id sid tid token lemma pos cord-311172-4uk2y206 1 1 key key NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 1 2 : : : cord-311172-4uk2y206 2 1 cord-311172 cord-311172 NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 2 2 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 2 3 4uk2y206 4uk2y206 CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 2 4 authors author NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 2 5 : : : cord-311172-4uk2y206 2 6 Fischer Fischer NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 2 7 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 2 8 Benedikt Benedikt NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 2 9 title title NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 2 10 : : : cord-311172-4uk2y206 3 1 Some some DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 3 2 notes note NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 3 3 on on IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 3 4 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 3 5 use use NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 3 6 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 3 7 concept concept NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 3 8 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 3 9 socio socio JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 3 10 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 3 11 political political JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 3 12 framing framing NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 3 13 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 3 14 ‘ ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 3 15 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 3 16 ’ ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 3 17 focusing focus VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 3 18 on on IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 3 19 an an DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 3 20 opioid opioid NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 3 21 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 3 22 related relate VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 3 23 public public JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 3 24 health health NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 3 25 crisis crisis NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 3 26 date date NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 3 27 : : : cord-311172-4uk2y206 3 28 2020 2020 CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 3 29 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 3 30 08 08 CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 3 31 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 3 32 03 03 CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 3 33 journal journal NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 3 34 : : : cord-311172-4uk2y206 4 1 Subst Subst NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 4 2 Abuse abuse NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 4 3 Treat Treat NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 4 4 Prev Prev NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 4 5 Policy policy NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 4 6 DOI doi NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 4 7 : : : cord-311172-4uk2y206 4 8 10.1186 10.1186 CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 4 9 / / SYM cord-311172-4uk2y206 4 10 s13011 s13011 NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 4 11 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 4 12 020 020 CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 4 13 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 4 14 00294 00294 CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 4 15 - - SYM cord-311172-4uk2y206 4 16 2 2 CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 5 1 sha sha NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 5 2 : : : cord-311172-4uk2y206 5 3 6796713ba1045bb9ab8476e4ab2fc24024b760cf 6796713ba1045bb9ab8476e4ab2fc24024b760cf NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 5 4 doc_id doc_id CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 5 5 : : : cord-311172-4uk2y206 5 6 311172 311172 CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 5 7 cord_uid cord_uid FW cord-311172-4uk2y206 5 8 : : : cord-311172-4uk2y206 6 1 4uk2y206 4uk2y206 CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 6 2 Canada Canada NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 6 3 has have VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 6 4 been be VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 6 5 home home RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 6 6 to to IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 6 7 a a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 6 8 longstanding longstanding JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 6 9 public public JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 6 10 health health NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 6 11 crisis crisis NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 6 12 related relate VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 6 13 to to IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 6 14 opioids opioid NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 6 15 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 6 16 including include VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 6 17 an an DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 6 18 extensive extensive JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 6 19 mortality mortality NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 6 20 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 6 21 morbidity morbidity NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 6 22 toll toll NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 6 23 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 6 24 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 6 25 face face NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 6 26 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 6 27 substantive substantive JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 6 28 intervention intervention NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 6 29 gaps gap NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 6 30 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 7 1 Recently recently RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 7 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 7 3 2019 2019 CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 7 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 7 5 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 7 6 two two CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 7 7 extensive extensive JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 7 8 reports report NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 7 9 from from IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 7 10 preeminent preeminent JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 7 11 federal federal JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 7 12 authorities authority NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 7 13 – – : cord-311172-4uk2y206 7 14 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 7 15 Chief Chief NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 7 16 Public Public NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 7 17 Health Health NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 7 18 Officer Officer NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 7 19 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 7 20 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 7 21 Mental Mental NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 7 22 Health Health NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 7 23 Commission Commission NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 7 24 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 7 25 Canada Canada NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 7 26 – – : cord-311172-4uk2y206 7 27 have have VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 7 28 been be VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 7 29 tabled table VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 7 30 with with IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 7 31 detailed detailed JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 7 32 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 7 33 core core NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 7 34 focus focus NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 7 35 on on IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 7 36 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 7 37 phenomenon phenomenon NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 7 38 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 7 39 ‘ ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 7 40 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 7 41 ’ ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 7 42 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 7 43 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-311172-4uk2y206 7 44 impacts impact NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 7 45 on on IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 7 46 substance substance NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 7 47 / / SYM cord-311172-4uk2y206 7 48 opioid opioid NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 7 49 use use NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 7 50 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 7 51 harms harm NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 7 52 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 8 1 The the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 8 2 reports report NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 8 3 present present VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 8 4 extensive extensive JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 8 5 descriptions description NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 8 6 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 8 7 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 8 8 nature nature NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 8 9 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 8 10 effects effect NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 8 11 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 8 12 as as RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 8 13 well well RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 8 14 as as IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 8 15 a a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 8 16 multitude multitude NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 8 17 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 8 18 prescriptions prescription NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 8 19 for for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 8 20 remedial remedial JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 8 21 measures measure NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 8 22 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 8 23 actions action NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 8 24 to to TO cord-311172-4uk2y206 8 25 “ " `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 8 26 stop stop VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 8 27 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 8 28 cycle cycle NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 8 29 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 8 30 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 8 31 ” " '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 8 32 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 1 Closer close JJR cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 2 reading reading NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 3 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 4 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 5 documents document NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 6 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 7 however however RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 8 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 9 suggests suggest VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 10 substantial substantial JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 11 conceptual conceptual JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 12 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 13 empirical empirical JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 14 limitations limitation NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 15 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 16 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 17 characterization characterization NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 18 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 19 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 20 – – : cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 21 multi multi JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 22 - - JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 23 faceted faceted JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 24 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 25 challenging challenging JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 26 – – : cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 27 nature nature NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 28 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 29 workings working NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 30 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 31 ‘ ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 32 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 33 ’ ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 34 as as IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 35 a a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 36 socio socio JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 37 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 38 political political JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 39 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 40 structural structural JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 41 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 42 individual individual JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 43 process process NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 44 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 45 force force NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 46 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 47 specifically specifically RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 48 as as IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 49 it -PRON- PRP cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 50 applies apply VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 51 to to IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 52 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 53 negatively negatively RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 54 affects affect VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 55 substance substance NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 56 use use NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 57 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 58 related related JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 59 outcomes outcome NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 60 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 61 primarily primarily RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 62 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 63 wellbeing wellbeing NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 64 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 65 substance substance NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 66 users user NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 9 67 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 1 Concretely concretely RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 2 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 4 is be VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 5 unclear unclear JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 6 how how WRB cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 7 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 8 remedial remedial JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 9 actions action NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 10 proposed propose VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 11 will will MD cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 12 materially materially RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 13 alleviate alleviate VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 14 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 15 process process NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 16 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 17 impacts impact NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 18 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 19 especially especially RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 20 given give VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 21 apparent apparent JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 22 gaps gap NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 23 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 24 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 25 issues issue NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 26 examined examine VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 27 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 28 including include VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 29 essential essential JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 30 strategies strategy NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 31 – – : cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 32 for for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 33 example example NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 34 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 35 reform reform NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 36 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 37 drug drug NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 38 user user NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 39 criminalization criminalization NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 40 as as IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 41 a a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 42 fundamental fundamental JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 43 element element NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 44 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 45 driver driver NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 46 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 47 structural structural JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 48 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 49 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 50 for for RP cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 51 action action NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 52 that that WDT cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 53 directly directly RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 54 relate relate VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 55 to to IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 56 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 57 jurisdictions jurisdiction NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 58 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 59 privileged privileged JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 60 mandates mandate NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 61 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 62 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 63 report report NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 64 sources source VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 65 themselves -PRON- PRP cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 66 as as IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 67 health health NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 68 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 69 policy policy NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 70 leaders leader NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 10 71 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 1 The the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 2 commentary commentary NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 3 provides provide VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 4 some some DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 5 concrete concrete NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 6 while while IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 7 subjective subjective JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 8 notes note NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 9 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 10 observations observation NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 11 on on IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 12 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 13 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 14 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 15 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 16 as as IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 17 applies apply VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 18 to to IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 19 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 20 framed frame VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 21 for for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 22 substance substance NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 23 / / SYM cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 24 opioid opioid NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 25 use use NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 26 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 27 as as RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 28 well well RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 29 as as IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 30 strategies strategy NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 31 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 32 measures measure NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 33 necessary necessary JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 34 to to IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 35 both both DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 36 tangibly tangibly RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 37 address address VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 38 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 39 material material NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 40 health health NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 41 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 42 wellbeing wellbeing NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 43 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 44 substance substance NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 45 users user NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 46 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 47 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 48 related related JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 49 forces force NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 50 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 51 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 52 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 53 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 54 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 55 distinct distinct JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 56 context context NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 57 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 58 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 59 opioid opioid JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 60 crisis crisis NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 61 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 62 Canada Canada NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 11 63 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 12 1 In in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 12 2 2019at 2019at CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 12 3 a a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 12 4 recent recent JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 12 5 peak peak NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 12 6 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 12 7 point point NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 12 8 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 12 9 opioid opioid NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 12 10 mortalitytwo mortalitytwo NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 12 11 prominent prominent JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 12 12 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 12 13 federal federal JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 12 14 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 12 15 level level NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 12 16 reports report NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 12 17 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 12 18 1 1 CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 12 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 13 1 The the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 13 2 Chief Chief NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 13 3 Public Public NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 13 4 Health Health NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 13 5 Officer Officer NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 13 6 's 's POS cord-311172-4uk2y206 13 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 13 8 CPHO CPHO NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 13 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 13 10 Report Report NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 13 11 on on IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 13 12 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 13 13 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 13 14 State State NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 13 15 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 13 16 Public Public NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 13 17 Health Health NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 13 18 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 13 19 Canada Canada NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 13 20 ' ' POS cord-311172-4uk2y206 13 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 13 22 5 5 CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 13 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 13 24 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 13 25 2 2 LS cord-311172-4uk2y206 13 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 13 27 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 13 28 Mental Mental NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 13 29 Health Health NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 13 30 Commission Commission NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 13 31 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 13 32 Canada Canada NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 13 33 's 's POS cord-311172-4uk2y206 13 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 13 35 MHCC MHCC NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 13 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 13 37 Report report VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 13 38 on on IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 13 39 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 13 40 Stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 13 41 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 13 42 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 13 43 Opioid Opioid NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 13 44 Crisis Crisis NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 13 45 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 13 46 [ [ -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 13 47 6 6 CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 13 48 ] ] -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 13 49 were be VBD cord-311172-4uk2y206 13 50 tabled table VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 13 51 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 13 52 widely widely RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 13 53 disseminated disseminate VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 13 54 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 14 1 Both both DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 14 2 these these DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 14 3 elaborate elaborate JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 14 4 reports report NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 14 5 centrally centrally RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 14 6 focus focus VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 14 7 on on IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 14 8 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 14 9 role role NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 14 10 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 14 11 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 14 12 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 14 13 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 14 14 for for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 14 15 chronic chronic JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 14 16 disease disease NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 14 17 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 14 18 public public JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 14 19 health health NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 14 20 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 14 21 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 14 22 specifically specifically RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 14 23 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 14 24 substance substance NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 14 25 use use NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 14 26 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 14 27 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 14 28 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 14 29 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 14 30 opioid opioid NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 14 31 crisis crisis NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 14 32 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 14 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 14 34 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 14 35 MHCC MHCC NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 14 36 report report NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 14 37 with with IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 14 38 such such JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 14 39 exclusive exclusive JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 14 40 focus focus NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 14 41 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 14 42 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 14 43 CPHO CPHO NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 14 44 report report NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 14 45 within within IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 14 46 a a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 14 47 broader broad JJR cord-311172-4uk2y206 14 48 focus focus NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 14 49 on on IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 14 50 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 14 51 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 14 52 public public JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 14 53 health health NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 14 54 ) ) -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 14 55 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 15 1 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 15 2 Stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 15 3 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 15 4 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 15 5 at at IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 15 6 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-311172-4uk2y206 15 7 foundations foundation NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 15 8 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 15 9 is be VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 15 10 a a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 15 11 sociological sociological JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 15 12 concept concept NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 15 13 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 15 14 crucially crucially RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 15 15 furthered further VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 15 16 by by IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 15 17 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 15 18 Canadianborn Canadianborn NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 15 19 sociologist sociologist NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 15 20 Erving Erving NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 15 21 Goffman Goffman NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 15 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 15 23 7 7 CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 15 24 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 15 25 8 8 CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 15 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 15 27 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 16 1 Essentially essentially RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 16 2 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 16 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-311172-4uk2y206 16 4 indicates indicate VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 16 5 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 16 6 ascription ascription NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 16 7 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 16 8 negative negative JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 16 9 attributes attribute NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 16 10 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 16 11 assumptions assumption NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 16 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 16 13 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 16 14 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 16 15 stereotypes stereotype NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 16 16 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 16 17 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 16 18 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 16 19 mark mark NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 16 20 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 16 21 disgrace disgrace NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 16 22 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 16 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 16 24 on on IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 16 25 a a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 16 26 person person NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 16 27 because because IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 16 28 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 16 29 certain certain JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 16 30 properties property NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 16 31 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 16 32 behaviours behaviour NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 16 33 outside outside IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 16 34 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-311172-4uk2y206 16 35 control control NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 16 36 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 16 37 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 16 38 consequential consequential JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 16 39 loss loss NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 16 40 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 16 41 social social JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 16 42 status status NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 16 43 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 16 44 opportunity opportunity NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 16 45 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 16 46 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 16 47 care care VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 16 48 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 16 49 support support NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 16 50 ( ( -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 16 51 including include VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 16 52 possible possible JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 16 53 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 16 54 discrimination discrimination NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 16 55 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 16 56 ) ) -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 17 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 17 2 9 9 CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 17 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 17 4 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 18 1 Luoma Luoma NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 18 2 provides provide VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 18 3 some some DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 18 4 essential essential JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 18 5 conceptual conceptual JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 18 6 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 18 7 practical practical JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 18 8 characteristics characteristic NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 18 9 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 18 10 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 18 11 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 19 1 Stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 19 2 is be VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 19 3 produced produce VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 19 4 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 19 5 reproduced reproduce VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 19 6 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 19 7 many many JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 19 8 ways way NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 19 9 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 19 10 including include VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 19 11 common common JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 19 12 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 19 13 cultural cultural JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 19 14 practices practice NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 19 15 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 19 16 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 19 17 everyday everyday JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 19 18 life life NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 19 19 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 19 20 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 19 21 highly highly RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 19 22 resistant resistant JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 19 23 to to TO cord-311172-4uk2y206 19 24 change change VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 19 25 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 20 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-311172-4uk2y206 20 2 can can MD cord-311172-4uk2y206 20 3 be be VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 20 4 helpful helpful JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 20 5 to to TO cord-311172-4uk2y206 20 6 distinguish distinguish VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 20 7 between between IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 20 8 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 20 9 organizational organizational JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 20 10 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 20 11 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 20 12 structural structural JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 20 13 level level NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 20 14 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 20 15 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 20 16 individual individual JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 20 17 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 20 18 level level NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 20 19 processes process NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 20 20 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 20 21 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 20 22 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 20 23 both both DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 20 24 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 20 25 which which WDT cord-311172-4uk2y206 20 26 include include VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 20 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 20 28 structural structural JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 20 29 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 20 30 individual individual JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 20 31 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 20 32 respectively respectively RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 20 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 20 34 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 20 35 prejudice prejudice NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 20 36 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 20 37 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 20 38 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 20 39 discrimination discrimination NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 20 40 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 