Summary of your 'study carrel' ============================== This is a summary of your Distant Reader 'study carrel'. The Distant Reader harvested & cached your content into a collection/corpus. It then applied sets of natural language processing and text mining against the collection. The results of this process was reduced to a database file -- a 'study carrel'. The study carrel can then be queried, thus bringing light specific characteristics for your collection. These characteristics can help you summarize the collection as well as enumerate things you might want to investigate more closely. This report is a terse narrative report, and when processing is complete you will be linked to a more complete narrative report. Eric Lease Morgan Number of items in the collection; 'How big is my corpus?' ---------------------------------------------------------- 70 Average length of all items measured in words; "More or less, how big is each item?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4631 Average readability score of all items (0 = difficult; 100 = easy) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 51 Top 50 statistically significant keywords; "What is my collection about?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 70 Brazil 17 COVID-19 8 SARS 7 covid-19 4 case 3 brazilian 3 ZIKV 2 vaccine 2 international 2 influenza 2 dengue 2 ICU 2 DENV 2 Amazon 2 Aedes 1 water 1 vivax 1 virus 1 vaccination 1 time 1 test 1 study 1 state 1 specie 1 slave 1 sharing 1 population 1 police 1 plantation 1 patient 1 number 1 mortality 1 measure 1 masculinity 1 malaria 1 land 1 infection 1 indigenous 1 increase 1 hunting 1 human 1 figure 1 eb1 1 drug 1 dog 1 doctor 1 disease 1 diabetes 1 datum 1 cookie Top 50 lemmatized nouns; "What is discussed?" --------------------------------------------- 1436 case 1127 % 1034 disease 874 virus 799 infection 764 country 749 study 739 number 710 population 687 pandemic 673 health 669 vaccine 621 datum 564 time 546 model 486 rate 460 patient 459 region 455 state 447 people 435 year 414 day 377 death 375 transmission 368 epidemic 363 measure 355 influenza 350 dog 350 city 350 area 348 water 343 analysis 331 result 331 factor 330 vaccination 324 author 322 risk 306 individual 297 group 296 level 294 system 288 care 287 effect 287 coronavirus 277 use 273 preprint 254 animal 247 outbreak 244 isolation 243 prevalence Top 50 proper nouns; "What are the names of persons or places?" -------------------------------------------------------------- 1573 Brazil 789 COVID-19 783 al 665 et 492 . 369 SARS 311 de 305 CoV-2 253 Health 240 _ 178 Paulo 170 ZIKV 158 China 154 Fig 153 Zika 153 São 147 May 144 America 143 April 134 March 126 Bolsonaro 121 PMM 111 CC 104 LATAM 104 L. 97 Brazilian 93 USA 93 EB1 93 Amazon 92 da 92 February 89 BY 87 South 87 Italy 86 World 84 Table 83 PCR 83 Organization 82 United 79 ICU 78 Rio 78 ND 74 Influenza 73 e 69 Plasmodium 69 OBPF 68 States 68 State 68 June 68 Coronavirus Top 50 personal pronouns nouns; "To whom are things referred?" ------------------------------------------------------------- 1026 it 957 we 315 they 261 i 153 he 105 them 70 us 50 you 40 one 39 themselves 32 me 28 itself 27 him 23 she 18 himself 16 em 5 her 4 myself 2 o139 2 mg 2 herself 1 − 1 z+1 1 yourself 1 t 1 ourselves 1 f 1 covid-19 1 be~1 1 504 Top 50 lemmatized verbs; "What do things do?" --------------------------------------------- 9993 be 1948 have 767 use 500 do 479 show 458 report 426 consider 368 make 365 associate 354 include 348 increase 292 confirm 282 follow 258 base 247 find 244 present 233 provide 229 observe 222 infect 220 relate 219 give 211 occur 208 cause 206 describe 205 represent 202 take 188 perform 183 obtain 172 see 171 reduce 164 estimate 163 develop 163 accord 162 identify 156 know 154 compare 154 affect 148 suggest 148 require 146 lead 144 spread 144 display 141 indicate 131 post 130 grant 125 reach 123 need 116 become 113 produce 110 test Top 50 lemmatized adjectives and adverbs; "How are things described?" --------------------------------------------------------------------- 1054 not 663 high 647 other 612 also 587 more 516 social 492 such 425 first 405 brazilian 395 - 359 most 358 different 352 however 346 only 340 covid-19 296 new 296 available 295 low 289 clinical 287 well 283 human 267 public 266 large 256 severe 250 important 231 infectious 220 respiratory 219 possible 219 even 218 many 198 non 190 as 183 same 179 therefore 179 international 175 small 174 infected 167 thus 167 early 160 very 160 several 157 indigenous 156 global 151 out 149 canine 147 great 144 total 143 vivax 142 viral 139 positive Top 50 lemmatized superlative adjectives; "How are things described to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 101 most 91 high 56 least 56 good 50 large 33 Most 26 great 22 low 11 bad 9 poor 6 close 5 old 5 near 4 young 4 late 3 wealthy 3 simple 3 big 2 small 2 rich 2 clear 2 Least 1 ’s 1 weak 1 triennially 1 tough 1 strong 1 long 1 heavy 1 few 1 easy 1 dry 1 deadly 1 dark 1 510/2016 Top 50 lemmatized superlative adverbs; "How do things do to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 258 most 34 least 7 well 2 ® 2 worst 1 hard 1 fast Top 50 Internet domains; "What Webbed places are alluded to in this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 67 doi.org 8 covid.saude.gov.br 4 github.com 2 www.worldometers.info 2 orcid.org 2 mapabrasileirodacovid.inloco.com.br 2 dx.doi.org 1 www.wsava 1 www.worldometers 1 www.worldclim.org 1 www.wor 1 www.saude.gov.br 1 www.pqmd.org 1 www.nytimes.com 1 www.medrxiv.org 1 www.jusbrasil.com.br 1 www.jstor 1 www.gisaid.org 1 www.gfk.com 1 www.ft.com 1 www.fiavac.org 1 www.esccap.org 1 www.eastwestcenter.org 1 www.covid.saude.gov.br 1 www.catsg.org 1 www 1 qgis 1 openflights.org 1 inloco.com.br 1 en.wondfo.com.cn 1 ees.elsevier.com 1 doi 1 covid.saude 1 covid 1 ciis.fmrp.usp.br 1 censo2010.ibge.gov.br 1 bit.ly Top 50 URLs; "What is hyperlinked from this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------- 14 http://doi.org/10 9 http://doi.org/10.1101 8 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.02.20224444 7 http://covid.saude.gov.br/ 6 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.25.20077396 5 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.24.20112029 4 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.27.20115212 4 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.09.20096719 4 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.18.20070896 3 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.26.20140780 3 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.02.20088013 2 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.26.20044370 1 http://www.wsava 1 http://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/ 1 http://www.worldometers.info/coronavir 1 http://www.worldometers 1 http://www.worldclim.org 1 http://www.wor 1 http://www.saude.gov.br/sistema-unico-de-saude 1 http://www.pqmd.org/cms/node/116 1 http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/07/05/ 1 http://www.medrxiv.org/content/early/2020/05/12/2020.03.31.20049130.full.pdf 1 http://www.jusbrasil.com.br/diarios/DOU/ 1 http://www.jstor 1 http://www.gisaid.org/ 1 http://www.gfk.com/fileadmin/user_upload/country_one_pager/NL/documents/Global-GfK-survey_Pet-Ownership_2016 1 http://www.ft.com/content/6bd88b7d-3386-4543-b2e9-0d5c6fac846c 1 http://www.fiavac.org/guias.php 1 http://www.esccap.org/guidelines/ 1 http://www.eastwestcenter.org/index.php?id=5518&print=1 1 http://www.covid.saude.gov.br 1 http://www.catsg.org/ 1 http://www 1 http://qgis 1 http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1562-6068 1 http://orcid.org/0000-0001 1 http://openflights.org/data.html 1 http://mapabrasileirodacovid.inloco.com.br/ 1 http://mapabrasileirodacovid.inloco.com.br 1 http://inloco.com.br/ 1 http://github.com/wcota/covid19br 1 http://github.com/hCoV-2019/pangolin 1 http://github.com/hCoV-2019/ 1 http://github.com/articnetwork/artic-ncov2019/tree/master/primer_schemes/ 1 http://en.wondfo.com.cn/product/wondfo-sars-cov-2-antibody-test-lateral-flow-method-2/ 1 http://ees.elsevier.com/ 1 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/ 1 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ 1 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.18.20177626 1 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06 Top 50 email addresses; "Who are you gonna call?" ------------------------------------------------- 1 rmarques@fisica.ufpr.br 1 mbeims@fisica.ufpr.br 1 lufavorito@yahoo.com.br 1 elb@fisica.ufpr.br 1 cesar.manchein@udesc.br Top 50 positive assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-noun?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 study are available 4 brazil is not 4 brazil is still 4 cases are not 4 rate is high 4 vaccines are available 3 case is now 3 covid-19 is higher 3 data are not 3 model does not 3 people are subject 3 population is susceptible 3 vaccines are not 2 brazil did not 2 brazil does not 2 brazil had already 2 brazil has many 2 brazil has not 2 brazil has several 2 brazil has significantly 2 brazil is also 2 case was officially 2 cases are effectively 2 cases are still 2 cases is less 2 cases is not 2 cases is still 2 cases were not 2 covid-19 confirmed case 2 covid-19 is still 2 disease are central 2 disease is present 2 infection is likely 2 infection is more 2 infections occur annually 2 model did not 2 model presented here 2 numbers are considerably 2 people are aware 2 people are likely 2 population was not 2 states did not 2 studies are available 2 study did not 2 transmission was already 2 vaccine does not 2 vaccine is available 2 vaccines are also 2 vaccines are generally 2 vaccines are only Top 50 negative assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-no|not-noun?" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 data are not available 1 % has no income 1 brazil is not even 1 brazil is not ready 1 cases are not directly 1 cases are not large 1 cases are not relevant 1 cases is not presently 1 cases reported no symptoms 1 country is not able 1 data are not publicly 1 data were not available 1 death were not significantly 1 infection was not present 1 patients is not available 1 population was not obviously 1 studied had not yet 1 vaccine are not well 1 vaccine was not effective 1 vaccines are not currently 1 vaccines are not yet 1 virus does not necessarily 1 virus is not yet 1 virus was not as 1 viruses are not significantly A rudimentary bibliography -------------------------- id = cord-353019-7wj0eu1f author = Alcadipani, Rafael title = Pandemic and Macho Organizations: Wakeup Call or Business as Usual? date = 2020-05-13 keywords = Brazil; COVID-19; masculinity; police summary = The cult of masculinity is performed, for example, in police storytelling within the organization making a natural feature the use of violence and force when facing "bad-guys" (Dick, 2005) and also the need to prove their masculinity in daily work (Wilson, 1968) . If machismo and masculinity are cornerstones of police occupational culture, how will these elements play out in the extreme context of pandemic times when police officers need to be deployed to the front line? When I was going to the lecture theatre, a police detective who works at the Academy approached me and said, "Professor, there are some students concerned about attending your talk due to COVID-19. Under their macho police culture facing danger, making displays of hegemonic masculinity such as avoiding showing fear, was their reaction towards the virus threat. Either the pandemic situation seems to be putting police macho masculinity in danger (for the good), or at least it shows how problematic it can be for organizations. doi = 10.1111/gwao.12466 id = cord-345834-l2e5v39s author = Anacleto, M.A. title = Diffusive process under Lifshitz scaling and pandemic scenarios date = 2020-08-20 keywords = Brazil; COVID-19; Germany summary = Furthermore, we depicted the cumulative cases curves of COVID-19, reproducing the spreading of the pandemic between the cities of São Paulo and São José dos Campos, Brazil. In our investigation, we introduce a new version of the diffusion equation inspired by Horava''s work, and we use it to fit real active cases data of COVID-19 from Germany, Spain and Brazil. We can observe that the black solid curves are in good agreement with the pandemic data, and they predict that the active cases of COVID-19 would be