Summary of your 'study carrel' ============================== This is a summary of your Distant Reader 'study carrel'. The Distant Reader harvested & cached your content into a collection/corpus. It then applied sets of natural language processing and text mining against the collection. The results of this process was reduced to a database file -- a 'study carrel'. The study carrel can then be queried, thus bringing light specific characteristics for your collection. These characteristics can help you summarize the collection as well as enumerate things you might want to investigate more closely. This report is a terse narrative report, and when processing is complete you will be linked to a more complete narrative report. Eric Lease Morgan Number of items in the collection; 'How big is my corpus?' ---------------------------------------------------------- 65 Average length of all items measured in words; "More or less, how big is each item?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6382 Average readability score of all items (0 = difficult; 100 = easy) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 48 Top 50 statistically significant keywords; "What is my collection about?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 65 Canada 12 COVID-19 9 health 7 Health 5 canadian 4 care 3 covid-19 3 change 3 age 2 system 2 social 2 plan 2 pandemic 2 model 2 indigenous 2 food 2 blood 2 aboriginal 2 Vancouver 2 United 2 States 2 National 2 Act 1 zombie 1 year 1 woman 1 vba 1 urban 1 suicide 1 study 1 student 1 stigma 1 simulation 1 session 1 service 1 rural 1 role 1 result 1 response 1 research 1 race 1 program 1 practice 1 poster 1 population 1 policy 1 people 1 patient 1 participant 1 opioid Top 50 lemmatized nouns; "What is discussed?" --------------------------------------------- 3597 health 1279 care 1152 % 933 system 850 population 838 service 836 community 827 policy 788 case 734 study 708 time 703 datum 636 change 635 risk 619 disease 613 research 612 pandemic 536 level 527 model 508 people 498 country 469 year 464 need 463 group 458 result 451 patient 438 food 435 family 431 information 427 response 423 rate 422 impact 422 analysis 416 government 409 number 402 program 399 practice 380 blood 372 approach 371 infection 371 child 369 plan 361 effect 360 factor 359 use 358 participant 355 cost 353 climate 346 age 343 area Top 50 proper nouns; "What are the names of persons or places?" -------------------------------------------------------------- 1658 Canada 747 Health 633 al 590 et 431 COVID-19 368 . 315 US 243 United 212 Ontario 196 HIV 192 States 186 Canadian 185 L. 172 Public 163 SARS 149 Toronto 122 National 112 March 109 C 107 Table 106 ESTMA 105 World 105 Care 105 America 99 New 98 Quebec 96 Research 96 BC 96 Act 95 • 95 Nova 92 North 91 Nations 91 Canadians 91 AIDS 89 Dr 86 April 84 Community 83 Lynx 81 Vancouver 81 Scotia 81 First 80 Alberta 76 SCID 73 PID 72 Services 69 Pandemic 69 Centre 67 Program 67 Ottawa Top 50 personal pronouns nouns; "To whom are things referred?" ------------------------------------------------------------- 1105 we 1037 it 640 they 286 i 203 them 122 she 116 you 89 us 89 he 62 themselves 50 me 39 itself 38 one 38 her 10 him 8 ourselves 5 himself 4 's 3 yourself 3 s 3 herself 2 myself 1 year….they 1 ya 1 y4a6yan7 1 themand 1 pseudonyms 1 oneself 1 mine 1 mg 1 hers 1 em 1 'em Top 50 lemmatized verbs; "What do things do?" --------------------------------------------- 11531 be 2810 have 1018 use 789 include 682 provide 543 do 506 increase 498 base 473 identify 452 report 438 make 398 develop 345 need 332 relate 314 address 289 give 279 take 274 find 268 require 256 reduce 247 show 243 associate 237 lead 236 live 232 improve 227 suggest 227 follow 219 support 219 see 211 work 208 affect 207 become 205 consider 202 create 192 allow 187 change 186 compare 182 help 181 focus 181 emerge 172 ensure 172 conduct 166 continue 165 result 165 exist 165 describe 162 remain 158 understand 158 examine 158 assess Top 50 lemmatized adjectives and adverbs; "How are things described?" --------------------------------------------------------------------- 1291 not 877 public 836 also 772 more 730 social 720 other 608 high 599 - 580 such 534 well 509 canadian 476 many 392 however 389 only 378 new 373 most 347 low 341 important 340 as 337 first 319 urban 277 different 254 national 252 long 251 available 250 large 240 economic 240 early 237 non 234 key 231 general 230 significant 226 indigenous 223 medical 218 current 213 provincial 211 specific 209 local 208 old 205 aboriginal 193 human 191 global 187 even 186 primary 184 e.g. 183 effective 182 great 180 clinical 179 out 178 often Top 50 lemmatized superlative adjectives; "How are things described to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 122 most 68 good 63 least 58 high 44 Most 35 large 27 great 10 late 10 big 8 bad 6 low 5 young 5 strong 5 early 4 near 3 poor 3 old 3 fast 2 small 2 rich 2 long 2 hard 2 costly 2 busy 2 Least 1 ~e 1 wide 1 wealthy 1 weak 1 tough 1 tall 1 short 1 narrow 1 easy 1 dense 1 dark 1 bright 1 -which 1 -cost 1 -8 1 -5.72 Top 50 lemmatized superlative adverbs; "How do things do to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 251 most 38 least 11 well 1 lowest 1 long 1 hard 1 ecommendatio.ns 1 early Top 50 Internet domains; "What Webbed places are alluded to in this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21 doi.org 4 orcid.org 2 www.theguardian.com 2 github.com 2 creativecommons.org 1 www.who.int 1 www.kaggle.com 1 www.icmje.org 1 www.fda.gov 1 www.dalailama.com 1 www.cbc.ca 1 www.brookings.edu 1 www.biomedcentral.com 1 www 1 pwc.ottawaheart.ca 1 proof.utoronto.ca 1 nationalpost.com 1 justice-project.org 1 geodash.vpd.ca Top 50 URLs; "What is hyperlinked from this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------- 9 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.23.20200147 8 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.24.20201178 2 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.17.20068460 2 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 1 http://www.who.int/ 1 http://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/08/coronavirus-more-countries-will-adopt-italysmeasures-says-austrian-leader 1 http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/mar/13/donald-trump-coronavirusnational-emergency-sketch 1 http://www.kaggle.com/howsmyflattening/covid19-challenges 1 http://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/roles-andresponsibilities/defining-the-role-of-authors-and-contributors.html#two 1 http://www.fda.gov 1 http://www.dalailama.com/messages/tibet/10thmarch-archive/1997 1 http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/britishcolumbia/trans-mountain-pipeline-expansion-support-cost-survey-1 1 http://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-fromchaos/2020/03/09/knowledge-is-power-lessons-learned-from-italys-coronavirus-outbreak/ 1 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2334/8/23/prepub 1 http://www 1 http://pwc.ottawaheart.ca/programs-services/virtualcare)-provide 1 http://proof.utoronto.ca/wpcontent/uploads/2016/06/public-policy-factsheet.pdf 1 http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3945-4950 1 http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8832-9609 1 http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8218-3725 1 http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5081-3593 1 http://nationalpost.com/pmn/health-pmn/coronavirus-testing-in-u-s-not-geared-for-what-weneed-fauci 1 http://justice-project.org/wp-content/ 1 http://github.com/jajsmith/COVID19NonPharmaceuticalInterventions 1 http://github.com/C19-SFU-Econ/data 1 http://geodash.vpd.ca/ 1 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09 1 http://doi.org/10 Top 50 email addresses; "Who are you gonna call?" ------------------------------------------------- 1 tcoutinho@ottawaheart.ca Top 50 positive assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-noun?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 data are available 3 data do not 3 data were not 3 model does not 3 research is also 2 % had bp 2 % had family 2 % were male 2 % were married 2 % were not 2 canada had at 2 canada is likely 2 care is not 2 change is not 2 community are particularly 2 community based organizations 2 community based research 2 countries are also 2 countries is real 2 data are also 2 data were only 2 disease are likely 2 diseases are multifactorial 2 diseases including tuberculosis 2 groups are more 2 health related hardships 2 model following deregulation 2 model is different 2 needs following acute 2 patients are not 2 people are more 2 people make up 2 policies are often 2 population do not 2 research are mixed 2 research is necessary 2 research is not 2 results do not 2 services are available 2 services is essential 2 study did not 2 system is also 2 system is complex 2 systems are essential 1 % had 1dutch 1 % had antibodies 1 % had cholesterols 1 % had current 1 % had ever 1 % had fair Top 50 negative assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-no|not-noun?" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 % had no special 1 % were not satisfied 1 canada had not always 1 care is not as 1 care is not universally 1 change is not insignificant 1 change is not well 1 data were not applicable 1 diseases is not only 1 group were not significantly 1 health are not limited 1 model is not generic 1 models are not able 1 patients are not comfortable 1 patients are not necessarily 1 research is not equivalent 1 results are not comparable 1 risk is not possible 1 study are not representative 1 study made no reference 1 systems are not only 1 time is not well A rudimentary bibliography -------------------------- id = cord-355827-e38itktq author = Adisesh, Anil title = COVID-19 in Canada and the use of Personal Protective Equipment date = 2020-05-18 keywords = Canada; PPE summary = It lists specific micro-organisms including the virus responsible for SARS, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), for which contact and droplet precautions are advised, except during aerosol-generating medical procedures, when airborne precautions are to be instituted. The routine practices and additional precautions lay out in some detail the PPE to be used together with descriptions of the different types of medical grade gloves, masks and respirators, and eye protection. It is noteworthy that if this approach were followed for exposure to SARS-CoV-2, a biosafety Risk Group 3 organism [7], the choice of respiratory protection for any patient encounter for suspected or known COVID-19 disease would be at least a filtering face-piece respirator. Canada usually tends to align closely with US practices, but it is notable that the guidance from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is different in recommending an N95 respirator in all situations for a patient suspected or known to have COVID-19 [9] . doi = 10.1093/occmed/kqaa094 id = cord-283450-w6scpc65 author = Amariei, Raluca title = The United States and Canada as a coupled epidemiological system: An example from hepatitis A date = 2008-02-28 keywords = Canada; canadian summary = The objective of this study was to use dynamic models to investigate the possible effects on hepatitis A incidence in Canada due to (1) implementing vaccination in the US, and (2) varying the volume of travel by Canadians to the US. Our age-structured SEIRV compartmental model stratifies individuals according to epidemiologic status (Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered-Vaccinated) and age class (ages 0-4, 5-9, 10-19, 20-29, 30-39, 40Maternal immunity is short-lived and affects relatively few individuals in a non-endemic country such as Canada, so we do not include it [10] . The rate at which a susceptible person is infected due to travel in endemic countries ( ), and the