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M.; Schuetz, Michael A.; Hutmacher, Dietmar W. title: Bone Regeneration Based on Tissue Engineering Conceptions — A 21st Century Perspective date: 2013-09-25 journal: Bone Res DOI: 10.4248/br201303002 sha: doc_id: 1687 cord_uid: paax8pqh file: cache/cord-007331-wccmeaep.json key: cord-007331-wccmeaep authors: Orcutt, Connie J. title: Emergency and Critical Care of Ferrets date: 2017-04-20 journal: Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract DOI: 10.1016/s1094-9194(17)30157-3 sha: doc_id: 7331 cord_uid: wccmeaep file: cache/cord-031188-btrc3k4c.json key: cord-031188-btrc3k4c authors: Shrestha, Sunil; Shakya, Deepa; Palaian, Subish title: Clinical Pharmacy Education and Practice in Nepal: A Glimpse into Present Challenges and Potential Solutions date: 2020-08-14 journal: Adv Med Educ Pract DOI: 10.2147/amep.s257351 sha: doc_id: 31188 cord_uid: btrc3k4c file: cache/cord-015334-8p124rwp.json key: cord-015334-8p124rwp authors: nan title: ESCP 36th European Symposium on Clinical Pharmacy ‘Implementing Clinical Pharmacy in Community and Hospital Settings: Sharing the Experience’, Istanbul, Turkey 25–27 October 2007; Abstracts date: 2008-06-11 journal: Pharm World Sci DOI: 10.1007/s11096-008-9226-3 sha: doc_id: 15334 cord_uid: 8p124rwp file: cache/cord-022203-t2f0vr1w.json key: cord-022203-t2f0vr1w authors: Dowers, Kristy L; Lappin, Michael R title: The pyrexic cat date: 2009-05-15 journal: Problem-Based Feline Medicine DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-2488-7.50024-7 sha: doc_id: 22203 cord_uid: t2f0vr1w file: cache/cord-017331-ru7mvfc0.json key: cord-017331-ru7mvfc0 authors: Samanta, Indranil; Bandyopadhyay, Samiran title: Infectious Diseases date: 2017-02-25 journal: Pet bird diseases and care DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-3674-3_2 sha: doc_id: 17331 cord_uid: ru7mvfc0 file: cache/cord-007321-7gi6xrci.json key: cord-007321-7gi6xrci authors: Chow, Anthony W.; Hall, Caroline B.; Klein, Jerome O.; Kammer, Robert B.; Meyer, Richard D.; Remington, Jack S. title: Evaluation of New Anti-Infective Drugs for the Treatment of Respiratory Tract Infections date: 1992-11-17 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/clind/15.supplement_1.s62 sha: doc_id: 7321 cord_uid: 7gi6xrci file: cache/cord-026009-rdhuc2n2.json key: cord-026009-rdhuc2n2 authors: Anderson, Nancy L. title: Pet Rodents date: 2009-05-15 journal: Saunders Manual of Small Animal Practice DOI: 10.1016/b0-72-160422-6/50179-0 sha: doc_id: 26009 cord_uid: rdhuc2n2 file: cache/cord-029547-9ei1ram3.json key: cord-029547-9ei1ram3 authors: Li, Jingwei; 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Otto, Glen; Erdman, Susan; Palley, Lori; Fox, James G. title: Biology and Diseases of Ferrets date: 2007-09-02 journal: Laboratory Animal Medicine DOI: 10.1016/b978-012263951-7/50016-8 sha: doc_id: 22520 cord_uid: ebj51v9o file: cache/cord-266469-n484zqq1.json key: cord-266469-n484zqq1 authors: King, Michael J.; Lewis, Sara; El Homsi, Maria; Hernandez Meza, Gabriela; Bernheim, Adam; Jacobi, Adam; Chung, Michael; Taouli, Bachir title: Lung base CT findings in COVID-19 adult patients presenting with acute abdominal complaints: case series from a major New York City health system date: 2020-07-04 journal: Eur Radiol DOI: 10.1007/s00330-020-07040-z sha: doc_id: 266469 cord_uid: n484zqq1 file: cache/cord-258049-l55mx4lp.json key: cord-258049-l55mx4lp authors: Mansbach, Jonathan M.; Clark, Sunday; Piedra, Pedro A.; Macias, Charles G.; Schroeder, Alan R.; Pate, Brian M.; Sullivan, Ashley F.; Espinola, Janice A.; Camargo, Carlos A. title: Hospital course and discharge criteria for children hospitalized with bronchiolitis date: 2015-01-28 journal: J Hosp Med DOI: 10.1002/jhm.2318 sha: doc_id: 258049 cord_uid: l55mx4lp file: cache/cord-022034-o27mh4wz.json key: cord-022034-o27mh4wz authors: OLANO, JUAN P.; PETERS, C.J.; WALKER, DAVID H. title: Distinguishing Tropical Infectious Diseases from Bioterrorism date: 2009-05-15 journal: Tropical Infectious Diseases DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-443-06668-9.50124-1 sha: doc_id: 22034 cord_uid: o27mh4wz file: cache/cord-262843-i0cy7467.json key: cord-262843-i0cy7467 authors: Suzumoto, Masaki; Hotomi, Muneki; Billal, Dewan S.; Fujihara, Keiji; Harabuchi, Yasuaki; Yamanaka, Noboru title: A scoring system for management of acute pharyngo-tonsillitis in adults date: 2008-09-05 journal: Auris Nasus Larynx DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2008.07.001 sha: doc_id: 262843 cord_uid: i0cy7467 file: cache/cord-023165-f6o6owg3.json key: cord-023165-f6o6owg3 authors: NAVARRE, CHRISTINE B.; PUGH, D.G. title: Diseases of the Gastrointestinal System date: 2009-05-21 journal: Sheep & Goat Medicine DOI: 10.1016/b0-72-169052-1/50006-5 sha: doc_id: 23165 cord_uid: f6o6owg3 file: cache/cord-023367-ujflw19b.json key: cord-023367-ujflw19b authors: Newcomer, Benjamin W.; Cebra, Chris; Chamorro, Manuel F.; Reppert, Emily; Cebra, Margaret; Edmondson, Misty A. title: Diseases of the hematologic, immunologic, and lymphatic systems (multisystem diseases) [Image: see text] date: 2020-04-17 journal: Sheep, Goat, and Cervid Medicine DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-62463-3.00025-6 sha: doc_id: 23367 cord_uid: ujflw19b file: cache/cord-253295-82ydczid.json key: cord-253295-82ydczid authors: Funkhouser, William K. title: Pathology: the clinical description of human disease date: 2020-07-24 journal: Essential Concepts in Molecular Pathology DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-813257-9.00011-5 sha: doc_id: 253295 cord_uid: 82ydczid file: cache/cord-255746-ir73lpi8.json key: cord-255746-ir73lpi8 authors: Sirimaturos, Michael; Gotur, Deepa B.; Patel, Samir J.; Dreucean, Diane; Jakowenko, Nicholas; Cooper, Megan H.; Brahmbhatt, Nishal; Graviss, Edward A.; Nguyen, Duc T.; Pingali, Sai Ravi; Lin, Jiejian; Musick, William L. title: Clinical Outcomes Following Tocilizumab Administration in Mechanically Ventilated Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients date: 2020-10-01 journal: Crit Care Explor DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000232 sha: doc_id: 255746 cord_uid: ir73lpi8 file: cache/cord-258281-gxwk8jq9.json key: cord-258281-gxwk8jq9 authors: Wenling, Yao; 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H.; Piraino, Beth; Shoemaker, Wells; Kovarik, Jessica; Waxman, Evan(Jake); Cheriyan, Biju; Hood, Henry; Farman, Allan G.; Holder, Matthew; Torres-Urquidy, Miguel Humberto; Walji, Muhammad F.; Acharya, Amit; Mahnke, Andrea; Chyou, Po-Huang; Din, Franklin M.; Schrodi, Steven J. title: Broader Considerations of Medical and Dental Data Integration date: 2011-10-08 journal: Integration of Medical and Dental Care and Patient Data DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4471-2185-5_4 sha: doc_id: 23913 cord_uid: pnjhi8cu file: cache/cord-274283-ukhgs6z1.json key: cord-274283-ukhgs6z1 authors: Goel, Sunny; Jain, Tarun; Hooda, Amit; Malhotra, Rohit; Johal, Gurpreet; Masoomi, Reza; Kamran, Haroon; Krishnamoorthy, Parasuram Melarcode; Senguttuvan, Nagendra Boopathy; Sharma, Abhishek; Gidwani, Umesh title: Clinical Characteristics and In-Hospital Mortality for COVID-19 Across The Globe date: 2020-07-18 journal: Cardiol Ther DOI: 10.1007/s40119-020-00189-0 sha: doc_id: 274283 cord_uid: ukhgs6z1 file: cache/cord-021555-rrverrsj.json key: cord-021555-rrverrsj authors: Delano, Margaret L.; 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Katsoulis, Michail; Lai, Alvina G.; Pasea, Laura; Treibel, Thomas A.; Manisty, Charlotte; Denaxas, Spiros; Quarta, Giovanni; Hemingway, Harry; Cavalcante, João L.; Noursadeghi, Mahdad; Moon, James C. title: Clinical academic research in the time of Corona: A simulation study in England and a call for action date: 2020-08-13 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237298 sha: doc_id: 282202 cord_uid: q2q4vies file: cache/cord-282261-wcmc5mh6.json key: cord-282261-wcmc5mh6 authors: Rhodus, Elizabeth K.; Bardach, Shoshana H.; Abner, Erin L.; Gibson, Allison; Jicha, Gregory A. title: COVID-19 and geriatric clinical trials research date: 2020-09-16 journal: Aging Clin Exp Res DOI: 10.1007/s40520-020-01705-x sha: doc_id: 282261 cord_uid: wcmc5mh6 file: cache/cord-280093-w71e0ex9.json key: cord-280093-w71e0ex9 authors: Jung, So-Young; Kang, Jung Won; Kim, Tae-Hun title: Monitoring in clinical trials of complementary and alternative medicine date: 2020-09-23 journal: Integr Med Res DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2020.100666 sha: doc_id: 280093 cord_uid: w71e0ex9 file: cache/cord-282298-8tcw3cll.json key: cord-282298-8tcw3cll authors: Wang, Jie; Xiong, Xingjiang title: Current Situation and Perspectives of Clinical Study in Integrative Medicine in China date: 2012-02-21 journal: Evid Based Complement Alternat Med DOI: 10.1155/2012/268542 sha: doc_id: 282298 cord_uid: 8tcw3cll file: cache/cord-273973-3uxg97tu.json key: cord-273973-3uxg97tu authors: Guenette, Alexis; Husain, Shahid title: Infectious Complications Following Solid Organ Transplantation date: 2019-01-31 journal: Critical Care Clinics DOI: 10.1016/j.ccc.2018.08.004 sha: doc_id: 273973 cord_uid: 3uxg97tu file: cache/cord-287607-d3k26aar.json key: cord-287607-d3k26aar authors: Emamaullee, Juliet; Bowdish, Michael; Yan, Pui Yuk; Rodina, Valentina; Sher, Linda S. title: Rapid Adaptation of a Surgical Research Unit to Conduct Clinical Trials during the Coronavirus-19 Pandemic. date: 2020-06-29 journal: J Surg Res DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.06.049 sha: doc_id: 287607 cord_uid: d3k26aar file: cache/cord-262784-r9gq2oan.json key: cord-262784-r9gq2oan authors: Tian, Suochen; Chang, Zhenqin; 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EDITED BY DR SARR date: 2020-04-27 journal: Surgery DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2020.04.024 sha: doc_id: 327738 cord_uid: i400ynjp file: cache/cord-315598-qwh72inx.json key: cord-315598-qwh72inx authors: Mendoza, Jose Luis Accini; Estrada, Victor Hugo Nieto; López, Nelly Beltrán; Bolaños, Elisabeth Ramos; Franco, Daniel Molano; Castell, Carmelo Dueñas; Moreno, Albert Alexander Valencia; Amaya, Iván Camilo Alarcón; Flórez, John Serna; Valencia, Bladimir Alejandro Gil; Camilo Pizarro, G; Polo, Yulieth María Zabaleta; Meza, Carmen Lucia Chica title: ACTUALIZACION DE LA DECLARACIÓN DE CONSENSO EN MEDICINA CRITICA PARA LA ATENCIÓN MULTIDISCIPLINARIA DEL PACIENTE CON SOSPECHA O CONFIRMACIÓN DIAGNÓSTICA DE COVID-19 date: 2020-10-06 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.acci.2020.09.004 sha: doc_id: 315598 cord_uid: qwh72inx file: cache/cord-336554-n8n5ii5k.json key: cord-336554-n8n5ii5k authors: Singh, Thakur Uttam; Parida, Subhashree; Lingaraju, Madhu Cholenahalli; Kesavan, Manickam; Kumar, Dinesh; Singh, Raj Kumar title: Drug repurposing approach to fight COVID-19 date: 2020-09-05 journal: Pharmacol Rep DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00155-6 sha: doc_id: 336554 cord_uid: n8n5ii5k file: cache/cord-333581-icp0xwhx.json key: cord-333581-icp0xwhx authors: Aziz, Muhammad; Haghbin, Hossein; Lee-Smith, Wade; Goyal, Hemant; Nawras, Ali; Adler, Douglas G. title: Gastrointestinal predictors of severe COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-07-30 journal: Ann Gastroenterol DOI: 10.20524/aog.2020.0527 sha: doc_id: 333581 cord_uid: icp0xwhx file: cache/cord-333285-0s6dnm9i.json key: cord-333285-0s6dnm9i authors: Noonan, Devon; Simmons, Leigh Ann title: Navigating Nonessential Research Trials During COVID19: The Push We Needed For Using Digital Technology To Increase Access For Rural Participants? date: 2020-04-13 journal: J Rural Health DOI: 10.1111/jrh.12446 sha: doc_id: 333285 cord_uid: 0s6dnm9i file: cache/cord-340415-6fte7krp.json key: cord-340415-6fte7krp authors: Thevarajan, Irani; Buising, Kirsty L; Cowie, Benjamin C title: Clinical presentation and management of COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-17 journal: Med J Aust DOI: 10.5694/mja2.50698 sha: doc_id: 340415 cord_uid: 6fte7krp file: cache/cord-333340-ekok0mp5.json key: cord-333340-ekok0mp5 authors: Graf, Erin H.; Pancholi, Preeti title: Appropriate Use and Future Directions of Molecular Diagnostic Testing date: 2020-02-06 journal: Curr Infect Dis Rep DOI: 10.1007/s11908-020-0714-5 sha: doc_id: 333340 cord_uid: ekok0mp5 file: cache/cord-331557-8axi74nn.json key: cord-331557-8axi74nn authors: Raoult, Didier; Fournier, Pierre Edouard; Drancourt, Michel title: What does the future hold for clinical microbiology? date: 2004 journal: Nat Rev Microbiol DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro820 sha: doc_id: 331557 cord_uid: 8axi74nn file: cache/cord-341801-n11ilz6l.json key: cord-341801-n11ilz6l authors: Wintraub, Lauren; Xie, Mary; Issa, Mariam; Jeyakumar, Yaanu; Nelms, Matthew; Sharma, Deepanshu; Teitelbaum, Daniel; Otremba, Mirek; Sirianni, Giovanna; Nyhof-Young, Joyce; Leung, Fok-Han title: Wearable technology and live video conferencing: The development of an affordable virtual teaching platform to enhance clinical skills education during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-23 journal: Can Med Educ J DOI: 10.36834/cmej.70554 sha: doc_id: 341801 cord_uid: n11ilz6l file: cache/cord-345371-pjbviagq.json key: cord-345371-pjbviagq authors: Lisi, Lucia; Lacal, Pedro Miguel; Barbaccia, Maria Luisa; Graziani, Grazia title: Approaching Coronavirus Disease 2019: mechanisms of action of repurposed drugs with potential activity against SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-07-23 journal: Biochem Pharmacol DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114169 sha: doc_id: 345371 cord_uid: pjbviagq file: cache/cord-325559-di8lljoi.json key: cord-325559-di8lljoi authors: Cappello, Francesco; Marino Gammazza, Antonella; Dieli, Francesco; Conway de Macario, Everly; Macario, Alberto JL title: Does SARS-CoV-2 Trigger Stress-Induced Autoimmunity by Molecular Mimicry? A Hypothesis date: 2020-06-29 journal: J Clin Med DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072038 sha: doc_id: 325559 cord_uid: di8lljoi file: cache/cord-340028-6oicmeam.json key: cord-340028-6oicmeam authors: Zhavoronkov, Alex title: Geroprotective and senoremediative strategies to reduce the comorbidity, infection rates, severity, and lethality in gerophilic and gerolavic infections date: 2020-03-31 journal: Aging (Albany NY) DOI: 10.18632/aging.102988 sha: doc_id: 340028 cord_uid: 6oicmeam file: cache/cord-323940-ubazgvov.json key: cord-323940-ubazgvov authors: Cafiero, Concetta; Re, Agnese; Micera, Alessandra; Palmirotta, Raffaele; Monaco, Delio; Romano, Francesca; Fabrizio, Claudia; Di Francia, Raffaele; Cacciamani, Andrea; Surico, Pier Luigi; D’Amato, Gerardo; Pisconti, Salvatore title: Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacogenetics: In Silico Prediction of Drug Effects in Treatments for Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV2 Disease date: 2020-10-13 journal: Pharmgenomics Pers Med DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s270069 sha: doc_id: 323940 cord_uid: ubazgvov file: cache/cord-334773-yw2qgv13.json key: cord-334773-yw2qgv13 authors: Lisco, Giuseppe; De Tullio, Anna; Giagulli, Vito Angelo; Guastamacchia, Edoardo; De Pergola, Giovanni; Triggiani, Vincenzo title: Hypothesized mechanisms explaining poor prognosis in type 2 diabetes patients with COVID-19: a review date: 2020-08-10 journal: Endocrine DOI: 10.1007/s12020-020-02444-9 sha: doc_id: 334773 cord_uid: yw2qgv13 file: cache/cord-344705-co0nk7pt.json key: cord-344705-co0nk7pt authors: Eichler, Hans‐Georg; Cavaleri, Marco; Enzmann, Harald; Scotti, Francesca; Sepodes, Bruno; Sweeney, Fergus; Vamvakas, Spiros; Rasi, Guido title: Clinical trials for Covid‐19: can we better use the short window of opportunity? date: 2020-05-14 journal: Clin Pharmacol Ther DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1891 sha: doc_id: 344705 cord_uid: co0nk7pt file: cache/cord-319933-yp9ofhi8.json key: cord-319933-yp9ofhi8 authors: Ruiz, Sara I.; Zumbrun, Elizabeth E.; Nalca, Aysegul title: Chapter 38 Animal Models of Human Viral Diseases date: 2013-12-31 journal: Animal Models for the Study of Human Disease DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-415894-8.00038-5 sha: doc_id: 319933 cord_uid: yp9ofhi8 file: cache/cord-354216-4khdcjed.json key: cord-354216-4khdcjed authors: Sultan, Shahnaz; Altayar, Osama; Siddique, Shazia M.; Davitkov, Perica; Feuerstein, Joseph D.; Lim, Joseph K.; Falck-Ytter, Yngve; El-Serag, Hashem B. title: AGA Institute Rapid Review of the GI and Liver Manifestations of COVID-19, Meta-Analysis of International Data, and Recommendations for the Consultative Management of Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-05-11 journal: Gastroenterology DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.05.001 sha: doc_id: 354216 cord_uid: 4khdcjed file: cache/cord-353330-j00jj2og.json key: cord-353330-j00jj2og authors: Rej, Robert title: Clinical Chemistry through Clinical Chemistry: A Journal Timeline date: 2004-12-01 journal: Clin Chem DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2004.042820 sha: doc_id: 353330 cord_uid: j00jj2og file: cache/cord-340656-ltd6ueoi.json key: cord-340656-ltd6ueoi authors: Grant, Michael C.; Geoghegan, Luke; Arbyn, Marc; Mohammed, Zakaria; McGuinness, Luke; Clarke, Emily L.; Wade, Ryckie G. title: The prevalence of symptoms in 24,410 adults infected by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis of 148 studies from 9 countries date: 2020-06-23 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234765 sha: doc_id: 340656 cord_uid: ltd6ueoi file: cache/cord-332078-vl309ss7.json key: cord-332078-vl309ss7 authors: Cipollaro, Lucio; Giordano, Lorenzo; Padulo, Johnny; Oliva, Francesco; Maffulli, Nicola title: Musculoskeletal symptoms in SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) patients date: 2020-05-18 journal: J Orthop Surg Res DOI: 10.1186/s13018-020-01702-w sha: doc_id: 332078 cord_uid: vl309ss7 file: cache/cord-331268-kzy33hdb.json key: cord-331268-kzy33hdb authors: Lynch, Sharon G.; Rose, John W. title: Multiple sclerosis date: 1996-01-31 journal: Disease-a-Month DOI: 10.1016/s0011-5029(96)90012-7 sha: doc_id: 331268 cord_uid: kzy33hdb file: cache/cord-343715-y594iewi.json key: cord-343715-y594iewi authors: Gavriatopoulou, Maria; Korompoki, Eleni; Fotiou, Despina; Ntanasis-Stathopoulos, Ioannis; Psaltopoulou, Theodora; Kastritis, Efstathios; Terpos, Evangelos; Dimopoulos, Meletios A. title: Organ-specific manifestations of COVID-19 infection date: 2020-07-27 journal: Clin Exp Med DOI: 10.1007/s10238-020-00648-x sha: doc_id: 343715 cord_uid: y594iewi file: cache/cord-347189-i9rzo3j0.json key: cord-347189-i9rzo3j0 authors: Lorusso, Domenica; Ray-Coquard, Isabelle; Oaknin, Ana; Banerjee, Susana title: Clinical research disruption in the post-COVID-19 era: will the pandemic lead to change? date: 2020-10-13 journal: ESMO Open DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2020-000924 sha: doc_id: 347189 cord_uid: i9rzo3j0 file: cache/cord-349210-8t4a5qqo.json key: cord-349210-8t4a5qqo authors: Ji, Ping; Chen, Jianmeng; Golding, Amit; Nikolov, Nikolay P.; Saluja, Bhawana; Ren, Yunzhao R.; Sahajwalla, Chandrahas title: Immunomodulatory Therapeutic Proteins in COVID‐19: Current Clinical Development and Clinical Pharmacology Considerations date: 2020-08-10 journal: J Clin Pharmacol DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1729 sha: doc_id: 349210 cord_uid: 8t4a5qqo file: cache/cord-348244-1py0k53e.json key: cord-348244-1py0k53e authors: Buyse, Marc; Trotta, Laura; Saad, Everardo D.; Sakamoto, Junichi title: Central statistical monitoring of investigator-led clinical trials in oncology date: 2020-06-23 journal: Int J Clin Oncol DOI: 10.1007/s10147-020-01726-6 sha: doc_id: 348244 cord_uid: 1py0k53e file: cache/cord-352177-05sku8a8.json key: cord-352177-05sku8a8 authors: Pahus, Laurie; Suehs, Carey Meredith; Halimi, Laurence; Bourdin, Arnaud; Chanez, Pascal; Jaffuel, Dany; Marciano, Julie; Gamez, Anne-Sophie; Vachier, Isabelle; Molinari, Nicolas title: Patient distrust in pharmaceutical companies: an explanation for women under-representation in respiratory clinical trials? date: 2020-08-13 journal: BMC Med Ethics DOI: 10.1186/s12910-020-00509-y sha: doc_id: 352177 cord_uid: 05sku8a8 file: cache/cord-334433-oudvxb4d.json key: cord-334433-oudvxb4d authors: Beane, Joal D.; Dedhia, Priya H.; Ejaz, Aslam; Contreras, Carlo M.; Cloyd, Jordan M.; Tsung, Allan; Pawlik, Timothy M. title: Conducting Clinical Trials in the Time of a Pandemic date: 2020-06-08 journal: Ann Surg DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000004114 sha: doc_id: 334433 cord_uid: oudvxb4d file: cache/cord-350793-bftztg0e.json key: cord-350793-bftztg0e authors: Nizami, Shermeen; Green, James R.; McGregor, Carolyn title: Implementation of Artifact Detection in Critical Care: A Methodological Review date: 2018-04-30 journal: IEEE reviews in biomedical engineering DOI: 10.1109/rbme.2013.2243724 sha: doc_id: 350793 cord_uid: bftztg0e file: cache/cord-336563-hwemigk7.json key: cord-336563-hwemigk7 authors: Bhimraj, Adarsh; Morgan, Rebecca L; Shumaker, Amy Hirsch; Lavergne, Valery; Baden, Lindsey; Cheng, Vincent Chi-Chung; Edwards, Kathryn M; Gandhi, Rajesh; Muller, William J; O’Horo, John C; Shoham, Shmuel; Murad, M Hassan; Mustafa, Reem A; Sultan, Shahnaz; Falck-Ytter, Yngve title: Infectious Diseases Society of America Guidelines on the Treatment and Management of Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-04-27 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa478 sha: doc_id: 336563 cord_uid: hwemigk7 file: cache/cord-353528-8a3f5hxu.json key: cord-353528-8a3f5hxu authors: Levy, Oren; Kuai, Rui; Siren, Erika M. J.; Bhere, Deepak; Milton, Yuka; Nissar, Nabeel; De Biasio, Michael; Heinelt, Martina; Reeve, Brock; Abdi, Reza; Alturki, Meshael; Fallatah, Mohanad; Almalik, Abdulaziz; Alhasan, Ali H.; Shah, Khalid; Karp, Jeffrey M. title: Shattering barriers toward clinically meaningful MSC therapies date: 2020-07-22 journal: Sci Adv DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba6884 sha: doc_id: 353528 cord_uid: 8a3f5hxu file: cache/cord-348137-dzmbfp2g.json key: cord-348137-dzmbfp2g authors: Bi, Qifang; Hong, Chengcheng; Meng, Juan; Wu, Zhenke; Zhou, Pengzheng; Ye, Chenfei; Sun, Binbin; Kucirka, Lauren M; Azman, Andrew S; Wang, Tong; Chen, Jiancong; Wang, Zhaoqin; Liu, Lei; Lessler, Justin; Edwards, Jessie K; Ma, Ting; Zhang, Guoliang title: Characterization of clinical progression of COVID-19 patients in Shenzhen, China date: 2020-04-27 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.22.20076190 sha: doc_id: 348137 cord_uid: dzmbfp2g file: cache/cord-342756-rgm9ffpk.json key: cord-342756-rgm9ffpk authors: Senger, Mario Roberto; Evangelista, Tereza Cristina Santos; Dantas, Rafael Ferreira; Santana, Marcos Vinicius da Silva; Gonçalves, Luiz Carlos Saramago; de Souza Neto, Lauro Ribeiro; Ferreira, Sabrina Baptista; Silva-Junior, Floriano Paes title: COVID-19: molecular targets, drug repurposing and new avenues for drug discovery date: 2020-10-02 journal: Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760200254 sha: doc_id: 342756 cord_uid: rgm9ffpk file: cache/cord-346539-kxnrf5g5.json key: cord-346539-kxnrf5g5 authors: Riggioni, Carmen; Comberiati, Pasquale; Giovannini, Mattia; Agache, Ioana; Akdis, Mübeccel; Alves‐Correia, Magna; Antó, Josep M.; Arcolaci, Alessandra; Kursat Azkur, Ahmet; Azkur, Dilek; Beken, Burcin; Boccabella, Cristina; Bousquet, Jean; Breiteneder, Heimo; Carvalho, Daniela; De las Vecillas, Leticia; Diamant, Zuzana; Eguiluz‐Gracia, Ibon; Eiwegger, Thomas; Eyerich, Stefanie; Fokkens, Wytske; Gao, Ya‐dong; Hannachi, Farah; Johnston, Sebastian L.; Jutel, Marek; Karavelia, Aspasia; Klimek, Ludger; Moya, Beatriz; Nadeau, Kari; O'Hehir, Robyn; O'Mahony, Liam; Pfaar, Oliver; Sanak, Marek; Schwarze, Jürgen; Sokolowska, Milena; Torres, María J.; van de Veen, Willem; van Zelm, Menno C.; Wang, De Yun; Zhang, Luo; Jiménez‐Saiz, Rodrigo; Akdis, Cezmi A. title: A compendium answering 150 questions on COVID‐19 and SARS‐CoV‐2 date: 2020-06-14 journal: Allergy DOI: 10.1111/all.14449 sha: doc_id: 346539 cord_uid: kxnrf5g5 file: cache/cord-353887-f4yd7guj.json key: cord-353887-f4yd7guj authors: Tang, Yujun; Liu, Jiajia; Zhang, Dingyi; Xu, Zhenghao; Ji, Jinjun; Wen, Chengping title: Cytokine Storm in COVID-19: The Current Evidence and Treatment Strategies date: 2020-07-10 journal: Front Immunol DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01708 sha: doc_id: 353887 cord_uid: f4yd7guj file: cache/cord-026031-hnf5vayd.json key: cord-026031-hnf5vayd authors: Ford, Richard B.; Mazzaferro, Elisa M. title: Emergency Care date: 2009-05-21 journal: Kirk and Bistner's Handbook of Veterinary Procedures and Emergency Treatment DOI: 10.1016/b0-72-160138-3/50002-3 sha: doc_id: 26031 cord_uid: hnf5vayd file: cache/cord-350571-6tapkjb6.json key: cord-350571-6tapkjb6 authors: nan title: 45th ESCP-NSF international symposium on clinical pharmacy: clinical pharmacy tackling inequalities and access to health care. Oslo, Norway, 5–7 October 2016 date: 2017-01-10 journal: Int J Clin Pharm DOI: 10.1007/s11096-016-0404-4 sha: doc_id: 350571 cord_uid: 6tapkjb6 Reading metadata file and updating bibliogrpahics === updating bibliographic database Building study carrel named keyword-clinical-cord === file2bib.sh === id: cord-014337-nnuvrb6o author: Byrne, S. title: Scientific rigour date: 2020-11-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-014337-nnuvrb6o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-014337-nnuvrb6o.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-014337-nnuvrb6o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-003878-nmyyt51x author: de Campos, Fernando Peixoto Ferraz title: What does the future hold? date: 2012-03-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-003878-nmyyt51x.txt cache: ./cache/cord-003878-nmyyt51x.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 1 resourceName b'cord-003878-nmyyt51x.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-021494-9glqvzfx author: Funkhouser, William K. title: Pathology: The Clinical Description of Human Disease date: 2012-07-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-021494-9glqvzfx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-021494-9glqvzfx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-021494-9glqvzfx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255139-hswef5ky author: Khan, Safdar A. title: Differential Diagnosis of Common Acute Toxicologic Versus Nontoxicologic Illness date: 2018-11-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255139-hswef5ky.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255139-hswef5ky.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-255139-hswef5ky.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258029-gyvg7ffa author: Moolasart, Visal title: Favipiravir-based regimen for coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia for a 47-day-old male newborn date: 2020-10-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258029-gyvg7ffa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258029-gyvg7ffa.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-258029-gyvg7ffa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274283-ukhgs6z1 author: Goel, Sunny title: Clinical Characteristics and In-Hospital Mortality for COVID-19 Across The Globe date: 2020-07-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274283-ukhgs6z1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274283-ukhgs6z1.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-274283-ukhgs6z1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262843-i0cy7467 author: Suzumoto, Masaki title: A scoring system for management of acute pharyngo-tonsillitis in adults date: 2008-09-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262843-i0cy7467.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262843-i0cy7467.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-262843-i0cy7467.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-031188-btrc3k4c author: Shrestha, Sunil title: Clinical Pharmacy Education and Practice in Nepal: A Glimpse into Present Challenges and Potential Solutions date: 2020-08-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-031188-btrc3k4c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-031188-btrc3k4c.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-031188-btrc3k4c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-277528-t0tglg0a author: Tay, Yi Xiang title: Clinical placements for undergraduate diagnostic radiography students amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore: Preparation, challenges and strategies for safe resumption date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-277528-t0tglg0a.txt cache: ./cache/cord-277528-t0tglg0a.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-277528-t0tglg0a.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-263936-8yud5o6c author: Wang, Gary X. title: Opportunities for Radiology Trainee Education Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons from an Academic Breast Imaging Program date: 2020-10-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-263936-8yud5o6c.txt cache: ./cache/cord-263936-8yud5o6c.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-263936-8yud5o6c.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-260993-udajtsmm author: Youssef, Mohanad title: COVID‐19 and Liver Dysfunction: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of retrospective studies date: 2020-05-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-260993-udajtsmm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-260993-udajtsmm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-260993-udajtsmm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266730-mio282vy author: Li, Long‐quan title: COVID‐19 patients' clinical characteristics, discharge rate, and fatality rate of meta‐analysis date: 2020-03-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266730-mio282vy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266730-mio282vy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-266730-mio282vy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282261-wcmc5mh6 author: Rhodus, Elizabeth K. title: COVID-19 and geriatric clinical trials research date: 2020-09-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282261-wcmc5mh6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282261-wcmc5mh6.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-282261-wcmc5mh6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258049-l55mx4lp author: Mansbach, Jonathan M. title: Hospital course and discharge criteria for children hospitalized with bronchiolitis date: 2015-01-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258049-l55mx4lp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258049-l55mx4lp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-258049-l55mx4lp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-266469-n484zqq1 author: King, Michael J. title: Lung base CT findings in COVID-19 adult patients presenting with acute abdominal complaints: case series from a major New York City health system date: 2020-07-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-266469-n484zqq1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-266469-n484zqq1.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-266469-n484zqq1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-311806-3zy5kgo5 author: Leoni, Chiara title: The dark side of COVID‐19: The need of integrated medicine for children with special care needs date: 2020-06-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-311806-3zy5kgo5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-311806-3zy5kgo5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-311806-3zy5kgo5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276255-0ofsa40u author: Cheong, Mark Wing Loong title: ‘To be or not to be in the ward’: The Impact of Covid‐19 on the Role of Hospital‐Based Clinical Pharmacists ‐ A Qualitative Study date: 2020-08-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276255-0ofsa40u.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276255-0ofsa40u.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-276255-0ofsa40u.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-011282-hgzneooy author: David, Yadin title: Evidence-based impact by clinical engineers on global patients outcomes date: 2019-07-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-011282-hgzneooy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-011282-hgzneooy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-011282-hgzneooy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255746-ir73lpi8 author: Sirimaturos, Michael title: Clinical Outcomes Following Tocilizumab Administration in Mechanically Ventilated Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients date: 2020-10-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255746-ir73lpi8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255746-ir73lpi8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-255746-ir73lpi8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279559-mob8dbcr author: Coleman, Carl H. title: Equitably Sharing the Benefits and Burdens of Research: Covid‐19 Raises the Stakes date: 2020-05-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279559-mob8dbcr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279559-mob8dbcr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-279559-mob8dbcr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280093-w71e0ex9 author: Jung, So-Young title: Monitoring in clinical trials of complementary and alternative medicine date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280093-w71e0ex9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280093-w71e0ex9.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-280093-w71e0ex9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-267608-0odu8lus author: Chen, Daohong title: Innovative highlights of clinical drug trial design date: 2020-06-03 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-267608-0odu8lus.txt cache: ./cache/cord-267608-0odu8lus.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-267608-0odu8lus.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282131-wap7lo05 author: Chen, Haixia title: Clinical and imaging features of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282131-wap7lo05.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282131-wap7lo05.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-282131-wap7lo05.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-258281-gxwk8jq9 author: Wenling, Yao title: Pregnancy and COVID-19: management and challenges date: 2020-08-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-258281-gxwk8jq9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-258281-gxwk8jq9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-258281-gxwk8jq9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-309080-1r8t8yxv author: Tay, Yi Xiang title: The needs and concerns of clinical educators in radiography education in the face of COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-309080-1r8t8yxv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-309080-1r8t8yxv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-309080-1r8t8yxv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-287607-d3k26aar author: Emamaullee, Juliet title: Rapid Adaptation of a Surgical Research Unit to Conduct Clinical Trials during the Coronavirus-19 Pandemic. date: 2020-06-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-287607-d3k26aar.txt cache: ./cache/cord-287607-d3k26aar.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-287607-d3k26aar.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-289520-i6pv90s9 author: Harris, Carlyn title: An evidence-based framework for priority clinical research questions for COVID-19 date: 2020-03-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-289520-i6pv90s9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-289520-i6pv90s9.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-289520-i6pv90s9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-262784-r9gq2oan author: Tian, Suochen title: Clinical Characteristics and Reasons for Differences in Duration From Symptom Onset to Release From Quarantine Among Patients With COVID-19 in Liaocheng, China date: 2020-05-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-262784-r9gq2oan.txt cache: ./cache/cord-262784-r9gq2oan.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-262784-r9gq2oan.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308421-22rcptor author: Perez-Gracia, Jose Luis title: ESMO Clinical Research Observatory (ECRO): improving the efficiency of clinical research through rationalisation of bureaucracy date: 2020-05-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308421-22rcptor.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308421-22rcptor.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-308421-22rcptor.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-300325-f3eomugb author: Ferguson, Nadia C. title: Clinical Pharmacists: An Invaluable Part of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Frontline Response date: 2020-10-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-300325-f3eomugb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-300325-f3eomugb.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-300325-f3eomugb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282202-q2q4vies author: Banerjee, Amitava title: Clinical academic research in the time of Corona: A simulation study in England and a call for action date: 2020-08-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282202-q2q4vies.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282202-q2q4vies.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-282202-q2q4vies.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-003316-r5te5xob author: Balloux, Francois title: From Theory to Practice: Translating Whole-Genome Sequencing (WGS) into the Clinic date: 2018-12-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-003316-r5te5xob.txt cache: ./cache/cord-003316-r5te5xob.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-003316-r5te5xob.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-280431-tuzdng4h author: Alinier, Guillaume title: 5 Basing a Nonclinician's Career upon Simulation The Personal Experience of a Physicist date: 2008-12-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-280431-tuzdng4h.txt cache: ./cache/cord-280431-tuzdng4h.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-280431-tuzdng4h.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310150-j1mvr9r9 author: Wei, Wei title: Identification of common and severe COVID-19: the value of CT texture analysis and correlation with clinical characteristics date: 2020-07-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310150-j1mvr9r9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310150-j1mvr9r9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-310150-j1mvr9r9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310027-846vp7ii author: Ma, Lin-Lu title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 Related Clinical Studies: A Cross-Sectional Analysis date: 2020-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310027-846vp7ii.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310027-846vp7ii.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-310027-846vp7ii.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324388-onc441uw author: Siddiqui, Urooj title: Same-Day Consent for Regional Anesthesia Clinical Research Trials: It’s About Time date: 2020-08-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324388-onc441uw.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324388-onc441uw.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-324388-onc441uw.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-272727-a5ngjuyz author: Bertsimas, D. title: From predictions to prescriptions: A data-drivenresponse to COVID-19 date: 2020-06-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-272727-a5ngjuyz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-272727-a5ngjuyz.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-272727-a5ngjuyz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-299082-s8bm40vy author: Wang, Yueying title: Cardiac arrhythmias in patients with COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-26 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-299082-s8bm40vy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-299082-s8bm40vy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-299082-s8bm40vy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-029547-9ei1ram3 author: Li, Jingwei title: The epidemiology and therapeutic options for the COVID-19 date: 2020-05-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-029547-9ei1ram3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-029547-9ei1ram3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-029547-9ei1ram3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-273973-3uxg97tu author: Guenette, Alexis title: Infectious Complications Following Solid Organ Transplantation date: 2019-01-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-273973-3uxg97tu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-273973-3uxg97tu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-273973-3uxg97tu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276495-q22jnkn2 author: Belizário, José Ernesto title: Trained innate immunity, COVID-19 therapeutic dilemma, and fake science date: 2020-07-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276495-q22jnkn2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276495-q22jnkn2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-276495-q22jnkn2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-276740-4wwo9tho author: Overholser, James C. title: Roll Out the Red Carpet: The 3rd Annual Awards for the Most Valuable Contributions to Psychotherapy date: 2020-05-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-276740-4wwo9tho.txt cache: ./cache/cord-276740-4wwo9tho.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-276740-4wwo9tho.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-281391-0qkku2jd author: Miller-Handley, Hilary title: Treatment Options for COVID-19 in Patients with Reduced or Absent Kidney Function date: 2020-09-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-281391-0qkku2jd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-281391-0qkku2jd.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-281391-0qkku2jd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316432-xemz7zn9 author: Talaie, Haleh title: Is there any potential management against COVID-19? A systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-08-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316432-xemz7zn9.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316432-xemz7zn9.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-316432-xemz7zn9.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319805-b6ypt5d0 author: Siepmann, Timo title: Association of history of cerebrovascular disease with severity of COVID-19 date: 2020-08-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319805-b6ypt5d0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319805-b6ypt5d0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-319805-b6ypt5d0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316029-z708c3ex author: Brunsdon, Priya title: Clinical Pharmacology Considerations for Developing Small‐Molecule Treatments for COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-12 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316029-z708c3ex.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316029-z708c3ex.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-316029-z708c3ex.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-296692-t5p09le8 author: Elgin, T.G. title: The changing landscape of SARS-CoV-2: Implications for the maternal-infant dyad date: 2020-09-07 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-296692-t5p09le8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-296692-t5p09le8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-296692-t5p09le8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-022203-t2f0vr1w author: Dowers, Kristy L title: The pyrexic cat date: 2009-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-022203-t2f0vr1w.txt cache: ./cache/cord-022203-t2f0vr1w.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-022203-t2f0vr1w.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-253295-82ydczid author: Funkhouser, William K. title: Pathology: the clinical description of human disease date: 2020-07-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-253295-82ydczid.txt cache: ./cache/cord-253295-82ydczid.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-253295-82ydczid.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-018335-4l7scdqk author: Kiechle, Frederick L. title: Utilization Management in a Large Community Hospital date: 2016-12-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-018335-4l7scdqk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-018335-4l7scdqk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-018335-4l7scdqk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-310205-j57x9ke6 author: Alcaide, Maria L. title: Pharyngitis and Epiglottitis date: 2007-06-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-310205-j57x9ke6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-310205-j57x9ke6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-310205-j57x9ke6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-306351-ka6asw3m author: Alsuliman, Tamim title: A review of potential treatments to date in COVID-19 patients according to the stage of the disease date: 2020-05-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-306351-ka6asw3m.txt cache: ./cache/cord-306351-ka6asw3m.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-306351-ka6asw3m.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-308284-r546ypur author: Simpson, Shmona title: Navigating facilitated regulatory pathways during a disease X pandemic date: 2020-10-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-308284-r546ypur.txt cache: ./cache/cord-308284-r546ypur.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-308284-r546ypur.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-007331-wccmeaep author: Orcutt, Connie J. title: Emergency and Critical Care of Ferrets date: 2017-04-20 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-007331-wccmeaep.txt cache: ./cache/cord-007331-wccmeaep.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-007331-wccmeaep.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-298899-lkrmg5qr author: Xie, Yewei title: Epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory findings of the COVID-19 in the current pandemic: systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-08-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-298899-lkrmg5qr.txt cache: ./cache/cord-298899-lkrmg5qr.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-298899-lkrmg5qr.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283202-5fq1wxz8 author: Kent, Marc title: The cat with neurological manifestations of systemic disease. Key conditions impacting on the CNS date: 2009-05-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283202-5fq1wxz8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283202-5fq1wxz8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-283202-5fq1wxz8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333285-0s6dnm9i author: Noonan, Devon title: Navigating Nonessential Research Trials During COVID19: The Push We Needed For Using Digital Technology To Increase Access For Rural Participants? date: 2020-04-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333285-0s6dnm9i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333285-0s6dnm9i.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-333285-0s6dnm9i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274481-k1dp1ilv author: Falavigna, Maicon title: Guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of COVID-19. The task-force/consensus guideline of the Brazilian Association of Intensive Care Medicine, the Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases and the Brazilian Society of Pulmonology and Tisiology date: 2020 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274481-k1dp1ilv.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274481-k1dp1ilv.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-274481-k1dp1ilv.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-022034-o27mh4wz author: OLANO, JUAN P. title: Distinguishing Tropical Infectious Diseases from Bioterrorism date: 2009-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-022034-o27mh4wz.txt cache: ./cache/cord-022034-o27mh4wz.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-022034-o27mh4wz.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-282298-8tcw3cll author: Wang, Jie title: Current Situation and Perspectives of Clinical Study in Integrative Medicine in China date: 2012-02-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-282298-8tcw3cll.txt cache: ./cache/cord-282298-8tcw3cll.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-282298-8tcw3cll.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-312677-rwznqiib author: Razmi, Mahdieh title: Immunomodulatory-Based Therapy as a Potential Promising Treatment Strategy against Severe COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review date: 2020-08-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-312677-rwznqiib.txt cache: ./cache/cord-312677-rwznqiib.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-312677-rwznqiib.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-327738-i400ynjp author: Milner, Ross title: Is it Ethically Appropriate to Continue Surgical Clinical Trials During the COVID-19 Pandemic? EDITED BY DR SARR date: 2020-04-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-327738-i400ynjp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-327738-i400ynjp.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-327738-i400ynjp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-255140-3dwqqgv1 author: Christian, Michael D. title: Biowarfare and Bioterrorism date: 2013-07-04 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-255140-3dwqqgv1.txt cache: ./cache/cord-255140-3dwqqgv1.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-255140-3dwqqgv1.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-326331-g4o3forj author: Rai, Ansaar T title: Neuroendovascular clinical trials disruptions due to COVID-19 potential future challenges and opportunities date: 2020-06-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-326331-g4o3forj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-326331-g4o3forj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-326331-g4o3forj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-324607-rpwccvqi author: Rojek, Amanda M title: Core Minimal Datasets to Advance Clinical Research for Priority Epidemic Diseases date: 2020-02-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-324607-rpwccvqi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-324607-rpwccvqi.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-324607-rpwccvqi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-341801-n11ilz6l author: Wintraub, Lauren title: Wearable technology and live video conferencing: The development of an affordable virtual teaching platform to enhance clinical skills education during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-341801-n11ilz6l.txt cache: ./cache/cord-341801-n11ilz6l.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-341801-n11ilz6l.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316886-qzka2dqm author: Machin, L. L. title: Making the (Business) Case for Clinical Ethics Support in the UK date: 2020-07-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316886-qzka2dqm.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316886-qzka2dqm.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-316886-qzka2dqm.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-332078-vl309ss7 author: Cipollaro, Lucio title: Musculoskeletal symptoms in SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) patients date: 2020-05-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-332078-vl309ss7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-332078-vl309ss7.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-332078-vl309ss7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-029332-yn603pvb author: nan title: Full Issue PDF date: 2020-07-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-029332-yn603pvb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-029332-yn603pvb.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-029332-yn603pvb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-304479-uxp1kg86 author: Goodarzi, Pedram title: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Immunological approaches and emerging pharmacologic treatments date: 2020-08-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-304479-uxp1kg86.txt cache: ./cache/cord-304479-uxp1kg86.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-304479-uxp1kg86.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-001687-paax8pqh author: Henkel, Jan title: Bone Regeneration Based on Tissue Engineering Conceptions — A 21st Century Perspective date: 2013-09-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-001687-paax8pqh.txt cache: ./cache/cord-001687-paax8pqh.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-001687-paax8pqh.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283779-mudwcypl author: Lauretani, Fulvio title: Assessment and treatment of older individuals with COVID-19 multi-system disease: clinical and ethical implications date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283779-mudwcypl.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283779-mudwcypl.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-283779-mudwcypl.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333581-icp0xwhx author: Aziz, Muhammad title: Gastrointestinal predictors of severe COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-07-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333581-icp0xwhx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333581-icp0xwhx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-333581-icp0xwhx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-344705-co0nk7pt author: Eichler, Hans‐Georg title: Clinical trials for Covid‐19: can we better use the short window of opportunity? date: 2020-05-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-344705-co0nk7pt.txt cache: ./cache/cord-344705-co0nk7pt.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-344705-co0nk7pt.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340415-6fte7krp author: Thevarajan, Irani title: Clinical presentation and management of COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340415-6fte7krp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340415-6fte7krp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-340415-6fte7krp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334433-oudvxb4d author: Beane, Joal D. title: Conducting Clinical Trials in the Time of a Pandemic date: 2020-06-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334433-oudvxb4d.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334433-oudvxb4d.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-334433-oudvxb4d.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-026009-rdhuc2n2 author: Anderson, Nancy L. title: Pet Rodents date: 2009-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-026009-rdhuc2n2.txt cache: ./cache/cord-026009-rdhuc2n2.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-026009-rdhuc2n2.