fully controlled in Spain after day 120 (June 11, 2020), where the number of infected people is less than 1000. We can observe that our model successfully reproduces the evolution of the pandemic in theses two cities if we consider z = 50, which is the same value used to fit Spain and Brazil''s active cases curves in the previous section. These models were used to fit real active cases data of COVID-19 from three different countries (Germany, Spain, and Brazil). doi = 10.1016/j.physa.2020.125092 id = cord-287488-h102xn29 author = Araujo, Danielle Bastos title = SARS-CoV-2 isolation from the first reported patients in Brazil and establishment of a coordinated task network date = 2020-10-23 keywords = Brazil; RNA; SARS; Vero summary = BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was confirmed in Brazil in February 2020, the first cases were followed by an increase in the number of cases throughout the country, resulting in an important public health crisis that requires fast and coordinated responses. METHODS: After diagnosis in patients that returned from Italy to the São Paulo city in late February by RT-PCR, SARS-CoV-2 isolates were obtained in cell cultures and characterised by full genome sequencing, electron microscopy and in vitro replication properties. FINDINGS: The virus isolate was recovered from nasopharyngeal specimen, propagated in Vero cells (E6, CCL-81 and hSLAM), with clear cytopathic effects, and characterised by full genome sequencing, electron microscopy and in vitro replication properties. Virus stocks viable (titre 2.11 × 10(6) TCID50/mL, titre 1.5 × 10(6) PFUs/mL) and inactivated from isolate SARS.CoV2/SP02.2020.HIAE.Br were prepared and set available to the public health authorities and the scientific community in Brazil and abroad. doi = 10.1590/0074-02760200342 id = cord-307306-ju0vcalk author = Barbosa, Daniel A. N. title = Upholding Scientific Duty Amidst Poisonous Disinformation date = 2020-07-22 keywords = Brazil summary = Because of a recent politically-biased Lancet editorial, the world''s opinion has been directed against the Brazilian government over the rising numbers of COVID-19 cases in the country. In fact, Brazil is not even on the list of the 10 countries with the highest number of deaths per 100,000 people. The disinformation presented by a renowned medical journal has ignited severe criticisms against a Chief-of-State for not promoting a generalized lockdown in a country of continental size. In a recent Lancet editorial, the world''s attention was directed toward the rising numbers of confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths in Brazil [1] . Brazil is now the country with the second-highest total number of confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths [4] . In fact, the universal lockdown adopted by Brazilian mayors and state governors has not slowed down the growing raw number of COVID-19 cases; instead, it has proven to be extremely harmful to several underserved communities [5] . doi = 10.7759/cureus.9339 id = cord-268296-w0i7rhru author = Barros, Eliana Nogueira Castro de title = Patterns of influenza B circulation in Brazil and its relevance to seasonal vaccine composition() date = 2015-11-25 keywords = Brazil; influenza summary = 14 Data on laboratory surveillance of the influenza B virus in Brazil are limited, specifically data on the burden of disease and circulation patterns of influenza B lineages. The present integrative review of publicly available data aims to consolidate findings on the pattern of influenza B occurrence in Brazil to have a better understanding of influenza B epidemiology and its relevance to seasonal vaccine composition. We referred to international data sources to check WHO recommendations on the vaccine composition in the Southern hemisphere, 18 and information on circulating influenza lineages for Brazil, the South America region and globally from the WHO/FluNet database which provides data through its network -Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS) laboratories. The three reviewed abstracts, which specifically report findings on influenza B mismatch, corroborate this unpredictable behavior of influenza B disease in Brazil for many other seasons for which data were not available in the International Epidemiological surveillance data. doi = 10.1016/j.bjid.2015.09.009 id = cord-021377-1qac76tn author = Barstow, Anita L. title = Leopardus braccatus (Carnivora: Felidae) date = 2012-04-09 keywords = Brazil; Felidae; Garcia; Leopardus; Perea summary = Using morphological characteristics, Garcia-Perea (1994) assessed the taxonomy of some South American small felids, formerly grouped under Felis eoloeolo, with 86 specimens from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay, consisting of 72 study skins and 51 skulls, from 8 North American, South American, and European collections. Garcia-Perea (1994) describes all species in the "pampas cat" group, including Leopardus braccatus, as follows: face has 2 transverse brown to black lines that cross each cheek; superior line starts in the external comer of the eye; inferior line is almost parallel running up around the lateral side of the cheeks; and a 3rd line appears in some specimens at the dorsal end of the inferior line coming from under the chin and throat, creating a sharp angle where the 2 meet on the lateroposterior side of the cheeks. doi = 10.1644/891.1 id = cord-353996-slnyun4l author = Baumgartner, M. T. title = Social distancing and movement constraint as the most likely factors for COVID-19 outbreak control in Brazil date = 2020-05-08 keywords = Brazil; COVID-19; SARS; international summary = In spite of all limitations of such a large-scale approach, our results underline that climatic conditions are likely weak limiting factors for the spread of the new coronavirus, and the circulation of people in the cityand country-level are the most responsible factors for the early outbreak of COVID-19 in Brazil. We studied the exponential growth of time series data for over 460 cities with reported cases of infections by the new coronavirus, considering the effect of the environment, socioeconomic indicators, movement of people across the country, and social distancing. Our results show that the early spread of the new coronavirus in Brazil was mitigated by social distancing in some regions, but was also positively related to the size of the population of cities and how people moved across them. . https://doi.org/10.1101 In Great China, the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak expanded fast throughout the country and the majority of early cases reported outside of its origin had admitted recent travels to Wuhan, the core of the disease spread (Chinazzi et al., 2020) . doi = 10.1101/2020.05.02.20088013 id = cord-300795-s7y9m8iu author = Brandão, Paulo E. title = Complete Genome Sequence of a Brazil-Type Avian coronavirus Detected in a Chicken date = 2016-10-13 keywords = Brazil summary = This paper reports the first complete genome sequence of a Brazil type of this virus (27,615 nucleotides [nt]) isolated from the kidneys of a chicken. navirinae:Gammacoronavirus) host-type avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in chickens occurs as multiple types grouped in six genotypes, with a total of 32 lineages based on spike S gene comparisons, and it is involved in multisystem highly contagious infections of chickens (1, 2) . Spike sequence-based analysis revealed that strain Gammacoronavirus/AvCoV/chicken/Brazil/23/2013 belongs to the GI-11 AvCoV lineage (Brazil type) with only 82.9% nt identity with the Massachusetts (GI-1) type used as a live vaccine in Brazil against avian infectious bronchitis; this low identity is one of the reasons for the lower protection given by this vaccine reported after challenges with the Brazil type (6). The Gammacoronavirus/AvCoV/chicken/Brazil/23/2013 complete genome sequence is deposited in GenBank under the accession number KX258195. This work, including the efforts of Paulo Eduardo Brandão, Giselle Razzera Rosso Ayres, Carolina Alejo Torres, and Aline S. doi = 10.1128/genomea.01135-16 id = cord-283291-lj3k53px author = Brugnago, Eduardo L. title = How relevant is the decision of containment measures against COVID-19 applied ahead of time? date = 2020-08-12 keywords = April; Brazil; Fig summary = The cumulative number of confirmed infected individuals by the new coronavirus outbreak until April 30(th), 2020, is presented for the countries: Belgium, Brazil, United Kingdom (UK), and the United States of America (USA). For Belgium, UK, and USA, countries with a large number of infected people, after the power-law growth, a distinct behavior is obtained when approaching saturation. We study how changing the social distance and the number of daily tests to identify infected asymptomatic individuals can interfere in the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 when applied in three distinct days, namely April 16(th) (early), April 30(th) (current), and May 14(th) (late). One leading observation was that after an initial time with a low incidence of newly infected people, the growth of the cumulative number of confirmed cases for all studied countries followed a power-law. doi = 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110164 id = cord-252345-06jdg26s author = Carvalho, Vitor Oliveira title = COVID‐19 pandemic: Beyond medical education in Brazil date = 2020-06-12 keywords = Brazil summary = 1 The current pandemic has also brought new challenges to medical education in general (eg, physicians, nurses, physical therapists, and pharmaceuticals). 3 In Brazil, a developing country, the public healthcare system is known to work almost at the maximum of its capacity, which makes the population fear the tragic consequences of COVID-19 pandemic. During an exponential increase in COVID-19 in Brazil, a change in our education system is necessary to minimize the possible staff deficit and to avoid massive contamination of students. 5, 6 In a recent article, Newman and Lattouf brilliantly showed the concern about medical education during the COVID-19 pandemic and the necessity of adaptation through technological innovation. However, in a developing country, like Brazil, this scenario is more challenging. What are we learning from this pandemic to improve our educational system and public health? Medical student education in the time of COVID-19 doi = 10.1111/jocs.14646 id = cord-309875-8awkpi2p author = Cavalcante, Francisco Pimentel title = Breast cancer and COVID‐19 pandemic in Brazil date = 2020-08-05 keywords = Brazil summary = Although some of these suggestions have not been officially endorsed by the Brazilian Society of Mastology (SBM), it is possible that these international guidelines had an impact in Brazil. We created questions regarding invasive, T1/2 N0 HR+, and T1N0 HER2+/TN cancers, because these patients, in Brazil, are normally submitted to primary surgery. More studies are needed to know the real impact of the pandemic on patients treated with breast cancer in the pandemic period. Discordance of COVID-19 guidelines for patients with cancer: a systematic review A practical approach to the management of cancer patients during the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: an international collaborative group the COVID-19 pandemic breast cancer consortium Recommendations for triage, prioritization and treatment of breast cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic Recommendations for triage, prioritization and treatment of breast cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic Management of early breast cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil doi = 10.1002/jso.26143 id = cord-290385-0smnl70i author = Chan, Jasper F.W. title = Zika fever and congenital Zika syndrome: An unexpected emerging arboviral disease date = 2016-03-03 keywords = Aedes; Brazil; DENV; ZIKV; Zika; infection; virus summary = Unlike its mosquito-borne relatives, such as dengue, West Nile, and Japanese encephalitis viruses, which can cause severe human diseases, Zika virus (ZIKV) has emerged from obscurity by its association with a suspected "congenital Zika syndrome", while causing asymptomatic or mild exanthematous febrile infections which are dengueor rubella-like in infected individuals. ZIKV RNA could be detected in breast milk and saliva of infected women, although replicative virus particles have not been demonstrated 78, 79 Perinatal transmission of other arboviruses, including DENV, CHIKV, WNV, and YFV, has also been reported. 