Summary of your 'study carrel' ============================== This is a summary of your Distant Reader 'study carrel'. The Distant Reader harvested & cached your content into a collection/corpus. It then applied sets of natural language processing and text mining against the collection. The results of this process was reduced to a database file -- a 'study carrel'. The study carrel can then be queried, thus bringing light specific characteristics for your collection. These characteristics can help you summarize the collection as well as enumerate things you might want to investigate more closely. This report is a terse narrative report, and when processing is complete you will be linked to a more complete narrative report. Eric Lease Morgan Number of items in the collection; 'How big is my corpus?' ---------------------------------------------------------- 143 Average length of all items measured in words; "More or less, how big is each item?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6347 Average readability score of all items (0 = difficult; 100 = easy) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 49 Top 50 statistically significant keywords; "What is my collection about?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 142 chinese 69 China 22 COVID-19 14 TCM 10 SARS 8 covid-19 6 disease 6 Health 6 Africa 5 western 5 effect 5 Taiwan 4 medicine 4 cell 4 USA 4 Hong 4 HIV 4 Fig 3 international 3 human 3 gene 3 extract 3 child 3 asian 3 anti 3 People 3 Kong 3 July 3 January 3 Ebola 3 Asia 3 AIDS 2 wildlife 2 virus 2 trade 2 tourism 2 student 2 sinensis 2 right 2 public 2 power 2 pandemic 2 old 2 internet 2 health 2 dna 2 development 2 culture 2 cordyceps 2 clinical Top 50 lemmatized nouns; "What is discussed?" --------------------------------------------- 3114 % 2483 study 2394 cell 2067 health 1996 disease 1729 treatment 1699 effect 1627 medicine 1580 country 1261 patient 1195 research 1163 people 1159 analysis 1155 activity 1151 system 1108 time 1084 year 1069 development 1052 case 1051 virus 1046 government 1039 level 938 population 926 datum 917 result 917 number 885 group 846 drug 818 medium 777 culture 773 child 762 model 756 student 741 rate 740 protein 738 world 730 state 730 infection 726 information 720 control 703 response 699 policy 683 process 683 coronavirus 682 gene 667 quality 664 symptom 663 factor 653 production 643 care Top 50 proper nouns; "What are the names of persons or places?" -------------------------------------------------------------- 6758 China 1817 al 1676 . 1411 et 1043 COVID-19 992 TCM 857 SARS 624 Health 602 HIV 581 Chinese 541 AIDS 467 US 439 Africa 398 Fig 385 Hong 369 Kong 358 Beijing 352 National 344 United 344 Taiwan 298 World 295 CHO 283 Asia 266 Russia 264 People 255 States 252 CoV-2 245 Li 236 Japan 234 USA 229 Wuhan 225 Ebola 224 Table 220 International 213 University 207 Radix 207 Medicine 203 C 193 March 192 Republic 188 South 188 Psoralea 181 m 180 Global 175 mg 175 East 174 West 173 NGOs 165 Australia 163 New Top 50 personal pronouns nouns; "To whom are things referred?" ------------------------------------------------------------- 3002 it 1874 we 1158 they 470 them 383 i 286 he 148 us 134 you 128 she 105 itself 84 themselves 70 one 36 him 27 her 25 me 17 ourselves 12 himself 10 herself 5 oneself 5 's 3 myself 3 mg 2 À0.001 2 y 2 theirs 2 t98hr 2 hers 1 大 1 zhongguomeng)"to 1 yī 1 thee 1 mtorc1 1 mine 1 l840 1 idrvs 1 https://www.wsj.com/articles/china-is-the-real-sick-man-of-asia-11580773677 Top 50 lemmatized verbs; "What do things do?" --------------------------------------------- 26689 be 7019 have 2334 use 1418 include 1173 show 1058 do 1050 base 992 increase 920 report 860 provide 837 make 826 find 673 relate 642 treat 633 develop 613 become 605 follow 570 reduce 565 take 562 improve 553 lead 548 induce 500 compare 494 see 491 identify 475 give 447 cause 434 suggest 434 accord 414 inhibit 413 associate 411 indicate 406 promote 376 support 374 consider 373 contain 357 demonstrate 352 need 352 focus 343 establish 341 control 339 know 338 affect 334 remain 331 involve 325 require 325 publish 324 obtain 313 grow 310 perform Top 50 lemmatized adjectives and adverbs; "How are things described?" --------------------------------------------------------------------- 4643 chinese 2506 not 2034 also 1990 - 1950 more 1576 high 1489 other 1405 such 1244 international 1121 social 1119 human 1043 well 1032 traditional 986 public 949 clinical 944 new 938 most 916 however 896 different 872 only 865 first 858 global 838 anti 823 many 778 economic 709 medical 707 large 696 as 658 low 650 political 641 national 586 important 571 western 554 major 532 old 513 significant 507 long 496 common 466 further 453 great 453 even 443 therefore 438 severe 426 active 424 specific 421 early 419 non 415 effective 414 herbal 410 online Top 50 lemmatized superlative adjectives; "How are things described to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 323 most 201 large 149 high 120 good 99 least 83 Most 47 late 35 low 24 bad 23 big 22 great 20 strong 14 old 12 busy 9 early 8 long 7 poor 5 fast 5 MOST 4 new 4 near 4 close 3 small 3 rich 3 # 2 wide 2 weak 2 smart 2 slow 2 simple 2 hexose 2 hard 2 fit 2 broad 1 wet 1 weird 1 warm 1 tough 1 topmost 1 thick 1 tall 1 strict 1 steep 1 staunch 1 stark 1 pure 1 postt 1 few 1 feedharv 1 eld Top 50 lemmatized superlative adverbs; "How do things do to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 615 most 70 least 19 well 8 fast 7 worst 6 hard 3 highest 1 long Top 50 Internet domains; "What Webbed places are alluded to in this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 doi.org 5 orcid.org 3 www.fmprc.gov 2 www.state.gov 2 www.nytimes.com 2 www.economist.com 2 www 2 twitter.com 2 twitter 2 mp.weixin.qq.com 2 en.people.cn 1 www.wsj.com 1 www.whitehouse.gov 1 www.washingtonpost.com 1 www.washingtonpost 1 www.uspto.gov 1 www.tkdl.res.in 1 www.taiwannews.com.tw 1 www.straitstimes.com 1 www.sepa.gov.cn 1 www.scmp.com 1 www.reuters.com 1 www.purui.cn 1 www.metahit.eu 1 www.mdpi.com 1 www.lifeline-express.com 1 www.gov.mo 1 www.g3journal.org 1 www.frontiersin.org 1 www.decode 1 www.cnrs-gif.fr 1 www.cnki.net 1 www.bloomberg.com 1 www.axios 1 www.aljazeera.com 1 www.aierchina.com 1 www.abc.net.au 1 wq.zfwlxt.com 1 world.huanqiu 1 thediplomat.com 1 sourceforge.net 1 pubmed.ncbi 1 pnirs.ansc.illinois.edu 1 pnirs 1 nyti.ms 1 nlp.qq.com 1 hei.unige.ch 1 healthcare-economist.com 1 genome.ucsc.edu 1 engli Top 50 URLs; "What is hyperlinked from this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------- 5 http://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.19.20032532 3 http://www.fmprc.gov 2 http://www 2 http://twitter 2 http://doi.org/10 1 http://www.wsj.com/articles/china-is-the-real-sick-man-of-asia-11580773677 1 http://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-president-trump-actions-china/ 1 http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/cdc-director-rejects-labelchinese-virus-after-trump-mccarthy-tweets/2020/03/10/58bd086c-62e5-11ea-b3fc-7841686c5c57_story.html 1 http://www.washingtonpost 1 http://www.uspto.gov/ 1 http://www.tkdl.res.in 1 http://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3828785 1 http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/beijing-allows-taipei-to-evacuatetaiwanese-in-wuhan 1 http://www.state.gov/secretary-michael-r-pompeowith-martha-raddatz-of-abcs-this-week-with-george-stephanopoulos/ 1 http://www.state.gov/chinese-action-against-journalists/ 1 http://www.sepa.gov.cn/natu/swdyx/swwzzybh/200211/t20021118_83384.htm 1 http://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3082687/trumpthreatens-phase-one-trade-deal-if-china-us200 1 http://www.reuters.com/article/worldNews/ 1 http://www.purui.cn 1 http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/us/coronavirus-us-cases.html 1 http://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/09/us/politics/china-journalistsus-visa-crackdown.html 1 http://www.metahit.eu/ 1 http://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/7/1273/s1 1 http://www.lifeline-express.com/index 1 http://www.gov.mo 1 http://www.g3journal.org/lookup/ 1 http://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh 1 http://www.economist.com/united-states/2020/05/09/there-isless-trust-between-washington-and-beijing-than-at-any-point-since-1979 1 http://www.economist.com/leaders/2020/05/09/the-pandemic-is-driving-america-andchina-further-apart 1 http://www.decode 1 http://www.cnrs-gif.fr 1 http://www.cnki.net 1 http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-04-01/chinaconcealed-extent-of-virus-outbreak-u-s-intelligence-says 1 http://www.axios 1 http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/05/trump-confident-coronavirus-originated-chinese-lab-200501003915123.html 1 http://www.aierchina.com/en/ 1 http://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-05-01/chinastate-media-propaganda-video-mock-us-coronavirus/12204836 1 http://wq.zfwlxt.com/ 1 http://world.huanqiu 1 http://twitter.com/mfa_ 1 http://twitter.com/MFA_ 1 http://thediplomat.com/2020/02/taiwans-coronavirus-response-hits-obstacles-set-bychinese-government/ 1 http://sourceforge.net/projects/glean-gene/ 1 http://pubmed.ncbi 1 http://pnirs.ansc.illinois.edu/# 1 http://pnirs 1 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7692-052X 1 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5604-1229 1 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5246-0290 1 http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9579-1463 Top 50 email addresses; "Who are you gonna call?" ------------------------------------------------- 1 xavier.lories@arlenda.com 1 v.medvedev@univercells.com 1 lena.schober@ipa.fraunhofer.de 1 jcim@163.com 1 heijden@proteonic.nl 1 bpgoffice@wjgnet.com 1 annah.zhu@wur.nl Top 50 positive assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-noun?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14 china is not 12 china has also 9 china is also 8 china is still 8 study did not 7 china has not 6 china does not 6 china is generally 5 % is small 5 china did not 5 china is now 5 people do not 4 china has more 4 data have not 4 government does not 4 government has also 4 government has not 4 populations did not 4 studies did not 4 studies have also 4 study was not 3 % did not 3 activity was about 3 china has already 3 china has often 3 china is likely 3 china leads vaccine 3 government are no 3 medicine is also 3 medicine is not 3 studies have already 3 study are available 3 study has several 3 tcm is still 3 treatment does not 3 treatments were more 3 treatments were significantly 3 virus is far 3 virus is not 3 virus is still 3 virus was first 2 % do not 2 % have not 2 % is sufficiently 2 % provided negative 2 % were buddhists 2 % were married 2 activities are not 2 activities were also 2 activity did not Top 50 negative assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-no|not-noun?" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 government are no longer 2 china does not only 2 china has not yet 2 china is no exception 2 china is no longer 2 data are not available 2 data were not available 2 government does not fully 2 medicine is not only 2 virus is not dangerous 1 % had no plans 1 % had no sewage 1 % had no significant 1 % have no particular 1 % see no relation 1 % see no relationship 1 activities are not necessarily 1 activities do not directly 1 activity was not attributable 1 analysis showed no significant 1 cases are not limited 1 cells were no longer 1 china are not unaware 1 china does not off 1 china had no sources 1 china has not actively 1 china has not only 1 china is not clear 1 china is not fully 1 china is not only 1 china made no secret 1 china reported no domestic 1 china was not able 1 china was not only 1 countries have no territorial 1 countries is not only 1 country were not available 1 covid-19 does not necessarily 1 covid-19 is not unexpected 1 covid-19 was not clear 1 data have not yet 1 data is not available 1 development does not necessarily 1 disease is not just 1 disease is not properly 1 disease was not so 1 diseases does not necessarily 1 effects are not incompatible 1 government has not yet 1 government was not good A rudimentary bibliography -------------------------- id = cord-284946-3y16j3ts author = Addo, Isaac Yeboah title = Double Pandemic: Racial Discrimination amid Corona virus Disease 2019 date = 2020-10-20 keywords = chinese; covid-19; discrimination; racial summary = As the UN, human rights institutions, governments, and civil society groups and movements continue to promote greater acceptance of people from different racial categories and encourage greater respect for human rights across the globe, the numerous reports of racial discrimination against non-citizens and people of colour in the fight against the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) demonstrate that more work is needed to achieve the UN''s goal of eliminating all forms of racial discrimination. Factors associated with the racial discrimination against non-citizens and people of colour during this pandemic are complex and may include post-colonial perception of racial superiority, fear of COVID-19 infection, ''inflammatory'' comments by significant public figures, vengeance for fellow citizens who have experienced abuse elsewhere, and perception of differences in COVID-19 susceptibility due to differences in phenotypic physical features. The racial discrimination associated with the COVID-19 pandemic has intensified existing health vulnerabilities of non-citizens and people of colour [14, 38] . doi = 10.1016/j.ssaho.2020.100074 id = cord-334401-i5dz7ufc author = Adja, K.Y.C. title = Pandemics and social stigma: Who''s next? Italy''s experience with COVID-19 date = 2020-06-04 keywords = chinese summary = Italians were taking no precautions at that time and this worried the Chinese community who knew how serious the situation was and that it was fundamental to adopt non-pharmaceutical public health measures to mitigate the risk of COVID-19. Public Health 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 The behavior of the Chinese community may have played an important role in avoiding the spread of the virus, and had their conduct been taken as an example from the start, nobody knows what the history of the pandemic could have been. doi = 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.05.054 id = cord-264675-w8ptpg0b author = Bai, Chengke title = Growth years and post-harvest processing methods have critical roles on the contents of medicinal active ingredients of Scutellaria baicalensis date = 2020-12-15 keywords = active; chinese summary = title: Growth years and post-harvest processing methods have critical roles on the contents of medicinal active ingredients of Scutellaria baicalensis In addition, the effects of six different post-harvest treatments on the contents of active ingredients were systematically designed and compared to determine the best primary processing technology. For the effects of different processing treatments, the contents of four main active ingredients (baicalin, wogonoside, baicalein, and wogonin) under drying (D) and cutting-drying (C–D) treatments were significantly higher than those of the other four treatments (P ≤ 0.05). Specifically, the processing methods including removing impurities, stacking, steaming, slicing, and drying have significant effects on the contents of active ingredients of Chinese medicinal materials (Nozad et al., 2016; Guo et al., 2015; Azizi, 2008) . baicalensis from growing 1-15 years were compared and analyzed to determine the optimal harvest time; (2) six medicinal active ingredients in the parts of stele and cortex in roots of 2-year and 15-year old S. doi = 10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112985 id = cord-310856-9dc9bqv8 author = Bardhan, Pranab title = The Chinese governance system: Its strengths and weaknesses in a comparative development perspective date = 2020-06-30 keywords = China; India; Party; chinese summary = Compared to other developing countries like India, it has special positive features of career incentives promoting growth at the local level, the ability to take long-term decisions relatively quickly, and a unique blend of political centralization and decentralization of economic power and responsibility, that is conducive to central guidance and local business development. On the other hand, with a lack of sufficient downward (as opposed to upward) accountability and absence of institutionalized systems of scrutiny and challenge from below, mistakes or abuse of power are more difficult to check and correct quickly, political loyalty may often get a premium over performance at the upper levels, and there are insufficient checks on collusion between business and officials. In any case such a general system of promotion has at least one important implication compared to other countries: Since performance incentives operate at least at the lower levels, higher-level leaders, even when they are selected on the basis of their loyalty to the current leadership at the top, are likely to have some measure of field-tested competence and experience. doi = 10.1016/j.chieco.2020.101430 id = cord-235946-6vu34vce author = Beskow, David M. title = Social Cybersecurity Chapter 13: Casestudy with COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-08-23 keywords = COVID-19; Twitter; account; chinese; figure summary = With the pandemic as the backdrop of life as we write this book, it seemed appropriate to use the social cybersecurity tools that we discussed in the previous chapters to identify and understand information operations related to There are still many questions as well as competing narratives about the origins and nature of the COVID-19 coronavirus disease. This chapter will showcase the use of social cybersecurity tools and theory to identify and characterize information operations in the COVID-19 related Twitter Stream. Finally, at the end of our exploratory data analysis, we will try to find out if any accounts have been suspended by Twitter since contributing content to our stream. The adjusted performance is provided in Table Since the Bot-Hunter Tier 1 algorithm is our primary algorithm, we''ve visualized the probability distribution for all COVID-19 Accounts in Figure 6a with threshold = 0.5 and threshold = 0.65. doi = nan id = cord-033146-2v1kuq50 author = Boylan, Brandon M. title = US–China Relations: Nationalism, the Trade War, and COVID-19 date = 2020-10-04 keywords = China; President; Trump; USA; chinese; economic; trade summary = doi = 10.1007/s40647-020-00302-6 id = cord-022316-mh4pslnv author = Breda, Zélia title = Safety and Security Issues Affecting Inbound Tourism in the People''s Republic of China date = 2009-11-16 keywords = China; SARS; Square; Taiwan; Tiananmen; chinese; tourism summary = Although there is no evidence of a threat from global terrorism in the People''s Republic of China (PRC) and the country''s image is seen as generally safe, there are some issues related to political instability, health, safety and security concerns that have caused disruptions in growth rates. Since safety and security directly influence decisions in international travel, this chapter researches the consequences of relevant events that have caused major disturbances in inbound tourism in the PRC, namely the Tiananmen Square incident and the outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Other epidemic diseases (such as HIV/AIDS, avian influenza, and mosquito-borne diseases); crime directed at foreigners in major cities and tourist areas; road and air safety; natural disasters (earthquakes, flooding, and typhoons); crossstrait relations; and restrictions on public demonstrations, political, and religious activities constitute important considerations that will be also addressed throughout the chapter. doi = 10.1016/b978-0-7506-7898-8.50017-5 id = cord-260565-cdthfl5f author = Burkle, Frederick M. title = Declining Public Health Protections within Autocratic Regimes: Impact on Global Public Health Security, Infectious Disease Outbreaks, Epidemics, and Pandemics date = 2020-04-02 keywords = Africa; China; Health; Korea; SARS; chinese; public summary = While China is seeking to adhere as much as possible to the underlying norms and rules of global institutions," reemphasizing that China after SARS "perhaps [needs] to reframe health as a global public good that is available to each and every individual of the world, rather than merely as an issue of concern to nation-states." 