, hemodynamic change after portal hypertension, dysfunction of endotheliocyte as well as macrophagocyte and so on [107] . doi = 10.1007/978-94-024-1603-9_2 id = cord-016871-1mlamf20 author = Streiff, Agathe title = Hemorrhage and Transfusions in the Surgical Patient date = 2012-10-30 keywords = RBC; TEG; blood; patient; transfusion summary = In acutely bleeding patients, massive transfusion protocols are often activated in order to ef fi caciously restore blood volume and hemostasis and thawed plasma is critical to their success [ 5, 6 ] . DCR is also supported by fi ndings from the US Army''s Institute of Surgical Research, which demonstrated improvement in outcomes in severely bleeding patients who were transfused in ratios of products similar to whole blood. However, some groups have shown that those patients receiving less than massive transfusion levels may still bene fi t from higher plasma to red blood cell ratios [ 20 ] . Silver et al.''s randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigated the role of epoetin alfa, a recombinant erythropoietin, in reducing the RBC transfusion requirement of long-term acute care patients, thereby reducing risks associated with transfusions [ 29 ] . doi = 10.1007/978-1-4614-6123-4_12 id = cord-354640-5p79qpok author = Taylor, Kirk A. title = Blood and Bone: The quarantine chronicles date = 2020-06-28 keywords = Blood; Bone summary = In this forum, we reflect on a series that allowed global scientists to come together to help shape chaos into an opportunity for community and growth. Using this technology of live information sharing and streaming talks via Zoom and YouTube meant that we were able to reach an even wider audience than a traditional conference; this came with its own particular set of advantages and drawbacks. "Reading" a virtual room can be challenging, but not having audience videos meant that the system was capable of handling large viewing figures (up to 1000), and most talks attracted more attendees and engagement than a traditional conference presentation. Apart from the practicalities of time zones, to increase diversity of both speakers and attendees, conferences must be safe spaces that confront discrimination. Dr Machlus may have had the idea and sent that first email, but it was the hematopoiesis and hemostasis/thrombosis communities that brought the Blood and Bone seminar to life. doi = 10.1002/rth2.12394 id = cord-022474-xxy83c6u author = Tenorio, Grace C. title = Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology date = 2007 keywords = ABO; HLA; antigen; blood; cell; donor; transfusion summary = Current blood separators can collect granulocytes at high yields (20 to 30 10 9 granulocytes) from donors stimulated with recombinant granulocyte colonystimulating factor (G-CSF) and steroids; however, granulocyte transfusions lost popularity between 1985 and 1995 because of reported adverse pulmonary reactions and marginal clinical results. Patients with Chido (Ch) and Rogers (Rg) antibodies (against the Ch/Rg blood group antigens carried by complement C4d of the classic complement pathway) also exhibit anaphylactoid reactions following plasma product transfusions. Major strategies available to reduce transmission include: stringent donor selection and laboratory testing; use of autologous blood, pharmacological substitutes, or new transfusion strategies; inactivation of residual infectious agents in the units to be transfused, and limiting the number of donor exposures and allogeneic transfusions. HIV is transmitted by both cellular blood components and plasma; however, both types of HTLV are highly cell-associated and require viable lymphocytes for transfusion transmission. Despite transfusions of "CMV-reduced-risk blood components," a few marrow transplant patients (1 to 4%) still develop primary CMV infection. doi = 10.1007/978-1-59745-149-9_22 id = cord-023168-cd7adns8 author = Thachil, Jecko title = Haematological Diseases in the Tropics date = 2013-10-21 keywords = Africa; G6PD; HIV; SCD; anaemia; blood; cell; deficiency; disease; haemoglobin; infection; iron; patient; transfusion; treatment summary = The most useful laboratory measure of iron status Low value is diagnostic in the presence of anaemia Very high values (>100 µg/L) usually exclude iron deficiency'' Being an acute-phase protein, it increases in inflammatory conditions, and certain malignancies, making it unreliable Also increased in tissue damage especially of the liver Levels are falsely decreased in vitamin C deficiency and hypothyroidism Erythrocyte zinc protoporphyrin An intermediate in haem biosynthesis and elevated concentrations indicate interrupted haem synthesis due to iron deficiency when zinc is incorporated in place of iron Can be measured on a drop of blood with a portable haematofluorometer Small sample size makes it very useful as a screening test in field surveys, particularly in children, and pregnant women where inflammatory states may not co-exist Red cells should be washed before measurement (serum bilirubin and fluorescent compounds like some drugs can give falsely high values) although not often done Lead poisoning can give falsely high values Rarely acute myeloid leukaemia and sideroblastic anaemia give slightly high values Useful in that it is not increased in thalassaemias WHO recommends normal