rate at which a susceptible person is infected by infectious persons due to domestic US transmission ( ) were computed simultaneously using: (1) published data on the true incidence of hepatitis A in the US, adjusted for under-reporting and the probability of jaundice [8] , (2) data on the age-specific proportion of cases attributable to travel in endemic countries [13] , and (3) an assumed form for a "Who Acquires Infection From doi = 10.1186/1471-2334-8-23 id = cord-263650-jxkjn8ld author = Andruske, Cynthia Lee title = Family care across diverse cultures: Re-envisioning using a transnational lens date = 2020-10-20 keywords = Canada; South; age; care; family summary = Specifically, drawing on a broad understanding of care that is consistent with Fisher and Tronto (1990) ; also Tronto, 2013) , the purpose of our study was to explore and compare the relationships between culture and informal family care practices across three diverse ethno-cultural groups: Chinese, South Asians, and Latin Americans living in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Adults self-identifying as Chinese, South Asian, and Latin American, and providing unpaid, informal care or support to someone over the age of 65 needing some level of assistance with activities of daily living, were invited to participate. Even only adult children like Argentinian Rossana pointed out that she had created networks from her family (husband, daughter, and grandchildren, among others) and paid companions as well as her 92-year-old mother''s long-time friends to provide support and care. doi = 10.1016/j.jaging.2020.100892 id = cord-278533-3gpkb8nm author = Appireddy, Ramana title = Tackling the Burden of Neurological Diseases in Canada with Virtual Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond date = 2020-05-12 keywords = Canada; Health; care summary = 3 Virtual health care solutions are one way we can offer transformative changes to the practice of neurological ambulatory care in Canada, in order to meet some of the unmet needs of this challenging patient population. 11 Physicians were able to assess patients more quickly via eVisit than via an in-person encounter, thus increasing the timely availability of health care. 14 Provided through the Ontario Telemedicine Network, eVisits were used exclusively for follow-up of clinical activities like the review of investigations, symptom management, therapeutic decisions, medication titration, other specialist consultations, patient counselling, and education. The high uptake in these clinics is due to multiple factors including the nature of the disease, patient barriers to accessing outpatient care (lack of driving privileges, physical disability, etc.), as well as the limited requirement for detailed hands-on neurological examination during follow-ups for epilepsy and sleep. doi = 10.1017/cjn.2020.92 id = cord-004498-ppiqpj9i author = Bjarnason, Thorarin A. title = COMP Report: A survey of radiation safety regulations for medical imaging x‐ray equipment in Canada date = 2019-09-20 keywords = Canada; ICRP summary = COMP encourages all Canadian jurisdictions to adopt the dose limits and constraints outlined in Health Canada Safety Code 35 with the codicil that the design standards be updated to those outlined in NCRP 147 and BIR 2012. COMP encourages all Canadian jurisdictions to adopt the dose limits and constraints outlined in Health Canada Safety Code 35 with the codicil that the design standards be updated to those outlined in NCRP 147 and BIR 2012. 6 It appears that the BIR recommendations to use a dose constraint of 30% of the dose limit (or 0.3 mSv) would also be applicable to Canadian practice, since this constraint level is already achieved, especially considering the measured values reported here include staff who are exposed to workplace radiation without protection from structural shielding, including technologists who work in FGI procedures. doi = 10.1002/acm2.12708 id = cord-279779-kp6ik8qb author = Blair, A. title = Identifying gaps in COVID-19 health equity data reporting in Canada using a scorecard approach date = 2020-09-25 keywords = Canada; covid-19; figure summary = Method: A scan was performed of provincial and territorial reporting of five data elements (cumulative totals of tests, cases, hospitalizations, deaths and population size) across three units of aggregation (province or territory-level, health regions, and local areas) (15 "overall" indicators), and for two vulnerable settings (long term care and detention facilities) and six social markers (age, sex, immigration status, race/ethnicity, essential worker status, and income) (120 "equity-related" indicators). . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.23.20200147 doi: medRxiv preprint Figure 2 : Overall, province-and territory-level reporting (data availability) on the cumulative total of tests, cases, hospitalizations, and deaths. Though information on population sizes by immigration status, race/ethnicity, and income are available for jurisdictions overall, and by region and local area are all available through the Canadian Census, no province or territory reported on any of the data elements according to these social markers (Figure 4) . doi = 10.1101/2020.09.23.20200147 id = cord-016256-mjgx31n9 author = Brayton, Sean title = The Migrant Monsters of Multiculturalism in Andrew Currie’s Fido date = 2012 keywords = Canada; Comaroff; Fido; canadian; labour; zombie summary = Andrew Currie''s Fido (2006) , for instance, presents a Canadian satire of suburbia that positions the domesticated zombie as both worker and commodity. By presenting alterity through labour (and vice versa), the film provides an entry point into an historical examination of a conservative multicultural agenda in Canada, which presently imagines migrants as an inexpensive remedy to shortages in domestic work, the service industry and healthcare. As I argue below, Currie''s exploited zombie is a provocative symbol of difference, one that resonates with the racial politics of migrant labour and the underside of multiculturalism in Canada. While not conventionally "horrifying", Currie''s film offers an alternative space of multicultural critique where the disruptive presence of the zombie accentuates the "hidden" labour provided, for instance, by migrant workers in Canada and the US. doi = 10.1007/978-94-6091-894-0_16 id = cord-024348-nw3a0qco author = Béland, Daniel title = A Critical Juncture in Fiscal Federalism? Canada''s Response to COVID-19 date = 2020-04-20 keywords = COVID-19; Canada summary = The COVID-19 crisis could trigger a critical juncture for several institutional arrangements in Canada, potentially leading to notable changes in fiscal federalism. The COVID-19 crisis could trigger a critical juncture for several institutional arrangements in Canada, potentially leading to notable changes in fiscal federalism. We argue that intergovernmental power dynamics and the principle of provincial autonomy are particularly important considerations in thinking about fiscal federalism post-COVID-19. Beyond these public rows involving Alberta, fiscal federalism in Canada was also experiencing, prior to the COVID-19 crisis, significant structural challenges that were of concern to many provinces. The Canadian response to COVID-19 and reforms to fiscal transfer arrangements will be shaped by existing policy legacies as much as by current power relations in the federation. Respecting provincial autonomy will likely remain a key political and policy consideration, although the federal government''s dominant fiscal capacity, a considerable source of federal power, could be deployed at a time when the provinces badly need it. doi = 10.1017/s0008423920000323 id = cord-323658-lwr0rcap author = Chen, Innie title = Women''s Issues in Pandemic Times: How COVID-19 Has Exacerbated Gender Inequities for Women in Canada and around the World date = 2020-10-01 keywords = Canada summary = title: Women''s Issues in Pandemic Times: How COVID-19 Has Exacerbated Gender Inequities for Women in Canada and around the World D espite progress in women''s issues in recent decades, there is concern that the COVID-19 pandemic has accentuated existing disparities, causing a reversion to traditional gender roles and adversely affecting the health of many women in Canada, with possible long-lasting physical, psychological, social, and economic effects. As of June 4, 2020, Public Health Agency of Canada weekly updates report that 57% of COVID-19 infections and 54% of deaths are among women. The various economic, social, and physical stressors that women face during the pandemic are undoubtedly having an adverse impact on mental health as well. As a community of dedicated and caring health care providers for women, the obstetriciangynaecologists of Canada must continue to advocate for the long-lasting systemic changes that are needed at all levels of society to ensure gender equity for women, especially during pandemic times. doi = 10.1016/j.jogc.2020.06.010 id = cord-295116-eo887olu author = Chimmula, Vinay Kumar Reddy title = Time Series Forecasting of COVID-19 transmission in Canada Using LSTM Networks() date = 2020-05-08 keywords = Canada; LSTM; covid-19; model summary = title: Time Series Forecasting of COVID-19 transmission in Canada Using LSTM Networks() Based on the public datasets provided by John Hopkins university and Canadian health authority, we have developed a forecasting model of COVID-19 outbreak in Canada using state-of-the-art Deep Learning (DL) models. In this novel research, we evaluated the key features to predict the trends and possible stopping time of the current COVID-19 outbreak in Canada and around the world. In this paper we presented the Long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, a deep learning approach to forecast the future COVID-19 cases. Recurrent LSTM networks has capability to address the limitations of traditional time series forecasting techniques by adapting nonlinearities of given COVID-19 dataset and can result state of the art results on temporal data. Accord-COVID-19 forecasting using LSTM Networks ing to this second model within 10 days, Canada is expected to see exponential growth of confirmed cases. doi = 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.109864 id = cord-273196-ji3suirn author = Ciupa, Kristin title = Enhancing corporate standing, shifting blame: An examination of Canada''s Extractive Sector Transparency Measures Act date = 2020-08-05 keywords = Act; Canada; EITI; ESTMA; Extractive; Global; canadian summary = Created in the context of a global call for extractive industry accountability, as well as increasing scrutiny of Canadian mining activities for alleged human rights and environmental abuses, the ESTMA aims to deter corruption via financial reporting requirements for Canadian extractive firms operating in Canada and abroad. While the Act does mandate disclosures useful to the advocacy community, limited oversight, a lack of standardized reporting and excluded activities under the Act mean that the ESTMA offers limited leverage to substantively address the human and ecological cost of Canada''s extractive industry. As we discuss in specific examples below, the ESTMA also lacks systematized reporting requirements for firms which undermines the ability of civil society organizations to monitor and hold governments accountable based on company disclosures. An exploration of examples of Canadian extractive firms (including Tahoe Resources, DeBeers and Africa Oil Corporation), and their relationship to the ESTMA reporting requirements, reveals the contradictions we have discussed above concerning ESTMA reporting as audit culture transparency. doi = 10.1016/j.exis.2020.07.018 id = cord-349348-9rnvawfa author = Cousineau, J title = Genomics and Public Health Research: Can the State Allow Access to Genomic Databases? date = 