37 In a rare openness, rarely seen before, the normally secretive Xi admitted at a meeting to coordinate the fight against the virus that China must learn from "obvious shortcomings exposed during its response." Yet given the second-guessing that always surfaces in these tragedies, "it cannot be denied that the Chinese government tried to control the narrative, another sign of irrational hubris, and as a result, the contagion was allowed to spread, contributing to equally irrational fear." A China researcher for Human Rights Watch (New York USA) noted: "authorities are as equally, if not more, concerned with silencing criticism as with containing the spread of the coronavirus. doi = 10.1017/s1049023x20000424 id = cord-309997-iwueedmm author = Chan, C.H. title = Post-traumatic stress disorder among Chinese women survivors of intimate partner violence: A review of the literature date = 2010-03-19 keywords = IPV; PTSD; chinese; western summary = authors: Chan, C.H.; Tiwari, A.; Fong, D.Y.T.; Ho, P.C. title: Post-traumatic stress disorder among Chinese women survivors of intimate partner violence: A review of the literature The authors conducted a systematic search for relevant English language publications in computerized databases (Pubmed, Medline, PsychINFO, CINAHL, EMBASE and Google Scholar) using the keywords intimate partner violence, domestic violence, partner violence, sexual abuse, physical violence, abused women, battered women, posttraumatic stress disorder, PTSD, PTSD symptoms, trauma, traumatic stress, post-traumatic responses, mental disorder, and Chinese or Asian, with date restrictions from 1900 to June 2009. Although none of the studies reviewed focused on the relationship between psychological abuse and PTSD in Chinese women, an earlier study of Japanese-American women found that those women who had experienced emotional, but not physical, violence reported increased post-traumatic stress symptoms relative to those with no history of partner violence (Yoshihama and Horrocks, 2002) . doi = 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2010.01.003 id = cord-273941-gu6nnv9d author = Chandran, Uma title = Chapter 5 Network Pharmacology date = 2017-12-31 keywords = TCM; Triphala; chinese; disease; drug; network; target summary = doi = 10.1016/b978-0-12-801814-9.00005-2 id = cord-337546-60xq8dpg author = Chang, Chia-Chien title = Weaponized Interdependence: China''s Economic Statecraft and Social Penetration against Taiwan date = 2020-12-31 keywords = China; Hong; Party; Taiwan; chinese; power; taiwanese summary = Just as great powers did in history, China has been engaging in the "5M" approach of economic statecraft and social penetration against Taiwan: money, manpower exchange, misinformation, mooching (cultivating compradors), and magnifying (propagating the "Chinese Dream"). For example, although the data shows that in recent years Taiwan''s economic situation has been relatively stable, compared with most of the countries in the region, as well as globally, still a substantial portion of Taiwanese population think that the ruling party Democratic Progressive Party (DDP) and incumbent president Tsai Ing-wen did not handle the economy or cross-Strait relations well. 38 China has launched its social penetration operations through those channels, and two are most influential: religious networks established by local temples and quasiillegal organizations, and various "cross-Strait exchange groups." Traditionally, China used to manipulate these two channels to penetrate the whole Taiwanese society, including both the younger generation and the grassroots. doi = 10.1016/j.orbis.2020.02.002 id = cord-342852-8wlqbwdi author = Chen, Jie title = Risk factors for depression and anxiety in healthcare workers deployed during the COVID-19 outbreak in China date = 2020-09-10 keywords = COVID-19; chinese; depression summary = The increased workload, respiratory symptoms, digestive symptoms, having done specific test(s) related to COVID-19, having family member needs to be taken care of, negative coping style, and job burnout were the independent risk factors of anxiety. Furthermore, the increased workload, respiratory symptoms, digestive symptoms, having done specific test(s) related to COVID-19, negative coping style, and job burnout were the independent risk factors of depression. Therefore, we conducted this cross-sectional study to evaluate the prevalence of symptoms of anxiety and depression of healthcare workers during COVID-19 epidemic and to identify associated risk factors. We found that self-rated increase in workload, having respiratory symptoms, having digestive symptoms, having done specific test(s) related to COVID-19, negative coping style, and job burnout were independent risk factors for both anxiety and depression. Multiple factors, including having respiratory or digestive symptoms, having done specific test(s) related to COVID-19, self-reported increase in work intensity, negative coping style, and job burnout, participate in the anxiety or depression of healthcare workers. doi = 10.1007/s00127-020-01954-1 id = cord-353427-m7xwsqdk author = Cheng, Peng title = Psychometric Property Study of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) in Chinese Healthcare Workers during the Outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019 date = 2020-08-23 keywords = PCL-5; PTSD; chinese summary = title: Psychometric Property Study of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) in Chinese Healthcare Workers during the Outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019 BACKGROUND: Previous studies about the reliability and validity of the updated PCL version for the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (PCL-5) have only been evaluated in certain samples of the population, which lacks in the sample of Healthcare Workers. While there are many other instruments studied and being used in different settings, this article focuses on the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), a 20-item self-report measure that assesses the presence and severity of PTSD symptoms (Weathers FW et al., 2013 number of core symptoms, it appears to be effective and reliable, and performs as well yields similar results as longer and more complex measurements (Brewin, 2005) . doi = 10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.038 id = cord-266211-cz7m1iqk author = Cheng, Tsung O. title = The current state of cardiology in China date = 2004-03-25 keywords = China; Fig; chinese; coronary; disease summary = As was recently reported from the Fu Wai Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing [52] , where I performed China''s first selective cine coronary arteriogram in 1973 [6] , in an analysis of 9196 cases from October 1987 to December 2000, death, myocardial infarction, stroke, serious arrhythmias, peripheral vascular complications, and allergic reactions to the contrast media were 0.02%, 0.01%, 0.01%, 0.29%, 0.26%, and 0.04%, respectively, as compared to 0.10%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.47%, 0.46%, and 0.23% in an analysis of 222,553 cases between 1984 and 1987 from the Registry of the Society for Cardiac Angiography and Interventions [53] . doi = 10.1016/j.ijcard.2003.10.011 id = cord-310232-n10ciwy6 author = Cheung, Wing title = Maternal anxiety and feelings of control during labour: A study of Chinese first-time pregnant women date = 2007-06-30 keywords = LAS; chinese; control summary = Abstract Objective to explore and examine the relationship between maternal anxiety levels and feelings of control during labour among Hong Kong Chinese first-time pregnant women. Recent studies have suggested that feelings of control during labour are one of the important factors contributing to maternal childbirth satisfaction (Gibbins and Thomson, 2001) , and women should be empowered through knowledge of what to expect from accurate information received about the birth process. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between Hong Kong Chinese first-time pregnant women''s anxiety levels and their feelings of control during labour. It was envisaged that the results of this study could (1) increase understanding of the psychological parameters of Chinese women in childbirth; (2) help in explaining women''s unspoken high anxiety level and its relationship with their feelings of control during labour; and (3) help midwives to develop appropriate strategies to enhance positive childbirth experience for their clients. doi = 10.1016/j.midw.2006.05.001 id = cord-321041-51b7oh8s author = Chiappelli, Francesco title = 2019-nCoV - Towards a 4th generation vaccine date = 2020-02-12 keywords = January; chinese summary = Yet, the World Health Organization officially announced that there is still at present no recommended anti-nCoV vaccine for subject at-risk, nor treatment for patients with suspected or confirmed nCoV, let alone 2019-nCov. It is therefore timely and critical to propose new possible and practical approaches for preventive interventions for subjects at-risk, and for treatment of patients afflicted with 2019-nCov-induced disease (Corona Virus Disease 2019; COVID-19) before the present situation explodes into a worldwide pandemic. While the development of a vaccine of the 1 st , 2 nd or 3 rd generation against the spike protein is possible but time consuming, it is therefore timely ad critical to propose new possible and practical approaches for preventing infection of subjects at-risk and for treatment intervention of patients infected with 2019-nCov, or any other CoV for that matter. doi = 10.6026/97320630016139 id = cord-008692-y61sg1q9 author = Congdon, Nathan G. title = A Tale of Two Systems: Health Reform in China and the United States date = 2010-02-25 keywords = China; chinese summary = Governmentaffiliated organizations such as the Disabled People''s Federation are active in nearly every county nationwide, partnering with local providers to carry out large-scale cataract screening activities and free or low-cost surgery. While important differences exist between the US and China (high prevalence of hepatitis B, the need for some rural patients to travel long distances for surgery), the preponderance of available data suggests that a practice of universal admission and extensive preoperative laboratory testing for cataract surgical patients is unlikely to be beneficial. Non-governmental organizations and the Chinese government need to limit free surgery to those few areas where patients are truly unable to pay, and to involve local rural surgeons in all programs. By 2050, China''s population older than 80 years of age will increase to 83 million, 11 raising significant financial challenges to the long-term sustainability of activities such as the Million Cataract Project, and even such critical programs as NCMS. doi = 10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.01.025 id = cord-295500-j84v1k1o author = Conway, J. title = Chinese and British Hospitalised Patients with COVID-19—a Comparative Case Series Analysis date = 2020-07-18 keywords = british; chinese summary = The most striking difference is the significantly older age of the British population (72% of the British ≥ 66 years compared to only 3% of the Chinese patients, difference of 69%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 68.3% to 69.7%, respectively) and the associated significant premorbid conditions (85% of patients vs 32%, difference of 53%, 95% CI 52 to 54%, respectively). In this case series, we aimed to describe a comparative analysis between a Chinese and a British cohort to explore the differences of COVID-19 patients between the two countries. Later on, a report for Italy, published in April 2020, showed that mortality rate has risen to 12%, most cases that died were > 70 years old, a male to female ratio of 3:1 with at least 1 comorbidity and cardiovascular disease was the highest risk condition. This suggests that older age and comorbidities were more common in European cohorts affected by COVID-19 than in China, and they have a significant impact on mortality difference between the two continents. doi = 10.1007/s42399-020-00414-w id = cord-275813-iddn9onx author = Croddy, Eric title = Rat poison and food security in the People’s Republic of China: focus on tetramethylene disulfotetramine (tetramine) date = 2003-10-09 keywords = China; PRC; chinese summary = One rat poison, tetramine (tetramethylene disulfotetramine) is responsible for a great percentage of death and injury in the People''s Republic of China (PRC). Tetramine is an acutely toxic substance with human oral toxicity estimated as low as 0.1 mg/kg, and is widely available in open markets in mainland China—this despite being prohibited for manufacture or sale in the PRC. With no known effective antidote at this time, clinical data from the PRC show that acute cases of tetramine poisoning are extremely difficult to treat. Except for Tibet, open-source data from all mainland Chinese provinces have recorded major poisoning epiFig. 1 Three different structural representations of the same compound, tetramine sodes involving prohibited rodenticides (Zhou and Deng 2002) . In China, the rural customer has been particularly fond of rodenticides that act quickly, however, including the acutely toxic poisons that have been prohibited by the Chinese government. doi = 10.1007/s00204-003-0509-0 id = cord-022161-quns9b84 author = Cui, Shunji title = China in the Fight Against the Ebola Crisis: Human Security Perspectives date = 2018-09-02 keywords = Africa; China; Ebola; Health; Security; chinese summary = The crisis turned the global securitization of health issues into unprecedented levels, at the same time, aligned closely with human security frameworks and thus has significant impacts on national foreign and aid policies. After the August/September 2014 announcement by the WHO that Ebola was a ''public health emergency of international concern'' and the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) declaration that Ebola was a ''threat to international peace and security,'' many countries as well as international organizations, non-governmental organizations, companies and individuals participated in the fight against this unprecedented challenge to humanity. Of course, in the process of engaging in the global effort to fight Ebola, China did cooperate with many countries and international and regional organizations by providing financial support to the UN, the WHO and the AU, and assisting them in playing leading and coordinating roles. doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-95240-6_8 id = cord-262936-yo6jf3ng author = Deng, Jia-gang title = Carry forward advantages of traditional medicines in prevention and control of outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-06-02 keywords = COVID-19; SARS; chinese; medicine summary = This paper manly reviews the achievements of the implementation of the epidemic prevention and control plan, advances of scientific basic studies on SARS-CoV-2, analysis and screening of potential targets and pathways of antiviral compounds based on network pharmacology and development of antiviral food dual-use products. After the outbreak of COVID-19, the research team of GXUCM responded actively, and the application for two special science and technology projects to prevent and control pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 in Guangxi in 2020 was approved, including Sino-Singapore cooperation for evaluating the effectiveness and application of Guangxi Zhuang/Yao medicines against In summary, this paper manly contents achievements of the implementation of the epidemic prevention and control plan, advance of scientific basic studies on SARS-CoV-2, analysis and screening of potential targets and pathways of antiviral compounds based on network pharmacology and development of antiviral food dual-use products. doi = 10.1016/j.chmed.2020.05.003 id = cord-286531-3syf6upw author = Dong, Chuanmei title = Young Children’s Online Learning during COVID-19 Pandemic: Chinese Parents’ Beliefs and Attitudes date = 2020-09-08 keywords = child; chinese; learning; online summary = doi = 10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105440 id = cord-323307-nu9ib62h author = Dong, Dong title = The genomes of two bat species with long constant frequency echolocation calls date = 2016-10-26 keywords = bat; chinese; gene; supplementary summary = For homology-based gene prediction, the protein sequences of human, mouse, dog, cow, little brown bat and large flying fox were downloaded from Ensembl Release 72 and mapped onto the repeat-masked genome using GenBlastA (She, et al. Moreover, we identified 577, 453 and 182 positively selected genes in the great leaf-nosed bat, the Chinese rufous horseshoe bat and the large flying fox, (Supplementary Tables S10, 11, 12), respectively. Clade model C implemented in PAML was employed (Weadick and Chang 2012) , and the result also persisted that more positively selected genes were detected in the branches leading to echolocating bats (Supplementary Table S20 ). The genome re-sequencing analysis has been performed based generally on the following considerations: 1) to characterize the genetic diversity and patterns of evolution; 2) to understand the genetic bases of adaptation to high altitude in the great leaf-nosed bats. doi = 10.1093/molbev/msw231 id = cord-333479-d0mgma42 author = Duan, Li title = An investigation of mental health status of children and adolescents in China during the outbreak of COVID-19 date = 2020-07-02 keywords = China; child; chinese; internet summary = Moreover, multiple linear regression and bivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between outcome variables (the reported level of anxiety and clinical depressive symptom) and potential predictors (e.g. concerns related to the epidemic, smartphone/internet addiction, and coping style) while adjusting for other identified explanatory variables. Additionally, in order to further analyze the significant factors associated with the level of respondent'' anxiety, we conducted multiple linear regression analysis and obtained the following factors to construct a multiple linear regression model of anxiety: clinical depression levels, implementation of the precaution and control measures, sex, family member or friend was infected with coronavirus, occupation of the mother involved in the epidemic, region (e.g., rural, urban), and emotion-focused coping style, which accounted for 31.0% of the total variance ( Table 5) . doi = 10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.029 id = cord-268179-bmtfanax author = Fan, Jingchun title = Bibliometric Analysis on COVID-19: A Comparison of Research Between English and Chinese Studies date = 2020-08-14 keywords = COVID-19; China; chinese; english summary = Conclusions: The publications in English have enabled medical practitioners and scientists to share/exchange information, while on the other hand, the publications in the Chinese language have provided complementary educational approaches for the local medical practitioners to understand the essential and key information to manage COVID-19 in the relatively remote regions of China, for the general population with a general level of education. We set either twice or four times as the minimum frequency of keywords occurrence in English or Chinese publications, respectively, reflecting the number of included studies (143 or 721, respectively) and the consequent analysis results. The publications in English have enabled doctors/scientists to share/exchange information at the international level; the publications in the Chinese language provides complementary educational approaches for the local doctors to understand the essential and key information to manage COVID-19 in the relatively remote regions of China for the general population. doi = 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00477 id = cord-253182-s60vzf3q author = Fang, Evandro F. title = A research agenda for ageing in China in the 21st century (2nd edition): Focusing on basic and translational research, long-term care, policy and social networks date = 2020-09-21 keywords = China; Fig; HIV; Health; National; age; care; chinese; disease; elderly; old summary = doi = 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101174 id = cord-303217-xdi9b6a7 author = Feng, Yibin title = Bear bile: dilemma of traditional medicinal use and animal protection date = 2009-01-12 keywords = China; Coptis; bear; bile; chinese summary = doi = 10.1186/1746-4269-5-2 id = cord-303581-wowtg63z author = Gao, Grace title = Opposing the toxic apartheid: The painted veil of COVID‐19 pandemic, race and racism date = 2020-08-08 keywords = chinese; racism; white summary = This article is a personal reflection of how the coronavirus exposes ''shocking'' levels of racism against us, and our vulnerability as Chinese women living in Britain. Whilst we are hesitant to risk our bodies being assaulted physically and verbally, it takes courage to unveil our vulnerabilities as the ''targets'' of this viral racist attack associated with ''Chinese virus'' and ''Kung flu''racist terms publicly promoted by politicians such as U.S. President Trump (Guardian, 2020a) . By reflecting the ample manifestations of maskaphobia, prejudice and racial discrimination connected to the coronavirus against Chinese in Britain, we break our silence and speak up against the increasing anti-Chinese rhetoric, with whom we are in solidarity and to whom we offer our labour, time and support as a driver of resistance. A Chinese postgraduate student was reported being verbally and physically abused for wearing a face mask when she was walking alone in Sheffield (Jones, This article is protected by copyright. doi = 10.1111/gwao.12523 id = cord-278117-hypyxzk2 author = Gao, Wayne title = Geo temporal distribution of 1,688 Chinese healthcare workers infected with COVID-19 in severe conditions, a secondary data analysis date = 2020-03-23 keywords = chinese summary = Method Using the descriptive results recently reported by the Chinese CDC, we compare the percentage of infected healthcare workers in severe conditions over time and across three areas in China, and the fatality rate of infected healthcare workers with all the infected individuals in China aged 22 to 59 years. Results Among the infected Chinese healthcare workers whose symptoms onset appeared during the same ten day period, the percentage of those in severe conditions decreased statistical significantly from 19.7% (Jan 11 to 20) to 14.4% (Jan 21 to 31) to 8.7% (Feb 1 to 11). Among the infected Chinese healthcare workers whose symptoms onset