20 41 as as IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 20 42 ways way NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 20 43 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 20 44 enactment enactment NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 20 45 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 20 46 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 20 47 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 1 For for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 2 example example NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 3 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 4 organizational organizational JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 5 / / SYM cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 6 structural structural JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 7 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 8 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 9 through through IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 10 related relate VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 11 power power NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 12 processes process NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 13 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 14 involves involve VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 16 intentional intentional JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 17 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 18 un un JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 19 - - JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 20 intentional intentional JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 22 policies policy NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 23 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 24 organizational organizational JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 25 rules rule NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 26 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 27 restrictions restriction NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 28 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 29 opportunity opportunity NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 30 barriers barrier NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 31 towards towards IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 32 stigmatized stigmatized JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 33 group group NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 34 ; ; : cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 35 whereas whereas IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 36 individual individual JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 37 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 38 level level NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 39 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 40 can can MD cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 41 be be VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 42 divided divide VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 43 into into IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 44 public public JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 46 e.g. e.g. RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 47 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 48 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 49 individual individual JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 50 reactions reaction NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 51 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 52 judgments judgment NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 53 ) ) -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 54 about about IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 55 a a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 56 stigmatized stigmatize VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 57 group group NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 58 ( ( -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 59 e.g. e.g. RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 60 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 61 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 62 addicts addict NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 63 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 64 ) ) -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 65 as as RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 66 well well RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 67 as as IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 68 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 69 self self NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 70 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 71 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 72 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 73 ( ( -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 74 e.g. e.g. RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 75 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 76 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 77 internalization internalization NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 78 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 79 negative negative JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 80 selfvalue selfvalue NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 81 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 82 status status NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 83 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 84 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 85 consequential consequential JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 86 self self NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 87 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 88 preclusion preclusion NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 89 from from IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 90 key key JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 91 opportunities opportunity NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 92 ( ( -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 93 e.g. e.g. RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 94 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 95 treatment treatment NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 96 ) ) -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 97 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 98 negative negative JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 99 outcomes outcome NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 100 experienced experience VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 101 by by IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 102 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 103 stigmatized stigmatize VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 104 individual individual JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 105 themselves -PRON- PRP cord-311172-4uk2y206 21 106 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 22 1 A a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 22 2 large large JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 22 3 variety variety NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 22 4 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 22 5 different different JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 22 6 strategies strategy NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 22 7 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 22 8 approaches approach NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 22 9 to to TO cord-311172-4uk2y206 22 10 reduce reduce VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 22 11 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 22 12 have have VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 22 13 been be VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 22 14 identified identify VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 22 15 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 22 16 tried try VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 22 17 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 22 18 with with IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 22 19 however however RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 22 20 limited limit VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 22 21 demonstrated demonstrate VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 22 22 effects effect NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 22 23 on on IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 22 24 reducing reduce VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 22 25 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 22 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 22 27 10 10 CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 22 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 22 29 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 22 30 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 1 Stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 2 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 3 has have VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 4 been be VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 5 given give VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 6 distinct distinct JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 8 while while IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 9 limited limit VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 10 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 11 e.g. e.g. RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 12 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 13 when when WRB cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 14 compared compare VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 15 to to IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 16 mental mental JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 17 health health NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 19 attention attention NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 20 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 21 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 22 psychoactive psychoactive JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 23 substance substance NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 24 use use NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 25 realm realm NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 26 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 27 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 28 part part NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 29 also also RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 30 related relate VBD cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 31 to to IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 32 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 33 conflicting conflict VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 34 underlying underlying JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 35 social social JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 36 concepts concept NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 37 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 38 explanations explanation NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 39 ( ( -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 40 e.g. e.g. RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 41 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 42 crime crime NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 43 versus versus IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 44 moral moral JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 45 failure failure NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 46 versus versus IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 47 disease disease NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 48 models model NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 49 ) ) -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 50 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 51 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 52 addiction addiction NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 53 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 54 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 55 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 56 consequential consequential JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 57 implications implication NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 58 for for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 59 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 60 social social JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 61 identities identity NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 62 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 63 status status NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 64 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 65 interventions intervention NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 66 geared gear VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 67 at at IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 68 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 69 user user NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 70 [ [ -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 71 9 9 CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 72 ] ] -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 23 73 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 24 1 Luomo Luomo NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 24 2 notes note VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 24 3 that that IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 24 4 research research NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 24 5 on on IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 24 6 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 24 7 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 24 8 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 24 9 addiction addiction NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 24 10 realm realm NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 24 11 is be VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 24 12 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 24 13 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-311172-4uk2y206 24 14 " " `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 24 15 infancy infancy NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 24 16 " " '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 24 17 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 24 18 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 24 19 that that IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 24 20 even even RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 24 21 less less RBR cord-311172-4uk2y206 24 22 is be VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 24 23 known know VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 24 24 on on IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 24 25 " " `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 24 26 how how WRB cord-311172-4uk2y206 24 27 to to TO cord-311172-4uk2y206 24 28 reduce reduce VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 24 29 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 24 30 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 24 31 this this DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 24 32 area area NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 24 33 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 24 34 " " '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 25 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 25 2 10 10 CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 25 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 26 1 Two two CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 26 2 pre pre JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 26 3 - - JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 26 4 eminent eminent JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 26 5 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 26 6 anti anti JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 26 7 - - JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 26 8 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 26 9 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 26 10 manifests manifest VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 26 11 Both both DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 26 12 above above RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 26 13 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 26 14 mentioned mention VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 26 15 reports report NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 26 16 ascribe ascribe VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 26 17 fundamental fundamental JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 26 18 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 26 19 sweeping sweeping JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 26 20 cause cause NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 26 21 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 26 22 effect effect NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 26 23 agency agency NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 26 24 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 26 25 as as RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 26 26 well well RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 26 27 as as IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 26 28 necessary necessary JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 26 29 remedial remedial JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 26 30 prescriptions prescription NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 26 31 to to IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 26 32 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 26 33 phenomenon phenomenon NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 26 34 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 26 35 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 26 36 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 26 37 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 26 38 as as IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 26 39 applied apply VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 26 40 to to IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 26 41 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 26 42 current current JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 26 43 public public JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 26 44 health health NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 26 45 crisis crisis NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 26 46 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 26 47 substance/ substance/ CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 26 48 opioid opioid NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 26 49 use use NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 26 50 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 26 51 Canada Canada NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 26 52 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 27 1 For for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 27 2 example example NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 27 3 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 27 4 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 27 5 CPHO CPHO NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 27 6 's 's POS cord-311172-4uk2y206 27 7 report report NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 27 8 lays lay VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 27 9 out out RP cord-311172-4uk2y206 27 10 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 27 11 elaborate elaborate JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 27 12 detail detail NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 27 13 [ [ -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 27 14 5 5 CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 27 15 ] ] -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 27 16 ; ; : cord-311172-4uk2y206 27 17 pp pp LS cord-311172-4uk2y206 27 18 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 1 how how WRB cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 2 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 3 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 4 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 5 creates create VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 6 a a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 7 fundamental fundamental JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 8 " " `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 9 us -PRON- PRP cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 10 versus versus IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 11 them -PRON- PRP cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 12 " " `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 13 between between IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 14 substance substance NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 15 users user NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 16 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 17 society society NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 18 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 19 resulting result VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 20 not not RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 21 only only RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 22 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 23 " " `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 24 significant significant JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 25 economic economic JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 26 costs cost NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 27 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 28 barriers barrier NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 29 to to IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 30 housing housing NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 31 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 32 employment employment NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 33 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 34 health health NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 35 care care NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 36 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 37 productivity productivity NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 38 loss loss NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 39 " " '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 40 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 41 functions function NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 42 as as IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 43 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 44 root root NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 45 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 46 " " `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 47 discrimination discrimination NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 48 " " '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 49 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 50 wrongfully wrongfully RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 51 blames blame VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 52 substance substance NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 53 users user NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 54 for for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 55 " " `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 56 poor poor JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 57 willpower willpower NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 58 " " '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 59 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 60 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 61 projects project VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 62 them -PRON- PRP cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 63 to to TO cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 64 be be VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 65 " " `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 66 dangerous dangerous JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 67 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 68 reckless reckless JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 69 " " '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 70 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 71 implies imply VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 72 them -PRON- PRP cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 73 to to TO cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 74 be be VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 75 not not RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 76 suffering suffer VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 77 from from IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 78 " " `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 79 real real JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 80 illness illness NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 81 " " '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 28 82 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 29 1 Beyond beyond IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 29 2 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 29 3 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 29 4 is be VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 29 5 listed list VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 29 6 as as IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 29 7 a a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 29 8 driving drive VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 29 9 factor factor NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 29 10 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 29 11 decreased decreased JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 29 12 service service NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 29 13 use use NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 29 14 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 29 15 concealment concealment NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 29 16 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 29 17 substance substance NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 29 18 use use NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 29 19 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 29 20 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 29 21 health health NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 29 22 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 29 23 harming harm VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 29 24 coping cope VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 29 25 behaviours behaviour NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 29 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 29 27 e.g. e.g. RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 29 28 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 29 29 isolation isolation NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 29 30 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 29 31 needle needle NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 29 32 sharing sharing NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 29 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 29 34 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 29 35 poorer poor JJR cord-311172-4uk2y206 29 36 health health NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 29 37 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 29 38 quality quality NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 29 39 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 29 40 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 29 41 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 29 42 life life NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 29 43 ( ( -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 29 44 QOL QOL NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 29 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 29 46 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 29 47 limited limited JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 29 48 treatment treatment NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 29 49 uptake uptake NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 29 50 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 29 51 poorer poor JJR cord-311172-4uk2y206 29 52 outcomes outcome NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 29 53 for for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 29 54 substance substance NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 29 55 users user NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 29 56 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 1 Based base VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 2 on on IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 3 remedies remedy NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 4 prescribed prescribe VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 5 for for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 6 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 7 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 8 " " `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 9 cycle cycle NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 10 [ [ -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 11 to to TO cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 12 be be VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 13 ] ] -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 14 effectively effectively RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 15 stopped stop VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 16 " " '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 17 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 18 for for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 19 " " `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 20 resisting resist VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 21 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 22 impacts impact NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 23 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 24 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 25 " " '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 26 it -PRON- PRP cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 27 is be VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 28 emphasized emphasize VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 29 that that IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 30 required require VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 31 action action NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 32 need need VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 33 to to TO cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 34 occur occur VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 35 on on IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 36 many many JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 37 ( ( -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 38 e.g. e.g. RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 39 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 40 individual individual JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 41 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 42 institutional institutional JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 43 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 44 population population NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 45 ) ) -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 46 levels level NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 47 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 48 yet yet CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 49 concretely concretely RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 50 by by IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 51 changing change VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 52 " " `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 53 biased biased JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 54 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 55 outdated outdated JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 56 language language NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 57 " " '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 58 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 59 " " '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 60 strengthening strengthen VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 61 resilience resilience NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 62 " " '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 63 ( ( -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 64 e.g. e.g. RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 65 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 66 through through IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 67 education education NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 68 ) ) -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 69 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 70 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 71 devising devise VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 72 " " `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 73 cultural cultural JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 74 competence competence NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 75 " " '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 76 interventions intervention NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 77 for for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 78 health health NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 79 care care NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 80 providers provider NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 81 towards towards IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 82 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 83 development development NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 84 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 85 " " `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 86 awareness awareness NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 87 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 88 knowledge knowledge NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 89 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 90 attitudes attitude NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 91 " " '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 30 92 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 31 1 All all PDT cord-311172-4uk2y206 31 2 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 31 3 while while IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 31 4 it -PRON- PRP cord-311172-4uk2y206 31 5 is be VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 31 6 then then RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 31 7 categorically categorically RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 31 8 acknowledged acknowledge VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 31 9 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 31 10 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 31 11 report report NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 31 12 that that IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 31 13 " " `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 31 14 it -PRON- PRP cord-311172-4uk2y206 31 15 is be VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 31 16 difficult difficult JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 31 17 to to TO cord-311172-4uk2y206 31 18 know know VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 31 19 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 31 20 what what WP cord-311172-4uk2y206 31 21 works work VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 31 22 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 31 23 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 31 24 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 31 25 what what WDT cord-311172-4uk2y206 31 26 context context NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 31 27 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 31 28 to to TO cord-311172-4uk2y206 31 29 address address VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 31 30 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 31 31 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 31 32 discrimination discrimination NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 31 33 " " '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 31 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 31 35 p.53 p.53 NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 31 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 31 37 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 1 Similarly similarly RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 2 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 3 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 4 MHCC MHCC NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 5 's 's POS cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 6 report report NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 7 [ [ -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 8 6 6 CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 9 ] ] -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 10 including include VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 11 a a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 12 related related JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 13 review review NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 14 paper paper NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 15 from from IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 16 one one CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 17 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 18 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 19 authors author NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 20 as as IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 21 integrated integrate VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 22 elementary elementary JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 23 content content NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 24 material material NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 26 11 11 CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 28 -purports -purports : cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 29 " " `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 30 broad broad JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 31 agreement agreement NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 33 … … NFP cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 34 that that DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 35 … … NFP cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 36 ] ] -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 37 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 38 surrounding surround VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 39 opioid opioid JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 40 use use NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 41 is be VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 42 both both CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 43 significant significant JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 44 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 45 consequential consequential JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 46 " " '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 47 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 48 has have VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 49 acted act VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 50 " " `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 51 as as IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 52 a a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 53 barrier barrier NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 54 to to TO cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 55 reframe reframe VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 56 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 57 opioid opioid JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 58 crisis crisis NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 59 as as IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 60 a a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 61 public public JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 62 health health NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 63 issue issue NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 64 " " '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 65 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 66 concretely concretely RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 67 as as IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 68 it -PRON- PRP cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 69 " " `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 70 affects affect VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 71 how how WRB cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 72 we -PRON- PRP cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 73 conceptualize conceptualize VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 74 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 75 frame frame VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 76 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 77 prioritize prioritize VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 78 [ [ -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 79 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 80 opioid opioid NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 81 ] ] -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 82 crisis crisis NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 83 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 32 84 " " '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 33 1 Stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 33 2 is be VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 33 3 furthermore furthermore RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 33 4 stated state VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 33 5 to to TO cord-311172-4uk2y206 33 6 lead lead VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 33 7 to to IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 33 8 " " `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 33 9 hiding hide VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 33 10 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 33 11 creates create VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 33 12 barriers barrier NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 33 13 to to IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 33 14 helpseeking helpseeking NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 33 15 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 33 16 [ [ -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 33 17 … … NFP cord-311172-4uk2y206 33 18 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 33 19 that that IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 33 20 it -PRON- PRP cord-311172-4uk2y206 33 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 33 22 contributes contribute VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 33 23 to to IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 33 24 ongoing ongoing JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 33 25 system system NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 33 26 mistrust mistrust NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 33 27 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 33 28 avoidance avoidance NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 33 29 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 33 30 services service NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 33 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 33 32 … … NFP cord-311172-4uk2y206 33 33 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 33 34 … … NFP cord-311172-4uk2y206 33 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 33 36 results result VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 33 37 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 33 38 poorer poor JJR cord-311172-4uk2y206 33 39 quality quality NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 33 40 care care NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 33 41 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 33 42 response response NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 33 43 " " '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 33 44 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 1 For for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 2 principal principal JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 3 remedies remedy NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 4 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 5 these these DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 6 campaign campaign NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 7 documents document NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 8 thenspecifically thenspecifically RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 9 also also RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 10 as as IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 11 actions action NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 12 geared gear VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 13 towards towards IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 14 " " `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 15 health health NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 16 leaders leader NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 17 " " '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 18 -prescribe -prescribe : cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 19 " " `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 20 comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 21 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 22 reduction reduction NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 23 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 24 intervention intervention NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 25 strategies strategy NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 26 for for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 27 frontline frontline JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 28 providers provider NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 29 " " '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 30 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 31 " " `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 32 address[ing address[e VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 34 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 35 ethical ethical JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 36 dilemmas dilemma NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 37 experienced experience VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 38 by by IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 39 … … NFP cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 40 front front JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 41 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 42 line line NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 43 providers provider NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 44 regarding regard VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 45 high high JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 46 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 47 recidivism recidivism NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 48 clients client NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 49 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 50 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 51 emergency emergency NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 52 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 53 relief relief NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 54 measures measure NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 55 ( ( -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 56 e.g. e.g. RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 57 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 58 Narcan Narcan NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 59 ) ) -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 60 that that WDT cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 61 may may MD cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 62 increase increase VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 63 riskbehaviors riskbehavior NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 64 " " '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 65 ; ; : cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 66 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 67 " " `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 68 increas[ing increas[e VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 69 ] ] -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 70 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 71 use use NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 72 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 73 non non JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 74 - - JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 75 stigmatising stigmatising JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 76 language language NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 77 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 78 establish[ing establish[ing NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 79 ] ] -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 80 best good JJS cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 81 practice practice NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 82 guidelines guideline NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 83 for for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 84 opioid opioid NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 85 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 86 related relate VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 87 terminology terminology NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 88 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 89 language language NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 90 " " '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 91 ; ; : cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 92 ensuring ensure VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 93 " " `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 94 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 95 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 96 informed inform VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 97 … … NFP cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 98 prevention prevention NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 99 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 100 policies policy NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 101 efforts effort NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 102 " " '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 103 ; ; : cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 104 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 105 removal removal NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 106 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 107 " " `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 108 organizational organizational JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 109 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 110 policy policy NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 111 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 112 related relate VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 113 barriers barrier NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 114 … … NFP cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 115 to to IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 116 a a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 117 full full JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 118 range range NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 119 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 120 care care NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 121 interventions intervention NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 122 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 123 services service NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 124 " " '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 34 125 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 35 1 Yet yet CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 35 2 here here RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 35 3 also also RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 35 4 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 35 5 it -PRON- PRP cord-311172-4uk2y206 35 6 is be VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 35 7 then then RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 35 8 acknowledged acknowledge VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 35 9 that that IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 35 10 " " `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 35 11 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 35 12 evidence evidence NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 35 13 base base NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 35 14 supporting support VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 35 15 anti anti JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 35 16 - - JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 35 17 stigma stigma JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 35 18 interventions intervention NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 35 19 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 35 20 this this DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 35 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 35 22 opioid opioid NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 35 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 35 24 area area NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 35 25 is be VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 35 26 thin thin JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 35 27 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 35 28 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 35 29 first first RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 35 30 requires require VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 35 31 a a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 35 32 " " `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 35 33 more more RBR cord-311172-4uk2y206 35 34 robust robust JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 35 35 body body NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 35 36 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 35 37 evidence evidence NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 35 38 " " '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 35 39 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 36 1 In in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 36 2 related related JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 36 3 media medium NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 36 4 release release NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 36 5 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 36 6 statements statement NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 36 7 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 36 8 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 36 9 CPHO CPHO NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 36 10 publicly publicly RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 36 11 called call VBD cord-311172-4uk2y206 36 12 on on IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 36 13 " " `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 36 14 health health NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 36 15 leaders leader NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 36 16 to to TO cord-311172-4uk2y206 36 17 tackle tackle VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 36 18 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 36 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 36 20 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 36 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 36 22 that that IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 36 23 we -PRON- PRP cord-311172-4uk2y206 36 24 are be VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 36 25 all all RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 36 26 responsible responsible JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 36 27 for for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 36 28 stopping stop VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 36 29 it -PRON- PRP cord-311172-4uk2y206 36 30 " " '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 37 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 37 2 5 5 CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 37 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 37 4 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 37 5 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 37 6 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 37 7 MHCC MHCC NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 37 8 's 's POS cord-311172-4uk2y206 37 9 CEO ceo NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 37 10 declares declare VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 37 11 that that IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 37 12 " " `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 37 13 naming name VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 37 14 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 37 15 as as IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 37 16 a a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 37 17 public public JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 37 18 health health NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 37 19 crisis crisis NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 37 20 is be VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 37 21 brave brave JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 37 22 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 37 23 bold bold JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 37 24 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 37 25 necessary necessary JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 37 26 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 37 27 " " '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 2 12 12 CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 4 One one PRP cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 5 could could MD cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 6 be be VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 7 left leave VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 8 with with IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 9 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 10 distinct distinct JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 11 impressions impression NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 12 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 13 based base VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 14 on on IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 15 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 16 above above JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 17 documents document NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 18 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 19 statements statement NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 20 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 21 that that IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 22 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 23 opioid opioid JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 24 crisis crisis NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 25 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 26 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 27 grave grave JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 28 health health NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 29 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 30 social social JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 31 toll toll NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 32 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 33 Canada Canada NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 34 are be VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 35 primarily primarily RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 36 a a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 37 product product NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 38 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 39 forces force NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 40 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 41 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 42 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 43 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 44 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 45 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 46 that that IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 47 implementing implement VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 48 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 49 suggested suggest VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 50 remedies remedy NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 51 will will MD cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 52 reliably reliably RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 53 guide guide VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 54 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 55 bring bring VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 56 about about RP cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 57 much much JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 58 awaited await VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 59 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 60 tangible tangible JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 61 improvement improvement NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 62 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 63 solutions solution NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 38 64 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 1 While while IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 2 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 3 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 4 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 5 is be VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 6 a a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 7 certainly certainly RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 8 present present JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 9 phenomenon phenomenon NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 10 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 11 social social JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 12 dynamic dynamic NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 13 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 14 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 15 substance substance NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 16 use use NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 17 realm realm NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 18 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 19 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 20 adversely adversely RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 21 affects affect VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 22 substance substance NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 23 users user NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 24 ' ' POS cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 25 lives life NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 26 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 27 behaviors behavior NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 28 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 29 care care VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 30 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 31 a a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 32 multitude multitude NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 33 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 34 ways way NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 35 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 36 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 37 above above JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 38 observations observation NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 39 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 40 remedies remedy NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 41 appear appear VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 42 to to TO cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 43 be be VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 44 problematically problematically RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 45 narrow narrow JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 46 if if IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 47 not not RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 48 simplistic simplistic JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 49 at at IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 50 key key JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 51 ends end NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 52 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 53 while while IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 54 selective selective JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 55 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 56 featuring feature VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 57 essential essential JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 58 gaps gap NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 59 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 60 key key JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 61 elements element NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 62 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 63 elaborationsespecially elaborationsespecially RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 64 also also RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 65 when when WRB cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 66 considering consider VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 67 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 68 originating originate VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 69 sources source NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 39 70 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 40 1 These these DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 40 2 impressions impression NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 40 3 sit sit VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 40 4 uneasily uneasily RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 40 5 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 40 6 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 40 7 warrant warrant VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 40 8 some some DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 40 9 basic basic JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 40 10 while while NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 41 1 subjective subjective JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 41 2 consideration consideration NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 41 3 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 41 4 comments comment NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 41 5 as as IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 41 6 per per IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 41 7 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 41 8 following follow VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 41 9 brief brief JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 41 10 summaries summary NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 41 11 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 41 12 main main JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 41 13 illustrative illustrative JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 41 14 examples example NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 41 15 : : : cord-311172-4uk2y206 41 16 1 1 LS cord-311172-4uk2y206 41 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 42 1 An an DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 42 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 42 3 if if IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 42 4 not not RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 42 5 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 42 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 42 7 essential essential JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 42 8 root root NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 42 9 driver driver NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 42 10 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 42 11 determinant determinant NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 42 12 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 42 13 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 42 14 stigmatization stigmatization NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 42 15 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 42 16 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 42 17 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 42 18 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 42 19 enactment enactment NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 42 20 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 42 21 a a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 42 22 fundamentally fundamentally RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 42 23 divisive divisive JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 42 24 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 42 25 us -PRON- PRP cord-311172-4uk2y206 42 26 versus versus IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 42 27 them -PRON- PRP cord-311172-4uk2y206 42 28 ' ' POS cord-311172-4uk2y206 42 29 disposition disposition NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 42 30 for for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 42 31 psychoactive psychoactive JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 42 32 substance substance NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 42 33 usersfor usersfor NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 42 34 example example NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 42 35 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 42 36 opioid opioid JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 42 37 users user NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 42 38 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 42 39 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 42 40 specific specific JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 42 41 context context NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 42 42 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 42 43 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 42 44 opioid opioid JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 42 45 crisis crisis NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 42 46 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 42 47 but but CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 42 48 beyond beyond IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 42 49 involving involve VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 42 50 other other JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 42 51 illicit illicit JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 42 52 substances substance NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 42 53 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 42 54 other other JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 42 55 contexts context NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 42 56 --is --is . cord-311172-4uk2y206 43 1 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 43 2 fact fact NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 43 3 that that IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 43 4 such such JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 43 5 use use NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 43 6 is be VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 43 7 categorically categorically RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 43 8 defined define VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 43 9 as as IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 43 10 a a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 43 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 43 12 criminally criminally RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 43 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 43 14 illegal illegal JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 43 15 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 44 1 This this DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 44 2 is be VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 44 3 so so RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 44 4 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 44 5 case case NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 44 6 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 44 7 Canada Canada NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 44 8 specifically specifically RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 44 9 per per IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 44 10 definition definition NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 44 11 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 44 12 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 44 13 Controlled control VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 44 14 Drugs Drugs NNPS cord-311172-4uk2y206 44 15 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 44 16 Substance Substance NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 44 17 Act Act NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 44 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 44 19 CDSA CDSA NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 44 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 44 21 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 45 1 Arguably arguably RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 45 2 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 45 3 there there EX cord-311172-4uk2y206 45 4 is be VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 45 5 no no DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 45 6 more more RBR cord-311172-4uk2y206 45 7 powerful powerful JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 45 8 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 45 9 impactful impactful JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 45 10 social social JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 45 11 tool tool NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 45 12 to to TO cord-311172-4uk2y206 45 13 create create VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 45 14 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 45 15 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 45 16 project project NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 45 17 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 45 18 on on IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 45 19 a a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 45 20 structural structural JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 45 21 level level NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 45 22 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 45 23 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 45 24 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-311172-4uk2y206 45 25 direct direct JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 45 26 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 45 27 indirect indirect JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 45 28 adverse adverse JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 45 29 consequences consequence NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 45 30 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 45 31 than than IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 45 32 through through IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 45 33 criminalizing criminalize VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 45 34 a a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 45 35 specific specific JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 45 36 behavior behavior NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 45 37 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 45 38 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 45 39 people people NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 45 40 such such JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 45 41 criminalization criminalization NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 45 42 identifies identify VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 45 43 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 45 44 targets target VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 45 45 [ [ -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 45 46 13 13 CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 45 47 ] ] -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 45 48 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 46 1 The the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 46 2 criminal criminal JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 46 3 law law NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 46 4 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 46 5 by by IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 46 6 definition definition NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 46 7 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 46 8 non non JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 46 9 - - JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 46 10 negotiably negotiably RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 46 11 defines define VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 46 12 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 46 13 enshrines enshrine VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 46 14 most most RBS cord-311172-4uk2y206 46 15 fundamental fundamental JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 46 16 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 46 17 shared share VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 46 18 social social JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 46 19 norms norm NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 46 20 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 46 21 values value NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 46 22 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 46 23 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 46 24 identifies identify VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 46 25 actions action NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 46 26 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 46 27 behaviors behavior NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 46 28 that that WDT cord-311172-4uk2y206 46 29 violate violate VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 46 30 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 46 31 harm harm VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 46 32 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 46 33 social social JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 46 34 body body NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 46 35 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 46 36 common common JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 46 37 rules rule NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 46 38 which which WDT cord-311172-4uk2y206 46 39 are be VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 46 40 then then RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 46 41 prescribed prescribe VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 46 42 punishment punishment NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 46 43 as as IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 46 44 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 46 45 state state NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 46 46 's 's POS cord-311172-4uk2y206 46 47 most most RBS cord-311172-4uk2y206 46 48 powerful powerful JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 46 49 form form NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 46 50 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 46 51 power power NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 46 52 [ [ -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 46 53 14 14 CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 46 54 ] ] -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 46 55 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 47 1 The the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 47 2 criminal criminal JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 47 3 law law NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 47 4 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 47 5 therefore therefore RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 47 6 constitutes constitute VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 47 7 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 47 8 authoritative authoritative JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 47 9 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 47 10 statesanctioned statesanctioned JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 47 11 basis basis NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 47 12 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 47 13 seal seal NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 47 14 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 47 15 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 47 16 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 47 17 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 47 18 context context NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 47 19 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 47 20 a a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 47 21 law law NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 47 22 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 47 23 based base VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 47 24 society society NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 47 25 : : : cord-311172-4uk2y206 47 26 for for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 47 27 primary primary JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 47 28 examples example NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 47 29 ' ' POS cord-311172-4uk2y206 47 30 murder murder NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 47 31 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 47 32 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 47 33 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 47 34 treason treason NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 47 35 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 47 36 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 47 37 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 47 38 assault assault NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 47 39 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 47 40 carry carry VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 47 41 irrevocable irrevocable JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 47 42 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 47 43 heavy heavy JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 47 44 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 47 45 official official JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 47 46 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 47 47 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 47 48 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 47 49 for for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 47 50 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 47 51 law law NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 47 52 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 47 53 breaking break VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 47 54 act act NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 47 55 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 47 56 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 47 57 those those DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 47 58 who who WP cord-311172-4uk2y206 47 59 commit commit VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 47 60 it -PRON- PRP cord-311172-4uk2y206 47 61 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 2 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 3 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 4 criminal criminal JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 5 law law NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 6 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 7 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 8 