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-333340-ekok0mp5 author: Graf, Erin H. title: Appropriate Use and Future Directions of Molecular Diagnostic Testing date: 2020-02-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-333340-ekok0mp5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-333340-ekok0mp5.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-333340-ekok0mp5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340656-ltd6ueoi author: Grant, Michael C. title: The prevalence of symptoms in 24,410 adults infected by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis of 148 studies from 9 countries date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340656-ltd6ueoi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340656-ltd6ueoi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-340656-ltd6ueoi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-002626-jzwwses4 author: Kaul, Karen L. title: The Case for Laboratory Developed Procedures: Quality and Positive Impact on Patient Care date: 2017-07-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-002626-jzwwses4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-002626-jzwwses4.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-002626-jzwwses4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-352177-05sku8a8 author: Pahus, Laurie title: Patient distrust in pharmaceutical companies: an explanation for women under-representation in respiratory clinical trials? date: 2020-08-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-352177-05sku8a8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-352177-05sku8a8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-352177-05sku8a8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315730-fzgxuak7 author: Penman, Sophie L. title: Safety perspectives on presently considered drugs for the treatment of COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315730-fzgxuak7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315730-fzgxuak7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-315730-fzgxuak7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348244-1py0k53e author: Buyse, Marc title: Central statistical monitoring of investigator-led clinical trials in oncology date: 2020-06-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348244-1py0k53e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348244-1py0k53e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-348244-1py0k53e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-354216-4khdcjed author: Sultan, Shahnaz title: AGA Institute Rapid Review of the GI and Liver Manifestations of COVID-19, Meta-Analysis of International Data, and Recommendations for the Consultative Management of Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-354216-4khdcjed.txt cache: ./cache/cord-354216-4khdcjed.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-354216-4khdcjed.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-347189-i9rzo3j0 author: Lorusso, Domenica title: Clinical research disruption in the post-COVID-19 era: will the pandemic lead to change? date: 2020-10-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-347189-i9rzo3j0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-347189-i9rzo3j0.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-347189-i9rzo3j0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-325559-di8lljoi author: Cappello, Francesco title: Does SARS-CoV-2 Trigger Stress-Induced Autoimmunity by Molecular Mimicry? A Hypothesis date: 2020-06-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-325559-di8lljoi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-325559-di8lljoi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-325559-di8lljoi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-007321-7gi6xrci author: Chow, Anthony W. title: Evaluation of New Anti-Infective Drugs for the Treatment of Respiratory Tract Infections date: 1992-11-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-007321-7gi6xrci.txt cache: ./cache/cord-007321-7gi6xrci.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-007321-7gi6xrci.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-348137-dzmbfp2g author: Bi, Qifang title: Characterization of clinical progression of COVID-19 patients in Shenzhen, China date: 2020-04-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-348137-dzmbfp2g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-348137-dzmbfp2g.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-348137-dzmbfp2g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-323940-ubazgvov author: Cafiero, Concetta title: Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacogenetics: In Silico Prediction of Drug Effects in Treatments for Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV2 Disease date: 2020-10-13 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-323940-ubazgvov.txt cache: ./cache/cord-323940-ubazgvov.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-323940-ubazgvov.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-317952-4oa9hfb4 author: Bourgonje, Arno R. title: Angiotensin‐converting enzyme‐2 (ACE2), SARS‐CoV‐2 and pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) date: 2020-05-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-317952-4oa9hfb4.txt cache: ./cache/cord-317952-4oa9hfb4.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-317952-4oa9hfb4.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331557-8axi74nn author: Raoult, Didier title: What does the future hold for clinical microbiology? date: 2004 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331557-8axi74nn.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331557-8axi74nn.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-331557-8axi74nn.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353330-j00jj2og author: Rej, Robert title: Clinical Chemistry through Clinical Chemistry: A Journal Timeline date: 2004-12-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353330-j00jj2og.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353330-j00jj2og.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-353330-j00jj2og.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-340028-6oicmeam author: Zhavoronkov, Alex title: Geroprotective and senoremediative strategies to reduce the comorbidity, infection rates, severity, and lethality in gerophilic and gerolavic infections date: 2020-03-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-340028-6oicmeam.txt cache: ./cache/cord-340028-6oicmeam.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-340028-6oicmeam.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-334773-yw2qgv13 author: Lisco, Giuseppe title: Hypothesized mechanisms explaining poor prognosis in type 2 diabetes patients with COVID-19: a review date: 2020-08-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-334773-yw2qgv13.txt cache: ./cache/cord-334773-yw2qgv13.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-334773-yw2qgv13.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-316647-jj8anf5g author: Shang, You title: Management of critically ill patients with COVID-19 in ICU: statement from front-line intensive care experts in Wuhan, China date: 2020-06-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-316647-jj8anf5g.txt cache: ./cache/cord-316647-jj8anf5g.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-316647-jj8anf5g.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350793-bftztg0e author: Nizami, Shermeen title: Implementation of Artifact Detection in Critical Care: A Methodological Review date: 2018-04-30 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350793-bftztg0e.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350793-bftztg0e.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-350793-bftztg0e.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-318209-llucxztc author: Öztürk, Selçuk title: Therapeutic Applications of Stem Cells and Extracellular Vesicles in Emergency Care: Futuristic Perspectives date: 2020-08-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-318209-llucxztc.txt cache: ./cache/cord-318209-llucxztc.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-318209-llucxztc.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-343715-y594iewi author: Gavriatopoulou, Maria title: Organ-specific manifestations of COVID-19 infection date: 2020-07-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-343715-y594iewi.txt cache: ./cache/cord-343715-y594iewi.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-343715-y594iewi.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-349210-8t4a5qqo author: Ji, Ping title: Immunomodulatory Therapeutic Proteins in COVID‐19: Current Clinical Development and Clinical Pharmacology Considerations date: 2020-08-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-349210-8t4a5qqo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-349210-8t4a5qqo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-349210-8t4a5qqo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-345371-pjbviagq author: Lisi, Lucia title: Approaching Coronavirus Disease 2019: mechanisms of action of repurposed drugs with potential activity against SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-07-23 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-345371-pjbviagq.txt cache: ./cache/cord-345371-pjbviagq.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-345371-pjbviagq.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336563-hwemigk7 author: Bhimraj, Adarsh title: Infectious Diseases Society of America Guidelines on the Treatment and Management of Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-04-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336563-hwemigk7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336563-hwemigk7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-336563-hwemigk7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353887-f4yd7guj author: Tang, Yujun title: Cytokine Storm in COVID-19: The Current Evidence and Treatment Strategies date: 2020-07-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353887-f4yd7guj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353887-f4yd7guj.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-353887-f4yd7guj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-022520-ebj51v9o author: Marini, Robert P. title: Biology and Diseases of Ferrets date: 2007-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-022520-ebj51v9o.txt cache: ./cache/cord-022520-ebj51v9o.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 2 resourceName b'cord-022520-ebj51v9o.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-022467-j2trahab author: Loo, May title: Select Populations: Children date: 2009-05-15 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-022467-j2trahab.txt cache: ./cache/cord-022467-j2trahab.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-022467-j2trahab.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-274802-7ioiwsd8 author: Varghese, Praveen Mathews title: Host-pathogen interaction in COVID-19: Pathogenesis, potential therapeutics and vaccination strategies date: 2020-08-19 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-274802-7ioiwsd8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-274802-7ioiwsd8.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-274802-7ioiwsd8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-023165-f6o6owg3 author: NAVARRE, CHRISTINE B. title: Diseases of the Gastrointestinal System date: 2009-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-023165-f6o6owg3.txt cache: ./cache/cord-023165-f6o6owg3.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-023165-f6o6owg3.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-336554-n8n5ii5k author: Singh, Thakur Uttam title: Drug repurposing approach to fight COVID-19 date: 2020-09-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-336554-n8n5ii5k.txt cache: ./cache/cord-336554-n8n5ii5k.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-336554-n8n5ii5k.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-331268-kzy33hdb author: Lynch, Sharon G. title: Multiple sclerosis date: 1996-01-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-331268-kzy33hdb.txt cache: ./cache/cord-331268-kzy33hdb.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-331268-kzy33hdb.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-353528-8a3f5hxu author: Levy, Oren title: Shattering barriers toward clinically meaningful MSC therapies date: 2020-07-22 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-353528-8a3f5hxu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-353528-8a3f5hxu.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-353528-8a3f5hxu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-346539-kxnrf5g5 author: Riggioni, Carmen title: A compendium answering 150 questions on COVID‐19 and SARS‐CoV‐2 date: 2020-06-14 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-346539-kxnrf5g5.txt cache: ./cache/cord-346539-kxnrf5g5.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-346539-kxnrf5g5.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-342756-rgm9ffpk author: Senger, Mario Roberto title: COVID-19: molecular targets, drug repurposing and new avenues for drug discovery date: 2020-10-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-342756-rgm9ffpk.txt cache: ./cache/cord-342756-rgm9ffpk.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-342756-rgm9ffpk.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-279255-v861kk0i author: Dhama, Kuldeep title: Coronavirus Disease 2019–COVID-19 date: 2020-06-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-279255-v861kk0i.txt cache: ./cache/cord-279255-v861kk0i.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-279255-v861kk0i.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-293151-g3758oes author: Nemzek, Jean A. title: Biology and Diseases of Dogs date: 2015-07-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-293151-g3758oes.txt cache: ./cache/cord-293151-g3758oes.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-293151-g3758oes.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-023367-ujflw19b author: Newcomer, Benjamin W. title: Diseases of the hematologic, immunologic, and lymphatic systems (multisystem diseases) [Image: see text] date: 2020-04-17 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-023367-ujflw19b.txt cache: ./cache/cord-023367-ujflw19b.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-023367-ujflw19b.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-283545-vu8lt3w6 author: Brabb, Thea title: Infectious Diseases date: 2011-12-16 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-283545-vu8lt3w6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-283545-vu8lt3w6.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-283545-vu8lt3w6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-034340-3ksfpaf7 author: nan title: Proceedings of the 26th European Paediatric Rheumatology Congress: part 2: Virtual. 23 - 26 September 2020 date: 2020-10-28 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-034340-3ksfpaf7.txt cache: ./cache/cord-034340-3ksfpaf7.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-034340-3ksfpaf7.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-017331-ru7mvfc0 author: Samanta, Indranil title: Infectious Diseases date: 2017-02-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-017331-ru7mvfc0.txt cache: ./cache/cord-017331-ru7mvfc0.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 6 resourceName b'cord-017331-ru7mvfc0.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-319933-yp9ofhi8 author: Ruiz, Sara I. title: Chapter 38 Animal Models of Human Viral Diseases date: 2013-12-31 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-319933-yp9ofhi8.txt cache: ./cache/cord-319933-yp9ofhi8.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-319933-yp9ofhi8.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-021453-vf8xbaug author: Dysko, Robert C. title: Biology and Diseases of Dogs date: 2007-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-021453-vf8xbaug.txt cache: ./cache/cord-021453-vf8xbaug.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-021453-vf8xbaug.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-023528-z9rc0ubj author: Wilkins, Pamela A. title: Disorders of Foals date: 2009-05-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-023528-z9rc0ubj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-023528-z9rc0ubj.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 3 resourceName b'cord-023528-z9rc0ubj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-023913-pnjhi8cu author: Foreman, Stephen title: Broader Considerations of Medical and Dental Data Integration date: 2011-10-08 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-023913-pnjhi8cu.txt cache: ./cache/cord-023913-pnjhi8cu.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 4 resourceName b'cord-023913-pnjhi8cu.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-015334-8p124rwp author: nan title: ESCP 36th European Symposium on Clinical Pharmacy ‘Implementing Clinical Pharmacy in Community and Hospital Settings: Sharing the Experience’, Istanbul, Turkey 25–27 October 2007; Abstracts date: 2008-06-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-015334-8p124rwp.txt cache: ./cache/cord-015334-8p124rwp.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 7 resourceName b'cord-015334-8p124rwp.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-022555-a7ie82fs author: nan title: Digestive System, Liver, and Abdominal Cavity date: 2011-12-05 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-022555-a7ie82fs.txt cache: ./cache/cord-022555-a7ie82fs.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-022555-a7ie82fs.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-009664-kb9fnbgy author: nan title: Oral presentations date: 2014-12-24 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-009664-kb9fnbgy.txt cache: ./cache/cord-009664-kb9fnbgy.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 8 resourceName b'cord-009664-kb9fnbgy.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-315598-qwh72inx author: Mendoza, Jose Luis Accini title: ACTUALIZACION DE LA DECLARACIÓN DE CONSENSO EN MEDICINA CRITICA PARA LA ATENCIÓN MULTIDISCIPLINARIA DEL PACIENTE CON SOSPECHA O CONFIRMACIÓN DIAGNÓSTICA DE COVID-19 date: 2020-10-06 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-315598-qwh72inx.txt cache: ./cache/cord-315598-qwh72inx.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 11 resourceName b'cord-315598-qwh72inx.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-021555-rrverrsj author: Delano, Margaret L. title: Biology and Diseases of Ruminants: Sheep, Goats, and Cattle date: 2007-09-02 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-021555-rrverrsj.txt cache: ./cache/cord-021555-rrverrsj.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 5 resourceName b'cord-021555-rrverrsj.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-000843-e1bn79ui author: nan title: ECR 2011 Book of Abstracts - A - Postgraduate Educational Programme date: 2011-03-01 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-000843-e1bn79ui.txt cache: ./cache/cord-000843-e1bn79ui.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 6 resourceName b'cord-000843-e1bn79ui.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-022754-ehq9qnoo author: nan title: Liver date: 2012-07-25 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-022754-ehq9qnoo.txt cache: ./cache/cord-022754-ehq9qnoo.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 7 resourceName b'cord-022754-ehq9qnoo.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-014687-0am4l5ms author: nan title: SPR 2012 date: 2012-03-29 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-014687-0am4l5ms.txt cache: ./cache/cord-014687-0am4l5ms.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 7 resourceName b'cord-014687-0am4l5ms.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-001221-due9tloa author: nan title: ECR 2014, Part A date: 2014-02-27 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-001221-due9tloa.txt cache: ./cache/cord-001221-due9tloa.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 7 resourceName b'cord-001221-due9tloa.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-022526-j9kg00qf author: Jones, Samuel L. title: Disorders of the Gastrointestinal System date: 2009-05-18 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-022526-j9kg00qf.txt cache: ./cache/cord-022526-j9kg00qf.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 11 resourceName b'cord-022526-j9kg00qf.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-350571-6tapkjb6 author: nan title: 45th ESCP-NSF international symposium on clinical pharmacy: clinical pharmacy tackling inequalities and access to health care. Oslo, Norway, 5–7 October 2016 date: 2017-01-10 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-350571-6tapkjb6.txt cache: ./cache/cord-350571-6tapkjb6.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 10 resourceName b'cord-350571-6tapkjb6.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-026031-hnf5vayd author: Ford, Richard B. title: Emergency Care date: 2009-05-21 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-026031-hnf5vayd.txt cache: ./cache/cord-026031-hnf5vayd.txt Content-Encoding ISO-8859-1 Content-Type text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 6 resourceName b'cord-026031-hnf5vayd.txt' === file2bib.sh === id: cord-010980-sizuef1v author: nan title: ECTES Abstracts 2020 date: 2020-05-11 pages: extension: .txt txt: ./txt/cord-010980-sizuef1v.txt cache: ./cache/cord-010980-sizuef1v.txt Content-Encoding UTF-8 Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Parsed-By ['org.apache.tika.parser.DefaultParser', 'org.apache.tika.parser.csv.TextAndCSVParser'] X-TIKA:content_handler ToTextContentHandler X-TIKA:embedded_depth 0 X-TIKA:parse_time_millis 10 resourceName b'cord-010980-sizuef1v.txt' Que is empty; done keyword-clinical-cord === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-003316-r5te5xob author = Balloux, Francois title = From Theory to Practice: Translating Whole-Genome Sequencing (WGS) into the Clinic date = 2018-12-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7340 sentences = 327 flesch = 34 summary = WGS-based strain identification gives a far superior resolution In principle, WGS can provide highly relevant information for clinical microbiology in near-real-time, from phenotype testing to tracking outbreaks. As an example, genome assembly might appear to be a bottleneck for real-time WGS diagnostics, but is probably rarely required; sufficient characterization of an isolate can be made by analysis of the k-mers in the raw sequence data, which is orders of magnitude faster. These include, among others: the current costs of WGS, which remain far from negligible despite a common belief that sequencing costs have plummeted; a lack of training in, and possible cultural resistance to, bioinformatics among clinical microbiologists; a lack of the necessary computational infrastructure in most hospitals; the inadequacy of existing reference microbial genomics databases necessary for reliable AMR and virulence profiling; and the difficulty of setting up effective, standardized, and accredited bioinformatics protocols. cache = ./cache/cord-003316-r5te5xob.txt txt = ./txt/cord-003316-r5te5xob.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-003878-nmyyt51x author = de Campos, Fernando Peixoto Ferraz title = What does the future hold? date = 2012-03-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1347 sentences = 91 flesch = 57 summary = The discovery of these discrepancies in the autopsy room is a powerful tool for identifying faults in medical practice and shows the need for clinical audits. Their reasons vary from distaste for the procedure to a belief that the accuracy of modern investigative techniques avoids the need of autopsy in elucidating nothing extra to the clinical picture. Their increasing clinical confidence in the ante-mortem diagnoses supplants their need to request autopsies. Paradoxically, community doctors generally show that they appreciate receiving autopsy reports and that, in a high proportion of cases, the findings are unexpected and could influence their future clinical practice. If clinical autopsy rates continue to decline, the future practice of medicine will be blind to many adverse consequences of clinical actions and omissions. We advocate close communication between pathologists and clinicians in the context of the results of autopsy findings. Post-mortem imaging as an alternative to autopsy in the diagnosis of adult deaths: validation study Death of the teaching autopsy cache = ./cache/cord-003878-nmyyt51x.txt txt = ./txt/cord-003878-nmyyt51x.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-021453-vf8xbaug author = Dysko, Robert C. title = Biology and Diseases of Dogs date = 2007-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 41994 sentences = 2688 flesch = 48 summary = The use of dogs continued as biomedical research advanced, and they were featured in many noteworthy studies, including those by Pavlov to observe and document the conditioned reflex response and by Banting and Best to identify the role of insulin in diabetes mellitus. Especially noted in this chapter are infectious diseases associated with the use of random-source dogs that have unknown vaccination history and have had intensive contact with other similar animals at pounds and/or shelters, or conditions seen frequently in the beagle, the most common breed used in biomedical research. Culture requires selective isolation media, and growth is favored by reduced oxygen tension and a temperature of 42~ Any disorder that can cause diarrhea in dogs should be considered as a differential diagnosis, including canine parvovirus, coronavirus, distemper virus, Giardia, and Salmonella infections; helminth infestations; and hemorrhagic gastroenteritis. cache = ./cache/cord-021453-vf8xbaug.txt txt = ./txt/cord-021453-vf8xbaug.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-011282-hgzneooy author = David, Yadin title = Evidence-based impact by clinical engineers on global patients outcomes date = 2019-07-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5420 sentences = 262 flesch = 40 summary = Following the resolution adopted at the first International Clinical Engineering and Health Technology Management Congress [8] that took place in Hangzhou, China, in October 2015, senior members from the CE profession from around the world who participated in the Global CE Summit [9] initiated the international project seeking evidence to the hypothesis that the engagement of CE and BE in guiding HT deployment positively impacts patient outcomes while the null hypothesis was that there is no difference. Safety and Quality services that dependent on complex technological systems is critical for outcomes and therefore identified with its own group of data Technology management group was the next category to be reviewed where CE/BME contributions to organized, integrate, manage, and improve safe and efficient sustainable HT. Overall this review identified evidence from 400 case studies received from 125 countries where management of medical devices (as main component of health technologies) made a positive difference over the past twelve years. cache = ./cache/cord-011282-hgzneooy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-011282-hgzneooy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-014337-nnuvrb6o author = Byrne, S. title = Scientific rigour date = 2020-11-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1527 sentences = 105 flesch = 58 summary = gdc-uk.org/news-blogs/news/detail/2020/09/01/ joint-statement-on-arrangements-for-dental-educationand-training-while-measures-are-in-place-to-control-thespread-of-covid-19-(version-2-dated-1-september-2020) (accessed November 2020). To evaluate the existing curricula and reorganise them by adopting the Commission on Dental Accreditation (CODA) compliance protocols on the interruption of education and distance education to allow for a continuation of the PGRs' hands-on and didactic learning 2. Clinical case presentations through online sessions allowed continued PGRs' feedback to enhance their presentation and treatment planning skills as well as surgical techniques 3. 1 report that sequencing data indicate high reads for Prevotella, Staphylococcus and Fusobacterium in patients severely infected with SARS-CoV-2. Despite facing changes in a teaching format, especially in clinical training, our approaches, including the use of online portals and modules, maintained and enhanced PGRs' hands-on and didactic experiences. One way of ensuring best practice would be that the directions for use of each new batch of product are read carefully and then stored in a centrally placed file in the clinic, easily accessible to all members of the dental team. cache = ./cache/cord-014337-nnuvrb6o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-014337-nnuvrb6o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-021494-9glqvzfx author = Funkhouser, William K. title = Pathology: The Clinical Description of Human Disease date = 2012-07-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2798 sentences = 151 flesch = 37 summary = The mental construct of etiology (cause), pathogenesis (progression), natural history (clinical outcome), and response to therapy is the standard approach for pathologists thinking about a disease. Diagnostic pathology will continue to use morphology and complementary data from protein (immunohistochemical) and nucleic acid (cytogenetics, in situ hybridization, DNA sequence, and RNA abundance) screening assays. It is possible that each new neoplasm will be promptly defined as to ploidy, translocations, gene copy number differences, DNA mutations, and RNA expression cluster subset, allowing residual disease screening as well as individualized therapy. Pathologists diagnose disease by generating a differential diagnosis, then finding the best fit for the clinical presentation, the radiographic appearance, and the pathologic (both clinical lab and morphologic) findings. Pathologists diagnose disease by generating a differential diagnosis, then finding the best fit for the clinical presentation, the radiographic appearance, and the pathologic (both clinical lab and morphologic) findings. cache = ./cache/cord-021494-9glqvzfx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-021494-9glqvzfx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-007331-wccmeaep author = Orcutt, Connie J. title = Emergency and Critical Care of Ferrets date = 2017-04-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9943 sentences = 593 flesch = 45 summary = Differential diagnoses for the ferret in respiratory distress include pleural effusion (cardiac disease, neoplasia, infection, heartworm disease, hypoproteinemia, metabolic disease); pulmonary edema (cardiac disease, hypoproteinemia, metabolic disease, electrical cord bite); anterior mediastinal mass; pneumonia; pneumothorax; diaphragmatic hernia; tracheal obstruction; metabolic disease (acidosis); and profound weakness (circulatory collapse, hypoglycemia, anemia).21,36 Hyperthermia or pain may also manifest as dyspnea in ferrets. In contrast to the canine patient, diarrhea in the ferret is difficult to classify as being small intestinal or large intestinal in character.26 Differential diagnoses for diarrhea include GI foreign body or trichobezoar, dietary indiscretion, Helicobacter mustelae gastritis, eosinophilic gastroenteritis or other inflammatory bowel disease, neoplasia, metabolic disease (i.e., hepatopathy), clostridial overgrowth subsequent to prolonged antibiotic administration, influenza, rotavirus (usually in very young, unweaned ferrets), eDV (generally accompanied by respiratory signs and a crusting dermatitis), epizootic catarrhal enteritis ("green slime disease"), GI parasitism (i.e., coccidiosis, giardiasis), and proliferative bowel disease. cache = ./cache/cord-007331-wccmeaep.txt txt = ./txt/cord-007331-wccmeaep.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-001687-paax8pqh author = Henkel, Jan title = Bone Regeneration Based on Tissue Engineering Conceptions — A 21st Century Perspective date = 2013-09-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 15788 sentences = 674 flesch = 35 summary = Engineering functional bone using combinations of cells, scaffolds and bioactive factors is a promising strategy and a particular feature for future development in the area of hybrid materials which are able to exhibit suitable biomimetic and mechanical properties. Engineering functional bone using combinations of cells, scaffolds and bioactive factors are seen as a promising approach and these techniques will undoubtedly lead to ceaseless possibilities for tissue regeneration and repair. According to the "diamond concept" of bone tissue engineering (77) (78) , an ideal bone substitute material should offer an osteoinductive three-dimensional structure, contain osteogenic cells and osteoinductive factors, have sufficient mechanical properties and promote vascularisation. As reviewed in detail in Reference (200) , we were able to demonstrate the in vivo capability of our composite scaffolds in combination with growth factors or cells to promote bone regeneration within ectopic sites or critical sized cranial defects in the small animal models. cache = ./cache/cord-001687-paax8pqh.txt txt = ./txt/cord-001687-paax8pqh.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-015334-8p124rwp author = nan title = ESCP 36th European Symposium on Clinical Pharmacy ‘Implementing Clinical Pharmacy in Community and Hospital Settings: Sharing the Experience’, Istanbul, Turkey 25–27 October 2007; Abstracts date = 2008-06-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 51143 sentences = 3291 flesch = 51 summary = Based on the results of the pharmacoeconomic analysis, development of clinical pharmacy and CIVAS for some drugs will be discussed with the paediatric department Background and Objective: Studies show that up to 38% of patients starting treatment with antidepressants fill only a single prescription at the pharmacy, apparently not accepting treatment. Main Outcome Measures: Data collected were: nurses' profile (age, length of service, competencies' self-assessment), knowledge on drugs prescribed to their patients (usage, administration, side-effects, drug interactions…), use of existing tools (i.e. drugs database) and possible tools to be developed by the pharmacy ward to help them in their daily practice. The objectives were:(1)To identify the most relevant minor ailments, agreeing on the specific criteria for referral to the GP.(2)To select the non-prescription drugs, with evidence of safety and effectiveness, for the treatment of the identified minor ailments Design: Qualitative study with an expert panel which was made up of 2 primary care physician from SEMFYC and six community pharmacists (two members of SEFAC and four members of GIAF-UGR). cache = ./cache/cord-015334-8p124rwp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-015334-8p124rwp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-031188-btrc3k4c author = Shrestha, Sunil title = Clinical Pharmacy Education and Practice in Nepal: A Glimpse into Present Challenges and Potential Solutions date = 2020-08-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3521 sentences = 212 flesch = 42 summary = However, the education and training for pharmacists provided in the country are not sufficient enough for optimum patient care and for delivering clinical pharmacy services. International collaborations in terms of faculty and student exchanges, preceptor training, and accreditation by international organizations such as Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE), establishment of need-based curriculum, incorporating clinical pharmacy department under the organizational structure of hospitals, etc., may be the right approaches to improve the current status of clinical pharmacy education in the country. 7, 8 Clinical pharmacy service is provided by the pharmacist who possesses specialized advanced education and training and works in collaboration with other health care professionals. Awareness among other health care professionals and hospital management on the importance of clinical pharmacy services should be the starting point of change to achieve excellence in clinical pharmacy practice in Nepal. cache = ./cache/cord-031188-btrc3k4c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-031188-btrc3k4c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-022203-t2f0vr1w author = Dowers, Kristy L title = The pyrexic cat date = 2009-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8910 sentences = 761 flesch = 52 summary = Clinical signs are often non-specific and include fever, anorexia and weight loss. Gastrointestinal signs are uncommon in cats compared to dogs, and include chronic diarrhea, mesenteric lymphadenopathy and anorexia. • Dysfunction of any organ system may result from granuloma formation within the tissue of that organ, e.g., liver, kidney, spleen, intestines, lungs, etc., however, organ failure producing clinical signs only rarely occurs, and most dysfunction is only detected on biochemical tests. Clinical signs in the acute, fatal form of extraintestinal disease are caused primarily by tissue damage from the rapidly dividing tachyzoites. • Young kittens are more likely to have gastrointestinal signs, although mild clinical disease has been reported in adult cats as well. Systemic signs, which are not present in all cats, include fever, anorexia, lethargy, vomiting, diarrhea and lymphadenopathy. Systemic signs such as fever, anorexia and depression are commonly reported (44% of cats) and can be seen with skin lesions. cache = ./cache/cord-022203-t2f0vr1w.txt txt = ./txt/cord-022203-t2f0vr1w.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-017331-ru7mvfc0 author = Samanta, Indranil title = Infectious Diseases date = 2017-02-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 37735 sentences = 2273 flesch = 45 summary = The chapter includes history, etiology, susceptible hosts, transmission, pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, lesion, diagnosis, zoonosis, Treatment and control strategy of Tuberculosis, Salmonellosis, Chlamydiosis, Campylobacteriosis, Lyme disease, other bacterial infection, Newcastle disease, Avian Influenza infection, West Nile Virus infection, Usutu virus infection, Avian Borna Virus infection, Beak and feather disease, other viral infection, Toxoplasmosis, Giardiasis, Cryptosporidiosis, other parasitic infection, Cryptococcosis, Aspergillosis, Other fungal infections. Clinical samples include faeces or cloacal swabs, blood/serum of live birds and affected tissues, such as liver, spleen, heart, intestine/caeca, lung, esophagus/crop, brain and kidney in 10% buffered formalin. Non-specific clinical symptoms such as neurological signs (head between legs), depression, ruffled feathers, and standing at the bottom of the cage are observed in pet birds with AIV infection (Fig. 2.13) . The virus is detected in brain, heart, liver, kidney, lungs, and intestinal tissues of laboratory mice and naturally infected birds. cache = ./cache/cord-017331-ru7mvfc0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-017331-ru7mvfc0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-026009-rdhuc2n2 author = Anderson, Nancy L. title = Pet Rodents date = 2009-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 14919 sentences = 1443 flesch = 58 summary = This chapter provides information needed to diagnose and treat the most frequently encountered problems of mice, rats, gerbils, hamsters, guinea pigs, and chinchillas. • Diagnosis is based on clinical signs, history, visualization of parasite, skin scrape, and cellophane tape test. • Clinical signs in adults are caused by secondary bacterial infections and are similar to those in MRM. Common primary or secondary pathogens causing respiratory signs in mice are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Corynebacterium kutscheri, Pasteurella pneumontropica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. • Mouse poliomyelitis/encephalomyelitis, also known as Theiler disease, causes clinical signs in 1 in 10,000 infected mice. • In contrast to mice, Sendai virus rarely causes clinical signs in rats. • Pneumonia in guinea pigs usually is caused by infection with S. • Diagnosis of scurvy is based on clinical signs, the exclusion of other causes of diarrhea, and response to vitamin C therapy (see Table 177 -10). cache = ./cache/cord-026009-rdhuc2n2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-026009-rdhuc2n2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-029547-9ei1ram3 author = Li, Jingwei title = The epidemiology and therapeutic options for the COVID-19 date = 2020-05-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7841 sentences = 499 flesch = 48 summary = According to the Diagnosis and Treatment Program of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia, only a suspected case has one of the pieces of evidence of etiology or serology, such as positive nucleic acid, confirmation of gene sequencing, and virus specific antibody, to be confirmed to be COVID-19 patient, 55 and the suspected cases were identified by a comprehensive analysis of epidemiological history and clinical manifestations. 64 There have been tens of clinical trials to confirm the safety and efficiency of chloroquine in treating COVID-19 patients, and its mechanism can be described as interfering with the glycosylation of ACE2 or alkalizing the phagolysosome to inhibit viral replication, 65, 66 which prevents the SARS-Cov-2 entering the host cells. Effect of high vs low doses of chloroquine diphosphate as adjunctive therapy for patients hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection: a randomized clinical trial cache = ./cache/cord-029547-9ei1ram3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-029547-9ei1ram3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-007321-7gi6xrci author = Chow, Anthony W. title = Evaluation of New Anti-Infective Drugs for the Treatment of Respiratory Tract Infections date = 1992-11-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 16053 sentences = 825 flesch = 31 summary = These guidelines for the evaluation of drugs for the treatment of respiratory tract infections include acute streptococcal pharyngitis and tonsillitis, acute otitis media, acute and chronic sinusitis, acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, and acute infectious pneumonia (table 1). This is often the case in otitis media, sinusitis, and pneumonia, when the use of invasive procedures such as tympanocentesis, sinus puncture, or transtracheal aspiration to confirm microbial eradication in the patient who is improving clinically generally is considered unjustified. Patients eligible for study entrance are children or adults with symptomatic pharyngitis or tonsillitis of acute onset clinically consistent with infection with group A I3-hemolytic streptococci and from whom group A (3-hemolytic streptococci have been isolated in cultures of throat -swab specimen or for whom a rapid screening test has indicated the presence of streptococci. cache = ./cache/cord-007321-7gi6xrci.txt txt = ./txt/cord-007321-7gi6xrci.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-018335-4l7scdqk author = Kiechle, Frederick L. title = Utilization Management in a Large Community Hospital date = 2016-12-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11062 sentences = 549 flesch = 40 summary = In preparation for the shift from fee-for-service to a valuebased payment system [ 15 ] large community hospitals have been actively engaged in three enterprises which will impact laboratory test utilization: buying physician practices, increasing the use of hospitalists and consolidation of hospitals. Certainly, utilization management of POCT programs will require investigations to determine the relationship between total laboratory turn-around time for results, patient outcome and hospital costs using cost effectiveness analyses [ 36 ] . As technology advances, the traditionally " agrarian society " of the laboratory is becoming more industrialized with the implementation of automation, molecular based testing, and use of mass spectrometry ( MALDI-TOF -Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight). However, all of these technological advances are shortening the time for a laboratory diagnosis and ultimately maximizing the impact to patient care and how physicians at a large community hospital will utilize the more rapid microbiology laboratory services. cache = ./cache/cord-018335-4l7scdqk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-018335-4l7scdqk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-002626-jzwwses4 author = Kaul, Karen L. title = The Case for Laboratory Developed Procedures: Quality and Positive Impact on Patient Care date = 2017-07-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 14822 sentences = 754 flesch = 40 summary = Clinical laboratories have thus had to develop new assays or modified the existing FDA-approved ones to detect high-risk HPV genotypes in head and neck cancer specimens. The vast majority of reporting laboratories utilized LDPs. 57 KRAS and RAS family gene mutation analysis is also critical in the management of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and other tumors, 58 for which FDA approval of kits has not occurred; LDPs or off-label use of kits is required. 74, 75 The FDA approval of anti-EGFR therapies based on clinical trial outcomes data resulted in the need for clinical laboratories to test tumor tissue for the EGFR-sensitizing mutations in order for patients to be eligible for treatment. During those ground-breaking first 15 years of the targeted cancer therapy era, if the laboratory community had been prohibited from providing high-quality, standardized LDP-based testing under existing CLIA guidelines, the negative consequences to patient care in the past and the future would have been substantial. cache = ./cache/cord-002626-jzwwses4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-002626-jzwwses4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-022520-ebj51v9o author = Marini, Robert P. title = Biology and Diseases of Ferrets date = 2007-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 19489 sentences = 1211 flesch = 46 summary = Campylobacter jejuni is a gram-negative, spirally curved microaerophilic bacterium that is recognized as a significant cause of human enteritis and is as-sociated with diarrheic illness in several animal species, including dogs, cats, cows, goats, pigs, mink, ferrets, and sheep (Carter et al., 1995) . Reports of spontaneous cases in ferrets require diagnostic confirmation and differentiation from cases of proliferative bowel disease and other infectious and noninfectious causes of diarrhea. Systemic infection with the bovine strain in ferrets results in disseminated disease with weight loss, anorexia, lethargy, death, and miliary lesions involving the lungs and other viscera (Fox, 1998a) . Clinical disease may occur in kits as young as 1-4 days old or in older animals up to 6 weeks of age. Other potential etiologies that have been considered include two infectious agents that are known to cause chronic immune stimulation in affected ferrets, the Aleutian disease virus (ADV) and Helicobacter mustelae. cache = ./cache/cord-022520-ebj51v9o.txt txt = ./txt/cord-022520-ebj51v9o.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266469-n484zqq1 author = King, Michael J. title = Lung base CT findings in COVID-19 adult patients presenting with acute abdominal complaints: case series from a major New York City health system date = 2020-07-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4127 sentences = 209 flesch = 44 summary = title: Lung base CT findings in COVID-19 adult patients presenting with acute abdominal complaints: case series from a major New York City health system Data is rapidly emerging given the novel nature of this devastating disease, with a paucity of published reports investigating abdominal presenting symptoms and subsequent CT imaging findings in COVID-19 patients. The purpose of our study is to describe the demographic, clinical, biological, and lung base CT findings in COVID-19 patients presenting with acute abdominal complaints, either in isolation or in combination with respiratory complaints. In this study, we described demographic, clinical, biological, and lung base CT findings in a population of COVID-19 patients who presented to our Health System with acute abdominal complaints, either in isolation or in combination with respiratory complaints. In conclusion, we report demographic, clinical, biological, and lung base CT findings in a group of patients presenting to our Health System with acute abdominal complaints who were found to have COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-266469-n484zqq1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266469-n484zqq1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258049-l55mx4lp author = Mansbach, Jonathan M. title = Hospital course and discharge criteria for children hospitalized with bronchiolitis date = 2015-01-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3702 sentences = 207 flesch = 46 summary = We performed a prospective, multicenter, multiyear study [10] [11] [12] to examine the typical inpatient clinical course of and to develop hospital discharge guidelines for children age <2 years hospitalized with bronchiolitis. A child was considered clinically improved on the earliest date he/she met all of the following criteria: (1) none or mild retractions and improved or stable retractions compared with the previous inpatient day; (2) daily estimated average respiratory rate (RR) <60 breaths per minute for age <6 months, <55 breaths/minute for age 6 to 11 months, and <45 breaths/minute for age 12 months with a decreasing or stable trend over the course of the current day; (3) daily estimated average RAO2 saturation 90%, lowest RAO2 saturation 88% 21 ; and (4) not receiving intravenous (IV) fluids or for children receiving IV fluids a clinician report of the child maintaining oral hydration. cache = ./cache/cord-258049-l55mx4lp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258049-l55mx4lp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-022034-o27mh4wz author = OLANO, JUAN P. title = Distinguishing Tropical Infectious Diseases from Bioterrorism date = 2009-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10720 sentences = 642 flesch = 41 summary = They include presence of disease outbreaks of the same illness in noncontiguous areas, disease outbreaks with zoonotic impact, different attack rates in different environments (indoor versus outdoor), presence of large epidemics in small populations, increased number of unexplained deaths, unusually high severity of a disease for a particular pathogen, unusual clinical manifestations owing to route of transmission for a given pathogen, presence of a disease (vector-borne or not) in an area not endemic for that particular disease, multiple epidemics with different diseases in the same population, a case of a disease by an uncommon agent (smallpox, viral hemorrhagic fevers, inhalational anthrax), unusual strains of microorganisms when compared to conventional strains circulating in the same affected areas, and genetically homogenous organisms isolated from different locations. cache = ./cache/cord-022034-o27mh4wz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-022034-o27mh4wz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262843-i0cy7467 author = Suzumoto, Masaki title = A scoring system for management of acute pharyngo-tonsillitis in adults date = 2008-09-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3339 sentences = 199 flesch = 46 summary = Patients with acute pharyngo-tonsillitis were evaluated for causative pathogens and were assessed clinical symptoms and pharyngo-tonsillar finding by a clinical scoring system. CONCLUSION: The current study strongly suggested that the clinical scoring system reflected disease severity well and would be very useful for evaluating clinical course and decision making for the antimicrobial treatment of acute pharyngo-tonisllitis. An appropriate scoring system was also developed and applied for evaluating severities and clinical course of acute pharyngo-tonsillitis. In the current study, we defined causative pathogens and the severity of acute pharyngotonsillitis by a clinical scoring system in adult patients. In this study, the frequencies of viruses in adult acute pharyngo-tonsillitis were lower rather than those reported in children, when we applied PCR/RT-PCR to identify four important viruses such as RS virus, adenovirus, influenza virus, and hMPV from pharyngeal swab. cache = ./cache/cord-262843-i0cy7467.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262843-i0cy7467.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-023165-f6o6owg3 author = NAVARRE, CHRISTINE B. title = Diseases of the Gastrointestinal System date = 2009-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 24560 sentences = 1604 flesch = 55 summary = The most important reason for examining feces in sheep and goats is to determine the presence and relative number of nematode parasites infesting an animal or flock. Clinical signs of frothy bloat and free gas bloat from either food intake or physical obstruction of the esophagus are usually more severe and immediately life-threatening than bloat seen from rumen wall diseases and systemic influences. Rumen acidosis usually occurs in animals that have been fed predominantly forage-based rations and are suddenly given access to large amounts of highly fermentable concentrates or concentrated forms of energy. Table 4 -2 lists the agents most likely to cause diarrhea in lambs and kids, tissues or other samples required for diagnosis, and commonly employed test methods. Liver abscesses usually occur as a result of chronic rumenitis in cattle, but they are rare in sheep and goats. F. hepatica infestation usually causes acute disease in sheep and goats but can present as a chronic condition. cache = ./cache/cord-023165-f6o6owg3.txt txt = ./txt/cord-023165-f6o6owg3.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255746-ir73lpi8 author = Sirimaturos, Michael title = Clinical Outcomes Following Tocilizumab Administration in Mechanically Ventilated Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients date = 2020-10-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4095 sentences = 205 flesch = 36 summary = CONCLUSIONS: Based on clinical outcomes and mortality rates seen in previous reports of mechanically ventilated patients, tocilizumab, as part of the management strategy for severe coronavirus disease 2019, represents a promising option. While several reports on tocilizumab treatment in COVID-19 patients now exist, data pertaining specifically to tocilizumab use in a large cohort of critically ill patients on invasive ventilation is lacking (11, 12) . Thus, in this report, we describe the 21-day outcomes of mechanically ventilated patients with severe COVID-19 who received tocilizumab as part of their management strategy. Our report of tocilizumab in patients exclusively receiving invasive mechanical ventilation demonstrates a 21-day mortality of 21% and clinical improvement at day 21 in 58% of patients with severe disease. Preliminary data from the placebo-controlled trial of remdesivir, which subsequently led to its emergency use authorization by the FDA for treatment of severe COVID-19, do not demonstrate differences in recovery or mortality rates between the remdesivir and placebo groups among patients on invasive ventilation (21) . cache = ./cache/cord-255746-ir73lpi8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255746-ir73lpi8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-023367-ujflw19b author = Newcomer, Benjamin W. title = Diseases of the hematologic, immunologic, and lymphatic systems (multisystem diseases) [Image: see text] date = 2020-04-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 33175 sentences = 2065 flesch = 49 summary = The cause of transformation is usually unknown; in rare cases, especially in flock outbreaks in sheep, it can be linked to exposure to the bovine leukemia virus, which has occurred experimentally and as a result of the administration of whole blood Anaplasma vaccines. C. perfringens type C in older sheep causes the disease known as "struck." Affected animals usually are found dead or with signs of toxemia. The course of the disease is usually very short (0.5-12 hours), so sudden or spontaneous death is a common clinical sign across affected small ruminant species. Additional evidence of systemic toxemia (metabolic acidosis, azotemia, and increases in liver and muscle enzymes) also may be seen; however, diagnosis of black disease is based on characteristic history (endemic liver fluke areas), clinical signs, and postmortem findings and testing. cache = ./cache/cord-023367-ujflw19b.txt txt = ./txt/cord-023367-ujflw19b.