appeared during the same ten-day period, the percentage of those in severe conditions decreased statistical significantly from 19.7% (Jan 11 -20) to 14.4% (Jan 21 -31) to 8.7% (Feb 1 -11). Of the 149 Chinese health workers who were infected with COVID-19 outside of Wuhan City after February 1, only 4% were in severe condition (6/149) and there were no deaths. doi = 10.1101/2020.03.19.20032532 id = cord-017149-cegevjw8 author = Gassmann, Oliver title = The Internationalization Challenge: Where to Access Innovation date = 2018-05-11 keywords = China; Novartis; Shanghai; chinese; r&d summary = Only in recent years, starting in the mid-1990s, increased competition from within and outside their industries forced companies from large countries to source technological knowledge on a global scale. As a result, the top pharmaceutical companies today have R&D locations in all major markets, not just for the coordination of local clinical development projects but also for discovery research. A study of 9452 R&D sites across various industries (including automotive, engineering, electrical, IT, software, food, chemical and pharmaceutical companies) produced the following overall results concerning international R&D locations (see also von Zedtwitz and Gassmann 2016): As a result, pharma companies started to invest more strategically in R&D in China, in the expectation to access the natural resource base in China, and to tap into an increasingly large body of medical researchers and pharmaceutical scientists. AstraZeneca doubled down on its 2003 start in clinical research in China and in 2007 added a US$100 million investment in its new AstraZeneca Innovation Center in Shanghai. doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-66833-8_7 id = cord-355120-fg8iqhxq author = Gong, Linna title = The Herba Patriniae (Caprifoliaceae): A Review on Traditional uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Quality Control date = 2020-08-23 keywords = Herba; Patrinia; chinese; extract summary = ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Herba Patriniae has been used for thousands of years in China as a traditional Chinese medicine with heat-clearing and detoxicating effects. CONCLUSION: Herba Patriniae has displayed a significant medicinal value in clinic, but the differences in phytochemistry, pharmacological effects and the content of compounds have been found between two official recorded species. Traditional Chinese medicine composition for treating 999 gynecological tubal blockage and preparation method thereof Traditional Chinese medicine composition for treating horse 1082 sinus abscess and preparation method thereof Traditional Chinese medicine composition for treating tail 1084 preparation method thereof Traditional Chinese medicine 1274 composition for treating lung cancer with phlegm and blood stasis syndrome and 1275 preparation method thereof Traditional Chinese medicine composition for treating 1325 dysmenorrhea and preparation method thereof Traditional Chinese medicine formula for treating breast diseases and 1360 preparation method thereof Application of Herba Patriniae and traditional Chinese medicine 1489 composition for treating pig blue ear disease doi = 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113264 id = cord-280691-nzc8ir0n author = Guo, Sun-Wei title = China’s “Gene War of the Century” and Its Aftermath: The Contest Goes On date = 2013-08-30 keywords = Anhui; China; Harvard; chinese; disease; dna; gene; genetic summary = Around 1997, and amid the talks of Hong Kong''s upcoming return to China and later the Asian financial crisis, a recurring topic in the Chinese media was the so-called ''''gene war of the century'''': the lopsided condemnation of foreign scientists coming purportedly to pilfer China''s vast genetic resources for a profit. Despite his repeated proclamation as a staunch and unwavering patriot loyal to his beloved motherland and dedicated to the advancement of China''s science and technology, he nonetheless later became embroiled in an avalanche of controversies surrounding the ''''gene war.'''' He effectively became a lightning rod for all the controversy on genetic resources, intellectual rights, informed consent, and the protection of human research subjects. (2) Chinese scientists should immediately grasp the opportunity to find disease genes and patent them; (3) We should educate the people, and raise the awareness and importance of protection of our genetic resources; (4) We welcome all international collaborations based on fairness and mutual benefits; (5) Through various avenues, the Chinese scientists should be vocal about certain views deemed to be harmful to China''s genetic research (Xiao et al. doi = 10.1007/s11024-013-9237-7 id = cord-018070-js9vvsud author = Hayes, Anna Marie title = Human Insecurity in the People’s Republic of China: The Vulnerability of Chinese Women to HIV/AIDS date = 2011-10-13 keywords = AIDS; China; HIV; Interviewee; chinese summary = comm., 27 August) , 3 who was the Director of a government organization that played a key role in HIV/ AIDS prevention and treatment, responded that she believed ''women are less vulnerable [than men] to HIV/AIDS'' and that women''s vulnerability to HIV/AIDS largely depended on whether a woman was a sex worker, an intravenous drug user (IDU), if she had donated her blood, had a blood transfusion or had used other blood products (Interviewee D 2003, pers. Furthermore, she concluded that in south-west China for instance, promotion of condom use in sexual relationships was absolutely necessary because the main route of HIV infection for men there has been IDU and for women, it was through heterosexual intercourse ''within the family, within marriage, it''s not through commercial sex workers'' (Interviewee B 2003, pers. doi = 10.1007/978-94-007-1799-2_2 id = cord-273388-615acz0l author = He, Miao title = The Impact of Emerging Infectious Diseases on Chinese Blood Safety() date = 2016-11-04 keywords = China; DENV; EID; blood; chinese summary = doi = 10.1016/j.tmrv.2016.10.002 id = cord-293372-saqoft9p author = Heffner, Kelley title = Expanded Chinese hamster organ and cell line proteomics profiling reveals tissue-specific functionalities date = 2020-09-28 keywords = CHO; Fig; cell; chinese summary = Quantitative proteomics data were obtained from two CHO cell lines (CHO-S and CHO DG44) and compared with seven Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus) tissues (brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, ovary and spleen) by tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling followed by mass spectrometry, providing a comprehensive hamster tissue and cell line proteomics atlas. This study was undertaken to compare protein expression of various CHO cell lines and hamster tissues, resulting in the most comprehensive multi-tissue analysis of the Cricetulus griseus proteome (Fig. 1A) . Similar to the ovary and lung comparison, there are a greater number of proteins with higher expression in the heart tissue when compared to cell lines. These differences highlight the role of tissues in executing key organ functions which require a specific metabolic processes, such as transport and communication, in comparison to CHO cells, which are focused on replication and gene expression, characteristics useful for rapid growth and the production of biologics. doi = 10.1038/s41598-020-72959-8 id = cord-325380-uo1tdi1z author = Hu, Caiyun title = Efficacy of Lianhua Qingwen Compared with Conventional Drugs in the Treatment of Common Pneumonia and COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Meta-Analysis date = 2020-09-17 keywords = Lianhua; Qingwen; chinese summary = Studies were selected based on the following criteria: (1) experimental studies; (2) pneumonia was diagnosed according to clinical symptoms, laboratory tests, chest X-ray results, or relevant diagnostic criteria; (3) the Lianhua Qingwen group was treated with Lianhua Qingwen or Lianhua Qingwen combined with conventional drugs (the conventional drug group was given conventional antibiotics, antiviral drugs, or symptomatic treatment); and (4) relevant data of the efficacy index (i.e., flu-like symptoms (fever, cough, sore throat, nausea, diarrhoea, loss of appetite, fatigue, muscle pain, and headache); sputum; pulmonary rales; shortness of breath; breathlessness; chest tightness; pulmonary imaging improvement; curative effect; healing period; conversion of severe cases; and adverse reactions) were provided. doi = 10.1155/2020/5157089 id = cord-003612-bp7sray2 author = Hu, Guangyu title = Public Perception on Healthcare Services: Evidence from Social Media Platforms in China date = 2019-04-10 keywords = China; chinese; service summary = Several researchers studied patient experience, based on the comments posted by patients from online health communities in China [21, 22] , but few studies have been conducted to gather information on healthcare services related topics using social media data. The objectives of this study are to conduct volume and sentiment analyses base on the extracted social media contents on hospital healthcare services. Our results showed that patient safety was the most significant topic for users of Chinese social media platforms, followed by information technology and service efficiency. Our results showed that patient safety was the most significant topic for users of Chinese social media platforms, followed by information technology and service efficiency. By analyzing shared information from WeChat and Qzone, this study showed that patient safety was the most concerned topic for users of Chinese social media platform, followed by information technology and service efficiency, while the doctor-patient relationship was found to have the highest proportion of negative comments. doi = 10.3390/ijerph16071273 id = cord-322908-e3gok0ot author = Huang, Fangfang title = A review of therapeutic agents and Chinese herbal medicines against SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19) date = 2020-05-20 keywords = COVID-19; CoV-2; Coronavirus; SARS; chinese summary = In the absence of confirmed effective treatments, due to public health emergencies, it is essential to study the possible effects of existing approved antivirals drugs or Chinese herbal medicines for SARS-CoV-2. Meanwhile, this review also focus on the re-purposing of clinically approved drugs and Chinese herbal medicines that may be used to treat COVID-19 and provide new ideas for the discovery of small molecular compounds with potential therapeutic effects on novel COVID-19. In this review, we summarized potential Chinese herbal medicines ( Table 2 ) that may treat COVID-19 by targeting proteins such as Spike protein, ACE2, 3CLpro, PLpro and RdRp. We also predicted the binding affinities between these compounds and COVID-19 related targets by molecular docking, with a focus on six compounds: quercetin, andrographolide, glycyrrhizic acid, baicalin, patchouli alcohol, and luteolin. Effect of High vs Low Doses of Chloroquine Diphosphate as Adjunctive Therapy for Patients Hospitalized With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection: A Randomized Clinical Trial doi = 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104929 id = cord-296816-mzd1499c author = Huang, Yanzhong title = China''s Response to the 2014 Ebola Outbreak in West Africa date = 2017-01-30 keywords = Africa; China; Ebola; chinese summary = As Beijing becomes more sensitive to disease outbreaks overseas and as the scope of its humanitarian engagement grows and diversifies, the space for China''s cooperation with international actors over global health governance is expected to further expand. [4] While visiting West Africa in August 2015, Chinese foreign minister Wang Yi noted that China in carrying out its largest ever health aid program in history created multiple "firsts": the Chinese President was the first head of state to commit explicitly to answering the call for help by three Western African countries; China used large chartered airplanes to ship the first batch of badly needed anti-epidemic supplies; China for the first time deployed a whole unit of epidemic prevention forces and military medical staff abroad; China built a Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3) lab overseas, and set up an infectious disease medical center in another country for the first time. doi = 10.1002/gch2.201600001 id = cord-258991-mrs5j2ep author = Huang, Yeen title = Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey date = 2020-04-12 keywords = GAD; chinese; covid-19 summary = title: Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey Using a web-based cross-sectional survey, we collected data from 7,236 self-selected volunteers assessed with demographic information, COVID-19 related knowledge, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), depressive symptoms, and sleep quality. Multivariate logistic regression showed that age (< 35 years) and time spent focusing on the COVID-19 (≥ 3 hours per day) were associated with GAD, and healthcare workers were at high risk for poor sleep quality. Therefore, using a web-based cross-sectional study, we aimed to assess the mental health burden of Chinese public during COVID-19 outbreak, and to explore the potential influence factors. All subjects reported their demographic data, COVID-19 related information, and completed three standardized questionnaires which assessed their generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), depressive symptoms, and sleep quality. Our web-based study shows a high prevalence of GAD and poor sleep quality in the Chinese public during COVID-19 outbreak. doi = 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112954 id = cord-030959-olcz7g19 author = Hussain, Ejaz title = China–Pakistan Economic Cooperation: The Case of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) date = 2020-08-28 keywords = CPEC; China; Economic; Pakistan; Special; chinese summary = Thus, in the context of CPEC, Pakistan aims to establish financially vibrant, socially visible and potentially productive industries to initiate a new era of industrialization that includes high-end textiles, telecom, engineering, knowledge-based manufacturing, sea products and sophisticated storage facilities for fruits and vegetables, jointly or separately with Chinese companies to be based in Special Economic Zones (SEZs). The following opportunities are expected to come with the establishment of the SEZs. To begin with, the proposed Special Economic Zones are expected to work as a strong economic incentive for Pakistani authorities to introduce reforms in order to improve upon domestic business environment, governing behavior, productive capacity, export base and enhance commercial attractiveness for further foreign investments. Therefore, each of the four provincial governments, the local and provincial political parties and regional stakeholders differ over the 38 "Pakistan, China jointly working for establishment of special economic zones," The Nation, 7 January, 2018. doi = 10.1007/s40647-020-00292-5 id = cord-287118-30s0a27q author = Idrovo, Alvaro Javier title = Data Quality of Chinese Surveillance of COVID-19: Objective Analysis Based on WHO’s Situation Reports date = 2020-05-14 keywords = chinese summary = title: Data Quality of Chinese Surveillance of COVID-19: Objective Analysis Based on WHO''s Situation Reports During the influenza A(H1N1) pandemic, Benford''s law was proposed as an objective and fast way to assess the performance of surveillance systems during epidemics. 9 This brief report presents the results of an objective evaluation of data quality of the Chinese epidemiological surveillance system during the ongoing epidemic. To obtain evidence on the level of performance of the Chinese epidemiological surveillance system, we used data included in situations reports 1 to 55 of the World Health Organization (WHO) website (January 21 to March 15, 2020). The results suggest that the Chinese epidemiological surveillance system has had good data quality during the current health emergency. Performance of public health surveillance systems during the influenza A(H1N1) pandemic in the Americas: testing a new method based on Benford''s law doi = 10.1177/1010539520927265 id = cord-304490-q9ab1pji author = Iqbal, Najaf title = Nexus between COVID-19, temperature and exchange rate in Wuhan City: New findings from Partial and Multiple Wavelet Coherence date = 2020-04-22 keywords = Wuhan; chinese; covid-19 summary = doi = 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138916 id = cord-261971-rt6uo9pw author = Jaworsky, Bernadette Nadya title = The Politics of Blaming: the Narrative Battle between China and the US over COVID-19 date = 2020-09-01 keywords = COVID-19; China; July; Trump; U.S.; chinese summary = 16 Meanwhile, however, another MFA Spokesperson, Zhao Lijian, tweeted on the same day, "It might be US army who brought the epidemic to Wuhan." 17 On March 16, Trump again referred to the "Chinese Virus," 18 and during a White House press briefing on the 17th, he defended his use of the term: "I didn''t appreciate the fact that China was saying that our military gave it to them." 19 He also rejected the idea that such a term creates a stigma: "I don''t think so. Pushing back, The People''s Daily published an article entitled, "US COVID-19 statistics challenged by multiple research: lethal virus is far more widespread in the country than previously thought." 28 Meanwhile, in Washington, Trump claimed on April 23 that he has evidence that gives him "high level confidence" that the virus came from the Wuhan Institute of Virology in China. doi = 10.1007/s11366-020-09690-8 id = cord-276976-ybsk1r79 author = Jiang, Qinxu title = Factors Influencing Life Satisfaction of International Students in Mainland China date = 2020-08-04 keywords = China; Khawaja; chinese; international; student summary = In this context, a general description of counseling services available in higher education institutions in China is provided, followed by suggestions for developing such services that address the specific needs of international students. Zhang and Goodson (2011) reviewed 64 peer-reviewed American journal articles published between 1990 and 2009 to investigate predictors of international students'' psychological adjustment to life in the U.S. Consistent with Smith and Khawaja''s (2011) findings, factors such as general stress, social support, language proficiency, the characteristics of the origin country, social connectedness with locals, gender, self-efficacy, personality and length of stay in the host location were most frequently reported as influences on adjustment. More recently, the following influences have gained attention in the literature, with seemingly more sophisticated variables being given attention: cultural distance/proximity, individual coping competence, campus support services, prior sojourn experience, and predeparture preparedness all seem to be particularly important for international students'' adjustments (Alemu and Cordier 2017; Ammigan and Jones 2018; Hennings and Tanabe 2018; Kosheleva et al. doi = 10.1007/s10447-020-09409-7 id = cord-291934-pm3ns6ge author = Jiang, Ronglin title = Chinese herbal experience for the 2019 novel coronavirus date = 2020-07-21 keywords = chinese summary = According to a large survey, more than 14% patients were transferred to the intensive care unit care (ICU), and among those who received invasive mechanical ventilation, the mortality was as high as 88.1% [2] . Here we presented the data from a single ICU of Tianyou hospital in Wuhan, and according our experience, the overall mortality decreased in patients receiving Chinese herb therapy. Despite with limited sample size, the mortality rate decreased significantly after applying Chinese herbal to these patients (4/9 vs. 14/16, p = 0.033), especially in patients who received Chinese herbal therapy during the whole disease course. Further, these patients were also divided into two groups according to whether they had used Chinese herbal; a decreased trend of mortality was also observed (9/14 vs. However, in China, Chinese herbal therapy has been fully applied to patients with COVID-19 infection in the middle stage of this epidemic and the effect is positive. doi = 10.1186/s13054-020-03170-4 id = cord-340995-t1zu7uqa author = Jiang, Sida title = Databases for facilitating mechanistic investigations of traditional Chinese medicines against COVID-19 date = 2020-06-02 keywords = chinese summary = title: Databases for facilitating mechanistic investigations of traditional Chinese medicines against COVID-19 As part of the efforts for probing these questions, the possible mechanisms of these traditional Chinese medicines have been studied based on the experimental and predicted targets of the chemical ingredients, which have been derived from the liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometry [4] and obtained from literature surveys [5, 6] . These studies have shown that the knowledge of the chemical ingredients of the traditional Chinese medicines are highly useful for COVID-19 investigations. The mechanisms of the traditional Chinese medicines are multifaceted in general and for the treatment of COVID-19 in particular [1, 2, 5, 6] . Therefore, more comprehensive investigations are needed for understanding the mechanisms of these traditional Chinese medicines, and for unveiling their benefits and adverse effects. A key step towards such investigations is to obtain the chemical ingredients of these traditional Chinese medicines, particularly the