2012-05-31 keywords = Act; Canada; Health; Public; Quebec summary = Thus, genomic databases will constitute an important source of information, on the one hand, in order to pursue research aiming to understand better the genetic susceptibility to a disease regarding certain individuals within a population, and on the other, to implement eventually public health interventions. Following an overview of the essential roles of public health and an analysis of relevant Quebec legislation, the precautionary principle is examined as another possible avenue to justify State access to and use of genomic databases for research purposes or, for the management of a pandemic. Ongoing surveillance does not apply "to research and knowledge development activities carried out in the sector of health or social services in particular, by the Institut national de santé publique du Québec" (art. Our analysis of the pandemic influenza recommendations proposed by the World Health Organization, Canada and Quebec, all of which are important planning instruments, centers on the four principal functions of public health: monitoring, promotion, prevention and protection. doi = nan id = cord-025768-tz5jajeb author = Deaton, B. James title = Food security and Canada''s agricultural system challenged by COVID‐19 date = 2020-04-26 keywords = COVID-19; Canada; food summary = The loss of income associated with COVID-19 is expected to increase measures of food insecurity as derived from the Household Food Security Survey Module (HFSSM) of the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS), conducted by Statistics Canada. Importantly, by this measure, the income shock associated with COVID-19 will likely increase the prevalence of households identified as food insecure. Another unique aspect of COVID-19 is that the policies of social distancing significantly limit the range of public agency, university, organizational, and entrepreneurial responses that might accompany other recoveries and serve to stabilize household income-thereby reducing food insecurity. From the perspective of food insecurity as measured by the Canadian Community Health Survey, COVID-19 is a unique "income shock" that is expected to increase the prevalence of household food insecurity. Moreover, because this income shock is associated with unique detrimental health effects, COVID-19 has the potential to increase the proportion of households identified as "moderately" and "severely"'' food insecure. doi = 10.1111/cjag.12227 id = cord-335461-wjsyun4i author = Draper, Jon title = Stem Cell Network date = 2020-07-02 keywords = Canada; SCN summary = As Canada''s only national network and leader for stem cell research and regenerative medicine, SCN has led the way in building a vibrant sector that is yielding scientific advancements, fuelling clinical trials and enabling company creation.  Require research excellence, integrity and a commitment to ethical practice;  Fostering collaboration;  Fostering equity, diversity and inclusion;  Driving innovation; and  Supporting continual learning and development When SCN was first launched in 2001, the stem cell research community was scattered and siloed across the country. Over the years, SCN has worked tirelessly to build a robust national network through programs that stressed collaboration and a multidisciplinary approach for moving stem cell science forward.  Translation & Society Team Awards: Supports ELSI-led (ethical, legal and social implications) research address issues that impede the translation of innovative stem cell research SCN has led the way in building multidisciplinary networks, generating industry partnerships, training the next generation of scientific talent and enabling knowledge mobilization. doi = 10.1016/j.scr.2020.101890 id = cord-324507-w32pe2pz author = Dubé, Mirette title = COVID-19 pandemic preparation: using simulation for systems-based learning to prepare the largest healthcare workforce and system in Canada date = 2020-08-18 keywords = COVID-19; Canada; simulation; system summary = Our provincial simulation program in the province of Alberta, Canada (population = 4.37 million; geographic area = 661,848 km(2)), has rapidly responded to this need by leading the intake, design, development, planning, and co-facilitation of over 400 acute care simulations across our province in both urban and rural Emergency Departments, Intensive Care Units, Operating Rooms, Labor and Delivery Units, Urgent Care Centers, Diagnostic Imaging and In-patient Units over a 5-week period to an estimated 30,000 learners of real frontline team members. The goal of this paper is to share the unique features and advantages of using a centralized provincial simulation response team, preparedness using learning and systems integration methods, and to share the highest risk and highest frequency outcomes from analyzing a mass volume of COVID-19 simulation data across the largest health authority in Canada. doi = 10.1186/s41077-020-00138-w id = cord-276625-3l8qu1qx author = Elbeddini, Ali title = Amid COVID-19: the importance of developing an positive adverse drug reaction (ADR) and medical device incident (MDI) reporting culture for Global Health and public safety date = 2020-05-18 keywords = ADR; Canada summary = title: Amid COVID-19: the importance of developing an positive adverse drug reaction (ADR) and medical device incident (MDI) reporting culture for Global Health and public safety Amid COVID-19 Crisis, reporting adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and medical device incidents (MDIs) to Health Canada or health authorities in every country is crucial for monitoring medication safety and improving public health. In the current COVID-19 Crisis, it is especially important for health care providers to be diligent about reporting Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs), since misinformation propagated by the media is causing patients to misuse certain medications. We need to shift the current thought process about ADR reporting in order to encourage a positive reporting culture by patients and health care providers. Responses from the Canadian Society of Hospital Pharmacists to Questions Related to Mandatory Reporting of Adverse Drug Reactions and Medical Device Incidents by Provincial and Territorial Healthcare Institutions doi = 10.1186/s40545-020-00219-1 id = cord-312252-4l3ok44o author = Elbeddini, Ali title = Barriers to conducting deprescribing in the elderly population amid the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-05-29 keywords = COVID-19; Canada; elderly summary = Barriers to deprescribing before the pandemic include patient and system related factors, such as resistance to change, patient''s knowledge deficit about deprescribing, lack of alternatives for treatment of disease, uncoordinated delivery of health services, prescriber''s attitudes and/or experience, limited availability of guidelines for deprescribing, and lack of evidence on preventative therapy. Some of these barriers can be mitigated by using the following interventions:patient education, prioritization of non-pharmacological therapy, incorporation of electronic health record (EHR), continuous prescriber education, and development of research studies on deprescribing. Barriers to deprescribing before COVID-19, such as resistance to change, knowledge deficit about deprescribing, and lack of alternatives for treatment of disease, uncoordinated delivery of health services, prescribers'' attitudes and/or experience, limited availability of guidelines for deprescribing, and lack of evidence on preventative therapy need to be managed through different interventions. doi = 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.05.025 id = cord-311172-4uk2y206 author = Fischer, Benedikt title = Some notes on the use, concept and socio-political framing of ‘stigma’ focusing on an opioid-related public health crisis date = 2020-08-03 keywords = Canada; health; opioid; stigma summary = Concretely, it is unclear how the remedial actions proposed will materially alleviate stigma process and impacts, especially given apparent gaps in the issues examined, including essential strategies – for example, reform of drug user criminalization as a fundamental element and driver of structural stigma for action that directly relate to the jurisdictions and privileged mandates of the report sources themselves as health and policy leaders. Luomo notes that research on stigma in the addiction realm is in its "infancy", and that even less is known on "how to reduce stigma in this area." [10] Two pre-eminent ''anti-stigma'' manifests Both above-mentioned reports ascribe fundamental and sweeping cause-effect agency, as well as necessary remedial prescriptions to the phenomenon of ''stigma'' as applied to the current public health crisis of substance/ opioid use in Canada. doi = 10.1186/s13011-020-00294-2 id = cord-351204-5m1ch7ls author = Ford, James D. title = Vulnerability of Aboriginal health systems in Canada to climate change date = 2010-06-22 keywords = Canada; Ford; Furgal; aboriginal; change; climate; health summary = The existing burden of ill-health increases the sensitivity of Indigenous peoples to the adverse impacts of climate change, which combined with a proportionally higher dependence of many Indigenous Climate change Health Adaptation Vulnerability Aboriginal Inuit Mé tis First nations Canada Social determinants of health Inequality Indigenous A B S T R A C T Climate change has been identified as potentially the biggest health threat of the 21st century. However, there remains a significant deficit in information required to inform and guide adaptation among Aboriginal peoples-part of what we broadly term an Indigenous peoples ''vulnerability deficit.'' Major Canadian assessments of climate change, for example, identify research on Aboriginal health a priority for action , and while Furgal and Prowse (2008) focus on the health of mostly Inuit inhabitants in the north, other Aboriginal populations have been less studied (Healey and Meadows, 2007; Wilson and Young, 2008) . doi = 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2010.05.003 id = cord-104288-120uu4dh author = Ford, Lea Berrang title = Climate Change and Health in Canada date = 2009-01-17 keywords = Canada; Climate; change; health summary = Health impacts due to climate change have already been documented, including changes in the range of some vector-borne diseases (28, 29, (31) (32) (33) and an increase in heatwave-related deaths (11, 34, 35) . While the burden of negative health impacts will be disproportionately high in poorer countries, even high-income countries will be vulnerable to morbidity and mortality related to increases in the number and severity of extreme weather events such as storms, heatwaves, and floods (16) . These include: Increased surveillance, particularly of disease vectors, water quality, and air pollutants; Integration of climate projections into emergency planning and disaster preparedness (79) ; Improved access to preventive care and primary physician care to promote early detection of new disease emergence or shifting disease incidence; Integration of climate change considerations into education programming for medical students and primary health care workers; Integration of climate projection parameters into urban planning to increase protection against extreme weather events (55, (90) (91) (92) ; Increased monitoring and evaluation of food production systems and water monitoring safety given climate projections (26, 41, 63, 68) ; Development of heat wave alerts and responses, and mitigation of urban heat islands (41, 52, 53, 91) , and; Increased multi-national support for improved health capacity in low and middle income countries. doi = nan id = cord-001716-lbtdex4p author = Gilca, Rodica title = Mid-Season Estimates of Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness against Influenza A(H3N2) Hospitalization in the Elderly in Quebec, Canada, January 2015 date = 2015-07-22 keywords = A(H3N2; Canada summary = Canada''s Sentinel Physician Surveillance Network (SPSN) measured vaccine effectiveness (VE) against medically-attended laboratory-confirmed outpatient A(H3N2) illness of -8% (95%CI:-50-23%) overall and 2% (95%CI:-49-36%) in non-elderly (<65-year-old) adults, indicating little or no vaccine protection even among individuals capable of mounting an effective immune response [2] . Although Canadian mid-season inpatient and outpatient VE findings for the 2014/15 season have been consistent with null vaccine effects (statistically non-significant and spanning zero) in both age groups, the CIRN finding of a lower and negative point estimate of VE against A(H3N2) hospitalization in the elderly, more closely broaching statistical significance, warrants further clarification. Multivariable analyses by logistic regression adjusted for age, underlying comorbidity placing individuals at higher risk of influenza-related complications [13] , interval between symptom onset and specimen collection (4 days, 5-7 days), hospital site, epidemic week based on hospital admission date (49-51, 52, 53 and 1-2), and primary residence (community, LTCF or other institutional/group setting). doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0132195 id = cord-280648-1dpsggwx author = Gillen, David title = Regulation, competition and network evolution in aviation date = 2005-05-31 keywords = Airlines; Canada; FSA; network; vba summary = The organization of production spatially in air transportation networks confers both demand and supply side network economies and the choice of network structure by a carrier necessarily reflects aspects of its business model and will exhibit different revenue and cost drivers. Like the FSA model, the VBA business plan creates a network structure that can promote connectivity but in contrast trades off lower levels of service, measured both in capacity and frequency, against lower fares. The entrenched FSA carriers'' focuses on developing hub and spoke networks while new entrants seem intent on creating low-cost, point-to-point structures. The resulting market structure of competition between FSAs was thus a cozy oligopoly in which airlines competed on prices for some economy fares, but practiced complex price discrimination that allowed high yields on business travel. doi = 10.1016/j.jairtraman.2005.03.002 id = cord-025763-lz0chxab author = Goddard, Ellen title = The impact of COVID‐19 on food retail and food service in Canada: Preliminary assessment date = 2020-05-06 keywords = Canada; food summary = The impacts fall into two major categories, the first being the actual impacts of public health on individuals, on employees in retail and food service, and on individuals throughout the rest of the supply chain, and the second being the dramatic change in what and where people want to buy their food. 6. Grocery store chains attempt to deal with the surplus of certain foods arising from reduced demand from food service through diversion to consumer-ready retail products. It is difficult to predict exactly what might happen in the food service and food retail sectors as Canada recovers from the economic and public health effects of this COVID-19 outbreak. Actions taken under the states of emergency imposed to deal with the pandemic in Canada have changed the reality of food purchasing and the confidence people have in the ability of the food retail system to maintain consistent food and grocery availability. The impact of COVID-19 on food retail and food service in Canada: Preliminary assessment doi = 10.1111/cjag.12243 id = cord-330228-plcdwazu author = Gore, Dana title = Social determinants of health in Canada: Are healthy living initiatives there yet? A policy analysis date = 2012-08-14 keywords = Canada; Health; determinant; initiative; social summary = An approach that effectively engages with the determinants has been suggested in Mikkonen and Raphael''s The Social Determinants of Health: The Canadian Facts, and includes policies that offer a higher minimum wage, higher assistance levels for those unable to work, a more progressive taxation structure that redistributes income more fairly, increased unionization, better funding of public education, government regulation of post-secondary institution tuition, stronger legislation on anti-discrimination policies and equal opportunity hiring, a national childcare strategy, strategies to increase the affordability of nutritious food, increased spending on a housing strategy, policies that reduce barriers for refugees and immigrants to practice their professions, and recognizing Aboriginal government authority over a wider range of Aboriginal affairs [3] . Structure-based: These initiatives directly acknowledge the impact of various structures (e.g. social, political, economic) that create inequities leading to chronic diseases and attempt to address the social determinants of health directly in order to improve healthy eating and active living. doi = 10.1186/1475-9276-11-41 id = cord-280619-xcre2zgh author = Harvey, Bart J. title = Identifying Public Health Competencies Relevant to Family Medicine date = 2011-09-28 keywords = Canada; Family summary = Using a multi-staged, iterative process that included a detailed literature review, the authors developed a set of public health competencies relevant to primary care, identifying competencies relevant across four levels, from "post-MD" to "enhanced." Feedback from family medicine and public health educator–practitioners regarding the set of proposed "essential" competencies indicated the need for a more limited, feasible set of "priority" areas to be highlighted during residency training. This focused set of public health competencies has begun to guide relevant components of the University of Toronto''s Family Medicine Residency Program curriculum, including academic half-days; clinical experiences, especially identifying "teachable moments" during patient encounters; resident academic projects; and elective public health agency placements. This revised draft was then sent to all symposium participants for additional review and feedback, which resulted in the proposal of a detailed set of public health competencies relevant to family medicine and primary care (Appendix B, available online at www.ajpmonline.org). doi = 10.1016/j.amepre.2011.06.002 id = cord-263235-n8omnki4 author = Hassan, Ansar title = Cardiac Surgery in Canada During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Guidance Statement From the Canadian Society of Cardiac Surgeons date = 2020-04-08 keywords = COVID-19; Canada summary = As the number of COVID-19 cases continues to increase across Canada, the Canadian Society of Cardiac Surgeons (CSCS) and its Board of Directors strongly support the need to contain COVID-19 and to limit its transmission through social distancing, self-isolation, and self-quarantine, as directed by the public health authorities. With strong representation from across the country and the support of the Canadian Cardiovascular Society, the authors have attempted to provide guidance to their colleagues on the subjects of leadership roles that cardiac surgeons may assume during this pandemic: patient assessment and triage, risk reduction, and real-time sharing of expertise and experiences. With strong representation from across the country and the support of the Canadian Cardiovascular Society, the authors have attempted to provide guidance to their colleagues on the subjects of leadership roles that cardiac surgeons may assume during this pandemic: patient assessment and triage, risk reduction, and real-time sharing of expertise and experiences. doi = 10.1016/j.cjca.2020.04.001 id = cord-346050-ssv1arr1 author = Hodgkinson, Tarah title = Show me a man or a woman alone and I''ll show you a saint: Changes in the frequency of criminal incidents during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-20 keywords = COVID-19; Canada; Vancouver; change; crime summary = This creates an opportunity to explore the preliminary effects of this lockdown on crime trends in one of Canada''s major cities, with the intention of determining if the shift in opportunity structures have changed crime trends and to improve planning for safety and crime prevention for potential further outbreaks of the pandemic and future exceptional events. Opportunity theories, such as routine activities theory, would predict that during an exceptional event, crime rates will both increase and decrease depending on the crime type and the shift in opportunity structure (Leither et al., 2011) . Routine activity theory argues that in order for a crime event to occur, a suitable target, a motivated offender, and the lack of a capable guardian need to come together in time and space (Cohen & Felson, 1979) . doi = 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2020.101706 id = cord-268799-obeinwyq author = Horton, Richard title = Canada 2010: what should global health expect? date = 2009-09-24 keywords = Canada; health summary = Prime Minister Stephen Harper has already signalled four priorities: the global economy, climate change, development, and democratic governance. Canada has many natural advantages to shape its international policyworld-class universities with global ambitions, a history of international policy infl uence (eg, the 1974 Lalonde report, which redrew the boundaries of health), frontrank scientists and intellectuals who have redefi ned what is possible in health, 7-9 and increasing overseas development assistance. The Lancet-UCL Commission on the health eff ects of climate change 13 argued that global warming is the biggest threat to health in the 21st century. Canada has been the leading nation bar none to develop the concept of peace dividends through policies on health. As the birthplace of evidence-based medicine, Canada''s health community should have a strong voice about the way health metrics are used to shape global health policies. Lancet-UCL Institute for Global Health Commission: managing the health eff ects of climate change doi = 10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61677-9 id = cord-000282-phepjf55 author = Hsieh, Ying-Hen title = On epidemic modeling in real time: An application to the 2009 Novel A (H1N1) influenza outbreak in Canada date = 2010-11-05 keywords = Canada; Richards; model summary = BACKGROUND: Management of emerging infectious diseases such as the 2009 influenza pandemic A (H1N1) poses great challenges for real-time mathematical modeling of disease transmission due to limited information on disease natural history and epidemiology, stochastic variation in the course of epidemics, and changing case definitions and surveillance practices. We sought to address three critical issues in real time disease modeling for newly emerged 2009 pH1N1: (i) to estimate the basic reproduction number; (ii) to identify the main turning points in the epidemic curve that distinguish different phases or waves of disease; and (iii) to predict the future course of events, including the final size of the outbreak in the absence of intervention. We fit both the single-and multi-phase Richards models to Canadian cumulative 2009 pH1N1 cumulative case data, using publicly available disease onset dates obtained from the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) website [10, 11] . doi = 10.1186/1756-0500-3-283 id = cord-253827-5vodag6c author = Karaivanov, A. title = Face Masks, Public Policies and Slowing the Spread of COVID-19: Evidence from Canada date = 2020-09-25 keywords = Canada; Ontario; September; Table; mask summary = We estimate the impact of mask mandates and other non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) on COVID-19 case growth in Canada, including regulations on businesses and gatherings, school closures, travel and self-isolation, and long-term care homes. 