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 9 process process NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 10 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 11 crminalization crminalization NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 12 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 13 defines define VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 14 socially socially RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 15 harmful harmful JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 16 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 17 shunned shun VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 18 actions action NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 19 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 20 both both CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 21 by by IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 22 official official JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 23 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 24 formal formal JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 25 definition definition NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 26 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 27 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 28 every every DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 29 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 30 day day NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 31 enactment enactment NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 33 e.g. e.g. RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 34 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 35 enforcement enforcement NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 36 ) ) -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 37 ; ; : cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 38 additionally additionally RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 39 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 40 criminalization criminalization NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 41 serves serve VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 42 as as IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 43 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 44 ultimately ultimately RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 45 legitimate legitimate JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 46 reference reference NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 47 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 48 justification justification NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 49 for for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 50 certain certain JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 51 behaviorsor behaviorsor NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 52 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 53 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 54 actors'to actors'to NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 55 be be VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 56 differentiated differentiate VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 57 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 58 excluded exclude VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 59 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 60 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 61 penalized penalize VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 62 from from IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 63 many many JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 64 realms realm NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 65 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 66 life life NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 48 67 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 49 1 Beyond beyond IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 49 2 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 49 3 there there EX cord-311172-4uk2y206 49 4 is be VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 49 5 extensive extensive JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 49 6 scientific scientific JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 49 7 evidence evidence NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 49 8 on on IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 49 9 how how WRB cord-311172-4uk2y206 49 10 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 49 11 criminalization criminalization NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 49 12 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 49 13 adversely adversely RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 49 14 affects affect VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 49 15 substance substance NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 49 16 use use NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 49 17 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 49 18 related relate VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 49 19 risks risk NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 49 20 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 49 21 harms harm NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 49 22 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 49 23 help help VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 49 24 seeking seek VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 49 25 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 49 26 service service NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 49 27 access access NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 49 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 49 29 15 15 CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 49 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 49 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 49 32 16 16 CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 49 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 49 34 [ [ -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 49 35 17 17 CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 49 36 ] ] -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 49 37 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 50 1 Yet yet RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 50 2 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 50 3 nowhere nowhere RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 50 4 do do VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 50 5 either either DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 50 6 report report VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 50 7 centrally centrally RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 50 8 name name VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 50 9 this this DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 50 10 quintessential quintessential JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 50 11 link link NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 50 12 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 50 13 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 50 14 provide provide VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 50 15 explicit explicit JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 50 16 recommendations recommendation NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 50 17 that that IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 50 18 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 50 19 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 50 20 criminalization criminalization NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 50 21 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 50 22 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 50 23 drug drug NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 50 24 use use NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 50 25 as as IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 50 26 a a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 50 27 root root NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 50 28 driver driver NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 50 29 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 50 30 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 50 31 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 50 32 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 50 33 consequences consequence NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 50 34 ought ought MD cord-311172-4uk2y206 50 35 to to TO cord-311172-4uk2y206 50 36 be be VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 50 37 materially materially RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 50 38 corrected correct VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 50 39 for for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 50 40 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 50 41 " " `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 50 42 cycle cycle NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 50 43 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 50 44 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 50 45 " " '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 50 46 to to TO cord-311172-4uk2y206 50 47 be be VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 50 48 slowed slow VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 50 49 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 50 50 stopped stop VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 50 51 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 51 1 This this DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 51 2 is be VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 51 3 particularly particularly RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 51 4 surprising surprising JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 51 5 since since IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 51 6 both both DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 51 7 reports report NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 51 8 come come VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 51 9 from from IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 51 10 leading lead VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 51 11 federal federal JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 51 12 government government NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 51 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 51 14 CPHO CPHO NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 51 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 51 16 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 52 1 arms arm NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 52 2 ' ' POS cord-311172-4uk2y206 52 3 length length NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 52 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 52 5 MHCC MHCC NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 52 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 52 7 entities entity NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 52 8 located locate VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 52 9 at at IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 52 10 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 52 11 very very RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 52 12 jurisdictional jurisdictional JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 52 13 level level NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 52 14 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 52 15 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 52 16 CDSA CDSA NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 52 17 as as IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 52 18 federal federal JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 52 19 law law NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 52 20 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 52 21 Canada Canada NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 52 22 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 53 1 Both both DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 53 2 entities entity NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 53 3 would would MD cord-311172-4uk2y206 53 4 be be VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 53 5 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 53 6 a a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 53 7 preeminent preeminent JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 53 8 position position NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 53 9 to to TO cord-311172-4uk2y206 53 10 recognize recognize VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 53 11 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 53 12 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 53 13 emphasize emphasize VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 53 14 for for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 53 15 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 53 16 explicit explicit JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 53 17 criminalization criminalization NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 53 18 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 53 19 substance substance NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 53 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 53 21 opioid opioid NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 53 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 53 23 use use NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 53 24 as as IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 53 25 a a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 53 26 primary primary JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 53 27 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 53 28 fundamental fundamental JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 53 29 foundation foundation NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 53 30 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 53 31 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 53 32 that that WDT cord-311172-4uk2y206 53 33 requires require VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 53 34 revision revision NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 53 35 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 53 36 order order NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 53 37 for for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 53 38 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 53 39 desired desire VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 53 40 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 53 41 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 53 42 reduction reduction NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 53 43 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 53 44 to to TO cord-311172-4uk2y206 53 45 occur occur VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 53 46 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 54 1 2 2 LS cord-311172-4uk2y206 54 2 ) ) -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 55 1 Similarly similarly RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 55 2 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 55 3 there there EX cord-311172-4uk2y206 55 4 are be VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 55 5 other other JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 55 6 concrete concrete JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 55 7 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 55 8 major major JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 55 9 intervention intervention NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 55 10 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 55 11 policy policy NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 55 12 actionsor actionsor NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 55 13 gaps gap NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 55 14 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 55 15 rathertowards rathertowards NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 55 16 opioid opioid NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 55 17 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 55 18 related relate VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 55 19 public public JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 55 20 health health NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 55 21 measures measure NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 55 22 along along IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 55 23 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 55 24 lines line NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 55 25 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 55 26 barriers barrier NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 55 27 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 55 28 obstacles obstacle NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 55 29 mentioned mention VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 55 30 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 55 31 theory theory NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 55 32 that that IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 55 33 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 55 34 for for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 55 35 long long RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 55 36 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 55 37 have have VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 55 38 been be VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 55 39 resisted resist VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 55 40 by by IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 55 41 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 55 42 very very RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 55 43 anti anti JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 55 44 - - JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 55 45 stigma stigma JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 55 46 campaign campaign NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 55 47 protagonists protagonist NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 55 48 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 1 Tangibly tangibly RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 2 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 3 federal federal JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 4 government government NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 5 authorities authority NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 6 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 7 for for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 8 considerable considerable JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 9 time time NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 10 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 11 have have VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 12 refused refuse VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 13 to to TO cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 14 formally formally RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 15 call call VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 16 a a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 17 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 18 public public JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 19 health health NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 20 emergency emergency NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 21 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 23 under under IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 24 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 25 Emergencies Emergencies NNPS cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 26 Act Act NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 27 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 28 Canada Canada NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 30 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 31 response response NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 32 to to IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 33 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 34 opioid opioid JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 35 crisis crisis NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 36 that that WDT cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 37 would would MD cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 38 have have VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 39 allowed allow VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 40 considerably considerably RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 41 more more RBR cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 42 flexible flexible JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 43 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 44 substantive substantive JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 45 measures measure NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 46 to to TO cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 47 address address VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 48 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 49 reduce reduce VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 50 related relate VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 51 health health NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 52 risks risk NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 53 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 54 adverse adverse JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 55 outcomes outcome NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 56 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 57 including include VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 58 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 59 massive massive JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 60 overdose overdose NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 61 mortality mortality NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 62 toll toll NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 63 [ [ -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 64 18 18 CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 65 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 66 19 19 CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 67 ] ] -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 56 68 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 1 Related related JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 2 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 3 federal federal JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 4 authorities authority NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 5 have have VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 6 long long RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 7 resisted resist VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 8 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 9 implementation implementation NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 10 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 11 broadbased broadbased JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 12 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 13 systematic systematic JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 14 provisions provision NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 15 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 16 measures measure NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 17 for for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 18 comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 19 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 20 safer safe JJR cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 21 opioid opioid NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 22 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 23 distribution distribution NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 24 programming programming NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 25 towards towards IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 26 better well RBR cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 27 protecting protect VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 28 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 29 numerous numerous JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 30 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 31 at at IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 32 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 33 risk risk NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 34 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 35 opioid opioid JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 36 users user NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 37 from from IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 38 increasing increase VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 39 exposure exposure NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 40 to to IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 41 highly highly RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 42 toxic/ toxic/ CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 43 potent potent JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 44 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 45 illicit illicit JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 46 opioid opioid JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 47 supply supply NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 48 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 49 elevated elevated JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 50 risk risk NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 51 for for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 52 overdose overdose NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 53 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 54 death death NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 55 [ [ -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 56 20 20 CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 57 ] ] -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 58 [ [ -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 59 21 21 CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 60 ] ] -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 61 [ [ -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 62 22 22 CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 63 ] ] -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 57 64 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 58 1 Both both DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 58 2 types type NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 58 3 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 58 4 measures measure NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 58 5 reflect reflect VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 58 6 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 58 7 mimic mimic VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 58 8 standard standard JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 58 9 interventions intervention NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 58 10 applied apply VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 58 11 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 58 12 enacted enact VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 58 13 elsewhere elsewhere RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 58 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 58 15 e.g. e.g. RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 58 16 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 58 17 for for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 58 18 vaccinations vaccination NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 58 19 for for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 58 20 influenza influenza NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 58 21 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 58 22 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 58 23 acutely acutely RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 58 24 extensive extensive JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 58 25 transmission transmission NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 58 26 control control NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 58 27 measures measure NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 58 28 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 58 29 etc etc FW cord-311172-4uk2y206 58 30 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 59 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 59 2 23 23 CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 59 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 59 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 59 5 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 60 1 On on IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 60 2 this this DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 60 3 basis basis NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 60 4 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 60 5 seemingly seemingly RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 60 6 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 60 7 preeminent preeminent JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 60 8 health health NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 60 9 leaders leader NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 60 10 emphasizing emphasize VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 60 11 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 60 12 exceptional exceptional JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 60 13 burden burden NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 60 14 from from IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 60 15 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 60 16 need need VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 60 17 to to TO cord-311172-4uk2y206 60 18 " " `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 60 19 end end VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 60 20 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 60 21 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 60 22 cycle cycle NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 60 23 " " '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 60 24 themselves -PRON- PRP cord-311172-4uk2y206 60 25 appear appear VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 60 26 to to TO cord-311172-4uk2y206 60 27 be be VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 60 28 hindered hinder VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 60 29 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 60 30 hesitant hesitant JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 60 31 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 60 32 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-311172-4uk2y206 60 33 own own JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 60 34 efforts effort NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 60 35 by by IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 60 36 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 60 37 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 60 38 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 60 39 related relate VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 60 40 policy policy NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 60 41 barriers barrier NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 60 42 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 60 43 with with IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 60 44 substantial substantial JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 60 45 room room NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 60 46 for for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 60 47 change change NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 60 48 towards towards IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 60 49 more more RBR cord-311172-4uk2y206 60 50 determined determined JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 60 51 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 60 52 concrete concrete JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 60 53 action action NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 60 54 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 61 1 to to TO cord-311172-4uk2y206 61 2 present present VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 61 3 a a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 61 4 questionably questionably RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 61 5 one one CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 61 6 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 61 7 directional directional JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 61 8 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 61 9 simplistic simplistic JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 61 10 perspective perspective NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 61 11 on on IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 61 12 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 61 13 mechanics mechanic NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 61 14 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 61 15 nature nature NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 61 16 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 61 17 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 61 18 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 61 19 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 61 20 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 1 While while IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 2 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 3 reports report NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 4 ' ' POS cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 5 analyses analysis NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 6 suggest suggest VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 7 multiple multiple JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 8 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 9 pathways pathway NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 10 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 11 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 12 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 13 layers layer NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 14 ' ' POS cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 15 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 16 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 17 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 18 they -PRON- PRP cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 19 essentially essentially RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 20 appear appear VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 21 to to TO cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 22 suggest suggest VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 23 that that IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 24 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 25 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 26 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 27 is be VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 28 an an DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 29 exclusively exclusively RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 30 negative negative JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 31 force force NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 32 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 33 functioning functioning NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 34 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 35 outcomes outcome NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 36 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 37 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 38 brings bring VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 39 on on RP cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 40 extensive extensive JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 41 harm harm NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 42 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 43 whatever whatever WDT cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 44 it -PRON- PRP cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 45 touches touch VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 46 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 47 affects affect VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 48 ; ; : cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 49 therefore therefore RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 50 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 51 any any DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 52 available available JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 53 measures measure NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 54 ought ought MD cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 55 to to TO cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 56 be be VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 57 deployed deploy VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 58 for for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 59 it -PRON- PRP cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 60 to to TO cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 61 be be VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 62 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 63 purged purge VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 64 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 65 for for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 66 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 67 major major JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 68 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 69 consequential consequential JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 70 harms harm NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 71 to to TO cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 72 be be VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 73 reduced reduce VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 74 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 75 desirable desirable JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 76 ways way NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 77 for for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 78 general general JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 79 benefit benefit NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 62 80 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 63 1 But but CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 63 2 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 63 3 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 63 4 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 63 5 workings working NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 63 6 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 63 7 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 63 8 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 63 9 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 63 10 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 63 11 if if IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 63 12 considered consider VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 63 13 more more RBR cord-311172-4uk2y206 63 14 fulsomely fulsomely RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 63 15 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 63 16 are be VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 63 17 much much RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 63 18 more more RBR cord-311172-4uk2y206 63 19 complex complex JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 63 20 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 63 21 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 63 22 multidimensional multidimensional JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 63 23 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 64 1 For for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 64 2 example example NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 64 3 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 64 4 while while IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 64 5 surely surely RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 64 6 there there EX cord-311172-4uk2y206 64 7 should should MD cord-311172-4uk2y206 64 8 not not RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 64 9 be be VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 64 10 genuine genuine JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 64 11 intent intent NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 64 12 to to TO cord-311172-4uk2y206 64 13 negatively negatively RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 64 14 label label VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 64 15 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 64 16 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 64 17 categorically categorically RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 64 18 stereotype stereotype NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 64 19 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 64 20 drug drug NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 64 21 users user NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 64 22 as as IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 64 23 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 64 24 bad bad JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 64 25 persons person NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 64 26 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 64 27 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 64 28 there there EX cord-311172-4uk2y206 64 29 are be VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 64 30 many many JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 64 31 behaviorsin behaviorsin NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 65 1 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 65 2 social social JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 65 3 realities reality NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 65 4 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 65 5 daily daily JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 65 6 life life NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 65 7 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 65 8 health health NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 65 9 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 65 10 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 65 11 substance substance NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 65 12 usethat usethat NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 65 13 are be VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 65 14 widely widely RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 65 15 recognized recognize VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 65 16 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 