molecular structures and activities. doi = 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104989 id = cord-322575-3goj00ej author = Karl, Julie A. title = Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Haplotype Diversity in Chinese Rhesus Macaques date = 2013-07-01 keywords = MHC; Mamu; chinese; indian summary = The use of Chinese-origin rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) for infectious disease immunity research is increasing despite the relative lack of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I immunogenetics information available for this population. We determined transcript-based MHC class I haplotypes for 385 Chinese rhesus macaques from five different experimental cohorts, providing a concise representation of the full complement of MHC class I major alleles expressed by each animal. Our group and others have shown that the repertoire of MHC class I alleles expressed by Chinese rhesus macaques is largely distinct from that observed in Indian rhesus macaques (Otting et al. We also compared our 139 Chinese-and Indian-origin rhesus macaque haplotypes against the well-characterized panel of Mauritian cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis; Mafa) haplotypes to explore possible ancestral haplotype sharing between the two species (Wiseman et al. However, our model of defining MHC class I haplotypes of coinherited highly expressed major alleles provides a novel approach for assessing putatively functional similarities between macaque populations. doi = 10.1534/g3.113.006254 id = cord-294167-58ti0m1l author = Kelley, Keith W. title = Psychoneuroimmunology goes East: Development of the PNIRS(China) affiliate and its expansion into PNIRS(Asia-Pacific) date = 2020-04-15 keywords = Asia; Behavior; Brain; China; PNIRS; Pacific; chinese summary = doi = 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.026 id = cord-257749-eyhsc8q8 author = Koul, Bhupendra title = Genus Psoralea: A review of the traditional and modern uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology date = 2019-03-25 keywords = Psoralea; activity; anti; chinese; corylifolia; extract; seed summary = These bioactive compounds belong to different chemical classes, including flavonoids, coumarins, furanocoumarins, chalcones, quinines, terpenoids and some others due to which these species exhibit significant anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-viral, anti-helmintic, anti-diabetic, diuretic, hepatoprotective, anti-cancer and anti-tumor activities. The active compound, bakuchiol (155) is a monoterpene phenol, has been obtained in a pure state and named after Sanskrit name of the plant (Mehta et al., 1973) and possess the potent anti-bacterial property (Satyavati et al., 1987) . corylifolia, several bioactive compounds such as bakuchiol (155), psoralen (92), isopsoralen (2), corylin (187), corylifolin (185) and psoralidin (228) were screened for their anti-oxidant potential. Studies on extraction and isolation of active constituents from Psoralea corylifolia and the anti-tumor effect of the constituents in vitro Anti-fungal activity of aqueous and solvent extracts of seeds of Psoralea corylifolia L. doi = 10.1016/j.jep.2018.11.036 id = cord-019032-vdiaexbw author = Kshetri, Nir title = China date = 2020 keywords = China; Council; GDP; Hong; January; July; Kong; March; People; Taiwan; USA; chinese summary = doi = 10.1057/978-1-349-95940-2_49 id = cord-025246-zah72cd6 author = Lai, Daniel W. L. title = Revisiting Social Work with Older People in Chinese Contexts from a Community Development Lens: When East Meets West date = 2020-03-13 keywords = China; chinese; community; old summary = Based on these theoretical bases, three practice directions are suggested to guide community development at different levels: "aging in place," "age-friendly community," and "gray power." In particular, social workers need to adapt community development approaches to Chinese cultural contexts. Focusing on the experience of older people in different Chinese contexts, including Chinese older adults in Chinese societies and older Chinese migrants residing in non-Chinese societies, this chapter will discuss the alignment of community development and its application in social work practice with older people, with attention to the influence of sociocultural context. Finally, social workers can facilitate the involvement of older people in developing AFCs, which is important because it can support greater responsiveness to community needs, capacity building, and empowerment, as well as enhanced use of existing and new programs and services (Scharlach and Lehning 2016) . Social workers can apply the practice of community development in working with Chinese older people, representing an approach to intervention and support that addresses broader systems and structures and focus on empowerment and personal development among aging populations. doi = 10.1007/978-981-13-6969-8_13 id = cord-272465-i2l4cq8h author = Law, Betty Yuen Kwan title = New Potential Pharmacological Functions of Chinese Herbal Medicines via Regulation of Autophagy date = 2016-03-17 keywords = AMPK; Akt; Radix; Rhizoma; anti; apoptosis; autophagy; cancer; cell; chinese; effect; induce summary = Hinders α-synuclein accumulation in neural cells and suppression of the proliferation of glioma cells through induction of autophagy [162, 163] Radix salviae miltiorrhizae (Dan shen) Moves blood, breaks up blood stasis, cools heat, cools blood Tanshinone IIA Induction of autophagic cell death of leukemia via activation of AMPK/mTOR, ERK/mTOR and p70 S6K signaling [164] Ligusticum wallichii (Chuan xiong) Moves blood, moves and regulates qi, dispels wind Ligustrazine Akebia saponin PA (AS) is one of the bioactive components found in Radix dipsaci, AS induced autophagic and apoptotic cell death of gastric cancer cells through both the AMPK/mTOR and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling and the downstream activation of p38/JNK molecular pathway, which facilitated capase-3-dependent apoptosis [147] . However, alisol B has been reported as a new autophagy inducer functioning through activation of CaMKK/AMPK/mTOR signaling, induction of apoptosis and triggering of cell death in breast cancer cells [156] . Gambogic acid induced oxidative stress dependent caspase activation regulates both apoptosis and autophagy by targeting various key molecules (Nf-κB, Beclin-1, p62 and NBR1) in human bladder cancer cells doi = 10.3390/molecules21030359 id = cord-338901-1kzy7rts author = Li, Heng title = Overview of therapeutic drug research for COVID-19 in China date = 2020-06-17 keywords = COVID-19; RNA; SARS; chinese summary = According to the information that we have collected so far, this article provides an overview of potential therapeutic drugs and compounds with much attention, including favipiravir and hydroxychloroquine, as well as traditional Chinese medicine, which have been reported with good clinical treatment effects. In these 155 pooled clinical trials, a number of approved chemical and biomacromolecule drugs have been used in COVID-19 treatment clinical trials for drug repurposing, most of which are nucleotide analogs and protease inhibitors against other viral pathogens, including influenza virus, HIV and HCV. In vitro studies have shown that lopinavir/ritonavir can inhibit the replication of MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV and exert antiviral effects [22] [23] [24] [25] . In the latest "Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia", it is recommended to use ribavirin at a dose of 500 mg each time for adults and in combination with interferon or lopinavir/ritonavir, with 2-3 intravenous infusions daily. In vitro antiviral activity and projection of optimized dosing design of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) doi = 10.1038/s41401-020-0438-y id = cord-278083-ut2ssdbz author = Li, Juan title = A comparative study of international and Chinese public health emergency management from the perspective of knowledge domains mapping date = 2020-10-02 keywords = China; PHEM; chinese; emergency summary = title: A comparative study of international and Chinese public health emergency management from the perspective of knowledge domains mapping Figure 7 shows that the top 10 keywords ranked by citation count for the international database were public health (297), preparedness (215), emergency preparedness ( preparedness and monitoring for public health events, while Chinese research mainly focuses on analysis and disposition (Additional file 1: Table S5, Table S6 , and Figure S3 ). To further explain the above research hotspots, the top 8 cited articles are shown in Tables 2 and 3 article Elevated blood lead levels in children associated with the flint drinking water crisis: a spatial analysis of risk and public health response was the most cited (372) international article [43] followed by The 2006 California Heat Wave: Impacts on Hospitalizations and Emergency department visits [44] . doi = 10.1186/s12199-020-00896-z id = cord-315997-x7gf49qz author = Li, Li-Juan title = Traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis of overview date = 2020-07-31 keywords = IPF; chinese; traditional summary = title: Traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis of overview CONCLUSIONS: We expect to obtain reliable evidence from systematic analysis of traditional Chinese medicine treatment of pulmonary fibrosis in an available and useful document. Based on the fact that novel coronavirus has pulmonary interstitial fibrosis in part of the pathological changes of lung, and the effect of traditional Chinese medicine on novel coronavirus is obvious at present, this study mainly discusses the systematic evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine on pulmonary fibrosis for re-evaluation, and finally analyzes the clinical total effective rate, lung function, curative effect of traditional Chinese medicine symptoms, blood gas analysis and other outcome indicators. The purpose of this study is to reevaluate the existing systematic evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. Study on diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary fibrosis in recovery period of SARS by integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine doi = 10.1097/md.0000000000021310 id = cord-319016-ymypvg6k author = Li, Yu-xi title = Clinical Practice Guidelines and Experts’ Consensuses for Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients with Chinese Herbal Medicine: A Systematic Review date = 2020-10-08 keywords = Province; chinese summary = title: Clinical Practice Guidelines and Experts'' Consensuses for Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients with Chinese Herbal Medicine: A Systematic Review Clinical practice guidelines and experts'' consensuses of traditional Chinese herbal medicine for novel coronavirus (COVID-19): protocol of a systematic review Diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia caused by novel coronavirus by traditional Chinese medicine in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous region Traditional Chinese medicine differentiation and treatment protocol for novel coronavirus pneumonia in Jiangsu Province (Trial version 3) Expert consensus on prevention and rehabilitation of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine during the outbreak of new coronavirus pneumonia in cancer patients in Hubei Province Expert consensus on prevention and treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia in guangdong with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine (trial version 1) Treatment efficacy analysis of traditional Chinese medicine for novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19): an empirical study from Wuhan doi = 10.1007/s11655-020-3431-x id = cord-287262-gkolbiil author = Li, Yulin title = The efficacy and safety of Chinese traditional medicine injections on patients with coronavirus disease 2019: A protocol for systematic review and meta analysis date = 2020-07-31 keywords = chinese; injection summary = ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This systematic review protocol is designed to provide evidence regarding the effects and safety of Chinese traditional medicine injections on patients with COVID-19, such evidence may be useful and important for clinical treatment decisions. [2, 3] Chinese traditional medicine injections are recommended by the Chinese Clinical Guidance of COVID-19 Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment (7th edition) published by China National Health Commission on March 4, 2020, which is including Xiyanping injection, Xuebijing injection, Reduning injection, Tanreqing injection, Xingnaojing injection, Shenfu injection, Shengmai injection, and Shenmai injection for critical ill patients. The study aims to investigate whether it is effective and safe to apply Chinese traditional medicine injections on patients with COVID-19, including effective rate, all-cause mortality clinical recovery time negative time of novel coronavirus nucleic acid, etc. This systematic review protocol is designed to provide evidence regarding the effects and safety of Chinese traditional medicine injections on patients with COVID-19, such evidence may be useful and important for clinical treatment decisions. doi = 10.1097/md.0000000000021024 id = cord-279227-l6keimm5 author = Li, Yuxi title = Clinical practice guidelines and experts’ consensuses of traditional Chinese herbal medicine for novel coronavirus (COVID-19): protocol of a systematic review date = 2020-08-03 keywords = chinese; covid-19 summary = title: Clinical practice guidelines and experts'' consensuses of traditional Chinese herbal medicine for novel coronavirus (COVID-19): protocol of a systematic review The objective of this study will be to summarize the recommendations in current clinical practice guidelines about the use of traditional Chinese herbal medicine for COVID-19 patients. DISCUSSION: This review will summarize the recommendations in current clinical practice guidelines and provide insight into the implementation strategies for traditional Chinese herbal medicine in COVID-19 patients. The objective of this systematic review is to systematically summarize the recommendations in current clinical practice guidelines about the use of traditional Chinese herbal medicine for COVID-19 patients. Study design We will include clinical practice guidelines, experts'' consensus statements, and guidance documents (systematically developed statements to assist practitioners and patient decisions about appropriate healthcare for specific circumstances) published by any advising body or healthcare organization since December 2019, which provide information on the use of traditional Chinese herbal medicine therapy for COVID-19 patients. doi = 10.1186/s13643-020-01432-4 id = cord-291279-8rfx9qde author = Li, Zhuman title = Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Treatment With Traditional Chinese Medicine: Response Philosophy in Another Culture date = 2020-07-10 keywords = TCM; chinese summary = title: Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Treatment With Traditional Chinese Medicine: Response Philosophy in Another Culture More than 40,000 medical staffs including traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) doctors from all over the country were called up to Wuhan, and other cities in Hubei provinces to treat patients 4 . According to a news release from the National Administration of TCM, the integration of traditional Chinese and Western medical treatment can achieve satisfactory results for resolution of symptoms of COVID-19 6 . Even COVID-19 is brand new emerging severe infectious disease caused by a brand new coronavirus and no specific drug is used to cure in modern medicine, TCM still has confidence to fight the epidemic. Traditional Chinese medicine contributes to the treatment of COVID-19 patients Analysis and thinking on traditional Chinese medicine in preventing and treating severe cases of novel coronavirus pneumonia Traditional Chinese medicine theory and clinical study on Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (NCP) infection doi = 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00385 id = cord-314538-l4ek54cu author = Lin, Peng title = Purification of melibiose‐binding lectins from two cultivars of Chinese black soybeans date = 2008-12-16 keywords = black; chinese; lectin; soybean summary = The lectin was essentially similar to small glossy black soybean lectin except for a larger subunit molecular mass (31 kDa), a more potent mitogenic activity and lower thermostability. The small glossy black soybean lectin inhibited proliferation of HepG2 cells and MCF7 cells with an IC 50 of 4.1 µM and 2.6 µM, respectively (Fig. 4) and the activity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase with an IC 50 of 2.82 µM (Fig. 5) . Chinese small glossy black soybean lectin exerts potent antiproliferative activity toward HepG2 and MCF7 cells, with an IC 50 of 4.1 µM and 2.6 µM, respectively. Thus lectins from the two cultivars of Chinese black soybean appear to differ in subunit molecular mass, thermostability and mitogenic activity, although they share the same N-terminal amino acid sequence and carbohydrate specificity and have similar HIV-reverse transcriptase inhibitory activity. doi = 10.1111/j.1745-7270.2008.00488.x id = cord-303039-rteysj8j author = Liu, Ming title = Efficacy and Safety of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): a systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-05-11 keywords = COVID-19; Medicine; chinese summary = title: Efficacy and Safety of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): a systematic review and meta-analysis This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (Hereinafter referred to as "Integrated Medicine") to corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We searched six major Chinese and English databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and case-control studies (CCSs) of Integrated Medicine on COVID-19. We searched six major Chinese and English databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and case-control studies (CCSs) of Integrated Medicine on COVID-19. This study summarized controlled trials and methods of Integrated Medicine treatment of COVID-19, including the changes of clinical symptoms. Clinical study on 37 cases of COVID-19 treated by integrated Chinese and western medicine Effect of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine on SARS: a review of clinical evidence doi = 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104896 id = cord-277446-0e6akcjf author = Liu, Peilong title = China''s distinctive engagement in global health date = 2014-08-28 keywords = Africa; China; chinese; global; health summary = China''s health aid deploys medical teams, constructs facilities, donates drugs and equipment, trains personnel, and supports malaria control mainly in Africa and Asia. Regression analysis of African countries with variables of health aid (medical teams, donated facilities, malaria control) and economic interests (petroleum imports, China''s foreign investment, and China''s imports and exports) yielded no signifi cant pattern. 29 International eff orts include active participation and leadership in many international forums that foster cooperation in compliance of disease reporting and control, as shown by the initiation of the UN resolution on enhancement of capacity-building in global public health in 2003, and the joint International Pledging Conference on Avian and Human Pandemic Infl uenza with China, the European Commission, and the World Bank held in Beijing in 2006. doi = 10.1016/s0140-6736(14)60725-x id = cord-293126-6ae1p15w author = Liu, Yu title = Establishing Appropriate Agency Relationships for Providers in China date = 2019-08-27 keywords = China; chinese; hospital; physician summary = doi = 10.1177/0046958019872348 id = cord-323261-1of5ertf author = Lo, Catherine Yuk-ping title = Securitizing HIV/AIDS: a game changer in state-societal relations in China? date = 2018-05-16 keywords = AIDS; China; Fund; Global; HIV; chinese summary = Considering the low priority of health policies since the economic reform, the limitation of the "third sector" activity permitted in authoritarian China, together with the political sensitivity of the HIV/AIDS problem in the country, this article aims to explain the proliferation of HIV/AIDS-focused NGOs in China with the usage of the securitization framework in the field of international relations (IR). Based on the discourse analysis of the official documents and newspaper articles, it is argued that Chinese national leaders followed suit the international move (i.e. UNSC Resolution 1308) to securitize HIV/AIDS in the country, framing HIV/ AIDS as a threat with social, political, economic, and security implications. Along with the weakening of international securitization efforts and the rise of Chinese government''s involvement in managing NGOs in the post-Global Fund era, the continuous proliferation of NGOs is further complicated by the fragmented nature of HIV/AIDS-focused civil society groups in China. doi = 10.1186/s12992-018-0364-7 id = cord-296717-ay4wcmk3 author = Long, Wen title = Can the Chinese volatility index reflect investor sentiment? date = 2020-10-20 keywords = chinese; index; investor; level; sentiment summary = In order to describe investor sentiment comprehensively, we build a three-dimensional investor sentiment measurement system composed of macro, meso and micro level, and decompose iVX into three components to obtain short-term, medium-term fluctuations and long-term trend by EEMD method. They use principal component analysis to extract a sentiment index from six variables of the stock market, including closed-end fund discount, NYSE share turnover, the number and average first-day returns on IPOs, the equity share in new issues, and the dividend premium. The contributions of this paper include the following three aspects: (1) This study seeks to examine systematically on whether iVX has the ability to represent sentiment, and analyze it at the macro, meso and micro levels, while previous studies rarely discuss this issue, especially for the newly released and short-lived Chinese volatility index iVX. (3) By employing dynamic factor analysis on different sentiment indexes with mixed-frequency to extract the common factor, we investigate whether iVX can comprehensively represent investor sentiments at different time scales. doi = 10.1016/j.irfa.2020.101612 id = cord-022467-j2trahab author = Loo, May title = Select Populations: Children date = 2009-05-15 keywords = ADHD; United; acupuncture; asthma; cam; child; chinese; clinical; study; therapy; treatment summary = A recent clinical trial that included children over age 12 years and used a fixedcombination homeopathic remedy for a mean 4.1 days of treatment reported that 81.5% reported subjective feelings of being symptom free or significantly improved without complaint of any adverse side effects. 