2 Counterfactual policy simulations using our empirical estimates suggest that mandating indoor masks nationwide in early July could have reduced weekly new cases in Canada by 25 to 40% on average by mid-August relative to the actually observed numbers, which translates into 700 to 1,100 fewer cases per week. Our results on business/gathering regulations and school closure suggest that reduced restrictions and the associated increase in business or workplace activity and gatherings or school re-opening can offset, in whole or in part, the estimated effect of mask mandates on case growth, both in our sample and subsequently. CKS (2020), whose estimation strategy we follow, exploit U.S. state-level variation in the timing of mask mandates for employees in public-facing businesses, and find that these mandates are associated with 9 to 10 percentage points reduction in the weekly growth rate of cases. doi = 10.1101/2020.09.24.20201178 id = cord-297567-38t82q9t author = Lamarre, Alain title = A recombinant single chain antibody neutralizes coronavirus infectivity but only slightly delays lethal infection of mice date = 2005-12-06 keywords = Canada; fab; fragment summary = Purified scFv fragments retained the antigen‐binding properties of the parental antibody, could inhibit its binding to viral antigens with apparently higher efficiency than monovalent antigen‐binding (Fab) fragments, but neutralized viral infectivity with lower efficiency (about sevenfold at a molar level). Therefore, even though the scFv could neutralize viral infectivity in vitro, the same quantity of fragments that partially protected mice in the form of Fab only slightly delayed virus‐induced lethality when injected as scFv fragments, probably because of a much faster in vivo clearance: the biologic half‐life was estimated to be about 6 min. To explore the possibility of using antibody fragments expressed in bacteria for the treatment of viral diseases, an scFv was constructed from the sequences of MHV-specific mAb 7-1 OA and its in vitro neutralization and in vivo protection properties were evaluated. The neutralization capacity of the recombinant scFv fragment was evaluated and compared to that of the Fab fragment by incubating 50 PFU of virus with dilutions of purified fragments and determining the residual viral infectivity on murine fibroblast cells (Fig. 6) . doi = 10.1002/eji.1830271245 id = cord-017168-3wbei5h2 author = Langor, David W. title = Ecological impacts of non-native invertebrates and fungi on terrestrial ecosystems date = 2008-06-24 keywords = Canada; IAS summary = To bring attention to this paucity of information and to encourage a review of the current state of knowledge, the Canadian Forest Service, Biological Survey of Canada and Canadian Food Inspection Agency convened a symposium, Ecological impacts of non-native invertebrates and fungi on terrestrial ecosystems, held on November 18, 2006 during the Joint Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of Canada and Entomological Society of Quebec in Montreal, Quebec. She summarizes the current distribution of exotic and native earthworm species in Canadian forests and draws on the results of studies of invasion patterns and environmental impacts in northern forests in North America and Europe to discuss potential outcomes for forests in Canada. We hope that this set of papers will help inspire others to pursue work on ecological impacts of non-native species. Ecological Impacts of Non-Native Invertebrates and Fungi on Terrestrial Ecosystems doi = 10.1007/978-1-4020-9680-8_1 id = cord-021374-srpg754h author = Lavoie, Maxime title = Lynx canadensis (Carnivora: Felidae) date = 2019-12-10 keywords = Canada; Lynx; Mowat; Poole; Saunders; Slough summary = Mean measurements (mm, n, range or SD) of males and females, respectively, were: total length 1,030 (4, 995-1,050), 980 (7, 950-1,010); length of tail 140 (4, 100-150), 110 (8, 100-140); length of hind foot 250 (4, 230-260), 230 (8, 220-240) in Alaska (Berrie 1971) ; total length 920 (12, 850-1,050), 860 (11, ; length of tail 110 (12, 100-120), 100 (11, ; length of hind foot 230 (12, 220-250), 220 (11, in Alberta (van Zyll de Jong 1975) ; total length 892.6 (96, 736.6-1,066.8), 844.0 (89, 762.0-965.2); length of tail 104.6 (96, 50.8-127.0), 97.0 (95, 76.2-121.9); length of hind foot 234.2 (95, 203.2-260.4), 223.0 (89, 190.5-247.7) in Newfoundland (Saunders 1964) ; height at chest 467 (30, ± 10.4), 422 (15, ± 6.3) in the Northwest Territories (Murray and Boutin 1991) ; total length 852.8 (120, ± 3.21), 812.7 (118, ± 3.00) in Ontario (Quinn and Gardner 1984) . Population characteristics.-Lynx canadensis is a snowshoe hare specialist, and its ecology, morphology, and behavior reflect closely that of its main prey (O''Donoghue et al. L. canadensis dynamics might differ in populations in southern latitudes because fluctuation in snowshoe hares is more stable than in the north (Koehler 1990 ) because alternate preys are more abundant (Roth et al. Lynx canadensis densities vary greatly during a snowshoe hare cycle ranging from 2.0 to 44.9/100 km 2 . doi = 10.1093/mspecies/sez019 id = cord-348039-kl1a0au3 author = Majowicz, S. E. title = What might the future bring? COVID-19 planning considerations for faculty and universities date = 2020-04-29 keywords = COVID-19; Canada; e.g. summary = This paper applies a scenario planning approach, to outline some current uncertainties related to COVID-19 and what they might mean for plausible futures for which we should prepare, and to identify factors that we as individual faculty members and university institutions should be considering now, when planning for the future under COVID-19. The PHAC report was underpinned by two planning methodologies: scenario planning [4] , which aims to describe the range of plausible futures so that decisions and plans can be robust in the face of uncertainty; and a modified Political, Economic, Social, Technological (PEST) analysis [5] , a framework for identifying macro-level factors in the wider environment that can impact organisations'' abilities to function. This paper applies a similar approach, in order to: (a) outline some current uncertainties related to COVID-19, and what they might mean for plausible futures for which we should prepare; and (b) list factors that we as individual faculty members and university institutions should be considering now, when planning for the future under COVID-19. doi = 10.1017/s0950268820000898 id = cord-307293-zp4oddrt author = McCoy, Liam G title = CAN-NPI: A Curated Open Dataset of Canadian Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions in Response to the Global COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-04-22 keywords = April; COVID-19; Canada summary = This novel dataset enables robust, inter-jurisdictional comparisons of pandemic response, can serve as a model for other jurisdictions and can be linked with other information about case counts, transmission dynamics, health care utilization, mobility data and economic indicators to derive important insights regarding NPI impact. We present the first comprehensive, open dataset containing detailed information about all publicly available NPIs that have been implemented by governments and major private organizations in Canada in response to COVID-19. In this dataset, we define a non-pharmaceutical intervention (NPI) as any publicly-announced program, statement, enforceable order, initiative, or operational change originating from any public or private organization in response to COVID-19-whether to curtail its transmission or mitigate its social and economic ramifications. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.17.20068460 doi: medRxiv preprint Figure 4 : Variation in time-to-intervention by Canadian province / territory for two major NPIs-declaration of state of emergency and school closure-shown relative to two descriptors of the local COVID-19 outbreak, dates of first case and first death in each region. doi = 10.1101/2020.04.17.20068460 id = cord-333974-mvo2k2jt author = McIntyre, Roger S. title = Projected Increases in Suicide in Canada as a Consequence of COVID-19 date = 2020-05-19 keywords = Canada; suicide summary = Time-trend regression models were used to evaluate and predict the number of excess suicides in 2020 and 2021 for two possible projection scenarios following the COVID-19 pandemic: 1) an increase in unemployment of 1.6% in 2020, 1.2% in 2021, or 2) an increase in unemployment of 10.7% in 2020, 8.9% in 2021. We recently reported that the rapid rise in unemployment as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic is predicted to result in 3, 164 excess suicides between 2020 and 2021, representing a 3.3-8.4% increase in suicides per year from the 2018 rate of 48,432 suicides in the USA (McIntyre and Lee, 2020). Time-trend regression models were used to evaluate and predict the number of excess suicides attributable to the projected rise in unemployment rate following the COVID-19 pandemic. doi = 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113104 id = cord-330755-7kvaduoq author = McMahon, Meghan title = Informing Canada''s Health System Response to COVID-19: Priorities for Health Services and Policy Research date = 2020-08-17 keywords = CIHR; COVID-19; Canada; Health summary = Seven COVID-19 priorities for health services and policy research were identified: system adaptation and organization of care; resource allocation decision-making and ethics; rapid synthesis and comparative policy analysis of the COVID-19 response and outcomes; healthcare workforce; virtual care; long-term consequences of the pandemic; and public and patient engagement. COVID-19 illuminates the ability of healthcare delivery systems (e.g., a health authority) and organizations (e.g., a hospital or LTC home) to use COVID-19 and other data to support real-time decision-making, foster continuous learning and evidence-informed planning and implement policies and interventions across the system. Research that evaluates the health system response, analyzes and informs policy options and identifies how to improve the design and delivery of health services is essential for many reasons, including successful navigation out of the current pandemic, improving health system preparedness for future outbreaks and ensuring that the Canadian healthcare system that reopens is stronger, resilient, and more accessible, more equitable and of higher quality than the one that existed before the onslaught of COVID-19. doi = 10.12927/hcpol.2020.26249 id = cord-338390-v4ncshav author = Moghadas, Seyed M. title = Managing public health crises: the role of models in pandemic preparedness date = 2009-03-02 keywords = Canada; health; pandemic summary = 4 The workshop brought together public health experts, key decision makers, and infectious disease modelers to: (i) identify the strengths and weaknesses of mathematical models, and suggest ways to improve their predictive ability that will ultimately influence policy effectiveness; and (ii) provide an opportunity for the discussion of priority components of a pandemic plan and determine key parameters that affect policy decision making. These included evaluations and model predictions for antiviral strategies and their implications for drug stockpiling; the role of population contact networks in the emergence and spread of drug-resistance; targeting influenza vaccination at specific age groups; optimal control of pandemic outbreaks; and the usefulness of non-pharmaceutical interventions in disease mitigation. There are two major reasons underlying this evaluation: first, data are limited and prior to the emergence of a novel pandemic strain, it is not possible to study the epidemiological impact of disease or interventions in a real world