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258281-gxwk8jq9 author = Wenling, Yao title = Pregnancy and COVID-19: management and challenges date = 2020-08-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5015 sentences = 263 flesch = 46 summary = Based on recently published literature and official documents, this review provides an introduction to the pathogenesis, pathology, and clinical features of COVID-19 and has focused on the current researches on clinical features, pregnancy outcomes and placental histopathological analysis from pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 in comparison with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Although there is no unequivocal evidence to support the fetal infection by intrauterine vertical transmission of SARS, MERS and SARS-CoV-2 so far, more and more articles began to report maternal deaths due to COVID-19. There were no cases of vertical transmission identified among pregnant women infected with SARS 44-49 so far, but SARS during pregnancy is associated with high incidences of spontaneous miscarriage, preterm delivery, intrauterine growth restriction, endotracheal intubation and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit [44] [45] [46] . This is a review on pregnant women infected by SARS-CoV-2, SARS, and MERS, including their pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and pregnancy outcomes. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection during pregnancy: report of two cases & review of the literature cache = ./cache/cord-258281-gxwk8jq9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258281-gxwk8jq9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-267608-0odu8lus author = Chen, Daohong title = Innovative highlights of clinical drug trial design date = 2020-06-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4164 sentences = 155 flesch = 28 summary = Accordingly taking the advantage of interim analysis based on novel biomarker approach for detecting the pathogenesis-specific molecular alteration(s), an adaptive clinical study can select the drug-sensitive sub-population from patients with initially targeted disease or an alternative indication, to continue the investigation for an optimized therapeutic efficacy [7] . While human bioequivalence study is increasingly contributing to evaluation of emerging formulation and bio-similar agents besides chemical generics [4] , several adaptive trial designs have been capable of translating the scientific breakthroughs into novel therapeutic benefits with shorter processing time and lower financial costs, to address the unmet clinical needs [3, 19] . Of note, to preserve the strength of clear defining efficacy and safety of tested drugs, the innovative designs of clinical study are substantially overlapped with classic trial protocols of three phases which still serve as the mainstream approach of clinical investigation [3, 7] . cache = ./cache/cord-267608-0odu8lus.txt txt = ./txt/cord-267608-0odu8lus.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-253295-82ydczid author = Funkhouser, William K. title = Pathology: the clinical description of human disease date = 2020-07-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8864 sentences = 396 flesch = 34 summary = Patient workup uses present illness history with reference to past medical history, review of other organ systems for other abnormalities, review of family history, physical examination, radiographic studies, clinical laboratory studies (for example, peripheral blood or CSF specimens), and anatomic pathology laboratory studies (for example, tissue biopsy or pleural fluid cytology specimens). Obviously, arrival at the correct diagnosis is a function of the examining physician and pathologist (fund of knowledge, experience, alertness), the prevalence of the disease in question in the particular patient (age, race, sex, site), and the sensitivity/ specificity of the screening tests used (physical exam, vital signs, blood solutes, tissue stains, genetic assays). However, understanding the molecular and cellular pathogenesis of a disease allows development of screening methods to determine risk for clinically unaffected individuals, as well as mechanistic approaches to specific therapy. cache = ./cache/cord-253295-82ydczid.txt txt = ./txt/cord-253295-82ydczid.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-260993-udajtsmm author = Youssef, Mohanad title = COVID‐19 and Liver Dysfunction: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of retrospective studies date = 2020-05-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2056 sentences = 148 flesch = 49 summary = Meta-regression analysis was employed using OpenMeta Analyst software, taking into consideration the following study characteristics; sample size, mean age of patients, percentage of males, city of the hospital, publication date, and quality score. We applied TSA on mortality rate available among all eligible articles of COVID-19 patients with a mild and severe exhibition and indicated that the cumulative Z-curve transverses the monitoring boundaries before reaching the required sample size and achieving considerable significant and so no further studies are necessary (Figure 2 ). Our meta-analysis including 3428 subjects from 20 retrospective studies explored the potential relationship between liver injury and the severity of COVID-19 disease. 32 A recent study reported that the liver injury observed in COVID-19 patients might be caused by lopinavir, which is used as an antiviral for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this meta-analysis, we comprehensively analyzed liver dysfunction in accordance with the severity of clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-260993-udajtsmm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-260993-udajtsmm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-023913-pnjhi8cu author = Foreman, Stephen title = Broader Considerations of Medical and Dental Data Integration date = 2011-10-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 47663 sentences = 2231 flesch = 44 summary = So while there has been no shortage of effort paid to improving Medicare, the one common theme in all of the recent initiatives is that dental care has been conspicuously 1 A new study by Hedlund, Jeffcoat, Genco and Tanna funded by CIGNA of patients with Type II diabetes and periodontal disease found that medical costs of patients who received maintenance therapy were $2483.51 per year lower than patients who did not. Examples of integrated care models do exist, such as that presented by (Heuer 2007 ) involving school-linked and school-based clinics with an "innovative health infrastructure." According to Heuer, "Neighborhood Outreach Action for Health (NOAH)" is staffed by two nurse practitioners and a part-time physician to provide "primary medical services to more than 3,200 uninsured patients each year" in Scottsdale, Arizona. cache = ./cache/cord-023913-pnjhi8cu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-023913-pnjhi8cu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-021555-rrverrsj author = Delano, Margaret L. title = Biology and Diseases of Ruminants: Sheep, Goats, and Cattle date = 2007-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 71765 sentences = 5075 flesch = 49 summary = These references also provide information regarding vaccination products licensed for use in ruminants and typical herd and flock vaccination parasite control schedules ("Current Veterinary Therapy," 1986 , 1999 "Council report," 1994; "Large Animal Internal Medicine," 1996; Smith and Sherman, 1994) When designing a vaccination program during qualification of a source or at the research facility, it is important to evaluate the local disease incidence and the potential for exposure. Clinical signs in chronic cases in older animals, such as adult goats, include soft stools, weight loss, anorexia, depression, and severe diarrhea, sometimes with mucus and blood. This pathogen does present a complication due to the carrier status of some animals, the likelihood of herd outbreaks, the severity of disease in younger animals, and the morbidity, possible progression to uveitis, and time and treatment costs associated with infections. cache = ./cache/cord-021555-rrverrsj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-021555-rrverrsj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-000843-e1bn79ui author = nan title = ECR 2011 Book of Abstracts - A - Postgraduate Educational Programme date = 2011-03-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 91224 sentences = 4805 flesch = 41 summary = The role of radiology includes (a) characterisation of sonographically indeterminate adnexal masses, (b) staging as guidance for surgery and treatment planning (including identification of sites of non optimal resectabilty) in suspected ovarian cancer, (c) assessment of recurrent disease, and (d) in selected cases image-guided biopsy. The association of multiple markers of structural and functional imaging (MRI and PET) and the use of advanced computational analysis techniques will allow better management of AD but it needs a broader validation and know the most efficient combination of biomarkers at each stage of the disease, including the preclinical period. Although the basic techniques for DCE-CT have been available for decades, more recently a range of technological advances have contributed to the greater applicability of perfusion CT in the clinical environment including wider CT detectors, shorter gantry rotation times, 'table-toggling', radiation dose reduction and software corrections for image mis-registration due to respiratory or other patient motion. cache = ./cache/cord-000843-e1bn79ui.txt txt = ./txt/cord-000843-e1bn79ui.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274283-ukhgs6z1 author = Goel, Sunny title = Clinical Characteristics and In-Hospital Mortality for COVID-19 Across The Globe date = 2020-07-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1982 sentences = 111 flesch = 40 summary = INTRODUCTION: Numerous case series have reported on the baseline characteristics and in-hospital mortality of patients with COVID-19, however, these studies included patients localized in a specific geographic region. Numerous case series have reported on the baseline characteristics and in-hospital mortality of patients with COVID-19, however, these studies included patients localized in a specific geographic region. Numerous case series have reported on the baseline characteristics and inhospital mortality of patients with COVID-19, however, these studies included patients localized in a specific geographic region [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] . We included studies that had more than ten adult patients ([ 18 years), and reported clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19, along with all-cause mortality as one of the outcomes. Clinical features, laboratory characteristics, and outcomes of patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): early report from the United States Clinical Characteristics and outcomes of older patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective study cache = ./cache/cord-274283-ukhgs6z1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274283-ukhgs6z1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-263936-8yud5o6c author = Wang, Gary X. title = Opportunities for Radiology Trainee Education Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons from an Academic Breast Imaging Program date = 2020-10-03 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2814 sentences = 131 flesch = 32 summary = While reduced clinical imaging volume and mandates to maintain physical distancing presented new challenges to traditional medical education during this period, new opportunities developed to support our division in providing high-quality training for residents and fellows. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Core Competencies for Diagnostic Radiology helped guide division leadership in restructuring and reframing breast imaging education during this time of drastic change and persistent uncertainty. Here, we reflect on the educational challenges and opportunities faced by our academic breast imaging division during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic across each of the ACGME Core Competencies. Prior to the pandemic, all fellows participated in daily team huddles held in the diagnostic imaging clinic at 8:00 AM, which were attended in-person by all in-house personnel that day including assistants, technologists, and practice managers. cache = ./cache/cord-263936-8yud5o6c.txt txt = ./txt/cord-263936-8yud5o6c.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276255-0ofsa40u author = Cheong, Mark Wing Loong title = ‘To be or not to be in the ward’: The Impact of Covid‐19 on the Role of Hospital‐Based Clinical Pharmacists ‐ A Qualitative Study date = 2020-08-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3676 sentences = 226 flesch = 53 summary = OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on hospital‐based clinical pharmacists working in Malaysia and the implications on how clinical pharmacy is perceived as a health care service. Clinical pharmacists in Malaysia are pharmacists who have been assigned to work in the hospital wards, where they provide pharmaceutical care to patients and support the health care team with information and guidance for the effective use of medicines. This study aims to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospital-based clinical pharmacists in Malaysia and the implications on how clinical pharmacy is perceived as a health care service. The coding and subsequent analysis of the findings of this study led to the development of 3 main themes: 'Reassignment and other changes in clinical pharmacist roles', 'Adapting clinical pharmacy services to COVID-19', and 'The need for clinical pharmacists in the ward'. cache = ./cache/cord-276255-0ofsa40u.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276255-0ofsa40u.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-289520-i6pv90s9 author = Harris, Carlyn title = An evidence-based framework for priority clinical research questions for COVID-19 date = 2020-03-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4699 sentences = 282 flesch = 46 summary = RESULTS: From the research objectives for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, ten themes in the literature were identified: Clinical characterisation, prognosis, diagnosis, clinical management, viral pathogenesis, epidemiological characterisation, infection prevention and control/transmission, susceptibility, psychosocial, and aetiology. Outbreaks, especially of novel agents, create a pressing need to collect data on clinical characterization, treatment, and validation of new diagnostics to inform rapid public health response. We compared our findings to the 2018 systematic review on SARS and MERS to determine which questions have already been addressed, what information is lacking, and provide recommendations for data sharing and clinical study designs to be conducted during the current outbreak. These observational studies are practical in the fast-paced outbreak setting, as they are easier than randomised controlled The First Few X (FFX) WHO Protocol https://www.who.int/publications-detail/the-first-few-x-(ffx)-cases-and-contact-investigation-protocol-for-2019-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)-infection) What are the risk factors for death or severe illness? cache = ./cache/cord-289520-i6pv90s9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-289520-i6pv90s9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-258029-gyvg7ffa author = Moolasart, Visal title = Favipiravir-based regimen for coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia for a 47-day-old male newborn date = 2020-10-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1511 sentences = 94 flesch = 48 summary = title: Favipiravir-based regimen for coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia for a 47-day-old male newborn A 47-day-old, asymptomatic male newborn of coronavirus disease 2019 infected mother tested positive for coronavirus disease 2019 by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) , which emerged in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in mid-December 2019 to become pandemic disease. A 47-day-old, male newborn was asymptomatic but had household contact with his COVID-19 infected mother. A favipiravir-based regimen may be the drug of choice for COVID-19 pneumonia in the newborn, safe and tolerable in short-term use, but more evidence is needed to assess the effects of long-term treatment. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-258029-gyvg7ffa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-258029-gyvg7ffa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-029332-yn603pvb author = nan title = Full Issue PDF date = 2020-07-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 11306 sentences = 633 flesch = 41 summary = Included are cases of Brugada type I pattern positivization (1) in the context of fever, one of the most common presenting symptoms of the disease (2); electrical ventricular storm (3); transient atrioventricular block in the absence of myocarditis (4); sinus node dysfunction requiring pacemaker implantation (5) ; and finally a provocative report on the use of amiodarone as a possible treatment for COVID-19 (6) . In addition to cases of direct myocardial injury, some with pathological evidence, we also present 2 cases of takotsubo cardiomyopathy (16, 17) Two cases highlight the special circumstances faced by patients with left ventricular assist devices (18, 19) , which include the inability to tolerate prone positioning to augment respiratory support because of the mechanical equipment and the hypothesis that mechanical circulatory support may provide a type of protection against the most serious hemodynamic consequences of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-029332-yn603pvb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-029332-yn603pvb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-277528-t0tglg0a author = Tay, Yi Xiang title = Clinical placements for undergraduate diagnostic radiography students amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore: Preparation, challenges and strategies for safe resumption date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3253 sentences = 175 flesch = 50 summary = title: Clinical placements for undergraduate diagnostic radiography students amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore: Preparation, challenges and strategies for safe resumption Coordinated preparation plans and strategies between the university and hospitals were needed to safely resume clinical placements within national and hospitals' risk control measures against COVID-19 transmission. It is important to put into context how SIT and SGH prepared the students for the 57 challenges and designed strategies for safe resumption of clinical placements. This 80 communique was developed for all SIT Health and Social Science (HSS) students in 81 preparation for their clinical placement resumption and had all elements of risk control 82 measures for students' compliance. SIT and SGH have collaborated in 304 many aspects of clinical placements, namely managing students' well-being, meeting 305 learning outcomes and adhering to national and HCIs' risk control measures through the use 306 cache = ./cache/cord-277528-t0tglg0a.txt txt = ./txt/cord-277528-t0tglg0a.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255140-3dwqqgv1 author = Christian, Michael D. title = Biowarfare and Bioterrorism date = 2013-07-04 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9451 sentences = 516 flesch = 42 summary = Although some experts state that the risk of a largescale bioterrorist attack is low, 7 in a more recent analysis, US Senators Graham and Talent quote their conclusion form the Commission on the Prevention of Weapons of Mass Destruction Proliferation and Terrorism in 2010, which stated "unless the world community acts decisively and with great urgency, it is more likely than not that a [biologic] weapon of mass destruction will be used in a terrorist attack somewhere in the world by the end of 2013." 8 Anthrax in particular remains such a concern, because of both the lethality of the agent and also the potential availability given the number of governments that produced weaponized anthrax in the past. The mode of deployment as a biological weapon in the past has often been through infected vectors 22 ; however, a modern bioterrorist would most like deploy the agent via aerosolization and it could present as: primary pneumonic tularemia (inhalation), oculoglandular tularemia (eye contact), ulceroglandular (broken skin contact), or oropharyngeal (mucous membrane contact without deep inhalation). cache = ./cache/cord-255140-3dwqqgv1.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255140-3dwqqgv1.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-266730-mio282vy author = Li, Long‐quan title = COVID‐19 patients' clinical characteristics, discharge rate, and fatality rate of meta‐analysis date = 2020-03-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1309 sentences = 95 flesch = 58 summary = We statistically analyzed the clinical symptoms and laboratory results of COVID‐19 patients and explained the discharge rate and fatality rate with a single‐arm meta‐analysis. The results of the random effects model meta-analysis showed that the fatality rate of the COVID-19 patients was 5% (95% CI 15, 27 found that the fatality rate of patients with viral pneumonia increased when they had a basic disease and mixed bacterial infection, which was consistent with the results of our study. Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of novel coronavirus infections involving 13 patients outside Wuhan, China Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Analysis of clinical features of 29 patients with 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia COVID-19 patients' clinical characteristics, discharge rate, and fatality rate of meta-analysis cache = ./cache/cord-266730-mio282vy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-266730-mio282vy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-255139-hswef5ky author = Khan, Safdar A. title = Differential Diagnosis of Common Acute Toxicologic Versus Nontoxicologic Illness date = 2018-11-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 859 sentences = 50 flesch = 34 summary = This article provides a display table laying out the differential diagnosis of common acute toxicologic versus nontoxicologic illnesses in small animals. Upon presentation of an acutely ill animal, a veterinary professional must consider poisoning as a potential cause among the differentials. Before obtaining a complete case history, the first goal should be to stabilize the patient and preserve life of the acutely ill animal irrespective of the cause. A majority of clinical cases on presentation are treated supportively as only a very few specific antidotes are available or needed for treating specific poisonings. Other samples for toxicology testing in a diagnostic laboratory include whole blood for heavy metal analysis (lead), blood cholinesterases (organophosphate poisoning), and presence of pesticides (anticoagulant rodenticides). Table 1 outlines some important toxicologic versus nontoxicologic rule-outs based on clinical abnormalities one must consider in an acutely ill animal. An acutely ill animal with sudden onset of clinical effects may often have multiple major clinical signs/abnormalities present. cache = ./cache/cord-255139-hswef5ky.txt txt = ./txt/cord-255139-hswef5ky.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-023528-z9rc0ubj author = Wilkins, Pamela A. title = Disorders of Foals date = 2009-05-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 42569 sentences = 2235 flesch = 44 summary = First, restriction of the thorax or the abdomen can result in impaired ventilation, which can occur easily when one restrains a foal and may result in spuriously abnormal arterial blood gas values (see the discussion on arterial blood gas evaluation, Respiratory Diseases Associated with Hypoxemia in the Neonate). Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), currently referred to as neonatal encephalopathy in the human literature, is one systemic manifestation of a broader syndrome of perinatal asphyxia syndrome (PAS), and management of foals with signs consistent with a diagnosis of HIE requires the clinician to examine other body systems fully and to provide therapy directed at treating other involved systems. Therapy for the various manifestations of hypoxiaischemia involves control of seizures, general cerebral support, correction of metabolic abnormalities, maintenance of normal arterial blood gas values, maintenance of tissue perfusion, maintenance of renal function, treatment of gastrointestinal dysfunction, prevention and recognition and early treatment of secondary infections, and general supportive care. cache = ./cache/cord-023528-z9rc0ubj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-023528-z9rc0ubj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310205-j57x9ke6 author = Alcaide, Maria L. title = Pharyngitis and Epiglottitis date = 2007-06-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7562 sentences = 427 flesch = 42 summary = A major task of the primary care physician is to identify those patients with acute pharyngitis who require specific antimicrobial therapy and to avoid unnecessary and potentially deleterious treatment in the great majority who suffer from a benign, self-limited, usually viral infection. In the minority of patients who are severely ill or toxic at presentation and in whom clinical and epidemiologic evidence leads to a high index of suspicion, oral antimicrobial therapy may be initiated while awaiting the results of the throat culture. Treatment of GAS pharyngitis is recommended to prevent acute rheumatic fever, prevent suppurative complications [28] , shorten the clinical course (although only modestly) [28] , and reduce transmission of the infection in family and school units. Within days to weeks after initial infection with HIV type 1, 50% to 90% of patients develop a constellation of symptoms known as the ''acute retroviral syndrome.'' Fever, sore throat, lymphadenopathy, maculopapular rash, myalgia, arthralgias, and mucocutaneous ulcerations are the landmarks of the syndrome [58] [59] [60] [61] . cache = ./cache/cord-310205-j57x9ke6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310205-j57x9ke6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-022555-a7ie82fs author = nan title = Digestive System, Liver, and Abdominal Cavity date = 2011-12-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 66452 sentences = 3846 flesch = 48 summary = One study found that, of cats investigated for gastrointestinal disease, 9 of 33 cats (27%) had no pathology recognized proximal to the jejunum (i.e., the effective length of diagnostic endoscopes would have precluded diagnosis), and other organs were affected in 9 of 10 cats with inflammatory bowel diseases and 7 of 8 cats with intestinal small cell lymphoma. 60, 64 Quantification of serum cobalamin levels is recommended in cats with clinical signs of small bowel diarrhea, ones suspected to have an infiltrative disease of the small intestine (inflammatory bowel disease or gastrointestinal lymphoma), or ones with pancreatic dysfunction. Survey radiographs may be normal in cats with esophagitis and strictures, but are useful to rule out other causes for the clinical signs, such as a foreign body, or to detect related problems, such as aspiration pneumonia. 8, 29 Other non-neoplastic causes reported for gastric or gastroduodenal ulceration in cats include parasites (e.g., Ollulanus tricuspis, Toxocara cati, Aonchotheca putorii, Gnathostoma spp.), bacterial infections, toxins, inflammatory bowel disease, and foreign bodies. cache = ./cache/cord-022555-a7ie82fs.txt txt = ./txt/cord-022555-a7ie82fs.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282131-wap7lo05 author = Chen, Haixia title = Clinical and imaging features of COVID-19 date = 2020-04-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3377 sentences = 180 flesch = 46 summary = Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic in December 2019, the "Diagnosis and Treatment Scheme for Coronavirus Disease (Trial Version 5)" [6] recommended that suspected cases with pulmonary imaging characteristics be included for the first time in "clinical diagnosis" in Hubei Province. The "Diagnosis and Treatment Scheme for Coronavirus Disease (Trial Version 4)" stipulates that [22] JRID198_proof ■ 26 April 2020 ■ 3/ 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 a patient who meets any one of the epidemiological history criteria and any two of the clinical manifestations can be included in suspected cases, and that an etiological test then be conducted. cache = ./cache/cord-282131-wap7lo05.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282131-wap7lo05.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276740-4wwo9tho author = Overholser, James C. title = Roll Out the Red Carpet: The 3rd Annual Awards for the Most Valuable Contributions to Psychotherapy date = 2020-05-20 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5332 sentences = 261 flesch = 40 summary = The present article summarizes the results from the 3rd annual psychotherapy award program designed to highlight the valuable contributions made in eleven different categories. It seems important to highlight the contributions being made by psychotherapists each year, recognizing heroes within the field of mental health providers, who work quietly to help improve the lives of their patients. In terms of measures used in the research, psychological assessment in clinical settings often relies on a combination of self-report questionnaires, structured diagnostic interviews, and possibly other sources such as informant reports or observational measures, often completed on several occasions over the course of therapy (Overholser 2014b ). This award highlights the value of a comprehensive approach to psychotherapy, highlighting the contribution made through a published article that encourages an integrative approach to psychological treatments. The present award highlights some useful ideas and innovative strategies that can help clinicians to incorporate contemporary technology to improve their clinical services. cache = ./cache/cord-276740-4wwo9tho.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276740-4wwo9tho.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282261-wcmc5mh6 author = Rhodus, Elizabeth K. title = COVID-19 and geriatric clinical trials research date = 2020-09-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2256 sentences = 104 flesch = 34 summary = The COVID-19 crisis affects every aspect of clinical trial research engagement including: recruitment and retention; ability to ensure participant safety while engaged in experimental interventions; study procedures, including consideration of remote assessments, impact on populations with health disparities, and generalizability of future results; outcome measures, including biomarker assessment; impact on the clinical trial workforce, including attrition; impact on dissemination of results and scientific collaborations, which move the clinical trial infrastructure forward; current and future funding allocations; and regulatory considerations in regards to management of altered study conduct and change of outcome measures (Fig. 1) . The purpose of this article is to highlight the impact of disasters such as the COVID-19 pandemic on geriatric clinical trials research and propose approaches for the scientific community to continue pushing forward. The vulnerability of older adults to COVID-19 is a critical reminder for the need to prepare for disasters during clinical trial design. cache = ./cache/cord-282261-wcmc5mh6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282261-wcmc5mh6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282202-q2q4vies author = Banerjee, Amitava title = Clinical academic research in the time of Corona: A simulation study in England and a call for action date = 2020-08-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4106 sentences = 229 flesch = 46 summary = DESIGN: A stochastic model to determine clinical academic capacity in England, incorporating the following key factors which affect the ability to conduct research in the COVID-19 climate: (i) infection growth rate and population infection rate (from UK COVID-19 statistics and WHO); (ii) strain on the healthcare system (from published model); and (iii) availability of clinical academic staff with appropriate skillsets affected by frontline clinical activity and sickness (from UK statistics). "Learning is difficult in the midst of an emergency" [7] , but our ability to deliver timely, high-impact clinical research, relevant to patients and populations, is critical across the academic spectrum [8] , from "bench to bedside to big data", whether basic biology, repurposed and novel therapeutic approaches, vaccines or modelling. Our aims were to: (i) model potential impact of the pandemic on clinical academic capacity in England relating to COVID-19; and (ii) develop evidence-based recommendations to inform the optimal scientific response to COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-282202-q2q4vies.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282202-q2q4vies.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280093-w71e0ex9 author = Jung, So-Young title = Monitoring in clinical trials of complementary and alternative medicine date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2250 sentences = 129 flesch = 45 summary = BACKGROUND: Clinical trial monitoring is an essential activity for quality assurance (QA) to ensure the protection of human rights and the reliability and transparency of the data collection process. Monitoring in the context of a clinical trial entails many types of systematic activity to ensure that the study is conducted and data are acquired according to the planned protocol in compliance with Good Clinical Practice (GCP) and relevant legislation. The main roles of a monitor are defined by GCP, and are classified according to the principal purpose of monitoring as follows: first, they must ensure protection of human rights during the trial by checking that all study participants have provided written informed consent; second, they must ensure that the data collected are accurate and complete by checking the source documents; and third, they must confirm whether or not the study is conducted Essential documents for evaluation of trial conduct and the quality of the study data according to ICH-GCP 2 need to be updated and kept secure in the research institution and sponsor site in a timely manner. cache = ./cache/cord-280093-w71e0ex9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280093-w71e0ex9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-282298-8tcw3cll author = Wang, Jie title = Current Situation and Perspectives of Clinical Study in Integrative Medicine in China date = 2012-02-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8024 sentences = 349 flesch = 36 summary = The clinical achievements mainly include the following three: innovating methodology of disease-syndrome combination, excavating the classical theory in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), preventing and curing refractory diseases. The development ideas and strategies of integrative medicine for future mainly include (a) standing on frontier field of international medicine and improving the capability of preventing and curing refractory diseases; (b) moving prevention and control strategy forward and improving the curative effect of common and frequent disease; (c) excavating the classical theory of TCM and broadening the treatment system of modern medicine; (d) improving the innovation level of new high effective drugs on the basis of classical prescriptions and herbs in TCM; (e) rerecognizing the theory of formula corresponding to syndrome in TCM and enhancing the level of clinical research evidence based on evidence-based medicine. cache = ./cache/cord-282298-8tcw3cll.txt txt = ./txt/cord-282298-8tcw3cll.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-273973-3uxg97tu author = Guenette, Alexis title = Infectious Complications Following Solid Organ Transplantation date = 2019-01-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5621 sentences = 340 flesch = 31 summary = Always consider previous microbiological data and local epidemiology with regards to empiric antibiotics CAP should include empiric coverage for atypicals along with community-associated organisms HAP and VAP should include broad gram-positive coverage, especially MRSA, along with broad gram-negative coverage, including ESBLs and CREs if warranted Influenza is the only virus with approved treatment, oseltamavir; therefore, this should be started empirically if there is a concern Antifungals should not be started empirically, even in lung transplant recipients; however, fungal infections should be worked up thoroughly pathogen, source control, and adjustment of immunosuppression is the hallmark of treatment. Always consider previous microbiological data along with local epidemiology with regards to empiric antibiotic decisions Asymptomatic bacteriuria should only be treated in renal transplant patients during the first month posttransplantation Antimicrobials should be tailored to the causative agent, with durations that generally range from 7 to 21 days depending on the clinical context Fluconazole is the treatment of choice for cystitis and pyelonephritis if Candida is the causative organism cache = ./cache/cord-273973-3uxg97tu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-273973-3uxg97tu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-287607-d3k26aar author = Emamaullee, Juliet title = Rapid Adaptation of a Surgical Research Unit to Conduct Clinical Trials during the Coronavirus-19 Pandemic. date = 2020-06-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3271 sentences = 143 flesch = 34 summary = Ongoing 'Stay at Home' orders and institutional policies mandating 'Work from Home' for non-essential employees, which includes most research personnel, have impacted the ability to implement and conduct clinical studies. At the same time, plans were implemented to continue collection of data to achieve endpoints, safely enroll and follow participants in studies offering potential benefit, and quickly implement new COVID-19 clinical trials. These efforts were directed at the identification of the following areas that would require modification: minimization of direct patient care for routine study activities, logistics of research staff working from home, and study-specific protocol deviations, enrollment pauses, and remote site monitoring visits (Figure 3) . Sponsors were highly responsive, providing amendments to allow for study adjustments, including suspension of enrollment when appropriate for a specific study, protocol modifications to allow for remote follow up and designed for participant safety as well as to assure that data collection to achieve endpoints could be collected, and implementation of remote monitoring, etc. cache = ./cache/cord-287607-d3k26aar.txt txt = ./txt/cord-287607-d3k26aar.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279559-mob8dbcr author = Coleman, Carl H. title = Equitably Sharing the Benefits and Burdens of Research: Covid‐19 Raises the Stakes date = 2020-05-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1376 sentences = 79 flesch = 46 summary = In the context of Covid‐19, key issues include providing support to clinical trials in low‐ and middle‐income countries, without taking needed resources away from other critical clinical and public health needs; designing recruitment strategies likely to generate sufficient enrollment from groups that have been disproportionately burdened by the virus, such as African Americans; supporting studies designed to improve outcomes in high‐risk environments, such as nursing homes and group homes for the developmentally disabled; and ensuring that the medical products resulting from research are made available throughout the world at an affordable price. 6 The global community must commit to supporting clinical trials in LMICs that contribute to the development of locally relevant interventions, while also ensuring that these efforts do not take resources away from other critical clinical and public health needs. 10 These and other strategies to overcome racial disparities in research will be particularly important in Covid-19 clinical trials, given that the disease is infecting and killing African Americans at a disproportionately high rate. cache = ./cache/cord-279559-mob8dbcr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279559-mob8dbcr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-281391-0qkku2jd author = Miller-Handley, Hilary title = Treatment Options for COVID-19 in Patients with Reduced or Absent Kidney Function date = 2020-09-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4720 sentences = 276 flesch = 47 summary = COVID-19, the disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, was first identified in the Hubei Province of China in late 2019. Because of these findings, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine were used as early therapies in the treatment of COVID-19, and its use was further propagated by a small, retrospective, biased study from France with 36 patients which showed decrease in viral burden, and improved outcomes in patients treated with hydroxychloroquine [17] . A retrospective study from the Veterans Affairs, looked at hospitalized patients who received hydroxychloroquine and showed no evidence that use of hydroxychloroquine reduced the risk of progression of disease including mechanical ventilation and death [20] . Effect of High vs Low Doses of Chloroquine Diphosphate as Adjunctive Therapy for Patients Hospitalized With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection: A Randomized Clinical Trial cache = ./cache/cord-281391-0qkku2jd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-281391-0qkku2jd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-022467-j2trahab author = Loo, May title = Select Populations: Children date = 2009-05-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 19061 sentences = 1249 flesch = 44 summary = A recent clinical trial that included children over age 12 years and used a fixedcombination homeopathic remedy for a mean 4.1 days of treatment reported that 81.5% reported subjective feelings of being symptom free or significantly improved without complaint of any adverse side effects. 4 A randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled study from Great Britain of 170 children with a starting median age of 4.2 years in the experimental group and 3.6 years in the placebo group concluded that individually prescribed homeopathic remedies seem to be ineffective in reducing symptoms or decreasing the use of antibiotics in pediatric patients with URI. 414 In a nonrandomized clinical trial involving 30 children ages 3 months to 8 years with chronic diarrhea of 2 to 4 months' duration that was unresponsive to Western medicine and TCM, individualized acupuncture treatment eliminated symptoms and normalized stools. cache = ./cache/cord-022467-j2trahab.txt txt = ./txt/cord-022467-j2trahab.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-262784-r9gq2oan author = Tian, Suochen title = Clinical Characteristics and Reasons for Differences in Duration From Symptom Onset to Release From Quarantine Among Patients With COVID-19 in Liaocheng, China date = 2020-05-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3729 sentences = 183 flesch = 49 summary = title: Clinical Characteristics and Reasons for Differences in Duration From Symptom Onset to Release From Quarantine Among Patients With COVID-19 in Liaocheng, China Methods: We analyzed retrospective data regarding general characteristics, epidemiologic history, underlying chronic diseases, clinical symptoms and complications, chest computed tomography findings, biochemical monitoring, disease severity, treatments, and outcomes among 37 adult patients with COVID-19. Patient diagnosis, release from quarantine, and disease severity among all cases were determined according to the "Protocol for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia" issued by the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China and the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (8, 9) . The present study retrospectively analyzed the general characteristics, epidemiological history, chronic underlying diseases, clinical symptoms, complications, chest computed tomography (CT) findings, biochemical features, disease severity, treatment plans, and outcomes of 37 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-262784-r9gq2oan.txt txt = ./txt/cord-262784-r9gq2oan.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-272727-a5ngjuyz author = Bertsimas, D. title = From predictions to prescriptions: A data-drivenresponse to COVID-19 date = 2020-06-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3596 sentences = 209 flesch = 53 summary = Specifically, we propose a comprehensive data-driven approach to understand the clinical characteristics of COVID-19, predict its mortality, forecast its evolution, and ultimately alleviate its impact. Each column reports 128 cohort-level statistics on demographics (e.g., average age, gen-129 der breakdown), comorbidities (e.g., prevalence of diabetes, 130 hypertension), symptoms (e.g., prevalence of fever, cough), 131 treatments (e.g., prevalence of antibiotics, intubation), lab 132 values (e.g., average lymphocyte count), and clinical outcomes 133 (e.g., average hospital length of stay, mortality rate). The models with lab values provide 309 algorithmic screening tools that can deliver COVID-19 risk 310 predictions using common clinical features. These findings 333 are also in agreement with clinical reports: an elevated CRP 334 generally indicates an early sign of infection and implies lung 335 lesions from COVID-19 (27), elevated levels of leukocytes 336 suggest cytokine release syndrome caused by SARS-CoV-2 337 virus (28), and lowered levels of serum calcium signal higher 338 rate of organ injury and septic shock (29) . cache = ./cache/cord-272727-a5ngjuyz.txt txt = ./txt/cord-272727-a5ngjuyz.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310027-846vp7ii author = Ma, Lin-Lu title = Coronavirus Disease 2019 Related Clinical Studies: A Cross-Sectional Analysis date = 2020-09-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4246 sentences = 245 flesch = 49 summary = METHODS: We did an electronic search of COVID-19 related clinical studies registered between December 1, 2019 and February 21, 2020 (updated to May 28, 2020) from the ClinicalTrials.gov, and collected registration information, study details, recruitment status, characteristics of the subjects, and relevant information about the trial implementation process. We extracted the following information from registered studies: registration number, registration date, registration title, primary sponsor, funding source, study type, study phase, study objectives, study design, length of the study, intervention, countries of recruitment and research settings, recruiting status, allocation, sample size, participant age, gender, masking, the time and method of sharing individual participant data (IPD), data management committee. Among the 943 interventional studies, 416 studies (44.1%) explored the effectiveness and/or safety of drugs commonly used in preventing and treating COVID-19, such as hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), chloroquine (CQ), immunotherapy (including stem cell therapy, monoclonal antibody, immunoregulation), lopinavir/ritonavir, glucocorticoids, interferon, targeted therapy (Baricitinib, Ruxolitinib, Imatinib), favipiravir, and Remdesivir. cache = ./cache/cord-310027-846vp7ii.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310027-846vp7ii.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-276495-q22jnkn2 author = Belizário, José Ernesto title = Trained innate immunity, COVID-19 therapeutic dilemma, and fake science date = 2020-07-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2769 sentences = 132 flesch = 44 summary = This type of immunological memory or epigenetic programming to a pre-activated state allows the generation of a sustained and more effective non-specific response, even after years, although in the protocols of these studies, the innate immunity was evaluated after 3 months (2). Various clinical trials are underway to evaluate trained immunity through BCG vaccination in healthy volunteers under the coordination of Dr. Mihail Netea (Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands). To our knowledge, there are no published articles or clinical evidences that show that BCG immunization protects against SARS-CoV-2 in Brazil. The journal The Lancet, in May 2020, published the results of an observational, longitudinal, and retrospective clinical study based on medical records of COVID-19 patient cohorts treated across 6 countries and 671 hospitals, with different technical capabilities and diverse drug protocols (13) . cache = ./cache/cord-276495-q22jnkn2.txt txt = ./txt/cord-276495-q22jnkn2.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-296692-t5p09le8 author = Elgin, T.G. title = The changing landscape of SARS-CoV-2: Implications for the maternal-infant dyad date = 2020-09-07 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5325 sentences = 303 flesch = 47 summary = In December of 2019 cases of an unknown viral pneumonia were reported from Wuhan, Hubei, China Although much uncertainty remains, regarding the natural history and demographics of COVID19 , the virus appears to primarily cause infection in adults over 51 with case fatality rates increasing dramatically with age [5] . There are, however, emerging case reports of pregnant mothers who test positive for COVID-19 infection and who remain either completely asymptomatic [23] and or manifest mild symptoms in the subsequent 24 hours following delivery. Although clinical evidence is lacking, the case numbers to date of COVID-19 in pregnancy remain very low [32] and case reports of two neonates who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 shortly after birth lends some credence to the concern. Vertical transmission of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) from infected pregnant mothers to neonates: A review An analysis of 38 pregnant women with COVID-19, their newborn infants, and maternal-fetal transmission of SARS-CoV-2: Maternal coronavirus infections and pregnancy outcomes cache = ./cache/cord-296692-t5p09le8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-296692-t5p09le8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-311806-3zy5kgo5 author = Leoni, Chiara title = The dark side of COVID‐19: The need of integrated medicine for children with special care needs date = 2020-06-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 765 sentences = 51 flesch = 44 summary = One crucial role of a physician who is an expert on rare disorders is to recognize the cardinal features related to the syndrome and to be aware of potential complications in order to plan a personalized care plan so as to monitor signs and symptoms, prevent secondary complications, and support interconnections with local healthcare providers. This section refers to how lack of experience about clinical management of specific genetic conditions may affect patient's outcome even Angelo Selicorni and Giuseppe Zampino contributed equally to this study. Valentina Giorgio acquired clinical data on Case 1 (first patient), reviewed, and revised the manuscript. Mauro Celli acquired clinical data on Case 2, reviewed, and revised the manuscript. Angelo Selicorni acquired clinical data on Case 1 (second patient), reviewed, and revised the manuscript. cache = ./cache/cord-311806-3zy5kgo5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-311806-3zy5kgo5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283545-vu8lt3w6 author = Brabb, Thea title = Infectious Diseases date = 2011-12-16 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 28865 sentences = 1659 flesch = 47 summary = Although guinea pigs are sensitive and susceptible to the development of lesions from a wide range of viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and parasites, only a small number of organisms cause natural infection and only a portion of that group cause clinical disease. Although guinea pigs are sensitive and susceptible to the development of lesions from a wide range of viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and parasites, only a small number of organisms cause natural infection and only a portion of that group cause clinical disease. The efficacy of canine, porcine, human, and autogenous Bordetella vaccines and bacterins has been evaluated by several individuals; reports suggest that these vaccines do not completely protect guinea pigs from infection, but a decrease in the incidence and severity of clinical disease has been noted in experimentally challenged animals (Matherne et al., 1987; Stephenson et al., 1989) . cache = ./cache/cord-283545-vu8lt3w6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283545-vu8lt3w6.