65 17 agreed agree VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 65 18 as as IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 65 19 factually factually RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 65 20 unhealthy unhealthy JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 65 21 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 65 22 undesirable undesirable JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 65 23 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 65 24 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 65 25 therefore therefore RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 65 26 feature feature VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 65 27 legitimate legitimate JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 65 28 reason reason NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 65 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 65 30 e.g. e.g. RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 65 31 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 65 32 for for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 65 33 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 65 34 benefit benefit NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 65 35 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 65 36 interventions intervention NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 65 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 65 38 to to TO cord-311172-4uk2y206 65 39 be be VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 65 40 negatively negatively RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 65 41 labelled label VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 65 42 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 66 1 For for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 66 2 example example NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 66 3 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 66 4 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 66 5 drinking drinking NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 66 6 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 66 7 driving driving NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 66 8 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 66 9 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 66 10 smoking smoking NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 66 11 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 66 12 front front NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 66 13 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 66 14 children child NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 66 15 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 66 16 sharing share VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 66 17 injection injection NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 66 18 paraphernalia paraphernalia NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 66 19 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 66 20 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 66 21 stealing stealing NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 66 22 are be VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 66 23 generally generally RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 66 24 agreed agree VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 66 25 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 66 26 upon upon RP cord-311172-4uk2y206 66 27 risky risky JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 66 28 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 66 29 harmful harmful JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 66 30 behaviors behavior NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 66 31 which which WDT cord-311172-4uk2y206 66 32 are be VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 66 33 for for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 66 34 education education NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 66 35 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 66 36 prevention prevention NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 66 37 messaging messaging NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 66 38 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 66 39 deterrence deterrence NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 66 40 purposesnegatively purposesnegatively NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 66 41 labelled label VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 66 42 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 66 43 so so RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 66 44 conveyed convey VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 66 45 for for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 66 46 arguably arguably RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 66 47 good good JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 66 48 reason reason NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 66 49 [ [ -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 66 50 24 24 CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 66 51 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 66 52 25 25 CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 66 53 ] ] -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 66 54 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 67 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-311172-4uk2y206 67 2 can can MD cord-311172-4uk2y206 67 3 not not RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 67 4 be be VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 67 5 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 67 6 anyone anyone NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 67 7 's 's POS cord-311172-4uk2y206 67 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 67 9 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 67 10 especially especially RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 67 11 not not RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 67 12 prominent prominent JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 67 13 health health NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 67 14 leaders leader NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 67 15 ' ' POS cord-311172-4uk2y206 67 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 67 17 real real JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 67 18 interest interest NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 67 19 to to TO cord-311172-4uk2y206 67 20 suggest suggest VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 67 21 correction correction NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 67 22 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 67 23 these these DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 67 24 behaviors behavior NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 67 25 to to IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 67 26 positive positive JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 67 27 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 67 28 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 67 29 even even RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 67 30 neutral neutral JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 67 31 status status NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 67 32 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 67 33 messaging messaging NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 67 34 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 67 35 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 67 36 interest interest NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 67 37 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 67 38 all all RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 67 39 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 67 40 encomassing encomasse VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 67 41 ' ' POS cord-311172-4uk2y206 67 42 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 67 43 reduction reduction NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 67 44 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 67 45 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 1 Rather rather RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 2 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 3 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 4 real real JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 5 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 6 while while IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 7 presumably presumably RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 8 more more RBR cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 9 complex complex JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 10 challenge challenge NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 11 for for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 12 a a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 13 meaningful meaningful JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 14 addressing addressing NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 15 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 16 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 17 appears appear VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 18 to to TO cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 19 be be VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 20 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 21 as as RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 22 far far RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 23 as as IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 24 possible possible JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 25 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 26 to to TO cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 27 disassociate disassociate VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 28 concrete concrete NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 29 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 30 while while IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 31 undesirable undesirable JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 32 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 33 shunned shun VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 34 behaviors behavior NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 35 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 36 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 37 negative negative JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 38 labels label NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 39 from from IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 40 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 41 general general JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 42 identity identity NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 43 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 44 those those DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 45 individuals individual NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 46 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 47 human human JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 48 beings being NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 49 who who WP cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 50 engage engage VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 51 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 52 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 53 are be VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 54 associated associate VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 55 with with IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 56 them -PRON- PRP cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 57 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 58 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 59 least least JJS cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 60 better well JJR cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 61 consider consider VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 62 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 63 contextualize contextualize VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 64 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 65 real real JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 66 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 67 life life NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 68 contexts contexts NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 69 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 70 but but CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 71 not not RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 72 have have VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 73 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 74 social social JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 75 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 76 health health NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 77 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 78 other other JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 79 existential existential JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 80 opportunities opportunity NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 81 categorically categorically RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 82 labelled label VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 83 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 84 negatively negatively RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 85 burdened burden VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 86 by by IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 87 them -PRON- PRP cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 88 [ [ -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 89 10 10 CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 90 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 91 26 26 CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 92 ] ] -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 68 93 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 69 1 This this DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 69 2 separation separation NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 69 3 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 69 4 value value NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 69 5 attributions attribution NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 69 6 is be VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 69 7 not not RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 69 8 an an DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 69 9 easy easy JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 69 10 task task NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 69 11 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 69 12 also also RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 69 13 given give VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 69 14 that that IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 69 15 negative negative JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 69 16 behaviors behavior NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 69 17 do do VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 69 18 not not RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 69 19 exist exist VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 69 20 without without IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 69 21 people people NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 69 22 associated associate VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 69 23 with with IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 69 24 them -PRON- PRP cord-311172-4uk2y206 69 25 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 69 26 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 69 27 one one NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 69 28 that that WDT cord-311172-4uk2y206 69 29 will will MD cord-311172-4uk2y206 69 30 likely likely RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 69 31 never never RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 69 32 be be VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 69 33 perfectly perfectly RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 69 34 possible possible JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 69 35 ; ; : cord-311172-4uk2y206 69 36 however however RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 69 37 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 69 38 to to TO cord-311172-4uk2y206 69 39 imply imply VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 69 40 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 69 41 invoke invoke VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 69 42 a a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 69 43 functioning function VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 69 44 social social JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 69 45 world world NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 69 46 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 69 47 which which WDT cord-311172-4uk2y206 69 48 everything everything NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 69 49 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 69 50 anything anything NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 69 51 will will MD cord-311172-4uk2y206 69 52 be be VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 69 53 free free JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 69 54 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 69 55 negative negative JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 70 1 labelsi.e labelsi.e NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 70 2 . . NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 70 3 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 70 4 without without IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 70 5 any any DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 70 6 negative negative JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 70 7 association association NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 70 8 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 70 9 labelsis labelsis NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 70 10 neither neither CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 70 11 meaningfully meaningfully RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 70 12 possible possible JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 70 13 nor nor CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 70 14 workable workable JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 70 15 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 71 1 4 4 LS cord-311172-4uk2y206 71 2 ) ) -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 1 Specifically specifically RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 2 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 3 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 4 realm realm NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 5 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 6 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 7 opioid opioid JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 8 crisis crisis NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 9 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 10 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 11 distinct distinct JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 12 evolution evolution NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 13 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 14 there there EX cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 15 have have VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 16 been be VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 17 other other JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 18 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 19 powerful powerful JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 20 forces force NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 21 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 22 social social NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 23 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 24 labelling labelling NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 25 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 26 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 27 associations association NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 28 at at IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 29 work work NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 30 that that WDT cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 31 may may MD cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 32 be be VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 33 ( ( -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 34 perhaps perhaps RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 35 somewhat somewhat RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 36 clumsily clumsily RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 38 referred refer VBD cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 39 to to IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 40 as as IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 41 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 42 false false JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 43 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 44 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 45 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 46 reverse reverse JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 47 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 48 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 49 ( ( -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 50 i.e. i.e. FW cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 51 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 52 suggesting suggest VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 53 misguided misguided JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 54 positive positive JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 55 signals signal NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 56 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 57 properties property NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 58 on on IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 59 behaviors behavior NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 60 where where WRB cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 61 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 62 opposite opposite NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 63 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 64 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 65 at at IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 66 least least JJS cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 67 active active JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 68 prudence prudence NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 69 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 70 caution caution NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 71 would would MD cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 72 have have VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 73 been be VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 74 warranted warrant VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 75 ) ) -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 76 ; ; : cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 77 these these DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 78 can can MD cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 79 be be VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 80 assumed assume VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 81 to to TO cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 82 have have VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 83 led lead VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 84 to to IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 85 at at RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 86 least least JJS cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 87 as as RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 88 much much JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 89 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 90 but but CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 91 likely likely RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 92 far far RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 93 more more JJR cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 94 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 95 opioid opioid NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 96 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 97 harms harm NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 98 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 99 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 100 population population NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 101 as as IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 102 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 103 genuine genuine JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 104 ( ( -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 105 adverse adverse JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 106 ) ) -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 107 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 108 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 109 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 110 drivers driver NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 111 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 112 effects effect NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 113 laid lay VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 114 out out RP cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 115 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 116 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 117 reports report NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 72 118 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 73 1 As as IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 73 2 a a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 73 3 key key JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 73 4 example example NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 73 5 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 73 6 an an DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 73 7 essential essential JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 73 8 causal causal JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 73 9 driver driver NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 73 10 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 73 11 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 73 12 opioid opioid JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 73 13 crisis crisis NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 73 14 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 73 15 specifically specifically RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 73 16 as as IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 73 17 it -PRON- PRP cord-311172-4uk2y206 73 18 unfolded unfold VBD cord-311172-4uk2y206 73 19 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 73 20 North North NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 73 21 America America NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 73 22 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 73 23 has have VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 73 24 included include VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 73 25 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 73 26 widespread widespread JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 73 27 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 73 28 excessive excessive JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 73 29 medical medical JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 73 30 availability availability NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 73 31 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 73 32 prescription prescription NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 73 33 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 73 34 usage usage NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 73 35 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 73 36 potent potent JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 73 37 opioid opioid JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 73 38 medications medication NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 73 39 starting start VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 73 40 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 73 41 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 73 42 early early JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 73 43 2000s 2000 NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 73 44 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 1 The the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 2 vast vast JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 3 increases increase NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 4 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 5 general general JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 6 population population NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 7 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 8 wide wide JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 9 opioid opioid JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 10 use use NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 11 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 12 initially initially RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 13 under under IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 14 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 15 premise premise NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 16 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 17 improved improved JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 18 population population NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 19 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 20 wide wide JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 21 pain pain NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 22 care care NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 23 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 24 featuring feature VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 25 new new JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 26 -supposedly -supposedly RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 27 effective effective JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 28 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 29 side side JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 30 effect effect NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 31 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 32 free free JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 33 -opioid -opioid HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 34 medications medication NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 36 e.g. e.g. RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 37 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 38 oxycodone oxycodone NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 40 aggressively aggressively RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 41 promoted promote VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 42 by by IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 43 pharmaceutical pharmaceutical JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 44 companies company NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 45 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 46 facilitated facilitate VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 47 by by IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 48 skewed skewed JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 49 prescription prescription NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 50 guidelines guideline NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 51 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 52 insufficient insufficient JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 53 regulation regulation NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 54 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 55 prescriber prescriber NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 56 practices practice NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 57 alike alike RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 58 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 59 pushed push VBD cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 60 large large JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 61 sub sub NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 62 - - NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 63 populations population NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 64 into into IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 65 hazardous hazardous JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 66 trajectories trajectory NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 67 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 68 opioid opioid JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 69 use use NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 70 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 71 with with IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 72 many many JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 73 resulting result VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 74 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 75 misuse misuse NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 76 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 77 dependence dependence NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 78 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 79 overdose overdose NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 80 deaths death NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 81 [ [ -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 82 27 27 CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 83 ] ] -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 84 [ [ -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 85 28 28 CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 86 ] ] -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 87 [ [ -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 88 29 29 CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 89 ] ] -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 74 90 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 75 1 Later later RBR cord-311172-4uk2y206 75 2 opioid opioid NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 75 3 formulationsincorrectlywere formulationsincorrectlywere RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 75 4 claimed claim VBD cord-311172-4uk2y206 75 5 to to TO cord-311172-4uk2y206 75 6 be be VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 75 7 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 75 8 abuse abuse NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 75 9 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 75 10 deterrent deterrent NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 75 11 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 75 12 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 75 13 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 75 14 tamper tamper VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 75 15 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 75 16 resistant resistant JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 75 17 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 75 18 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 75 19 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 75 20 therefore therefore RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 75 21 safe safe JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 75 22 from from IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 75 23 harm harm NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 75 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 75 25 30 30 CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 75 26 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 75 27 31 31 CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 75 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 75 29 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 76 1 All all PDT cord-311172-4uk2y206 76 2 this this DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 76 3 related related JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 76 4 to to IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 76 5 government government NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 76 6 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 76 7 licensed license VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 76 8 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 76 9 -approved -approved JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 76 10 drugs drug NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 76 11 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 76 12 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 76 13 occurred occur VBD cord-311172-4uk2y206 76 14 under under IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 76 15 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 76 16 knowing know VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 76 17 eye eye NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 76 18 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 76 19 government government NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 76 20 monitoring monitoring NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 76 21 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 76 22 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 76 23 control control NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 76 24 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 77 1 For for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 77 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 77 3 too too RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 77 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 77 5 long long JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 77 6 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 77 7 key key JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 77 8 government government NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 77 9 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 77 10 regulatory regulatory JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 77 11 authorities authority NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 77 12 provided provide VBD cord-311172-4uk2y206 77 13 no no DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 77 14 relevant relevant JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 77 15 policy policy NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 77 16 responses response NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 77 17 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 77 18 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 77 19 then then RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 77 20 did do VBD cord-311172-4uk2y206 77 21 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 77 22 too too RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 77 23 little little JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 77 24 too too RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 77 25 late late RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 77 26 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 77 27 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 77 28 to to TO cord-311172-4uk2y206 77 29 stop stop VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 77 30 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 77 31 detrimental detrimental JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 77 32 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 77 33 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 77 34 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 77 35 opioid opioid JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 77 36 crisis crisis NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 77 37 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 77 38 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-311172-4uk2y206 77 39 massive massive JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 77 40 population population NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 77 41 health health NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 77 42 harms harm NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 77 43 unfolding unfold VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 77 44 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 77 45 slow slow JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 77 46 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 77 47 motion motion NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 77 48 [ [ -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 77 49 28 28 CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 77 50 ] ] -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 77 51 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 1 As as RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 2 much much RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 3 as as IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 4 negative negative JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 5 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 6 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 7 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 8 may may MD cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 9 push push VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 10 some some DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 11 opioid opioid JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 12 users user NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 13 into into IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 14 riskier risky JJR cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 15 behaviors behavior NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 16 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 17 contribute contribute VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 18 to to TO cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 19 help help VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 20 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 21 service service NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 22 access access NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 23 barriers barrier NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 24 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 25 inferior inferior JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 26 care care NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 27 quality quality NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 28 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 