environment; second, public health authorities would need to be prepared for all the likely scenarios that could influence the outcome of preparedness strategies. doi = 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2009.00081.x id = cord-313218-4rbxdimf author = Narushima, Miya title = “Fiercely independent”: Experiences of aging in the right place of older women living alone with physical limitations date = 2020-09-09 keywords = Canada; age; home; old; participant summary = However, we also found that older women are largely silent about their needs, and that experiences varied depending on life histories, health conditions, and the availability of supports in their wider environment (home care, alternative housing options, accessible transportation, opportunities for social and physical activities). Comparing the 2011 and 2016 censuses, the ratio of people aged 65 and older living in "collective dwellings" (e.g., assisted living, supportive housing, retirement residences, seniors'' apartments, continuum care facilities, and nursing homes) has dropped from 7.9% to 6.9% (Garner, Tanuseputro, Manuel, & Sanmartin, 2018; Statistics Canada, 2012) . For example, in a public guide issued by the federal government, "aging in place" is defined as "having access to services and the health and social supports and services you need to live safely and independently in your home or your community for as long as you wish and are able" (Federal/Provincial/Territorial Ministers Responsible for Seniors, 2015, p.1). doi = 10.1016/j.jaging.2020.100875 id = cord-269498-q63ce5pi author = Nicholas, David title = Pandemic planning in pediatric care: A website policy review and national survey data date = 2010-07-31 keywords = Canada; pandemic; plan summary = Methods Online pandemic plans from national, provincial and territorial government websites were reviewed to identify: plans for children and families, and psychosocial and ethical issues. For example, there is still a need to address ethical concerns during a pandemic, for instance, governments may be required to infringe upon civil liberties to ensure infection control, and policy makers need to establish frameworks for decisionmaking to allocate scarce health care resources [6] . Survey participants included individuals with expertise in pediatric care and pandemic planning, including: (1) members of national, provincial and territorial pandemic influenza committees; (2) professionals working in infection control and pandemic planning; and (3) professionals working with children, youth and families in crisis. A review of the pandemic plans of the Public Health Agency of Canada, provincial and territorial governments has identified needs in pediatric planning. doi = 10.1016/j.healthpol.2010.01.007 id = cord-263453-7v4y02j6 author = Nishiura, Hiroshi title = Early Epidemiological Assessment of the Virulence of Emerging Infectious Diseases: A Case Study of an Influenza Pandemic date = 2009-08-31 keywords = Canada; USA summary = We first examine the approach by analyzing an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong (2003) with known unbiased cCFR estimate, and then investigate published epidemiological datasets of novel swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in the USA and Canada (2009). Nevertheless, a much-used crude estimate of the cCFR, i.e. the ratio of the cumulative number of deaths to cases at calendar time t, tends to yield a biased (and mostly underestimated) cCFR due to the time-delay from onset to death [8] ; similar estimates of such a biased cCFR for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) have shown how such estimates can vary substantially as an epidemic progresses, stabilizing only in the later stages of the outbreak [8, 9] . doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006852.g003 Figure 6 shows the time course of biased cCFR estimates in the USA and Canada based on the reporting date of confirmed cases and deaths to the World Health Organization. doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0006852 id = cord-350915-x0gn8wqv author = Oostlander, Samantha A. title = The Roles of Emergency Managers and Emergency Social Services Directors to Support Disaster Risk Reduction in Canada date = 2020-10-21 keywords = Canada; role summary = Through content analysis, five themes and one model were generated from the data: 1) Emergency management is not synonymous with first response, 2) Unrealistic expectations for a "side-of-desk" role, 3) Minding the gap between academia and practice with a ''whole-society'' approach, 4) Personal preparedness tends to be weak, 5) Behind the scenes roles can have mental health implications. This complimentary strategy takes aim at Canadian specific priority areas including: 1) Enhance whole-ofsociety collaboration and governance to strengthen resilience, 2) Improve understanding of disaster risks in all sectors of society, 3) Increase focus on whole-of-society disaster prevention and mitigation activities, 4) Enhance disaster response capacity and coordination and foster the development of new capabilities, and 5) Strengthen recovery efforts by building back better to minimize the impacts of future disasters (Public Safety Canada, 2019). doi = 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101925 id = cord-321667-jkzxjk54 author = Papineau, Amber title = Genome Organization of Canada Goose Coronavirus, A Novel Species Identified in a Mass Die-off of Canada Geese date = 2019-04-11 keywords = CGCoV; Canada; TRS summary = Comparative genomics and phylogenetic analysis indicate it is a new species of Gammacoronavirus, as it falls below the threshold of 90% amino acid similarity in the protein domains used to demarcate Coronaviridae. Additional features that distinguish the genome of Canada goose coronavirus include 6 novel ORFs, a partial duplication of the 4 gene and a presumptive change in the proteolytic processing of polyproteins 1a and 1ab. As the full genome was sequenced from only the cloacal swab of a single Canada goose, a screening PCR was designed based on the 4b duplication region unique to CGCoV and performed on all samples. To summarize, the complete genome of CGCoV, a novel Gammacoronavirus species was sequenced directly from the cloacal swab of a Canada goose associated with a mass die-off. The CGCoV genome was also detected in samples derived from a second Canada goose and a snow goose that perished in the die-off, using PCR, Sanger and high throughput sequencing. doi = 10.1038/s41598-019-42355-y id = cord-024005-rsnf1ib0 author = Paquet, Mireille title = COVID-19 as a Complex Intergovernmental Problem date = 2020-04-14 keywords = COVID-19; Canada summary = While political leaders and media often describe COVID-19 as a crisis, the concept of CIPs generates more analytical power to understand the management of this pandemic in federations and multilevel governance systems. Instead of taking federal arrangements as a starting point, this approach focusses on the nature and characteristics of a policy problem to analyze how governance systems and actors adapt. Our research into a previous CIP in Canada-irregular border crossings-demonstrated a clear pattern of the short-term, medium-term and long-term effects that these types of problems can have on the intergovernmental system (Schertzer and Paquet, 2020) . One of the key takeaways from the surge in irregular border crossings in Canada is that a CIP evolves over time: initial periods of crisis management and collaboration can give way to intergovernmental conflict. Beyond Canada, the concept of CIPs can be used to compare responses to, and the consequences of, COVID-19 in other federations. doi = 10.1017/s0008423920000281 id = cord-048477-ze511t38 author = Patel, Mahomed S. title = General Practice and Pandemic Influenza: A Framework for Planning and Comparison of Plans in Five Countries date = 2008-05-28 keywords = Canada; general; health; plan; practice summary = The framework identifies four functional domains: clinical care for influenza and other needs, public health responsibilities, the internal environment and the macro-environment of general practice. Although there is little evidence linking specific preparedness activities to effective system-wide responses to pandemic influenza [5, 6] , change management theories point to a need for dynamic partnerships between general practices and other ambulatory care services, hospitals and public health departments [10] . We aimed to develop a framework that will facilitate systematic planning for the general practice response to pandemic influenza and used it to appraise coverage of key elements in publicly available pandemic plans from Australia, England, USA, New Zealand and Canada. This calls for coordination across general practices and other ambulatory care services to ensure primary health care needs within the community are effectively monitored and addressed; with hospitals to avoid/delay hospitalisation and facilitate early discharge; and with public health units to share responsibilities for contact tracing, monitoring and treating people in home isolation or quarantine, dispensing of anti-viral medications, and participation in mass immunisations against pandemic strains of the virus (when these become available). doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0002269 id = cord-270021-8obqdbh9 author = Percy, Edward title = Post-Discharge Cardiac Care in the Era of Coronavirus 2019: How Should We Prepare? date = 2020-04-09 keywords = COVID-19; Canada summary = This manuscript describes the current status of post-discharge cardiac care in Canada and provides suggestions with regards to steps that policymakers and healthcare organizations can take to prepare for the COVID-19 pandemic. This manuscript describes the current status of post-discharge cardiac care in Canada and provides suggestions with regards to steps that policymakers and healthcare organizations can take to prepare for the COVID-19 pandemic. Summary: As COVID-19 case numbers continue to increase worldwide, many additional patients with new or comorbid cardiovascular disease will benefit from cardiac rehabilitation and post-discharge care following acute care hospitalization. We describe the current status of cardiovascular rehabilitation in Canada and provide suggestions on steps that policymakers and healthcare organizations can take to optimize post-discharge cardiac care in the COVID-19 era. 3 As case numbers continue to increase exponentially, it is plausible that there will be a massive surge in the number of patients with new or comorbid CVD who will require cardiac rehabilitation after acute care hospitalization. doi = 10.1016/j.cjca.2020.04.006 id = cord-025746-qy9ttbkx author = Puddister, Kate title = Trial by Zoom? The Response to COVID-19 by Canada''s Courts date = 2020-05-19 keywords = Canada; Court summary = In this analysis, we seek to understand how courts have responded to COVID-19 and the challenges of physical distancing through the use of digital technologies. In this analysis, we seek to understand how courts have responded to COVID-19 and the challenges of physical distancing through the use of digital technologies. Former Chief Justice Beverly McLachlin (2012) wondered if court reporting would fall short of journalistic standards of accuracy and fairness if courts allowed the public to use social media to engage in live text-based communication from the courtroom. While digital technologies could assist courts in addressing administrative concerns such as the filing of documents, evidence, and scheduling during the pandemic, our analysis focuses only on the adjudicative role or the hearing of legal matters in court. 