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283202-5fq1wxz8 author = Kent, Marc title = The cat with neurological manifestations of systemic disease. Key conditions impacting on the CNS date = 2009-05-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7327 sentences = 518 flesch = 40 summary = This article reviews the clinical signs, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of four important systemic diseases with neurological consequences: feline infectious peritonitis, toxoplasmosis, hypertension and hepatic encephalopathy. A presumptive diagnosis is based on a combination of clinical signs, evidence of recent or active infection (gained via serology for immunoglobulins or immune complexes, or PCR), exclusion of other disease processes, and response to therapy. Consequently, affected cats often demonstrate signs relating to renal disease or hyperthyroidism, given the high prevalence of hypertension with these disorders. Hepatic encephalopathy is the clinical syndrome of abnormal neurological function caused by portosystemic shunting, with or without intrinsic liver disease. Use of anti-coronavirus antibody testing of cerebrospinal fluid for diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis involving the central nervous system in cats Non-invasive blood pressure measurements in cats: clinical significance of hypertension associated with chronic renal failure cache = ./cache/cord-283202-5fq1wxz8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283202-5fq1wxz8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-309080-1r8t8yxv author = Tay, Yi Xiang title = The needs and concerns of clinical educators in radiography education in the face of COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-10-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2532 sentences = 150 flesch = 42 summary = Like nursing, midwifery and many allied health education programmes, clinical training is an important cornerstone of radiographer education -equipping students to safely and competently transit into complex healthcare environments 6, 7 . However, as all the overseas students were selffinanced, the potential of additional emotional and psychological challenges had to be considered 12 One of the ways of support for the clinical educators came in the form of encouragement from notes of appreciation and gifts from the public, and the hospital senior managements to all frontline heroes -showing how much their efforts were valued through these gestures of care and appreciation. Indeed, these characteristics of Generation Z students will certainly affect how clinical educators provide education in the COVID-19 pandemic. With the new ratio, clinical educators were able to provide the students with more guidance, frequent immediate feedback and encouragement to learn from their mistakes -meeting the Generation Z students' learner perspectives [36] [37] . cache = ./cache/cord-309080-1r8t8yxv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-309080-1r8t8yxv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-283779-mudwcypl author = Lauretani, Fulvio title = Assessment and treatment of older individuals with COVID-19 multi-system disease: clinical and ethical implications date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9727 sentences = 500 flesch = 42 summary = The chronic increase in inflammatory cytokines, augmented by COVID-19 infection, may explain the higher tendency for "the cascade leading to pulmonary fibrosis and insufficiency and activation of clotting" and poorer clinical prognosis, especially in multimorbid older persons (4) . In case of persistent fever, higher than 37.5°C for a time longer than 3 days and peripheral oxygen level lower than 95% after starting therapy, we should consider and proceed to hospitalization especially in multimorbid older patients with cardiac, respiratory diseases and diabetes. First, patients at risk for poor outcomes and higher mortality following infection with SARS-CoV-2, namely older adults and multimorbid individuals, should be checked for malnutrition through screening and assessment. Older patients infected by COVID-19 often experience atypical and less severe symptoms in older persons, side-effects of the drugs and require specific nutritional and motor treatment for avoiding disability and death. cache = ./cache/cord-283779-mudwcypl.txt txt = ./txt/cord-283779-mudwcypl.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-001221-due9tloa author = nan title = ECR 2014, Part A date = 2014-02-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 107848 sentences = 5493 flesch = 40 summary = In short: obtaining samples for making an accurate diagnosis and also to know more about its specific biology (biomarkers); IR covers any possibility needed for vascular access; percutaneous needle ablation is the best alternative in selected patients; endovascular embolisation with "vehiculisation" of therapies is an outstanding method for selective treatment, and sometimes precise ablation, of different tumors; IR is a unique way to offer palliation in a wide range of tumoral complications, such as embolisation for bleeding, stenting for vein obstructions or drainage of fluid collections. CT may be useful for osteoid osteoma and MRI is the best imaging technique for further diagnosis and staging by displaying tumour composition and extent of bone marrow involvement, including skip lesions, presence and extent of extraosseous soft tissue mass, and involvement of neurovascular bundle, muscle compartments and adjacent joint. cache = ./cache/cord-001221-due9tloa.txt txt = ./txt/cord-001221-due9tloa.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-300325-f3eomugb author = Ferguson, Nadia C. title = Clinical Pharmacists: An Invaluable Part of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Frontline Response date = 2020-10-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2473 sentences = 118 flesch = 33 summary = Scientific literature and media outlets constantly highlight the work of nurses and doctors on the frontline, but this article will specifically focus on the role of the clinical pharmacist during the coronavirus pandemic emphasizing the extraordinary work done to ensure safe effective therapy was provided to optimize health outcomes in hospitalized patients (5) (6) (7) (8) . In cases where adequate supply could not be obtained in a timely manner, clinical pharmacists used the established communication channels with their clinical teams to implement preemptive shortage management strategies that avoided therapeutic interruptions, optimized patient care, and mitigated stress for other frontline staff. To ensure rapid system-wide implementation of strategies such as the use of alternative analgosedation for an entire unit, clinical pharmacists established direct email communication chains with the Chair of the Medicine and Critical Care departments, who included these recommendations in their daily briefings to hospitalists and advanced practice practitioners in those areas. cache = ./cache/cord-300325-f3eomugb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-300325-f3eomugb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274481-k1dp1ilv author = Falavigna, Maicon title = Guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of COVID-19. The task-force/consensus guideline of the Brazilian Association of Intensive Care Medicine, the Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases and the Brazilian Society of Pulmonology and Tisiology date = 2020 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6973 sentences = 447 flesch = 44 summary = Summary of the evidence: the systematic review identified three comparative clinical trials with available data on the effects of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in COVID-19 patients: two open randomized clinical trials (29, 30) in a patient population with mild to moderate disease, and one cohort study. Recommendation 2 -we suggest against the routine use the hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine plus azithromycin combination for treatment of COVID-19 patients (weak recommendation; Level of Evidence very low). Recommendation 4 -We suggest the use of empirical oseltamivir treatment in patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) or flu-like syndrome with risk factors for complications when a diagnosis of influenza cannot be ruled out (weak recommendation; Level of Evidence very low). Summary of the evidence -two randomized clinical trials assessed the use of lopinavir/ritonavir in COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-274481-k1dp1ilv.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274481-k1dp1ilv.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-009664-kb9fnbgy author = nan title = Oral presentations date = 2014-12-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 71112 sentences = 3948 flesch = 47 summary = Because of the conflicting reports and lack of published data from paediatric patients, we sought to assess possible MIC change over time and to compare results generated by using different methodologies including Etest, agar dilution, and broth microdilution (MicroScan) methods. Recently, in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that NO plays a key role in the eradication of the leishmania parasite Objective: To determine whether a NO donor patch (developed by electrospinning technique) is as effective as meglumine antimoniate in the treatment of CL while causing less adverse events Methods: A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted with 178 patients diagnosed with CL in Santander, Colombia, South-America. To follow the development and spread of the resistance among these strains is difficult, as antibiotic susceptibility testing of clinically relevant anaerobes in different routine laboratories in Europe is less and less frequently carried out due to the fact, that clinicians treat many presumed anaerobic infections empirically. cache = ./cache/cord-009664-kb9fnbgy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-009664-kb9fnbgy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308284-r546ypur author = Simpson, Shmona title = Navigating facilitated regulatory pathways during a disease X pandemic date = 2020-10-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7029 sentences = 338 flesch = 38 summary = Several potential regulatory scenarios may exist and co-exist during an epidemic: for example, (a) de-novo candidates requiring rapid development and regulatory assessment (b) de-novo products requiring assessment when the typical package of clinical efficacy data may not be available, (c) approval of de novo or repurposed products for "emergency" use only in specific populations (d) for compassionate use in specific (e.g., "named") individuals of an unauthorized medicine (e) conditional or accelerated authorization before the completion of efficacy studies or, (f) use of a licensed product outside of its approved use (e.g., for another indication, dosage regimen, or population). Conditional term-limited approval 22 FDA's Expanded Access (EA) is a program designed for patients with an immediately life-threatening disease to access a product that has clinical trial data (putatively showing an acceptable benefit-risk profile)-but does not yet have marketing authorization. cache = ./cache/cord-308284-r546ypur.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308284-r546ypur.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-280431-tuzdng4h author = Alinier, Guillaume title = 5 Basing a Nonclinician's Career upon Simulation The Personal Experience of a Physicist date = 2008-12-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3506 sentences = 149 flesch = 41 summary = The triggers for this rapid growth have not only been recent technological developments in terms of personal computer power, but primarily clinical educators believing in the potential of simulation training approaches to help others effectively acquire life-saving skills in a safe and controlled environment. At the same time, I assumed responsibility for the development of the University of Hertfordshire's Intensive Care and Emergency Simulation Center concentrating primarily on delivering simulation-based training to nursing and paramedical students and evaluating the teaching effectiveness of this approach [6] . Similarly, you can greatly contribute to the success of your center's simulation programs by effectively communicating with other educators to refine scenarios provided to your participants, develop the simulation environment and new props. You might be able to use your skills and technical knowledge to further develop their ideas and improve aspects of the simulation training experience of participants. cache = ./cache/cord-280431-tuzdng4h.txt txt = ./txt/cord-280431-tuzdng4h.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-274802-7ioiwsd8 author = Varghese, Praveen Mathews title = Host-pathogen interaction in COVID-19: Pathogenesis, potential therapeutics and vaccination strategies date = 2020-08-19 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 19657 sentences = 1033 flesch = 42 summary = Proteomic and transcriptomic studies on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples from COVID-19 patients have also revealed considerable insights into the expression of SARS-CoV-2 receptors, co-receptors, immune responses, as well as risk factors for severe disease e.g. age and co-morbidities. Furthermore, treatment with a recombinant C5a antibody on 2 male COVID-19 patients aged 54 and 67 years showed significant benefit in suppressing complement hyperactivation, which contributes to the excessive immune response causing aggravated inflammatory lung injury, a hallmark of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and lethality (242) . Consistent with endothelial injury, the significantly elevated levels of von Willebrand factor found in the patient with severe COVID-19 has led to the idea that the infection of the ACE2 expressing endothelium by SARS-CoV-2 induces injury and activates the complement , which sets up a feedback loop that maintains a state of inflammation (243, (268) (269) (270) . Initial clinical studies in China involving 100 SARS-CoV-2 infected patients, who were treated with Chloroquine, showed amelioration of pneumonia, shortened disease progression, increased resolution of lung lesions on CT, and a better virus-negative conversion (313, 314) . cache = ./cache/cord-274802-7ioiwsd8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-274802-7ioiwsd8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-034340-3ksfpaf7 author = nan title = Proceedings of the 26th European Paediatric Rheumatology Congress: part 2: Virtual. 23 - 26 September 2020 date = 2020-10-28 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 35088 sentences = 2148 flesch = 49 summary = Objectives: The current study was undertaken to evaluate sociodemographic and sociocultural features, parent behavior, the gestation and breastfeeding period, nutritional status of early childhood in our patients with JIA, and to determine their relationship with disease activity, damage index, remission time, and relapse rate. Methods: In the present study were included data 170 JIA(55 boys and 115 girls)aged from 2 to 17 years,who received scheduled vaccination before the age of 2 years and before JIA onset against measles,parotitis,diphtheria and rubella.Incomplete vaccination means the reduced number of vaccine to age.In all patients the Ig G anti-vaccine antibodies levels were detected with ELISA.JIA categories were:oligoarthritis -73,polyarthritis -61,systemic-16 and enthesitisrelated arthritis-20.Data presented with median and 25%>75% Results: Incomplete vaccination against MMR was in 50 (42%)diphtheria in 85 (50%) of the JIA patients. cache = ./cache/cord-034340-3ksfpaf7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-034340-3ksfpaf7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-279255-v861kk0i author = Dhama, Kuldeep title = Coronavirus Disease 2019–COVID-19 date = 2020-06-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 23862 sentences = 1164 flesch = 44 summary = Recently, a new type of viral infection emerged in Wuhan City, China, and initial genomic sequencing data of this virus do not match with previously sequenced CoVs, suggesting a novel CoV strain (2019-nCoV), which has now been termed severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Compared to diseases caused by previously known human CoVs, COVID-19 shows less severe pathogenesis but higher transmission competence, as is evident from the continuously increasing number of confirmed cases globally. Recently, a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) , emerged in late 2019, and it has posed a global health threat, causing an ongoing pandemic in many countries and territories (1) . Health workers worldwide are currently making efforts to control further disease outbreaks caused by the novel CoV (originally named 2019-nCoV), which was first identified in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, on 12 December 2019. cache = ./cache/cord-279255-v861kk0i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-279255-v861kk0i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-014687-0am4l5ms author = nan title = SPR 2012 date = 2012-03-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 98592 sentences = 5600 flesch = 43 summary = This presentation will focus on recent developments that have lead to a better understanding of the embryopathogenesis for fibropolycystic liver diseases (including choledochal cysts and Caroli disease), histopathological findings that have led to new classification systems for of pediatric vascular anomalies, technological advances and contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging that are useful to characterize and limit the differential diagnosis of hepatic masses. Disclosure: Dr. Annapragada has indicated that he is a stock holder and consultant for Marval Biosciences Inc. Paper #: PA-067 Cardiovascular Image Quality Using a Nanoparticle CT Contrast Agent: Preliminary Studies in a Pig Model Rajesh Krishnamurthy, Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, rxkrishn@texaschildrens.org; Ketan Ghaghada, Prakash Masand, Abhay Divekar, Eric Hoffman, Ananth Annapragada Purpose or Case Report: Image quality in a separate study using a long circulating, liposomal-based nanoscale blood pool iodinated contrast agent (NCTX) suggests clinical utility in pediatrics, potentially reducing difficulties in contrast-CT of children with congenital heart disease (CHD) including the size of intravenous cannula, need for accurate timing, inability to simultaneously opacify multiple targets of interest (requiring repeated contrast administration and/or repeated imaging). cache = ./cache/cord-014687-0am4l5ms.txt txt = ./txt/cord-014687-0am4l5ms.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-299082-s8bm40vy author = Wang, Yueying title = Cardiac arrhythmias in patients with COVID‐19 date = 2020-07-26 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3714 sentences = 247 flesch = 40 summary = 5, 6, 9, 10, [12] [13] [14] [15] Several investigators have reported cardiac function and structural abnormalities in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, including acute heart failure (HF), 3,10,16 takotsubo syndrome, 17 ,18 viral myocarditis, 19 and acute myocardial infarction. In addition to exacerbating the previous cardiomyopathy and conduction disorders, inducing arrhythmia events, SARS-CoV-2 may also induce electrophysiological abnormalities in patients with no previous history of heart disease under a variety of mechanisms. Clinical features and mechanism of heart injury in patients suffered from severe acute respiratory syndrome. Effect of high vs low doses of chloroquine diphosphate as adjunctive therapy for patients hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection: a randomized clinical trial Risk of QT interval prolongation associated with use of hydroxychloroquine with or without concomitant azithromycin among hospitalized patients testing positive for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cache = ./cache/cord-299082-s8bm40vy.txt txt = ./txt/cord-299082-s8bm40vy.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-312677-rwznqiib author = Razmi, Mahdieh title = Immunomodulatory-Based Therapy as a Potential Promising Treatment Strategy against Severe COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review date = 2020-08-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6545 sentences = 306 flesch = 39 summary = Sixty-six publications and 111 clinical trials were recognized as eligible, reporting the efficacy of the immunomodulatory agents, including corticosteroids, hydroxychloroquine, passive and cytokine-targeted therapies, mesenchymal stem cells, and blood-purification therapy, in COVID-19 patients. Various studies have focused on the efficacy of the immunomodulatory agents including corticosteroids, hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine, cytokine-targeted therapies (e.g., anakinra, siltuximab, or tocilizumab), passive immunotherapy (convalescent plasma and intravenous immunoglobulin), mesenchymal stem cells, and bloodpurification therapy, mostly as adjuvant therapy for treatment of the patients with severe COVID-19 and partly have reported promising outcomes. Included clinical studies with 1-63 participants have shown that both antagonists, specially TCZ, are effective in reducing the mortality rate specially in the severely ill patients, improving the symptoms including fever resolution, oxygenation and resolved CT scans, reducing the inflammation markers (ferritin, CRP, and D-dimer), weaning from the ICU hospitalization and ventilation, and dampening the risk of disease progression to ARDS by mitigating the cytokine storm in the NCP patients [60, 62] , as applied for CRS controlling in the CAR-T therapy [90] . cache = ./cache/cord-312677-rwznqiib.txt txt = ./txt/cord-312677-rwznqiib.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316647-jj8anf5g author = Shang, You title = Management of critically ill patients with COVID-19 in ICU: statement from front-line intensive care experts in Wuhan, China date = 2020-06-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 13583 sentences = 668 flesch = 39 summary = RESULTS: A comprehensive document with 46 statements are presented, including protection of medical personnel, etiological treatment, diagnosis and treatment of tissue and organ functional impairment, psychological interventions, immunity therapy, nutritional support, and transportation of critically ill COVID-19 patients. Statement 8 Convalescent plasma therapy should probably be used for severe and critically ill patients with COVID-19 (Grade 2+, weak recommendation). However, critically ill patients with COVID-19 have a longer mechanical ventilation time, and daily sedatives interruption is not suggested for patients receiving deep sedation in order to reduce lung damage during early stage of severe ARDS. Light sedation is suggested for severe COVID-19 patients receiving HFNC oxygen therapy and non-invasive mechanical ventilation, and also for critically ill patients in the recovering stage (expert opinion). Effect of high vs low doses of chloroquine diphosphate as adjunctive therapy for patients hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection: a randomized clinical trial cache = ./cache/cord-316647-jj8anf5g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316647-jj8anf5g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-293151-g3758oes author = Nemzek, Jean A. title = Biology and Diseases of Dogs date = 2015-07-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 30297 sentences = 1818 flesch = 46 summary = This provides the necessary background to discuss the spontaneous diseases, including infectious and neoplastic conditions, prevalent in purpose bred as well as random source dogs used in biomedical research. Several factors that increase pressure at the site and/or affect the integrity of the skin will predispose an individual to develop pressure sores, including poor hygiene, self-trauma, low-protein diet, preexisting tissue damage, muscle wasting, inadequate bedding, and ill-fitting coaptation devices (Swaim and Angarano, 1990) . Chronic or recurrent corneal ulcers may also be associated with infection or hereditary causes in some breeds of dogs; however, these would be rare in the laboratory setting. Research Complications Treatment of early-stage or low-grade mammary tumors may be rewarding, allowing dogs to continue on study. cache = ./cache/cord-293151-g3758oes.txt txt = ./txt/cord-293151-g3758oes.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-022754-ehq9qnoo author = nan title = Liver date = 2012-07-25 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 87886 sentences = 5297 flesch = 39 summary = Conversely, in cases of chronic end-stage liver disease, such as cirrhosis, serum hepatic enzyme activities may not be markedly increased, or may even be within the reference interval as a result of the replacement of hepatocytes with fibrous tissue. World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA) Standards for the Clinical and Histological Diagnosis of Canine and Feline Liver Disease suggest that the cytologic evaluation of bile forms part of the minimum diagnostic requirement for cats with extrahepatic cholestasis and for dogs guidance. 32 Hyperglobulinemia can be seen in dogs with cirrhosis, but it remains to be determined whether this corresponds with increased autoantibodies as occurs in humans with autoimmune hepatitis, or whether it reflects nonspecific systemic antibody production in response to antigens from the portal blood which bypass the liver through acquired PSSs. 83 Mild nonregenerative anemia may be a reflection of chronic disease. cache = ./cache/cord-022754-ehq9qnoo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-022754-ehq9qnoo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-304479-uxp1kg86 author = Goodarzi, Pedram title = Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Immunological approaches and emerging pharmacologic treatments date = 2020-08-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8098 sentences = 434 flesch = 41 summary = Finally, recently, a case report study from Japan shows that orally inhaled ciclesonide alleviates the local inflammation in the lung of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and inhibits the propagation of the virus by antiviral activity [60] . In the same way, a recent case-report study showed that the adoptive transfer therapy of human umbilical cord blood derived-mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) to a Chinese female patient afflicted with acute COVID19 syndromes improved her laboratory tests and CT images [69] . In vitro evidence of activity against SARS-CoV-2 in infected Vero E6 cells reported with high concentrations of the drug [104, 105, 142] FPV significantly improved the latency to relief for pyrexia and cough [99] FPV in patients with COVID-19 led to decrease of viral load and significant improvement in chest imaging compared with the control arm [98] cache = ./cache/cord-304479-uxp1kg86.txt txt = ./txt/cord-304479-uxp1kg86.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-306351-ka6asw3m author = Alsuliman, Tamim title = A review of potential treatments to date in COVID-19 patients according to the stage of the disease date = 2020-05-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6057 sentences = 374 flesch = 48 summary = Several trials of Remdesivir treatment on few patients in the United States have shown early promising benefits in cases with severe pneumonia [33, 34] . On the other hand, data emerging from other ongoing Chinese trials have demonstrated that CQ phosphate is superior to a control treatment in the following areas: pneumonia exacerbation inhibition, imaging findings improvement, virus negative conversion promoting, and disease course shortening [62] . For example, clinical data from reliable randomized controlled studies are still missing, and data published to date lacks homogeneity in terms of recommended dose concentration, treatment duration, and severity of patient illness [58] . Chloroquine diphosphate in two different dosages as adjunctive therapy of hospitalized patients with severe respiratory syndrome in the context of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection: Preliminary safety results of a randomized, double-blinded, phase IIb clinical trial (CloroCovid-19 Study) The use of anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of people with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): The experience of clinical immunologists from China cache = ./cache/cord-306351-ka6asw3m.txt txt = ./txt/cord-306351-ka6asw3m.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-298899-lkrmg5qr author = Xie, Yewei title = Epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory findings of the COVID-19 in the current pandemic: systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-08-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6242 sentences = 368 flesch = 53 summary = To fill the research gaps mentioned above, this review article systematically summarizes global findings on the natural history, clinical spectrum, transmission patterns, laboratory findings, CT results, and risk factors of the COVID-19. Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult in patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study Clinical course and potential predicting factors of pneumonia of adult patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a retrospective observational analysis of 193 confirmed cases in Thailand Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan Epidemiology, risk factors and clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients in a Swiss university hospital: an observational retrospective study cache = ./cache/cord-298899-lkrmg5qr.txt txt = ./txt/cord-298899-lkrmg5qr.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-308421-22rcptor author = Perez-Gracia, Jose Luis title = ESMO Clinical Research Observatory (ECRO): improving the efficiency of clinical research through rationalisation of bureaucracy date = 2020-05-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3368 sentences = 144 flesch = 31 summary = ECRO will aim to provide the views of ESMO on clinical research procedures based on the feedback from clinical investigators, under complete adherence to the Declaration of Helsinki, the GCP guidelines and any other applicable legal regulations, while at the same time showing profound respect for all the stakeholders involved in clinical research. ECRO will aim to provide the views of ESMO on clinical research procedures based on the feedback from clinical investigators, under complete adherence to the Declaration of Helsinki, the GCP guidelines and any other applicable legal regulations, while at the same time showing profound respect for all the stakeholders involved in clinical research. While adherence to the Declaration of Helsinki, GCP guidelines and local regulations remains unquestionable, many experienced investigators believe that their overinterpretation and misinterpretation by Clinical Research Organisations (CROs), and their substitution by their own internal Standard Operating Procedures have significantly increased the administrative burden. cache = ./cache/cord-308421-22rcptor.txt txt = ./txt/cord-308421-22rcptor.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316886-qzka2dqm author = Machin, L. L. title = Making the (Business) Case for Clinical Ethics Support in the UK date = 2020-07-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 9311 sentences = 381 flesch = 45 summary = This paper provides a series of reflections of an academic socio-ethicist's (LM) and a senior clinician's (MW) experiences of making the case for the introduction of Clinical Ethics Support Services (CESS) within a National Health Service (NHS) Trust. The paper will outline the journey of the academic being approached by the clinician to consider setting up a CESS at the Trust, to being faced with the daunting task of completing a business case, to working collaboratively with clinical colleagues to prepare a proposal to the Trust Executive Board. The literature confirmed that healthcare staff need reflective spaces within institutions in which to explore and communicate values and ethical obligations as they undergird goals of patient care (Hamric and Wocial 2016) and the CESS could play a role in creating and designing these spaces, and ensuring they remain "open, accessible and active" (Walker 1993, p. cache = ./cache/cord-316886-qzka2dqm.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316886-qzka2dqm.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-310150-j1mvr9r9 author = Wei, Wei title = Identification of common and severe COVID-19: the value of CT texture analysis and correlation with clinical characteristics date = 2020-07-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3102 sentences = 225 flesch = 53 summary = title: Identification of common and severe COVID-19: the value of CT texture analysis and correlation with clinical characteristics These features were then used to construct a radiomics texture model to discriminate the severe patients using multivariate logistic regression method. (4) The Spearman correlation analysis showed that most textural and clinical features had above-moderate correlations with disease severity (> 0.4). Both the clinical model and radiomics signature showed good performance in discriminating patients with common and severe COVID-19. Both the clinical and radiomics models showed good stability, indicating that the texture analysis was valuable for discriminating common and severe COVID-19 patients, and that the results were not due to overfitting. The strong correlation was found between inflammatory score and partial wavelet transform features and region size matrix GLSZM features (> 0.7), indicating that these image features are closely related to disease severity and can be used for clinical type classification of the COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-310150-j1mvr9r9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-310150-j1mvr9r9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316029-z708c3ex author = Brunsdon, Priya title = Clinical Pharmacology Considerations for Developing Small‐Molecule Treatments for COVID‐19 date = 2020-07-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4964 sentences = 264 flesch = 36 summary = This review will offer key clinical pharmacology considerations for developing small molecules for the treatment of COVID-19 based on the major disease complications that impact drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME). Of major concern is sepsis, defined as "life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection." 12 In 1 study, septic shock, which is distinguished by persistent hypotension, elevated serum lactate levels, and increased mortality, was a complication in about 6% of severely ill COVID-19 patients. For water-soluble investigational therapies that are intended for administration in the severely ill COVID-19 population, thought should be given to targeting serum drug concentrations and the drug's exposure-response profile when determining if increased doses would be beneficial for patients receiving intravenous fluids. 21 The clinical impact of these potential changes in free drug fractions on investigational therapies that are highly proteinbound is an important consideration when empirically selecting doses for critically ill COVID-19 patients. cache = ./cache/cord-316029-z708c3ex.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316029-z708c3ex.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315730-fzgxuak7 author = Penman, Sophie L. title = Safety perspectives on presently considered drugs for the treatment of COVID‐19 date = 2020-07-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 12067 sentences = 627 flesch = 42 summary = Owing to their efficacy against viruses (mostly demonstrated in vitro) including influenza, HIV, coronavirus OC43, and SARS-CoV, a large number of clinical trials (>230) have been registered worldwide using chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine alone, or in combination with other drugs (e.g. azithromycin) for the treatment of COVID-19. At the time of writing, the RECOVERY trial (clinical trial identifier NCT04381936) which is the largest randomised control trial so far conducted for the treatment of COVID, has stopped recruiting to the hydroxychloroquine arm (1542 patients compared with 3132 on standard care) because of no beneficial effect either in terms of mortality or hospital stay (P. Assessment of QT Intervals in a Case Series of Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection Treated With Hydroxychloroquine Alone or in Combination With Azithromycin in an Intensive Care Unit Effect of High vs Low Doses of Chloroquine Diphosphate as Adjunctive Therapy for Patients Hospitalized With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection: A Randomized Clinical Trial cache = ./cache/cord-315730-fzgxuak7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315730-fzgxuak7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319805-b6ypt5d0 author = Siepmann, Timo title = Association of history of cerebrovascular disease with severity of COVID-19 date = 2020-08-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5096 sentences = 230 flesch = 40 summary = We systematically searched electronic databases including MEDLINE (accessed by PubMed), EMBASE and Cochrane Library for identification of all available observational studies that reported on laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients aged ≥18 years with information given on disease severity and past history of CVD. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to explore the predictive value of history of CVD for severity outcomes of COVID-19 including clinical severity according to the classification by the National Health Commission guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of COVID-19, in-hospital death and necessity of intensive care [10]. When considering only published data from Chinese cohorts in pooled analysis (n = 1805), history of CVD was also associated with increased risk of severity of COVID-19 (RR 2.39, 95% CI 1.94-2.94; p < 0.0001) with similar results on sensitivity analyses for study-specific severity outcomes (clinical parameters: RR 1.83, 95% CI 1.28-2.63; p = 0.001; necessity of intensive care: RR 2.9, 95% CI 1.61-5.24; p < 0.0001 and in-hospital death: RR 2.14, 95% CI 1.7-2.7; p < 0.0001). cache = ./cache/cord-319805-b6ypt5d0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319805-b6ypt5d0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-317952-4oa9hfb4 author = Bourgonje, Arno R. title = Angiotensin‐converting enzyme‐2 (ACE2), SARS‐CoV‐2 and pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) date = 2020-05-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 12082 sentences = 664 flesch = 38 summary = ACE2 was highly expressed on lung alveolar epithelial cells and small intestinal epithelial cells, consistent with potential routes of viral transmission of SARS-CoV-2, as both respiratory and gastrointestinal systems share interfaces with the external environment. ACE2 expression in the lungs and SARS-CoV-2 viral load have been suggested to increase with age, which might provide an explanation to the higher disease severity observed in older patients with COVID-19 [35] . Both SARS-CoV-2 infection, directly mediated by ACE2 expression and activity, and superimposed disease triggers may be responsible for the observed pathological findings. Additionally, another study reported purpura and livedo racemosa in several severely affected COVID-19 patients with small vessel thrombosis with co-localization of complement and SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins on histopathology [148] .This indicates direct viral infection of the small skin vessels. Circulating plasma concentrations of ACE2 in men and women with heart failure and effects of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-inhibitors: Potential implications for coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infected patients cache = ./cache/cord-317952-4oa9hfb4.txt txt = ./txt/cord-317952-4oa9hfb4.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-318209-llucxztc author = Öztürk, Selçuk title = Therapeutic Applications of Stem Cells and Extracellular Vesicles in Emergency Care: Futuristic Perspectives date = 2020-08-24 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 13633 sentences = 610 flesch = 35 summary = A phase-1 clinical trial investigating autologous BM-derived mononuclear cell (BM-MNC) infusion in pediatric TBI patients indicated that Fig. 1 Main pathological conditions requiring acute emergency care that can benefit from stem cell therapies or extracellular vesicle therapies in the future harvesting and infusion of stem cells is safe in children with no infusion related toxicity or death [30] . The regenerative potential of various types of stem cells, with different sources, dosages, delivery routes, application times and end-points has been investigated in preclinical animal models and human clinical trials with the expectation that these cells would successfully engraft into the damaged brain tissue, differentiate into functional neuronal and vascular system cells and promote full recovery after stroke. A recently published systematic review of 76 studies testing stem cells in rodent ischemic stroke models and 4 randomized human clinical trials encompassing ischemic stroke patients treated with autologous stem cells with at least one year follow-up period demonstrated that stem cell therapies show beneficial effects in terms of behavior and histological outcomes in rodents. cache = ./cache/cord-318209-llucxztc.txt txt = ./txt/cord-318209-llucxztc.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-022526-j9kg00qf author = Jones, Samuel L. title = Disorders of the Gastrointestinal System date = 2009-05-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 108803 sentences = 5988 flesch = 38 summary = Examination of the cardiovascular system (heart, peripheral pulse, and mucous membranes), lungs, and abdomen is essential to detect clinical signs of systemic inflammation from endotoxemia, coagulation disorders, dehydration, ileus, shock, and other abnormalities resulting from injury to the small or large intestine. Several reports suggest the efficacy of cisapride in managing intestinal disease in horses, including the resolution of persistent large colon impaction, treatment of equine grass sickness, and as a preventative for POI in horses after small intestinal surgery (0.1 mg/kg body mass intramuscularly during the postoperative period). 9 Primary role-players in DPJ-associated ileus include peritoneal inflammation, inflammatory cell migration/activation within the muscularis, small intestinal mechanical distention, and effects of endotoxin absorption. Diarrhea probably results from the severe ulceration and inflammation of the large intestine, causing increased secretion of water, electrolytes, and protein and decreased absorption of fluid. cache = ./cache/cord-022526-j9kg00qf.txt txt = ./txt/cord-022526-j9kg00qf.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-010980-sizuef1v author = nan title = ECTES Abstracts 2020 date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 132644 sentences = 8727 flesch = 53 summary = We hypothesized that presentation to a PTC would yield increased mortality when subspecialty intervention was required and that this would be most pronounced at night when in-house attending coverage is absent at all state PTCs. Materials and methods: A review of the Pennsylvania Trauma Outcome Study (PTOS) database was performed to capture patients aged 12-18 who underwent any non-orthopedic trauma surgery. Traumatic subaxial cervical fractures: functional prognostic factors and survival analysis Introduction: The main goal of this study is to identify the risk factors for poor functional outcomes and to analyze the overall survival (OS) and complications rate in patients with traumatic cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) and subaxial cervical fracture (SACF) treated with open surgical fixation. After applying a multiple imputation on all the study variables, a logistic regression generalized estimating equation after adjustment for age, sex, mechanism of trauma, and the injury severity score as covariates and hospitals as a cluster assessed an association between quartile of patient volume in intensive care unit and hospital mortality. cache = ./cache/cord-010980-sizuef1v.txt txt = ./txt/cord-010980-sizuef1v.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-316432-xemz7zn9 author = Talaie, Haleh title = Is there any potential management against COVID-19? A systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-08-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5089 sentences = 261 flesch = 38 summary = METHODS: Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane, and Scholar databases were searched from inception to July 1, 2020, to identify studies reporting the current treatment process and medications (e.g. hydroxychloroquine, antiviral therapy, convalescent plasma, and immunomodulatory agents) for COVID-19. Zhong et al., provided a systematic review and meta-analysis including the therapies for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome (MERS) mainly besides COVID-19 and assessed their safety and efficacy profiles [31] . All types of studies i.e. randomized controlled trials (RCTs), prospective or retrospective cohort studies, and the case series that investigated clinical outcomes and/or viral clearance among adult patients were included to conduct this study. In agreement with previous researches, our meta-analysis results showed that the administration of immunomodulatory agents (especially tocilizumab and anakinra) significantly decreased the mortality rate and ameliorate clinical symptoms in patients with COVID-19 [113, 114] . Virological and clinical cure in COVID-19 patients treated with hydroxychloroquine: a systematic review and meta-analysis cache = ./cache/cord-316432-xemz7zn9.txt txt = ./txt/cord-316432-xemz7zn9.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324388-onc441uw author = Siddiqui, Urooj title = Same-Day Consent for Regional Anesthesia Clinical Research Trials: It’s About Time date = 2020-08-12 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3586 sentences = 170 flesch = 37 summary = Notwithstanding the low-risk nature of participation in most regional anesthesia clinical trials, subject recruitment on the same day as surgery is often prohibited by local research ethics boards (REB) due to their concerns regarding patient autonomy and perceptions of patient vulnerability immediately before surgery that could impact the voluntary nature and the rigor of the informed consent process. cache = ./cache/cord-324388-onc441uw.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324388-onc441uw.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-315598-qwh72inx author = Mendoza, Jose Luis Accini title = ACTUALIZACION DE LA DECLARACIÓN DE CONSENSO EN MEDICINA CRITICA PARA LA ATENCIÓN MULTIDISCIPLINARIA DEL PACIENTE CON SOSPECHA O CONFIRMACIÓN DIAGNÓSTICA DE COVID-19 date = 2020-10-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 69640 sentences = 6489 flesch = 54 summary = De otorgarse un Consentimiento Informado amplio, éste debería ser única y exclusivamente para los procesos asociados con COVID-19".(71) AMCI ® Se recomienda considerar la transición del cuidado intensivo al cuidado paliativo en todo paciente con sospecha o diagnóstico de COVID-19 sin mejoría a pesar de las intervenciones óptimas, con empeoramiento progresivo de su pronóstico vital y ante un evidente deterioro; aplicando medidas generales en control de síntomas ( Manejo de secreciones -Tratamiento del dolor -Tratamiento de la disnea -Sedación paliativa), así como apoyo espiritual, siempre acompañando al paciente y nunca abandonarlo en el final de la vida. En cuanto hace referencia a la situación actual de pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 y compromiso pulmonar; Wu y cols, en Marzo de 2.020 realizaron un estudio retrospectivo de 201 pacientes con COVID-19 en China; para aquellos pacientes que desarrollaron SDRA, el tratamiento con metilprednisolona estuvo asociado con una disminución del riesgo de muerte (23/50 [46%] con esteroides vs 21/34 [62%] sin esteroides; HR, 0.38 [IC 95%, 0.20-0.72]), con las limitaciones de los estudios retrospectivo, de un solo centro, con un limitado número de pacientes (400). cache = ./cache/cord-315598-qwh72inx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-315598-qwh72inx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-326331-g4o3forj author = Rai, Ansaar T title = Neuroendovascular clinical trials disruptions due to COVID-19 potential future challenges and opportunities date = 2020-06-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3459 sentences = 195 flesch = 43 summary = METHODS: A survey-based study focused on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and single-arm studies for acute ischemic stroke and cerebral aneurysms was developed by a group of senior neurointerventionalists and sent to sites identified through the clinical trials website (https://clinicaltrials.gov/), study sponsors, and physician investigators. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) published its guidance on the 'Conduct Of Clinical Trials Of Medical Products During COVID19 Pandemic' for the industry, investigators, and institutional review boards in March 2020 and updated these on April 2, 2020 (https://www. These were identified by the writing group and fell into four categories: general disruption caused by trial suspensions and missed opportunities of enrollment, compromised trial quality due to inability of timely clinical and imaging follow-up, inability to enroll neurologically debilitated patients because legally authorized representatives were not at hand for face to face consent and dated remote consent procedures did not apply and, finally, personal effect of compensation or working conditions on study staff. cache = ./cache/cord-326331-g4o3forj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-326331-g4o3forj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-327738-i400ynjp author = Milner, Ross title = Is it Ethically Appropriate to Continue Surgical Clinical Trials During the COVID-19 Pandemic? EDITED BY DR SARR date = 2020-04-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1751 sentences = 81 flesch = 39 summary = We discuss here the ethics of clinical trial care within the surgical specialties and the the pros and cons of participation in clinical trial during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a specific focus on surgical oncology and vascular surgery. The current need for social distancing and limitations of health care resources has shifted priorities appropriately, but completely halting clinical trials would hinder dramatically the delopment of novel treatment sand leave patients currently enrolled in these trials without access to potentially life-saving medications. Before continuing to enroll patients in surgical trials, we believe that surgeons must carefully consider the type of trial, the institutional status with respect to scarce resources, and the potential risk/benefit ratio to patients and health care workers involved. Medically-necessary, time-sensitive procedures: A scoring system to ethically and efficiently manage resource scarcity and provider risk during the COVID-19 pandemic cache = ./cache/cord-327738-i400ynjp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-327738-i400ynjp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336554-n8n5ii5k author = Singh, Thakur Uttam title = Drug repurposing approach to fight COVID-19 date = 2020-09-05 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 13032 sentences = 690 flesch = 44 summary = Number of drugs such as remdesivir, favipiravir, ribavirin, lopinavir, ritonavir, darunavir, arbidol, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, tocilizumab and interferons have shown inhibitory effects against the SARS-CoV2 in-vitro as well as in clinical conditions. Outbreaks of novel emerging infections such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) have unique challenges in front of the health professionals to select appropriate therapeutics/pharmacological treatments in the clinical setup with very little time available for the new drug discovery [3] . Currently, with the lack of effective agents against SARS-CoV2 as well as public-health emergency, WHO has identified some therapies which doctors and researchers believe are the most promising, such as a combination of two HIV drugs (lopinavir and ritonavir), anti-malarial drugs (chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine), and an experimental antiviral compound remdesivir. Ribavirin at a dose rate of 500 mg 2-3 times/day in combination with other drugs such as lopinavir/ritonavir or interferon (IFN)-α through intravenous route for not more than 10 days made the SARS-CoV2 infected patients more resistant to respiratory distress syndrome as well as death [41] . cache = ./cache/cord-336554-n8n5ii5k.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336554-n8n5ii5k.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-324607-rpwccvqi author = Rojek, Amanda M title = Core Minimal Datasets to Advance Clinical Research for Priority Epidemic Diseases date = 2020-02-15 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1260 sentences = 63 flesch = 39 summary = Among the noteworthy successes of vaccine trials, and the commendable efforts to implement clinical treatment trials during Ebola outbreaks, we should also focus on strengthening the collection and curation of epidemiological and observational data that can improve the conception and design of clinical research. Table 1 identifies some key domains that could contribute to a core minimal dataset that informs clinical trial design for each priority pathogen. While these data have their most important benefits in improving patient management (through better recognition of disease complications and informing supportive care) and public health control, patient-based data are also used to determine key parameters for clinical trials, such as the inclusion criteria, the nature and rate of clinically relevant outcomes, and potential confounders. A systematic review and meta-analysis of patient data from the west Africa (2013-16) Ebola virus disease epidemic cache = ./cache/cord-324607-rpwccvqi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-324607-rpwccvqi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333581-icp0xwhx author = Aziz, Muhammad title = Gastrointestinal predictors of severe COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis date = 2020-07-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4309 sentences = 295 flesch = 49 summary = Articles were selected if they reported data on COVID-19 patients with respect to gastrointestinal symptoms (diarrhea, abdominal pain, and nausea/vomiting) or laboratory findings (serum AST, ALT, or TB). Our meta-analysis demonstrated significant correlations between gastrointestinal parameters (diarrhea, elevated serum ALT, AST and TB) and severe disease outcomes, i.e., respiratory distress, ICU admission, and/or death. • We performed a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of the available literature through May 31 st , 2020 to assess these manifestations with respect to disease severity • Our results indicate that diarrhea, abnormal ALT, AST and TB were associated with severe disease (intensive care unit admission, respiratory distress, and/or mortality) • Based on the current study results, patients with these manifestations should be stratified as highrisk and managed appropriately Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series cache = ./cache/cord-333581-icp0xwhx.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333581-icp0xwhx.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333285-0s6dnm9i author = Noonan, Devon title = Navigating Nonessential Research Trials During COVID19: The Push We Needed For Using Digital Technology To Increase Access For Rural Participants? date = 2020-04-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1082 sentences = 59 flesch = 33 summary = title: Navigating Nonessential Research Trials During COVID19: The Push We Needed For Using Digital Technology To Increase Access For Rural Participants? 1, 2 Thus, despite increased need for effective disease management and health promotion strategies, rural residents are frequently underrepresented in these clinical trials. 