29 as as RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 30 much much JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 31 did do VBD cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 32 misleadingly misleadingly RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 33 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 34 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 35 simply simply RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 36 false false JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 37 systemic systemic JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 38 positive positive JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 39 social social JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 40 messages message NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 41 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 42 images image NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 43 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 44 pervasive pervasive JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 45 assumptions assumption NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 46 about about IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 47 opioid opioid JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 48 medications medication NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 49 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 50 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 51 alleged allege VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 52 benefits benefit NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 53 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 54 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 55 related relate VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 56 harmful harmful JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 57 ( ( -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 58 e.g. e.g. RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 59 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 60 over over IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 61 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 62 prescribing prescribe VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 63 ) ) -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 64 practices practice NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 65 endorsed endorse VBD cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 66 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 67 tolerated tolerate VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 68 by by IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 69 key key JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 70 authorities authority NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 71 contribute contribute VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 72 to to IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 73 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 74 present present JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 75 opioid opioid JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 76 public public JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 77 health health NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 78 crisis crisis NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 78 79 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 2 Notably notably RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 3 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 4 one one CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 5 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 6 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 7 reports report NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 8 considered consider VBD cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 9 points point NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 10 out out RP cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 11 that that IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 12 users user NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 13 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 14 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 15 prescription prescription NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 16 opioids opioid NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 17 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 18 " " `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 19 also also RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 20 " " '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 21 experienced experience VBD cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 22 negative negative JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 23 stigmatization stigmatization NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 24 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 25 making make VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 26 users user NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 27 feel feel VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 28 " " `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 29 addicted addicted JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 30 … … NFP cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 31 as as RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 32 much much RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 33 as as IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 34 a a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 35 heroin heroin NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 36 addict"implying addict"implying : cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 37 a a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 38 needed need VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 39 differentiation differentiation NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 40 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 41 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 42 attribution attribution NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 43 between between IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 44 users user NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 45 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 46 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 47 medical medical JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 48 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 49 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 50 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 51 non non JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 52 - - JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 53 medical medical JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 54 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 55 drugs drug NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 56 ) ) -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 57 ( ( -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 58 [ [ -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 59 6 6 CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 60 ] ] -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 61 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 62 p.44 p.44 NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 63 ) ) -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 79 64 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 80 1 These these DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 80 2 above above IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 80 3 factors factor NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 80 4 ought ought MD cord-311172-4uk2y206 80 5 to to TO cord-311172-4uk2y206 80 6 be be VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 80 7 taken take VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 80 8 into into IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 80 9 account account NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 80 10 especially especially RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 80 11 when when WRB cord-311172-4uk2y206 80 12 examining examine VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 80 13 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 80 14 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 80 15 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 80 16 as as IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 80 17 one one CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 80 18 form form NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 80 19 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 80 20 a a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 80 21 social social JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 80 22 process process NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 80 23 influencing influence VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 80 24 behaviors behavior NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 80 25 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 80 26 adverse adverse JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 80 27 outcomes outcome NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 80 28 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 80 29 whereas whereas IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 80 30 these these DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 80 31 are be VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 80 32 complemented complement VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 80 33 by by IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 80 34 other other JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 80 35 social social JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 80 36 processes process NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 80 37 leading lead VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 80 38 to to IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 80 39 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 80 40 contributing contribute VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 80 41 to to IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 80 42 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 80 43 same same JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 80 44 problem problem NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 80 45 's 's POS cord-311172-4uk2y206 80 46 formation formation NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 80 47 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 80 48 consequences consequence NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 80 49 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 81 1 5 5 LS cord-311172-4uk2y206 81 2 ) ) -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 82 1 There there EX cord-311172-4uk2y206 82 2 is be VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 82 3 a a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 82 4 sizeable sizeable JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 82 5 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 82 6 recent recent JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 82 7 body body NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 82 8 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 82 9 scientific scientific JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 82 10 literature literature NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 83 1 e.g. e.g. RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 83 2 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 83 3 specifically specifically RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 83 4 including include VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 83 5 systematic systematic JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 83 6 reviews review NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 83 7 from from IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 83 8 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 83 9 past past NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 83 10 decadedevoted decadedevote VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 83 11 to to IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 83 12 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 83 13 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 83 14 substance substance NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 83 15 use use NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 83 16 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 83 17 related related JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 83 18 interventions intervention NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 83 19 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 84 1 Surprisingly surprisingly RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 84 2 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 84 3 little little JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 84 4 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 84 5 these these DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 84 6 evidence evidence NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 84 7 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 84 8 based base VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 84 9 insights insight NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 84 10 appear appear VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 84 11 to to TO cord-311172-4uk2y206 84 12 be be VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 84 13 considered consider VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 84 14 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 84 15 comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 84 16 depth depth NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 84 17 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 84 18 either either DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 84 19 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 84 20 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 84 21 two two CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 84 22 documents document NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 84 23 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 1 For for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 2 example example NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 3 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 4 while while IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 5 respective respective JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 6 reviews review NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 7 find find VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 8 ample ample JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 9 evidence evidence NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 10 for for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 11 a a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 12 common common JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 13 presence presence NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 14 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 15 negative negative JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 16 attitudes attitude NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 17 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 18 beliefs belief NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 19 towards towards IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 20 substance substance NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 21 users user NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 22 among among IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 23 health health NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 24 professionals professional NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 25 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 26 policy policy NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 27 representatives representative NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 28 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 29 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 30 correspondingly correspondingly RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 31 ample ample JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 32 accounts account NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 33 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 34 such such JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 35 experiences experience NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 36 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 37 consequences consequence NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 38 among among IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 39 substance substance NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 40 users user NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 41 themselves -PRON- PRP cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 42 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 43 other other JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 44 key key JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 45 elements element NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 46 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 47 empirical empirical JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 48 knowledge knowledge NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 49 on on IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 50 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 51 understanding understanding NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 52 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 53 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 54 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 55 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 56 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 57 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 58 especially especially RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 59 effective effective JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 60 counter counter NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 61 - - NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 62 actions action NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 63 appear appear VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 64 to to TO cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 65 be be VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 66 much much RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 67 more more RBR cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 68 restricted restricted JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 69 [ [ -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 70 32 32 CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 71 ] ] -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 72 [ [ -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 73 33 33 CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 74 ] ] -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 75 [ [ -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 76 34 34 CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 77 ] ] -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 85 78 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 1 Concretely concretely RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 2 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 3 there there EX cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 4 is be VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 5 a a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 6 lack lack NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 7 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 8 essential essential JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 9 construct construct NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 10 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 11 measurement measurement NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 12 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 13 definitional definitional JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 14 clarity clarity NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 15 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 16 consistency consistency NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 17 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 18 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 19 a a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 20 dearth dearth NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 21 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 22 rigorous rigorous JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 24 e.g. e.g. RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 25 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 26 longitudinal longitudinal JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 28 studies study NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 29 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 30 other other JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 31 research research NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 32 on on IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 33 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 34 [ [ -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 35 32 32 CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 36 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 37 35 35 CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 38 ] ] -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 39 ; ; : cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 40 there there EX cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 41 overall overall RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 42 are be VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 43 few few JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 44 consistent consistent JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 45 findings finding NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 46 on on IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 47 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 48 relationship relationship NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 49 between between IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 50 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 51 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 52 substance substance NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 53 use use NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 54 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 55 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 56 few few JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 57 studies study NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 58 have have VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 59 evaluated evaluate VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 60 actual actual JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 61 consequences consequence NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 62 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 63 subjective subjective JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 64 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 65 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 66 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 67 impressions impression NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 68 [ [ -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 69 36 36 CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 70 ] ] -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 71 ; ; : cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 72 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 73 evidence evidence NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 74 on on IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 75 effective effective JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 76 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 77 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 78 reducing reduce VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 79 interventions intervention NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 80 is be VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 81 considered consider VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 82 limited limited JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 83 [ [ -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 84 37 37 CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 85 ] ] -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 86 86 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 87 1 Crapanzano Crapanzano NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 87 2 et et NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 87 3 al al NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 87 4 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 88 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 88 2 2014 2014 CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 88 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 88 4 report report VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 88 5 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 88 6 notable notable JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 88 7 finding finding NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 88 8 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 88 9 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-311172-4uk2y206 88 10 ( ( -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 88 11 medical medical JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 88 12 student student NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 88 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 88 14 study study NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 88 15 sample sample NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 88 16 that that WDT cord-311172-4uk2y206 88 17 these these DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 88 18 believed believe VBD cord-311172-4uk2y206 88 19 that that IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 88 20 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 88 21 beliefs belief NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 88 22 among among IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 88 23 health health NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 88 24 care care NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 88 25 professionals professional NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 88 26 were be VBD cord-311172-4uk2y206 88 27 indeed indeed RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 88 28 common common JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 88 29 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 88 30 but but CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 88 31 that that IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 88 32 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-311172-4uk2y206 88 33 own own JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 88 34 beliefs belief NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 88 35 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 88 36 care care NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 88 37 practices practice NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 88 38 would would MD cord-311172-4uk2y206 88 39 not not RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 88 40 be be VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 88 41 influenced influence VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 88 42 by by IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 88 43 these these DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 88 44 [ [ -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 88 45 38 38 CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 88 46 ] ] -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 88 47 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 89 1 There there EX cord-311172-4uk2y206 89 2 appears appear VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 89 3 to to TO cord-311172-4uk2y206 89 4 be be VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 89 5 good good JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 89 6 reason reason NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 89 7 for for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 89 8 some some DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 89 9 sensible sensible JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 89 10 reflection reflection NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 89 11 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 89 12 restraint restraint NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 89 13 to to TO cord-311172-4uk2y206 89 14 be be VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 89 15 applied apply VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 89 16 on on IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 89 17 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 89 18 above above JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 89 19 stigmafighting stigmafighte VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 89 20 campaign campaign NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 89 21 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 89 22 action action NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 89 23 front front NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 89 24 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 89 25 specifically specifically RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 89 26 as as RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 89 27 generously generously RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 89 28 projected project VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 89 29 on on IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 89 30 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 89 31 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 89 32 opioid opioid JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 89 33 crisis crisis NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 89 34 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 89 35 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 89 36 Canada Canada NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 89 37 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 90 1 There there EX cord-311172-4uk2y206 90 2 is be VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 90 3 little little JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 90 4 doubt doubt NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 90 5 that that IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 90 6 ample ample JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 90 7 stigmatizing stigmatize VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 90 8 forces force NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 90 9 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 90 10 experiences experience NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 90 11 exist exist VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 90 12 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 90 13 crucially crucially RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 90 14 work work VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 90 15 against against IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 90 16 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 90 17 health health NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 90 18 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 90 19 wellbeing wellbeing NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 90 20 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 90 21 substance substance NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 90 22 users user NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 90 23 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 90 24 many many JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 90 25 ways way NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 90 26 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 90 27 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 90 28 should should MD cord-311172-4uk2y206 90 29 be be VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 90 30 tackled tackle VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 90 31 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 90 32 alleviated alleviate VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 90 33 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 91 1 To to TO cord-311172-4uk2y206 91 2 which which WDT cord-311172-4uk2y206 91 3 extent extent NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 91 4 this this DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 91 5 can can MD cord-311172-4uk2y206 91 6 be be VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 91 7 most most RBS cord-311172-4uk2y206 91 8 effectively effectively RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 91 9 achieved achieve VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 91 10 mostly mostly RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 91 11 by by IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 91 12 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 91 13 language language NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 91 14 adjustments adjustment NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 91 15 ' ' POS cord-311172-4uk2y206 91 16 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 91 17 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 91 18 resilience resilience NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 91 19 strengthening strengthening NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 91 20 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 91 21 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 91 22 similar similar JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 91 23 efforts effort NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 91 24 suggested suggest VBD cord-311172-4uk2y206 91 25 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 91 26 everyone everyone NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 91 27 may may MD cord-311172-4uk2y206 91 28 consider consider VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 91 29 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 91 30 guess guess VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 91 31 for for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 91 32 themselves -PRON- PRP cord-311172-4uk2y206 91 33 also also RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 91 34 since since IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 91 35 current current JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 91 36 scientific scientific JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 91 37 knowledge knowledge NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 91 38 does do VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 91 39 not not RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 91 40 provide provide VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 91 41 much much JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 91 42 conceptual conceptual JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 91 43 clarity clarity NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 91 44 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 91 45 substantive substantive JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 91 46 evidence evidence NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 92 1 what what WDT cord-311172-4uk2y206 92 2 such such JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 92 3 efforts effort NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 92 4 tangible tangible JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 92 5 mean mean NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 92 6 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 92 7 can can MD cord-311172-4uk2y206 92 8 accomplish accomplish VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 92 9 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 92 10 material material JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 92 11 reality reality NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 92 12 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 93 1 The the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 93 2 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 93 3 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 93 4 effects effect NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 93 5 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 93 6 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 93 7 for for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 93 8 substance substance NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 93 9 use use NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 93 10 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 93 11 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 93 12 both both CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 93 13 meaningful meaningful JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 93 14 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 93 15 realistic realistic JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 93 16 ways way NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 93 17 towards towards IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 93 18 addressing address VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 93 19 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 93 20 working work VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 93 21 to to TO cord-311172-4uk2y206 93 22 resolve resolve VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 93 23 these these DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 93 24 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 93 25 however however RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 93 26 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 93 27 can can MD cord-311172-4uk2y206 93 28 be be VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 93 29 assumed assume VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 93 30 to to TO cord-311172-4uk2y206 93 31 be be VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 93 32 much much RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 93 33 more more RBR cord-311172-4uk2y206 93 34 complex complex JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 93 35 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 93 36 challenging challenging JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 93 37 than than IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 93 38 what what WP cord-311172-4uk2y206 93 39 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 93 40 above above RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 93 41 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 93 42 cited cite VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 93 43 two two CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 93 44 documents document NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 93 45 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 93 46 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-311172-4uk2y206 93 47 -rather -rather NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 93 48 narrow narrow JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 93 49 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 93 50 if if IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 93 51 not not RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 93 52 simplistic simplistic JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 93 53 -accounts -account NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 93 54 suggest suggest VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 93 55 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 94 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-311172-4uk2y206 94 2 may may MD cord-311172-4uk2y206 94 3 be be VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 94 4 so so RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 94 5 described describe VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 94 6 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 94 7 since since IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 94 8 they -PRON- PRP cord-311172-4uk2y206 94 9 present present VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 94 10 only only RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 94 11 limited limit VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 94 12 insights insight NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 94 13 on on IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 94 14 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 94 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 94 16 e.g. e.g. RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 94 17 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 94 18 structural structural JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 94 19 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 94 20 social social JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 94 21 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 94 22 individual individual JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 94 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 94 24 causes cause NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 94 25 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 94 26 drivers driver NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 94 27 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 94 28 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 94 29 for for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 94 30 substance substance NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 94 31 use use NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 94 32 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 94 33 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 94 34 possible possible JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 94 35 promising promising JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 94 36 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 94 37 effective effective JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 94 38 remedies remedy NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 94 39 for for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 94 40 material material NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 94 41 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 94 42 sustained sustained JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 94 43 change change NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 94 44 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 94 45 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 94 46 lives life NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 94 47 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 94 48 those those DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 94 49 concerned concern VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 94 50 ( ( -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 94 51 i.e. i.e. FW cord-311172-4uk2y206 94 52 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 94 53 substance substance NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 94 54 users user NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 94 55 ) ) -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 94 56 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 95 1 These these DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 95 2 factors factor NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 95 3 require require VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 95 4 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 95 5 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 95 6 deserve deserve VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 95 7 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 95 8 deeper deep JJR cord-311172-4uk2y206 95 9 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 95 10 better well JJR cord-311172-4uk2y206 95 11 examination examination NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 95 12 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 95 13 analysis analysis NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 95 14 for for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 95 15 realistic realistic JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 95 16 contributions contribution NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 95 17 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 95 18 improvements improvement NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 95 19 for for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 95 20 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 95 21 important important JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 95 22 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 95 23 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 95 24 related relate VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 95 25 causes cause NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 95 26 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 95 27 issues issue NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 95 28 at at IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 95 29 handespecially handespecially RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 95 30 from from IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 95 31 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 95 32 leading lead VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 95 33 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 95 34 privileged privileged JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 95 35 authorities authority NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 95 36 from from IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 95 37 which which WDT cord-311172-4uk2y206 95 38 have have VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 95 39 put put VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 95 40 forward forward RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 95 41 these these DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 95 42 reports report NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 95 43 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 96 1 First first RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 96 2 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 96 3 foremost foremost RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 96 4 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 96 5 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 96 6 quintessential quintessential JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 96 7 causal causal JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 96 8 role role NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 96 9 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 96 10 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 96 11 criminalization criminalization NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 96 12 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 96 13 illicit illicit JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 96 14 substance substance NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 96 15 use use NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 96 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 96 17 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 96 18 thereby thereby RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 96 19 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-311172-4uk2y206 96 20 users user NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 96 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 96 22 for for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 96 23 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 96 24 pervasive pervasive JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 96 25 production production NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 96 26 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 96 27 structural structural JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 96 28 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 96 29 needs need VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 96 30 to to TO cord-311172-4uk2y206 96 31 feature feature VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 96 32 prominent prominent JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 96 33 recognition recognition NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 96 34 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 96 35 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 96 36 related related JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 96 37 calls call NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 96 38 for for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 96 39 change change NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 96 40 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 96 41 such such PDT cord-311172-4uk2y206 96 42 a a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 96 43 campaign campaign NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 96 44 if if IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 96 45 sincerely sincerely RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 96 46 committed commit VBD cord-311172-4uk2y206 96 47 to to IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 96 48 effective effective JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 96 49 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 96 50 material material JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 96 51 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 96 52 reduction reduction NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 96 53 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 97 1 There there EX cord-311172-4uk2y206 97 2 appear appear VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 97 3 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 97 4 however however RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 97 5 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 97 6 a a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 97 7 couple couple NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 97 8 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 97 9 other other JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 97 10 latent latent JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 97 11 risks risk NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 97 12 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 97 13 adverse adverse JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 97 14 effects effect NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 97 15 associated associate VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 97 16 with with IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 97 17 this this DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 97 18 kind kind NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 97 19 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 97 20 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 97 21 en en IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 97 22 passant'kind passant'kind NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 97 23 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 97 24 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 97 25 anti anti JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 97 26 - - JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 97 27 stigma stigma JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 97 28 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 97 29 presentation presentation NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 97 30 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 97 31 campaigning campaigning NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 97 32 that that WDT cord-311172-4uk2y206 97 33 avoids avoid VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 97 34 to to TO cord-311172-4uk2y206 97 35 name name VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 97 36 core core NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 97 37 causes cause NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 97 38 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 97 39 elements element NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 97 40 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 98 1 One one CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 98 2 is be VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 98 3 that that IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 98 4 it -PRON- PRP cord-311172-4uk2y206 98 5 can can MD cord-311172-4uk2y206 98 6 be be VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 98 7 dangerously dangerously RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 98 8 seductive seductive JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 98 9 as as IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 98 10 a a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 98 11 self self NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 98 12 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 98 13 righteous righteous JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 98 14 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 98 15 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 98 16 serving serve VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 98 17 platform platform NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 98 18 on on IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 98 19 which which WDT cord-311172-4uk2y206 98 20 now now RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 98 21 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 98 22 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 98 23 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 98 24 is be VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 98 25 staged stage VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 98 26 as as IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 98 27 a a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 98 28 convenient convenient JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 98 29 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 98 30 general general JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 98 31 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 98 32 principal principal JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 98 33 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 98 34 scapegoat scapegoat NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 98 35 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 98 36 for for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 98 37 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 98 38 opioid opioid JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 98 39 crisis crisis NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 98 40 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 98 41 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 98 42 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-311172-4uk2y206 98 43 ongoing ongoing JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 98 44 massive massive JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 98 45 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 98 46 persistent persistent JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 98 47 harms harm NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 98 48 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 1 Calling call VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 2 out out RP cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 3 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 4 rejecting reject VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 5 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 6 fighting fight VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 7 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 8 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 9 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 10 as as IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 11 a a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 12 socially socially RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 13 shared share VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 14 villainous villainous JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 15 forceakin forceakin NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 16 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 17 for for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 18 example example NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 19 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 20 to to IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 21 N. N. NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 22 Christie Christie NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 23 's 's POS cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 24 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 25 suitable suitable JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 26 enemy enemy NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 27 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 28 concept concept NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 29 for for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 30 illicit illicit JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 31 drugs drug NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 33 39]is 39]is CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 34 somewhat somewhat RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 35 similar similar JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 36 to to IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 37 promoting promote VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 38 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 39 motherhood motherhood NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 40 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 41 apple apple NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 42 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 43 pie pie NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 44 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 45 ( ( -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 46 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 47 supporting support VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 48 justice justice NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 49 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 50 equality equality NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 51 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 52 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 53 peace peace NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 54 for for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 55 all all DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 56 ) ) -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 57 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 58 while while IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 59 rather rather RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 60 limited limit VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 61 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 62 applied apply VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 63 value value NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 64 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 65 impact impact NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 66 if if IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 67 mainly mainly RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 68 remaining remain VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 69 at at IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 70 rhetorical rhetorical JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 71 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 72 symbolic symbolic JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 73 levels level NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 74 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 75 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 76 not not RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 77 realistically realistically RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 78 translated translate VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 79 into into IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 80 necessary necessary JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 81 material material JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 82 action action NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 83 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 84 change change NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 85 at at IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 86 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 87 causal causal JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 88 foundations foundation NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 99 89 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 1 The the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 2 other other JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 3 is be VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 4 that that IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 5 such such JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 6 social social JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 7 campaigns campaign NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 8 may may MD cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 10 too too RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 11 easily easily RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 12 ) ) -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 13 serve serve VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 14 as as IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 15 a a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 16 distraction distraction NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 17 from from IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 18 those those DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 19 tangible tangible JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 20 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 21 structural structural JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 22 actions action NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 23 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 24 measures measure NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 25 urgently urgently RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 26 required require VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 27 to to TO cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 28 improve improve VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 29 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 30 protect protect VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 31 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 32 existential existential JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 33 real real JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 34 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 35 life life NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 36 conditions condition NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 37 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 38 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 39 elementary elementary JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 40 health health NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 41 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 42 wellbeing wellbeing NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 43 ( ( -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 44 including include VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 45 basic basic JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 46 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 47 daily daily JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 48 survival survival NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 49 through through IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 50 effective effective JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 51 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 52 comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 53 overdose overdose NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 54 prevention prevention NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 55 services service NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 56 ) ) -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 57 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 58 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 59 many many JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 60 at at IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 61 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 62 risk risk NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 63 opioid opioid NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 64 ( ( -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 65 or or CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 66 all all DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 67 substance substance NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 68 ) ) -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 69 users user NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 100 70 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 101 1 The the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 101 2 current current JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 101 3 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 101 4 long long RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 101 5 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 101 6 lasting last VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 101 7 fight fight NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 101 8 against against IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 101 9 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 101 10 opioid opioid JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 101 11 public public JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 101 12 health health NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 101 13 crisis crisis NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 101 14 will will MD cord-311172-4uk2y206 101 15 not not RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 101 16 be be VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 101 17 won win VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 101 18 by by IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 101 19 campaigns campaign NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 101 20 against against IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 101 21 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 101 22 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 101 23 itself -PRON- PRP cord-311172-4uk2y206 101 24 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 1 Rather rather RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 2 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 3 fundamental fundamental JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 4 drug drug NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 5 law law NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 6 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 7 policy policy NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 8 reform reform NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 9 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 10 i.e. i.e. FW cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 11 purging purge VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 12 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 13 intent intent JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 14 criminalization criminalization NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 16 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 17 related related JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 18 material material JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 19 stigmatization stigmatization NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 21 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 22 drug drug NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 23 use use NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 24 / / SYM cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 25 possession possession NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 26 as as IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 27 a a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 28 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 29 criminal criminal JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 30 act act NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 31 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 32 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 33 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 34 consequentially consequentially RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 35 defining define VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 36 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 37 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 38 user user NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 39 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 40 as as IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 41 a a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 42 criminal criminal JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 43 being being NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 44 with with IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 45 all all DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 46 adverse adverse JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 47 consequencesincluding consequencesincluding NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 48 fundamentally fundamentally RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 49 negative negative JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 50 stigmathat stigmathat NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 51 entails entail VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 52 is be VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 53 a a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 54 ( ( -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 55 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 56 ) ) -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 57 foremost foremost JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 58 action action NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 59 priority priority NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 60 for for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 61 this this DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 62 end end NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 63 [ [ -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 64 40 40 CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 65 ] ] -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 102 66 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 103 1 Much much JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 103 2 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 103 3 this this DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 103 4 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 103 5 if if IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 103 6 materially materially RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 103 7 enacted enact VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 103 8 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 103 9 will will MD cord-311172-4uk2y206 103 10 provide provide VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 103 11 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 103 12 bring bring VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 103 13 fundamentally fundamentally RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 103 14 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 103 15 de de JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 103 16 - - JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 103 17 stigmatizing stigmatize VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 103 18 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 103 19 effects effect NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 103 20 for for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 103 21 substance substance NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 103 22 users user NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 103 23 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 103 24 many many JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 103 25 crucial crucial JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 103 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 103 27 direct direct JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 103 28 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 103 29 indirect indirect JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 103 30 ) ) -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 103 31 ways way NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 103 32 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 104 1 No no DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 104 2 such such JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 104 3 measures measure NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 104 4 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 104 5 however however RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 104 6 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 104 7 are be VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 104 8 clearly clearly RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 104 9 laid lay VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 104 10 out out RP cord-311172-4uk2y206 104 11 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 104 12 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 104 13 report report NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 104 14 documents document NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 104 15 mentioned mention VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 104 16 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 104 17 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 104 18 thus thus RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 104 19 form form VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 104 20 quintessential quintessential JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 104 21 gaps gap NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 104 22 towards towards IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 104 23 substantive substantive JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 104 24 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 104 25 effective effective JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 104 26 anti anti JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 104 27 - - JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 104 28 stigma stigma JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 104 29 efforts effort NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 104 30 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 104 31 this this DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 104 32 realm realm NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 104 33 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 105 1 Concretely concretely RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 105 2 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 105 3 after after IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 105 4 > > XX cord-311172-4uk2y206 105 5 25,000 25,000 CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 105 6 opioid opioid JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 105 7 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 105 8 related relate VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 105 9 deaths death NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 105 10 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 105 11 merely merely RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 105 12 a a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 105 13 decade decade NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 105 14 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 105 15 Canada Canada NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 105 16 yet yet RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 105 17 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 105 18 2020 2020 CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 105 19 lacks lack VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 105 20 essential essential JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 105 21 elements element NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 105 22 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 105 23 a a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 105 24 comprehensive comprehensive JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 105 25 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 105 26 consistent consistent JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 105 27 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 105 28 committed committed JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 105 29 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 105 30 public public JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 105 31 health health NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 105 32 emergency emergency NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 105 33 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 105 34 strategy strategy NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 105 35 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 105 36 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 105 37 essential essential JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 105 38 public public JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 105 39 health health NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 105 40 interventions intervention NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 105 41 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 105 42 including include VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 105 43 reliable reliable JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 105 44 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 105 45 national national JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 105 46 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 105 47 safer safe JJR cord-311172-4uk2y206 105 48 opioid opioid NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 105 49 distribution distribution NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 105 50 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 105 51 provisions provision NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 105 52 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 105 53 for for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 105 54 at at IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 105 55 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 105 56 risk risk NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 105 57 opioid opioid NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 105 58 users user NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 105 59 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 2 is be VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 3 when when WRB cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 4 these these DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 5 urgent urgent JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 6 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 7 material material JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 8 remedy remedy NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 9 needs need NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 10 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 11 action action NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 12 gaps gap NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 13 are be VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 14 effectively effectively RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 15 addressed address VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 16 by by IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 17 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 18 health health NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 19 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 20 policy policy NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 21 leaders leader NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 22 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 23 charge charge NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 24 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 25 we -PRON- PRP cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 26 should should MD cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 27 devote devote VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 28 resources resource NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 29 to to IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 30 an an DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 31 improved improved JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 32 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 33 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 34 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 35 depth depth NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 36 understanding understanding NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 37 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 38 effective effective JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 39 addressing addressing NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 40 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 41 what what WP cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 42 may may MD cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 43 be be VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 44 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 45 remaining remain VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 46 elements element NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 47 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 48 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 49 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 50 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 51 real real NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 52 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 53 substance substance NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 54 use use NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 55 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 56 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 57 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 58 people people NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 59 who who WP cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 60 use use VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 61 them -PRON- PRP cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 62 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 106 63 _SP cord-311172-4uk2y206 107 1 Non non JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 107 2 - - JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 107 3 medical medical JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 107 4 opioid opioid NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 107 5 use use NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 107 6 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 107 7 harms harm NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 107 8 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 107 9 interventions intervention NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 107 10 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 107 11 Canada Canada NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 107 12 -a -a NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 107 13 10-year 10-year CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 107 14 update update NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 107 15 on on IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 107 16 an an DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 107 17 unprecedented unprecedented JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 107 18 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 107 19 unabating unabate VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 107 20 substance substance NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 107 21 use use NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 107 22 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 107 23 related relate VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 107 24 public public JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 107 25 health health NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 107 26 crisis crisis NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 107 27 Measuring measure VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 107 28 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 107 29 burden burden NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 107 30 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 107 31 opioid opioid NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 107 32 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 107 33 related relate VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 107 34 mortality mortality NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 107 35 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 107 36 Ontario Ontario NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 107 37 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 107 38 Canada Canada NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 107 39 Opioid opioid NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 107 40 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 107 41 related relate VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 107 42 harms harm NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 107 43 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 107 44 Canada Canada NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 107 45 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 108 1 Ottawa Ottawa NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 108 2 : : : cord-311172-4uk2y206 109 1 Government government NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 109 2 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 