2 For instance, Texas issued an emergency order authorizing courts to conduct proceedings (civil or criminal) through teleconferencing, videoconferencing, or other means, with the exception of jury trials (Texas Judicial Branch, 2020) . doi = 10.1017/s0008423920000505 id = cord-004973-yqcc54iv author = Reitmanova, Sylvia title = “Disease-Breeders” Among Us: Deconstructing Race and Ethnicity as Risk Factors of Immigrant Ill Health date = 2009-07-11 keywords = Canada; canadian; health; race summary = This work deconstructs the notion of race and ethnicity as risk factors for immigrant ill health, which is prevalent in current medical research and practice, by tracing its roots in Canadian history. Therefore, in this work I would like to deconstruct the notion of race and ethnicity as risk factors for ill health and, as well, elaborate on the relevance of these epidemiological categories to medicine and society. 30 Recent research provides sound evidence that negative health discourses about immigrants are readily present in the Western world even today, 31, 32, 33, 34 whether they concern the Ebola virus of black Africans, 35 the SARS of the Chinese, 36 or the overreproduction of Latinas, 37 which all threaten in different ways the highly regarded and healthy bodies of white Canadians, Britons, or Americans respectively. doi = 10.1007/s10912-009-9084-6 id = cord-025767-scbteel5 author = Richards, Timothy J. title = COVID‐19 impact on fruit and vegetable markets date = 2020-05-18 keywords = Canada; States; United summary = In the long term, we expect lasting changes in consumers'' online food‐purchasing habits, heightened constraints on immigrant labor markets, and tighter concentration in fresh produce distribution and perhaps retailing. Anecdotal evidence suggests that, like several nonperishable products, consumers have been stockpiling frozen fruits and vegetables, which has the potential to dampen current and future sales of fresh produce. In fact, in 2018, total retail sales of fresh fruits and vegetables produced domestically averaged about $125 million (CDN) per month (StatsCan, 2020a), while imports averaged approximately seven times that amount (Statista, 2020) . Consequently, most of the impact of changing consumption patterns will be felt by importers, including wholesalers, distributors, and retailers, and any impact on availability will be determined by conditions in the US fresh fruit and vegetable supply chain. We identify three of the most significant in this context as an access to labor issues in the fresh produce growing industries of the United States and Canada, consolidation, and the move to online food purchasing. doi = 10.1111/cjag.12231 id = cord-000857-2qds187e author = Richardson, Katya L title = Indigenous populations health protection: A Canadian perspective date = 2012-12-20 keywords = Canada; H1N1; Nations; aboriginal summary = In alignment with the objectives of the Pandemic Influenza Outbreak Research Modelling (Pan-InfORM) team, a Canadian public health workshop was held at the Centre for Disease Modelling (CDM) to: (i) evaluate post-pandemic research findings; (ii) identify existing gaps in knowledge that have yet to be addressed through ongoing research and collaborative activities; and (iii) build upon existing partnerships within the research community to forge new collaborative links with Aboriginal health organizations. The workshop achieved its objectives in identifying main research findings and emerging information post pandemic, and highlighting key challenges that pose significant impediments to the health protection and promotion of Canadian Aboriginal populations. With the participation of key stakeholders from Aboriginal health organizations, policy decision-makers, and representatives from the research community in Canada, the workshop focused on public health responses, determinants of health, and the differential effects of intervention strategies in Aboriginal populations. doi = 10.1186/1471-2458-12-1098 id = cord-006728-bejrttyk author = Rozmus, Jacob title = Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) in Canadian Children: A National Surveillance Study date = 2013-10-12 keywords = Canada; FNMI; SCID summary = Following the identification of disseminated Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) infections in Canadian First Nations, Métis and Inuit (FNMI) children with unrecognized primary immune deficiencies, a national surveillance study was initiated in order to determine the incidence, diagnosis, treatment and outcome of children with SCID in Canada. The objectives of this study were to determine: 1) the incidence and type of SCID in the Canadian FNMI and general populations; 2) the incidence of disseminated BCG disease in SCID patients; 3) the average time delay to diagnosis; 4) known risk factors and initial clinical presentations; 5) whether patients received a HSCT or gene therapy; and 6) the causes of any deaths. The CPSP case definition for SCID was any child less than 2 years of age with the clinical features of SCID (including chronic diarrhea, recurrent pneumonia, failure to thrive, persistent thrush, and opportunistic infections) and at least one of the following: 1) an absolute lymphocyte count of less than 3000/ mm 3 or less than 20 % CD3+ T cells, 2) familial history of primary immunodeficiency. doi = 10.1007/s10875-013-9952-8 id = cord-283398-wplz8o2k author = Sanders, Chris title = “You Need ID to Get ID”: A Scoping Review of Personal Identification as a Barrier to and Facilitator of the Social Determinants of Health in North America date = 2020-06-13 keywords = Canada; PID; health; identification; indigenous summary = Through this scoping review, we seek to enter into this conversation regarding barriers to obtaining PID by highlighting the ways in which the problems posed by a lack of PID are particularly pronounced for people living in rural, northern, and remote access communities-people whom we already know experience poorer health outcomes than residents in metropolitan and suburban areas, and whom to date have been largely ignored in the scholarship [8] . In Canada, for instance, Indigenous people make up a significant proportion of the population in the rural and provincial north, and further clarity is needed on the unique PID problems facing this population, such as birth registration and the acquisition of birth certificates, as well as the difficulties of obtaining PID in areas with extremely limited access to state social and health services [6] . doi = 10.3390/ijerph17124227 id = cord-253653-y4a6yan7 author = Schiff, Rebecca title = COVID-19 and pandemic planning in the context of rural and remote homelessness date = 2020-09-24 keywords = Canada; rural summary = Addressing the vulnerability and unique needs of homeless populations during pandemics has been a major component of the Canadian federal response to the COVID-19 crisis. In this commentary, we suggest that policy-makers need to take seriously the situation of rural homelessness in Canada, its implications for individual and community health, and consequences in the context of pandemics. Addressing the vulnerability and unique needs of homeless populations during pandemics has been a major component of the Canadian federal response to the COVID-19 crisis (Office of the Prime Minister 2020). Policy-makers need to take seriously the situation of rural homelessness in Canada, its implications for individual and community health, and consequences in the context of pandemics. Policy-and decision-makers can address the pandemic preparedness needs of rural and remote communities through increased homelessness funding and support which is more equitable and in line with that available to urban communities. doi = 10.17269/s41997-020-00415-1 id = cord-273897-hkt322bt author = Seijts, Gerard title = The Myriad Ways in Which COVID-19 Revealed Character date = 2020-05-14 keywords = Canada; Trump; character; covid-19; leader summary = As Crossan and her colleagues articulated in their research and outreach, truly great leaders demonstrate strength in each of the character dimensions and, coupled with excellent judgment, are able to call upon and deploy the character dimensions to suit any particular situation: (1) transcendence to visualize the needed end state and to remain optimistic while journeying the often long and difficult road to get there; (2) integrity to recognize what needs to be done and to report candidly on the progress to those directly and indirectly impacted by the measures; (3) drive to deliver results despite obstacles, setbacks, and criticism; (4) courage to make tough and often unpopular decisions; (5) humanity to do what needs to be done, all the while caring about and taking steps to assist the many people affected; (6) justice to recognize and issue the support needed by individuals and/or organizations to help mitigate the negative consequences born of a situation outside of their control; (7) humility to learn and actively seek the best practices to lead teams, organizations, communities, cities, and nations through the crisis; (8) temperance to show calm and restraint even under the most dire of situations, especially as emotions, like a virus, tend to be contagious; (9) accountability to the various stakeholders and bearing responsibility for decisions and the subsequent consequences; (10) collaboration with a very large and diverse group of parties to achieve the desired outcome; and, finally, (11) judgment, to bring all these dimensions together into an effective, efficient, and principled process to work through the crisis. doi = 10.1016/j.orgdyn.2020.100765 id = cord-256366-9qb1zrzh author = Spiegel, Samuel J. title = Climate injustice, criminalisation of land protection and anti-colonial solidarity: Courtroom ethnography in an age of fossil fuel violence date = 2020-10-08 keywords = Canada; TMX; court; courtroom; indigenous; injunction; legal; people summary = Reflecting on a courtroom ethnography and debates spanning legal geography, political ecology and social movements studies, this article explores embodied struggles around oil, ''justice'' and geographies of caring – discussing how Indigenous youth, grandmothers in their eighties and others were convicted of ''criminal contempt'' for being on a road near an oil pipeline expansion project. On August 15th, 2018, as part of a research programme on intergenerational environmental justice, I sat in this gallery with other courtroom observers as a seventeen-year old Indigenous boy was sentenced by a white male judge for violating an injunction against impeding construction of an oil pipeline expansion project on his ancestral territory. The elder argued that the boy should not be deemed "guilty" of anything, that forced appearance at nine court proceedings, causing repeated sleepless nights and anxiety, was already more than enough punishment, and that the "criminal contempt" label needed to be appealed, with the pipeline violating Indigenous people''s rights on land never ceded to the British colonisers before the creation of Canada nor to any Canadian government thereafter. doi = 10.1016/j.polgeo.2020.102298 id = cord-272690-r8lv1zzx author = St. John, Ronald K. title = Border Screening for SARS date = 2005-01-17 keywords = Canada; SARS summary = With the rapid international spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) from March through May 2003, Canada introduced various measures to screen airplane passengers at selected airports for symptoms and signs of SARS. Because of the continuing outbreak in Toronto, domestic spread in other affected countries in Southeast Asia, and international spread to other countries, Health Canada intensified its initial response by instituting both inbound and outbound passenger screening to identify persons with symptoms or signs compatible with SARS. In parallel to these measures, Health Canada initiated a pilot study on May 8, 2003 , on the use of infrared thermal scanning machines to detect temperatures >38°C in selected international arriving and