3 Second, some rural areas experience systemic barriers to remote clinical trial implementation, such as limited access to Internetenabled mobile devices and requisite bandwidth capacity. When nonessential research activities restart, investigators need to carefully reconsider simply returning to the status quo of solely traditional in-person approaches and develop strategies for implementing protocols, including sample collection, remotely. For example, universities could collaborate with satellite Internet cooperatives to increase access to rural broadband that would support a wide range of public health and clinical care initiatives beyond clinical trial research that would benefit rural areas. Recruitment and participation in clinical trials: socio-demographic, rural/urban, and health care access predictors. cache = ./cache/cord-333285-0s6dnm9i.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333285-0s6dnm9i.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340415-6fte7krp author = Thevarajan, Irani title = Clinical presentation and management of COVID‐19 date = 2020-07-17 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4287 sentences = 244 flesch = 43 summary = In the face of high health care demand during the peak of a pandemic, safe management of low risk patients in the community will likely be essential to preserve hospital capacity for the more severely ill. This position is endorsed by the Australasian Society for Infectious Diseases interim guidelines for the clinical management of COVID-19 in adults, 20 guidelines for the clinical care of people with COVID-19, 19 which state that even where conditional recommendations for use of disease modifying agents are made, whenever possible these should be administered in the context of randomised trials with appropriate ethical approval. 37, 38 However, given the current lack of evidence of clinical benefit and reports of significant limitations of supply of hydroxychloroquine for patients with rheumatological conditions, in March 2020, the Pharmaceutical Society of Australia and the Australasian Society for Infectious Diseases called for immediate cessation of prescribing and dispensing of hydroxychloroquine for indications relating to COVID-19, outside use in approved clinical trials. Specific antiviral therapy in the clinical management of acute respiratory infection with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). cache = ./cache/cord-340415-6fte7krp.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340415-6fte7krp.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-333340-ekok0mp5 author = Graf, Erin H. title = Appropriate Use and Future Directions of Molecular Diagnostic Testing date = 2020-02-06 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5773 sentences = 289 flesch = 33 summary = PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Major technologic advances in two main areas of molecular infectious disease diagnostics have resulted in accelerated adoption or ordering, outpacing implementation, and clinical utility studies. More studies are needed to assess their prospective impacts on patient management and antimicrobial stewardship efforts as the future state of infectious disease diagnostics will see continued expansion of these technologic advances. This review will highlight recent studies developing and applying emerging molecular infectious disease technologies and touch on limited published data on clinical utility and stewardship approaches. Ideally, we would evaluate all of these approaches via randomized controlled trials comparing patient outcomes between conventional microbiologic testing and testing including a syndromic panel; however, very limited studies addressing this have been published [8] . One of the only randomized controlled trials also found no difference in antibiotic usage, including duration, between adults tested via syndromic panel at the point-of-care compared to patients receiving conventional testing in a hospital emergency department and inpatient unit [15] . cache = ./cache/cord-333340-ekok0mp5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-333340-ekok0mp5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331557-8axi74nn author = Raoult, Didier title = What does the future hold for clinical microbiology? date = 2004 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 6513 sentences = 328 flesch = 35 summary = When PCR is used to detect DNA in clinical specimens, microarrays can then be used to identify the amplified products by hybridization to an array that is composed of pathogen-specific probes. Kits are available for the detection and quantification of DNA and RNA in clinical samples, and the technique has been specifically developed to enable the follow-up of patients with HIV and hepatitis C infections (Amplitech AME Bioscience; Bayer Diagnostics; Roche Diagnostics). Mass-spectrometry analysis of base-specific fragmentation patterns of PCRamplified DNA has recently been studied as a technique for the rapid identification of bacterial isolates and for the detection of specific 16S rRNA gene fragments that are amplified from complex environmental samples 35 . These automated microarrays will be suitable both for mass screening of sera in epidemiology studies and in blood banks, and for diagnostics that are carried out on single serum samples in clinical microbiology laboratories. cache = ./cache/cord-331557-8axi74nn.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331557-8axi74nn.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-341801-n11ilz6l author = Wintraub, Lauren title = Wearable technology and live video conferencing: The development of an affordable virtual teaching platform to enhance clinical skills education during the COVID-19 pandemic date = 2020-09-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1175 sentences = 68 flesch = 45 summary = title: Wearable technology and live video conferencing: The development of an affordable virtual teaching platform to enhance clinical skills education during the COVID-19 pandemic As a result, the University of Toronto's medical school has pivoted to teaching clinical skills using online modules and pre-recorded e122 videos of physicians taking patient histories and performing physical examinations. In this commentary, we identify an affordable and user-friendly device-accessory pairing compatible with live VC technology that can be adapted for use throughout medical or other healthcare education programs. Tutors who already own smartphones can easily couple them with institution-provided chest straps and Zoom © accounts to resume group teaching of clinical skills. We have demonstrated that the use of a chestmounted smartphone with Zoom © VC technology is an interactive, accessible, cost-effective, and feasible e124 adaptation for virtual clinical skills teaching in real time. Limitations in virtual clinical skills education for medical students during COVID-19 cache = ./cache/cord-341801-n11ilz6l.txt txt = ./txt/cord-341801-n11ilz6l.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-345371-pjbviagq author = Lisi, Lucia title = Approaching Coronavirus Disease 2019: mechanisms of action of repurposed drugs with potential activity against SARS-CoV-2 date = 2020-07-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 10648 sentences = 512 flesch = 37 summary = The rationale for drug selection was mainly, though not exclusively, based either i) on the activity against other coronaviruses or RNA viruses in order to potentially hamper viral entry and replication in the epithelial cells of the airways, and/or ii) on the ability to modulate the excessive inflammatory reaction deriving from dysregulated host immune responses against the SARS-CoV-2. Here, we review the recently published literature on the pharmacological treatments used so far and/or undergoing evaluation in clinical trials, with focus on the biochemical mechanisms of action of repurposed or investigational drugs, classified as agents directly targeting the virus ( Figure 1 and Table 1 ) and those used to treat the respiratory distress and inflammation associated with the cytokine release syndrome ( Figure 2 and Table 2 ). cache = ./cache/cord-345371-pjbviagq.txt txt = ./txt/cord-345371-pjbviagq.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-325559-di8lljoi author = Cappello, Francesco title = Does SARS-CoV-2 Trigger Stress-Induced Autoimmunity by Molecular Mimicry? A Hypothesis date = 2020-06-29 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5204 sentences = 298 flesch = 44 summary = Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induced disease (COVID-19) is a planetary emergency that is urging many research groups to redirect their efforts and to channel their experience towards understanding its pathogenesis. These human epitopes, in turn, can be recognized by circulating antibodies made against crossreactive microbial antigens; these antibodies behave like autoantibodies, causing the destruction of the stressed cells, representing a typical example of pathology caused by molecular mimicry and manifested as autoimmunity [30] . We hypothesize that, at the basis of the generalized activation of the immune system, there are molecular mimicry phenomena: the antibodies produced against the virus could turn into autoantibodies against crossreactive proteins expressed on human cells, causing autoimmunity with cell destruction. We hypothesize that, at the basis of the generalized activation of the immune system, there are molecular mimicry phenomena: the antibodies produced against the virus could turn into autoantibodies against crossreactive proteins expressed on human cells, causing autoimmunity with cell destruction. cache = ./cache/cord-325559-di8lljoi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-325559-di8lljoi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340028-6oicmeam author = Zhavoronkov, Alex title = Geroprotective and senoremediative strategies to reduce the comorbidity, infection rates, severity, and lethality in gerophilic and gerolavic infections date = 2020-03-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7228 sentences = 366 flesch = 36 summary = Here we compare the expected benefit of treatments for elderly populations (60 years and older) that are currently in development, including standard preventative strategies such as vaccines and antivirals targeting SARS-CoV-2, and the potential added benefit of speculative geroprotective strategies such as rapalogs, NAD+ boosters, senolytics, and stem cell treatment. People >60 years of age with chronic medical conditions, such as type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease, direct immunosuppression from HIV, posttransplant or biologic treatment, pregnant individuals, or those with BMI>40, are believed to be at higher risk for influenza infection due to a weakened immune response [31] . As discussed in this paper, small clinical studies have shown that several geroprotective and senoremediative interventions, such as treatment with AGING sirolimus and rapalogs, can induce immunopotentiation, increase resistance to infection, and reduce disease severity in the elderly, without severe side effects. cache = ./cache/cord-340028-6oicmeam.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340028-6oicmeam.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334773-yw2qgv13 author = Lisco, Giuseppe title = Hypothesized mechanisms explaining poor prognosis in type 2 diabetes patients with COVID-19: a review date = 2020-08-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7901 sentences = 359 flesch = 32 summary = This concern has been further confirmed by the results of a cohort study among 85 fatal cases of COVID-19 in Wuhan, hence defining DM as a potentially harmful comorbidity predisposing to worse clinical course or death once SARS-CoV-2 infection occurred [49] . Different hypothesis should be considered for explaining this clinical phenomenon, including glucose control at baseline and during the infection course, pathophysiology and immune system response in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with T2D, diabetes-related comorbidities and concomitant medications. In conclusion, diabetic patients especially elderly individuals and those with worse baseline glucose control may exhibit immune system dysregulation that predispose them to a less effective response against SARS-CoV-2 and to a dysfunctional inflammation that requires to be carefully monitored in confirmed cases of COVID-19, for preventing or avoiding a harmful progression of the disease. Immune response and systemic inflammation play a crucial role in SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly in case of severe clinical course of the disease. cache = ./cache/cord-334773-yw2qgv13.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334773-yw2qgv13.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-323940-ubazgvov author = Cafiero, Concetta title = Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacogenetics: In Silico Prediction of Drug Effects in Treatments for Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV2 Disease date = 2020-10-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7359 sentences = 408 flesch = 34 summary = Recently, pharmacogenomics (the effects of a single genetic marker) and pharmacogenetics (the collective influence of variability across the genome to modulate an individual's drug response) have received great attention for their abilities to provide a new way to select drugs for personalized therapy (optimal dosing for maximizing drug efficacy or minimizing the risk of toxicity). 35 Search terms were "Covid-19", "novel coronavirus", "SARS-CoV2", "pharmacogenetics", "treatment/s", "adverse side effects", "therapy", "lung", "ocular", "pulmonary infection", "drugs", "drug response", "virus", "candidate drugs", "potential inhibitors", "protease inhibitors", "personalized medicine", "individual therapy", "pneumonia", "ACE", "heparin", "vasculitis", "conjunctivitis", "rhinitis", "hematological complication" and "main metabolic routes", either alone or in combination. Drugs in use as routine therapy or in clinical trials for Covid-19 include steroids and antiviral and biological humanized neutralizing antibodies against some proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL1, IL6, IFN, and TNFα, in addition to supportive measures and symptomatic treatment, according to the severity of the disease. cache = ./cache/cord-323940-ubazgvov.txt txt = ./txt/cord-323940-ubazgvov.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-344705-co0nk7pt author = Eichler, Hans‐Georg title = Clinical trials for Covid‐19: can we better use the short window of opportunity? date = 2020-05-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 2988 sentences = 140 flesch = 44 summary = We here discuss actions that all stakeholders in the clinical trial ecosystem need to take to ensure that the window of opportunity during this pandemic will not shut, both for patients in need of treatment and for researchers to conduct decision‐relevant clinical trials. Many small stand-alone trials and observational studies of single-agent interventions are currently running or in planning; many of these will likely not deliver robust results that could support regulatory and patient-level treatment decisions. We here discuss actions that all stakeholders in the clinical trial ecosystem need to take to ensure that the window of opportunity during this pandemic will not shut, both for patients in need of treatment and for researchers to conduct decision-relevant clinical trials. Now is the time to ensure that the window of opportunity will not shut, both for patients in need of treatment and for researchers to conduct clinical trials that deliver. cache = ./cache/cord-344705-co0nk7pt.txt txt = ./txt/cord-344705-co0nk7pt.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-319933-yp9ofhi8 author = Ruiz, Sara I. title = Chapter 38 Animal Models of Human Viral Diseases date = 2013-12-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 28834 sentences = 1797 flesch = 46 summary = An experimental study with cell culture-adapted hepatitis Avirus in guinea pigs challenged by oral or intraperitoneal routes did not result in clinical disease, increase in liver enzymes, or seroconversion. 32 NHPs including marmosets, cotton-top tamarins, and rhesus macaques infected with Norwalk virus can be monitored for the extent of viral shedding; however, no clinical disease is observed in these models. 66, 67 Intracerebral and intranasal routes of infection resulted in a fatal disease that was highly dependent on dose, while intradermal and subcutaneous inoculations caused only 50% fatality in mice regardless of the amount of virus. A mouse-adapted (MA) strain of Dengue virus 2 introduced into AG129 mice developed vascular leak syndrome similar to the severe disease seen in humans. [138] [139] [140] [141] [142] [143] [144] Inoculation of WNV into NHPs intracerebrally resulted in the development of either encephalitis, febrile disease, or an asymptomatic infection, depending on the virus strain and dose. cache = ./cache/cord-319933-yp9ofhi8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-319933-yp9ofhi8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-354216-4khdcjed author = Sultan, Shahnaz title = AGA Institute Rapid Review of the GI and Liver Manifestations of COVID-19, Meta-Analysis of International Data, and Recommendations for the Consultative Management of Patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-05-11 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5641 sentences = 336 flesch = 45 summary = Abstract Background Multiple gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms including diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, and abdominal pain, as well liver enzyme abnormalities have been variably reported in patients with COVID-19. The AGA) Institute Clinical Guideline Committee and Clinical Practice Updates Committee performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of international data on GI and liver manifestations of COVID-19. 4 More recent data from a cohort of 5700 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 within a large healthcare system in New York City revealed common comorbidities including hypertension (56.6%), obesity (41.7%), and diabetes (33.8%), and reported that 373 (14.2%) of patients required treatment in the intensive care unit, and 320 (12.2%) received invasive mechanical ventilation, in whom the mortality was 88.1% (282/320)]. Also, many of the studies in this analysis did not report on how many patients had underlying liver disease and if these patients were at an elevated risk of having increased LFTs in the setting of COVID-19 infection. cache = ./cache/cord-354216-4khdcjed.txt txt = ./txt/cord-354216-4khdcjed.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353330-j00jj2og author = Rej, Robert title = Clinical Chemistry through Clinical Chemistry: A Journal Timeline date = 2004-12-01 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 5653 sentences = 393 flesch = 55 summary = It may be happenstance that their tenures were contemporaneous with reasonably defined advances and achievements in the field: "Managing Editor" Appleton (1955) (1956) (1957) (1958) (1959) (1960) (1961) (1962) (1963) (1964) (1965) (1966) (1967) (1968) (1969) with the period establishing the discipline as we know it today and with the automation of classical chemistry procedures; "Executive Editor" King (1970 King ( -1990 coincided with advances in immunoassay, computer-assisted techniques, and new instrumentation; and our current adjectiveless "Editor" Bruns (1991-) has been coeval with applications of molecular biology and evidence-based medicine. AACC establishes a bimonthly scientific journal-Clinical Chemistry-"to raise the level at which chemistry is practiced in the clinical laboratory; to stimulate the development of new methods for use in the clinical laboratory; to encourage those engaged in this field to pursue advanced studies so as more effectively to render service to the public; and to create and maintain a forum where clinical chemists may exchange ideas and information concerning their scientific, technical and professional problems." The first volume comprises some 430 pages. cache = ./cache/cord-353330-j00jj2og.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353330-j00jj2og.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-340656-ltd6ueoi author = Grant, Michael C. title = The prevalence of symptoms in 24,410 adults infected by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis of 148 studies from 9 countries date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3435 sentences = 199 flesch = 48 summary = title: The prevalence of symptoms in 24,410 adults infected by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis of 148 studies from 9 countries Furthermore, with few included studies (30 in the largest and most recent [12] ), the range of symptoms were limited and the estimates of prevalence are likely to be upwardly biased because only unwell patients (largely those admitted to hospital) were tested in the early phase of the outbreak. We excluded case reports, articles which failed to disaggregate symptoms in adult and paediatric cohorts, studies of patients with prior respiratory infections (e.g. tuberculosis) or co-infections with other viruses (e.g. similar viruses SARS-CoV-1 or HCoV-EMC/2012, etc) and articles which we are unable to translate to English in a timely fashion. Clinical characteristics of laboratory confirmed positive cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan, China: A retrospective single center analysis Epidemiological, clinical and virological characteristics of 74 cases of coronavirus-infected disease 2019 (COVID-19) with gastrointestinal symptoms cache = ./cache/cord-340656-ltd6ueoi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-340656-ltd6ueoi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-332078-vl309ss7 author = Cipollaro, Lucio title = Musculoskeletal symptoms in SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) patients date = 2020-05-18 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1417 sentences = 88 flesch = 34 summary = Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis Clinical characteristics of laboratory confirmed positive cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan, China: A retrospective single center analysis Epidemiological, clinical and virological characteristics of 74 cases of coronavirus-infected disease 2019 (COVID-19) with gastrointestinal symptoms Clinical characteristics and outcomes of older patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China (2019): a single-centered, retrospective study Clinical characteristics of COVID-19-infected cancer patients: a retrospective case study in three hospitals within Wuhan, China Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series Clinical characteristics of non-critically ill patients with novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in a Fangcang Hospital Analysis of epidemiological and clinical features in older patients with Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) out of Wuhan A cross-sectional comparison of epidemiological and clinical features of patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Wuhan and outside Wuhan, China cache = ./cache/cord-332078-vl309ss7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-332078-vl309ss7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-331268-kzy33hdb author = Lynch, Sharon G. title = Multiple sclerosis date = 1996-01-31 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 13844 sentences = 885 flesch = 47 summary = Abnormalities in the cerebral hemispheres are frequently periventricular in distribution and only occasionally correlate with specific symptoms or signs.6,7 The accumulation of lesions in the frontal lobes is associated with a decline in memory.8 In addition, a change in the number of lesions on cranial MR images correlates with a change in overall clinical status as measured with standard scales.g Observations made with MRI are having a marked impact on both our basic knowledge of MS and on therapeutic trialsJo MRI studies will provide considerable insight into the natural history of the disease and will be an excellent independent variable in future clinical trials. Signs and symptoms that commonly occur as MS progresses include vertigo, tremor, incoordination, increasing spasticity, depression, mood swings, cognitive abnormalities, impotence or other sexual dysfunction, weakness, Lhermitte's sign, gait abnormalities, constipation, urinary incontinence, optic nerve pallor, fatigue, quadriparesis, dysarthria, loss of upper extremity coordination, and dysesthetic pain (Table 1) . cache = ./cache/cord-331268-kzy33hdb.txt txt = ./txt/cord-331268-kzy33hdb.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-343715-y594iewi author = Gavriatopoulou, Maria title = Organ-specific manifestations of COVID-19 infection date = 2020-07-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8765 sentences = 447 flesch = 38 summary = Patients infected with this new coronavirus present with a variety of symptoms, which range from asymptomatic disease to mild and moderate symptoms (mild pneumonia), severe symptoms (dyspnoea, hypoxia, or > 50% lung involvement on imaging) and symptoms of critical illness (acute respiratory distress syndrome, respiratory failure, shock or multiorgan system dysfunction). A large retrospective observational study from China showed that among 214 hospitalized patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, 36.4% had neurological manifestations [114] . The correlation of disease severity with neurological symptoms was confirmed by another retrospective study from France, reporting a prevalence of 84% of neurological manifestations in 58 hospitalized patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to COVID-19 [115] . Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series cache = ./cache/cord-343715-y594iewi.txt txt = ./txt/cord-343715-y594iewi.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-347189-i9rzo3j0 author = Lorusso, Domenica title = Clinical research disruption in the post-COVID-19 era: will the pandemic lead to change? date = 2020-10-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 3312 sentences = 162 flesch = 42 summary = The COVID-19 pandemic suggests that it is possible to alleviate redundancy in clinical trials, and while preserving the rigour of a study, can offer a new, less burdened and more inclusive vision of clinical research for the scientific community of tomorrow. Data from China reported that patients with cancer who are infected with COVID-19 are at 3.5 times the risk of requiring mechanical ventilation or intensive care unit (ICU) admission, compared with the general population. 4 Although conversion to telemedicine has maintained the continuity of care for many patients, the COVID-19 pandemic has massively disrupted clinical research and many cancer centres halted clinical trial activities including patient recruitment. COVID-19 has pointed out that sometimes, high level of bureaucracy in research rules place unnecessary burdens on patients and clinicians and it suggests that it is time to alleviate bureaucracy and introduce some practical changes into research organisation that will possibly promote patient access to trials and reduce the costs of the clinical research. cache = ./cache/cord-347189-i9rzo3j0.txt txt = ./txt/cord-347189-i9rzo3j0.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-349210-8t4a5qqo author = Ji, Ping title = Immunomodulatory Therapeutic Proteins in COVID‐19: Current Clinical Development and Clinical Pharmacology Considerations date = 2020-08-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7698 sentences = 436 flesch = 40 summary = Immunomodulatory biological therapies are being evaluated in clinical trials for the management of the systemic inflammatory response and pulmonary complications in patients with advanced stages of COVID‐19. A randomized, open-label, controlled trial for the efficacy and safety of adalimumab in patients with elevated TNF-α levels in the critical stages of severe COVID-19 is ongoing in Shanghai, China, with the main outcome of time to clinical improvement. A Phase 2 trial of the efficacy and safety of infliximab was initiated to evaluate whether early institution of TNF-α inhibitor therapy in patients with severe COVID-19 infections could prevent further clinical deterioration and reduce the need for advanced cardiorespiratory support and early mortality at a 5 mg/kg IV single dose. extrinsic factors ( Route of administration: As described before, the immunomodulatory therapeutic proteins currently in clinical trials for the treatment of COVID-19 mostly are directed towards patients with moderate and severe stages of the disease. cache = ./cache/cord-349210-8t4a5qqo.txt txt = ./txt/cord-349210-8t4a5qqo.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348244-1py0k53e author = Buyse, Marc title = Central statistical monitoring of investigator-led clinical trials in oncology date = 2020-06-23 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4050 sentences = 181 flesch = 45 summary = We describe the principles of central statistical monitoring, provide examples of its use, and argue that it could help drive down the cost of randomized clinical trials, especially investigator-led trials, whilst improving their quality. Yet, there is no evidence showing that extensive data monitoring has any major impact on the quality of clinical-trial data, and none of the randomized studies assessing more intensive versus less intensive monitoring has shown any difference in terms of clinically relevant treatment outcomes [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] . Both types of trials may benefit from central statistical monitoring of the data; industry-sponsored trials to target centers that are detected as having potential data quality issues, which may require an on-site audit, and investigatorled trials as the primary method for checking data quality. An evidence-based study of the cost for data monitoring in clinical trials A statistical approach to central monitoring of data quality in clinical trials cache = ./cache/cord-348244-1py0k53e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348244-1py0k53e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-352177-05sku8a8 author = Pahus, Laurie title = Patient distrust in pharmaceutical companies: an explanation for women under-representation in respiratory clinical trials? date = 2020-08-13 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4115 sentences = 208 flesch = 36 summary = To additionally explain patient willingness to participate in new-drug studies or research associated with pharmaceutical companies or with public institutions, further models used the same predictive variables as for the first model, plus distrustgroup-membership as an additional explanatory variable. Our study aimed at evaluating variables associated with patient willingness to participate in different categories of clinical trials and at identifying a potential recruitment bias in clinical trials related to patient distrust in the pharmaceutical industry and healthcare systems. Several studies have previously evaluated such rates and highlighted that altruism, hope for personal benefit, contribution to advances in science as well as financial benefit are the main reasons for agreeing to participate, whereas fear of adverse events, impossibility to cope with the logistic constraints accompanying participation, poor knowledge about or negative perception of clinical trials and distrust in pharmaceutical industry are potential barriers [20] [21] [22] [23] . Distrust in pharmaceutical companies is associated with a specific patient profile and with refusal to participate in pre-marketing industry-sponsored drug trials. cache = ./cache/cord-352177-05sku8a8.txt txt = ./txt/cord-352177-05sku8a8.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-334433-oudvxb4d author = Beane, Joal D. title = Conducting Clinical Trials in the Time of a Pandemic date = 2020-06-08 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 1883 sentences = 113 flesch = 44 summary = Responses to mitigate the effects of the pandemichave included: 1) thedevelopment of strategies to support research programs during unforeseen economic loss, 2)establishment of institutionalguidelines for clinical trials, 3)measures to ensure a healthy clinical research team, 4) useof innovative technologies to maintain access to clinical trials, 5) amendment of protocols to avoid costly trial closures, and 6) the strategic reopening of suspended clinical trials. Efforts to modify protocols in order to comply with the emergency public health response and the guidelines established by the FDA and IRBareencouraged.Investigators need to prioritize collection of data, focusing on the primary endpoint and important secondary endpoints to remain in compliance.Clinical protocols should be reexamined thoroughly and amendments should be made to reduce superfluous clinical visits.While many protocol changes typically required an amendment and lengthy review process, to avoid costly delays, reviews of amendments at our institution are being waived or expedited if the adjustment pertains to patient safety in the setting of COVID-19. cache = ./cache/cord-334433-oudvxb4d.txt txt = ./txt/cord-334433-oudvxb4d.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350793-bftztg0e author = Nizami, Shermeen title = Implementation of Artifact Detection in Critical Care: A Methodological Review date = 2018-04-30 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 7221 sentences = 443 flesch = 43 summary = Review results show that most published algorithms: (a) are designed for one specific type of CCU; (b) are validated on data harvested only from one Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) monitor; (c) generate Signal Quality Indicators (SQI) that are not yet formalised for useful integration in clinical workflows; (d) operate either in standalone mode or coupled with CED or PD applications; (e) are rarely evaluated in real-time; and (f) are not implemented in clinical practice. In conclusion, it is recommended that AD algorithms conform to generic input and output interfaces with commonly defined data: (1) type; (2) frequency; (3) length; and (4) SQIs. This shall promote (a) reusability of algorithms across different CCU domains; (b) evaluation on different OEM monitor data; (c) fair comparison through formalised SQIs; (d) meaningful integration with other AD, CED and PD algorithms; and (e) real-time implementation in clinical workflows. cache = ./cache/cord-350793-bftztg0e.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350793-bftztg0e.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-336563-hwemigk7 author = Bhimraj, Adarsh title = Infectious Diseases Society of America Guidelines on the Treatment and Management of Patients with COVID-19 date = 2020-04-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8308 sentences = 448 flesch = 42 summary = Given the rapidity of emerging literature, IDSA identified the need to develop living, frequently updated evidence-based guidelines to support patients, clinicians and other health-care professionals in their decisions about treatment and management of patients with COVID-19. Two RCTs of patients with confirmed COVID-19 with mild pneumonia (e.g., positive CT scan without oxygen requirement) or non-severe infection admitted to the hospital treated with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) reported on mortality at 14 days, clinical progression (radiological progression on CT scan), clinical improvement, failure of virologic clearance (PCR), and adverse events (both) [11, 12] (Table 1 ). In addition, we identified four publications describing three trials of combination treatment with HCQ plus azithromycin (AZ) among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 reporting on the outcomes of mortality, failure of virologic clearance (assessed with PCR test), and adverse events (i.e., significant QT prolongation leading to treatment discontinuation) [13] [14] [15] [16] (Table 2) . cache = ./cache/cord-336563-hwemigk7.txt txt = ./txt/cord-336563-hwemigk7.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353528-8a3f5hxu author = Levy, Oren title = Shattering barriers toward clinically meaningful MSC therapies date = 2020-07-22 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 13100 sentences = 546 flesch = 34 summary = Although the mechanism of action in human patients is not well elucidated, results from pre-clinical studies of Alofisel indicate that induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in the presence of inflammatory factors such as interferon- (IFN-) is critical for the therapeutic effect of MSCs. This is because the enzymatic activity of IDO can inhibit T cell function and proliferation and increase the number of regulatory T cells, leading to an increase in anti-inflammatory cytokines [e.g., interleukin-10 (IL-10)] and decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines [e.g., IFN- and tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-)] (14) . (64) reported that MSCs genetically engineered to express thioredoxin-1 (Trx1)-a powerful antioxidant, transcription factor, and growth factor regulator-improved cardiac function following MI in a rat model compared to unmodified MSCs. Although preclinical Priming MSCs with small molecules is a simple and promising approach to induce the secretion of immunomodulatory and regenerative molecules, but the effect of small molecules only lasts a few hours to a few days. cache = ./cache/cord-353528-8a3f5hxu.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353528-8a3f5hxu.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-348137-dzmbfp2g author = Bi, Qifang title = Characterization of clinical progression of COVID-19 patients in Shenzhen, China date = 2020-04-27 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 4551 sentences = 215 flesch = 48 summary = Using data from Shenzhen, China, where all cases were monitored in hospital and symptom profiles and clinical and lab results were available starting from early stages of clinical course, we characterized clinical progression of COVID-19 cases and determined important predictors for faster clinical progression to key clinical events and longer use of medical resources. We estimate time from symptom onset to key clinical events, such as first clinical diagnosis, progression to severe clinical stages, development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), admission to the critical care unit (ICU), and discharge. The primary endpoints in this study include patients' time from symptom onset to clinical progression beyond the moderate stage, ICU admission, invasive ventilator use, and discharge. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.22.20076190 doi: medRxiv preprint Table 3 : The association of demographic characteristics, baseline comorbidity, initial symptoms, and initial lab results with rate of clinical progression to severe stage, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and ICU admission . cache = ./cache/cord-348137-dzmbfp2g.txt txt = ./txt/cord-348137-dzmbfp2g.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-342756-rgm9ffpk author = Senger, Mario Roberto title = COVID-19: molecular targets, drug repurposing and new avenues for drug discovery date = 2020-10-02 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 16108 sentences = 1024 flesch = 51 summary = Here, we aimed at presenting a critical view of ongoing drug repurposing efforts for COVID-19 as well as discussing opportunities for development of new treatments based on current knowledge of the mechanism of infection and potential targets within. In the following topic, we will review SARS-CoV-2 structure and mechanism of infection in order to discuss molecular targets from the virus or its human host that are being considered for drug repurposing and perhaps future development of new drugs. (128) Its role as a functional receptor of SARS-CoV-2 S protein in host cells makes this protein a potential drug target to treat COVID-19. (138) TMPRSS2 has a major role in SARS-CoV-2 cell entry and replication, and thus represents an interesting therapeutic target since its inhibitors could potentially block virus infection in its initial stages. (199) A robust preclinical drug discovery pipeline comprising in vitro, and in vivo models of SARS-CoV-2 infection is particularly important to identify new antivirals for human COVID-19 treatment. cache = ./cache/cord-342756-rgm9ffpk.txt txt = ./txt/cord-342756-rgm9ffpk.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-353887-f4yd7guj author = Tang, Yujun title = Cytokine Storm in COVID-19: The Current Evidence and Treatment Strategies date = 2020-07-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 8532 sentences = 461 flesch = 44 summary = Besides, corticosteroids, programmed cell death protein (PD)-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibition, cytokine-adsorption devices, intravenous immunoglobulin, and antimalarial agents could be potentially useful and reliable approaches to counteract cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients. In this review, we referred COVID-19 associated cytokine storm as the patients who are severely ill along with a high concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The innate and adaptive immune responses activated by SARS-CoV-2 infection lead to uncontrolled inflammatory responses and ultimately cause the cytokine storm (14) . MERS-CoV infects the cells mentioned above to induce delayed (but increased) levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-2) and chemokines (e.g., CCL2, CCL3) (27, 30) . Although SARS-CoV is abortive in macrophages and DCs, the virus induces an increase in levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (31, 32) . A comment and a meta-analysis, which mainly bases on the evidence of SARS and MERS (64, 65) , stated that corticosteroid would increase mortality and delayed clearance of viral in coronavirus infection diseases. cache = ./cache/cord-353887-f4yd7guj.txt txt = ./txt/cord-353887-f4yd7guj.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-346539-kxnrf5g5 author = Riggioni, Carmen title = A compendium answering 150 questions on COVID‐19 and SARS‐CoV‐2 date = 2020-06-14 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 15760 sentences = 1112 flesch = 48 summary = This paper answers pressing questions, formulated by young clinicians and scientists, on SARS‐CoV‐2, COVID‐19 and allergy, focusing on the following topics: virology, immunology, diagnosis, management of patients with allergic disease and asthma, treatment, clinical trials, drug discovery, vaccine development and epidemiology. The first cases of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) , caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), were reported in China in December 2019 1 and rapidly led to pandemic. 40, 41 A seroconversion study in COVID-19 patients has found and association between disease severity and SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA levels. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy may potentiate the low IFN-I and -III levels and moderate IFN-stimulated gene response reported in SARS-CoV-2-infected ferrets and COVID-19 patients. Effect of High vs Low Doses of Chloroquine Diphosphate as Adjunctive Therapy for Patients Hospitalized With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection: A Randomized Clinical Trial cache = ./cache/cord-346539-kxnrf5g5.txt txt = ./txt/cord-346539-kxnrf5g5.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-026031-hnf5vayd author = Ford, Richard B. title = Emergency Care date = 2009-05-21 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 112343 sentences = 6645 flesch = 44 summary = Fresh whole blood Coagulopathy with active hemorrhage (disseminated intravascular coagulation, thrombocytopenia; massive acute hemorrhage; no stored blood available) Stored whole blood Massive acute or ongoing hemorrhage; hypovolemic shock caused by hemorrhage that is unresponsive to conventional crystalloid and colloid fluid therapy; unavailability of equipment required to prepare blood components Packed red blood cells Nonregenerative anemia, immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, correction of anemia before surgery, acute or chronic blood loss Fresh frozen plasma Factor depletion associated with active hemorrhage (congenital: von Willebrand's factor, hemophilia A, hemophilia B; acquired: vitamin K antagonist, rodenticide intoxication, DIC); acute or chronic hypoproteinemia (burns, wound exudates, body cavity effusion; hepatic, renal, or gastrointestinal loss); colostrum replacement in neonates Frozen plasma Acute plasma or protein loss; chronic hypoproteinemia; (contains stable colostrum replacement in neonates; hemophilia B and clotting factors) selected clotting factor deficiencies Platelet-rich plasma* Thrombocytopenia with active hemorrhage (immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, DIC); platelet function abnormality (congenital: thrombasthenia in Bassett hounds; acquired: NSAIDs, other drugs) Cryoprecipitate cache = ./cache/cord-026031-hnf5vayd.txt txt = ./txt/cord-026031-hnf5vayd.txt === reduce.pl bib === id = cord-350571-6tapkjb6 author = nan title = 45th ESCP-NSF international symposium on clinical pharmacy: clinical pharmacy tackling inequalities and access to health care. Oslo, Norway, 5–7 October 2016 date = 2017-01-10 pages = extension = .txt mime = text/plain words = 106013 sentences = 6203 flesch = 48 summary = Possible solutions might be to use shared communication tools like Internet based communication programs and to introduce the patient as a participant at the IMRs. Please specify your abstract type: Research abstract Background and objective: International good pharmacy practice guidelines describe how pharmacists should counsel the patients about their medicines, offer additional services where needed, and intervene at drug related problems. Please specify your abstract type: Descriptive abstract (for projects) Background and objective: In order to improve the medication reconciliation and to implement training programs for the medical team in an associated to general hospital nursing (ASNH) home we measured the discrepancies between pharmacy registered treatments (PRT) and medical prescriptions (MP), and we analysed potentially inappropriate prescriptions according to ''American Geriatrics Society 2015 Beers Criteria'' and ''STOPP-START 2014 criteria. cache = ./cache/cord-350571-6tapkjb6.txt txt = ./txt/cord-350571-6tapkjb6.txt ===== Reducing email addresses cord-003878-nmyyt51x cord-000843-e1bn79ui cord-255746-ir73lpi8 cord-029332-yn603pvb cord-300325-f3eomugb cord-001221-due9tloa cord-014687-0am4l5ms Creating transaction Updating adr table ===== Reducing keywords cord-003316-r5te5xob cord-003878-nmyyt51x cord-021453-vf8xbaug cord-011282-hgzneooy cord-014337-nnuvrb6o cord-021494-9glqvzfx cord-001687-paax8pqh cord-007331-wccmeaep cord-015334-8p124rwp cord-022203-t2f0vr1w cord-031188-btrc3k4c cord-017331-ru7mvfc0 cord-026009-rdhuc2n2 cord-029547-9ei1ram3 cord-007321-7gi6xrci cord-018335-4l7scdqk cord-002626-jzwwses4 cord-266469-n484zqq1 cord-022520-ebj51v9o cord-258049-l55mx4lp cord-022034-o27mh4wz cord-262843-i0cy7467 cord-023165-f6o6owg3 cord-255746-ir73lpi8 cord-023367-ujflw19b cord-258281-gxwk8jq9 cord-267608-0odu8lus cord-253295-82ydczid cord-000843-e1bn79ui cord-260993-udajtsmm cord-023913-pnjhi8cu cord-021555-rrverrsj cord-274283-ukhgs6z1 cord-263936-8yud5o6c cord-276255-0ofsa40u cord-289520-i6pv90s9 cord-258029-gyvg7ffa cord-029332-yn603pvb cord-277528-t0tglg0a cord-255140-3dwqqgv1 cord-266730-mio282vy cord-255139-hswef5ky cord-023528-z9rc0ubj cord-310205-j57x9ke6 cord-022555-a7ie82fs cord-282131-wap7lo05 cord-276740-4wwo9tho cord-282261-wcmc5mh6 cord-282202-q2q4vies cord-280093-w71e0ex9 cord-282298-8tcw3cll cord-287607-d3k26aar cord-273973-3uxg97tu cord-279559-mob8dbcr cord-281391-0qkku2jd cord-272727-a5ngjuyz cord-022467-j2trahab cord-262784-r9gq2oan cord-310027-846vp7ii cord-276495-q22jnkn2 cord-296692-t5p09le8 cord-311806-3zy5kgo5 cord-283545-vu8lt3w6 cord-283202-5fq1wxz8 cord-283779-mudwcypl cord-309080-1r8t8yxv cord-001221-due9tloa cord-274481-k1dp1ilv cord-300325-f3eomugb cord-009664-kb9fnbgy cord-308284-r546ypur cord-274802-7ioiwsd8 cord-280431-tuzdng4h cord-279255-v861kk0i cord-034340-3ksfpaf7 cord-312677-rwznqiib cord-014687-0am4l5ms cord-299082-s8bm40vy cord-316647-jj8anf5g cord-293151-g3758oes cord-298899-lkrmg5qr cord-022754-ehq9qnoo cord-306351-ka6asw3m cord-304479-uxp1kg86 cord-308421-22rcptor cord-315730-fzgxuak7 cord-316886-qzka2dqm cord-316029-z708c3ex cord-310150-j1mvr9r9 cord-317952-4oa9hfb4 cord-319805-b6ypt5d0 cord-316432-xemz7zn9 cord-318209-llucxztc cord-022526-j9kg00qf cord-010980-sizuef1v cord-324388-onc441uw cord-326331-g4o3forj cord-315598-qwh72inx cord-327738-i400ynjp cord-333581-icp0xwhx cord-333340-ekok0mp5 cord-336554-n8n5ii5k cord-340415-6fte7krp cord-331557-8axi74nn cord-341801-n11ilz6l cord-345371-pjbviagq cord-324607-rpwccvqi cord-325559-di8lljoi cord-333285-0s6dnm9i cord-340028-6oicmeam cord-319933-yp9ofhi8 cord-323940-ubazgvov cord-334773-yw2qgv13 cord-344705-co0nk7pt cord-354216-4khdcjed cord-353330-j00jj2og cord-331268-kzy33hdb cord-332078-vl309ss7 cord-343715-y594iewi cord-340656-ltd6ueoi cord-347189-i9rzo3j0 cord-349210-8t4a5qqo cord-348244-1py0k53e cord-352177-05sku8a8 cord-334433-oudvxb4d cord-350793-bftztg0e cord-346539-kxnrf5g5 cord-336563-hwemigk7 cord-353528-8a3f5hxu cord-348137-dzmbfp2g cord-353887-f4yd7guj cord-026031-hnf5vayd cord-342756-rgm9ffpk cord-350571-6tapkjb6 Creating transaction Updating wrd table ===== Reducing urls cord-003316-r5te5xob cord-031188-btrc3k4c cord-014337-nnuvrb6o cord-017331-ru7mvfc0 cord-002626-jzwwses4 cord-255746-ir73lpi8 cord-023913-pnjhi8cu cord-021555-rrverrsj cord-274283-ukhgs6z1 cord-258029-gyvg7ffa cord-289520-i6pv90s9 cord-255140-3dwqqgv1 cord-266730-mio282vy cord-022555-a7ie82fs cord-282202-q2q4vies cord-310027-846vp7ii cord-311806-3zy5kgo5 cord-276495-q22jnkn2 cord-274481-k1dp1ilv cord-308284-r546ypur cord-001221-due9tloa cord-009664-kb9fnbgy cord-280431-tuzdng4h cord-034340-3ksfpaf7 cord-312677-rwznqiib cord-279255-v861kk0i cord-293151-g3758oes cord-022754-ehq9qnoo cord-298899-lkrmg5qr cord-319805-b6ypt5d0 cord-326331-g4o3forj cord-333340-ekok0mp5 cord-345371-pjbviagq cord-323940-ubazgvov cord-010980-sizuef1v cord-340028-6oicmeam cord-352177-05sku8a8 cord-336563-hwemigk7 cord-342756-rgm9ffpk cord-348137-dzmbfp2g cord-353887-f4yd7guj cord-350571-6tapkjb6 Creating transaction Updating url table ===== Reducing named entities cord-003316-r5te5xob cord-003878-nmyyt51x cord-011282-hgzneooy cord-014337-nnuvrb6o cord-021494-9glqvzfx cord-001687-paax8pqh cord-007331-wccmeaep cord-031188-btrc3k4c cord-022203-t2f0vr1w cord-021453-vf8xbaug cord-029547-9ei1ram3 cord-007321-7gi6xrci cord-026009-rdhuc2n2 cord-015334-8p124rwp cord-018335-4l7scdqk cord-002626-jzwwses4 cord-266469-n484zqq1 cord-258049-l55mx4lp cord-022034-o27mh4wz cord-262843-i0cy7467 cord-022520-ebj51v9o cord-017331-ru7mvfc0 cord-255746-ir73lpi8 cord-023165-f6o6owg3 cord-258281-gxwk8jq9 cord-267608-0odu8lus cord-253295-82ydczid cord-260993-udajtsmm cord-023367-ujflw19b cord-274283-ukhgs6z1 cord-263936-8yud5o6c cord-023913-pnjhi8cu cord-258029-gyvg7ffa cord-276255-0ofsa40u cord-289520-i6pv90s9 cord-000843-e1bn79ui cord-029332-yn603pvb cord-277528-t0tglg0a cord-255140-3dwqqgv1 cord-266730-mio282vy cord-021555-rrverrsj cord-255139-hswef5ky cord-310205-j57x9ke6 cord-023528-z9rc0ubj cord-282131-wap7lo05 cord-276740-4wwo9tho cord-282261-wcmc5mh6 cord-282202-q2q4vies cord-280093-w71e0ex9 cord-282298-8tcw3cll cord-273973-3uxg97tu cord-287607-d3k26aar cord-022555-a7ie82fs cord-279559-mob8dbcr cord-281391-0qkku2jd cord-262784-r9gq2oan cord-022467-j2trahab cord-272727-a5ngjuyz cord-310027-846vp7ii cord-276495-q22jnkn2 cord-311806-3zy5kgo5 cord-296692-t5p09le8 cord-309080-1r8t8yxv cord-283202-5fq1wxz8 cord-283779-mudwcypl cord-300325-f3eomugb cord-283545-vu8lt3w6 cord-274481-k1dp1ilv cord-001221-due9tloa cord-308284-r546ypur cord-274802-7ioiwsd8 cord-280431-tuzdng4h cord-034340-3ksfpaf7 cord-316647-jj8anf5g cord-279255-v861kk0i cord-312677-rwznqiib cord-299082-s8bm40vy cord-293151-g3758oes cord-304479-uxp1kg86 cord-009664-kb9fnbgy cord-014687-0am4l5ms cord-298899-lkrmg5qr cord-308421-22rcptor cord-306351-ka6asw3m cord-316886-qzka2dqm cord-310150-j1mvr9r9 cord-316029-z708c3ex cord-319805-b6ypt5d0 cord-315730-fzgxuak7 cord-317952-4oa9hfb4 cord-316432-xemz7zn9 cord-318209-llucxztc cord-324388-onc441uw cord-326331-g4o3forj cord-327738-i400ynjp cord-333285-0s6dnm9i cord-022754-ehq9qnoo cord-336554-n8n5ii5k cord-345371-pjbviagq cord-331557-8axi74nn cord-341801-n11ilz6l cord-333581-icp0xwhx cord-333340-ekok0mp5 cord-324607-rpwccvqi cord-325559-di8lljoi cord-315598-qwh72inx cord-340415-6fte7krp 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cord-343715-y594iewi cord-350793-bftztg0e cord-293151-g3758oes cord-034340-3ksfpaf7 cord-331268-kzy33hdb cord-336563-hwemigk7 cord-353528-8a3f5hxu cord-353887-f4yd7guj cord-021555-rrverrsj cord-342756-rgm9ffpk cord-346539-kxnrf5g5 cord-022555-a7ie82fs cord-319933-yp9ofhi8 cord-000843-e1bn79ui cord-009664-kb9fnbgy cord-315598-qwh72inx cord-022754-ehq9qnoo cord-001221-due9tloa cord-014687-0am4l5ms cord-022526-j9kg00qf cord-350571-6tapkjb6 cord-026031-hnf5vayd cord-010980-sizuef1v Creating transaction Updating pos table Building ./etc/reader.txt cord-026031-hnf5vayd cord-350571-6tapkjb6 cord-010980-sizuef1v cord-026031-hnf5vayd cord-021555-rrverrsj cord-022526-j9kg00qf number of items: 134 sum of words: 2,258,338 average size in words: 16,853 average readability score: 42 nouns: patients; disease; treatment; infection; study; cases; diagnosis; patient; results; therapy; signs; imaging; use; studies; blood; liver; care; data; time; virus; risk; cells; cats; days; drug; cell; dogs; animals; findings; years; tissue; research; age; injury; management; coronavirus; diseases; drugs; infections; analysis; response; case; syndrome; system; lesions; children; health; type; hospital; role verbs: used; include; associate; increasing; cause; occurring; show; based; performed; reporting; require; treated; provide; developing; followed; identified; finding; result; saw; makes; reducing; consider; evaluate; led; compared; improve; presented; affect; needed; describe; related; involves; observed; suggests; detected; induced; assessed; become; decreasing; give; administered; infected; indicate; preventing; take; allow; demonstrate; determining; receiving; know adjectives: clinical; severe; acute; respiratory; high; common; small; important; chronic; specific; many; different; new; viral; large; medical; human; normal; hepatic; available; first; diagnostic; non; inflammatory; low; surgical; several; possible; oral; significant; abdominal; covid-19; primary; intestinal; potential; present; early; patient; therapeutic; effective; higher; positive; renal; bacterial; pulmonary; multiple; gastrointestinal; similar; negative; systemic adverbs: also; however; well; often; usually; therefore; even; especially; commonly; significantly; frequently; particularly; clinically; still; less; currently; typically; highly; generally; respectively; recently; approximately; potentially; critically; furthermore; now; primarily; first; rapidly; mainly; prior; previously; rarely; finally; always; relatively; rather; directly; alone; later; sometimes; early; daily; initially; least; yet; widely; already; occasionally; almost pronouns: it; we; their; they; our; its; one; them; i; he; your; his; she; you; her; us; itself; themselves; my; me; him; ourselves; mg; himself; yourself; a-1-antitrypsin; ya; ours; oneself; myself; em; 's; themself; theirs; stat1; nsp10; nausea/; isap; ir/; hucmscs; https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ada403148; hr)ct; herself; g)and; fomepizole; enroll; dislocation)-consider; ct/; covid-19; chictr2000029548 proper nouns: COVID-19; SARS; CT; CoV-2; el; MRI; mg; los; •; China; kg; con; C.; MR; PCR; para; US; del; IV; Health; un; Wuhan; United; CoV; Hospital; Coronavirus; ACE2; S.; pacientes; States; Clinical; las; una; C; ICU; en; Disease; MERS; RNA; University; M.; ARDS; T; Fig; Case; Report; Se; B; como; FDA keywords: clinical; covid-19; patient; sars; disease; treatment; infection; study; sign; trial; china; cell; cause; diagnosis; cov-2; animal; result; drug; laboratory; case; acute; ace2; wuhan; research; pcr; objective; hospital; virus; university; united; severe; pharmacist; pet; mri; mers; dog; conclusion; child; cat; wound; tnf; therapy; table; sheep; rna; respiratory; pharmacy; mdct; lesion; increase one topic; one dimension: patients file(s): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6249990/ titles(s): From Theory to Practice: Translating Whole-Genome Sequencing (WGS) into the Clinic three topics; one dimension: patients; clinical; en file(s): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7223217/, https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/B9780124158948000385, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0122726220300859?v=s5 titles(s): ECTES Abstracts 2020 | Chapter 38 Animal Models of Human Viral Diseases | ACTUALIZACION DE LA DECLARACIÓN DE CONSENSO EN MEDICINA CRITICA PARA LA ATENCIÓN MULTIDISCIPLINARIA DEL PACIENTE CON SOSPECHA O CONFIRMACIÓN DIAGNÓSTICA DE COVID-19 five topics; three dimensions: patients covid clinical; may cats disease; imaging clinical will; infection may disease; en el con file(s): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28074393/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7271342/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3948175/, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123809209000237, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0122726220300859?v=s5 titles(s): 45th ESCP-NSF international symposium on clinical pharmacy: clinical pharmacy tackling inequalities and access to health care. Oslo, Norway, 5–7 October 2016 | Emergency Care | ECR 2014, Part A | Infectious Diseases | ACTUALIZACION DE LA DECLARACIÓN DE CONSENSO EN MEDICINA CRITICA PARA LA ATENCIÓN MULTIDISCIPLINARIA DEL PACIENTE CON SOSPECHA O CONFIRMACIÓN DIAGNÓSTICA DE COVID-19 Type: cord title: keyword-clinical-cord date: 2021-05-24 time: 22:32 username: emorgan patron: Eric Morgan email: emorgan@nd.edu input: keywords:clinical ==== make-pages.sh htm files ==== make-pages.sh complex files ==== make-pages.sh named enities ==== making bibliographics id: cord-310205-j57x9ke6 author: Alcaide, Maria L. title: Pharyngitis and Epiglottitis date: 2007-06-08 words: 7562 sentences: 427 pages: flesch: 42 cache: ./cache/cord-310205-j57x9ke6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310205-j57x9ke6.txt summary: A major task of the primary care physician is to identify those patients with acute pharyngitis who require specific antimicrobial therapy and to avoid unnecessary and potentially deleterious treatment in the great majority who suffer from a benign, self-limited, usually viral infection. In the minority of patients who are severely ill or toxic at presentation and in whom clinical and epidemiologic evidence leads to a high index of suspicion, oral antimicrobial therapy may be initiated while awaiting the results of the throat culture. Treatment of GAS pharyngitis is recommended to prevent acute rheumatic fever, prevent suppurative complications [28] , shorten the clinical course (although only modestly) [28] , and reduce transmission of the infection in family and school units. Within days to weeks after initial infection with HIV type 1, 50% to 90% of patients develop a constellation of symptoms known as the ''''acute retroviral syndrome.'''' Fever, sore throat, lymphadenopathy, maculopapular rash, myalgia, arthralgias, and mucocutaneous ulcerations are the landmarks of the syndrome [58] [59] [60] [61] . abstract: Acute pharyngitis is one of the most common illnesses for which patients visit primary care physicians. Most cases are of viral origin, and with few exceptions these illnesses are both benign and self-limited. The most important bacterial cause is the beta-hemolytic group A streptococcus. There are other uncommon or rare types of pharyngitis. For some of these treatment is required or available, and some may be life threatening. Among those discussed in this article are diphtheria, gonorrhea, HIV infection, peritonsillar abscess, and epiglottitis. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17561078/ doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2007.03.001 id: cord-280431-tuzdng4h author: Alinier, Guillaume title: 5 Basing a Nonclinician''s Career upon Simulation The Personal Experience of a Physicist date: 2008-12-31 words: 3506 sentences: 149 pages: flesch: 41 cache: ./cache/cord-280431-tuzdng4h.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280431-tuzdng4h.txt summary: The triggers for this rapid growth have not only been recent technological developments in terms of personal computer power, but primarily clinical educators believing in the potential of simulation training approaches to help others effectively acquire life-saving skills in a safe and controlled environment. At the same time, I assumed responsibility for the development of the University of Hertfordshire''s Intensive Care and Emergency Simulation Center concentrating primarily on delivering simulation-based training to nursing and paramedical students and evaluating the teaching effectiveness of this approach [6] . Similarly, you can greatly contribute to the success of your center''s simulation programs by effectively communicating with other educators to refine scenarios provided to your participants, develop the simulation environment and new props. You might be able to use your skills and technical knowledge to further develop their ideas and improve aspects of the simulation training experience of participants. abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter concerns the breed of people who start by selecting a nonclinician path and eventually work in clinical simulation. Their new role requires their grasping a wide range of clinical and educational concepts and skills that should already be second nature to their new colleagues who are trained as an educator, a clinician, or health care professional. There are many different opportunities and responsibilities in the domain of clinical simulation, and nonclinicians could occupy almost any one of them. This ranges from educationalist, communication or team dynamic expert, technician, or technical manager, center coordinator, administrator, to operations manager. The background of potential simulation center employees will be an important asset in their new role as it could give them a different perspective, additional skills, and innovative ideas that complement those of their clinical colleagues. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123725318500133 doi: 10.1016/b978-012372531-8.50013-3 id: cord-306351-ka6asw3m author: Alsuliman, Tamim title: A review of potential treatments to date in COVID-19 patients according to the stage of the disease date: 2020-05-30 words: 6057 sentences: 374 pages: flesch: 48 cache: ./cache/cord-306351-ka6asw3m.txt txt: ./txt/cord-306351-ka6asw3m.txt summary: Several trials of Remdesivir treatment on few patients in the United States have shown early promising benefits in cases with severe pneumonia [33, 34] . On the other hand, data emerging from other ongoing Chinese trials have demonstrated that CQ phosphate is superior to a control treatment in the following areas: pneumonia exacerbation inhibition, imaging findings improvement, virus negative conversion promoting, and disease course shortening [62] . For example, clinical data from reliable randomized controlled studies are still missing, and data published to date lacks homogeneity in terms of recommended dose concentration, treatment duration, and severity of patient illness [58] . Chloroquine diphosphate in two different dosages as adjunctive therapy of hospitalized patients with severe respiratory syndrome in the context of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection: Preliminary safety results of a randomized, double-blinded, phase IIb clinical trial (CloroCovid-19 Study) The use of anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of people with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): The experience of clinical immunologists from China abstract: Abstract Introduction and motivation: Since the end of 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has affected millions of people worldwide. With the rapid spread of this virus, an immense burden has fallen upon both healthcare and economic systems. As a consequence, there is an unprecedented urgency for researchers and scientific committees from all over the world to find an effective treatment and vaccine. Review Structure: Many potential therapies are currently under investigation, with some, like Hydroxychloroquine, being authorized for emergency use in some countries. The crucial issue is now clearly to find the suitable treatment strategy for patients given comorbidities and the timeline of the illness.Vaccines are also under development and phase 1 clinical trials are rolling. Despite all efforts, no single drug or vaccine has yet been approved. In this review, we aim at presenting the proposed pathophysiological mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 and to provide clinicians with a brief and solid overview of the current potential treatments classified according to their use at the three different currently proposed disease stages. In light of pathogenesis and proposed clinical classification, this review’s purpose is to summarize and simplify the most important updates on the management and the potential treatment of this emergent disease. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.retram.2020.05.004 doi: 10.1016/j.retram.2020.05.004 id: cord-026009-rdhuc2n2 author: Anderson, Nancy L. title: Pet Rodents date: 2009-05-15 words: 14919 sentences: 1443 pages: flesch: 58 cache: ./cache/cord-026009-rdhuc2n2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-026009-rdhuc2n2.txt summary: This chapter provides information needed to diagnose and treat the most frequently encountered problems of mice, rats, gerbils, hamsters, guinea pigs, and chinchillas. • Diagnosis is based on clinical signs, history, visualization of parasite, skin scrape, and cellophane tape test. • Clinical signs in adults are caused by secondary bacterial infections and are similar to those in MRM. Common primary or secondary pathogens causing respiratory signs in mice are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Corynebacterium kutscheri, Pasteurella pneumontropica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. • Mouse poliomyelitis/encephalomyelitis, also known as Theiler disease, causes clinical signs in 1 in 10,000 infected mice. • In contrast to mice, Sendai virus rarely causes clinical signs in rats. • Pneumonia in guinea pigs usually is caused by infection with S. • Diagnosis of scurvy is based on clinical signs, the exclusion of other causes of diarrhea, and response to vitamin C therapy (see Table 177 -10). abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7271187/ doi: 10.1016/b0-72-160422-6/50179-0 id: cord-333581-icp0xwhx author: Aziz, Muhammad title: Gastrointestinal predictors of severe COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-07-30 words: 4309 sentences: 295 pages: flesch: 49 cache: ./cache/cord-333581-icp0xwhx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333581-icp0xwhx.txt summary: Articles were selected if they reported data on COVID-19 patients with respect to gastrointestinal symptoms (diarrhea, abdominal pain, and nausea/vomiting) or laboratory findings (serum AST, ALT, or TB). Our meta-analysis demonstrated significant correlations between gastrointestinal parameters (diarrhea, elevated serum ALT, AST and TB) and severe disease outcomes, i.e., respiratory distress, ICU admission, and/or death. • We performed a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of the available literature through May 31 st , 2020 to assess these manifestations with respect to disease severity • Our results indicate that diarrhea, abnormal ALT, AST and TB were associated with severe disease (intensive care unit admission, respiratory distress, and/or mortality) • Based on the current study results, patients with these manifestations should be stratified as highrisk and managed appropriately Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series abstract: BACKGROUND: COVID-19 pandemic has created a need to identify potential predictors of severe disease. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of gastrointestinal predictors of severe COVID-19. METHODS: An extensive literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane. Odds ratio (OR) and mean difference (MD) were calculated for proportional and continuous outcomes using a random-effect model. For each outcome, a 95% confidence interval (CI) and P-value were generated. RESULTS: A total of 83 studies (26912 patients, mean age 43.5±16.4 years, 48.2% female) were included. Gastrointestinal predictors of severe COVID-19 included the presence of diarrhea (OR 1.50, 95%CI 1.10-2.03; P=0.01), elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (OR 4.00, 95%CI 3.02-5.28; P<0.001), and elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (OR 2.54, 95%CI 1.91-3.37; P<0.001). Significantly higher levels of mean AST (MD 14.78 U/L, 95%CI 11.70-17.86 U/L; P<0.001), ALT (MD 11.87 U/L, 95%CI 9.23-14.52 U/L; P<0.001), and total bilirubin (MD 2.08 mmol/L, 95%CI 1.36-2.80 mmol/L; P<0.001) were observed in the severe COVID-19 group compared to non-severe COVID-19 group. CONCLUSION: Gastrointestinal symptoms and biomarkers should be assessed early to recognize severe COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33162738/ doi: 10.20524/aog.2020.0527 id: cord-003316-r5te5xob author: Balloux, Francois title: From Theory to Practice: Translating Whole-Genome Sequencing (WGS) into the Clinic date: 2018-12-17 words: 7340 sentences: 327 pages: flesch: 34 cache: ./cache/cord-003316-r5te5xob.txt txt: ./txt/cord-003316-r5te5xob.txt summary: WGS-based strain identification gives a far superior resolution In principle, WGS can provide highly relevant information for clinical microbiology in near-real-time, from phenotype testing to tracking outbreaks. As an example, genome assembly might appear to be a bottleneck for real-time WGS diagnostics, but is probably rarely required; sufficient characterization of an isolate can be made by analysis of the k-mers in the raw sequence data, which is orders of magnitude faster. These include, among others: the current costs of WGS, which remain far from negligible despite a common belief that sequencing costs have plummeted; a lack of training in, and possible cultural resistance to, bioinformatics among clinical microbiologists; a lack of the necessary computational infrastructure in most hospitals; the inadequacy of existing reference microbial genomics databases necessary for reliable AMR and virulence profiling; and the difficulty of setting up effective, standardized, and accredited bioinformatics protocols. abstract: Hospitals worldwide are facing an increasing incidence of hard-to-treat infections. Limiting infections and providing patients with optimal drug regimens require timely strain identification as well as virulence and drug-resistance profiling. Additionally, prophylactic interventions based on the identification of environmental sources of recurrent infections (e.g., contaminated sinks) and reconstruction of transmission chains (i.e., who infected whom) could help to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections. WGS could hold the key to solving these issues. However, uptake in the clinic has been slow. Some major scientific and logistical challenges need to be solved before WGS fulfils its potential in clinical microbial diagnostics. In this review we identify major bottlenecks that need to be resolved for WGS to routinely inform clinical intervention and discuss possible solutions. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6249990/ doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2018.08.004 id: cord-282202-q2q4vies author: Banerjee, Amitava title: Clinical academic research in the time of Corona: A simulation study in England and a call for action date: 2020-08-13 words: 4106 sentences: 229 pages: flesch: 46 cache: ./cache/cord-282202-q2q4vies.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282202-q2q4vies.txt summary: DESIGN: A stochastic model to determine clinical academic capacity in England, incorporating the following key factors which affect the ability to conduct research in the COVID-19 climate: (i) infection growth rate and population infection rate (from UK COVID-19 statistics and WHO); (ii) strain on the healthcare system (from published model); and (iii) availability of clinical academic staff with appropriate skillsets affected by frontline clinical activity and sickness (from UK statistics). "Learning is difficult in the midst of an emergency" [7] , but our ability to deliver timely, high-impact clinical research, relevant to patients and populations, is critical across the academic spectrum [8] , from "bench to bedside to big data", whether basic biology, repurposed and novel therapeutic approaches, vaccines or modelling. Our aims were to: (i) model potential impact of the pandemic on clinical academic capacity in England relating to COVID-19; and (ii) develop evidence-based recommendations to inform the optimal scientific response to COVID-19. abstract: OBJECTIVES: We aimed to model the impact of coronavirus (COVID-19) on the clinical academic response in England, and to provide recommendations for COVID-related research. DESIGN: A stochastic model to determine clinical academic capacity in England, incorporating the following key factors which affect the ability to conduct research in the COVID-19 climate: (i) infection growth rate and population infection rate (from UK COVID-19 statistics and WHO); (ii) strain on the healthcare system (from published model); and (iii) availability of clinical academic staff with appropriate skillsets affected by frontline clinical activity and sickness (from UK statistics). SETTING: Clinical academics in primary and secondary care in England. PARTICIPANTS: Equivalent of 3200 full-time clinical academics in England. INTERVENTIONS: Four policy approaches to COVID-19 with differing population infection rates: “Italy model” (6%), “mitigation” (10%), “relaxed mitigation” (40%) and “do-nothing” (80%) scenarios. Low and high strain on the health system (no clinical academics able to do research at 10% and 5% infection rate, respectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Number of full-time clinical academics available to conduct clinical research during the pandemic in England. RESULTS: In the “Italy model”, “mitigation”, “relaxed mitigation” and “do-nothing” scenarios, from 5 March 2020 the duration (days) and peak infection rates (%) are 95(2.4%), 115(2.5%), 240(5.3%) and 240(16.7%) respectively. Near complete attrition of academia (87% reduction, <400 clinical academics) occurs 35 days after pandemic start for 11, 34, 62, 76 days respectively—with no clinical academics at all for 37 days in the “do-nothing” scenario. Restoration of normal academic workforce (80% of normal capacity) takes 11, 12, 30 and 26 weeks respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Pandemic COVID-19 crushes the science needed at system level. National policies mitigate, but the academic community needs to adapt. We highlight six key strategies: radical prioritisation (eg 3–4 research ideas per institution), deep resourcing, non-standard leadership (repurposing of key non-frontline teams), rationalisation (profoundly simple approaches), careful site selection (eg protected sites with large academic backup) and complete suspension of academic competition with collaborative approaches. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237298 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237298 id: cord-334433-oudvxb4d author: Beane, Joal D. title: Conducting Clinical Trials in the Time of a Pandemic date: 2020-06-08 words: 1883 sentences: 113 pages: flesch: 44 cache: ./cache/cord-334433-oudvxb4d.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334433-oudvxb4d.txt summary: Responses to mitigate the effects of the pandemichave included: 1) thedevelopment of strategies to support research programs during unforeseen economic loss, 2)establishment of institutionalguidelines for clinical trials, 3)measures to ensure a healthy clinical research team, 4) useof innovative technologies to maintain access to clinical trials, 5) amendment of protocols to avoid costly trial closures, and 6) the strategic reopening of suspended clinical trials. Efforts to modify protocols in order to comply with the emergency public health response and the guidelines established by the FDA and IRBareencouraged.Investigators need to prioritize collection of data, focusing on the primary endpoint and important secondary endpoints to remain in compliance.Clinical protocols should be reexamined thoroughly and amendments should be made to reduce superfluous clinical visits.While many protocol changes typically required an amendment and lengthy review process, to avoid costly delays, reviews of amendments at our institution are being waived or expedited if the adjustment pertains to patient safety in the setting of COVID-19. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1097/sla.0000000000004114 doi: 10.1097/sla.0000000000004114 id: cord-276495-q22jnkn2 author: Belizário, José Ernesto title: Trained innate immunity, COVID-19 therapeutic dilemma, and fake science date: 2020-07-06 words: 2769 sentences: 132 pages: flesch: 44 cache: ./cache/cord-276495-q22jnkn2.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276495-q22jnkn2.txt summary: This type of immunological memory or epigenetic programming to a pre-activated state allows the generation of a sustained and more effective non-specific response, even after years, although in the protocols of these studies, the innate immunity was evaluated after 3 months (2). Various clinical trials are underway to evaluate trained immunity through BCG vaccination in healthy volunteers under the coordination of Dr. Mihail Netea (Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands). To our knowledge, there are no published articles or clinical evidences that show that BCG immunization protects against SARS-CoV-2 in Brazil. The journal The Lancet, in May 2020, published the results of an observational, longitudinal, and retrospective clinical study based on medical records of COVID-19 patient cohorts treated across 6 countries and 671 hospitals, with different technical capabilities and diverse drug protocols (13) . abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32667492/ doi: 10.6061/clinics/2020/e2124 id: cord-272727-a5ngjuyz author: Bertsimas, D. title: From predictions to prescriptions: A data-drivenresponse to COVID-19 date: 2020-06-29 words: 3596 sentences: 209 pages: flesch: 53 cache: ./cache/cord-272727-a5ngjuyz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-272727-a5ngjuyz.txt summary: Specifically, we propose a comprehensive data-driven approach to understand the clinical characteristics of COVID-19, predict its mortality, forecast its evolution, and ultimately alleviate its impact. Each column reports 128 cohort-level statistics on demographics (e.g., average age, gen-129 der breakdown), comorbidities (e.g., prevalence of diabetes, 130 hypertension), symptoms (e.g., prevalence of fever, cough), 131 treatments (e.g., prevalence of antibiotics, intubation), lab 132 values (e.g., average lymphocyte count), and clinical outcomes 133 (e.g., average hospital length of stay, mortality rate). The models with lab values provide 309 algorithmic screening tools that can deliver COVID-19 risk 310 predictions using common clinical features. These findings 333 are also in agreement with clinical reports: an elevated CRP 334 generally indicates an early sign of infection and implies lung 335 lesions from COVID-19 (27), elevated levels of leukocytes 336 suggest cytokine release syndrome caused by SARS-CoV-2 337 virus (28), and lowered levels of serum calcium signal higher 338 rate of organ injury and septic shock (29) . abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has created unprecedented challenges worldwide. Strained healthcare providers make difficult decisions on patient triage, treatment and care management on a daily basis. Policy makers have imposed social distancing measures to slow the disease, at a steep economic price. We design analytical tools to support these decisions and combat the pandemic. Specifically, we propose a comprehensive data-driven approach to understand the clinical characteristics of COVID-19, predict its mortality, forecast its evolution, and ultimately alleviate its impact. By leveraging cohort-level clinical data, patient-level hospital data, and census-level epidemiological data, we develop an integrated four-step approach, combining descriptive, predictive and prescriptive analytics. First, we aggregate hundreds of clinical studies into the most comprehensive database on COVID-19 to paint a new macroscopic picture of the disease. Second, we build personalized calculators to predict the risk of infection and mortality as a function of demographics, symptoms, comorbidities, and lab values. Third, we develop a novel epidemiological model to project the pandemic's spread and inform social distancing policies. Fourth, we propose an optimization model to reallocate ventilators and alleviate shortages. Our results have been used at the clinical level by several hospitals to triage patients, guide care management, plan ICU capacity, and re-distribute ventilators. At the policy level, they are currently supporting safe back-to-work policies at a major institution and equitable vaccine distribution planning at a major pharmaceutical company, and have been integrated into the US Center for Disease Control's pandemic forecast. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.26.20141127 doi: 10.1101/2020.06.26.20141127 id: cord-336563-hwemigk7 author: Bhimraj, Adarsh title: Infectious Diseases Society of America Guidelines on the Treatment and Management of Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-04-27 words: 8308 sentences: 448 pages: flesch: 42 cache: ./cache/cord-336563-hwemigk7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336563-hwemigk7.txt summary: Given the rapidity of emerging literature, IDSA identified the need to develop living, frequently updated evidence-based guidelines to support patients, clinicians and other health-care professionals in their decisions about treatment and management of patients with COVID-19. Two RCTs of patients with confirmed COVID-19 with mild pneumonia (e.g., positive CT scan without oxygen requirement) or non-severe infection admitted to the hospital treated with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) reported on mortality at 14 days, clinical progression (radiological progression on CT scan), clinical improvement, failure of virologic clearance (PCR), and adverse events (both) [11, 12] (Table 1 ). In addition, we identified four publications describing three trials of combination treatment with HCQ plus azithromycin (AZ) among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 reporting on the outcomes of mortality, failure of virologic clearance (assessed with PCR test), and adverse events (i.e., significant QT prolongation leading to treatment discontinuation) [13] [14] [15] [16] (Table 2) . abstract: BACKGROUND: There are many pharmacologic therapies that are being used or considered for treatment of COVID-19. There is a need for frequently updated practice guidelines on their use, based on critical evaluation of rapidly emerging literature. OBJECTIVE: Develop evidence-based rapid guidelines intended to support patients, clinicians and other health-care professionals in their decisions about treatment and management of patients with COVID-19. METHODS: IDSA formed a multidisciplinary guideline panel of infectious disease clinicians, pharmacists, and methodologists with varied areas of expertise. Process followed a rapid recommendation checklist. The panel prioritized questions and outcomes. Then a systematic review of the peer-reviewed and grey literature was conducted. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to assess the certainty of evidence and make recommendations. RESULTS: The IDSA guideline panel agreed on 7 treatment recommendations and provided narrative summaries of other treatments undergoing evaluations. CONCLUSIONS: The panel expressed the overarching goal that patients be recruited into ongoing trials, which would provide much needed evidence on the efficacy and safety of various therapies for COVID-19, given that we could not make a determination whether the benefits outweigh harms for most treatments. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa478 doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa478 id: cord-348137-dzmbfp2g author: Bi, Qifang title: Characterization of clinical progression of COVID-19 patients in Shenzhen, China date: 2020-04-27 words: 4551 sentences: 215 pages: flesch: 48 cache: ./cache/cord-348137-dzmbfp2g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348137-dzmbfp2g.txt summary: Using data from Shenzhen, China, where all cases were monitored in hospital and symptom profiles and clinical and lab results were available starting from early stages of clinical course, we characterized clinical progression of COVID-19 cases and determined important predictors for faster clinical progression to key clinical events and longer use of medical resources. We estimate time from symptom onset to key clinical events, such as first clinical diagnosis, progression to severe clinical stages, development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), admission to the critical care unit (ICU), and discharge. The primary endpoints in this study include patients'' time from symptom onset to clinical progression beyond the moderate stage, ICU admission, invasive ventilator use, and discharge. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.22.20076190 doi: medRxiv preprint Table 3 : The association of demographic characteristics, baseline comorbidity, initial symptoms, and initial lab results with rate of clinical progression to severe stage, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and ICU admission . abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has stressed healthcare care systems throughout the world. Understanding clinical progression of cases is a key public health priority that informs optimal resource allocation during an emergency. Using data from Shenzhen, China, where all cases were monitored in hospital and symptom profiles and clinical and lab results were available starting from early stages of clinical course, we characterized clinical progression of COVID-19 cases and determined important predictors for faster clinical progression to key clinical events and longer use of medical resources. Epidemiological, demographic, laboratory, clinical, and outcome data were extracted from electronic medical records. We found that those who progressed to the severe stage, developed acute respiratory distress syndrome, and were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) progressed on average 9.5 days (95%CI 8.7,10.3), 11.0 days (95%CI 9.7,12.3), and 10.5 days (95%CI 8.2,13.3) after symptom onset, respectively. We estimated that patients who were admitted to ICUs remained there for an average of 34.4 days (95%CI 24.1,43.2) and the average time on a ventilator was 28.5 days (95%CI 20.0,39.1) among those requiring mechanical ventilation. The median length of hospital stay was 21.3 days (95%CI, 20.5, 22.2) for the mild or moderate cases who did not progress to the severe stage, but increased to 52.1 days (95%CI, 43.3, 59.5) for those who required ICU admission. Clear characterization of clinical progression informs planning for healthcare resource allocation during COVID-19 outbreaks and provides a basis that helps assess the effectiveness of new treatment and therapeutics. url: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.22.20076190 doi: 10.1101/2020.04.22.20076190 id: cord-317952-4oa9hfb4 author: Bourgonje, Arno R. title: Angiotensin‐converting enzyme‐2 (ACE2), SARS‐CoV‐2 and pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) date: 2020-05-17 words: 12082 sentences: 664 pages: flesch: 38 cache: ./cache/cord-317952-4oa9hfb4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-317952-4oa9hfb4.txt summary: ACE2 was highly expressed on lung alveolar epithelial cells and small intestinal epithelial cells, consistent with potential routes of viral transmission of SARS-CoV-2, as both respiratory and gastrointestinal systems share interfaces with the external environment. ACE2 expression in the lungs and SARS-CoV-2 viral load have been suggested to increase with age, which might provide an explanation to the higher disease severity observed in older patients with COVID-19 [35] . Both SARS-CoV-2 infection, directly mediated by ACE2 expression and activity, and superimposed disease triggers may be responsible for the observed pathological findings. Additionally, another study reported purpura and livedo racemosa in several severely affected COVID-19 patients with small vessel thrombosis with co-localization of complement and SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins on histopathology [148] .This indicates direct viral infection of the small skin vessels. Circulating plasma concentrations of ACE2 in men and women with heart failure and effects of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-inhibitors: Potential implications for coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infected patients abstract: Angiotensin‐converting enzyme‐2 (ACE2) has been established as the functional host receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), the virus responsible for the current devastating worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). ACE2 is abundantly expressed in a variety of cells residing in many different human organs. In human physiology, ACE2 is a pivotal counter‐regulatory enzyme to ACE by the breakdown of angiotensin II, the central player in the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAAS) and the main substrate of ACE2. Many factors have been associated with both altered ACE2 expression and COVID‐19 severity and progression, including age, sex, ethnicity, medication and several co‐morbidities, such as cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. Although ACE2 is widely distributed in various human tissues and many of its determinants have been well recognised, ACE2‐expressing organs do not equally participate in COVID‐19 pathophysiology, implying that other mechanisms are involved in orchestrating cellular infection resulting in tissue damage. Reports of pathologic findings in tissue specimens of COVID‐19 patients are rapidly emerging and confirm the established role of ACE2 expression and activity in disease pathogenesis. Identifying pathologic changes caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is crucially important as it has major implications for understanding COVID‐19 pathophysiology and the development of evidence‐based treatment strategies. Currently, many interventional strategies are being explored in ongoing clinical trials, encompassing many drug classes and strategies, including antiviral drugs, biological response modifiers and RAAS inhibitors. Ultimately, prevention is key to combat COVID‐19 and appropriate measures are being taken accordingly, including development of effective vaccines. In this review, we describe the role of ACE2 in COVID‐19 pathophysiology, including factors influencing ACE2 expression and activity in relation to COVID‐19 severity. In addition, we discuss the relevant pathological changes resulting from SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Finally, we highlight a selection of potential treatment modalities for COVID‐19. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/path.5471 doi: 10.1002/path.5471 id: cord-283545-vu8lt3w6 author: Brabb, Thea title: Infectious Diseases date: 2011-12-16 words: 28865 sentences: 1659 pages: flesch: 47 cache: ./cache/cord-283545-vu8lt3w6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283545-vu8lt3w6.txt summary: Although guinea pigs are sensitive and susceptible to the development of lesions from a wide range of viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and parasites, only a small number of organisms cause natural infection and only a portion of that group cause clinical disease. Although guinea pigs are sensitive and susceptible to the development of lesions from a wide range of viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and parasites, only a small number of organisms cause natural infection and only a portion of that group cause clinical disease. The efficacy of canine, porcine, human, and autogenous Bordetella vaccines and bacterins has been evaluated by several individuals; reports suggest that these vaccines do not completely protect guinea pigs from infection, but a decrease in the incidence and severity of clinical disease has been noted in experimentally challenged animals (Matherne et al., 1987; Stephenson et al., 1989) . abstract: Although guinea pigs are sensitive and susceptible to the development of lesions from a wide range of viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and parasites, only a small number of organisms cause natural infection and only a portion of that group cause clinical disease. This chapter discusses naturally occurring diseases of guinea pigs, although some data from experimental infections have also been covered as they relate to the pathogenesis of the disease. The material presented includes background, etiology, epizootiology/pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, pathology, diagnosis, prevention, and therapy. The diseases are discussed in an alphabetical order based on the taxonomic groups to which the organisms belong and are independent of the order of perceived importance of the various diseases. The Federation of European Laboratory Animal Science Associations recommends monitoring for guinea pig adenovirus, guinea pig cytomegalovirus, Sendai virus, ectoparasites, endoparasites, E. cunniculi, and a variety of bacteria including Bordetella bronchiseptica, Chlamydia psittaci, Corynebacterium kutscheri, dermatophytes, Pasteurellaceae, Salmonella, Streptobacillus moniliformis, Streptococcus, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, and Clostridium piliforme. Virus-associated necrotizing ronchopneumonia in guinea pigs is a spontaneous multifactorial disease that has low morbidity, high mortality, and a worldwide distribution. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123809209000237 doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-380920-9.00023-7 id: cord-316029-z708c3ex author: Brunsdon, Priya title: Clinical Pharmacology Considerations for Developing Small‐Molecule Treatments for COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-12 words: 4964 sentences: 264 pages: flesch: 36 cache: ./cache/cord-316029-z708c3ex.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316029-z708c3ex.txt summary: This review will offer key clinical pharmacology considerations for developing small molecules for the treatment of COVID-19 based on the major disease complications that impact drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME). Of major concern is sepsis, defined as "life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection." 12 In 1 study, septic shock, which is distinguished by persistent hypotension, elevated serum lactate levels, and increased mortality, was a complication in about 6% of severely ill COVID-19 patients. For water-soluble investigational therapies that are intended for administration in the severely ill COVID-19 population, thought should be given to targeting serum drug concentrations and the drug''s exposure-response profile when determining if increased doses would be beneficial for patients receiving intravenous fluids. 21 The clinical impact of these potential changes in free drug fractions on investigational therapies that are highly proteinbound is an important consideration when empirically selecting doses for critically ill COVID-19 patients. abstract: Numerous drugs are being investigated for the treatment of COVID‐19, including antivirals and therapies targeting complications related to COVID‐19. The clinical presentation of COVID‐19 varies from mild fever, cough, and dyspnea in the early stages of disease to severe complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, systemic hyperinflammation, and sepsis. A thorough understanding of the disease pathogenesis and the disease complications is essential to developing effective therapies to treat this potentially life‐threatening disease. This review offers key clinical pharmacology considerations involved in the development of small molecules for the treatment of COVID‐19. They are based on the major observed disease complications that impact drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination. We also address considerations regarding potential drug interactions, alternative routes and methods of administration, and dosing in patients on hemodialysis. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32579707/ doi: 10.1002/jcph.1697 id: cord-348244-1py0k53e author: Buyse, Marc title: Central statistical monitoring of investigator-led clinical trials in oncology date: 2020-06-23 words: 4050 sentences: 181 pages: flesch: 45 cache: ./cache/cord-348244-1py0k53e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-348244-1py0k53e.txt summary: We describe the principles of central statistical monitoring, provide examples of its use, and argue that it could help drive down the cost of randomized clinical trials, especially investigator-led trials, whilst improving their quality. Yet, there is no evidence showing that extensive data monitoring has any major impact on the quality of clinical-trial data, and none of the randomized studies assessing more intensive versus less intensive monitoring has shown any difference in terms of clinically relevant treatment outcomes [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] . Both types of trials may benefit from central statistical monitoring of the data; industry-sponsored trials to target centers that are detected as having potential data quality issues, which may require an on-site audit, and investigatorled trials as the primary method for checking data quality. An evidence-based study of the cost for data monitoring in clinical trials A statistical approach to central monitoring of data quality in clinical trials abstract: Investigator-led clinical trials are pragmatic trials that aim to investigate the benefits and harms of treatments in routine clinical practice. These much-needed trials represent the majority of all trials currently conducted. They are however threatened by the rising costs of clinical research, which are in part due to extensive trial monitoring processes that focus on unimportant details. Risk-based quality management focuses, instead, on “things that really matter”. We discuss the role of central statistical monitoring as part of risk-based quality management. We describe the principles of central statistical monitoring, provide examples of its use, and argue that it could help drive down the cost of randomized clinical trials, especially investigator-led trials, whilst improving their quality. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10147-020-01726-6 doi: 10.1007/s10147-020-01726-6 id: cord-014337-nnuvrb6o author: Byrne, S. title: Scientific rigour date: 2020-11-13 words: 1527 sentences: 105 pages: flesch: 58 cache: ./cache/cord-014337-nnuvrb6o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-014337-nnuvrb6o.txt summary: gdc-uk.org/news-blogs/news/detail/2020/09/01/ joint-statement-on-arrangements-for-dental-educationand-training-while-measures-are-in-place-to-control-thespread-of-covid-19-(version-2-dated-1-september-2020) (accessed November 2020). To evaluate the existing curricula and reorganise them by adopting the Commission on Dental Accreditation (CODA) compliance protocols on the interruption of education and distance education to allow for a continuation of the PGRs'' hands-on and didactic learning 2. Clinical case presentations through online sessions allowed continued PGRs'' feedback to enhance their presentation and treatment planning skills as well as surgical techniques 3. 1 report that sequencing data indicate high reads for Prevotella, Staphylococcus and Fusobacterium in patients severely infected with SARS-CoV-2. Despite facing changes in a teaching format, especially in clinical training, our approaches, including the use of online portals and modules, maintained and enhanced PGRs'' hands-on and didactic experiences. One way of ensuring best practice would be that the directions for use of each new batch of product are read carefully and then stored in a centrally placed file in the clinic, easily accessible to all members of the dental team. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7662737/ doi: 10.1038/s41415-020-2362-4 id: cord-323940-ubazgvov author: Cafiero, Concetta title: Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacogenetics: In Silico Prediction of Drug Effects in Treatments for Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV2 Disease date: 2020-10-13 words: 7359 sentences: 408 pages: flesch: 34 cache: ./cache/cord-323940-ubazgvov.txt txt: ./txt/cord-323940-ubazgvov.txt summary: Recently, pharmacogenomics (the effects of a single genetic marker) and pharmacogenetics (the collective influence of variability across the genome to modulate an individual''s drug response) have received great attention for their abilities to provide a new way to select drugs for personalized therapy (optimal dosing for maximizing drug efficacy or minimizing the risk of toxicity). 35 Search terms were "Covid-19", "novel coronavirus", "SARS-CoV2", "pharmacogenetics", "treatment/s", "adverse side effects", "therapy", "lung", "ocular", "pulmonary infection", "drugs", "drug response", "virus", "candidate drugs", "potential inhibitors", "protease inhibitors", "personalized medicine", "individual therapy", "pneumonia", "ACE", "heparin", "vasculitis", "conjunctivitis", "rhinitis", "hematological complication" and "main metabolic routes", either alone or in combination. Drugs in use as routine therapy or in clinical trials for Covid-19 include steroids and antiviral and biological humanized neutralizing antibodies against some proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL1, IL6, IFN, and TNFα, in addition to supportive measures and symptomatic treatment, according to the severity of the disease. abstract: The latest developments in precision medicine allow the modulation of therapeutic approaches in different pathologies on the basis of the specific molecular characterization of the patient. This review of the literature coupled with in silico analysis was to provide a selected screening of interactions between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and drugs (repurposed, investigational, and biological agents) showing efficacy and toxicityin counteracting Covid-19 infection. In silico analysis of genetic variants related to each drug was performed on such databases as PharmGKB, Ensembl Genome Browser, www.drugs.com, and SNPedia, with an extensive literature review of papers (to May 10, 2020) on Covid-19 treatments using Medline, Embase, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, PharmGKB, and Google Scholar. The clinical relevance of SNPs, known as both drug targets and markers, considering genetic variations with known drug responses, and the therapeutic consequences are discussed. In the context of clinical treatment of Covid-19, including infection prevention, control measures, and supportive care, this review highlights the importance of a personalized approach in the final selection of therapy, which is probably essential in the management of the Covid-19 pandemic. url: https://doi.org/10.2147/pgpm.s270069 doi: 10.2147/pgpm.s270069 id: cord-325559-di8lljoi author: Cappello, Francesco title: Does SARS-CoV-2 Trigger Stress-Induced Autoimmunity by Molecular Mimicry? A Hypothesis date: 2020-06-29 words: 5204 sentences: 298 pages: flesch: 44 cache: ./cache/cord-325559-di8lljoi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-325559-di8lljoi.txt summary: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induced disease (COVID-19) is a planetary emergency that is urging many research groups to redirect their efforts and to channel their experience towards understanding its pathogenesis. These human epitopes, in turn, can be recognized by circulating antibodies made against crossreactive microbial antigens; these antibodies behave like autoantibodies, causing the destruction of the stressed cells, representing a typical example of pathology caused by molecular mimicry and manifested as autoimmunity [30] . We hypothesize that, at the basis of the generalized activation of the immune system, there are molecular mimicry phenomena: the antibodies produced against the virus could turn into autoantibodies against crossreactive proteins expressed on human cells, causing autoimmunity with cell destruction. We hypothesize that, at the basis of the generalized activation of the immune system, there are molecular mimicry phenomena: the antibodies produced against the virus could turn into autoantibodies against crossreactive proteins expressed on human cells, causing autoimmunity with cell destruction. abstract: Viruses can generate molecular mimicry phenomena within their hosts. Why should severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) not be considered one of these? Information in this short review suggests that it might be so and, thus, encourages research aiming at testing this possibility. We propose, as a working hypothesis, that the virus induces antibodies and that some of them crossreact with host’s antigens, thus eliciting autoimmune phenomena with devasting consequences in various tissues and organs. If confirmed, by in vitro and in vivo tests, this could drive researchers to find effective treatments against the virus. url: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9072038 doi: 10.3390/jcm9072038 id: cord-267608-0odu8lus author: Chen, Daohong title: Innovative highlights of clinical drug trial design date: 2020-06-03 words: 4164 sentences: 155 pages: flesch: 28 cache: ./cache/cord-267608-0odu8lus.txt txt: ./txt/cord-267608-0odu8lus.txt summary: Accordingly taking the advantage of interim analysis based on novel biomarker approach for detecting the pathogenesis-specific molecular alteration(s), an adaptive clinical study can select the drug-sensitive sub-population from patients with initially targeted disease or an alternative indication, to continue the investigation for an optimized therapeutic efficacy [7] . While human bioequivalence study is increasingly contributing to evaluation of emerging formulation and bio-similar agents besides chemical generics [4] , several adaptive trial designs have been capable of translating the scientific breakthroughs into novel therapeutic benefits with shorter processing time and lower financial costs, to address the unmet clinical needs [3, 19] . Of note, to preserve the strength of clear defining efficacy and safety of tested drugs, the innovative designs of clinical study are substantially overlapped with classic trial protocols of three phases which still serve as the mainstream approach of clinical investigation [3, 7] . abstract: Clinical trials serve as the gold standard to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tested drugs prior to marketing authorization. Nevertheless, there have been a few challenging issues well noted in traditional clinical trials such as tedious processing duration and escalating high costs among others. To improve the efficiency of clinical studies, a spectrum of expedited clinical trial modes has been designed, and selectively implemented in contemporary drug developing landscape. Herein this article presents an update on the innovated human trial designs that are corroborated through coming up with approval of notable therapeutic compounds for clinical utilization including delivery of several blockbuster products. It is intended to inspire clinical investigators and pharmaceutical development not only timely communicating with the regulatory agencies, but also insightful translating from cutting-edge scientific discoveries. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trsl.2020.05.007 doi: 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.05.007 id: cord-282131-wap7lo05 author: Chen, Haixia title: Clinical and imaging features of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-27 words: 3377 sentences: 180 pages: flesch: 46 cache: ./cache/cord-282131-wap7lo05.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282131-wap7lo05.txt summary: Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic in December 2019, the "Diagnosis and Treatment Scheme for Coronavirus Disease (Trial Version 5)" [6] recommended that suspected cases with pulmonary imaging characteristics be included for the first time in "clinical diagnosis" in Hubei Province. The "Diagnosis and Treatment Scheme for Coronavirus Disease (Trial Version 4)" stipulates that [22] JRID198_proof ■ 26 April 2020 ■ 3/ 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 a patient who meets any one of the epidemiological history criteria and any two of the clinical manifestations can be included in suspected cases, and that an etiological test then be conducted. abstract: Since December 2019, multiple cases of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have been reported in Wuhan in China's Hubei Province, a disease which has subsequently spread rapidly across the entire country. Highly infectious, COVID-19 has numerous transmission channels and humans are highly susceptible to infection. The main clinical symptoms of COVID-19 are fever, fatigue, and a dry cough. Laboratory examination in the early stage of the disease shows a normal or decreased white blood cell count, and a decreased lymphocyte count. While CT examination serves as the screening and diagnostic basis for COVID-19, its accuracy is limited. The nucleic acid testing is the gold standard for the diagnosis of COVID-19, but has a low sensitivity is low. There is clearly a divide between the two means of examination. This paper reviews the published literature, guidelines and consensus, and summarizes the clinical and imaging characteristics of COVID-19, in order to provide a reliable basis for early diagnosis and treatment. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352621120300346 doi: 10.1016/j.jrid.2020.04.003 id: cord-276255-0ofsa40u author: Cheong, Mark Wing Loong title: ‘To be or not to be in the ward’: The Impact of Covid‐19 on the Role of Hospital‐Based Clinical Pharmacists ‐ A Qualitative Study date: 2020-08-12 words: 3676 sentences: 226 pages: flesch: 53 cache: ./cache/cord-276255-0ofsa40u.