115,120 74/ 8750 (0.8%) patients with suspected ZIKV infection in the French Polynesia outbreak developed neurological syndromes after presenting with a Zika fever-like illness. Zika fever-related death appears to be extremely rare but a number of probable cases have been reported, especially among immunocompromised patients and neonates with suspected congenital ZIKV infection. doi = 10.1016/j.jinf.2016.02.011 id = cord-356041-tc2cumv2 author = Cotrin, Paula title = Healthcare Workers in Brazil during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey date = 2020-10-09 keywords = Brazil; PPE; covid-19 summary = This study compared the impact of COVID-19 pandemic among three categories of healthcare workers in Brazil: physicians, nurses, and dentists, about workload, income, protection, training, feelings, behavior, and level of concern and anxiety. The healthcare workers reported a significant impact of COVID-19 pandemic in their income, workload and anxiety, with differences among physicians, nurses and dentists. This way, this study aimed to compare the impact of COVID-19 pandemic in the healthcare workers: physicians, nurses, and dentists, regarding workload, income, PPE, training, behavior, feelings, and level of anxiety. Inclusion criteria were: healthcare workers (physicians, nurses or dentists), above 22 years of age, working in the front line of the pandemic in private and public hospitals, healthcare units and private clinics, but not necessarily with direct contact with COVID-19 infected patients. doi = 10.1177/0046958020963711 id = cord-270998-1adloi3o author = Cunha, Rafes D. S. title = Comparison of immunity against canine distemper, adenovirus and parvovirus after vaccination with two multivalent canine vaccines date = 2020-04-27 keywords = Brazil; Group; vaccine summary = There is a belief among veterinary practitioners and even educational institutions that the vaccines made in Brazil against canine distemper virus (CDV), canine parvovirus (CPV) and canine adenovirus (CAV) are ineffective or only partially effective. METHODS: The study was carried out at the Animal Protection Association and a total of 60 adult mongrel dogs were selected and divided into two groups. RESULTS: In group A, the Elevencell vaccine generated a protective antibody titre against CDV in 26 out of 28 subjects (92.85%), CPV in 24 out of 28 subjects (85.71%) and CAV in 26 out of 28 subjects (92.85%). Before immunization, both groups of animals presented results of ≤2 on the colorimetric scale, which means that all of them were eligible to take part in the vaccination protocol. Evaluation of the humoral immune response induced by vaccination for canine distemper and parvovirus: A pilot study doi = 10.1002/vms3.274 id = cord-262003-vjqqtqd6 author = DUTRA, J. C. S. title = Monitoring and forecasting the number of reported and unreported cases of the COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil using Particle Filter date = 2020-05-29 keywords = Brazil; international summary = Here, using the available data of infected individuals in Brazil, we aim at solving a joint estimation of states and parameters (namely τ 0 , f 0 and µ for the SIRU model) in order to assess the COVID-19 spread and, hence, to be able to predict locally the future progression of the pandemic. In addition, a is related to a discount factor δ as follows, [27] a = 3δ − 1 2δ (17) where 0.95 < δ < 0.99 The general particle filter algorithm for combined estimation of parameters and state variables in time step k − 1, based on the measurements available in time k is given below, [27] 4 Numerical results and discussion In all simulations presented here, we assumed the estimates 1/ν = 6.20798 and 1/η = 11.2784 days [5] for the average times in the model, and also set S 0 = 210.15 · 10 6 as the total of susceptible individuals in Brazil. doi = 10.1101/2020.05.27.20115212 id = cord-257582-e9306xae author = Day, M. J. title = Recommendations on vaccination for Latin American small animal practitioners: a report of the WSAVA Vaccination Guidelines Group date = 2020-03-30 keywords = America; Brazil; CDV; LATAM; MLV; VGG; WSAVA; eb1; vaccine summary = The Vaccination Guidelines Group recognised numerous challenges in Latin America, for example: (1) lack of national oversight of the veterinary profession, (2) extraordinary growth in private veterinary schools of undetermined quality, (3) socioeconomic constraints on client engagement with preventive health care, (4) high regional prevalence of some key infectious diseases (e.g. feline leukaemia virus infection, canine visceral leishmaniosis), (5) almost complete lack of minimal antigen vaccine products as available in other markets, (6) relative lack of vaccine products with extended duration of immunity as available in other markets, (7) availability of vaccine products withdrawn from other markets (e.g. Giardia vaccine) or unique to Latin America (e.g. some Leishmania vaccines), (8) accessibility of vaccines directly by pet owners or breeders such that vaccination is not delivered under veterinary supervision, (9) limited availability of continuing education in veterinary vaccinology and lack of compulsion for continuing professional development and (10) limited peer‐reviewed published scientific data on small companion animal infectious diseases (with the exception of leishmaniosis) and lack of support for such academic research. doi = 10.1111/jsap.13125 id = cord-344639-t9xbzczc author = DeVore, Jonathan title = From sharecropping to equal shares: transforming the sharing economy in northeastern Brazil date = 2020-08-09 keywords = Bahia; Brazil; land; plantation; sharing; slave summary = However, rural Brazilians have also succeeded in transforming shared land into more equal and equitable distributions, from "peasant breaches" that emerged in slave gardens from the early colonial period through the abolition of slavery, to land occupations that occurred in the late twentieth century. These cases suggest that, through planting cacao and coffee trees, enslaved people such as João and Joaquim were able to create specifiable, legally recognizable, and defensible property rights on land that was shared with them by plantation owners. Having secured small spaces of autonomy within the plantation landscape, and opportunities to accumulate small bits of wealth for themselves, these peasant breaches even helped some slaves to achieve their freedom through "self-purchase." 7 Whereas in the cases described by Woodburn, sharing had both the purpose and effect of dissolving social hierarchies by foreclosing opportunities to generate and accumulate property, in southern Bahia, slave owners'' decisions to provide slaves with plots of land they could cultivate for themselves had a similar (if incipient) effect on dissolving social hierarchies. doi = 10.1007/s10624-020-09603-4 id = cord-355800-g1xol1bw author = Favorito, Luciano A. title = The new impact factor of International Brazilian Journal of Urology is 1.342. Where can we get? date = 2020-09-02 keywords = Brazil; Urology summary = The goals of the treatment are the complete absence of kidney stones and eradication of infection with antibiotics and Close follow-up is advised with regular imaging exams and urine culture and Dr. Sahan and collegues from Turkey presented in page 1010 (3) a prospective randomized study about the flexible ureterorenoscopy (f-URS) and laser lithotripsy with The new impact factor of International Brazilian Journal of Urology is 1.342. Dr. Zidde and collegues from Brazil (9) performed an interesting translational study on page 1021 (the cover paper in this number) about the arterial segments of ovine kidney and analyze arterial injuries caused by simulated partial nephrectomy of cranial pole. Dr. Bandinni and collegues from Serbia, Romania, India and Italy (10) performed on page 1029 evaluated the feasibility of vacuum physiotherapy meant to decrease graft contraction and recurrent penile curvature (PC), hence successful tubularization and a straight penis in patients underwent two--stage buccal mucosa graft (BMG) urethroplasty, in proximal hypospadias repair and concluded that physiotherapy with the vacuum device is safe, easy and practically feasible. doi = 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2020.06.01 id = cord-349624-2sypsfba author = Ferigato, Sabrina title = The Brazilian Government''s mistakes in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-10-20 keywords = Brazil summary = Submissions should be made via our electronic submission system at http://ees.elsevier.com/ thelancet/ www.thelancet.com Published online October 20, 2020 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)321644 1 The Brazilian Government''s mistakes in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic The federal government''s denial of science and, consequently, of the seriousness of the pandemic to the health and wellbeing of Brazilians has led to a failure to coordinate, promote, and finance internationally sanctioned public health measures. Yet, primary health care has been overlooked by the federal government as a key element in this public health crisis response. It is necessary to analyse the Brazilian Government''s response to the COVID19 pandemic based on trustworthy knowledge built upon scientific facts. A coordinated politi cal response guided by social justice and evidencebased knowledge is essential to managing any public health emergency, especially one with as broad economic and health impacts as COVID19. For more on COVID-19 in Brazil''s indigenous population see doi = 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32164-4 id = cord-329401-b09wj0h7 author = Fernandes, M.C. title = Identification of pathogens and virulence profile of Rhodococcus equi and Escherichia coli strains obtained from sand of parks date = 2013-10-30 keywords = Brazil; Takai summary = authors: Fernandes, M.C.; Takai, S.; Leite, D.S.; Pinto, J.P.A.N.; Brandão, P.E.; Santarém, V.A.; Listoni, F.J.P.; Da Silva, A.V.; Ribeiro, M.G. title: Identification of pathogens and virulence profile of Rhodococcus equi and Escherichia coli strains obtained from sand of parks The identification of pathogens of viral (Rotavirus, Coronavirus), parasitic (Toxocara spp.) and bacterial (Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Rhodococcus equi) origin shed in feces, and the virulence profile of R. coli isolates were investigated in 200 samples of sand obtained from 40 parks, located in central region of state of Sao Paulo, Brazil, using different diagnostic methods. coli isolates in the environment of parks indicates that the sanitary conditions of the sand should be improved in order to reduce the risks of fecal transmission of pathogens of zoonotic potential to humans in these places. Virulence factors in Escherichia coli strains isolated from urinary tract infection and pyometra cases and from feces of dogs doi = 10.1590/s1517-83822013005000044 id = cord-312267-0tb08b0z author = Freitas, A. S. title = New S.I.R. model used in the projection of COVID 19 cases in Brazil date = 2020-05-01 keywords = Brazil; case summary = The model presented here describes with reasonable agreement the number of COVID-19 cases registered in Brazil between February 26 and April 25, 2020 based on the hypothesis that there a large number no notified cases (11 to 1) and variation in contagion rate according to social isolation measures and greater or lesser exposure to the virus (highest rate in beginning from epidemic). . Fig. 1 shows the behavior of the curves of infected and exposed individuals (that still didn''t contract the disease) in function time, in agreement with the model proposed in this wo qualitative way, however there is slight dependence between the date which the peak of infection occurs and total percentage of infected (number of accumulated cases) at the peak of infection: the larger infected and if the total number of infected is greater (especially in the epidemic peak), the impact on health system is considerably greater (taking into account the same rate of contagion in two cases) . doi = 10.1101/2020.04.26.20080218 id = cord-305936-tdswzj7r author = Freitas, André Ricardo Ribas title = Excess of Mortality in Adults and Elderly and Circulation of Subtypes of Influenza Virus in Southern Brazil