departing passengers at Vancouver''s International and Toronto''s Pearson International airports. Careful analysis of the travel histories of suspected and probable SARS patients who traveled to Canada showed that persons became ill after arrival and would not have been detected by airport screening measures. doi = 10.3201/eid1101.040835 id = cord-314104-dkm8396y author = Tam, Theresa W. S. title = Preparing for uncertainty during public health emergencies: What Canadian health leaders can do now to optimize future emergency response date = 2020-03-31 keywords = Canada; health; response summary = This article highlights principles and practices to assist health leaders in preparing for uncertainty, including integrating scalability to ensure response activities can be more easily adapted to suit evolving needs; assessing risk and capabilities to inform planning for appropriate response measures; and considering overall flexibility and adaptability of plans, systems, and resources. Another key principle involves taking a risk management approach to preparedness and response by conducting risk and capability assessments, to inform planning and response measures, and to identify gaps or enhancements that need to be addressed. The importance of risk communication, building and maintaining public trust and confidence, and cross health sector engagement are just a few of the key lessons that have been identified from past emergency responses. Health leaders need to prepare for uncertainty during an emergency response by developing, enhancing, and exercising resources-whether it be plans, people, or other resources-that can be flexible, scalable, and that are built on lessons learned and evidence-based practices. doi = 10.1177/0840470420917172 id = cord-263261-xhem8l39 author = Tulchinsky, Theodore H. title = Bismarck and the Long Road to Universal Health Coverage date = 2018-03-30 keywords = Canada; Health; National; States; United; World; care; country; system summary = Each nation will develop its own unique approach to national health systems, but there are models used by a number of countries based on principles of national responsibility for health, social solidarity for providing funding, and for effective ways of providing care with comprehensiveness, efficiency, quality, and cost containment. Health reform is necessarily a continuing process as all countries must adapt to face challenges of cost constraints, inequalities in access to care, aging populations, emergence of new disease conditions and advancing technology including the growing capacity of medicine, public health and health promotion. Despite rapid increases in health care expenditures during the 1970s and 1980s, despite improved health promotion activities and rapidly developing medical technology, the health status of the American population G Preventive programs strong tradition; screening for cancer; smoking reduction; food fortification, school lunch programs; nutrition support for poor pregnant women and children (WIC); G Hospitals obliged to provide emergency care to all regardless of insurance status, citizenship, legal status or ability to pay has improved less rapidly than that in other western countries and universal coverage has not been achieved. doi = 10.1016/b978-0-12-804571-8.00031-7 id = cord-317661-v93mde6l author = Vaid, Shashank title = Using Machine Learning to Estimate Unobserved COVID-19 Infections in North America date = 2020-05-07 keywords = Canada; infection summary = CONCLUSIONS: We have identified 2 key findings: (1) as of April 22, 2020, the United States may have had 1.5 to 2.029 times the number of reported infections and Canada may have had 1.44 to 2.06 times the number of reported infections and (2) even if we assume that the fatality and growth rates in the unobservable population (undetected infections) are similar to those in the observable population (confirmed infections), the number of undetected infections may be within ranges similar to those described above. We have identified 2 key findings: (1) as of April 22, 2020, the United States may have had 1.5 to 2.029 times the number of reported infections and Canada may have had 1.44 to 2.06 times the number of reported infections and (2) even if we assume that the fatality and growth rates in the unobservable population (undetected infections) are similar to those in the observable population (confirmed infections), the number of undetected infections may be within ranges similar to those described above. doi = 10.2106/jbjs.20.00715 id = cord-306798-f28264k3 author = Walsh, Geraldine M. title = Blood-Borne Pathogens: A Canadian Blood Services Centre for Innovation Symposium date = 2016-02-23 keywords = Africa; CBS; Canada; Ebola; NGS; WNV; blood; dna summary = Transfusion services can employ indirect measures such as surveillance, hemovigilance, and donor questioning (defense), protein-, or nucleic acid based direct testing (detection), or pathogen inactivation of blood products (destruction) as strategies to mitigate the risk of transmission-transmitted infection. Cost concerns make it likely that pathogen inactivation will be contemplated by blood operators through the lens of health economics and risk-based decision making, rather than in zero-risk paradigms previously embraced for transfusable products. Dr Margaret Fearon, CBS Medical Director, Medical Microbiology, and Assistant Professor, University of Toronto, discussed the current prevalence of classical transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs) in CBS blood donors, new and emerging infectious diseases, how CBS prepares for and manages new risks, and also addressed new paradigms for risk management. Other transfusion-transmissible diseases are currently being monitored as potential emerging threats to the safety of the blood supply, including babesiosis, hepatitis E, CHIKV, and dengue virus. doi = 10.1016/j.tmrv.2016.02.003 id = cord-025765-gd8217va author = Weersink, Alfons title = Economic thoughts on the potential implications of COVID‐19 on the Canadian dairy and poultry sectors date = 2020-05-06 keywords = COVID-19; Canada; March summary = The dumping of milk, the offering of hospitality size goods in grocery stores, and the closure of processing facilities are examples of the disruptions caused by the pandemic to the dairy, poultry, and egg sectors. Although there are significant short-term disruptions as highlighted by the dumping of milk and the temporary closure of poultry processing facilities, the focus on a domestic market by these sectors along with the stability and coordination of its supply management marketing systems has mitigated, to an extent, the economic implications of COVID-19. The discussion highlights the importance of distinguishing between the farm output (i.e., milk, chicken, and eggs) and the products stemming from that output, the difference in the demand for those products for home consumption versus dining out, and the difference in the distribution systems for grocery retailers and the hospitality industry. doi = 10.1111/cjag.12240 id = cord-341709-nzvon5hc author = Whitley, Jess title = Inclusion and equity in education: Current policy reform in Nova Scotia, Canada date = 2020-09-09 keywords = Canada; Education; Nova; Scotia; student summary = As with most other provinces and territories, inclusive education policy in Nova Scotia has broadened to include a lens of equity, with a focus on not only students with special education needs, but all students – particularly those most often marginalized by and within Canadian school systems. Recognition of continued disparities among student experiences and outcomes has propelled recent efforts in provinces including Nova Scotia to collect and share achievement and wellbeing-related data that is disaggregated in a number of ways (Ontario Ministry of Education 2017; UNICEF Canada 2019). Our current work in the province of Nova Scotia is an opportunity to examine the ways in which a new policy of inclusive education is understood and implemented in light of the broader Canadian and international discussions of equity and inclusion. doi = 10.1007/s11125-020-09503-z id = cord-284893-qi6dkcb3 author = Wilson, Kumanan title = Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease and the Canadian blood system after the tainted blood tragedy date = 2006-10-02 keywords = Canada; blood; canadian; policy summary = The objective of our overall study was to understand and compare the decision-making processes concerning two Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease-related decisions: a 1995 withdrawal of blood products from a classical CJD donor and a 1999 decision to defer donations from individuals who had traveled to the United Kingdom for 6 months during the peak of the BSE outbreak (1980) (1981) (1982) (1983) (1984) (1985) (1986) (1987) (1988) (1989) (1990) (1991) (1992) (1993) (1994) (1995) (1996) . In Canada three pieces of information played an important role in influencing the decision-making process leading to the donor deferral decision: (1) the risk of transmission of vCJD via blood products, (2) the impact of donor deferral on the blood supply, and (3) the degree of reduction in the blood supply the blood system could sustain. doi = 10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.08.023 id = cord-339058-jtj12571 author = Yassi, Annalee title = Trends in Injuries, Illnesses, and Policies in Canadian Healthcare Workplaces date = 2005-09-01 keywords = Canada; Health; Workers; injury summary = BACKGROUND: Analysis of workers'' compensation data and occupational health and safety trends in healthcare across Canada was conducted to provide insight concerning workplace injuries and prevention measures undertaken in the healthcare sector. While occupational health is a provincial jurisdiction, harmonizing data in addition to sharing data on successful prevention measures and best practices may improve workplace conditions and thereby further reduce injury rates for higher risk healthcare sector occupations. [95] [96] [97] [98] [99] [100] Health Canada commissioned this study to obtain an overview of trends in workers'' compensation claims and provincial-level prevention initiatives in order to gain insight into successful strategies for improving working conditions in healthcare. Timeloss injury and occupational disease data for 1992-2002 were collected from the National Work Injuries Statistics Program (NWISP) compiled by the Association of Workers'' Compensation Boards of Canada (AWCBC). doi = 10.1007/bf03404026 id = cord-002774-tpqsjjet author = nan title = Section II: Poster Sessions date = 2017-12-01 keywords = AIDS; Canada; Centre; City; Community; HCV; HIV; Health; India; MSM; National; New; Toronto; Vancouver; York; access; african; age; care; child; datum; drug; group; high; introduction; method; need; patient; population; poster; program; research; result; service; session; social; study; urban; woman; year summary = Results: The CHIP Framework The CHIP framework aims to improve the health and wellness of the urban communities served by St. Josephs Health Centre through four intersecting pillars: • Raising Community Voices provides an infrastructure and process that supports community stakeholder input into health care service planning, decision-making, and delivery by the hospital and across the continuum of care; • Sharing Reciprocal Capacity promotes healthy communities through the sharing of our intellectual and physical capacity with our community partners; • Cultivating Integration Initiatives facilitates vertical, horizontal, and intersectoral integration initiatives in support of community-identified needs and gaps; and • Facilitating Healthy Exchange develops best practices in community integration through community-based research, and facilitates community voice in informing public policy. doi = 10.1093/jurban/jti137