level >70 µmol/mol haem Iron studies Serum iron concentration represents the iron entering and leaving the circulation. doi = 10.1016/b978-0-7020-5101-2.00066-2 id = cord-280379-1o9tzwjg author = Touyz, Louis Z. G. title = Liquorice Health Check, Oro-Dental Implications, and a Case Report date = 2009-07-08 keywords = blood; hypertension; liquorice; pressure summary = This paper appraises liquorice provides a reality check of its properties (botanical sources, chemical structure, active liquorice ingredient, physiological/pharmacological activity, some common liquorice containing consumables), their systemic impact on health, a typical case report of liquorice-induced hypertension, and effects of consumption of liquorice on oro-dental structures. At 75 mg daily glycyrrhetenic acid (derived from 50 G/day liquorice), a raising effect on blood pressure is noted after 2 weeks. This on its own is rare, yet not infrequent when encountered clinically and usually occurs in diuretic medicated patients unwittingly combining consumption of commercial products containing high amounts of liquorice extract like chewing tobacco, laxatives, or confections with concentrated liquorice extracts [9] [10] [11] . Health care workers, including all in the dental team, discovering new hypertension patients, or noting a history of taking diuretics, should always enquire about consumption or use of any liquorice containing product [14] . doi = 10.1155/2009/170735 id = cord-026559-xx52u01h author = Tripathi, Siddhartha title = Blood Plasma Microfluidic Device: Aiming for the Detection of COVID-19 Antibodies Using an On-Chip ELISA Platform date = 2020-06-10 keywords = ELISA; blood summary = title: Blood Plasma Microfluidic Device: Aiming for the Detection of COVID-19 Antibodies Using an On-Chip ELISA Platform We propose to first separate plasma from whole human blood using a microfluidic device and subsequently perform the detection of antibodies in the separated plasma using a semi-automated on-chip ELISA. The reported plasma separation microdevice is not only an alternate to the centrifuge, but it can also be easily integrated with a biosensing platform/detection technology (for example, ELISA) and result in a point-of-care device. (2020) have reported successful detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus with high sensitivity in swab specimens Fig. 1 a Blood plasma microdevice design and zoomed view at the junction. Herein, we propose the integration of sandwich ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) with the blood plasma separation microdevice to detect COVID-19 antibodies after minor modifications in the design. b Experi-mental sandwich ELISA: showing steps to identify the presence of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) antibodies present in blood plasma separated and flows towards the plasma outlet reservoir. doi = 10.1007/s41403-020-00123-9 id = cord-277535-u283k70i author = Vaja, Rakesh title = Drugs and the liver date = 2020-09-22 keywords = blood; drug; liver; patient summary = Additionally, drugs can also modify how the liver functions and cause dysfunction or even failure of the organ both by a direct effect on the liver or by alteration in liver blood flow. Furthermore, once a patient has been recognized to be suffering with liver dysfunction or failure drug choice and dosing regime will need to be rationalized. After reading this article you should: C understand the mechanisms of drug metabolism by the liver C have an appreciation of alterations to drug choice and dosing regimens in patients with liver disease due to their altered pharmacokinetics C know the management of a patient with paracetamol overdose There are many different isoforms of CYP450, classified according to their amino acid sequencing into families, subfamilies and individual genes. NSAIDS are contraindicated for systemic use in most liver disease patients, because of increased bioavalibilty, the high risk of precipitating gastrointestinal bleeding and renal failure. doi = 10.1016/j.mpaic.2020.07.001 id = cord-294684-wfsdjs1f author = Vesnaver, Elisabeth title = Barriers and enablers to source plasma donation by gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men under revised eligibility criteria: protocol for a multiple stakeholder feasibility study date = 2020-11-02 keywords = blood; donation; gbmsm; plasma summary = In anticipation of a move to behaviour-based donation screening for gbMSM in Canada, we aim to assess the acceptability of and perceived barriers and enablers to source plasma donation using revised screening criteria for gbMSM among key stakeholders to inform policy implementation strategies. Key informant interviews and surveys will be rooted in the Theoretical Domains Framework to identify modifiable factors associated with source plasma donation motives in gbMSM and training needs in donation centre staff. Given the historical backdrop of the decades of exclusion of sexually active gbMSM from blood donation, this study has the potential not only to inform a process and policy for gbMSM to donate source plasma, a blood product, but also offers opportunities for new relationships between these knowledge users. This mixed-methods feasibility study will explore the views of gbMSM and donor centre staff regarding source plasma donation and eligibility