4 A randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled study from Great Britain of 170 children with a starting median age of 4.2 years in the experimental group and 3.6 years in the placebo group concluded that individually prescribed homeopathic remedies seem to be ineffective in reducing symptoms or decreasing the use of antibiotics in pediatric patients with URI. 414 In a nonrandomized clinical trial involving 30 children ages 3 months to 8 years with chronic diarrhea of 2 to 4 months'' duration that was unresponsive to Western medicine and TCM, individualized acupuncture treatment eliminated symptoms and normalized stools. doi = 10.1016/b978-0-323-02028-2.50015-2 id = cord-031840-k9l91unc author = Lu, Li title = Forum: COVID-19 Dispatches date = 2020-09-11 keywords = Asia; COVID-19; China; East; Japan; Korea; South; chinese; coronavirus; pandemic; virus summary = With death count worldwide reaching 586,000 merely 7 months after its first outbreak in China in late December 2019 and 13.6 million cases reported in 188 countries and territories as of July 2020, this ongoing pandemic has spread far beyond domain of world health problem to become an unprecedented challenge facing humanity at every level. On one hand, the eagerness to build solidarity with East Asian countries represented by Japan and South Korea might be a strategy to react to the racialization of COVID-19 as a "Chinese virus" and the demonization of China as a "public enemy" and "trouble maker" in the Euro-American political and media agenda (Viala-Gaudefroy & Lindaman, 2020). On the other hand, the rise of this East Asian imaginary centering around China''s historical and cultural bonds with Japan and South Korea has far-reaching implications for China''s geopolitical strategies beyond the COVID-19 pandemic and the realm of public health. doi = 10.1177/1532708620953190 id = cord-336794-ok6j19kf author = Lu, Meiqi title = Efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicine injection for COVID-19: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-06-19 keywords = COVID-19; chinese; medicine summary = title: Efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicine injection for COVID-19: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicine injection in the treatment of COVID-19. CONCLUSION: Evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicine injection in the treatment of COVID-19 will be provided to clinicians. [20] Therefore, it is necessary for us to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicine injection in the treatment of COVID-19 based on the existing evidence. This work aims to evaluate the current evidence for the efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicine injection in treating COVID-19, and provide reliable evidence-based medical evidence for the clinical treatment of COVID-19. This study will systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicine injection for COVID-19 based on available evidence. doi = 10.1097/md.0000000000020706 id = cord-271853-wexe9gq0 author = Lu, Quan title = Social Policy Responses to the Covid-19 Crisis in China in 2020 date = 2020-08-14 keywords = China; chinese; covid-19; insurance; social summary = The central government has played a proactive role by issuing a number of key policies in the field of social security, effectively relieving the anxiety of patients infected with Covid-19 and their families from the financial burden of medical treatment, and also fully mobilizing social resources to effectively support the resumption of work and production. Therefore, this article will specifically analyze how different types of current social security programs have responded to the outbreak and the outcome of the pandemic-related crisis and highlight the However, interventions through social protection policy and questions that must be reconsidered in relation to disease-related crises have been largely neglected in academic research. Effective medical security measures, mainly medical social insurance, were taken in a timely manner during the Covid-19 crisis in China, so that patients and their families are relieved from worrying about treatment costs, specifically: (1) Shortly after the outbreak, the state issued a policy to include drugs and medical services for the treatment of the new coronavirus as part of the payment range for the medical insurance fund. doi = 10.3390/ijerph17165896 id = cord-013405-68777jts author = Lu, Wenze title = The Importance of Genuineness in Public Engagement—An Exploratory Study of Pediatric Communication on Social Media in China date = 2020-09-27 keywords = China; SMIP; chinese; comment; public summary = This study developed a four-dimension framework including self-disclosure, genuine response, functional interactivity, and genuineness in Chinese culture to investigate the effect of genuineness in the communication of Chinese social media influencers in pediatrics on public engagement. This study is the first to develop an integrated framework to measure genuineness in online health communication and contributes to the understanding of the effect of genuineness on Chinese public engagement in social media. Table 5 summarizes the negative binomial regression results on the sub-dimensions of "self-disclosure", "genuine response", "functional interactivity", "genuineness in Chinese culture" and the number of shares, likes, comments and positive comments. Negative Binomial Regression Results on the Sub-dimensions of "Self-disclosure", "Genuine response", "Functional interactivity", "Genuineness in Chinese Culture" and the Number of Shares, Likes, Comments and Positive Comments. doi = 10.3390/ijerph17197078 id = cord-026721-hrxf3rr7 author = Lukin, Artyom title = The Russia–China entente and its future date = 2020-06-13 keywords = Asia; Beijing; China; Moscow; Russia; chinese summary = As long as there is the real-and rising-risk of China clashing with the US (over the South China Sea, Taiwan or other issues), the strong bond with Russia-the only major power that can provide Beijing with diplomatic support, military technology, and secure access to vital commodities-will be crucial for the PRC. Similarly, Franz-Stefan Gady (2019) likens the contemporary Moscow-Beijing axis that opposes the USA to Entente Cordiale, the 1904 Anglo-French agreement that paved the way for France and Great Britain to become allies against Germany and the Central Powers during the First World War. The Sino-Russian entente is helped by the fact that both Russia and China, in their actual foreign policies, adhere to the classic great-power logic of spheres of influence, notwithstanding their rhetoric about the primacy of the norm of sovereignty and the need to democratize international relations. doi = 10.1057/s41311-020-00251-7 id = cord-002918-jmjtr1pb author = Luo, Cheng-Xin title = Chinese research into severe ulcerative colitis has increased in quantity and complexity date = 2018-03-16 keywords = China; SUC; chinese summary = AIM: To investigate the current state of research output from Chinese studies into severe ulcerative colitis (SUC) using a bibliometric analysis of publications. Chinese research into severe ulcerative colitis studies and clinical trials over the study period (P < 0.01), with research into the management of SUC, included pharmacotherapy, nutrition support as well as surgery, predominating. Almost half (46.2%) of the observational analytical studies and clinical trials focused on Traditional Chinese Medicine, with little research on the efficacy of cyclosporin and infliximab in disease management. The aim of this study is to perform a bibliometric analysis to determine the temporal trends in the number of Chinese publications on UC and SUC (2001) (2002) (2003) (2004) (2005) (2006) (2007) (2008) (2009) (2010) (2011) (2012) (2013) (2014) (2015) , to assess the overall SUC research performance; to provide a review of the data on treatment type and efficacy in SUC patients that has been reported in Chinese medical journals. doi = 10.12998/wjcc.v6.i3.35 id = cord-297599-y4lu8m4k author = Luo, Hua title = Anti-COVID-19 drug screening: Frontier concepts and core technologies date = 2020-10-28 keywords = ACE2; COV-2; COVID-19; SARS; TCM; chinese summary = This paper thoroughly summarizes interdisciplinary notions and techniques, including disease model, biochip, network pharmacology, and molecular docking technology, etc., providing a reference for researchers in the screening of drugs for COVID-19 prevention and treatment. Some researchers are currently using mice as an animal model to test drugs and vaccines and to investigate the nature of the infection of SARS-CoV-2 [49] [50] [51] . In fact, in a study led by Qin Chuan on SARS, engineered mice that could express human ACE2 protein was successfully established, leading this Chinese team pioneered the establishment of a SARS-CoV-2 infected hACE2 transgenic mouse model [54] . For example, an effective and convenient novel mouse model in evaluating in vivo protective capacity of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccines was developed through stitching the human gene for ACE2 into an adenovirus by Perlman et al. doi = 10.1186/s13020-020-00393-z id = cord-336753-4212ftlc author = Luo, Lu title = Analysis on herbal medicines utilized for treatment of COVID-19 date = 2020-05-27 keywords = COVID-19; TCM; chinese summary = As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses a substantial global public health threat, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) was used in 91.50% of the COVID-19 cases in China, showing encouraging results in improving symptom management and reducing the deterioration, mortality, and recurrence rates. While COVID-19 is now being effectively controlled within China, it is increasingly affecting other countries worldwide, most notably the U.S., Iran, and Italy since Feb 25, 2020 1 3 With a long history of combating epidemic diseases with relatively low mortality, TCM has accumulated a rich antiviral herb knowledgebase from clinical observation and pharmacological selection. There are mutual groupings within these core combinations of herbal pairs and chemical components, thus supporting that the herbs and formulae containing these properties may act as potential candidates for COVID-19 treatment ( Fig. 4B and Table S6 .2). A report on the therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese medicine 19 on empidemic encephalitis B-summary of TCM treatment group in 1956 doi = 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.05.007 id = cord-248932-i1v2lyd2 author = Madraki, Golshan title = Characterizing and Comparing COVID-19 Misinformation Across Languages, Countries and Platforms date = 2020-10-13 keywords = China; Iran; USA; chinese; misinformation summary = Our multi-cultural and multilingual team observed that the nature of COVID-19 misinformation on social media varied in substantial ways across different languages/countries depending on the cultures, beliefs/religions, popularity of social media, types of platforms, freedom of speech and the power of people versus governments. In this paper, COVID-19 misinformation, broadly defined to include disinformation and mal-information as well, will be investigated within multiple languages (Chinese, English, and Farsi) about multiple countries (China, Iran, and the USA) on different social media platforms. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to examine the multilingual social media landscape by using the opportunistic sampling method to collect a dataset of verified and viral COVID-19 misinformation across 3 languages: Chinese, English, and Farsi. Our multicultural and multilingual team observed that the nature of COVID-19 misinformation on social media varies in substantial ways across different languages/countries depending on the cultures, beliefs, religions, popularity of social media, types of platforms, freedom of speech, the power of people versus governments, etc. doi = nan id = cord-333595-9erjf8rk author = Maurushat, Alana title = The benevolent health worm: comparing Western human rights-based ethics and Confucian duty-based moral philosophy date = 2008-02-14 keywords = China; chinese; information; internet; law; right; worm summary = title: The benevolent health worm: comparing Western human rights-based ethics and Confucian duty-based moral philosophy Ethical issues are examined first in a general fashion and then in a specific manner which uses the duty-based moral philosophy of Confucianism and a Western human rights-based analysis. 1 The use of a controversial technology such as a computer worm to disseminate uncensored, sanctioned public health information in China presents contentious ethical issues worth examining. 2 The use of Western rights-based theories (human rights) alongside the Eastern duty-based theory of Confucian moral philosophy provides an interesting platform for an ethical analysis of the benevolent health worm. The author will suggest how human rights and Confucian moral philosophy may be used to better understand the ethical issues presented with the use of the benevolent health worm. doi = 10.1007/s10676-008-9150-1 id = cord-285268-39c7pqr3 author = Niu, Baozhuang title = Conflict management in a multinational firm''s production shifting decisions date = 2020-08-18 keywords = MNF; asian; chinese summary = (2018) , this specific VAT policy will significantly affect MNFs'' supply chain decisions, when the products are made in China and sold in both Chinese and Southeast Asian markets. Therefore, Chinese CMs have the incentives to price differentially for the products sold in Chinese and Southeast Asian markets, so as to mitigate the profit loss because of partial VAT refund policy (Xu et al., 2018) . Different from their studies, we study how China''s import-export tax rules affect the MNF and CM''s preferences of production shifting decisions and the opportunities where their objective conflicts can be solved. The CM charges two different manufacturing prices for the products sold in Chinese and Southeast Asian markets, because of China''s partial VAT refund policies. Note that, under TS, according to China''s partial VAT refund policy, the CM can charge two wholesale prices based on whether the goods are sold to Chinese or Southeast Asian market. doi = 10.1016/j.ijpe.2020.107880 id = cord-028566-avl980hg author = Palko, Hannah Catherine title = In fighting common threats, people’s deep commitment to taking collective action matters: examples from China’s COVID-19 battle and her other combats date = 2020-07-06 keywords = COVID-19; China; Ibid; chinese summary = title: In fighting common threats, people''s deep commitment to taking collective action matters: examples from China''s COVID-19 battle and her other combats Achieving China''s exceptional coverage with and adherence to these containment measures has only been possible due to the deep commitment of the Chinese people to collective action in the face of this common threat. It is noteworthy that the high praise the Joint Mission team issued for the Chinese people''s deep commitment to collective action resonates an admiring remark the US President Donald Trump made 9 days before the team''s visit to China. In fighting common threats to their survival and well-being, Chinese people''s deep commitment to taking collective action, in the forms of solidarity, participation, discipline, and readiness for self-sacrifice, as showcased briefly in this article, is simply a natural outgrowth, a manifestation, of a strong cultural belief in collectivism they hold for thousands of years. doi = 10.1007/s42532-020-00056-1 id = cord-299007-5m6lk409 author = Paterson, R. Russell M. title = Cordyceps – A traditional Chinese medicine and another fungal therapeutic biofactory? date = 2008-05-31 keywords = activity; anti; cell; chinese; cordyceps; effect; fungus; sinensis summary = The isolation, structure elucidation, and anti-malarial activity of ES-242s and their analogues from the insect pathogenic fungus Cordyceps pseudomilitaris (from a Lepidoptera larva) were reported previously. Towards this end, a polysaccharide was isolated from cultured Cordyceps mycelia which had strong anti-oxidation activity, and which contained glucose, mannose and galactose. militaris demonstrated general anti-inflammatory activity (Yu et al., 2004a) as did ethanolic extracts of cultured fruiting bodies and mycelia of C. Whereas the reported apoptotic effects of the fungus are in: (a) the mouse (anti-tumour activity, metastasis inhibition) and (b) cell culture (proliferation stimulation, cytotoxic activity). Hypoglycemic activity of polysaccharide (CS-F30) from the cultural mycelium of Cordyceps sinensis and its effect on glucose metabolism in mouse liver Anti-inflammatory and related pharmacological activities of cultured mycelia and fruiting bodies of Cordyceps militaris Antioxidant activity of the extracts from fruiting bodies of cultured Cordyceps sinensis doi = 10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.01.027 id = cord-322982-c4xhg567 author = Patou, M.