109 3 Canada Canada NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 110 1 At at IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 110 2 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 110 3 a a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 110 4 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 110 5 glance glance NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 110 6 : : : cord-311172-4uk2y206 110 7 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 110 8 impact impact NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 110 9 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 110 10 poisoning poisoning NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 110 11 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 110 12 related relate VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 110 13 mortality mortality NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 110 14 on on IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 110 15 life life NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 110 16 expectancy expectancy NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 110 17 at at IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 110 18 birth birth NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 110 19 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 110 20 Canada Canada NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 111 1 public public JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 111 2 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 111 3 health health NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 111 4 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 111 5 officer officer NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 111 6 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 111 7 reports report NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 111 8 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 111 9 state state NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 111 10 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 111 11 public public JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 111 12 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 111 13 health health NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 111 14 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 111 15 canada/ canada/ '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 112 1 addressing-stigmatoward-more-inclusive-health-system.html addressing-stigmatoward-more-inclusive-health-system.html CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 112 2 Mental Mental NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 112 3 Health Health NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 112 4 Commission Commission NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 112 5 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 112 6 Canada Canada NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 112 7 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 113 1 Stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 113 2 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 113 3 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 113 4 opioid opioid JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 113 5 crisis crisis NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 113 6 : : : cord-311172-4uk2y206 113 7 final final JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 113 8 report report NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 113 9 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 114 1 Ottawa Ottawa NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 114 2 : : : cord-311172-4uk2y206 115 1 Mental Mental NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 115 2 Health Health NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 115 3 Commission Commission NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 115 4 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 115 5 Canada Canada NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 115 6 Stigma Stigma NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 115 7 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 115 8 negative negative JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 115 9 attitudes attitude NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 115 10 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 115 11 discrimination discrimination NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 115 12 towards towards IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 115 13 mental mental JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 115 14 illness illness NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 115 15 within within IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 115 16 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 115 17 nursing nursing NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 115 18 profession profession NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 115 19 : : : cord-311172-4uk2y206 116 1 a a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 116 2 review review NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 116 3 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 116 4 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 116 5 literature literature NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 116 6 Stigma Stigma NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 116 7 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 116 8 social social JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 116 9 inequality inequality NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 116 10 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 116 11 alcohol alcohol NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 116 12 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 116 13 drug drug NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 116 14 use use NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 116 15 Substance Substance NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 116 16 use use VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 116 17 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 116 18 as as IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 116 19 a a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 116 20 barrier barrier NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 116 21 to to IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 116 22 treatment treatment NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 116 23 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 116 24 recovery recovery NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 116 25 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 117 1 Addiction addiction NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 117 2 medicine medicine NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 117 3 Managing manage VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 117 4 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 117 5 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 117 6 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 117 7 opioid opioid JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 117 8 use use NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 117 9 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 118 1 Healthcare Healthcare NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 118 2 management management NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 118 3 forum forum NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 119 1 Naming name VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 119 2 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 119 3 as as IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 119 4 a a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 119 5 public public JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 119 6 health health NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 119 7 crisis crisis NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 119 8 is be VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 119 9 brave brave JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 119 10 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 119 11 bold bold JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 119 12 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 119 13 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 119 14 necessary necessary JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 119 15 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 120 1 Ottawa Ottawa NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 121 1 The the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 121 2 pathological pathological JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 121 3 politics politic NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 121 4 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 121 5 criminal criminal JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 121 6 law law NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 121 7 Norms norm NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 121 8 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 121 9 criminal criminal JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 121 10 law law NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 121 11 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 121 12 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 121 13 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 121 14 norms norm NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 121 15 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 121 16 criminal criminal JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 121 17 law law NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 121 18 scholarship scholarship NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 121 19 The the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 121 20 public public JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 121 21 health health NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 121 22 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 121 23 social social JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 121 24 impacts impact NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 121 25 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 121 26 drug drug NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 121 27 market market NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 121 28 enforcement enforcement NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 121 29 : : : cord-311172-4uk2y206 122 1 a a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 122 2 review review NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 122 3 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 122 4 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 122 5 evidence evidence NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 122 6 HIV HIV NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 122 7 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 122 8 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 122 9 criminalisation criminalisation NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 122 10 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 122 11 drug drug NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 122 12 use use NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 122 13 among among IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 122 14 people people NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 122 15 who who WP cord-311172-4uk2y206 122 16 inject inject VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 122 17 drugs drug NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 122 18 : : : cord-311172-4uk2y206 122 19 a a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 122 20 systematic systematic JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 122 21 review review NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 122 22 Policy policy NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 122 23 resistance resistance NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 122 24 to to TO cord-311172-4uk2y206 122 25 harm harm VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 122 26 reduction reduction NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 122 27 for for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 122 28 drug drug NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 122 29 users user NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 122 30 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 122 31 potential potential JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 122 32 effect effect NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 122 33 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 122 34 change change NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 122 35 Canada Canada NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 122 36 's 's POS cord-311172-4uk2y206 122 37 forgotten forget VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 122 38 public public JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 122 39 health health NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 122 40 emergency emergency NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 122 41 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 122 42 : : : cord-311172-4uk2y206 122 43 opioid opioid JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 122 44 crisis crisis NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 122 45 rages rage VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 122 46 amid amid IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 122 47 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 122 48 ndemic ndemic NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 122 49 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 122 50 says say VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 122 51 former former JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 122 52 Harper Harper NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 122 53 aide aide NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 122 54 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 123 1 Ottawa Ottawa NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 1 With with IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 2 3,996 3,996 CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 3 opioid opioid JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 4 deaths death NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 5 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 6 1 1 CD cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 7 year year NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 8 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 9 Canada Canada NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 10 has have VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 11 n't not RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 12 called call VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 13 a a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 14 ' ' `` cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 15 public public JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 16 health health NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 17 emergency emergency NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 18 Correlations correlation NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 19 between between IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 20 opioid opioid JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 21 mortality mortality NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 22 increases increase NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 23 related relate VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 24 to to IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 25 illicit illicit JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 26 / / SYM cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 27 synthetic synthetic JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 28 opioids opioid NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 29 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 30 reductions reduction NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 31 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 32 medical medical JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 33 opioid opioid NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 34 dispensing dispense VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 35 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 36 exploratory exploratory JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 37 analyses analysis NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 38 from from IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 39 Canada Canada NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 40 Contributions Contributions NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 41 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 42 prescribed prescribed JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 43 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 44 non non JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 45 - - JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 46 prescribed prescribed JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 47 opioids opioid NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 48 to to IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 49 opioid opioid JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 50 related relate VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 51 deaths death NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 52 : : : cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 53 population population NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 54 based base VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 55 cohort cohort NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 56 study study NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 57 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 58 Ontario Ontario NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 59 Safer Safer NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 60 opioid opioid JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 61 distribution distribution NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 62 ' ' '' cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 63 as as IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 64 an an DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 65 essential essential JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 66 public public JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 67 health health NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 68 intervention intervention NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 69 for for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 70 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 71 opioid opioid JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 72 mortality mortality NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 73 crisis crisis NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 74 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 75 considerations consideration NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 76 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 77 options option NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 78 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 79 models model NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 80 towards towards IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 81 broad broad RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 82 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 83 based base VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 124 84 implementation implementation NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 125 1 Applying apply VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 125 2 principles principle NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 125 3 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 125 4 injury injury NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 125 5 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 125 6 infectious infectious JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 125 7 disease disease NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 125 8 control control NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 125 9 to to IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 125 10 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 125 11 opioid opioid JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 125 12 mortality mortality NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 125 13 epidemic epidemic NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 125 14 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 125 15 North North NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 125 16 America America NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 125 17 : : : cord-311172-4uk2y206 125 18 critical critical JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 125 19 intervention intervention NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 125 20 gaps gap NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 125 21 Social social JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 125 22 control control NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 125 23 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 125 24 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 125 25 drinking drinking NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 125 26 driver driver NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 125 27 Stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 125 28 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 125 29 smoking smoking NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 125 30 : : : cord-311172-4uk2y206 126 1 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 126 2 consequences consequence NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 126 3 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 126 4 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-311172-4uk2y206 126 5 good good JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 126 6 intentions intention NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 126 7 Unravelling unravel VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 126 8 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 126 9 contexts contexts NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 126 10 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 126 11 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 126 12 : : : cord-311172-4uk2y206 126 13 from from IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 126 14 internalisation internalisation NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 126 15 to to IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 126 16 resistance resistance NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 126 17 to to TO cord-311172-4uk2y206 126 18 change change VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 126 19 Crude crude JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 126 20 estimates estimate NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 126 21 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 126 22 prescription prescription NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 126 23 opioid opioid NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 126 24 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 126 25 related relate VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 126 26 misuse misuse NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 126 27 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 126 28 use use VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 126 29 disorder disorder NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 126 30 populations population NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 126 31 towards towards IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 126 32 informing inform VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 126 33 intervention intervention NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 126 34 system system NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 126 35 need need VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 126 36 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 126 37 Canada Canada NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 126 38 Effective effective JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 126 39 Canadian canadian JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 126 40 policy policy NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 126 41 to to TO cord-311172-4uk2y206 126 42 reduce reduce VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 126 43 harms harm NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 126 44 from from IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 126 45 prescription prescription NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 126 46 opioids opioid NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 126 47 : : : cord-311172-4uk2y206 126 48 learning learn VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 126 49 from from IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 126 50 past past JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 126 51 failures failure NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 127 1 The the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 127 2 promotion promotion NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 127 3 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 127 4 marketing marketing NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 127 5 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 127 6 oxycontin oxycontin NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 127 7 : : : cord-311172-4uk2y206 127 8 commercial commercial JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 127 9 triumph triumph NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 127 10 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 127 11 public public JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 127 12 health health NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 127 13 tragedy tragedy NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 128 1 Current current JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 128 2 approaches approach NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 128 3 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 128 4 tamper tamper NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 128 5 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 128 6 resistant resistant JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 128 7 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 128 8 abuse abuse NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 128 9 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 128 10 deterrent deterrent NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 128 11 formulations formulation NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 128 12 Drug Drug NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 128 13 policy policy NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 128 14 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 128 15 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 128 16 public public JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 128 17 good good NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 129 1 The the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 129 2 association association NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 129 3 between between IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 129 4 perceived perceived JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 129 5 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 129 6 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 129 7 substance substance NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 129 8 use use VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 129 9 disorder disorder NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 129 10 treatment treatment NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 129 11 outcomes outcome NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 129 12 : : : cord-311172-4uk2y206 129 13 a a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 129 14 review review NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 129 15 Stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 129 16 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 129 17 substance substance NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 129 18 use use NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 129 19 disorders disorder NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 129 20 : : : cord-311172-4uk2y206 129 21 an an DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 129 22 international international JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 129 23 phenomenon phenomenon NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 1 The the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 2 stigmatization stigmatization NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 3 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 4 problem problem NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 5 drug drug NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 6 users user NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 7 : : : cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 8 a a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 9 narrative narrative NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 10 literature literature NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 11 review review NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 12 Substance substance NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 13 use use VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 14 related related JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 15 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 16 : : : cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 17 what what WP cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 18 we -PRON- PRP cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 19 know know VBP cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 20 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 21 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 22 way way NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 23 forward forward RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 24 Stigma Stigma NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 25 among among IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 26 health health NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 27 professionals professional NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 28 towards towards IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 29 patients patient NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 30 with with IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 31 substance substance NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 32 use use NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 33 disorders disorder NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 34 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 35 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 36 consequences consequence NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 37 for for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 38 healthcare healthcare NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 39 delivery delivery NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 40 : : : cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 41 systematic systematic JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 42 review review NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 43 The the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 44 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 45 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 46 interventions intervention NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 47 for for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 48 reducing reduce VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 49 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 50 related relate VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 51 to to IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 52 substance substance NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 53 use use NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 54 disorders disorder NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 55 : : : cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 56 a a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 57 systematic systematic JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 58 review review NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 59 Reducing reduce VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 60 stigma stigma NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 61 towards towards IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 62 substance substance NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 63 users user NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 64 through through IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 65 an an DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 66 educational educational JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 67 intervention intervention NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 68 : : : cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 69 harder hard JJR cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 70 than than IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 71 it -PRON- PRP cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 72 looks look VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 73 A a DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 74 quiet quiet JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 75 revolution revolution NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 76 : : : cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 77 drug drug NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 78 decriminalisation decriminalisation NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 79 policies policy NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 80 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 81 practice practice NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 82 across across IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 83 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 84 globe globe NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 130 85 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 131 1 United United NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 131 2 Kingdom Kingdom NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 131 3 : : : cord-311172-4uk2y206 132 1 Release release NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 132 2 -Drugs -drug VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 132 3 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 133 1 The the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 133 2 Law Law NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 133 3 & & CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 133 4 Human Human NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 133 5 Rights Rights NNPS cord-311172-4uk2y206 133 6 Publisher Publisher NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 133 7 's 's POS cord-311172-4uk2y206 133 8 Note Note NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 133 9 Springer Springer NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 133 10 Nature Nature NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 133 11 remains remain VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 133 12 neutral neutral JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 133 13 with with IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 133 14 regard regard NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 133 15 to to IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 133 16 jurisdictional jurisdictional JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 133 17 claims claim NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 133 18 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 133 19 published publish VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 133 20 maps map NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 133 21 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 133 22 institutional institutional JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 133 23 affiliations affiliation NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 133 24 Not not RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 133 25 applicable applicable JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 133 26 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 134 1 Author author NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 134 2 's 's POS cord-311172-4uk2y206 134 3 contributions contribution NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 134 4 BF BF NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 134 5 was be VBD cord-311172-4uk2y206 134 6 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 134 7 sole sole JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 134 8 contributor contributor NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 134 9 for for IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 134 10 conceptualizing conceptualize VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 134 11 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 134 12 developing develop VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 134 13 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 134 14 drafting draft VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 134 15 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 134 16 submitted submit VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 134 17 manuscript manuscript NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 134 18 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 135 1 The the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 135 2 author author NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 135 3 read read VBD cord-311172-4uk2y206 135 4 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 135 5 approved approve VBD cord-311172-4uk2y206 135 6 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 135 7 final final JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 135 8 manuscript manuscript NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 135 9 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 136 1 Dr. Dr. NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 136 2 Fischer Fischer NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 136 3 acknowledges acknowledge VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 136 4 research research NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 136 5 support support NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 136 6 from from IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 136 7 the the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 136 8 endowed endow VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 136 9 Hugh Hugh NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 136 10 Green Green NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 136 11 Foundation Foundation NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 136 12 Chair Chair NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 136 13 in in IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 136 14 Addiction Addiction NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 136 15 Research Research NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 136 16 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 136 17 Faculty Faculty NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 136 18 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 136 19 Medical Medical NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 136 20 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 136 21 Health Health NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 136 22 Sciences Sciences NNPS cord-311172-4uk2y206 136 23 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 136 24 University University NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 136 25 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 136 26 Auckland Auckland NNP cord-311172-4uk2y206 136 27 ; ; : cord-311172-4uk2y206 136 28 he -PRON- PRP cord-311172-4uk2y206 136 29 furthermore furthermore RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 136 30 reports report VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 136 31 topic topic NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 136 32 - - HYPH cord-311172-4uk2y206 136 33 related relate VBN cord-311172-4uk2y206 136 34 research research NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 136 35 grants grant NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 136 36 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 136 37 contract contract NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 136 38 funding funding NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 136 39 from from IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 136 40 public public JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 136 41 only only RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 136 42 ( ( -LRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 136 43 e.g. e.g. RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 136 44 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 136 45 public public JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 136 46 funding funding NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 136 47 , , , cord-311172-4uk2y206 136 48 government government NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 136 49 agencies agency NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 136 50 ) ) -RRB- cord-311172-4uk2y206 136 51 sources source NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 136 52 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 137 1 Availability availability NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 137 2 of of IN cord-311172-4uk2y206 137 3 data datum NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 137 4 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 137 5 materials material NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 137 6 Not not RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 137 7 applicable applicable JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 137 8 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 137 9 _SP cord-311172-4uk2y206 138 1 Ethics ethic NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 138 2 approval approval NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 138 3 and and CC cord-311172-4uk2y206 138 4 consent consent NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 138 5 to to TO cord-311172-4uk2y206 138 6 participate participate VB cord-311172-4uk2y206 138 7 Not not RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 138 8 applicable applicable JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 138 9 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 139 1 Not not RB cord-311172-4uk2y206 139 2 applicable applicable JJ cord-311172-4uk2y206 139 3 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 140 1 The the DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 140 2 author author NN cord-311172-4uk2y206 140 3 declares declare VBZ cord-311172-4uk2y206 140 4 no no DT cord-311172-4uk2y206 140 5 competing compete VBG cord-311172-4uk2y206 140 6 interests interest NNS cord-311172-4uk2y206 140 7 . . . cord-311172-4uk2y206 140 8 _SP