criteria to better understand the modifiable barriers and enablers to implementing revised eligibility criteria. doi = 10.1186/s12961-020-00643-4 id = cord-004133-32w6g7qk author = Walker, Faye M. title = Advances in Directly Amplifying Nucleic Acids from Complex Samples date = 2019-09-30 keywords = LAMP; PCR; amplification; blood; detection; direct; dna; sample summary = Studies were included if they involved direct amplification and detection of genetic material from one of six representative sample types: blood, dried blood spot, serum and plasma, saliva and sputum, swabs, urine, and stool. However, it is important to note that the sensitivity does not necessarily suffer in much more concentrated samples-in Liu et al.''s highly robust two-step amplification process with direct hairpin assembly and HCR-based detection of SNP DNA sequences in 50% (v/v) serum, they achieved a very low LOD of 100 pg [119] . However, it is important to note that the sensitivity does not necessarily suffer in much more concentrated samples-in Liu et al.''s highly robust two-step amplification process with direct hairpin assembly and HCR-based detection of SNP DNA sequences in 50% (v/v) serum, they achieved a very low LOD of 100 pg [119] . doi = 10.3390/bios9040117 id = cord-306798-f28264k3 author = Walsh, Geraldine M. title = Blood-Borne Pathogens: A Canadian Blood Services Centre for Innovation Symposium date = 2016-02-23 keywords = Africa; CBS; Canada; Ebola; NGS; WNV; blood; dna summary = Transfusion services can employ indirect measures such as surveillance, hemovigilance, and donor questioning (defense), protein-, or nucleic acid based direct testing (detection), or pathogen inactivation of blood products (destruction) as strategies to mitigate the risk of transmission-transmitted infection. Cost concerns make it likely that pathogen inactivation will be contemplated by blood operators through the lens of health economics and risk-based decision making, rather than in zero-risk paradigms previously embraced for transfusable products. Dr Margaret Fearon, CBS Medical Director, Medical Microbiology, and Assistant Professor, University of Toronto, discussed the current prevalence of classical transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs) in CBS blood donors, new and emerging infectious diseases, how CBS prepares for and manages new risks, and also addressed new paradigms for risk management. Other transfusion-transmissible diseases are currently being monitored as potential emerging threats to the safety of the blood supply, including babesiosis, hepatitis E, CHIKV, and dengue virus. doi = 10.1016/j.tmrv.2016.02.003 id = cord-317383-uqg0xwdw author = Weiskopf, Richard B. title = The Need for an Artificial Oxygen Carrier for Disasters and Pandemics, Including COVID‐19 date = 2020-09-26 keywords = HBOC; blood; transfusion summary = There are extensive, largely efficient, blood collection and banking systems in developed countries that ordinarily provide stored red cells (at 2-6 C) for these functions, despite relatively brief periods of local or national shortages. 11 b The nuclear disaster at Chernobyl [15] [16] [17] [18] was an operator-and design caused steam explosion followed by a fire and a nine-to-ten day release of a substantial quantity of radioactive material with resultant many long-term medical issues including bone marrow suppression, but with relatively lesser immediate transfusion need, with two deaths in the first 5 hours, and apparently 31 in the first three days, predominantly from burns. Dried plasma is produced in Germany, France, and South Africa, with limited availability of these products outside these countries; a hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier (HBOC) is approved for use in South Africa and Russia. doi = 10.1111/trf.16122 id = cord-023528-z9rc0ubj author = Wilkins, Pamela A. title = Disorders of Foals date = 2009-05-18 keywords = HIE; Rhodococcus; blood; cause; clinical; disease; effect; equine; foal; increase; infection; neonatal; pas; respiratory; result; therapy; treatment summary = First, restriction of the thorax or the abdomen can result in impaired ventilation, which can occur easily when one restrains a foal and may result in spuriously abnormal arterial blood gas values (see the discussion on arterial blood gas evaluation, Respiratory Diseases Associated with Hypoxemia in the Neonate). Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), currently referred to as neonatal encephalopathy in the human literature, is one systemic manifestation of a broader syndrome of perinatal asphyxia syndrome (PAS), and management of foals with signs consistent with a diagnosis of HIE requires the clinician to examine other body systems fully and to provide therapy directed at treating other involved systems. Therapy for the various manifestations of hypoxiaischemia involves control of seizures, general cerebral support, correction of metabolic abnormalities, maintenance of normal arterial blood gas values, maintenance of tissue perfusion, maintenance of renal function, treatment of gastrointestinal dysfunction, prevention and recognition and early treatment of secondary infections, and general supportive care. doi = 10.1016/b0-72-169777-1/50021-4 id = cord-284893-qi6dkcb3 author = Wilson, Kumanan title = Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease and the Canadian blood system after the tainted blood tragedy date = 2006-10-02 keywords = Canada; blood; canadian; policy summary = The objective of our overall study was to understand and compare the decision-making processes concerning two Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease-related decisions: a 1995 withdrawal of blood products from a classical CJD donor and a 1999 decision to defer donations from individuals who had traveled to the United Kingdom for 6 months during the peak of the BSE outbreak (1980) (1981) (1982) (1983) (1984) (1985) (1986) (1987) (1988) (1989) (1990) (1991) (1992) (1993) (1994) (1995) (1996) . In Canada three pieces of information played an important role in influencing the decision-making process leading to the donor deferral decision: (1) the risk of transmission of vCJD via blood products, (2) the impact of donor deferral on the blood supply, and (3) the degree of reduction in the blood supply the blood system could sustain. doi = 10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.08.023 id = cord-350224-dt3li3bk author = Ye, Qingsong title = Safety and efficacy assessment of allogeneic human dental pulp stem cells to treat patients with severe COVID-19: structured summary of a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (Phase I / II) date = 2020-06-12 keywords = blood; cell; grade summary = title: Safety and efficacy assessment of allogeneic human dental pulp stem cells to treat patients with severe COVID-19: structured summary of a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (Phase I / II) The experimental group will receive an intravenous injection of dental pulp stem cells suspension (3.0x10(7) human DPSCs in 30ml saline solution) on day 1, 4 and 7; The control group will receive an equal amount of saline (placebo) on the same days. The experimental group will receive an intravenous injection of dental pulp stem cells suspension (3.0x10 7 human DPSCs in 30ml saline solution) on day 1, 4 and 7; Full study protocol.Authors'' contributions QY, ZW and SLW conceived the research idea; QY, HW, XX, YH and GZ designed the study protocol and developed the research plan; CZ and QY obtained the ethics approval; QY and ZL coordinated the tasks among different investigators; CZ, ZZ, ZL and QY YZ and KH recruited the participants and collected data. doi = 10.1186/s13063-020-04380-5 id = cord-345679-ydwcp75s author = Younas, Amber title = SEROPREVALENCE OF SARS-COV-2 ANTIBODIES AMONG HEALTHY BLOOD DONORS IN KARACHI, PAKISTAN date = 2020-08-24 keywords = SARS; blood summary = title: SEROPREVALENCE OF SARS-COV-2 ANTIBODIES AMONG HEALTHY BLOOD DONORS IN KARACHI, PAKISTAN Despite the prevailing pandemic, there are no recommendations available as yet for testing SARS-CoV-2 antibodies as part of blood screening. In our study, we conducted specific serological testing (total antibodies) to identify prevalence of SARS-2-CoV antibodies among the healthy blood donors who visited Blood Bank at our Institute.Their results were compared with specific serologic results of blood donors that came before the onset of pandemic(October, 2019). In July 2020, we tested 300 healthy blood donors, 113 donors (37.7%) were found to be reactive for anti-SARS-CoV-2antibodies. Another study in Northern France reported 25.8% of population positive for COVID-19 antibody(19)but they also did not exclude previously symptomatic cases. To conclude, seroprevalence of SARS-COV-2 antibodies has increased in Pakistan over a period of time and could help in recognizing the actual number of COVID-19 cases. The prevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 among blood donors in China.medRxiv doi = 10.1016/j.transci.2020.102923 id = cord-005497-w81ysjf9 author = nan title = 40th International Symposium on Intensive Care & Emergency Medicine: Brussels, Belgium. 24-27 March 2020 date = 2020-03-24 keywords = AKI; AUC; CRP; CRRT; Care; Critical; ECMO; Fig; Hospital; ICU; IQR; Intensive; LOS; LPS; OHCA; PCT; ROC; TBI; Unit; University; VAP; blood; day; figure; group; high; introduction; mortality; patient; result; sepsis; sofa; study; table summary = The positive NC group had more plasma transfusion (p-value 0.03) and a lower median hematocrit at 24 hrs (p-value 0.013), but similar hospital length of stay (p=0.17) and mortality rate (p=0.80) Conclusions: NC at ICU admission identifies subclinical AKI in TBI patients and it maight be used to predictclinical AKI. In patients with pneumonia requiring intensive care (ICU) admission, we hypothesise that abnormal right ventricular (RV) function is associated with an increased 90-day mortality. The objective of this study was to describe the incidence of each AKI stages as defined by KDIGO definition (with evaluation of urine output, serum creatinine and initiation of renal replacement therapy (RRT)), in a mixed medical and surgical population of patients hospitalized in ICU and PCU over a 10-year period (2008-2018). This study aimed at investigating the relationship of goal-directed energy and protein adequacy on clinical outcomes which includes mortality, intensive care unit(ICU) and hospital length of stay (LOS), and length of mechanical ventilation (LOMV). doi = 10.1186/s13054-020-2772-3 id = cord-005646-xhx9pzhj author = nan title = 2nd World Congress on