‐L. title = Low genetic diversity in the masked palm civet Paguma larvata (Viverridae) date = 2009-04-17 keywords = China; Sundaic; chinese; population summary = Results indicated a low genetic variability and suggested a lack of a phylogeographic structure in this species, which do not allow inferring the geographic origin of samples of unknown origin, although it is possible to distinguish individuals from China and the Sundaic region. For this purpose, we sequenced a portion of two mitochondrial genes, the cytochrome b (Cytb) and the control region (CR), both shown to be suitable markers for carnivore species phylogeography (e.g. Li et al., 2005a,b; Marmi et al., 2006; Cosson et al., 2007; Veron et al., 2007) , and analysed five polymorphic microsatellite markers in Chinese wild and farmed populations. We used the Arlequin 2.0 software (Excoffier, Laval & Schneider, 2005) to carry out several analyses: (1) analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA, Excoffier, Smouse & Quattro, 1992) to test for genetic differentiation between putative geographical regions and (2) computation of haplotypic as well as nucleotidic diversity (p) for each of the groups. doi = 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2009.00570.x id = cord-287283-t1hnswsq author = Paul, Norbert W. title = Human rights violations in organ procurement practice in China date = 2017-02-08 keywords = China; chinese; death; organ; prisoner summary = doi = 10.1186/s12910-017-0169-x id = cord-287135-m73nepej author = Pham, Tien Duc title = The determinants of Chinese visitors to Australia: A dynamic demand analysis date = 2017-07-01 keywords = Australia; China; chinese; tourism summary = Interesting findings include a high income elasticity as a source of the continuous doubledigit growth rates in Chinese arrivals that Australia has experienced over the past two decades, together with relatively high total trip price elasticities for both short run and long run. As summarised in Lim (1997) , Crouch (1992) , Song and Li (2008) , and Peng, Song, Crouch, and Witt (2014) , previous studies on modelling tourism demand and forecasting have typically been based upon fundamental economic theory capturing the effects of income, own-price, cross-price and occasionally some other specific factors included as dummy variables. The group Other Factors includes migration flow from China and four dummy variables capturing events that happened during the study period 1991e2014 (24 observations), namely the breakout of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in late 2002, shocks in the domestic travel supply caused by the Australian mining boom; the global financial crisis (GFC) 2008; and a trend in tourism demand for travel by the Chinese. doi = 10.1016/j.tourman.2017.06.015 id = cord-339864-rv5zw972 author = Reihani, Hamidreza title = Non-evidenced based treatment: An unintended cause of morbidity and mortality related to COVID-19 date = 2020-05-06 keywords = COVID-19; chinese summary = In Iran, social media accounts circulated false stories of curing COVID-19 by drinking high-proof alcohol, poisoning over 2,000 people due to the inadvertent consumption of methanol with bleach to hide its color [5] . In Madagascar, President Andry Rojoelina launched an herbal coronavirus "cure" produced from the artemisia plant, yet the WHO stated that the tonic is not evidence-based and is potentially toxic [9] . These herbal formulas contain a combination of many herbs and the exact proprietary mixture is not available, posing a major health risk to patients due to their potential toxicity, contamination, or adulteration [10] . The implications of medicating with herbal-based formulas is serious and dangerous because there is no scientific evidence suggesting that these alternative remedies can prevent or cure COVID-19. The spread of nonevidence-based COVID-19 treatments or cures will undoubtedly worsen the magnitude of the pandemic. doi = 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.05.001 id = cord-281333-fj2u5uif author = Rittichainuwat, Bongkosh title = Ghosts A travel barrier to tourism recovery date = 2011-04-30 keywords = asian; chinese; destination; ghost; thai; western summary = According to Rittichainuwat (2006) , many inbound Chinese and Thai tourists substituted their original travel itineraries to tsunami-affected areas with trips to other beach resorts due to perceived risks affiliated with ghosts and uncomfortable feelings about enjoying themselves at a resort where a lot of people had been killed, because the place was thought to be too sorrowful and inappropriate to celebrate the Chinese New Year. Thus, this study aims to examine travel barriers associated with tsunami-hit destinations, and also to assess cultural differences regarding such beliefs between Asians tourists from China and Thailand and Western tourists from Britain, Germany, and the United States and also across different demographic variables. Hence, this study hypothesizes that while belief in the existence ghosts is a travel barrier for Asian (Thai and Chinese) tourists, it would not deter Western (American, British, and German) tourists from visiting the tsunami-affected areas. doi = 10.1016/j.annals.2010.10.001 id = cord-014897-rnrlslfh author = Rong-bing, Wang title = Therapeutic effects of integrated traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine in treating severe acute respiratory syndrome date = 2003 keywords = SARS; chinese summary = The comprehensive effect on relieving fever, cell-mediated immunity, pulmonary inflammation and secondary infection was compared between the two groups.Results: The therapeutic effect in the ICWM group was better than that in the control group in such aspects as steadily lowering body temperature, alleviating general symptoms, accelerating the absorption of pulmonary infiltration and easing cellular immunity suppression.Conclusion: The therapeutic effect of ICWM is better in treating SARS than that of western medicine alone. In order to elevate the therapeutic effects, lighten patients" symptoms, improve the pulmonary inflammation and cellular immune inhibition that occurred in the course of the illness, a clinical study of the treatment of 68 SARS patients with integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine (ICWM), which was controlled with 67 patients treated with western medicine alone, was carried out. doi = 10.1007/bf02838610 id = cord-308431-l4sv28hj author = Schindler, Seth title = Covid-19, China and the future of global development date = 2020-08-04 keywords = China; World; american; chinese; country; covid-19; development summary = This article lays out the origins and distinctive features of China''s development policies and vision, and argues that in a post-Covid world these may constitute an appealing alternative to the US-led development paradigm for many developing countries. We conclude by outlining three factors which may impact the future of Chinese leadership in the field of global development; a reconciliation of global financial governance and China''s development lending, the outcome of the upcoming American presidential election and domestic discontent within China over the Belt and Road Initiative. A recent global survey confirmed that the vast majority of people around the world think that China''s response to Covid-19 has been far more effective than the United States'' (Wintour, 2020) . The dollar is likely to remain the global reserve currency by default, but as countries grapple with the health impacts and economic fallout from Covid-19, many will turn to China for leadership given the effectiveness of its response. doi = 10.1016/j.resglo.2020.100020 id = cord-315665-pe56le2s author = Smyth, Russell title = The Environment and Well-Being in Urban China date = 2008-12-01 keywords = China; chinese; environmental; subjective summary = We examine the relationship between atmospheric pollution, measured as sulphur dioxide emissions, environmental disasters, traffic congestion, access to parkland and well-being in urban China, using a large survey administered across 30 cities in 2003. This study adds to this paucity of literature through examining the correlation between environmental variables and subjective well-being using a survey of 8890 individuals in 30 Chinese cities, collected in September, 2003. Thus, from a policy perspective, lowering atmospheric pollution, measured as sulphur dioxide emissions, has a much more pronounced effect than changing any of the other environmental variables on the probability that Chinese urban resident will report a higher category of well-being. The main finding is that in cities with high atmospheric pollution, environmental disasters and traffic congestion urban residents report lower levels of well-being while in cities with greater access to parkland, respondents report higher levels of well-being controlling for the respondent''s attitudes towards the environment and other social and political issues and the personal traits of the respondent. doi = 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2008.05.017 id = cord-252531-i3b647wv author = Song, Zaiwei title = Hospital pharmacists’ pharmaceutical care for hospitalized patients with COVID-19: Recommendations and guidance from clinical experience date = 2020-04-03 keywords = COVID-19; chinese; patient summary = doi = 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.03.027 id = cord-323479-vlgv3nwq author = Speranza, Jasmine title = Isatis tinctoria L. (Woad): A Review of Its Botany, Ethnobotanical Uses, Phytochemistry, Biological Activities, and Biotechnological Studies date = 2020-03-01 keywords = Isatis; chinese; compound; extract; leave; tinctoria summary = tinctoria has been thoroughly investigated and the plant was proven to contain many valuable biologically active compounds, including several alkaloids, among which tryptanthrin, indirubin, indolinone, phenolic compounds, and polysaccharides as well as glucosinolates, carotenoids, volatile constituents, and fatty acids. In the lyophilized extracts'' analysis, beyond the characterization and quantification of 122 compounds previously described, the following indole derivatives were described for the first time: acetylindican, malonylindican, two Another important compound of this class is tryptanthrin, indolo-[2,1-b]-quinazoline alkaloid ( Figure 4 ), which is also responsible for some biological activities of I. In particular, the study concerned the evaluation of anti-microbial activity of fractions obtained from different parts of the plant (branches, flowers, leaves, and roots) by extraction with 14 different solvents, which was performed using a micro-titer plate method against seven bacterial and four fungal strains. Anti-inflammatory and antiallergic activity in vivo of lipophilic Isatis tinctoria extracts and tryptanthrin doi = 10.3390/plants9030298 id = cord-311353-ozqfsuh8 author = Sun, Chun-Yang title = The role of Chinese medicine in COVID-19 pneumonia: A systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-07-08 keywords = COVID-19; chinese summary = title: The role of Chinese medicine in COVID-19 pneumonia: A systematic review and meta-analysis INTRODUCTION: Chinese medicine (CM) has been used to treat Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia in China. This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of CM in the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia. CONCLUSION: According to the allocated data, CM has demonstrated clinical efficacy and safety on COVID-19 pneumonia, which need to be confirmed by high quality, multiple-center, large sample randomized controlled trials. Therefore, the meta-analysis method will be used to systematically review the clinical efficacy and safety of CM for COVID-19 pneumonia. Studies meeting the following criteria were included: (1) randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using CM (including Chinese herbal medicine, Chinese patent medicine and Chinese medicine injections) to treat COVID-19 pneumonia regardless of J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f meta-analysis. doi = 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.06.069 id = cord-353866-0r1b44id author = Sun, Hongpeng title = Changes of Adult Population Health Status in China from 2003 to 2008 date = 2011-12-02 keywords = China; chinese; health summary = Stratified analyses revealed significant subpopulation disparities in rate ratios for 2008/2003 in the presence of chronic disease, with greater increases among women, elderly, the Han nationality, unmarried and widow, illiterate, rural, and regions east of China than other groups. This study aimed to describe the male and female adult Chinese population health status in multiple dimensions, including overall morbidity, presence of illness in the last 2 weeks and chronic disease in the last 6 months, and healthy behavior as regards smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical activity, using data from the most recent National Health Services Surveys by the Chinese government in 2003 and 2008. However, overall Chinese adult population health status has not been improved due to short time and small proportion of residents performing frequent exercise; hence it seems that the prevalence and burden of chronic diseases will continue to grow. doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0028411 id = cord-305747-h17l3rt6 author = Sznajderska, Anna title = Macroeconomic spillover effects of the Chinese economy date = 2020-04-24 keywords = China; GVAR; chinese summary = doi = 10.1111/roie.12479 id = cord-314205-6d5yloxp author = Tambo, Ernest title = China-Africa Health Development Initiatives: Benefits and Implications for Shaping Innovative and Evidence-informed National Health Policies and Programs in Sub-saharan African Countries date = 2016 keywords = Africa; China; Health; chinese; cooperation; development summary = CONCLUSIONS AND GLOBAL HEALTH IMPLICATIONS: Strengthening China-Africa health development agenda towards collective commitment and investment in quality care delivery, effective programs coverage and efficiency, preparedness and emergency response is needed in transforming African health information systems, and local health governance structures and management in emerging epidemics. Published papers on Chinese foreign diplomacy and policy reports and previous Chinese literature in relation to infectious diseases prevention and control and elimination programs, research and funding were reviewed to trace international health cooperation actions, information communication and strategies including Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) declarations on health development in 2013 and 2015 in Beijing and Cape Town respectively. Investing in priorities health needs, economic and political, scientific and technological development and empowerment inequalities should be addressed through this win-win mutual partnership with institutions and other international stakeholders in line with global health engagement in infectious and emerging diseases and epidemics especially in Africa and China. doi = nan id = cord-353185-aapg75af author = Tambo, Ernest title = The value of China-Africa health development initiatives in strengthening “One Health” strategy date = 2019-09-24 keywords = Africa; China; Ebola; Health; chinese summary = Building the value of China-Africa "One Health" strategy partnerships, frameworks and capacity development and implementation through leveraging on current and innovative China-Africa health initiatives, but also, mobilizing efforts on climatic changes and disasters mitigation and lifestyle adaptations strategies against emerging and current infectious diseases threats are essential to establish epidemic surveillance-response system under the concept of global collaborative coordination and lasting financing mechanisms. Africa CDC focus on strategic priority areas and innovative programs aiming at improving evidence-based decision making and practice in event-based capacity development for surveillance, disease prediction, and improved functional clinical and public health laboratory networks and actions in minimizing health inequalities, and promoting quality care delivery, public health emergency preparedness and response best practices in achieving regional [1, 4, 10] . doi = 10.1016/s2414-6447(19)30062-4 id = cord-304021-e0zj7apb author = Tang, Haitao title = SWOT analysis and revelation in traditional Chinese medicine internationalization date = 2018-01-25 keywords = China; TCM; chinese; western summary = doi = 10.1186/s13020-018-0165-1 id = cord-327502-za6x4reh author = Tian, Lin title = Inward international students in China and their contributions to global common goods date = 2020-03-11 keywords = China; chinese; good; international; student summary = This study identifies the (global) common goods produced and augmented by inward student mobility and its relevance to national policies and strategies in China by interviewing 27 policy-makers, university leaders, and academics, as well as international students. Considering the contributions made by inward student mobility to (global) common goods, participants suggested that, academically, it cultivates human resources, retains high-level talents (serving local society), and improves international cooperation; politically, it accelerated international exchanges, which improves mutual understanding and respect; scientifically, it strengthens international scientific research cooperation; and economically, it can be seen as a potential economic growth point (though China has not yet achieved this result) and may expand the influence of destination countries and cities. The findings of this study reveal that inward student mobility brings benefits to China and contributes to global common goods flowing worldwide, which can also be regarded as a reason for the supporting of national and institutional policies and strategies on international students. doi = 10.1007/s10734-020-00522-5 id = cord-018699-gri4vybv author = Tobias, Michael Charles title = China Declares Global State of Emergency: An Urgent Telegram from Taihu date = 2014-06-10 keywords = China; Chinese; Taihu; World summary = May 18th, 2013, China''s 4th most powerful politician, Yu Zhengsheng, Chairman of the National Committee of the CPPCC (Chinese People''s Political Consultative Conference) opened the Second Conference of the (carbon-neutralized) Taihu World Cultural Forum in Hangzhou, a city 1 h by speed train southwest of Shanghai. Today that person eats over four times more…." Moreover, says Davison, "pork is China''s favourite meat [9] : last year the country produced 50 million tons--more than half the world''s total." With increased income generation, more pigs will be slaughtered, more effluent emitted, contributing to the overall groundwater and air pollution drama deeply embedded in everybody''s life across China ( Fig. 27.4) . Professor Peter Li [10] has elsewhere stated that "China surpassed the US as the world''s biggest meat producer in 1990, and the Chinese authorities have long looked to the industrialized West as the object of emulation in meat production." But, at the same time, "China has lagged behind the industrialized nations in animal protection law-making for more than 180 years ( Fig. 27 .5)." doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-07860-1_27 id = cord-348486-3ji6nwer author = Turcios-Casco, Manfredo A. title = Do not blame bats and pangolins! Global consequences for wildlife conservation after the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic date = 2020-09-19 keywords = Gatti; chinese summary = We propose four actions that should be taken into account to protect and conserve wildlife in this pandemic era: wildlife "wet" markets must close; human interference with wildlife must be reduced; bats and pangolins must be conserved and not blamed; and Chinese traditional medicine must be more controlled. Although some authors have suggested that the origin of this new coronavirus could be a Chinese lab (Xiao and Xiao 2020) , new evidence has focused on the recombination of SARS-CoV-2 by a potential spillover from bats to Sunda pangolins (Manis javanica), that have a weak immune system and can be easily attacked by new pathogens (Cazzolla Gatti 2020a). Then, pangolins are sold in Chinese wet markets like the one in Wuhan because, with thousands of other critically endangered animals and plants, they are thought to be essential elements of traditional Chinese medicine (Cazzolla Gatti 2020a). doi = 10.1007/s10531-020-02053-y id = cord-327253-gge6wzly author = Villa, Simone title = Stigma at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-08-07 keywords = COVID-19; chinese summary = 1 Beginning in late January 2020, when the COVID-19 epidemic was still largely limited to China, verbal and physical attacks against Chinese or people of Asian descent have been documented in many countries. 10 In contrary, uninfected COVID-19 people may be facing discrimination when applying for jobs in some countries that may implement COVID-19 passport strategies, despite recommendations of the World Health Organization against such a practice. This reactive behaviour facilitates spreading of infectious pathogens especially among those with mild symptoms who avoid seeking medical attention and act J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f as usual not to raise suspicion on their condition. The world cannot bear a parallel pandemic of stigma, which only serves to boost the spread of infectious diseases and worsen people''s health conditions and social behaviours. Noteworthy, individuals with COVID-19 may develop poor health-seeking behaviours (e.g. avoiding testing) because, by anticipating and fearing stigma, they may perceive the risk of losing their job and being marginalised in the society. doi = 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.08.001 id = cord-021375-lca26xum author = Voelkner, Nadine title = Riding the Shi: From Infection Barriers to the Microbial City date = 2019-08-23 keywords = Hong; Kong; Macphail; chinese; human; virus summary = Taking its cue from the currently accepted germ theory of disease, such mechanisms render a global city like Hong Kong not only pervasively "on alert" and under threat of unpredictable and pathogenic viruses and other microbes, it also gives rise to a hygiene and antimicrobial politics that is never entirely able to control pathogenic circulation. Considering recent advances in gene sequencing in microbiology, through which a "vast diversity of microbial life in, on and around the human body" (Lorimer 2017, 544) has been identified as residing in complex relationality with one another, how befitting is it to fight infectious diseases by indiscriminately eliminating microbes through the use of antimicrobials and practicing urban hygiene as in the case of Hong Kong? Various scholars have noted how, much like Hong Kong in the face of SARS, global public health programs adopt an antimicrobial stance to the control and/or elimination of infectious diseases, however, which might prove to be counterproductive in securing human life (Macphail 2014; Methot and Alizon 2014; Fishel 2015 Fishel , 2017 White 2015; Hinchliffe et al. doi = 10.1093/ips/olz016 id = cord-282298-8tcw3cll author = Wang, Jie title = Current Situation and Perspectives of Clinical Study in Integrative Medicine in China date = 2012-02-21 keywords = TCM; chinese; clinical; medicine; syndrome summary = doi = 10.1155/2012/268542 id = cord-262201-4pab383g author = Wang, Lei title = Chinese herbs in treatment of influenza: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial date = 2010-06-22 keywords = Antiwei; chinese; influenza summary = doi = 10.1016/j.rmed.2010.05.015 id = cord-340119-af8i359n author = Wang, Shi-xin title = Diagnosis and treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine date = 2020-04-15 keywords = COVID-19; TCM; chinese summary = Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is capable of performing syndrome differentiation and treatment according to the clinical manifestations of patients, and has a better ability of epidemic prevention and control. TCM characteristics, prevention and treatment of pneumonia infected by novel coronavirus in Hunan Province from the perspective of dampness, toxin and dryness Notice of Beijing Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine on issuing the prevention and treatment plan for pneumonia infected by novel coronavirus in Beijing (trial second edition) Notice of Municipal Health Commission on issuing traditional Chinese