date = 2018-01-08 keywords = Brazil; influenza; mortality summary = Despite not controlling for comorbidities, climate, and vaccination, for the >70 years, ratio of respiratory diseases excess mortality rates between AH1N1 (2009) and severe year of H3N2 (2007) shows protection in the pandemic year and great vulnerability during AH3N2 virus predominance. We analyzed particularly the most predominant variants (AH1N1 and AH3N2) on excess of mortality in the adults and elderly of different age groups in a region with marked seasonality of respiratory diseases in Brazil. Among adults (24-59 years), we observe a large excess of deaths rates during the 2009 pandemic (953 obits), which correspond to 7.1 excess deaths from all causes, and 99 excess mortality from respiratory diseases associated with viral infection in every 100,000 individuals of the age group. Although the elderly are the most vulnerable group to viral respiratory infections, we found relative small excess of deaths in years of circulating AH1N1 pre pandemic (2002 and 2008) . doi = 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01903 id = cord-273065-peqz7okh author = Girard, Marc title = Arboviruses: A global public health threat date = 2020-04-24 keywords = Aedes; Brazil; DENV; ZIKV; dengue summary = The repeated occurrence of recent deadly epidemics strongly reinforces the call for action against these viral diseases, and the need for developing effective vaccines, drugs, vector control tools and strong prevention programs. The recent outbreak of neurological disorders and neonatal malformations associated with Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in Latin America {5}, the yellow fever (YFV) epidemics in Angola and Brazil with importation to China [6] , the ever-expanding West Nile virus (WNV) epidemic in the Americas [7] , the recent emergence in East Africa and global spread of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) [8] , as well as the ongoing and expanding dengue virus (DENV) pandemic in the tropics and subtropics [9] have reinforced the call for action in the fight against emerging and re-emerging arboviral diseases. The vaccine showed high efficacy and good safety in seropositive persons in the 9-45 years age group, but a risk of severe dengue was observed in individuals who were naive for DENV infection at the time they were vaccinated. doi = 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.04.011 id = cord-335087-z1dec19i author = Goldani, Luciano Z. title = Infectious diseases and the COVID-19 scenario in Brazil date = 2020-09-06 keywords = Brazil summary = Arboviruses including Dengue, Chikungunya, and Zika in Brazil represent a challenge for public health, considering that are no available vaccines and effective antivirals for treatment. 1, 2 Even with the possibility of underreporting, 874,093 probable cases of Dengue and 415 deaths have been reported in Brazil from January 1 through June 30, 2020. As of September 2020, over 4 million cases of COVID-19 were reported in Brazil, with more than 125.000 deaths. 5 Brazil has the second-highest number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in the world behind the United States. The Unified Brazilian Health System (SUS), which already had deficiencies in care for Dengue and other diseases, had to adapt abruptly to expand the medical structure and train professionals for the COVID-19 pandemic. Nevertheless, different scientific organizations, including the Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases, released statements about the use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, describing what science knows about these drugs and criticizing the government''s position. doi = 10.1016/j.bjid.2020.07.002 id = cord-350859-0khu9mz3 author = Grotto, Rejane Maria Tommasini title = Increasing molecular diagnostic capacity and COVID-19 incidence in Brazil date = 2020-08-18 keywords = Brazil; covid-19 summary = With that in mind, we studied the increase in COVID-19 molecular diagnostic capacity of public health laboratories in different regions in Brazil. Therefore, we searched the epidemiological bulletins provided by the Ministry of Health of Brazil (available at https://covid.saude.gov.br/) for the weekly incidence of laboratoryconfirmed cases; and the Union Official Diary (a daily publication of the Federal Government official decrees, available at https://www.jusbrasil.com.br/diarios/DOU/) to identify new certifications of public laboratories for the molecular diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. Panel A shows the rate of certifications of public laboratories for the molecular diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 by epidemiological week, whereas panel B shows the rate of incidence of laboratoryconfirmed COVID-19 by epidemiological week, both in a Joinpoint Regression analysis (per 100 000 inhabitants). Section A shows the rate of certifications of public laboratories for the molecular diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 by epidemiological week, in a Joinpoint Regression analyzes. doi = 10.1017/s0950268820001818 id = cord-287911-aoulao8w author = Hone, Thomas title = Impact of the Programa Mais médicos (more doctors Programme) on primary care doctor supply and amenable mortality: quasi-experimental study of 5565 Brazilian municipalities date = 2020-09-15 keywords = Brazil; PMM; brazilian; doctor summary = title: Impact of the Programa Mais médicos (more doctors Programme) on primary care doctor supply and amenable mortality: quasi-experimental study of 5565 Brazilian municipalities METHODS: Difference-in-differences regression analysis, exploiting variation in PMM introduction across 5565 municipalities over the period 2008–2017, was employed to examine programme impacts on doctor density and mortality amenable to healthcare. This study examined the impact of PMM on primary care doctor supply and amenable mortality using longitudinal data from 5565 Brazilian municipalities between 2008 and 2017. This study employed differences in differences approaches using longitudinal (panel) regression models to compare the supply of primary care doctors and mortality amenable to healthcare before and after PMM introduction between municipalities that received the programme and municipalities that did not. This study found the PMM in Brazil led to increases in primary care doctor density and was associated modest (1.4%) reductions in mortality amenable to healthcare. doi = 10.1186/s12913-020-05716-2 id = cord-292209-d1ty9etr author = Horta, Bernardo L title = Prevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 according to socioeconomic and ethnic status in a nationwide Brazilian survey date = 2020-10-29 keywords = Brazil; SARS; study; test summary = Subjects answered a questionnaire on household assets, schooling and self-reported skin color/ethnicity using the standard Brazilian classification in five categories: white, black, brown, Asian or indigenous. The present analyses were aimed at assessing socioeconomic and ethnic group inequalities in prevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in 133 sentinel cities throughout Brazil, as part of the EPICOVID-19 study (www.epicovid19brasil.org). In summary, the analyses of the three waves of national serological surveys in Brazil showed important inequalities in the prevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 according to family wealth, education and ethnic groups. Yet, even after adjustment for region, indigenous individuals were about twice as likely as whites to present antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, and in the national analyses including adjustment for region of the country and socioeconomic status, the prevalence ratio remained at around two. doi = 10.26633/rpsp.2020.135 id = cord-004345-7s2m9v2k author = Ishak, Ricardo title = The challenge of describing the epidemiology of HTLV in the Amazon region of Brazil date = 2020-02-14 keywords = Amazon; Brazil; HTLV; HTLV-1 summary = HTLV human infections in the Amazon region of Brazil have been recorded by several studies that considered widely different populations, including blood donors, pregnant women, urban familial aggregates and native indigenous people. Human infections by HTLV in the Amazon region of Brazil have been recorded by several studies involving blood donors [82, [98] [99] [100] [101] [102] , pregnant women [103] [104] [105] [106] , urban familial aggregates [42] and native Indians [6, 56] (Fig. 1) . A large distribution of HTLV-2 was shown among Indians communities not only in the State of Para but also in the Amazon area of Brazil, reaching confirmed prevalence rates of more than 40% [6, 51, 56, 63] among some Indian communities and the detection of a new molecular subtype (HTLV-2c) that was soon also described in urban areas outside of the ARB [6, 33, 50, 51, 116] . Molecular epidemiology of human T-lymphotropic virus type II infection in Amerindian and urban populations of the Amazon region of Brazil doi = 10.1186/s12977-020-0512-z id = cord-261228-o80y5cic author = Jorge, D. C. P. title = Assessing the nationwide impact of COVID-19 mitigation policies on the transmission rate of SARS-CoV-2 in Brazil date = 2020-06-28 keywords = Brazil; COVID-19; state summary = In this work we analyzed the effects of 547 published governmental interventions, and population adherence thereof, on the dynamics of COVID-19 cases across all 27 Brazilian states, with emphasis on state capitals and remaining inland cities. In this work, we comparatively analyze the evolution of the COVID-19 transmission rate and reproductive number in all 27 Brazilian states, with emphasis on state capitals and remaining inland cities, establishing links with measures of governmental restrictions (NPIs) implemented in each region together with the human behaviour response, particularly the adherence to recommendations of social distancing. In this work we evaluated the effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions and social mobility reduction patterns on the spread dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 throughout the 27 Brazilian states, by employing an underlying SEIR model to estimate TRs. Our results show that the measures adopted, combined with the population adherence to restrict circulation, contributed to the decrease of the TR in almost all states, an effect that was perceived in both capitals and inland cities. doi = 10.1101/2020.06.26.20140780 id = cord-000566-271vldil author = Lacerda, Marcus VG title = Understanding the clinical spectrum of complicated Plasmodium vivax malaria: a systematic review on the contributions of the Brazilian literature date = 2012-01-09 keywords = Amazon; Brazil; Plasmodium; brazilian; malaria; vivax summary = A systematic review of the Brazilian indexed and non-indexed literature on complicated cases of vivax malaria was performed including published articles, masters'' dissertations, doctoral theses and national congresses'' abstracts. In the Amazon, HIV prevalence is estimated to be~1% (unpublished data), which makes opportunistic diseases less prone to impact on severe clinical complications of vivax malaria, as is the case for falciparum malaria in Africa. Despite not being frequent in Brazil, Plasmodium malariae is found in some scattered areas [120] , and as a potential cause of glomerulonephritis [121] , this parasite should be ruled out by molecular biology tools whenever acute renal failure is detected in a malarial patient with vivax infection, due to similarities of these two species at routine optical microscopy. Malaria and sickle cell anemia: report of complications and clinical management of three patients in a highly endemic area for Plasmodium vivax malaria in the Brazilian Amazon Severe malaria in patient with Plasmodium vivax infection: a case report doi = 10.1186/1475-2875-11-12 id = cord-025998-1qawjquv author = Lara, R.J. title = Aquatic Ecosystems, Human Health, and Ecohydrology date = 2012-03-23 keywords = Africa; Asia; Brazil; Dam; River; Vibrio; cholera; disease; figure; human; increase; water summary = The effects of increasing water use and scarcity on human health are discussed considering historical and contemporary incidence of diarrheal diseases in European and South Asian megacities, relationships between dams and on waterborne diseases in Asia and Africa, and intensive agriand aquaculture resulting in man-made