Pediatric Intensive Care 1996 Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 23–26 June 1996 Abstracts of Oral Presentations, Posters and Nursing Programme date = 1996 keywords = ARDS; CPB; Care; Children; ECMO; Hospital; ICU; Intensive; PICU; Pediatric; Unit; age; blood; case; child; conclusion; day; failure; group; high; hour; increase; infant; level; mean; method; patient; prism; pulmonary; respiratory; result; severe; study; ventilation; year summary = Aims and methods The aim of both a prospective and retrospective survey conducted in German pediatric intensive care units in 1993 was to accumulate data on the epidemiology, risk factors, natural history and treatment strategies in a large group of pediatric ARDS patients who were treated in the tt~ee year period from 1991 to 1993.All patients had acute bilateral alveolar infiltration of noncardiogenic origin and a pO2~iO2 ratio < 150mmHg. The influence of sex, underlying disease and single organ failure was analyzed using the Fischer''s exact test, the influence of additional organ failure on mortality was tested with the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszet statistics. doi = 10.1007/bf02316512 id = cord-005814-ak5pq312 author = nan title = 8th European Congress of Intensive Care Medicine Athens - Greece, October 18–22, 1995 Abstracts date = 1995 keywords = AMI; APACHE; ARDS; ARF; COPD; CPB; CPR; CVP; Care; ECG; ECMO; Group; H20; Hospital; ICP; ICU; III; IL-6; Intensive; January; LPS; MOF; PSV; SAPS; TNF; Unit; University; acute; blood; cardiac; change; conclusion; control; day; effect; failure; follow; high; hour; increase; level; mean; measure; method; mortality; objective; patient; peep; pressure; pulmonary; respiratory; result; study; treatment; value summary = Results: In 5 patients with treated SS, 16 tests were performed (VL n=8; Dobu n=4; NA n=4 Method: Septic shock was defined as severe sepsis with either persistent hypotension (mean arterial pressure; MAP<70 mmHg) or the requirement for a noradrenaline (NA) infusion ~> 0.1 ~g/kg/min with a MAP _< 90mmHg. Cardiovascular support was limited to NA + dobutamine (DB), 546C88 was administered for up to 8 h at a fixed dose-rate of either i, 2.5, 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg/h iv. Methods: Fourteen cases were s~udied,their gestational age ranged from(27-32)ws.Continnous positive air way pressure was applied to six cases at Peep level from (3-6)cm H2o through nasal pronge,(group I),the other 8 cases were managed as routine,(group II).Blood gases, TcPO2,TcCo2,resp.rate,depth and pattern were monitored for assessment of tissue Oxygenation and ventilation, Results: Our rasults showed that early application of CPAP improve ventilation among (83.3%)of cases,while (16.7%)of cases need IMV.The cases of group II need IMV among (75%)of the studied cases during the second or the third day of life. doi = 10.1007/bf02426401 id = cord-006226-fn7zlutj author = nan title = Abstracts of the 4th annual meeting of the German Society of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapy: Hannover, 14–17 September 1994 date = 1994 keywords = ASA; HPLC; PGE1; blood; concentration; cost; dose; drug; effect; increase; mmc; patient; result; study; time summary = The following were analysed: heart rate (HR, bpm), pre-ejection time (PEP, ms), ejection time (VET, ms), HR-corrected electromechanical systole (QS2c, ms), impedance-cardiographic estimates of stroke volume (SV, ml), cardiac output (CO, I/min) and peripheral resistance (TPR, dyn.s.cm -5) calculated from CO and mean blood pressure (SBP and DBP according to auscultatory Korotkoff-I and -IV sounds This indicates that 1) about half the rise of HR and CO and half the shortening of PEP is 131-respectively 1~2-determined, 2) that predominant 132-adrenergic responses, whilst not affecting VET, take optimal benefit from the inodilatory enhancement of pump performance, 3) that an additional 131-adrenergic stimulation is proportionally less efficient, as VET is dramatically shortened, thus blunting the gain in SV so that the rise in CO relies substantially on the amplified increase of HR and 4), VET is more sensitive than QS2c in expressing additional 131-adrenoceptor agonism and 5) prime systolic time intervals provide a less speculative and physiologically more meaningful represenation of cardiac pump dynamics than HR-corrected ones. doi = 10.1007/bf00193489 id = cord-006391-esnsa4u5 author = nan title = Abstracts 5(th) Tripartite Meeting Salzburg/Austria, September 9–11,1982 date = 1982 keywords = AMX; ATP; Doppler; Group; animal; blood; cell; control; day; effect; graft; increase; level; liver; method; normal; patient; rat; result; study summary = In our parallel tests using an excision-sample technique [2] which is considerably more sensitive than the DGHM procedure, we have observed the following mean reductions in the counts of accessible bacteria: iodine in ethanol, 96%; povidone-iodine, 89%; chlorhexidine in ethanol, 88%; iso-propanol, The purpose of this study was to compare radiation injury in Guinea Pig small bowel (1) devoid of contents (2) containing bile (3) containing pancreatic juice. Studies in vitro employing isolated perfused rat pancreas and stomach revealed following results: Mean basal pancreatic somatostatin release in normal, diabetic and transplanted rats were 