medicine prevention and treatment plan for pneumonia infected by novel coronavirus in Tianjin (for trial implementation) Notice on issuing the prevention and treatment plan of traditional Chinese medicine for pneumonia infected by novel coronavirus in Gansu Province (trial second edition) Notice on issuing the diagnosis and treatment plan of traditional Chinese medicine for pneumonia infected by novel coronavirus in Hunan Province (trial second edition) doi = 10.1016/j.joim.2020.04.001 id = cord-017225-6ofi6mg5 author = Wei, Yuwa title = Human Rights Issues date = 2018-12-10 keywords = China; People; Republic; chinese; food; human; right; safety summary = In addition to those arising in the areas of religious toleration, judicial practice, treatment of labor and forced abortion, which were extensively reported by the media in the past, some newly emerged problems concerning human rights violation are much more alarming, due to the size of population affected and the degree of challenge caused to the public''s psychological endurance and confidence in the social ethnics and administration of the nation. In addition to those arising in the areas of religious toleration, judicial practice, treatment of labor and forced abortion, which were extensively reported by the media in the past, some newly emerged problems concerning human rights violation are much more alarming, due to the size of population affected and the degree of challenge caused to the public''s psychological endurance and confidence in the social ethnics and administration of the nation. doi = 10.1007/978-981-13-3699-7_8 id = cord-034118-zwlugvlk author = Whitten, Gregory title = Do political relations affect international trade? Evidence from China’s twelve trading partners date = 2020-10-22 keywords = China; chinese; export; relation; trade summary = We examine the impacts of the change of political relations between China and twelve trading partners, namely, Australia, Germany, France, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea (South), Pakistan, Russia, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Vietnam. Our results from pair-by-pair analyses (e.g., China and one of the preceding countries) show that trade, political relations, and gross domestic product (GDP) all exist in a long-run stable relationship as evidence by the finding of at least one cointegrating vector for the aforementioned variables. A positive shock to relations usually leads to greater trade flows between China and the economies (especially for Australia, France, Germany, Indonesia, Pakistan, the UK) though trade declines in a few cases (India and Vietnam). A positive shock to partner exports to China results in better relations for six countries (Australia, France, Germany, India, Japan, Vietnam); interestingly, the same shock leads to slightly or significantly worse relations (from China''s perspective) for the remaining 6 country pairs (Australia, Indonesia, Korea, Russia, the UK, the US). doi = 10.1186/s41072-020-00076-w id = cord-282871-y2i5pdmb author = Wiwanitkit, Viroj title = Chinese Medicine in the Management of New and Emerging Infectious Diseases date = 2018-03-31 keywords = chinese summary = The use of Chinese medicine to manage new and emerging infectious diseases, however, has attracted significant attention. In this brief article, the use of Chinese medicine in the management of new emerging infectious diseases is summarized and discussed. In this brief article, the use of Chinese medicine in the management of new emerging infectious diseases is summarized and discussed. In modern medicine, a representative example of applied Chinese medicine in the management of emerging infection is the case of classical drug-resistant malaria. As mentioned, an increased role for Chinese medicine in the management of new and emerging infectious diseases can be anticipated, and some reports describing its use have already been published. Of several Chinese medicine regimens, the use of the edible bird''s nest (EBN) has been widely proposed for its possible effectiveness against new and emerging influenzas, and its utility has been extensively studied. The usefulness of case reports in managing emerging infectious disease doi = 10.1016/s2589-3777(19)30004-7 id = cord-269958-nj0ub9in author = Woods, Eric Taylor title = COVID‐19, nationalism, and the politics of crisis: A scholarly exchange date = 2020-07-19 keywords = COVID-19; China; Greenfeld; States; United; chinese; nationalism; pandemic summary = This is deepening as Taiwan gains substantial support from other democratic states, while China appears to be taking advantage of the health crisis to step up its naval and air force intrusions into the waters around the island and into the South China Sea. This growing linkage of the pandemic with the national security of the United States and China creates a context within which individuals in both countries are likely to be harassed as carriers of COVID-19, especially in the context of the rising populism that is highlighted by Miller-Idriss. doi = 10.1111/nana.12644 id = cord-289238-f3lv7o4d author = Wu, Taixiang title = Traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of acute respiratory tract infections date = 2008-08-31 keywords = TCM; chinese summary = Summary Aims To review the evidence from Cochrane systematic reviews for the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicinal (TCM) herbs for treating acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) and to discuss the limitations of current clinical trials of TCM. The six reviews related to the use of TCM in the treatment of acute bronchitis, influenza, measles, sore throat, common cold and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), respectively. If a preparation was tested as the intervention, it had a high rate of effectiveness; if used as a control drug by another author, it may have had a much lower rate of One poor-quality trial showed that TCM may decrease influenza symptoms and speed up recovery. Common cold 14 trials identified and included In five studies, treatment with herbal preparations resulted in a statistically significantly shorter duration of symptoms compared with control. doi = 10.1016/j.rmed.2008.03.015 id = cord-019040-lj1r8ptb author = Xiao, Ren title = Human Security in Practice: The Chinese Experience date = 2018-12-07 keywords = China; chinese; human; people; security summary = As one of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council, China has long been supportive of the UN, the most important international organization in today''s world, and the country has played a proactive role in various UN activities such as peacebuilding, development, and global governance (Breslin and Ren 2018) . In fact, as Cui Shunji of Zhejiang University points out, since the initiation of reform, at the highest levels, attention has been placed on poverty reduction, the pursuit of a sustainable development model, and China''s proposals for constructing a "harmonious society" and a "harmonious world." These goals indicate that China regards the guaranteeing of basic human needs, social justice, and harmony as well as sustainable development as important parts of a continuum of national security (S. "Letting people live a happier life with more dignity" has become the goal of national development, which indicates that China''s recognition of human security has been elevated to the political level. doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-97247-3_3 id = cord-278817-dfxly2qg author = Xiaoyan, Li title = Clinical outcomes of influenza-like illness treated with Chinese herbal medicine: an observational study date = 2018-02-28 keywords = CHM; H1N1; chinese summary = There were no significant differences in the time to alleviation of symptoms, incidence of complications, time to becoming afebrile, or rate of severe illness among the CHM, conventional, and combination treatment groups. The present study began in December 2009 in China and was supported by the Chinese government''s program on "Clinical research on H1N1 pandemic influenza treated with CHM." 14 The aim of the study was to determine how Chinese physicians treated patients with influenza-like illnesses in clinical practice and compare the effectiveness of different treatments for influenza. CHM combined with symptomatic treatment was the main form of therapy for influenza-like illness in clinical practice, especially for patients with severe symptoms. In this study, no significant differences were found in the time to alleviation of symptoms, incidence of complications, time until becoming afebrile, or rate of severe illness among the CHM, conventional treatment, and combined treatment groups. doi = 10.1016/j.jtcm.2018.02.011 id = cord-316853-vaea6siv author = Xie, Nanzhen title = Prevalence of depressive symptoms among nurses in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-07-07 keywords = chinese; nurse; prevalence summary = Therefore, the primary aim of this study is to quantitatively assess the prevalence of depressive symptoms in nurses from Chinese mainland and its primary related influencing factors by systematic review and meta-analysis. The following information was extracted from all included studies: title, year of publication, province, sample size, number of positive cases, diagnostic methods and other potential factors that may affect the prevalence of depressive symptoms in nurses and that was provided in the studies. In addition, subgroup analysis was performed based on other potential sources of heterogeneity, such as province, regions (Northwest, Southwest, Northeast, South, Central, East and North China), severity of depressive symptoms, department, gender, age, job title, marriage, education background, shift work and hospital grade (if available). doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0235448 id = cord-310210-f2wb3er0 author = Xie, Runsheng title = The RIGHT Extension Statement for Traditional Chinese Medicine: Development, Recommendations, and Explanation date = 2020-09-02 keywords = RIGHT; TCM; chinese summary = In response to this long-standing problem, the Reporting Items for practice Guidelines in HealThcare (RIGHT) Working Group has organized a group of TCM clinical experts, methodologists, and epidemiology, through a multi-staged development process, including systematic review, reporting quality evaluation and online Delphi expert consensus, developed the RIGHT Extension Statement for TCM (RIGHT-TCM). These general principles and basic methods for treating diseases are based on the unique concept of holism and syndrome differentiation and have guiding significance for the specific J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f treatment measures in traditional Chinese medicine [22] . Using the RIGHT Statement to evaluate the reporting quality of clinical practice guidelines in traditional Chinese medicine Extension of RIGHT 13a item (recommendation section) 7Describe whether to treat disease based on the syndrome differentiation of traditional Chinese medicine. doi = 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105178 id = cord-315591-5ttn8beu author = Xie, Yaofei title = Dose–response relationship between intergenerational contact frequency and depressive symptoms amongst elderly Chinese parents: a cross-sectional study date = 2020-09-15 keywords = chinese; depressive; symptom summary = title: Dose–response relationship between intergenerational contact frequency and depressive symptoms amongst elderly Chinese parents: a cross-sectional study BACKGROUND: Given the high prevalence of depressive symptoms amongst the elderly Chinese population and the significance of intergenerational contact in this demographic group, the purpose of this study was to examine the association and dose–response relationship between the frequency of intergenerational contact and depressive symptoms. However, to our knowledge, no study has investigated the direct association between intergenerational contact frequency and depressive symptoms in the elderly Chinese population. To address this gap in knowledge, the present study in elderly Chinese participants aims to: (a) examine the association between intergenerational contact frequency and depressive symptoms, and (b) explore its dose-response relationship. The present study demonstrates that lower intergenerational contact frequency with children is independently associated with greater depressive symptoms amongst the elderly Chinese population. doi = 10.1186/s12877-020-01751-0 id = cord-253286-ieyqoxe6 author = Xu, Judy title = Traditional Chinese medicine in the Chinese health care system date = 2008-10-22 keywords = China; TCM; chinese; medicine summary = OBJECTIVES: This study examines the role and value of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the current health care system in China. In addition to the Drug Administration Law of the People''s Republic of China, Chinese herbal medicine production, distribution, pricing, and utilization are under the regulations of different government agencies, such as the Chinese State Food and Drug Administration and the National Development and Reform Commission. In health centers, Chinese herbal medicine revenue represented less than 15% of the total medication revenue. A study showed that only 30,000 TCM doctors in China are still prescribing raw/sliced herbal medicine based on TCM theory and Chinese herbology [9] . In addition to investigating and releasing information on adverse-reaction and medical errors, the government can also provide knowledge and studies on the current development of Traditional Medicine and Alternative and Complementary Medicine in western health systems. doi = 10.1016/j.healthpol.2008.09.003 id = cord-030821-kr9i33dy author = Yan, Fei title = Managing ‘Digital China’ During the Covid-19 Pandemic: Nationalist Stimulation and its Backlash date = 2020-08-25 keywords = China; chinese summary = Analysis shows that the Chinese communist state has updated itself with a ''marriage'' between digital technologies and nationalist ideologies, thus gaining the ability to reshape important narratives on the Internet and social media while also having to confront the inevitable backlash from this manipulation. Fang''s online diaries presented an unwelcome challenge to the state narrative, which by this time was concentrated on promoting the triumphs of the Chinese government in winning the war against the virus and contrasting its success with its ''failing'' Western counterparts who were presented as struggling ineffectually to combat the spread of the pandemic. While the Internet and social media have provided the Chinese people with the means to express and exchange their ideas more easily, these technological opportunities have not promoted a ''Habermasian Public Sphere'' which could facilitate China''s transition to a liberal, democratic system of government (Schneider 2018: 11) . doi = 10.1007/s42438-020-00181-w id = cord-316181-ccauw70y author = Yang, Fude title = Radix Bupleuri: A Review of Traditional Uses, Botany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology date = 2017-05-16 keywords = Bupleuri; Bupleurum; Radix; chinese; effect summary = Crude extracts and pure compounds isolated from Radix Bupleuri exhibited various biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antipyretic, antimicrobial, antiviral, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and immunomodulatory effects. Pharmacokinetic studies have demonstrated that the major bioactive compounds (saikosaponins a, b(2), c, and d) were absorbed rapidly in rats after oral administration of the extract of Radix Bupleuri. Triterpenoid saponins are the main active components of Radix Bupleuri, which exhibit a broad spectrum of biological and pharmacological effects, including analgesic, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and antiviral activities [3, [41] [42] [43] . reported that saikosaponins from Radix Bupleuri exhibited anti-inflammatory activity on inflammatory processes including inhibition of inflammatory exudation, capillary permeability, inflammatory mediators release, migration of white cells, connective tissue hyperplasia, and a variety of allergic inflammation [67] . Saponins isolated from Radix Bupleuri also exhibited significantly anti-proliferative activity in human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells through Fas-dependent apoptotic pathway [80] . doi = 10.1155/2017/7597596 id = cord-303107-f5k686pg author = Yang, Yifan title = Globalism or Nationalism? The Paradox of Chinese Official Discourse in the Context of the COVID-19 Outbreak date = 2020-09-16 keywords = China; chinese; covid-19; discourse; western summary = doi = 10.1007/s11366-020-09697-1 id = cord-350057-2rac6nql author = Yao, Xuebiao title = In focus: molecular and cell biology research in China date = 2013-08-07 keywords = China; MCB; NSFC; Talent; chinese summary = The CSCB has played an increasingly important part in advancing MCB research in China by organizing biennial national meetings, sponsoring special conferences and workshops on selective topic s and advocating the need for initiating specific research and funding programmes for emerging scientific areas. This Essay highlights the current organization of MCB research programmes in China, funding opportunities and application procedures, career development initiatives for Chinese scientists returning from abroad and for foreign scholars, as well as the opportunities for scientific collaborations. The creatio n of androgenetic haploid embryonic stem (AG-haES) cells and their application in the generation of genetically modified mice 21, 22 , as well as the functional delineation of cellular plasticity and homeostasis regulators based on structural insights, has also been achieved by MCB researchers in China [23] [24] [25] . doi = 10.1038/nrm3638 id = cord-019106-vpc76p2c author = Yates, J. Frank title = Culture and decision making date = 2016-09-14 keywords = Americans; asian; chinese; cultural; culture; decision; japanese summary = As reviewed below, these differences have been proposed to underlie much cross-cultural variation in decision-making, such as the decision modes people use, their preferences, negotiation styles, creativity, and more. In studies of cross-national differences, Americans were less likely than Russians to offer unsolicited advice (Chentsova-Dutton & Vaughn, 2012), potentially reflecting a preference for independent, individual decision-making. In another cross-national study, Indian participants were more likely than Americans to comply with advice (Savani, Morris, Naidu, Kumar, & Berlia, 2011) , suggesting that they, like Russians, might customarily include other people in their decision making. Evidence suggests that Koreans make use of more information than Americans in judgment tasks, and that the relationship between holistic thinking and preference for large information sets is positive at the individual level within each culture (Choi, Dalal, Kim-Prieto, & Park, 2003) . doi = 10.1016/j.obhdp.2016.05.003 id = cord-258792-4lakgpxp author = Yoon, Sung‐Won title = Sovereign Dignity, Nationalism and the Health of a Nation: A Study of China''s Response in Combat of Epidemics date = 2008-04-08 keywords = AIDS; China; Health; SARS; chinese; disease summary = Unless and until the Chinese leadership examines the nationalistic element embedded in their approach towards growing disease Sung-Won Yoon: Sovereign Dignity, Nationalism and the Health of a Nation epidemics and globalising health challenges, China''s ascendance to great power status will actually be harmed rather than helped. A major factor behind the government''s recent change in its attitude towards the AIDS epidemic seemed to be the outbreak of SARS in China in Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism: Vol. 8, No. 1, 2008 2003, which exposed the dangers of not reacting to emerging infectious diseases. It is argued that global health governance may influence the nation''s response to the threats posed by emerging infectious diseases such as SARS or AIDS as a mode of building political compromises but does not considerably alter the nation''s behaviour, at least for China. doi = 10.1111/j.1754-9469.2008.00009.x id = cord-330674-enq6kgab author = Yu, Jung-Sheng title = Traditional Chinese medicine treatments for upper respiratory tract infections/common colds in Taiwan date = 2014-06-12 keywords = TCM; Taiwan; Tang; chinese summary = INTRODUCTION: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used to treat upper respiratory tract infections/common colds (URTIs) in Asian countries for over 2000 years. METHODS: The TCM treatments for patients consulting with an URTIs were analyzed from the National Health Insurance Research Database using the appropriate codes from the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnoses for Taiwan in 2009. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used to treat upper respiratory tract infections/common colds (URTIs) in Asian countries for over 2000 years. A number of Chinese herbs have been used to treat URTIs. TCM treatment of disease in Taiwan is generally in accordance with TCM theories and the personal experience of the CMDs. Our results showed that Yin-Qiao-San was the most popular TCM formula that was used to treat URTIs. Yin-Qiao-San first appeared in the record of WenBingTiaoBian (1798-1836 A.D.) and remains a common TCM prescription for treating seasonal influenza [35] , as well as the common cold, fever, cough, and other respiratory tract diseases [36] . doi = 10.1016/j.eujim.2014.06.003 id = cord-285567-glm49rr4 author = Zeng, Pengjiao title = The structures and biological functions of polysaccharides from traditional Chinese herbs date = 2019-03-25 keywords = Lycium; chinese; cordyceps; polysaccharide; sinensis summary = doi = 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.03.003 id = cord-293265-qqxlwpju author = Zeng, Yong title = Clinical characteristics of 9 cancer patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection date = 2020-05-14 keywords = SARS; chinese summary = D-dimmer rise, infection index rise, and chest CT(computed tomography) progression may be clinical warning indicators for severe patients, in our study, more 50% of patients had elevated levels of these indicators, but only 44% (including the dead) of patients had received treatment in the intensive care unit. Cancer comorbidity seems to have no direct relationship with severe events, and the combination of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine may be effective in the prevention and treatment of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia (NICP). Studies [10] found that the combination of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine was effective in the prevention and treatment of NICP in all stages, and the response rate of symptoms such as fever, cough and fatigue were significantly increased in ordinary patients after taking lianhua qingwen granules. By analyzing 9 cancer patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, cancer comorbidity seems to have no direct relationship with severe events, and the combination of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine may doi = 10.1186/s13020-020-00328-8 id = cord-341436-apcueljv author = Zhai, Yusen title = Mental health care for international Chinese students affected by the COVID-19 outbreak date = 2020-03-19 keywords = chinese summary = title: Mental health care for international Chinese students affected by the COVID-19 outbreak 2 Hence, we urgently need to address the mental health needs of international Chinese students. Although these universities provide counselling services, such centres are often understaffed, and long waiting times might aggravate students'' mental health problems. Mental health care for international Chinese students requires improvement. First, a walkin triage system can assist university counselling centres in differentiating urgent and routine problems; 3 meanwhile, the triage coordinator needs to be aware of international Chinese students'' specific mental health concerns involving COVID-19. 4 Free counselling services in training clinics can also ease anxiety among international Chinese students experiencing distress. Education is also needed to inform the public about the facts of COVID-19 to protect international Chinese students from hate crimes. 5 Thus, building institutional and societal awareness of international Chinese students'' needs for mental health care can be the lynchpin of supporting them. doi = 10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30089-4 id = cord-300517-41pr3dwa author = Zhang, Dan title = The clinical benefits of Chinese patent medicines against COVID-19 based on current evidence date = 2020-05-05 keywords = COVID-19; China; Injection; TCM; chinese summary = doi = 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104882 id = cord-300838-43spq01m author = Zhang, G.-X. title = Social and professional consequences of COVID-19 lockdown in patients with multiple sclerosis from 2 very different populations date = 2020-10-29 keywords = China; chinese summary = title: Social and professional consequences of COVID-19 lockdown in patients with multiple sclerosis from 2 very different populations Method Questionnaires were applied to a group of MS patients who have been reviewed in the MS unit of the Vithas hospital (DINAC Foundation) in Seville, and MS patients attended in various provinces of China during the month of April 2020, with the aim of analyzing the differences and similarities of the socio-labor effect between both populations. Although the consequences of COVID-19 were initially thought to be more severe, the results from our questionnaire, both in Spain and in China, suggest that the disease has had no significant impact on MS and that these patients present a similar risk to that of individuals without MS. In conclusion, China and Spain present more similarities than differences in terms of the social and employment consequences of lockdown on patients with MS. doi = 10.1016/j.nrleng.2020.08.007 id = cord-016120-pz2q62i7 author = Zhang, Jie title = Chai Jing: The Power of Vulnerability date = 2019-02-16 keywords = CCTV; Chai; China; Dome; SARS; chinese; news summary = This uneasiness with emotion, which is perceived to be opposite to journalistic objectivity, as well as the questioning of Chai''s sincerity, which is an innate paradox of the new documentary movement itself (some questioned whether the filmmakers are using the stories of the marginalized people for their own identity politics), provides a lens into the media consumption habits of the Chinese public in the first two decades of the twenty-first century. Chai left the CCTV in 2014 and returned to the public sphere in 2015 with her documentary Under the Dome, which uses a TED talk format to combine personal testimonials, graphs and data, animation, and interviews to investigate the causes of China''s air pollution. Chai''s embracing her own feelings of vulnerability, which dominated the beginning of her career, and using it to channel public feelings and drive news reporting has made her a distinctively controversial media personality. doi = 10.1007/978-981-13-5980-4_3 id = cord-350443-ca5avyjf author = Zhang, Lei title = Trends in Notifiable Infectious Diseases in China: Implications for Surveillance and Population Health Policy date = 2012-02-16 keywords = China; HIV; chinese; disease summary = This study reviews trends in notifiable infectious diseases in China, in their historical context, discusses the current epidemiological state of these infections and their implications for disease surveillance and public health interventions. The total number of diagnosed and death cases were estimated by multiplying morbidity and mortality rates by the overall Chinese population in the study years. In 2008, the three most frequently reported disease types included viral hepatitis (38.3%), bacterial infections (33.3%) and STIs and HIV (9.8%), which account for 5.4, 4.8 and 1.4 million diagnosed cases respectively during the period 2005-2008 (Table 1) . Second, the rapid rise in the number of notified cases of STIs, especially HIV infection, and viral hepatitis in China is associated with growth of the sex industry, increasingly frequent risky sexual behaviours and an increasing number of sexual partners in the general Chinese population. doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0031076 id = cord-275171-uokqn2u8 author = Zhang, Li title = Wildlife trade, consumption and conservation awareness in southwest China date = 2008-03-21 keywords = China; animal; chinese; consumption; wild; wildlife summary = 2. The current situation includes four types of consumer behavior among Chinese urban residents: using wild animals as food, using medicine or tonic products containing wildlife ingredients, wearing ornaments and garments made from wildlife, and keeping wildlife as pets. Regarding wild animal protection work, the percentage of those not supportive is much higher among heavy consumers than among the other two groups. With regard to the willingness to participate in public benefit activities for wild animal protection, a high percentage of heavy consumers are willing to take part in ecological tourism and provide monetary support, but the percentage of those willing to change their consumption behavior is lower than the other two groups. In this survey, we find that currently a high percentage of Chinese urban residents is still not clear about what wild animals are protected. doi = 10.1007/s10531-008-9358-8 id = cord-306448-pxdqvk1p author = Zhang, Li title = Selective depletion of glycyrrhizin from Si-Ni-San, a traditional Chinese prescription, blocks its effect on contact sensitivity in mice and recovers adhesion and metalloproteinases production of T lymphocytes date = 2005-03-21 keywords = San; chinese summary = doi = 10.1016/j.intimp.2005.02.015 id = cord-024111-7yrftdp4 author = Zhang, Runzhi title = Traditional Chinese Medicine and Gut Microbiome: Their Respective and Concert Effects on Healthcare date = 2020-04-22 keywords = TCM; chinese; effect; gut; intestinal; microbiome summary = Advances in systems biology, particularly based on the omics approaches, have resulted in a paradigm shift in both traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and the gut microbiome research. Dietary interventions might lead to the modulation of gut microbiome, which will contribute to weight loss, enhance the integrity of the intestinal barrier, and reduce the antigenic load in the circulation, ultimately improving the inflammatory and metabolic phenotypes (Xiao et al., 2014) . Previous studies have proven that TCM is conductive to maintain the homeostasis of the intestinal flora (Chang et al., 2015; Zhou et al., 2016) , and the gut microbiome could also exert pharmacological effects of the TCM on host (Park et al., 2006) , which render TCM a potential new drug in the western markets. Thus, research about relationship between TCM and gut microbiome is significant, which helps researchers to further study the pharmacological effects of TCM on the human body and the causal links among intestinal microbiome with disease. doi = 10.3389/fphar.2020.00538 id = cord-333119-vu4qbcy1 author = Zhang, Xiao-rui title = The Important Role of Volatile Components From a Traditional Chinese Medicine Dayuan-Yin Against the COVID-19 Pandemic date = 2020-09-25 keywords = COVID-19; Dayuan; Yin; chinese; effect summary = title: The Important Role of Volatile Components From a Traditional Chinese Medicine Dayuan-Yin Against the COVID-19 Pandemic Moreover, 1,8-cineole, the major constituent of the essential oil of Lanxangia tsao-ko (Crevost & Lemarie) M.F.Newman & Skornick., is commonly applied for treating inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract caused by viruses since it potentiates the antiviral effect of IRF3, in addition to its inhibitory effect on proinflammatory NF-kB signaling (Müller et al., 2016) . However, according to data collected by the National Health Commission of the people''s Republic of China, clinical practice in Chinese hospitals have reported that traditional Chinese medicine has a definite therapeutic effect in the early stages of COVID-19 infection . The antiinflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial and immunomodulatory effects of these volatiles seem to play the most critical roles in treating patients infected with COVID-19. Study on the Mechanism of Aromatic Traditional Chinese Medicine Compound on Prevention and Treatment of New Coronavirus Pneumonia doi = 10.3389/fphar.2020.583651 id = cord-266257-hp11at50 author = Zhang, Yao title = Mental Health Problems during the COVID-19 Pandemics and the Mitigation Effects of Exercise: A Longitudinal Study of College Students in China date = 2020-05-25 keywords = chinese; covid-19 summary = The focus of this longitudinal study is twofold: (1) To investigate the impact of the COVID-19 severity on Chinese college students'' mental health and life status and explore the underlying mechanisms of this effect during the peak time of the COVID-19, from February 19 to March 20, 2020; and (2) to assess the mitigation effects of exercise on negative emotions and advance a suitable physical activity level as a psychological intervention strategy to improve mental health. The focus of this longitudinal study is twofold: (1) To investigate the impact of the COVID-19 severity on Chinese college students'' mental health and life status and explore the underlying mechanisms of this effect during the peak time of the COVID-19, from February 19 to March 20, 2020; and (2) to assess the mitigation effects of exercise on negative emotions and advance a suitable physical activity level as a psychological intervention strategy to improve mental health. doi = 10.3390/ijerph17103722 id = cord-279960-1phc0wds author = Zhao, Ai title = Dietary Diversity among Chinese Residents during the COVID-19 Outbreak and Its Associated Factors date = 2020-06-06 keywords = COVID-19; China; chinese; hdd summary = This study aimed to (1) explore the dietary diversity during the lockdown time in China and (2) examine factors associated with dietary diversity including socio-economic characteristics, sources for food and food purchases, and specific dietary behaviors responding to COVID-19 and isolation. Logistic regression was used to model the associations among HDDS, participants'' characteristics, approaches to purchase or obtain food, and behaviors adopted to cope with COVID-19. We also identified a total of 37.7% participants who consumed certain foods or nutritional supplements to cope with COVID-19, which included vitamin C, probiotics, other dietary supplements, alcohol, and vinegar. This study was conducted via a quick online survey to assess dietary diversity among Chinese residents during the time of isolation and "staying at home" due to COVID-19 and to explore its associated factors. Logistic regression was used to model the associations among HDDS, participants'' characteristics, approaches for food purchasing/sourcing, and certain dietary strategies to cope with COVID-19. doi = 10.3390/nu12061699 id = cord-290412-m6fesoyb author = Zhao, Chang-qing title = Traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of liver diseases: progress, challenges and opportunities date = 2014-09-30 keywords = FZHYC; TCM; chinese; liver summary = doi = 10.1016/s2095-4964(14)60039-x id = cord-021179-sctzn7i7 author = Zhao, Kejin title = China’s Rise and its Discursive Power Strategy date = 2016-07-04 keywords = China; Committee; chinese; discursive; international; power; western summary = China hopes to expand the influence of ''''Socialism With Chinese Characteristics'''' abroad through strategic efforts to build discursive power, especially in order to delegitimize the ''''China threat'''' theory overseas, dispel the doubts of other countries caused by the rapid increase in China''s economic capabilities, and fully integrate into the international community. They have launched debates in the academic community on ''''universal values'''' and ''''the Chinese model'''' which encourage Chinese academics to compete with their Western counterparts for new political discourse 24 (Chen 2010; Zhang 2011 CPC National Congress in 2007, President Hu Jintao for the first time elevated the promotion of China''s soft power to a national strategic height, and formulated a key strategic objective to strengthen Chinese culture''s competitiveness overseas for the sake of winning international discursive power. doi = 10.1007/s41111-016-0037-8 id = cord-343163-khnyx9qu author = Zhao, Rui title = Defining and quantifying China''s ocean economy date = 2013-06-21 keywords = China; chinese; marine; ocean summary = Given the series of national strategies related to the development of the ocean economy reviewed above, it becomes very important to provide all marine policy makers, planners and decision makers with accessible and reliable information regarding the role of the ocean industries in local and 1 This is a larger estimate of the value of the ocean economy than presented in this paper for 2008 as this paper has examined only the data on the 12 major ocean industries in China whereas the figure of 9.87 includes ocean related industries (those enterprises that form a technical and economic link with the major marine industries) as well. The methodology followed by the Chinese National Marine Data and Information Service to quantify the size and composition of the ocean economy is very similar to the methodology employed by the US National Oceans Economic Program (NOEP) as well as methodologies followed by other coastal countries that have analyzed their respective ocean economies, such as Canada, Australia and Ireland [19] [20] [21] [22] . doi = 10.1016/j.marpol.2013.05.008 id = cord-006092-v25ji4zt author = Zhenzhen, Li title = Health biotechnology in China—reawakening of a giant date = 2004 keywords = China; biotechnology; chinese summary = A comparison of China''s health biotechnology publications in international peerreviewed journals with its patents granted in the United Status Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO, Washington, DC, USA) between 1991 and 2002 provides another indicator of the country''s innovation level in terms of scientific output and commercial potential (Fig. 1) . In 1986, the government launched ''The National High Technology Research and Development Program of China,'' also known as the ''863'' Program to promote development in six priority fields, including health (medical) biotechnology. Although there has been rapid growth in the Chinese health care biotechnology sector in recent years, the scientific excellence and expertise available in universities and public research institutions has not been exploited to its full potential. In addition, although an increasing number of expatriate scientists are returning to China to form startups, the proportion of Chinese scientists that work and study abroad may be limiting growth of the national health care biotechnology sector. doi = 10.1038/nbt1204supp-dc13 id = cord-313418-v5rtsqtx author = Zhu, Annah title = Understanding China’s wildlife markets: Trade and tradition in an age of pandemic date = 2020-08-04 keywords = China; chinese; wildlife summary = Beyond the global fight against the pandemic, there has been another global struggle over the meaning and origin of the disease, as evidenced by the spread of terms like ''''Wuhan Flu" and ''''bat soup." What has become obscured by the news cycle struggling to keep up with the rapid spread of the virus and the political sound and fury surrounding it is any meaningful understanding of China''s wildlife consumption and trade. Working toward this deeper understanding, we highlight three facets of China''s wildlife trade often overlooked in Western media and scholarship, but that are vital to understanding its dynamics and persistence: (1) the fundamental importance of traditional Chinese medicine in everyday life in China, (2) the speculative aspect of demand for rare wildlife, and (3) the reliance on captive breeding as a conservation tool for preventing species extinction. doi = 10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105108 id = cord-002583-cgcf7mgj author = Zhuo, Xun-hui title = Evaluation of potential anti-toxoplasmosis efficiency of combined traditional herbs in a mouse model date = 2017-06-01 keywords = PBS; chinese summary = The results showed that the survival time of mice in the 500 mg Chinese herbs group and sulfadiazine group was significantly longer than that of the PBS control group. Also the parasite load in blood and tissues of 500 mg Chinese herbs and sulfadiazine groups was significantly lower than that of PBS group at 7 days post infection (dpi), which was in accordance with the result of histological detection. Results of spleen, lung, and liver tissues presented a similar pattern in that parasite loads were all largely increased from 3 to 7 dpi, and mice of the PBS control group had statistically significantly higher parasite load compared with sulfadiazine and 500 mg Chinese herb groups (P<0.05). The lungs of sulfadiazine and Chinese herbs-treated mice possessed a significantly lower parasite load than that of the PBS control group (P<0.05) and the histological result verified this from the morphological perspective. doi = 10.1631/jzus.b1600316 id = cord-014597-66vd2mdu author = nan title = Abstracts from the 25th European Society for Animal Cell Technology Meeting: Cell Technologies for Innovative Therapies: Lausanne, Switzerland. 14-17 May 2017 date = 2018-03-15 keywords = CHO; Fig; HEK293; MVA; PEI; batch; cell; chinese; culture; dna; expression; gene; high; increase; line; medium; process; production; protein; table summary = Irrespective of the cell culture-based system and production scale, PEIpro® and PEIpro®-HQ have led to efficient viral vector yields superior to 10 7 IG/mL and 10 9 VG/mL, respectively for lentiviruses and AAVs Background Continuous perfusion process is making a comeback as a competing upstream manufacturing technology for the production of Biopharmaceuticals compared to the standard fed batch processes. To evaluate the impact of feed-spiking compared with cultivation in basal medium only, the cell line was grown in bioreactors under controlled conditions to determine cellspecific metabolic rates, nutrient consumption, and byproduct accumulation over the process time. Through the interchangeability of signal peptides between products and even species, a large variety can be used to enhance protein expression in already existing production systems Materials and methods At first the influence of four different natural SPs (SP (7), (8), (9) and (10)) was compared on the secreted amount of an IgG4 model antibody (product A) in fed batches using a CHO DG44 host cell line. doi = 10.1186/s12919-018-0097-x id = cord-023837-kenstpja author = nan title = China date = 2019 keywords = China; GDP; Hong; January; July; Kong; People; Republic; Taiwan; USA; chinese summary = doi = 10.1007/978-1-349-95321-9_204