ecotones, fragmented aquatic ecosystems, and pathogen mutations. It is emphasized that the comprehension of the multiple interactions among changes in environmental settings, land use, and human health requires a new synthesis of ecohydrology, biomedical sciences, and water management for surveillance and control of waterborne diseases in basin-based, transboundary health systems. • natural biological cycles in which humans can act as hosts of pathogenic microorganisms (protozoans, bacteria, etc.); • consequences of the management of aquatic resources (e.g., wetlands drainage or creation, aquaculture, and dam construction); • effects of water pollution (chemical, microbiological, radio active, and thermal) on man and on the physiology of individual organisms; and • the impact of global changes affecting climate and hydrolo gical cycles (e.g., habitat degradation, warming, increased rainfall, and storms). doi = 10.1016/b978-0-12-374711-2.01015-9 id = cord-295554-0pzjyrdf author = Lima, Francisco Esmaile de Sales title = Detection of Alphacoronavirus in velvety free-tailed bats (Molossus molossus) and Brazilian free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) from urban area of Southern Brazil date = 2013-03-16 keywords = Brazil; bat summary = A variety of other coronaviruses have been detected in many bat species from Asia, including specimens of the genus Rhinolophus, which were found to be infected with SARS-like CoV. In view of the potential role that bats may play in the transmission of new viral infections to humans and other species, this study was set up in search for coronavirus genomes in bats from the urban area of Porto Alegre (30°01 0 59 00 S; 51°13 0 48 00 W), a town with about 1.5 million inhabitants and capital of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. In our study, we detected RdRp sequences of bat CoV at a frequency of 19.33 % in the examined samples; such frequency is comparable to previous results obtained in similar studies from different bat species in other countries (ranging figure) . doi = 10.1007/s11262-013-0899-x id = cord-284883-bkydu285 author = Luis Silva, L. title = Brazil Health Care System preparation against COVID-19 date = 2020-05-13 keywords = Brazil; Health; ICU; covid-19 summary = The historic challenges regarding an insufficient number of health professionals, iniquities in the distribution of human resources (10) , low accessibility to emergency care services (11) , and economic issues create additional pressures to be addressed, aiming is to achieve an adequate COVID-19 response. Taking this point into consideration the present work addresses critical aspects regarding the organization of the emergency network system in Brazil, jointly with the spatial expansion of COVID-19 cases within the country, and to highlight where the efforts currently performed in Brazil were capable of coping with the lack of access to emergency care needed to cope COVID-19 consequences. The result suggests that the use of scarce resources needed to put in order ICU beds are not being directed to municipalities lacking access to emergency care services, despite their high levels of COVID-19 incidence. doi = 10.1101/2020.05.09.20096719 id = cord-345238-p841weif author = Magalhaes, Tereza title = The Endless Challenges of Arboviral Diseases in Brazil date = 2020-05-09 keywords = Brazil; ZIKV summary = In this Editorial, we list and discuss some of the main challenges faced by the population and public health authorities in Brazil concerning arbovirus infections, including the occurrence of concurrent epidemics like the ongoing SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic. Other studies suggest that the atypically low dengue incidence observed after the Zika epidemics in Brazil and other Latin American countries was due, in part, to short-term DENV protection from ZIKV infections [7, 8] . Escalating the problem of arboviral disease surveillance and management, concurrent outbreaks/epidemics of arboviruses and non-arthropod-borne pathogens can further complicate clinical diagnosis and completely overwhelm/saturate the health care system, as we may be seeing now with the pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Lastly, concurrent epidemics like the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 or other respiratory pathogens/illnesses can overwhelm health care systems and further complicate clinical-epidemiological diagnoses. doi = 10.3390/tropicalmed5020075 id = cord-340942-oatf59k0 author = Magalhães, Jurandy Júnior Ferraz de title = Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the first 557 successive patients with COVID-19 in Pernambuco state, Northeast Brazil date = 2020-09-21 keywords = Brazil; SARS; covid-19 summary = METHODS: In this retrospective study, we describe the demographics, epidemiology and clinical features of the first 557 consecutive patients positive for SARS-CoV-2 living in Pernambuco state, Northeast Brazil. Here, we describe for the first time the clinical, epidemiological and demographic features of the first 557 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases in Pernambuco state, Northeast Brazil, who were diagnosed between March 12 and April 22, 2020. Patient epidemiological information, demographic and clinical characteristics, including medical history, signs and symptoms, laboratory findings, underlying co-morbidities, and date of disease onset were obtained from electronic medical records of the Pernambuco Central Public Health Laboratory (LACEN) and analyzed. Regarding the distribution of COVID-19 cases in the different household income ranges (Fig. 1B) , we found that SARS-CoV-2 infections occurred in neighborhoods with greater purchasing power. Here, we described for the first time the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the first 557 consecutive patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 in the state of Pernambuco between 12 March and April 22, 2020. doi = 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101884 id = cord-316993-mv577rok author = Marra, V. title = An estimate of the COVID-19 infection fatality rate in Brazil based on a seroprevalence survey date = 2020-08-21 keywords = Brazil; IFR summary = title: An estimate of the COVID-19 infection fatality rate in Brazil based on a seroprevalence survey We infer the infection fatality rate (IFR) of SARS-CoV-2 in Brazil by combining three datasets. In order to estimate the IFR one needs not only an estimate of the number of deaths, but also of the total infected population, and then to compare both within the same time period. After adjusting for demography and under-ascertainment Verity et 15 On the other hand, a report by the group at Imperial College London estimated much higher values for the 16 Brazilian states they considered, 16 which, combined, suggest an overall IFR of 0.9%. The SIVEP-Gripe dataset contains the dates of symptoms onset and death for patients with SARS-CoV-2 positive RT-PCR test, together with their geographic location, which allow us to estimate the time delay τ sd between the development of symptoms and subsequent fatality. Estimation of SARS-CoV-2 infection fatality rate by real-time antibody screening of blood donors doi = 10.1101/2020.08.18.20177626 id = cord-307089-344rhiw0 author = Marson, Fernando Augusto Lima title = Covid-19 in Brazil date = 2020-04-27 keywords = Brazil; COVID-19 summary = Italy showed a lower testing capacity than China and other countries such as Germany during the first weeks of COVID-19 pandemic, but the capacity to perform real-time PCR has improved, giving better epidemiologic data of less severe cases and asymptomatic individuals carrying the coronavirus in the population. (i) Brazil has many risk groups as described by World Health Organization (WHO) like those older than 60 years and with prognostic comorbidity, which may occur when diseases predispose the patient to (ii) Brazil is a continental country with a population that is different in each region based on social behavior, genetics (each region has a different level of ancestral contribution of African, Caucasians and Indigenous genomes) and economic backgrounds raising the need for different medical and social managements in each area. doi = 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2020.04.008 id = cord-268693-td6kvmlq author = Martins, Leila Droprinchinski title = How socio-economic and atmospheric variables impact COVID-19 and Influenza outbreaks in tropical and subtropical regions of Brazil date = 2020-09-16 keywords = Brazil; COVID-19; Influenza summary = COVID-19 and Influenza are both respiratory viruses and, in this study, we explore the relations of COVID-19 and Influenza with atmospheric variables and socio-economic conditions for tropical and subtropical climates in Brazil. Atmospheric variables, mobility, socio-economic conditions and population information were analyzed using a generalized additive model for daily COVID-19 cases from March 1(st) to May 15(th), 2020, and for daily Influenza hospitalizations (2017-2019) in Brazilian states representing tropical and subtropical climates. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the associations of COVID-19 cases and the number of hospital admissions by Influenza with atmospheric variables, social distancing and socio-economic conditions for different climate regions in Brazil. The socio-economic conditions also show wide variations inside the country; thus, it is a perfect J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f area to study the influence of these factors on the dissemination of COVID-19 and Influenza, two respiratory viruses with similarities in the modes of transmission. doi = 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110184 id = cord-355049-mf0lgrlp author = Martins-Filho, Paulo Ricardo title = No evidence supports the use of ether and chloroform inhalation for treating COVID-19 date = 2020-03-24 keywords = Brazil summary = Since the first confirmed case in Brazil, fake news about the effectiveness of an ether and chloroform blend known as "lança perfume" or "loló" were spread on social media. Related searches for coronavirus revealed a high level of interest (a breakout over 5000%) on the information about the use of an ether and chloroform blend in treating COVID-19, especially in the North and Northeast regions which are recognized as the poorest regions in the country. Unfortunately, fake news and misinformation on social media can lead people to make harmful health decisions. It is important to check health information related to COVID-19 from reliable news sources and expert guidance from health authorities and international health organizations, rather than from shared stories in social media. Furthermore, there is no evidence supporting claims that ether and chloroform inhalation is useful in the treatment of COVID-19. doi = 10.26633/rpsp.2020.41 id = cord-256553-iw5squ6n author = Neiva, Mariane Barros title = Brazil: the emerging epicenter of COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-10-21 keywords = Brazil; COVID-19; case summary = RESULTS: Results show that while other countries have flattened their curves and present low numbers of active cases, Brazil continues to see an increase in COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSIONS: All analyses show that Brazil is not ready for reopening, and the premature easing of restrictions may increase the number of COVID-19-related deaths and cause the collapse of the public health system. However, one can see that Brazil and the United States, the second and first countries, respectively, in the number of confirmed cases, do not follow the same patterns in the new cases/deaths and active case graphs, as shown in Figures 1g and 1h . This is because São Paulo is the industrial center FIGURE 3: Besides the high number of cases in Brazil, the country is known for its lower testing rate. doi = 10.1590/0037-8682-0550-2020 id = cord-127293-mujyq3kk author = Neto, Osmar Pinto title = Mathematical model of COVID-19 intervention scenarios for Sao Paulo- Brazil date = 2020-05-18 keywords = Brazil; Paulo summary = Our results suggest the best-case strategy for Sao Paulo is to maintain or increase the current magnitude of social distancing for at least 60 more days and increase the current levels of personal protection behaviors by a minimum of 10% (e.g., wearing facemasks, proper hand hygiene and avoid