12___3, 24-t-7, and 17__+4 pg/ml, respectively. As these changes appear closely correlated to the blood glucose levels which show a 30 % decrease at 4 h and progressive restoration towards normal values up to 24 h, attempts have been made to alter the insulin/glucagon ratio by glucose infusion after PH and study its relation to liver regeneration. doi = 10.1007/bf01279099 id = cord-006860-a3b8hyyr author = nan title = 40th Annual Meeting of the GTH (Gesellschaft für Thrombose- und Hämostaseforschung) date = 1996 keywords = ADP; APC; APTT; DVT; ELISA; FXII; Germany; HUVEC; INR; LMWH; Leiden; PAI; PCR; STA; TEG; VIII; activity; blood; cell; dna; factor; hat; heparin; high; increase; level; patient; plasma; platelet; protein; result; study; time summary = Dept of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Kiel and Mtinster, Germany Resistance to activated protein C (APCR), in the majority of cases associated with the Arg 506 Gin point mutation in the factor V gene is present in more than 50 % of patients < 60 years of age with unexplained thrombophilia. The regular APC resistance test is not applicable to plasma from Orally anticoagulated (OAC) or heparinized patients due to decreased levels of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors and to thrombin inhibition by antithrombin, respectively. On admission an extensive coagulation screen yielded the following results (n/normal, t/elevated, I/reduced, +/positive, -/negative): PT t, aPTT t, Tr n, factor II, V, VIII n, factor VII, IX, XI, XII /,, fibrinogan t, ATIII n, protein C, S *, activated protein C sensitivity ratio 1.92 ($), FV-Leidenmutation PCR -, fibrinolytic system n, TAT t, Ft÷2 t, lupus anticoagulant +, heparin induced platelet antibodies +; no diagnosis of a specific autoimmuna disorder could be made. doi = 10.1007/bf00641048 id = cord-010088-s9tfvtao author = nan title = Oral Abstracts date = 2013-11-01 keywords = HBV; HCV; HLA; HNA; HPA; ISBT; Japan; NAT; PRT; TRALI; antibody; blood; cell; donor; patient; platelet; transfusion summary = These include ''incorrect blood component transfused'' events, where the blood component was intended for another recipient (frequently due to errors in patient identification at the time of collection of the pre-transfusion sample, or at the time of bedside administration), or did not meet the patient''s special needs (such as a patient with a red cell antibody who did not receive the required antigen-negative unit). Methods: Eligibility criteria for inclusion in the study included the following: transfusion of Rh D positive platelets, no anti D detectable before transfusion, no previous exposure to Rh D positive blood components, and results of follow-up testing of anti-D in patients serum available. In addition, the allelic frequency of Hpdel was calculated to be 0.015 by a genetic study of a limited number of the Japanese individuals, suggesting that Hp deficiency might distribute among the Japanese population as a phenotype of serum Hp. Aims: In this report, we present the results obtained from a hemovigilance survey carried out between 1998 and 2012, in which Hp deficiency was identified among Japanese patients who had experienced nonhemolytic TRs (NHTRs), and those obtained from a screening of Hp-deficient Japanese healthy blood donors. doi = 10.1111/vox.12100_1 id = cord-010092-uftc8inx author = nan title = Abstract of 29th Regional Congress of the ISBT date = 2019-06-07 keywords = ABO; AIHA; Alinity; Background; Blood; CD34; Conclusions; DAT; December; HBV; HCV; HDFN; HEV; HIV; HLA; Health; Hospital; January; NAT; National; PBM; PCR; PLT; RBC; RHD; RNA; Red; SCD; Service; Summary; Transfusion; aim; anti; cell; dna; donation; donor; group; method; patient; platelet; result; sample; study; test summary = Prospective testing of blood donations in endemic areas of the U.S. revealed 0.38% of donors were positive for Babesia DNA or antibodies (Moritz, NEJM, 2016) Aims: -To report results of ongoing Babesia clinical trial -To explain significance of Babesia as a TT infection Methods: In cobas â Babesia for use on the cobas â 6800/8800 Systems, is a qualitative polymerase chain reaction nucleic acid amplification test, developed to detect in whole blood (WB) donor samples the 4 Babesia species that cause human disease: B. In sensitivity analyses, there were two discrepant results for HIV testing, three for HCV, and five for anti-HBc. Summary/Conclusions: Elecsys â infectious disease parameters on the cobas e 801 analyser demonstrate high specificity/sensitivity for screening first-time blood donor samples, with similar clinical performance to other commercially available assays. doi = 10.1111/vox.12792 id = cord-010119-t1x9gknd author = nan title = Abstract Presentations from the AABB Annual Meeting San Diego, CA ctober 7‐10, 2017 date = 2017-09-04 keywords = ABO; Anti; Background; Blood; CD36; Case; Center; DAT; DTT; Design; FDA; FFP; HBV; HCV; HIV; HLA; Hospital; IPC; MTP; Medical; Medicine; NAT; PCR; PLT; RBC; RHD; Red; Studies; Study; System; TPE; University; WBC; ZIKV; Zika; cd341; cell; conclusion; day; dna; donor; finding; method; patient; platelet; result; sample; table; test; transfusion; type summary = Conclusion: The wide distribution in the concentration of bioactive lipids among 405 stored RBC units suggests that lipid degradation is highly donor-Background/Case Studies: To ensure availability of biological products to hospitals, blood banks have developed and validated multiple storage conditions for each of their products to maximize shelf life and quality. 1 The Department of Blood Transfusion, The PLA General Hospital, 2 The Department of Blood Transfusion, Air Force General Hospital, PLA Background/Case Studies: Recently, multi researches have reported that longer term-stored red blood cells(RBCs) units were associated with increased risks of clinically adverse events, especially in critically ill patients. Weak D types 1, 2 and 3 express all the major RhD epitopes and these patients can be managed as RhD-positive, which may lead to a reduction in unnecessary Rh immunoglobulin (RhIG) administration and conservation of RhD-negative RBCs. Study Design/Method: RHD genotyping was performed on all patient samples with weaker than expected or discrepant RhD typing results, utilizing a commercially available genotyping kit manufactured by Immucor (RHD BeadChip). doi = 10.1111/trf.14286 id = cord-015021-pol2qm74 author = nan title = Third International Congress on the Immune Consequences of Trauma, Shock and Sepsis —Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches date = 1994 keywords = APACHE; ARDS; CD14; CD4; CLP; CRP; CSF; ELISA; ICU; IFN; III; IL-1; IL-2; IL-4; IL-6; IL-8; LEH; LPS; MOF; PAF; PMN; SIRS; TNF; University; animal; blood; cell; control; cytokine; day; effect; endotoxin; factor; follow; group; high; increase; injury; level; method; mouse; patient; production; rat; release; response; result; sepsis; septic; shock; study; trauma summary = It is our current understanding that LPS is responsible for many of the pathophysiological events observed during gramnegative infections and that one of the major mechanisms leading to shock and death is the LPS-induced activation of macrophages resulting in the production and release of lipid and peptide mediators, among which tumor necrosis factor seems to be the most important. However plasma IL-6 estimation revealed a statistically significant reduction at 6 hours in tanrine-treated animals compared to glycino and TW controls ( Objective: To evaluate the effects of allogeneic blood transfusion, thermal injury and bacterial garage on interteukin 4 (IL-4), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) production and host mortality and to study if the administration of thymopentth (THY) could affect these events. doi = 10.1007/bf02258437 id = cord-015126-cyhcbk1j author = nan title = PS 0036-0344 date = 2007-08-25 keywords = APACHE; ARDS; Care; HFOV; Hospital; ICU; Intensive; PCT; VAP; blood; conclusion; day; group; increase; introduction; method; mortality; patient; peep; pressure; result; sofa; study summary = We compared them with ≥70 years old and an ICU stay < 30 days patients, the differences in ICU mortality, Apache II, age, gender and the necessity for renal replacement therapy (RRT) were not significant (see table) . The patients with mild form of acute pancreatitis had low mortality rate (similar to general ward population) despite positive ICU admission criteria in our case series with fifty per cent development of severe form with organ dysfunction/failure later on. Collected data:Demographics,Management prior and during ICU hospitalization (sedation, catecolamin drug use, blood product transfusion, intra-cranial pressure monitoring, neurosurgical emergency surgery etc.),CT-Scan results, Daily worst Glasgow coma scale, admission Simplified Acute Physiology Score II. This prospective interventional study performed in a surgical Intensive Care Unit of a tertiary University Hospital included 35 (21 males) mechanically ventilated and sedated patients with acute cardiovascular failure requiring cardiac output measurement (transpulmonary thermodilution technique)and a fluid challenge. doi = 10.1007/s00134-007-0820-y id = cord-017248-a37t31u1 author = nan title = Alphabetic Listing of Diseases and Conditions date = 2010-05-17 keywords = Associated; Related; Synonyms; acute; aortic; artery; autopsy; blood; chapter; chronic; condition; death; disease; external; heart; lung; note; poisoning; possible; procedure; pulmonary; record; sample; study; syndrome; term; tissue; type summary = Possible Associated Conditions: Disseminated intravascular coagulation;* eclampsia;* glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency (G6PD); hemolytic uremic syndrome;* malignant hypertension; lymphoma* and other malignancies; paroxysmal nocturnal hemo-globinuria; sickle cell disease;*thalassemia;* thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.