agglomeration). Several factors may lead to differences in intervention strategies on COVID-19 infection and death rates for São Paulo, Brazil compared to other states and countries. Therefore, the purpose of the current investigation is to model COVID-19 SD intervention strategies on transmission dynamics in São Paulo, Brazil and to determine best-case scenarios. Currently, Brazil has the highest rate of transmission in the world with an estimated R0 of 2.81 6 , indicating that it has yet to contain the first peak in infections and associated deaths due to the COVID-19 pandemic. doi = nan id = cord-270519-orh8fd1c author = Oliveira, A. C. S. d. title = Bayesian modeling of COVID-19 cases with a correction to account for under-reported cases date = 2020-05-25 keywords = Brazil; COVID-19; SIR summary = To address these issues, we introduce a Bayesian approach to the SIR model with correction for under-reporting in the analysis of COVID-19 cases in Brazil. The proposed model was enforced to obtain estimates of important quantities such as the reproductive rate and the average infection period, along with the more likely date when the pandemic peak may occur. Focusing on the modeling and estimating, aiming to preview the behavior and the speed of the COVID-19 growth, this paper presents an approach to address the problem of under-registration of COVID-19 cases in Brazil, proposing methodologies to work on the inaccuracy of the official reported cases. The model was estimated considering COVID-19 data in Brazil, assuming a reporting rate between 0.05 and 1.00, varying every 0.05. The simulation study revealed that the parameters estimates from the SIR model and the peak estimate which is a concern of several researchers and health authorities are sensitive to reporting rates. doi = 10.1101/2020.05.24.20112029 id = cord-011411-hufxjf5p author = Oliveira, Thalita Evani Silva title = Mycoplasma bovis and viral agents associated with the development of bovine respiratory disease in adult dairy cows date = 2019-06-24 keywords = BRD; BVDV; Brazil summary = Most of these investigations used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and identified infectious agents of BRD such as Histophilus somni (Headley, Alfieri, Oliveira, Beuttemmuller, & Alfieri, 2014; Headley et al., 2018) , bovine alphaherpesvirus type 1, BoHV-1 (Suarez Heinlein et al., 1993) , bovine respiratory syncytial virus, BRSV (Arns et al., 2003; Headley et al., 2017) , bovine viral diarrhea virus, BVDV (Cortez et al., 2006; Flores, Ridpath, Weiblen, Vogel, & Gil, 2002; Otonel et al., 2014; Silveira et al., 2017) , bovine coronavirus, BCoV (Headley et al., 2018) , Pasteurella multocida Headley et al., 2018) , Mannheimia haemolytica Headley et al., 2018) and Mycoplasma bovis (Tortorelli et al., 2017) . Furthermore, studies done in Brazil using serology identified seropositivity to infectious disease agents including BoHV-1 (Barbosa, Brito, & Alfaia, 2005; Fernandes, Pimenta, Pituco, Brasil, & Azevedo, 2016) , bovine parainfluenza virus type 3, BPIV-3 (Gonçalves et al., 2003) , BRSV (Driemeier et al., 1997) , and BVDV (Flores et al., 2005; Wageck Canal, Strasser, Hertig, Masuda, & Peterhans, 1998) and doi = 10.1111/tbed.13223 id = cord-329469-vbk42y1l author = Palamim, Camila Vantini Capasso title = COVID-19 in the Indigenous Population of Brazil date = 2020-10-06 keywords = Brazil; indigenous summary = The number of cases is underestimated, according to the Special Secretariat for Indigenous Health (SESAI) database, since the deaths are due to respiratory failure, possibly caused by COVID-19, but not confirmed. Later, it was noticed that both, Indigenous and doctor, were responsible for COVID-19''s transmission to 43 other Indigenous individuals (30 in Alto Rio Solimões and 13 in Parintis), causing possibly other confirmed deaths. In Brazil, a total of 630,708 cases with 34,625 deaths were described, which occurred in all Brazilian states and Federal District. Presently, respiratory diseases cause approximately one-third of Indigenous deaths in Brazil, which can be a complicating factor during the COVID-19 pandemic. In Brazil, the Indigenous community fears the COVID-19 pandemic [8] , and although containment measures have been taken, it was not possible to prevent the contagion of the Indigenous population. In conclusion, our data reveal the importance of social isolation, especially for Indigenous population that were described as vulnerable and at-risk for COVID-19, highlighted by the identification of community infection. doi = 10.1007/s40615-020-00885-6 id = cord-261311-j6bmgmhz author = Parreiras Martins, Maria Auxiliadora title = Preparedness of pharmacists to respond to the emergency of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: a comprehensive overview date = 2020-07-31 keywords = Brazil; COVID-19; drug; patient summary = COVID-19 patients may present high risk in the use of medications and clinical pharmacists can contribute substantially as part of a multidisciplinary team to improve outcomes in drug therapy in severe and critical illness. The course of an intense inflammatory process leads to alterations in many Review of patients'' medical history Provision of real-time assessment and evidence-based (when possible) advice on drug therapy Support on safe use of medications brought from home Medication reconciliation at different levels of transition of care Simplification of drug administration schedule to reduce the exposure of nurses to COVID-19 patients Monitoring of potential drug-drug, drug-food interactions and adverse drug reactions Adjustments in dosing regimens according to liver and kidney functions Prevention of medication errors Optimization of drug therapy and electrolytes to minimize the risk of prolonged corrected QT intervals and torsade de pointes Support on lung-protective ventilation and neuromuscular blocking agents to facilitate ventilator synchrony Provision of conservative fluid strategies and monitoring of vasopressors use Monitoring of empirical antibiotics for suspected bacterial co-infection with rigorous de-escalation Employment of FASTHUG-MAIDENS mnemonic to identify drug-related problems in intensive care units Support on drug information to patients and multidisciplinary teams, following biosafety protocols Considerations on special situations (pediatrics, older adults, people with chronic diseases, allergies) Research and continuing education Precise documentation of pharmaceutical interventions laboratory tests in patients with acute or severe/critical illness. doi = 10.1007/s40267-020-00761-7 id = cord-329536-3xsncmyi author = Passos, Lígia title = Impact on Mental Health Due to COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Study in Portugal and Brazil date = 2020-09-17 keywords = Brazil; GAD-7; Portugal; covid-19 summary = This study aimed to describe the mental health status of the general adult population in Portugal and Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic and analyze the differences between the two countries. Socio-demographic and other factors: variables assessed included age, gender, country of residence (Portugal or Brazil), marital status, educational level, employment status, social isolation self-label, duration of social isolation, living arrangements during social isolation, diagnosis of COVID-19, alcohol consumption and alcohol addiction measured by the presence of two or more positive answers to the four-item CAGE (acronym cut-annoyed-guilty-eye) Questionnaire [33, 34] translated and validated for the Portuguese language [35] . To the extent of the authors'' knowledge, the present study is the first to analyze the mental health status of the general adult population in Portugal and Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic. doi = 10.3390/ijerph17186794 id = cord-351430-bpv7p7zo author = Pequeno, Pedro title = Air transportation, population density and temperature predict the spread of COVID-19 in Brazil date = 2020-06-03 keywords = Brazil; COVID-19; SARS; number summary = Further, we considered the following predictors: (1) time in days, to account for the exponential growth in case numbers during this period (Fig. 2) ; (2) number of arriving flights in the city''s metropolitan area in 2020, as airline connections can facilitate the spread of the virus (Ribeiro et al., 2020) ; (3) city population density, to account for facilitation of transmission under higher densities (Poole, 2020) ; (4) proportion of elderly people (≥60 years old) in the population, assuming that the elderly may be more likely to show severe symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 and, thus, to be diagnosed with COVID-19; (5) citizen mean income, which may affect the likelihood of people being infected by the virus, for example, due to limited access to basic sanitation or limited social isolation capabilities; (6) and the following meteorological variables: mean daily temperature ( C), mean daily solar radiation (kJ/m 2 ), mean daily relative humidity (%) and mean daily precipitation (mm). doi = 10.7717/peerj.9322 id = cord-032786-ps2mtin4 author = Py, Fábio title = Bolsonaro’s Brazilian Christofascism during the Easter period plagued by Covid-19 date = 2020-09-28 keywords = Bolsonaro; Brazil; Easter; God; christian summary = Thus, precisely in the period of the celebration of the death and resurrection of the Christian Messiah, we sought to connect Bolsonaro with the figure of Jesus, placing him as the country''s savior in the posts on his social networks. The political operation of religious use further legitimizes authoritarianism in Brazil, here addressed as "Brazilian Christofascism." The fact constitutes itself as Bolsonarism (Almeida 2019) fabricates an endless "war of the gods" as a strategy to shape a theology of power sustained in the memory of the colonizing European Christ (Dussel 2012) . The scene was woven (Rancière 2012 ) in a video, with a little more than 4 min on the YouTube channel of the Getsemani Baptist Church (Igreja Batista Getsêmani 2020), by the title "Outcry and fast for Brazil -April 5th -summoning of the president Jair Messias Bolsonaro" to call the population to #JejumpeloBrasil, scheduled for April 5, 2020, and posted on the presidential Instagram (Bolsonaro 2020a) . doi = 10.1007/s41603-020-00120-4 id = cord-035347-adzkwzz2 author = Quintans-Júnior, Lucindo José title = Brazil’s research budget: endless setbacks date = 2020-09-21 keywords = Brazil summary = Recently, the Brazilian government presented its draft 2021 budget bill (PLOA) to congress, which includes proposals for science funding for 2021. A closer analysis of the data reveals a 29 % budget reduction for universities and higher education between 2015 and 2021 (R$ 13.5 billion to R $ 9.6 billion) (PLOA, 2021; Angelo, 2017) and an unacceptable 41 % cut in research funding from 2015 to 2019. Figure 1 shows a clear gap between forecast budgets and what was actually spent on funding Brazilian science, all against a background of the demagogic rhetoric of populism of the current government (2020 consider the 2015-2019 average execution of forecasting). This was a fund created to finance Brazilian science and innovation, but the data clearly shows any increasing gap between the funds theoretically available (budget), and those actually spent (executed) on projects for the development of science in Brazil. doi = 10.17179/excli2020-2887 id = cord-341212-dk6ioi15 author = Ribeiro, Andre Luis Ribeiro title = Besides the climate model, other variables driving the COVID-19 spread in Brazil() date = 2020-06-15 keywords = Brazil summary = The study model and data analysis are well-performed, and although the authors found that temperature and relativity humidity influenced the COVID-19 dissemination, other well-known and important variables, such as social distancing, population testing, hand wash (Giordano et al., 2020) and rational use of face mask were not part of their study model (Feng et al., 2020) . This dispute was taken to the Supreme Court, which reinforced the authority of cities and states to define local measures of social distancing, quarantine, prohibition of activities and definition of essential services (Federal, 2020) . Since the cases started to spread in these cities, uncoordinated measures of social distancing were gradually implemented across the country, in despite of the divergences between the president and governors (Wikipedia, 2020a) , (Wikipedia, 2020b) . Evidence that high temperatures and intermediate relative humidity might favor the spread of COVID-19 in tropical climate: A case study for the most affected Brazilian cities doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140211 id = cord-337421-4v48kkus author = Ribeiro, Servio Pontes title = Severe airport sanitarian control could slow down the spreading of COVID-19 pandemics in Brazil date = 2020-03-27 keywords = Brazil; SARS summary = After the confirmation of the first imported cases, the 5 lack of a proper airport entrance control resulted in the infection spreading in a manner 6 directly proportional to the amount of flights reaching each city, following first 7 occurrence of the virus coming from abroad. After the confirmation of the first imported cases, the 5 lack of a proper airport entrance control resulted in the infection spreading in a manner 6 directly proportional to the amount of flights reaching each city, following first 7 occurrence of the virus coming from abroad. We developed a SIR (Susceptible-Infected-Recovered) model divided in 9 a metapopulation structure, where cities with airports were demes connected by the 10 number of flights. 142 143 Results 144 The expansion of the SARS-CoV-2 virus between cities was fast, directly proportional to 145 the airport closeness centrality within the Brazilian air transportation network. doi = 10.1101/2020.03.26.20044370 id = cord-011669-hkkpw2bl author = Rodríguez-Sánchez, Diego Noé title = Lissencephaly in Shih Tzu dogs date = 2020-06-20 keywords = Brazil; MRI; Tzu; dog summary = Here, we characterize the first cases of lissencephaly in four Shih Tzu dogs, including clinical presentations and findings of magnetic resonance imaging of lissencephaly and several concomitant brain malformations. CASE PRESENTATION: Early-onset acute signs of forebrain abnormalities were observed in all dogs, which were mainly cluster seizures and behavioral alterations. CONCLUSIONS: Lissencephaly should be considered an important differential diagnosis in Shih Tzu dogs presenting with early-onset signs of forebrain abnormalities, including cluster seizures and behavioral alterations. Clinical findings and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of lissencephaly in Shih Tzu dogs have not been reported previously, and reports of concomitant brain malformations are scarce. Magnetic resonance imaging in dogs with lissencephaly showed thickened cortical gray matter with smooth appearance, an abnormally small internal capsule, and absence of the major gyri and sulci when compared with healthy Shih Tzu dogs (Additional file 2). doi = 10.1186/s13028-020-00528-0 id = cord-343183-5jlnw6e0 author = Sato, Ana Paula Sayuri title = Pandemic and vaccine coverage: challenges of returning to schools date = 2020-11-05 keywords = Brazil; covid-19; vaccination summary = In Brazil, administrative data indicate the impact of the covid-19 pandemic on this downward trend, which was already an important challenge of the National Immunization Program in recent years. In 2020, due to the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), face-to-face attendance in health services dropped dramatically in many countries; this included child vaccination, given the measures of social distancing to mitigate viral transmission [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] . The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that at least 80 million children will be susceptible to immunopreventable diseases such as measles, diphtheria and polio because of the decrease in vaccination coverage during the covid-19 pandemic 29 . The pandemic of the new coronavirus has challenged health systems around the world in providing essential services, including immunization programs, as routine vaccination and mass vaccination campaigns could contribute to the spread of covid-19 32 . doi = 10.11606/s1518-8787.2020054003142 id = cord-199107-01w8fk5f author = Savi, Pedro V. title = A Mathematical Description of the Dynamics of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A Case Study of Brazil date = 2020-04-07 keywords = Brazil; China summary = As an initial step of the developed analysis, a model verification is carried out using information available on Worldometer (https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/), considering different countries (Last updates: China -March 26, Italy -Mar 21; Iran -Mar 26; Brazil -Mar 24). Italian case is now in focus considering parameters presented in Table 4 with a population of N = 60.48106 and an initial state with 20 infected persons ( 0 = 20). Iran case is now treated considering the parameters presented in Table 5 with a population of N = 81.16106 and an initial state with 20 infected persons ( 0 = 20). Brazilian case is now of concern considering parameters presented in Table 6 with a population of N = 209.3106 and an initial state with 10 infected person ( 0 = 10). doi = nan id = cord-221717-h1h2vd3r author = Scabini, Leonardo F. S. title = Social Interaction Layers in Complex Networks for the Dynamical Epidemic Modeling of COVID-19 in Brazil date = 2020-05-16 keywords = Brazil; ICU; brazilian; case summary = Therefore this study presents a new approach to model the COVID-19 epidemic using a multi-layer complex network, where nodes represent people, edges are social contacts, and layers represent different social activities. The SIR model on networks works as follows: each node represents a person and, the elements are connected according to some criteria and the epidemic propagation happens through an agent-based approach. At the end of the evolution of a SIR model applied to a network, the number of nodes in each SIR category (susceptible, infected and recovered) can be calculated for each unit of time evaluated and then compare these data with real information, for example, the hospital capabilities of the health system. Unlike the traditional SIR model, which consists of a single β term to describe the probability of infection, here we propose a dynamic strategy to better represent the real world and the new COVID-19 disease. doi = nan id = cord-176540-48mapwlq author = Schulz, Rodrigo A. title = COVID-19: A model for studying the evolution of contamination in Brazil date = 2020-03-31 keywords = Brazil; population summary = The present work explores the building of a variation of the SIR model in order to cover relevant conditions present in the Brazilian context, such as: 1) daily mortality and daily birth rates (which change, over time, the population) and 2) the gradual reduction of the population susceptible to the disease in fuction of social distancing measures. And in respect to III, it is assumed that, with the evolution of the epidemic, people will begin to isolate themselves socially, whether by individual will or governmental determination, so that the susceptible population is also reduced due to this factor [8] . To correct the problematic points in assertions I, II and III, one can add terms in the equations (1), (2) and (3) in order to operate them according to the logic of a growing susceptible population, where there are reductions resulting from deaths and from social isolation processes, as well as an increase in the number of susceptible people due to the birth rate. doi = nan id = cord-103179-naynznc1 author = Simon, L. M. title = Are temperature suitability and socioeconomic factors reliable predictors of dengue transmission in Brazil? date = 2020-11-04 keywords = Brazil; November; dengue summary = Methodology/Principal findings Here we gathered essential socioeconomic factors comprising demography, infrastructure, and urbanization over 5570 municipalities across Brazil and evaluated their relative effect on dengue prevalence jointly with a previously predicted temperature suitability for transmission. Here we gathered essential socioeconomic factors comprising demography, 25 infrastructure, and urbanization over 5570 municipalities across Brazil and evaluated 26 their relative effect on dengue prevalence jointly with a previously predicted 27 temperature suitability for transmission. Our study indicates that sanitation, urbanization, and GDP are 39 regional indicators that should be considered along with temperature suitability for 40 dengue transmission, setting a good starting point to effective vector-borne disease 41 control. For each Brazilian municipality, we likewise gathered important socio-economic 168 predictors to the distribution and prevalence of mosquito-borne diseases (see Table A 169 in S1 Appendix), which were: human population density, urbanization, population size, is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprint doi = 10.1101/2020.11.02.20224444 id = cord-335578-u8b66oos author = Simões e Silva, Ana Cristina title = Coronavirus Disease Pandemic Is a Real Challenge for Brazil date = 2020-06-05 keywords = Brazil; COVID-19 summary = Approximately 56 days after the first case reported in China, on February 26, Brazil officially registered its first patient with COVID-19: a 61-year-old man living in São Paulo who had recently returned from a trip to Italy. Twenty days after the first reported case (March 17, 2020), Brazil registered the first death by COVID-19 in a 62-year-old man with diabetes and heart disease (8). In this regard, another critical aspect is the difference in population adherence to social isolation measures in the different cities and states of the country (14) . The Brazilian scientific community and healthcare workers are working hard to provide support for political health measures to address COVID-19 (15, 16) . COVID-19 in Brazil: advantages of a socialized unified health system and preparation to contain cases Datadriven study of the COVID-19 pandemic via age-structured modelling and prediction of the health system failure in Brazil amid diverse intervention-strategies. doi = 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00268 id = cord-214822-pfx1eh5b author = Sotolongo-Costa, Oscar title = A fractal viewpoint to COVID-19 infection date = 2020-07-14 keywords = Brazil; time summary = The temporal evolution of contagion over different countries and worldwide brings up a common dynamic characteristic, in particular, its fast rise to reach a maximum followed by a slow decrease (incidentally, very similar to other epidemic processes) suggesting some kind of relaxation process, which we try to deal with, since relaxation is, essentially, a process where the parameters characterizing a system are altered, followed by a tendency to equilibrium values. In this case there is, apart from the change of propagation and development conditions, the possibility for a given country that does not satisfies condition (8), to reach "herd immunity", i.e., when the number of contagions has reached about 60% of population, in which case we may calculate the time to reach such state using (4), assuming t 0 = 0: In Table I we present the relevant fitting parameters, including herd immunity time, T hi and T 1000 , the time to reach a rate of 1000 infections daily. doi = nan id = cord-102490-yvcrv94c author = Souza, Jonatas S. de title = The General Law Principles for Protection the Personal Data and their Importance date = 2020-09-29 keywords = Brazil; LGPD; Law; datum summary = The purpose of this paper is to emphasize the principles of the General Law on Personal Data Protection, informing real cases of leakage of personal data and thus obtaining an understanding of the importance of gains that meet the interests of Internet users on the subject and its benefits to the entire Brazilian society. On April 23rd, 2014, Law No. 12,965, now known as Marco Civil da Internet [1] , was approved, establishing principles, guarantees, rights, and duties for the use of the Internet in Brazil, and has the guarantee of privacy and protection of personal data, and will only make such data available through a court order. Dispõe sobre a proteção de dados pessoais e altera a Lei nº 12.965, de 23 de abril de 2014 (Marco Civil da Internet) doi = 10.5121/csit.2020.101110 id = cord-281603-3308f8hm author = Souza, William Marciel de title = Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the early phase of the COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil date = 2020-04-29 keywords = Brazil; COVID-19; case summary = Methods: Individual-level and aggregated COVID-19 data were analysed to investigate demographic