* (See also below under "NOTE.") NOTE: Hemolysis also may be caused by conditions such as poisoning with chemicals or drugs, heat injury, snake bite,* or infections or may develop as a transfusion reaction* or be secondary to adenocarcinoma, heart valve prostheses (see below), liver disease (see below), renal disease, or congenital erythropoietic porphyria. Unusual under-lying or associated conditions include chronic aortic stenosis or regurgitation; coronary artery anomalies; coronary artery dissection; coronary embolism; coronary ostial stenosis (due to calcification of aortic sinotubular junction or, rarely, to syphilitic aortitis); coronary vasculitis (for instance, in polyarteritis nodosa* or acute hypersensitivity arteritis); hyperthyroidism,* gastrointestinal hemorrhage; * hypothyroidism, * idiopathic arterial calcification of infancy; intramural coronary amyloidosis; pheochromocytoma, polycythemia vera; * pseudoxanthoma elasticum,* radiationinduced coronary stenosis; severe pulmonary hypertension (with right ventricular ischemia); sickle cell disease;* and others. doi = 10.1007/978-1-59745-127-7_17 id = cord-023095-4dannjjm author = nan title = Research Abstract Program of the 2011 ACVIM Forum Denver, Colorado, June 15–18, 2011 date = 2011-05-03 keywords = ACTH; CHF; CKCS; CKD; DMVD; ECG; ELISA; IBD; PCR; TLR5; University; Veterinary; blood; cat; concentration; day; disease; dna; dog; group; horse; sample; study; test; time; treatment summary = The purpose of this study was to determine the short-term effects of ivabradine on heart rate (HR), blood pressure, left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function, left atrial (LA) performance, and clinical tolerance in healthy cats after repeated oral doses. The goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between heart rate and ECG time intervals to body mass in apparently healthy horses and ponies and to calculate normal ranges for different weight groups. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of hypercoagulability in PLN dogs based on thromboelastography (TEG), and to determine whether hypercoagulability in these patients could be predicted by clinical assessments that identify systemic hypertension (systolic blood pressure 4 160 mmHg), hypoalbuminemia (serum albumin o 2.7 mg/dl), antithrombin activity (o 70%), and degree of proteinuria (urine protein:creatinine ratio [UPC] ! doi = 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.0726.x id = cord-023346-8sqbqjm1 author = nan title = MONDAY: POSTERS date = 2005-06-08 keywords = ABO; DAT; FFP; HBV; HCV; HIV; HLA; Hospital; NAT; PCR; RBC; RHD; RNA; TRALI; Transfusion; anti; antibody; blood; cell; dna; donor; group; method; patient; platelet; result; study; system; test summary = • enhancement of automation/computerisation; • process control to provide an ''error-free pathway''; • (national) surveillance and trend analysis of results, preferably based on national working standards; • significantly increased sensitivity, especially from development of antigen/antibody ''combi'' assays (e.g. for HIV, and recently, for HCV); • awareness of HBsAg vaccine-escape mutants and design of assays to cope with this; • extension of range of agents and markers tested for (varies in different countries); • increasing range of assays available for testing donors with a relevant history of exposure to malaria or Chagas'' disease infection (for retrieval of otherwise wasted blood); • European Union''s in vitro diagnostics directive: this has caused some problems and reduced flexibility. doi = 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2005.00652.x id = cord-023354-f2ciho6o author = nan title = TUESDAY PLENARY SESSION 3 TUESDAY: POSTERS date = 2005-06-08 keywords = ABO; DAT; FFP; HBV; HCV; HIV; HLA; Hospital; NAT; PCR; RBC; RHD; RNA; TRALI; Transfusion; anti; antibody; blood; cell; dna; donor; group; method; patient; platelet; result; study; system; test summary = • enhancement of automation/computerisation; • process control to provide an ''error-free pathway''; • (national) surveillance and trend analysis of results, preferably based on national working standards; • significantly increased sensitivity, especially from development of antigen/antibody ''combi'' assays (e.g. for HIV, and recently, for HCV); • awareness of HBsAg vaccine-escape mutants and design of assays to cope with this; • extension of range of agents and markers tested for (varies in different countries); • increasing range of assays available for testing donors with a relevant history of exposure to malaria or Chagas'' disease infection (for retrieval of otherwise wasted blood); • European Union''s in vitro diagnostics directive: this has caused some problems and reduced flexibility. doi = 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2005.00654.x id = cord-023364-ut56gczm author = nan title = EDUCATION DAY MONDAY: PLENARY SESSION 1 MONDAY: PARALLEL SESSIONS date = 2005-06-08 keywords = ABO; DAT; FFP; HBV; HCV; HIV; HLA; Hospital; NAT; PCR; RBC; RHD; RNA; TRALI; Transfusion; anti; antibody; blood; cell; dna; donor; group; method; patient; platelet; result; study; system; test summary = • enhancement of automation/computerisation; • process control to provide an ''error-free pathway''; • (national) surveillance and trend analysis of results, preferably based on national working standards; • significantly increased sensitivity, especially from development of antigen/antibody ''combi'' assays (e.g. for HIV, and recently, for HCV); • awareness of HBsAg vaccine-escape mutants and design of assays to cope with this; • extension of range of agents and markers tested for (varies in different countries); • increasing range of assays available for testing donors with a relevant history of exposure to malaria or Chagas'' disease infection (for retrieval of otherwise wasted blood); • European Union''s in vitro diagnostics directive: this has caused some problems and reduced flexibility. doi = 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2005.00651.x