profiles, socioeconomic drivers and age-sex structure of COVID-19 tested cases. We report the epidemiological, demographic, and clinical findings for confirmed COVID-19 cases during the first month of the epidemic in Brazil. We report the epidemiological, demographic, and clinical findings for confirmed COVID-19 cases during the first month of the epidemic in Brazil. Individual-level and aggregated COVID-19 data were analysed to investigate demographic profiles, socioeconomic drivers and age-sex structure of COVID-19 tested cases. To investigate individual-level diagnostic, demographic, self-reported travel history, place of residence and likely place of infection, differential diagnosis for other respiratory pathogens, as well as clinical details, including comorbidities, we collected case data notified to the REDCap database 8 from February 25 to March 25, 2020. We showed that during the first month of COVID-19 in Brazil, only 33·1% of the reported confirmed cases were conducted in public health laboratories. doi = 10.1101/2020.04.25.20077396 id = cord-315624-57kzulqv author = Storopoli, Jose title = Confidence in social institutions, perceived vulnerability and the adoption of recommended protective behaviors in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-10-27 keywords = Brazil; COVID-19; behavior; confidence summary = title: Confidence in social institutions, perceived vulnerability and the adoption of recommended protective behaviors in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic Our results, drawn from 7,554 respondents, indicate that self-confidence in the ability to carry out these behaviors, confidence in the ability of social institutions such as the government, hospitals, health workers and the media to cope with the pandemic crisis, and risk perceptions are associated with the adoption of preventive behaviors. For this reason, Brazil is a perfect case for our study, which investigates the role of confidence in social institutions and perceived vulnerability and efficacy in the adoption of recommended protective behaviors. In doing this, we rely on recreancy theory, which argues that confidence in the ability of social institutions and perceived vulnerability to the disease are central factors predicting the J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f adoption of protective behaviors (Freudenburg, 2001; Sapp and Downing-Matibag, 2009 ). doi = 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113477 id = cord-333487-zem2d4y6 author = Thomaz Ugliara Barone, Mark title = The Impact of COVID-19 on People with Diabetes in Brazil date = 2020-07-03 keywords = Brazil; COVID-19; SARS; diabetes summary = Methods In a convenience sampling study, data were collected from 1701 individuals, aged 18 or above; 75.54% female participants; 60.73% T1D and 30.75% T2D, between April 22nd and May 4th, using an anonymous and untraceable survey containing 20 multiple choice questions (socio-demographic; health status and habits of life during COVID-19 pandemic). Conclusions This study provides a firsthand revelation of the severity of COVID-19 on individuals with diabetes in Brazil, altering their habits, which impacted their glycemia, potentially increasing their risk of poor outcomes if infected by SARS-CoV-2. This also harmed adjustments to continue the proper follow-up and management of other diseases, including both communicable and NCDs. For these reasons, the present study aims to investigate challenges encountered by people living with diabetes in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic. doi = 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108304 id = cord-342734-37xduboo author = Thomé, Beatriz C. title = Ethical Considerations for Restrictive and Physical Distancing Measures in Brazil During COVID-19: Facilitators and Barriers date = 2020-11-09 keywords = Brazil; covid-19; measure summary = Nine days later in Brazil, community transmission was deemed ongoing, and following what was already being put in place in various affected countries, restrictive and physical distancing measures that varied in severity across the different states were adopted. We have witnessed a political polarization of COVID-19 response and a lack of clear federal public health measures to tackle the pandemic, undermining the potential positive effects of a harmonized response. Improving testing capacity, coupled with ensuring adequate care for COVID-19 patients, would potentially facilitate the assessment of the pandemic impact in the various communities and redirect public health measures accordingly. Each country will have its own challenges and social and cultural specificities when implementing public health measures to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. All efforts should be put in place so that the population is well informed during the COVID-19 pandemic and understands the reasons behind physical isolation along with other strategies and feels supported and included in the response. doi = 10.1007/s11673-020-10023-w id = cord-286130-4f7otdx1 author = Xavier, Joilson title = The ongoing COVID-19 epidemic in Minas Gerais, Brazil: insights from epidemiological data and SARS-CoV-2 whole genome sequencing date = 2020-08-11 keywords = Brazil; SARS summary = title: The ongoing COVID-19 epidemic in Minas Gerais, Brazil: insights from epidemiological data and SARS-CoV-2 whole genome sequencing To better understand the recent epidemic in the second most populous state in southeast Brazil Minas Gerais (MG) we sequenced 40 complete SARS-CoV-2 genomes from MG cases and examined epidemiological data from three Brazilian states. Initial phylogenetic analysis using the first two SARS-CoV-2 complete genomes isolated in São Paulo from travellers returning from Italy revealed two independent introductions into the country relative to the data set available at that time [13] . Herein, we present a summary of epidemiological data and the generation and analysis of 40 new SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences isolated from clinical samples of confirmed cases from MG. doi = 10.1080/22221751.2020.1803146 id = cord-351885-hjw1940x author = Zhang, S. X. title = First study on mental distress in Brazil during the COVID-19 crisis date = 2020-04-23 keywords = Brazil; COVID-19 summary = Methods: We conducted a primary survey of 638 adults in Brazil on March 25-28, 2020, about one month (32 days) after the first COVID-19 case in South America was confirmed in Sao Paulo. Building from early research evidence on mental health in China and Iran, where the COVID-19 outbreak occurred earlier, 7, 8, 11 we explore several predictors of distress during the COVID-19 crisis in Brazil. We assessed the participants'' socio-demographic characteristics, including gender, age, educational level, the number of children under 18 years old, geographic location, whether they were COVID-19 positive, their exercise hours per day during the past week, and their workplace attendance. The distance from the epicenter is emerging as an interesting predictor of mental health in the crisis literature, and this study found the distance effect depended on individuals'' age and workplace attendance. We found gender, age, education, exercise, and distance from the epicenter all predicted distress in adults in Brazil during the COVID-19 crisis. doi = 10.1101/2020.04.18.20070896 id = cord-312555-qytl2vqt author = da Silva, Josivan Soares title = Use of game fauna by Fulni-ô people in Northeastern Brazil: implications for conservation date = 2020-04-17 keywords = Brazil; Fulni; Ouricuri; hunting; specie summary = Also, the use of game meat among the Fulni-ô seems to be actively directed to the preferred species, suggesting that in the case of an urbanized indigenous community, where other sources of income are available, the demand for game meat is lower when compared to other ethnic groups. Thus, this research focused on the hunting of game meat among the Fulni-ô people living in the semi-arid region, being the first study carried out in an ethnic group strongly influenced by urbanization in the Brazilian Northeast. Even when compared to studies of wild animal consumption in the Caatinga region [5, 41] , the number of animals hunted is higher than that reported for the Fulni-ô, which may be indicative of a lower demand for game in relation to other communities in the northeast region [5, 12, 17, 31] . doi = 10.1186/s13002-020-00367-3 id = cord-339616-4ctpq5v3 author = de Carvalho, Carolina Abreu title = How is Brazil facing the crisis of Food and Nutrition Security during the COVID-19 pandemic? date = 2020-10-12 keywords = Brazil; COVID-19; FNS summary = The goal of this commentary is to expose the situation of Food and Nutrition Security (FNS) in Brazil in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic by providing a critical analysis of this scenario and suggesting ways to move forward. The fight against food insecurity in Brazil was interrupted with the adoption of austerity measures, such as the National Amendment 95/2016 (4) , which reduced public expenditure on social policies, in addition to labour and social security reforms, which represents a scenario of violation of human rights that are being aggravated by the current pandemic. Finally, with the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, another action which has become even more urgent is that the government again should prioritise the FNS agenda and update the National Plan for Food and Nutrition Security (PNSAN). doi = 10.1017/s1368980020003973 id = cord-347830-4rlcozy4 author = de Castro, Larissa Alves title = From Orange Juice By-Product in the Food Industry to a Functional Ingredient: Application in the Circular Economy date = 2020-05-06 keywords = Brazil; OBPF; cookie summary = Orange by-product flour (OBPF) was characterized in terms of its chemical composition, dietary fiber, phenolic compounds, antioxidant potential, and hygroscopic properties. OBPF presented a very high content of dietary fiber (73.61% dry matter (DM)), minerals (ash = 2.72% DM), and total phenolic compounds (534 ± 30 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g of DM). Therefore, OBPF showed interesting characteristics, suggesting its possible use in the development of fiber enriched foods such as cookies; and its production represents a key strategy for the orange juice processing industries towards the application of a circular economy in the food system. On the other hand, the OBPF produced in this study presented a high level of total dietary fiber, i.e., 73.61% (DM), which is higher than that reported by O''Shea et al. On the other hand, the OBPF produced in this study presented a high level of total dietary fiber, i.e., 73.61% (DM), which is higher than that reported by O''Shea et al. doi = 10.3390/foods9050593 id = cord-354699-u4s2r8gy author = de Souza, Carlos Dornels Freire title = Human development, social vulnerability and COVID-19 in Brazil: a study of the social determinants of health date = 2020-08-31 keywords = Brazil; COVID-19; MHDI summary = In this study, the following three epidemiological indicators were adopted as dependent variables: i) COVID-19 incidence rate/100 000 inhabitants, ii) COVID-19 mortality rate/1 million inhabitants, and iii) COVID19 In addition to these, the following 16 variables that make up the Social Vulnerability Atlas and that express the population''s living conditions were included: 1) illiteracy rate of people 18 years or elder, 2) illiteracy rate of people 25 years or elder, 3) income per capita of those vulnerable to poverty, 4) percentage of income from work, 5) Gini Index, 6) percentage of employees 18 years or older with a formal contract, 7) percentage of employees 18 years or elder without a formal contract, 8) percentage of public sector workers 18 years or elder, 9) percentage of self-employed workers 18 years or elder, 10) percentage of employers 18 years or elder, 11) degree of formality of the employed 18 years or elder, 12) percentage of employed persons 18 years or elder who have completed primary education, 13) percentage of employed persons 18 years or elder who have completed secondary education, 14) percentage of employed persons 18 years or older who have completed higher education, 15) average income of employed persons 18 years or elder, and 16) percentage of employed persons 18 years or elder without income. doi = 10.1186/s40249-020-00743-x