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276255-0ofsa40u.txt summary: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on hospital‐based clinical pharmacists working in Malaysia and the implications on how clinical pharmacy is perceived as a health care service. Clinical pharmacists in Malaysia are pharmacists who have been assigned to work in the hospital wards, where they provide pharmaceutical care to patients and support the health care team with information and guidance for the effective use of medicines. This study aims to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospital-based clinical pharmacists in Malaysia and the implications on how clinical pharmacy is perceived as a health care service. The coding and subsequent analysis of the findings of this study led to the development of 3 main themes: ''Reassignment and other changes in clinical pharmacist roles'', ''Adapting clinical pharmacy services to COVID-19'', and ''The need for clinical pharmacists in the ward''. abstract: INTRODUCTION: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has significantly affected health care systems around the world. In many hospitals and health care facilities, services and health care workers have been reorganized and restructured to meet the demands of the pandemic. The impact of the pandemic on hospital‐based clinical pharmacists and their ability to deliver pharmaceutical care is currently unknown. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on hospital‐based clinical pharmacists working in Malaysia and the implications on how clinical pharmacy is perceived as a health care service. METHODS: A qualitative study was designed to meet the research objectives. Nineteen hospital‐based clinical pharmacists consented and participated in one‐on‐one, semi‐structured interviews. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using an iterative thematic analysis approach. RESULTS: The experiences and views of the participants were reported. Three main themes were developed: ‘Reassignment and other changes in clinical pharmacist roles’, ‘Adapting clinical pharmacy services to COVID‐19’, and ‘The need for clinical pharmacists in the ward’. The findings indicate that in many cases, clinical pharmacy services were fully or partially withdrawn from the ward to reduce the risk of infection and to conserve the usage of personal protective equipment. Despite this, clinical pharmacists continued to support patient care in hospitals through the use of technology. The withdrawal of clinical pharmacy services, however, raises concern that the role of clinical pharmacists is still poorly recognized. CONCLUSION: Clinical pharmacists in hospitals continue to support patient care despite the disruption caused by the COVID‐19 pandemic. Greater support and recognition of their role is required in order to empower and enhance their ability to deliver pharmaceutical care. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32838225/ doi: 10.1002/jac5.1315 id: cord-007321-7gi6xrci author: Chow, Anthony W. title: Evaluation of New Anti-Infective Drugs for the Treatment of Respiratory Tract Infections date: 1992-11-17 words: 16053 sentences: 825 pages: flesch: 31 cache: ./cache/cord-007321-7gi6xrci.txt txt: ./txt/cord-007321-7gi6xrci.txt summary: These guidelines for the evaluation of drugs for the treatment of respiratory tract infections include acute streptococcal pharyngitis and tonsillitis, acute otitis media, acute and chronic sinusitis, acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, and acute infectious pneumonia (table 1). This is often the case in otitis media, sinusitis, and pneumonia, when the use of invasive procedures such as tympanocentesis, sinus puncture, or transtracheal aspiration to confirm microbial eradication in the patient who is improving clinically generally is considered unjustified. Patients eligible for study entrance are children or adults with symptomatic pharyngitis or tonsillitis of acute onset clinically consistent with infection with group A I3-hemolytic streptococci and from whom group A (3-hemolytic streptococci have been isolated in cultures of throat -swab specimen or for whom a rapid screening test has indicated the presence of streptococci. abstract: These guidelines deal with the evaluation of anti-infective drugs for the treatment of respiratory tract infections. Five clinical entities are described: streptococcal pharyngitis and tonsillitis, otitis media, sinusitis, bronchitis, and pneumonia. A wide variety of microorganisms are potentially pathogenetic in these diseases; these guidelines focus on the bacterial infections. Inclusion of a patient in a trial of a new drug is based on the clinical entity, with the requirement that a reasonable attempt will be made to establish a specific microbial etiology. Microbiologic evaluation of efficacy requires isolation of the pathogen and testing for in vitro susceptibility. Alternatively, surrogate markers may be used to identify the etiologic agent. The efficacy of new drugs is evaluated with reference to anticipated response rates. Establishment of the microbial etiology of respiratory tract infections is hampered by the presence of “normal flora” of the nose, mouth, and pharynx, which may include asymptomatic carriage of potential pathogens. This issue is addressed for each category of infection described. For example, it is suggested that for initial phase 2 trials of acute otitis media and acute sinusitis tympanocentesis or direct sinus puncture be used to collect exudate for culture. Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis also present difficulties in the establishment of microbial etiology. These guidelines suggest that clinical trials employ an active control drug but leave open the possibility of a placebo-controlled trial. For pneumonia, the guidelines suggest the identification and enrollment of patients by the clinical type of pneumonia, e.g., atypical pneumonia or acute bacterial pneumonia, rather than by etiologic organism or according to whether it was community or hospital acquired. For each respiratory infection, the clinical response is judged as cure, failure, or indeterminate. Clinical improvement is not acceptable unless quantitative response measures can be applied. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7110372/ doi: 10.1093/clind/15.supplement_1.s62 id: cord-255140-3dwqqgv1 author: Christian, Michael D. title: Biowarfare and Bioterrorism date: 2013-07-04 words: 9451 sentences: 516 pages: flesch: 42 cache: ./cache/cord-255140-3dwqqgv1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255140-3dwqqgv1.txt summary: Although some experts state that the risk of a largescale bioterrorist attack is low, 7 in a more recent analysis, US Senators Graham and Talent quote their conclusion form the Commission on the Prevention of Weapons of Mass Destruction Proliferation and Terrorism in 2010, which stated "unless the world community acts decisively and with great urgency, it is more likely than not that a [biologic] weapon of mass destruction will be used in a terrorist attack somewhere in the world by the end of 2013." 8 Anthrax in particular remains such a concern, because of both the lethality of the agent and also the potential availability given the number of governments that produced weaponized anthrax in the past. The mode of deployment as a biological weapon in the past has often been through infected vectors 22 ; however, a modern bioterrorist would most like deploy the agent via aerosolization and it could present as: primary pneumonic tularemia (inhalation), oculoglandular tularemia (eye contact), ulceroglandular (broken skin contact), or oropharyngeal (mucous membrane contact without deep inhalation). abstract: Bioterrorism is not only a reality of the times in which we live but bioweapons have been used for centuries. Critical care physicians play a major role in the recognition of and response to a bioterrorism attack. Critical care clinicians must be familiar with the diagnosis and management of the most likely bioterrorism agents, and also be adequately prepared to manage a mass casualty situation. This article reviews the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of the most likely agents of biowarfare and bioterrorism. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S0749070413000389 doi: 10.1016/j.ccc.2013.03.015 id: cord-332078-vl309ss7 author: Cipollaro, Lucio title: Musculoskeletal symptoms in SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) patients date: 2020-05-18 words: 1417 sentences: 88 pages: flesch: 34 cache: ./cache/cord-332078-vl309ss7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-332078-vl309ss7.txt summary: Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis Clinical characteristics of laboratory confirmed positive cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan, China: A retrospective single center analysis Epidemiological, clinical and virological characteristics of 74 cases of coronavirus-infected disease 2019 (COVID-19) with gastrointestinal symptoms Clinical characteristics and outcomes of older patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China (2019): a single-centered, retrospective study Clinical characteristics of COVID-19-infected cancer patients: a retrospective case study in three hospitals within Wuhan, China Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series Clinical characteristics of non-critically ill patients with novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in a Fangcang Hospital Analysis of epidemiological and clinical features in older patients with Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) out of Wuhan A cross-sectional comparison of epidemiological and clinical features of patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Wuhan and outside Wuhan, China abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32423471/ doi: 10.1186/s13018-020-01702-w id: cord-279559-mob8dbcr author: Coleman, Carl H. title: Equitably Sharing the Benefits and Burdens of Research: Covid‐19 Raises the Stakes date: 2020-05-14 words: 1376 sentences: 79 pages: flesch: 46 cache: ./cache/cord-279559-mob8dbcr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279559-mob8dbcr.txt summary: In the context of Covid‐19, key issues include providing support to clinical trials in low‐ and middle‐income countries, without taking needed resources away from other critical clinical and public health needs; designing recruitment strategies likely to generate sufficient enrollment from groups that have been disproportionately burdened by the virus, such as African Americans; supporting studies designed to improve outcomes in high‐risk environments, such as nursing homes and group homes for the developmentally disabled; and ensuring that the medical products resulting from research are made available throughout the world at an affordable price. 6 The global community must commit to supporting clinical trials in LMICs that contribute to the development of locally relevant interventions, while also ensuring that these efforts do not take resources away from other critical clinical and public health needs. 10 These and other strategies to overcome racial disparities in research will be particularly important in Covid-19 clinical trials, given that the disease is infecting and killing African Americans at a disproportionately high rate. abstract: One of the central principles of research ethics is that the benefits and burdens of research with human participants should be equitably distributed. This principle has important implications for where research will be conducted, how participants will be recruited, what questions will be investigated, and who will control the distribution of any innovations that result. In the context of Covid‐19, key issues include providing support to clinical trials in low‐ and middle‐income countries, without taking needed resources away from other critical clinical and public health needs; designing recruitment strategies likely to generate sufficient enrollment from groups that have been disproportionately burdened by the virus, such as African Americans; supporting studies designed to improve outcomes in high‐risk environments, such as nursing homes and group homes for the developmentally disabled; and ensuring that the medical products resulting from research are made available throughout the world at an affordable price. If clinical trials are not designed with equity considerations consciously in mind, the response to the pandemic may further exacerbate disparities in health status between population groups. url: https://doi.org/10.1002/eahr.500055 doi: 10.1002/eahr.500055 id: cord-011282-hgzneooy author: David, Yadin title: Evidence-based impact by clinical engineers on global patients outcomes date: 2019-07-02 words: 5420 sentences: 262 pages: flesch: 40 cache: ./cache/cord-011282-hgzneooy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-011282-hgzneooy.txt summary: Following the resolution adopted at the first International Clinical Engineering and Health Technology Management Congress [8] that took place in Hangzhou, China, in October 2015, senior members from the CE profession from around the world who participated in the Global CE Summit [9] initiated the international project seeking evidence to the hypothesis that the engagement of CE and BE in guiding HT deployment positively impacts patient outcomes while the null hypothesis was that there is no difference. Safety and Quality services that dependent on complex technological systems is critical for outcomes and therefore identified with its own group of data Technology management group was the next category to be reviewed where CE/BME contributions to organized, integrate, manage, and improve safe and efficient sustainable HT. Overall this review identified evidence from 400 case studies received from 125 countries where management of medical devices (as main component of health technologies) made a positive difference over the past twelve years. abstract: The intersection of technological changes and societal evolution has transformed every aspect of human life. Technological advancements are transforming how healthcare knowledge is expanding and accelerating the outreach of critical medical services delivery (Jamal et al. in Health Information Management Journal 38(3):26–37, 2009). While this transformation facilitates new opportunities simultaneously it also introduces challenges (Jacobzone and Oxley, 2001). Appropriate Health Technology (HT) is vital to new and existing global health care programs. Therefore, qualified professionals who can safely guide the development, evaluation, installation, integration, performance assurance, and risk mitigation of HT must be in position to lead. Trained Clinical Engineers (CE) and Biomedical Engineers (BE) have been recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the essential practitioners to providing this critically needed guidance. Over the past four years, a senior professional group participated in an international project that seeks evidence for the hypothesis - that the engagement of CE and BE in guiding HT - impacts positively on patient outcomes, while the alternative is that there is no difference. The group collected published data that was subjected to peer review screening; additional data qualification conditions are described in this paper. The project was initiated at the Global CE Summit during the first International Clinical Engineering and Health Technology Management Congress (ICEHTMC) in Hangzhou, China in October 2015 (Global Clinical Engineering Summit at the First International Clinical Engineering and Health Technology Management Congress, 2015). Following the adoption of a resolution to investigate CE contributions to the improvement of world health status, an international survey and literature survey were initiated. During the first two years of this project 150 case studies from 90 countries were identified covering the previous ten years. The results of this survey were presented to health leaders at the World Health Organization (WHO) World Health Assembly in 2016. Last year, 250 case studies were added including 35 more countries covering the 2016–2017 period. The combined project contains 400 qualified submissions from 125 countries. The conclusion was that engagement of CE and BME is critical for successful investment in HT and for achieving intended patient outcomes. This paper describes the project’s plan, the results of the literature review performed, and the evidence identified during the process. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7223964/ doi: 10.1007/s12553-019-00345-0 id: cord-021555-rrverrsj author: Delano, Margaret L. title: Biology and Diseases of Ruminants: Sheep, Goats, and Cattle date: 2007-09-02 words: 71765 sentences: 5075 pages: flesch: 49 cache: ./cache/cord-021555-rrverrsj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-021555-rrverrsj.txt summary: These references also provide information regarding vaccination products licensed for use in ruminants and typical herd and flock vaccination parasite control schedules ("Current Veterinary Therapy," 1986 , 1999 "Council report," 1994; "Large Animal Internal Medicine," 1996; Smith and Sherman, 1994) When designing a vaccination program during qualification of a source or at the research facility, it is important to evaluate the local disease incidence and the potential for exposure. Clinical signs in chronic cases in older animals, such as adult goats, include soft stools, weight loss, anorexia, depression, and severe diarrhea, sometimes with mucus and blood. This pathogen does present a complication due to the carrier status of some animals, the likelihood of herd outbreaks, the severity of disease in younger animals, and the morbidity, possible progression to uveitis, and time and treatment costs associated with infections. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7150219/ doi: 10.1016/b978-012263951-7/50017-x id: cord-279255-v861kk0i author: Dhama, Kuldeep title: Coronavirus Disease 2019–COVID-19 date: 2020-06-24 words: 23862 sentences: 1164 pages: flesch: 44 cache: ./cache/cord-279255-v861kk0i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-279255-v861kk0i.txt summary: Recently, a new type of viral infection emerged in Wuhan City, China, and initial genomic sequencing data of this virus do not match with previously sequenced CoVs, suggesting a novel CoV strain (2019-nCoV), which has now been termed severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Compared to diseases caused by previously known human CoVs, COVID-19 shows less severe pathogenesis but higher transmission competence, as is evident from the continuously increasing number of confirmed cases globally. Recently, a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) , emerged in late 2019, and it has posed a global health threat, causing an ongoing pandemic in many countries and territories (1) . Health workers worldwide are currently making efforts to control further disease outbreaks caused by the novel CoV (originally named 2019-nCoV), which was first identified in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, on 12 December 2019. abstract: In recent decades, several new diseases have emerged in different geographical areas, with pathogens including Ebola virus, Zika virus, Nipah virus, and coronaviruses (CoVs). Recently, a new type of viral infection emerged in Wuhan City, China, and initial genomic sequencing data of this virus do not match with previously sequenced CoVs, suggesting a novel CoV strain (2019-nCoV), which has now been termed severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is suspected to originate from an animal host (zoonotic origin) followed by human-to-human transmission, the possibility of other routes should not be ruled out. Compared to diseases caused by previously known human CoVs, COVID-19 shows less severe pathogenesis but higher transmission competence, as is evident from the continuously increasing number of confirmed cases globally. Compared to other emerging viruses, such as Ebola virus, avian H7N9, SARS-CoV, and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), SARS-CoV-2 has shown relatively low pathogenicity and moderate transmissibility. Codon usage studies suggest that this novel virus has been transferred from an animal source, such as bats. Early diagnosis by real-time PCR and next-generation sequencing has facilitated the identification of the pathogen at an early stage. Since no antiviral drug or vaccine exists to treat or prevent SARS-CoV-2, potential therapeutic strategies that are currently being evaluated predominantly stem from previous experience with treating SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and other emerging viral diseases. In this review, we address epidemiological, diagnostic, clinical, and therapeutic aspects, including perspectives of vaccines and preventive measures that have already been globally recommended to counter this pandemic virus. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32580969/ doi: 10.1128/cmr.00028-20 id: cord-022203-t2f0vr1w author: Dowers, Kristy L title: The pyrexic cat date: 2009-05-15 words: 8910 sentences: 761 pages: flesch: 52 cache: ./cache/cord-022203-t2f0vr1w.txt txt: ./txt/cord-022203-t2f0vr1w.txt summary: Clinical signs are often non-specific and include fever, anorexia and weight loss. Gastrointestinal signs are uncommon in cats compared to dogs, and include chronic diarrhea, mesenteric lymphadenopathy and anorexia. • Dysfunction of any organ system may result from granuloma formation within the tissue of that organ, e.g., liver, kidney, spleen, intestines, lungs, etc., however, organ failure producing clinical signs only rarely occurs, and most dysfunction is only detected on biochemical tests. Clinical signs in the acute, fatal form of extraintestinal disease are caused primarily by tissue damage from the rapidly dividing tachyzoites. • Young kittens are more likely to have gastrointestinal signs, although mild clinical disease has been reported in adult cats as well. Systemic signs, which are not present in all cats, include fever, anorexia, lethargy, vomiting, diarrhea and lymphadenopathy. Systemic signs such as fever, anorexia and depression are commonly reported (44% of cats) and can be seen with skin lesions. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7155435/ doi: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-2488-7.50024-7 id: cord-021453-vf8xbaug author: Dysko, Robert C. title: Biology and Diseases of Dogs date: 2007-09-02 words: 41994 sentences: 2688 pages: flesch: 48 cache: ./cache/cord-021453-vf8xbaug.txt txt: ./txt/cord-021453-vf8xbaug.txt summary: The use of dogs continued as biomedical research advanced, and they were featured in many noteworthy studies, including those by Pavlov to observe and document the conditioned reflex response and by Banting and Best to identify the role of insulin in diabetes mellitus. Especially noted in this chapter are infectious diseases associated with the use of random-source dogs that have unknown vaccination history and have had intensive contact with other similar animals at pounds and/or shelters, or conditions seen frequently in the beagle, the most common breed used in biomedical research. Culture requires selective isolation media, and growth is favored by reduced oxygen tension and a temperature of 42~ Any disorder that can cause diarrhea in dogs should be considered as a differential diagnosis, including canine parvovirus, coronavirus, distemper virus, Giardia, and Salmonella infections; helminth infestations; and hemorrhagic gastroenteritis. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7149775/ doi: 10.1016/b978-012263951-7/50014-4 id: cord-344705-co0nk7pt author: Eichler, Hans‐Georg title: Clinical trials for Covid‐19: can we better use the short window of opportunity? date: 2020-05-14 words: 2988 sentences: 140 pages: flesch: 44 cache: ./cache/cord-344705-co0nk7pt.txt txt: ./txt/cord-344705-co0nk7pt.txt summary: We here discuss actions that all stakeholders in the clinical trial ecosystem need to take to ensure that the window of opportunity during this pandemic will not shut, both for patients in need of treatment and for researchers to conduct decision‐relevant clinical trials. Many small stand-alone trials and observational studies of single-agent interventions are currently running or in planning; many of these will likely not deliver robust results that could support regulatory and patient-level treatment decisions. We here discuss actions that all stakeholders in the clinical trial ecosystem need to take to ensure that the window of opportunity during this pandemic will not shut, both for patients in need of treatment and for researchers to conduct decision-relevant clinical trials. Now is the time to ensure that the window of opportunity will not shut, both for patients in need of treatment and for researchers to conduct clinical trials that deliver. abstract: The scientific community has risen to the Covid‐19 challenge, coming up with an impressive list of candidate drugs and vaccines targeting an array of pharmacological and immunological mechanisms. Yet, generating clinical evidence of efficacy and safety of these candidate treatments may be frustrated by the absence of comprehensive trial coordination mechanisms. Many small stand‐alone trials and observational studies of single‐agent interventions are currently running or in planning; many of these will likely not deliver robust results that could support regulatory and patient‐level treatment decisions. We here discuss actions that all stakeholders in the clinical trial ecosystem need to take to ensure that the window of opportunity during this pandemic will not shut, both for patients in need of treatment and for researchers to conduct decision‐relevant clinical trials. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32407539/ doi: 10.1002/cpt.1891 id: cord-296692-t5p09le8 author: Elgin, T.G. title: The changing landscape of SARS-CoV-2: Implications for the maternal-infant dyad date: 2020-09-07 words: 5325 sentences: 303 pages: flesch: 47 cache: ./cache/cord-296692-t5p09le8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-296692-t5p09le8.txt summary: In December of 2019 cases of an unknown viral pneumonia were reported from Wuhan, Hubei, China Although much uncertainty remains, regarding the natural history and demographics of COVID19 , the virus appears to primarily cause infection in adults over 51 with case fatality rates increasing dramatically with age [5] . There are, however, emerging case reports of pregnant mothers who test positive for COVID-19 infection and who remain either completely asymptomatic [23] and or manifest mild symptoms in the subsequent 24 hours following delivery. Although clinical evidence is lacking, the case numbers to date of COVID-19 in pregnancy remain very low [32] and case reports of two neonates who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 shortly after birth lends some credence to the concern. Vertical transmission of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) from infected pregnant mothers to neonates: A review An analysis of 38 pregnant women with COVID-19, their newborn infants, and maternal-fetal transmission of SARS-CoV-2: Maternal coronavirus infections and pregnancy outcomes abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic represents the greatest challenge to date faced by the medical community in the 21st century. The rate of rapid dissemination, magnitude of viral contagiousness, person to person transmission at an asymptomatic phase of illness pose a unique and dangerous challenge for all patients, including neonatal and obstetric patients. Although scientific understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease, nature of transmission, and efficacy of mitigation strategies is growing, neither a cure or vaccine have been developed. While COVID-19 is primarily a disease of older patients, infection is now seen across all age demographics with reports of illness in pregnant patients and infants. Altered hormone status and predominance of Th-2 immune helper cells may result in increased predisposition to SARS-CoV-2. Case reports of pregnant patients demonstrate a clinical presentation comparable to non-pregnant adults, but evidence of vertical transmission to the fetus is controversial. Neonatal reports demonstrate an inconsistent and non-specific phenotype, and it is often difficult to separate COVID-19 from the underlying conditions of prematurity or bacterial infection. The development of international registries to enable risk profiling of COVID-19 positive pregnant mothers and/or their offspring may facilitate the development of enhanced mitigation strategies, medical treatments and effective vaccinations. url: https://doi.org/10.3233/npm-200460 doi: 10.3233/npm-200460 id: cord-287607-d3k26aar author: Emamaullee, Juliet title: Rapid Adaptation of a Surgical Research Unit to Conduct Clinical Trials during the Coronavirus-19 Pandemic. date: 2020-06-29 words: 3271 sentences: 143 pages: flesch: 34 cache: ./cache/cord-287607-d3k26aar.txt txt: ./txt/cord-287607-d3k26aar.txt summary: Ongoing ''Stay at Home'' orders and institutional policies mandating ''Work from Home'' for non-essential employees, which includes most research personnel, have impacted the ability to implement and conduct clinical studies. At the same time, plans were implemented to continue collection of data to achieve endpoints, safely enroll and follow participants in studies offering potential benefit, and quickly implement new COVID-19 clinical trials. These efforts were directed at the identification of the following areas that would require modification: minimization of direct patient care for routine study activities, logistics of research staff working from home, and study-specific protocol deviations, enrollment pauses, and remote site monitoring visits (Figure 3) . Sponsors were highly responsive, providing amendments to allow for study adjustments, including suspension of enrollment when appropriate for a specific study, protocol modifications to allow for remote follow up and designed for participant safety as well as to assure that data collection to achieve endpoints could be collected, and implementation of remote monitoring, etc. abstract: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought most ongoing clinical trials to a standstill, while at the same time emphasizing the need for new therapeutic treatments and strategies to mitigate the morbidity and mortality related to COVID-19. Recent publication of several observational studies has generated much discussion surrounding efficacy of drugs including hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, and remdesivir, stressing the need for high-quality prospective, randomized control trials in patients with COVID-19. Ongoing ‘Stay at Home’ orders and institutional policies mandating ‘Work from Home’ for non-essential employees, which includes most research personnel, have impacted the ability to implement and conduct clinical studies. This article discusses the approach of an experienced clinical trials unit to make adjustments for ongoing studies and ensure the safety of study participants. At the same time, plans were implemented to continue collection of data to achieve endpoints, safely enroll and follow participants in studies offering potential benefit, and quickly implement new COVID-19 clinical trials. The existence of a Division of Clinical Research with regulatory, budgeting, contracting, and coordinating expertise within a Department of Surgery can successfully accommodate a crisis situation and rapidly adapt to new requirements for the safe, efficient, and effective conversion to a remote work force without compromising the research process. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002248042030442X?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.06.049 id: cord-274481-k1dp1ilv author: Falavigna, Maicon title: Guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of COVID-19. The task-force/consensus guideline of the Brazilian Association of Intensive Care Medicine, the Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases and the Brazilian Society of Pulmonology and Tisiology date: 2020 words: 6973 sentences: 447 pages: flesch: 44 cache: ./cache/cord-274481-k1dp1ilv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274481-k1dp1ilv.txt summary: Summary of the evidence: the systematic review identified three comparative clinical trials with available data on the effects of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in COVID-19 patients: two open randomized clinical trials (29, 30) in a patient population with mild to moderate disease, and one cohort study. Recommendation 2 -we suggest against the routine use the hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine plus azithromycin combination for treatment of COVID-19 patients (weak recommendation; Level of Evidence very low). Recommendation 4 -We suggest the use of empirical oseltamivir treatment in patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) or flu-like syndrome with risk factors for complications when a diagnosis of influenza cannot be ruled out (weak recommendation; Level of Evidence very low). Summary of the evidence -two randomized clinical trials assessed the use of lopinavir/ritonavir in COVID-19 patients. abstract: INTRODUCTION: Different therapies are currently used, considered, or proposed for the treatment of COVID-19; for many of those therapies, no appropriate assessment of effectiveness and safety was performed. This document aims to provide scientifically available evidence-based information in a transparent interpretation, to subsidize decisions related to the pharmacological therapy of COVID-19 in Brazil. METHODS: A group of 27 experts and methodologists integrated a task-force formed by professionals from the Brazilian Association of Intensive Care Medicine (Associação de Medicina Intensiva Brasileira - AMIB), the Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases (Sociedad Brasileira de Infectologia - SBI) and the Brazilian Society of Pulmonology and Tisiology (Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia - SBPT). Rapid systematic reviews, updated on April 28, 2020, were conducted. The assessment of the quality of evidence and the development of recommendations followed the GRADE system. The recommendations were written on May 5, 8, and 13, 2020. RESULTS: Eleven recommendations were issued based on low or very-low level evidence. We do not recommend the routine use of hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, azithromycin, lopinavir/ritonavir, corticosteroids, or tocilizumab for the treatment of COVID-19. Prophylactic heparin should be used in hospitalized patients, however, no anticoagulation should be provided for patients without a specific clinical indication. Antibiotics and oseltamivir should only be considered for patients with suspected bacterial or influenza coinfection, respectively. CONCLUSION: So far no pharmacological intervention was proven effective and safe to warrant its use in the routine treatment of COVID-19 patients; therefore such patients should ideally be treated in the context of clinical trials. The recommendations herein provided will be revised continuously aiming to capture newly generated evidence. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32667444/ doi: 10.5935/0103-507x.20200039 id: cord-300325-f3eomugb author: Ferguson, Nadia C. title: Clinical Pharmacists: An Invaluable Part of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Frontline Response date: 2020-10-15 words: 2473 sentences: 118 pages: flesch: 33 cache: ./cache/cord-300325-f3eomugb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-300325-f3eomugb.txt summary: Scientific literature and media outlets constantly highlight the work of nurses and doctors on the frontline, but this article will specifically focus on the role of the clinical pharmacist during the coronavirus pandemic emphasizing the extraordinary work done to ensure safe effective therapy was provided to optimize health outcomes in hospitalized patients (5) (6) (7) (8) . In cases where adequate supply could not be obtained in a timely manner, clinical pharmacists used the established communication channels with their clinical teams to implement preemptive shortage management strategies that avoided therapeutic interruptions, optimized patient care, and mitigated stress for other frontline staff. To ensure rapid system-wide implementation of strategies such as the use of alternative analgosedation for an entire unit, clinical pharmacists established direct email communication chains with the Chair of the Medicine and Critical Care departments, who included these recommendations in their daily briefings to hospitalists and advanced practice practitioners in those areas. abstract: Although coronavirus disease 2019 was first identified in December 2019, it rapidly spread and became a global pandemic. The number of patients infected with the novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) rose rapidly in New York State, placing great stress on healthcare systems. The traditional roles and practices of healthcare providers were dramatically redefined to meet the demand to care for the large number of ill patients. While literature reports on the experiences of many frontline staff, there is a scarcity of reports on the role of clinical pharmacists during this crisis. We report the role of critical care clinical pharmacists at a large academic medical center in New York City during this pandemic. Effective crisis management required clinical pharmacists to employ a wide array of skills and knowledge. Areas included clinical expertise, education, data analysis, health informatics infrastructure, and inventory management in times of surging medication use and manufacturer shortages. Clinical pharmacists fulfilled an essential service during the coronavirus pandemic by working to ensure the best possible outcomes for the patients they served on the frontline. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33134940/ doi: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000243 id: cord-026031-hnf5vayd author: Ford, Richard B. title: Emergency Care date: 2009-05-21 words: 112343 sentences: 6645 pages: flesch: 44 cache: ./cache/cord-026031-hnf5vayd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-026031-hnf5vayd.txt summary: Fresh whole blood Coagulopathy with active hemorrhage (disseminated intravascular coagulation, thrombocytopenia; massive acute hemorrhage; no stored blood available) Stored whole blood Massive acute or ongoing hemorrhage; hypovolemic shock caused by hemorrhage that is unresponsive to conventional crystalloid and colloid fluid therapy; unavailability of equipment required to prepare blood components Packed red blood cells Nonregenerative anemia, immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, correction of anemia before surgery, acute or chronic blood loss Fresh frozen plasma Factor depletion associated with active hemorrhage (congenital: von Willebrand''s factor, hemophilia A, hemophilia B; acquired: vitamin K antagonist, rodenticide intoxication, DIC); acute or chronic hypoproteinemia (burns, wound exudates, body cavity effusion; hepatic, renal, or gastrointestinal loss); colostrum replacement in neonates Frozen plasma Acute plasma or protein loss; chronic hypoproteinemia; (contains stable colostrum replacement in neonates; hemophilia B and clotting factors) selected clotting factor deficiencies Platelet-rich plasma* Thrombocytopenia with active hemorrhage (immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, DIC); platelet function abnormality (congenital: thrombasthenia in Bassett hounds; acquired: NSAIDs, other drugs) Cryoprecipitate abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7271342/ doi: 10.1016/b0-72-160138-3/50002-3 id: cord-023913-pnjhi8cu author: Foreman, Stephen title: Broader Considerations of Medical and Dental Data Integration date: 2011-10-08 words: 47663 sentences: 2231 pages: flesch: 44 cache: ./cache/cord-023913-pnjhi8cu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-023913-pnjhi8cu.txt summary: So while there has been no shortage of effort paid to improving Medicare, the one common theme in all of the recent initiatives is that dental care has been conspicuously 1 A new study by Hedlund, Jeffcoat, Genco and Tanna funded by CIGNA of patients with Type II diabetes and periodontal disease found that medical costs of patients who received maintenance therapy were $2483.51 per year lower than patients who did not. Examples of integrated care models do exist, such as that presented by (Heuer 2007 ) involving school-linked and school-based clinics with an "innovative health infrastructure." According to Heuer, "Neighborhood Outreach Action for Health (NOAH)" is staffed by two nurse practitioners and a part-time physician to provide "primary medical services to more than 3,200 uninsured patients each year" in Scottsdale, Arizona. abstract: Dental health insurance coverage in the United States is either nonexistent (Medicare and the uninsured), spotty (Medicaid) and limited (most employer-based private benefit plans). Perhaps as a result, dental health in the United States is not good. What public policy makers may not appreciate is that this may well be impacting medical care costs in a way that improved dental benefits would produce a substantial return to investment in expanded dental insurance coverage. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7177026/ doi: 10.1007/978-1-4471-2185-5_4 id: cord-021494-9glqvzfx author: Funkhouser, William K. title: Pathology: The Clinical Description of Human Disease date: 2012-07-27 words: 2798 sentences: 151 pages: flesch: 37 cache: ./cache/cord-021494-9glqvzfx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-021494-9glqvzfx.txt summary: The mental construct of etiology (cause), pathogenesis (progression), natural history (clinical outcome), and response to therapy is the standard approach for pathologists thinking about a disease. Diagnostic pathology will continue to use morphology and complementary data from protein (immunohistochemical) and nucleic acid (cytogenetics, in situ hybridization, DNA sequence, and RNA abundance) screening assays. It is possible that each new neoplasm will be promptly defined as to ploidy, translocations, gene copy number differences, DNA mutations, and RNA expression cluster subset, allowing residual disease screening as well as individualized therapy. Pathologists diagnose disease by generating a differential diagnosis, then finding the best fit for the clinical presentation, the radiographic appearance, and the pathologic (both clinical lab and morphologic) findings. Pathologists diagnose disease by generating a differential diagnosis, then finding the best fit for the clinical presentation, the radiographic appearance, and the pathologic (both clinical lab and morphologic) findings. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7150024/ doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-374418-0.00011-6 id: cord-253295-82ydczid author: Funkhouser, William K. title: Pathology: the clinical description of human disease date: 2020-07-24 words: 8864 sentences: 396 pages: flesch: 34 cache: ./cache/cord-253295-82ydczid.txt txt: ./txt/cord-253295-82ydczid.txt summary: Patient workup uses present illness history with reference to past medical history, review of other organ systems for other abnormalities, review of family history, physical examination, radiographic studies, clinical laboratory studies (for example, peripheral blood or CSF specimens), and anatomic pathology laboratory studies (for example, tissue biopsy or pleural fluid cytology specimens). Obviously, arrival at the correct diagnosis is a function of the examining physician and pathologist (fund of knowledge, experience, alertness), the prevalence of the disease in question in the particular patient (age, race, sex, site), and the sensitivity/ specificity of the screening tests used (physical exam, vital signs, blood solutes, tissue stains, genetic assays). However, understanding the molecular and cellular pathogenesis of a disease allows development of screening methods to determine risk for clinically unaffected individuals, as well as mechanistic approaches to specific therapy. abstract: Pathology is that field of science and medicine concerned with the study of diseases, specifically their initial causes (etiologies), their step-wise progressions (pathogenesis), and their effects on normal structure and function. This chapter will consider the history of relevant discoveries and technologies that have led to our current understanding of diseases, as well as the Pathologist’s current role in the diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of response of human diseases. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/B9780128132579000115 doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-813257-9.00011-5 id: cord-343715-y594iewi author: Gavriatopoulou, Maria title: Organ-specific manifestations of COVID-19 infection date: 2020-07-27 words: 8765 sentences: 447 pages: flesch: 38 cache: ./cache/cord-343715-y594iewi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-343715-y594iewi.txt summary: Patients infected with this new coronavirus present with a variety of symptoms, which range from asymptomatic disease to mild and moderate symptoms (mild pneumonia), severe symptoms (dyspnoea, hypoxia, or > 50% lung involvement on imaging) and symptoms of critical illness (acute respiratory distress syndrome, respiratory failure, shock or multiorgan system dysfunction). A large retrospective observational study from China showed that among 214 hospitalized patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, 36.4% had neurological manifestations [114] . The correlation of disease severity with neurological symptoms was confirmed by another retrospective study from France, reporting a prevalence of 84% of neurological manifestations in 58 hospitalized patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to COVID-19 [115] . Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series abstract: Although COVID-19 presents primarily as a lower respiratory tract infection transmitted via air droplets, increasing data suggest multiorgan involvement in patients that are infected. This systemic involvement is postulated to be mainly related to the SARS-CoV-2 virus binding on angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors located on several different human cells. Lung involvement is the most common serious manifestation of the disease, ranging from asymptomatic disease or mild pneumonia, to severe disease associated with hypoxia, critical disease associated with shock, respiratory failure and multiorgan failure or death. Among patients with COVID-19, underlying cardiovascular comorbidities including hypertension, diabetes and especially cardiovascular disease, has been associated with adverse outcomes, whereas the emergence of cardiovascular complications, including myocardial injury, heart failure and arrhythmias, has been associated with poor survival. Gastrointestinal symptoms are also frequently encountered and may persist for several days. Haematological complications are frequent as well and have been associated with poor prognosis. Furthermore, recent studies have reported that over a third of infected patients develop a broad spectrum of neurological symptoms affecting the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system and skeletal muscles, including anosmia and ageusia. The skin, the kidneys, the liver, the endocrine organs and the eyes are also affected by the systemic COVID-19 disease. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of the organ-specific systemic manifestations of COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32720223/ doi: 10.1007/s10238-020-00648-x id: cord-274283-ukhgs6z1 author: Goel, Sunny title: Clinical Characteristics and In-Hospital Mortality for COVID-19 Across The Globe date: 2020-07-18 words: 1982 sentences: 111 pages: flesch: 40 cache: ./cache/cord-274283-ukhgs6z1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274283-ukhgs6z1.txt summary: INTRODUCTION: Numerous case series have reported on the baseline characteristics and in-hospital mortality of patients with COVID-19, however, these studies included patients localized in a specific geographic region. Numerous case series have reported on the baseline characteristics and in-hospital mortality of patients with COVID-19, however, these studies included patients localized in a specific geographic region. Numerous case series have reported on the baseline characteristics and inhospital mortality of patients with COVID-19, however, these studies included patients localized in a specific geographic region [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] . We included studies that had more than ten adult patients ([ 18 years), and reported clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19, along with all-cause mortality as one of the outcomes. Clinical features, laboratory characteristics, and outcomes of patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): early report from the United States Clinical Characteristics and outcomes of older patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective study abstract: INTRODUCTION: Numerous case series have reported on the baseline characteristics and in-hospital mortality of patients with COVID-19, however, these studies included patients localized in a specific geographic region. The purpose of our study was to identify differences in the clinical characteristics and the in-hospital mortality of patients with a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 internationally. METHODS: A comprehensive search of all published literature on adult patients with laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 that reported on the clinical characteristics and in-hospital mortality was performed. Groups were compared using a Chi-square test with Yates correction of continuity. A two-tailed p value of less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS: After screening 516 studies across the globe, 43 studies from 12 countries were included in our final analysis. Patients with COVID-19 in America and Europe were older compared to their Asian counterparts. Europe had the highest percentage of male patients. American and European patients had a higher incidence of co-morbid conditions (p < 0.05 for all variables). In-hospital mortality was significantly higher in America (22.23%) and Europe (22.9%) compared to Asia (12.65%) (p < 0.0001), but no difference was seen when compared with each other (p = 0.49). CONCLUSIONS: There is a significant variation in the clinical characteristics in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 across the globe. In-hospital mortality is similar between America and Europe, but considerably higher than Asia. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32683639/ doi: 10.1007/s40119-020-00189-0 id: cord-304479-uxp1kg86 author: Goodarzi, Pedram title: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Immunological approaches and emerging pharmacologic treatments date: 2020-08-08 words: 8098 sentences: 434 pages: flesch: 41 cache: ./cache/cord-304479-uxp1kg86.txt txt: ./txt/cord-304479-uxp1kg86.txt summary: Finally, recently, a case report study from Japan shows that orally inhaled ciclesonide alleviates the local inflammation in the lung of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and inhibits the propagation of the virus by antiviral activity [60] . In the same way, a recent case-report study showed that the adoptive transfer therapy of human umbilical cord blood derived-mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) to a Chinese female patient afflicted with acute COVID19 syndromes improved her laboratory tests and CT images [69] . In vitro evidence of activity against SARS-CoV-2 in infected Vero E6 cells reported with high concentrations of the drug [104, 105, 142] FPV significantly improved the latency to relief for pyrexia and cough [99] FPV in patients with COVID-19 led to decrease of viral load and significant improvement in chest imaging compared with the control arm [98] abstract: The SARS-CoV-2 virus is an etiological agent of pandemic COVID-19, which spreads rapidly worldwide. No proven effective therapies currently exist for this virus, and efforts to develop antiviral strategies for the treatment of COVID-19 are underway. The rapidly increasing understanding of SARS-CoV-2 virology provides a notable number of possible immunological procedures and drug targets. However, gaps remain in our understanding of the pathogenesis of COVID-19. In this review, we describe the latest information in the context of immunological approaches and emerging current antiviral strategies for COVID-19 treatment. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/S1567576920323092 doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106885 id: cord-333340-ekok0mp5 author: Graf, Erin H. title: Appropriate Use and Future Directions of Molecular Diagnostic Testing date: 2020-02-06 words: 5773 sentences: 289 pages: flesch: 33 cache: ./cache/cord-333340-ekok0mp5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333340-ekok0mp5.txt summary: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Major technologic advances in two main areas of molecular infectious disease diagnostics have resulted in accelerated adoption or ordering, outpacing implementation, and clinical utility studies. More studies are needed to assess their prospective impacts on patient management and antimicrobial stewardship efforts as the future state of infectious disease diagnostics will see continued expansion of these technologic advances. This review will highlight recent studies developing and applying emerging molecular infectious disease technologies and touch on limited published data on clinical utility and stewardship approaches. Ideally, we would evaluate all of these approaches via randomized controlled trials comparing patient outcomes between conventional microbiologic testing and testing including a syndromic panel; however, very limited studies addressing this have been published [8] . One of the only randomized controlled trials also found no difference in antibiotic usage, including duration, between adults tested via syndromic panel at the point-of-care compared to patients receiving conventional testing in a hospital emergency department and inpatient unit [15] . abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Major technologic advances in two main areas of molecular infectious disease diagnostics have resulted in accelerated adoption or ordering, outpacing implementation, and clinical utility studies. Physicians must understand the limitations to and appropriate utilization of these technologies in order to provide cost-effective and well-informed care for their patients. RECENT FINDINGS: Rapid molecular testing and, to a lesser degree, clinical metagenomics are now being routinely used in clinical practice. While these tests allow for a breadth of interrogation not possible with conventional microbiology, they pose new challenges for diagnostic and antimicrobial stewardship programs. This review will summarize the most recent literature on these two categories of technologic advances and discuss the few studies that have looked at utilization and stewardship approaches. This review also highlights the future directions for both of these technologies. SUMMARY: The appropriate utilization of rapid molecular testing and clinical metagenomics has not been well established. More studies are needed to assess their prospective impacts on patient management and antimicrobial stewardship efforts as the future state of infectious disease diagnostics will see continued expansion of these technologic advances. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11908-020-0714-5 doi: 10.1007/s11908-020-0714-5 id: cord-340656-ltd6ueoi author: Grant, Michael C. title: The prevalence of symptoms in 24,410 adults infected by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis of 148 studies from 9 countries date: 2020-06-23 words: 3435 sentences: 199 pages: flesch: 48 cache: ./cache/cord-340656-ltd6ueoi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340656-ltd6ueoi.txt summary: title: The prevalence of symptoms in 24,410 adults infected by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis of 148 studies from 9 countries Furthermore, with few included studies (30 in the largest and most recent [12] ), the range of symptoms were limited and the estimates of prevalence are likely to be upwardly biased because only unwell patients (largely those admitted to hospital) were tested in the early phase of the outbreak. We excluded case reports, articles which failed to disaggregate symptoms in adult and paediatric cohorts, studies of patients with prior respiratory infections (e.g. tuberculosis) or co-infections with other viruses (e.g. similar viruses SARS-CoV-1 or HCoV-EMC/2012, etc) and articles which we are unable to translate to English in a timely fashion. Clinical characteristics of laboratory confirmed positive cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan, China: A retrospective single center analysis Epidemiological, clinical and virological characteristics of 74 cases of coronavirus-infected disease 2019 (COVID-19) with gastrointestinal symptoms abstract: BACKGROUND: To limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2, an evidence-based understanding of the symptoms is critical to inform guidelines for quarantining and testing. The most common features are purported to be fever and a new persistent cough, although the global prevalence of these symptoms remains unclear. The aim of this systematic review is to determine the prevalence of symptoms associated with COVID-19 worldwide. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, AMED, medRxiv and bioRxiv on 5(th) April 2020 for studies of adults (>16 years) with laboratory test confirmed COVID-19. No language or publication status restrictions were applied. Data were independently extracted by two review authors into standardised forms. All datapoints were independently checked by three other review authors. A random-effects model for pooling of binomial data was applied to estimate the prevalence of symptoms, subgrouping estimates by country. I(2) was used to assess inter-study heterogeneity. RESULTS: Of 851 unique citations, 148 articles were included which comprised 24,410 adults with confirmed COVID-19 from 9 countries. The most prevalent symptoms were fever (78% [95% CI 75%-81%]; 138 studies, 21,701 patients; I(2) 94%), a cough (57% [95% CI 54%-60%]; 138 studies, 21,682 patients; I(2) 94%) and fatigue (31% [95% CI 27%-35%]; 78 studies, 13,385 patients; I(2) 95%). Overall, 19% of hospitalised patients required non-invasive ventilation (44 studies, 6,513 patients), 17% required intensive care (33 studies, 7504 patients), 9% required invasive ventilation (45 studies, 6933 patients) and 2% required extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (12 studies, 1,486 patients). The mortality rate was 7% (73 studies, 10,402 patients). CONCLUSIONS: We confirm that fever and cough are the most prevalent symptoms of adults infected by SARS-CoV-2. However, there is a large proportion of infected adults which symptoms-alone do not identify. url: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0234765 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234765 id: cord-273973-3uxg97tu author: Guenette, Alexis title: Infectious Complications Following Solid Organ Transplantation date: 2019-01-31 words: 5621 sentences: 340 pages: flesch: 31 cache: ./cache/cord-273973-3uxg97tu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-273973-3uxg97tu.txt summary: Always consider previous microbiological data and local epidemiology with regards to empiric antibiotics CAP should include empiric coverage for atypicals along with community-associated organisms HAP and VAP should include broad gram-positive coverage, especially MRSA, along with broad gram-negative coverage, including ESBLs and CREs if warranted Influenza is the only virus with approved treatment, oseltamavir; therefore, this should be started empirically if there is a concern Antifungals should not be started empirically, even in lung transplant recipients; however, fungal infections should be worked up thoroughly pathogen, source control, and adjustment of immunosuppression is the hallmark of treatment. Always consider previous microbiological data along with local epidemiology with regards to empiric antibiotic decisions Asymptomatic bacteriuria should only be treated in renal transplant patients during the first month posttransplantation Antimicrobials should be tailored to the causative agent, with durations that generally range from 7 to 21 days depending on the clinical context Fluconazole is the treatment of choice for cystitis and pyelonephritis if Candida is the causative organism abstract: Infections in solid organ transplant recipients are complex and heterogeneous. This article reviews the clinical syndromes that will likely be encountered in the intensive care unit and helps to guide in the therapy and management of these patients. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0749070418307425 doi: 10.1016/j.ccc.2018.08.004 id: cord-289520-i6pv90s9 author: Harris, Carlyn title: An evidence-based framework for priority clinical research questions for COVID-19 date: 2020-03-31 words: 4699 sentences: 282 pages: flesch: 46 cache: ./cache/cord-289520-i6pv90s9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-289520-i6pv90s9.txt summary: RESULTS: From the research objectives for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, ten themes in the literature were identified: Clinical characterisation, prognosis, diagnosis, clinical management, viral pathogenesis, epidemiological characterisation, infection prevention and control/transmission, susceptibility, psychosocial, and aetiology. Outbreaks, especially of novel agents, create a pressing need to collect data on clinical characterization, treatment, and validation of new diagnostics to inform rapid public health response. We compared our findings to the 2018 systematic review on SARS and MERS to determine which questions have already been addressed, what information is lacking, and provide recommendations for data sharing and clinical study designs to be conducted during the current outbreak. These observational studies are practical in the fast-paced outbreak setting, as they are easier than randomised controlled The First Few X (FFX) WHO Protocol https://www.who.int/publications-detail/the-first-few-x-(ffx)-cases-and-contact-investigation-protocol-for-2019-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)-infection) What are the risk factors for death or severe illness? abstract: BACKGROUND: On 31 December, 2019, the World Health Organization China Country Office was informed of cases of pneumonia of unknown aetiology. Since then, there have been over 75 000 cases globally of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19), 2000 deaths, and over 14 000 cases recovered. Outbreaks of novel agents represent opportunities for clinical research to inform real-time public health action. In 2018, we conducted a systematic review to identify priority research questions for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Here, we review information available on COVID-19 and provide an evidenced-based framework for priority clinical research in the current outbreak. METHODS: Three bibliographic databases were searched to identify clinical studies published on SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV in the outbreak setting. Studies were grouped thematically according to clinical research questions addressed. In February 2020, available information on COVID19 was reviewed and compared to the results of the SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV systematic review. RESULTS: From the research objectives for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, ten themes in the literature were identified: Clinical characterisation, prognosis, diagnosis, clinical management, viral pathogenesis, epidemiological characterisation, infection prevention and control/transmission, susceptibility, psychosocial, and aetiology. For COVID19, some information on clinical presentation, diagnostic testing, and aetiology is available but many clinical research gaps have yet to be filled. CONCLUSIONS: Based on a systematic review of other severe coronaviruses, we summarise the state of clinical research for COVID-19, highlight the research gaps, and provide recommendations for the implementation of standardised protocols. Data based on internationally standardised protocols will inform clinical practice real-time. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32257173/ doi: 10.7189/jogh.10-011001 id: cord-001687-paax8pqh author: Henkel, Jan title: Bone Regeneration Based on Tissue Engineering Conceptions — A 21st Century Perspective date: 2013-09-25 words: 15788 sentences: 674 pages: flesch: 35 cache: ./cache/cord-001687-paax8pqh.txt txt: ./txt/cord-001687-paax8pqh.txt summary: Engineering functional bone using combinations of cells, scaffolds and bioactive factors is a promising strategy and a particular feature for future development in the area of hybrid materials which are able to exhibit suitable biomimetic and mechanical properties. Engineering functional bone using combinations of cells, scaffolds and bioactive factors are seen as a promising approach and these techniques will undoubtedly lead to ceaseless possibilities for tissue regeneration and repair. According to the "diamond concept" of bone tissue engineering (77) (78) , an ideal bone substitute material should offer an osteoinductive three-dimensional structure, contain osteogenic cells and osteoinductive factors, have sufficient mechanical properties and promote vascularisation. As reviewed in detail in Reference (200) , we were able to demonstrate the in vivo capability of our composite scaffolds in combination with growth factors or cells to promote bone regeneration within ectopic sites or critical sized cranial defects in the small animal models. abstract: The role of Bone Tissue Engineering in the field of Regenerative Medicine has been the topic of substantial research over the past two decades. Technological advances have improved orthopaedic implants and surgical techniques for bone reconstruction. However, improvements in surgical techniques to reconstruct bone have been limited by the paucity of autologous materials available and donor site morbidity. Recent advances in the development of biomaterials have provided attractive alternatives to bone grafting expanding the surgical options for restoring the form and function of injured bone. Specifically, novel bioactive (second generation) biomaterials have been developed that are characterised by controlled action and reaction to the host tissue environment, whilst exhibiting controlled chemical breakdown and resorption with an ultimate replacement by regenerating tissue. Future generations of biomaterials (third generation) are designed to be not only osteoconductive but also osteoinductive, i.e. to stimulate regeneration of host tissues by combining tissue engineering and in situ tissue regeneration methods with a focus on novel applications. These techniques will lead to novel possibilities for tissue regeneration and repair. At present, tissue engineered constructs that may find future use as bone grafts for complex skeletal defects, whether from post-traumatic, degenerative, neoplastic or congenital/developmental “origin” require osseous reconstruction to ensure structural and functional integrity. Engineering functional bone using combinations of cells, scaffolds and bioactive factors is a promising strategy and a particular feature for future development in the area of hybrid materials which are able to exhibit suitable biomimetic and mechanical properties. This review will discuss the state of the art in this field and what we can expect from future generations of bone regeneration concepts. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4472104/ doi: 10.4248/br201303002 id: cord-349210-8t4a5qqo author: Ji, Ping title: Immunomodulatory Therapeutic Proteins in COVID‐19: Current Clinical Development and Clinical Pharmacology Considerations date: 2020-08-10 words: 7698 sentences: 436 pages: flesch: 40 cache: ./cache/cord-349210-8t4a5qqo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-349210-8t4a5qqo.txt summary: Immunomodulatory biological therapies are being evaluated in clinical trials for the management of the systemic inflammatory response and pulmonary complications in patients with advanced stages of COVID‐19. A randomized, open-label, controlled trial for the efficacy and safety of adalimumab in patients with elevated TNF-α levels in the critical stages of severe COVID-19 is ongoing in Shanghai, China, with the main outcome of time to clinical improvement. A Phase 2 trial of the efficacy and safety of infliximab was initiated to evaluate whether early institution of TNF-α inhibitor therapy in patients with severe COVID-19 infections could prevent further clinical deterioration and reduce the need for advanced cardiorespiratory support and early mortality at a 5 mg/kg IV single dose. extrinsic factors ( Route of administration: As described before, the immunomodulatory therapeutic proteins currently in clinical trials for the treatment of COVID-19 mostly are directed towards patients with moderate and severe stages of the disease. abstract: The COVID‐19 pandemic caused by infection with SARS‐CoV‐2 has led to more than 600,000 deaths worldwide. Patients with severe disease often experience acute respiratory distress characterized by upregulation of multiple cytokines. Immunomodulatory biological therapies are being evaluated in clinical trials for the management of the systemic inflammatory response and pulmonary complications in patients with advanced stages of COVID‐19. In this review, we summarize the clinical pharmacology considerations in the development of immunomodulatory therapeutic proteins for mitigating the heightened inflammatory response identified in COVID‐19. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved url: https://doi.org/10.1002/jcph.1729 doi: 10.1002/jcph.1729 id: cord-022526-j9kg00qf author: Jones, Samuel L. title: Disorders of the Gastrointestinal System date: 2009-05-18 words: 108803 sentences: 5988 pages: flesch: 38 cache: ./cache/cord-022526-j9kg00qf.txt txt: ./txt/cord-022526-j9kg00qf.txt summary: Examination of the cardiovascular system (heart, peripheral pulse, and mucous membranes), lungs, and abdomen is essential to detect clinical signs of systemic inflammation from endotoxemia, coagulation disorders, dehydration, ileus, shock, and other abnormalities resulting from injury to the small or large intestine. Several reports suggest the efficacy of cisapride in managing intestinal disease in horses, including the resolution of persistent large colon impaction, treatment of equine grass sickness, and as a preventative for POI in horses after small intestinal surgery (0.1 mg/kg body mass intramuscularly during the postoperative period). 9 Primary role-players in DPJ-associated ileus include peritoneal inflammation, inflammatory cell migration/activation within the muscularis, small intestinal mechanical distention, and effects of endotoxin absorption. Diarrhea probably results from the severe ulceration and inflammation of the large intestine, causing increased secretion of water, electrolytes, and protein and decreased absorption of fluid. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7158198/ doi: 10.1016/b0-72-169777-1/50015-9 id: cord-280093-w71e0ex9 author: Jung, So-Young title: Monitoring in clinical trials of complementary and alternative medicine date: 2020-09-23 words: 2250 sentences: 129 pages: flesch: 45 cache: ./cache/cord-280093-w71e0ex9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-280093-w71e0ex9.txt summary: BACKGROUND: Clinical trial monitoring is an essential activity for quality assurance (QA) to ensure the protection of human rights and the reliability and transparency of the data collection process. Monitoring in the context of a clinical trial entails many types of systematic activity to ensure that the study is conducted and data are acquired according to the planned protocol in compliance with Good Clinical Practice (GCP) and relevant legislation. The main roles of a monitor are defined by GCP, and are classified according to the principal purpose of monitoring as follows: first, they must ensure protection of human rights during the trial by checking that all study participants have provided written informed consent; second, they must ensure that the data collected are accurate and complete by checking the source documents; and third, they must confirm whether or not the study is conducted Essential documents for evaluation of trial conduct and the quality of the study data according to ICH-GCP 2 need to be updated and kept secure in the research institution and sponsor site in a timely manner. abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinical trial monitoring is an essential activity for quality assurance (QA) to ensure the protection of human rights and the reliability and transparency of the data collection process. The purpose of this article is to enhance the understanding of monitoring process and major findings in clinical trials of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). METHODS: Based on International Conference on Harmonization of technical requirements for registration of pharmaceuticals for human use (ICH-GCP), we summarized main concept of monitoring process. Personal experiences on monitoring for CAM studies were also narratively described. RESULTS: In this brief article, the basic concept of QA and quality control (QC), various monitoring activities during the study process, and major findings regarding clinical trials of CAM are suggested in an effort to improve understanding of monitoring in clinical research on CAM. CONCLUSION: When performing clinical trials for CAM-related interventions, the monitoring recommended in GCP is needed to be recognized as a mandatory element in the course of CAM research. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213422020303024?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.imr.2020.100666 id: cord-002626-jzwwses4 author: Kaul, Karen L. title: The Case for Laboratory Developed Procedures: Quality and Positive Impact on Patient Care date: 2017-07-16 words: 14822 sentences: 754 pages: flesch: 40 cache: ./cache/cord-002626-jzwwses4.txt txt: ./txt/cord-002626-jzwwses4.txt summary: Clinical laboratories have thus had to develop new assays or modified the existing FDA-approved ones to detect high-risk HPV genotypes in head and neck cancer specimens. The vast majority of reporting laboratories utilized LDPs. 57 KRAS and RAS family gene mutation analysis is also critical in the management of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and other tumors, 58 for which FDA approval of kits has not occurred; LDPs or off-label use of kits is required. 74, 75 The FDA approval of anti-EGFR therapies based on clinical trial outcomes data resulted in the need for clinical laboratories to test tumor tissue for the EGFR-sensitizing mutations in order for patients to be eligible for treatment. During those ground-breaking first 15 years of the targeted cancer therapy era, if the laboratory community had been prohibited from providing high-quality, standardized LDP-based testing under existing CLIA guidelines, the negative consequences to patient care in the past and the future would have been substantial. abstract: An explosion of knowledge and technology is revolutionizing medicine and patient care. Novel testing must be brought to the clinic with safety and accuracy, but also in a timely and cost-effective manner, so that patients can benefit and laboratories can offer testing consistent with current guidelines. Under the oversight provided by the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments, laboratories have been able to develop and optimize laboratory procedures for use in-house. Quality improvement programs, interlaboratory comparisons, and the ability of laboratories to adjust assays as needed to improve results, utilize new sample types, or incorporate new mutations, information, or technologies are positive aspects of Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments oversight of laboratory-developed procedures. Laboratories have a long history of successful service to patients operating under Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments. A series of detailed clinical examples illustrating the quality and positive impact of laboratory-developed procedures on patient care is provided. These examples also demonstrate how Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments oversight ensures accurate, reliable, and reproducible testing in clinical laboratories. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5528950/ doi: 10.1177/2374289517708309 id: cord-283202-5fq1wxz8 author: Kent, Marc title: The cat with neurological manifestations of systemic disease. Key conditions impacting on the CNS date: 2009-05-31 words: 7327 sentences: 518 pages: flesch: 40 cache: ./cache/cord-283202-5fq1wxz8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283202-5fq1wxz8.txt summary: This article reviews the clinical signs, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of four important systemic diseases with neurological consequences: feline infectious peritonitis, toxoplasmosis, hypertension and hepatic encephalopathy. A presumptive diagnosis is based on a combination of clinical signs, evidence of recent or active infection (gained via serology for immunoglobulins or immune complexes, or PCR), exclusion of other disease processes, and response to therapy. Consequently, affected cats often demonstrate signs relating to renal disease or hyperthyroidism, given the high prevalence of hypertension with these disorders. Hepatic encephalopathy is the clinical syndrome of abnormal neurological function caused by portosystemic shunting, with or without intrinsic liver disease. Use of anti-coronavirus antibody testing of cerebrospinal fluid for diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis involving the central nervous system in cats Non-invasive blood pressure measurements in cats: clinical significance of hypertension associated with chronic renal failure abstract: Practical relevance A number of systemic diseases are associated with neurological deficits. Most systemic diseases that impact on the nervous system result in multifocal neurological signs; however, isolated deficits can also be observed. This article reviews the clinical signs, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of four important systemic diseases with neurological consequences: feline infectious peritonitis, toxoplasmosis, hypertension and hepatic encephalopathy. Clinical challenges Early recognition of systemic signs of illness in conjunction with neurological deficits will allow for prompt diagnosis and treatment. While neurological examination of the feline patient can undoubtedly be challenging, hopefully the accompanying articles in this special issue will enable the clinician to approach these cases with more confidence. Evidence base The veterinary literature contains numerous reports detailing the impact of systemic disease on the nervous system. Unfortunately, very few references provide detailed descriptions of large cohorts of affected cats. This review summarises the literature underpinning the four key diseases under discussion. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1098612X09000837 doi: 10.1016/j.jfms.2009.03.007 id: cord-255139-hswef5ky author: Khan, Safdar A. title: Differential Diagnosis of Common Acute Toxicologic Versus Nontoxicologic Illness date: 2018-11-30 words: 859 sentences: 50 pages: flesch: 34 cache: ./cache/cord-255139-hswef5ky.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255139-hswef5ky.txt summary: This article provides a display table laying out the differential diagnosis of common acute toxicologic versus nontoxicologic illnesses in small animals. Upon presentation of an acutely ill animal, a veterinary professional must consider poisoning as a potential cause among the differentials. Before obtaining a complete case history, the first goal should be to stabilize the patient and preserve life of the acutely ill animal irrespective of the cause. A majority of clinical cases on presentation are treated supportively as only a very few specific antidotes are available or needed for treating specific poisonings. Other samples for toxicology testing in a diagnostic laboratory include whole blood for heavy metal analysis (lead), blood cholinesterases (organophosphate poisoning), and presence of pesticides (anticoagulant rodenticides). Table 1 outlines some important toxicologic versus nontoxicologic rule-outs based on clinical abnormalities one must consider in an acutely ill animal. An acutely ill animal with sudden onset of clinical effects may often have multiple major clinical signs/abnormalities present. abstract: This article provides a display table laying out the differential diagnosis of common acute toxicologic versus nontoxicologic illnesses in small animals. Major clinical abnormalities are listed, along with common toxicologic rule outs and nontoxicologic rule outs. Further readings are also provided. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195561618300822 doi: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2018.07.003 id: cord-018335-4l7scdqk author: Kiechle, Frederick L. title: Utilization Management in a Large Community Hospital date: 2016-12-01 words: 11062 sentences: 549 pages: flesch: 40 cache: ./cache/cord-018335-4l7scdqk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-018335-4l7scdqk.txt summary: In preparation for the shift from fee-for-service to a valuebased payment system [ 15 ] large community hospitals have been actively engaged in three enterprises which will impact laboratory test utilization: buying physician practices, increasing the use of hospitalists and consolidation of hospitals. Certainly, utilization management of POCT programs will require investigations to determine the relationship between total laboratory turn-around time for results, patient outcome and hospital costs using cost effectiveness analyses [ 36 ] . As technology advances, the traditionally " agrarian society " of the laboratory is becoming more industrialized with the implementation of automation, molecular based testing, and use of mass spectrometry ( MALDI-TOF -Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight). However, all of these technological advances are shortening the time for a laboratory diagnosis and ultimately maximizing the impact to patient care and how physicians at a large community hospital will utilize the more rapid microbiology laboratory services. abstract: The utilization management of laboratory tests in a large community hospital is similar to academic and smaller community hospitals. There are numerous factors that influence laboratory utilization. Outside influences like hospitals buying physician practices, increasing numbers of hospitalists, and hospital consolidation will influence the number and complexity of the test menu that will need to be monitored for over and/or under utilization in the central laboratory and reference laboratory. CLIA’88 outlines the four test categories including point-of-care testing (waived) and provider-performed microscopy that need laboratory test utilization management. Incremental cost analysis is the most efficient method for evaluating utilization reduction cost savings. Economies of scale define reduced unit cost per test as test volume increases. Outreach programs in large community hospitals provide additional laboratory tests from non-patients in physician offices, nursing homes, and other hospitals. Disruptive innovations are changing the present paradigms in clinical diagnostics, like wearable sensors, MALDI-TOF, multiplex infectious disease panels, cell-free DNA, and others. Obsolete tests need to be universally defined and accepted by manufacturers, physicians, laboratories, and hospitals, to eliminate access to their reagents and testing platforms. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7123185/ doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-34199-6_14 id: cord-266469-n484zqq1 author: King, Michael J. title: Lung base CT findings in COVID-19 adult patients presenting with acute abdominal complaints: case series from a major New York City health system date: 2020-07-04 words: 4127 sentences: 209 pages: flesch: 44 cache: ./cache/cord-266469-n484zqq1.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266469-n484zqq1.txt summary: title: Lung base CT findings in COVID-19 adult patients presenting with acute abdominal complaints: case series from a major New York City health system Data is rapidly emerging given the novel nature of this devastating disease, with a paucity of published reports investigating abdominal presenting symptoms and subsequent CT imaging findings in COVID-19 patients. The purpose of our study is to describe the demographic, clinical, biological, and lung base CT findings in COVID-19 patients presenting with acute abdominal complaints, either in isolation or in combination with respiratory complaints. In this study, we described demographic, clinical, biological, and lung base CT findings in a population of COVID-19 patients who presented to our Health System with acute abdominal complaints, either in isolation or in combination with respiratory complaints. In conclusion, we report demographic, clinical, biological, and lung base CT findings in a group of patients presenting to our Health System with acute abdominal complaints who were found to have COVID-19. abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe demographic, clinical, and lung base CT findings in COVID-19 patients presenting with abdominal complaints. METHODS: In this retrospective study, 76 COVID-19 patients who underwent abdominal CT for abdominal complaints from March 1 to April 15, 2020, in a large urban multihospital Health System were included. Those with positive abdominal CT findings (n = 14) were then excluded, with 62 patients undergoing final analysis (30M/32F; median age 63 years, interquartile range (IQR) 52–75 years, range 30–90 years). Demographic and clinical data were extracted. CT lung base assessment was performed by a cardiothoracic radiologist. Data were compared between discharged and hospitalised patients using Wilcoxon or Fisher’s exact tests. RESULTS: The majority of the population was non-elderly (56.4%, < 65 years) and most (81%) had underlying health conditions. Nineteen percent were discharged and 81% were hospitalised. The most frequent abdominal symptoms were pain (83.9%) and nausea/vomiting/anorexia (46.8%). Lung base CT findings included ground-glass opacities (95.2%) in a multifocal (95.2%) and peripheral (66.1%) distribution. Elevated laboratory values (when available) included C-reactive protein (CRP) (97.3%), D-dimer (79.4%), and ferritin (68.8% of males and 81.8% of females). Older age (p = 0.045), hypertension (p = 0.019), and lower haemoglobin in women (p = 0.042) were more frequent in hospitalised patients. There was no difference in lung base CT findings between discharged and hospitalised patients (p > 0.165). CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 patients can present with abdominal symptoms, especially in non-elderly patients with underlying health conditions. Lung base findings on abdominal CT are consistent with published reports. Radiologists should be aware of atypical presentations of COVID-19. KEY POINTS: • COVID-19 infected patients can present with acute abdominal symptoms, especially in non-elderly patients with underlying health conditions, and may frequently require hospitalisation (81%). • There was no difference in lung base CT findings between patients who were discharged and those who were hospitalised. • Lung base CT findings included multifocal and peripheral ground-glass opacities, consistent with published reports. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-020-07040-z doi: 10.1007/s00330-020-07040-z id: cord-283779-mudwcypl author: Lauretani, Fulvio title: Assessment and treatment of older individuals with COVID-19 multi-system disease: clinical and ethical implications date: 2020-05-11 words: 9727 sentences: 500 pages: flesch: 42 cache: ./cache/cord-283779-mudwcypl.txt txt: ./txt/cord-283779-mudwcypl.txt summary: The chronic increase in inflammatory cytokines, augmented by COVID-19 infection, may explain the higher tendency for "the cascade leading to pulmonary fibrosis and insufficiency and activation of clotting" and poorer clinical prognosis, especially in multimorbid older persons (4) . In case of persistent fever, higher than 37.5°C for a time longer than 3 days and peripheral oxygen level lower than 95% after starting therapy, we should consider and proceed to hospitalization especially in multimorbid older patients with cardiac, respiratory diseases and diabetes. First, patients at risk for poor outcomes and higher mortality following infection with SARS-CoV-2, namely older adults and multimorbid individuals, should be checked for malnutrition through screening and assessment. Older patients infected by COVID-19 often experience atypical and less severe symptoms in older persons, side-effects of the drugs and require specific nutritional and motor treatment for avoiding disability and death. abstract: Covid-19 infection is a multisystem disease more frequent in older individuals, especially in those with multiple chronic diseases. This multimorbid and frail population requires attention and a personalized comprehensive assessment in order to avoid the occurrence of adverse outcomes. As other diseases, the COVID-19 presentation in older patients is often atypical with less severe and unspecific symptoms. These subjects both at home and during hospitalization suffer isolation and the lack of support of caregivers. The geriatric care in COVID-19 wards is often missing. The application of additional instruments would be necessary to facilitate and personalize the clinical approach, not only based on diseases but also on functional status. This narrative review starts from diagnostic evaluation, continues with adapted pharmacologic treatment and ends with the recovery phase targeting the nutrition and physical exercise. We developed a check-list of respiratory, gastro-intestinal and other less-specific symptoms, summarized in a table and easily to be filled-up by patients, nurses and general practitioners. As second step, we reported the clinical phases of this disease. Far to be considered just viral infective and respiratory, this disease is also an inflammatory and thrombotic condition with frequent bacterial over-infection. We finally considered timing and selection of treatment, which depend on the disease phase, co-administration of other drugs and require the monitoring of renal, liver and cardiac function. This underlines the role of age not just as a limitation, but also an opportunity to increase the quality and the appropriateness of multidisciplinary and multidimensional intervention in this population. (www.actabiomedica.it) url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32420939/ doi: 10.23750/abm.v91i2.9629 id: cord-311806-3zy5kgo5 author: Leoni, Chiara title: The dark side of COVID‐19: The need of integrated medicine for children with special care needs date: 2020-06-24 words: 765 sentences: 51 pages: flesch: 44 cache: ./cache/cord-311806-3zy5kgo5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-311806-3zy5kgo5.txt summary: One crucial role of a physician who is an expert on rare disorders is to recognize the cardinal features related to the syndrome and to be aware of potential complications in order to plan a personalized care plan so as to monitor signs and symptoms, prevent secondary complications, and support interconnections with local healthcare providers. This section refers to how lack of experience about clinical management of specific genetic conditions may affect patient''s outcome even Angelo Selicorni and Giuseppe Zampino contributed equally to this study. Valentina Giorgio acquired clinical data on Case 1 (first patient), reviewed, and revised the manuscript. Mauro Celli acquired clinical data on Case 2, reviewed, and revised the manuscript. Angelo Selicorni acquired clinical data on Case 1 (second patient), reviewed, and revised the manuscript. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32578344/ doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61722 id: cord-353528-8a3f5hxu author: Levy, Oren title: Shattering barriers toward clinically meaningful MSC therapies date: 2020-07-22 words: 13100 sentences: 546 pages: flesch: 34 cache: ./cache/cord-353528-8a3f5hxu.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353528-8a3f5hxu.txt summary: Although the mechanism of action in human patients is not well elucidated, results from pre-clinical studies of Alofisel indicate that induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in the presence of inflammatory factors such as interferon- (IFN-) is critical for the therapeutic effect of MSCs. This is because the enzymatic activity of IDO can inhibit T cell function and proliferation and increase the number of regulatory T cells, leading to an increase in anti-inflammatory cytokines [e.g., interleukin-10 (IL-10)] and decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines [e.g., IFN- and tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-)] (14) . (64) reported that MSCs genetically engineered to express thioredoxin-1 (Trx1)-a powerful antioxidant, transcription factor, and growth factor regulator-improved cardiac function following MI in a rat model compared to unmodified MSCs. Although preclinical Priming MSCs with small molecules is a simple and promising approach to induce the secretion of immunomodulatory and regenerative molecules, but the effect of small molecules only lasts a few hours to a few days. abstract: More than 1050 clinical trials are registered at FDA.gov that explore multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for nearly every clinical application imaginable, including neurodegenerative and cardiac disorders, perianal fistulas, graft-versus-host disease, COVID-19, and cancer. Several companies have or are in the process of commercializing MSC-based therapies. However, most of the clinical-stage MSC therapies have been unable to meet primary efficacy end points. The innate therapeutic functions of MSCs administered to humans are not as robust as demonstrated in preclinical studies, and in general, the translation of cell-based therapy is impaired by a myriad of steps that introduce heterogeneity. In this review, we discuss the major clinical challenges with MSC therapies, the details of these challenges, and the potential bioengineering approaches that leverage the unique biology of MSCs to overcome the challenges and achieve more potent and versatile therapies. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32832666/ doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aba6884 id: cord-029547-9ei1ram3 author: Li, Jingwei title: The epidemiology and therapeutic options for the COVID-19 date: 2020-05-28 words: 7841 sentences: 499 pages: flesch: 48 cache: ./cache/cord-029547-9ei1ram3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-029547-9ei1ram3.txt summary: According to the Diagnosis and Treatment Program of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia, only a suspected case has one of the pieces of evidence of etiology or serology, such as positive nucleic acid, confirmation of gene sequencing, and virus specific antibody, to be confirmed to be COVID-19 patient, 55 and the suspected cases were identified by a comprehensive analysis of epidemiological history and clinical manifestations. 64 There have been tens of clinical trials to confirm the safety and efficiency of chloroquine in treating COVID-19 patients, and its mechanism can be described as interfering with the glycosylation of ACE2 or alkalizing the phagolysosome to inhibit viral replication, 65, 66 which prevents the SARS-Cov-2 entering the host cells. Effect of high vs low doses of chloroquine diphosphate as adjunctive therapy for patients hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection: a randomized clinical trial abstract: An outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a disease caused by a novel pneumonia virus, has affected over 200 countries and regions worldwide. With the increasing number of patients and deaths, WHO have declared it as a global pandemic currently, indicating a third large-scale epidemic coronavirus has appeared since the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS) and Middle-East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in the twenty-first century. Considering the great harm it has caused, researchers throughout the world have been chasing to exploit the pathophysiology, characteristics, and potential remedies for COVID-19 to better battle the outbreak. Therefore, the current study revisits advances of the virology, epidemiology, clinical features, therapeutic options, and prevention of COVID-19. The features of asymptomatic carriers are also been explored. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7376264/ doi: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbaa017 id: cord-266730-mio282vy author: Li, Long‐quan title: COVID‐19 patients'' clinical characteristics, discharge rate, and fatality rate of meta‐analysis date: 2020-03-23 words: 1309 sentences: 95 pages: flesch: 58 cache: ./cache/cord-266730-mio282vy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-266730-mio282vy.txt summary: We statistically analyzed the clinical symptoms and laboratory results of COVID‐19 patients and explained the discharge rate and fatality rate with a single‐arm meta‐analysis. The results of the random effects model meta-analysis showed that the fatality rate of the COVID-19 patients was 5% (95% CI 15, 27 found that the fatality rate of patients with viral pneumonia increased when they had a basic disease and mixed bacterial infection, which was consistent with the results of our study. Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of novel coronavirus infections involving 13 patients outside Wuhan, China Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Analysis of clinical features of 29 patients with 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia COVID-19 patients'' clinical characteristics, discharge rate, and fatality rate of meta-analysis abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical data, discharge rate, and fatality rate of COVID‐19 patients for clinical help. The clinical data of COVID‐19 patients from December 2019 to February 2020 were retrieved from four databases. We statistically analyzed the clinical symptoms and laboratory results of COVID‐19 patients and explained the discharge rate and fatality rate with a single‐arm meta‐analysis. The available data of 1994 patients in 10 literatures were included in our study. The main clinical symptoms of COVID‐19 patients were fever (88.5%), cough (68.6%), myalgia or fatigue (35.8%), expectoration (28.2%), and dyspnea (21.9%). Minor symptoms include headache or dizziness (12.1%), diarrhea (4.8%), nausea and vomiting (3.9%). The results of the laboratory showed that the lymphocytopenia (64.5%), increase of C‐reactive protein (44.3%), increase of lactic dehydrogenase (28.3%), and leukocytopenia (29.4%) were more common. The results of single‐arm meta‐analysis showed that the male took a larger percentage in the gender distribution of COVID‐19 patients 60% (95% CI [0.54, 0.65]), the discharge rate of COVID‐19 patients was 52% (95% CI [0.34,0.70]), and the fatality rate was 5% (95% CI [0.01,0.11]). url: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25757 doi: 10.1002/jmv.25757 id: cord-334773-yw2qgv13 author: Lisco, Giuseppe title: Hypothesized mechanisms explaining poor prognosis in type 2 diabetes patients with COVID-19: a review date: 2020-08-10 words: 7901 sentences: 359 pages: flesch: 32 cache: ./cache/cord-334773-yw2qgv13.txt txt: ./txt/cord-334773-yw2qgv13.txt summary: This concern has been further confirmed by the results of a cohort study among 85 fatal cases of COVID-19 in Wuhan, hence defining DM as a potentially harmful comorbidity predisposing to worse clinical course or death once SARS-CoV-2 infection occurred [49] . Different hypothesis should be considered for explaining this clinical phenomenon, including glucose control at baseline and during the infection course, pathophysiology and immune system response in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with T2D, diabetes-related comorbidities and concomitant medications. In conclusion, diabetic patients especially elderly individuals and those with worse baseline glucose control may exhibit immune system dysregulation that predispose them to a less effective response against SARS-CoV-2 and to a dysfunctional inflammation that requires to be carefully monitored in confirmed cases of COVID-19, for preventing or avoiding a harmful progression of the disease. Immune response and systemic inflammation play a crucial role in SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly in case of severe clinical course of the disease. abstract: PURPOSE: Epidemiological data suggest that comorbid patients, mostly those with type 2 diabetes (T2D), are predisposed to poor prognosis in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), leading to serious healthcare concerns. The aim of the present manuscript is to review the main relevant mechanisms possibly contributing to worsen the clinical course of COVID-19 in T2D. RESULTS: Poor glucose control, high glycaemic variability and diabetes-related comorbidities at baseline, particularly cardiovascular diseases and obesity, contribute in worsening the prognosis in the above-mentioned cluster of patients. Moreover, both a lower efficient innate immune system response and cytokine dysregulation predispose patients with T2D to impaired viral clearance and more serious pulmonary and systemic inflammation once the SARS-CoV-2 infection occurred. Inconclusive data are currently available for specifically indicate or contraindicate concurrent medications for managing T2D and its comorbidities in infected patients. CONCLUSIONS: T2D individuals should be considered as more vulnerable to COVID-19 than general population, and thus require adequate advices about hygienic tips to protect themselves during the pandemic. A careful management of glucose levels and diabetes-related comorbidities remains essential for avoiding further complications, and patient monitoring during the pandemic should be performed also at distance by means of telemedicine. Further studies are needed to clarify whether medications normally used for managing T2D and its associated comorbidities could have a protective or detrimental effect on COVID-19 clinical course. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-020-02444-9 doi: 10.1007/s12020-020-02444-9 id: cord-345371-pjbviagq author: Lisi, Lucia title: Approaching Coronavirus Disease 2019: mechanisms of action of repurposed drugs with potential activity against SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-07-23 words: 10648 sentences: 512 pages: flesch: 37 cache: ./cache/cord-345371-pjbviagq.txt txt: ./txt/cord-345371-pjbviagq.txt summary: The rationale for drug selection was mainly, though not exclusively, based either i) on the activity against other coronaviruses or RNA viruses in order to potentially hamper viral entry and replication in the epithelial cells of the airways, and/or ii) on the ability to modulate the excessive inflammatory reaction deriving from dysregulated host immune responses against the SARS-CoV-2. Here, we review the recently published literature on the pharmacological treatments used so far and/or undergoing evaluation in clinical trials, with focus on the biochemical mechanisms of action of repurposed or investigational drugs, classified as agents directly targeting the virus ( Figure 1 and Table 1 ) and those used to treat the respiratory distress and inflammation associated with the cytokine release syndrome ( Figure 2 and Table 2 ). abstract: On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) a global pandemic. As of July 2020, SARS-CoV-2 has infected more than 14 million people and provoked more than 590,000 deaths, worldwide. From the beginning, a variety of pharmacological treatments has been empirically used to cope with the life-threatening complications associated with Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Thus far, only a couple of them and not consistently across reports have been shown to further decrease mortality, respect to what can be achieved with supportive care. In most cases, and due to the urgency imposed by the number and severity of the patients’ clinical conditions, the choice of treatment has been limited to repurposed drugs, approved for other indications, or investigational agents used for other viral infections often rendered available on a compassionate-use basis. The rationale for drug selection was mainly, though not exclusively, based either i) on the activity against other coronaviruses or RNA viruses in order to potentially hamper viral entry and replication in the epithelial cells of the airways, and/or ii) on the ability to modulate the excessive inflammatory reaction deriving from dysregulated host immune responses against the SARS-CoV-2. In several months, an exceptionally large number of clinical trials have been designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of anti-COVID-19 therapies in different clinical settings (treatment or pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis) and levels of disease severity, but only few of them have been completed so far. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms of action that have provided the scientific rationale for the empirical use and evaluation in clinical trials of structurally different and often functionally unrelated drugs during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32710969/ doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114169 id: cord-022467-j2trahab author: Loo, May title: Select Populations: Children date: 2009-05-15 words: 19061 sentences: 1249 pages: flesch: 44 cache: ./cache/cord-022467-j2trahab.txt txt: ./txt/cord-022467-j2trahab.txt summary: A recent clinical trial that included children over age 12 years and used a fixedcombination homeopathic remedy for a mean 4.1 days of treatment reported that 81.5% reported subjective feelings of being symptom free or significantly improved without complaint of any adverse side effects. 4 A randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled study from Great Britain of 170 children with a starting median age of 4.2 years in the experimental group and 3.6 years in the placebo group concluded that individually prescribed homeopathic remedies seem to be ineffective in reducing symptoms or decreasing the use of antibiotics in pediatric patients with URI. 414 In a nonrandomized clinical trial involving 30 children ages 3 months to 8 years with chronic diarrhea of 2 to 4 months'' duration that was unresponsive to Western medicine and TCM, individualized acupuncture treatment eliminated symptoms and normalized stools. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7155731/ doi: 10.1016/b978-0-323-02028-2.50015-2 id: cord-347189-i9rzo3j0 author: Lorusso, Domenica title: Clinical research disruption in the post-COVID-19 era: will the pandemic lead to change? date: 2020-10-13 words: 3312 sentences: 162 pages: flesch: 42 cache: ./cache/cord-347189-i9rzo3j0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-347189-i9rzo3j0.txt summary: The COVID-19 pandemic suggests that it is possible to alleviate redundancy in clinical trials, and while preserving the rigour of a study, can offer a new, less burdened and more inclusive vision of clinical research for the scientific community of tomorrow. Data from China reported that patients with cancer who are infected with COVID-19 are at 3.5 times the risk of requiring mechanical ventilation or intensive care unit (ICU) admission, compared with the general population. 4 Although conversion to telemedicine has maintained the continuity of care for many patients, the COVID-19 pandemic has massively disrupted clinical research and many cancer centres halted clinical trial activities including patient recruitment. COVID-19 has pointed out that sometimes, high level of bureaucracy in research rules place unnecessary burdens on patients and clinicians and it suggests that it is time to alleviate bureaucracy and introduce some practical changes into research organisation that will possibly promote patient access to trials and reduce the costs of the clinical research. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33051193/ doi: 10.1136/esmoopen-2020-000924 id: cord-331268-kzy33hdb author: Lynch, Sharon G. title: Multiple sclerosis date: 1996-01-31 words: 13844 sentences: 885 pages: flesch: 47 cache: ./cache/cord-331268-kzy33hdb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331268-kzy33hdb.txt summary: Abnormalities in the cerebral hemispheres are frequently periventricular in distribution and only occasionally correlate with specific symptoms or signs.6,7 The accumulation of lesions in the frontal lobes is associated with a decline in memory.8 In addition, a change in the number of lesions on cranial MR images correlates with a change in overall clinical status as measured with standard scales.g Observations made with MRI are having a marked impact on both our basic knowledge of MS and on therapeutic trialsJo MRI studies will provide considerable insight into the natural history of the disease and will be an excellent independent variable in future clinical trials. Signs and symptoms that commonly occur as MS progresses include vertigo, tremor, incoordination, increasing spasticity, depression, mood swings, cognitive abnormalities, impotence or other sexual dysfunction, weakness, Lhermitte''s sign, gait abnormalities, constipation, urinary incontinence, optic nerve pallor, fatigue, quadriparesis, dysarthria, loss of upper extremity coordination, and dysesthetic pain (Table 1) . abstract: Abstract Multiple sclerosis is a chronic disease that begins in late adolescence or adulthood. It is highly variable in its expression and severity. It is believed to be autoimmune in nature. The cause is unknown; both genetic and environmental factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis. MS generally presents with the acute or subacute onset of neurologic abnormalities that may wax and wane over many years. Diagnosis is generally made by means of observation of the clinical course in conjunction with a neurologic examination and laboratory tests. These tests may include magnetic resonance imaging of the head and spine, lumbar puncture, and evoked potentials. Treatment is based on general supportive care, the use of corticosteroids for relapses, and symptomatic management of ongoing problems. The frequency of relapses can be reduced with interferon-β (Betaseron). Copolymer 1 and interferon-β la are being evaluated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for approval for use for reduction in the frequency of relapses in relapsing-remitting MS. Treatment of chronic progression is often attempted with immunosuppressive agents such as corticosteroids, azathioprine, and cyclophosphamide. Use of other agents is being investigated. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0011502996900127 doi: 10.1016/s0011-5029(96)90012-7 id: cord-310027-846vp7ii author: Ma, Lin-Lu title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 Related Clinical Studies: A Cross-Sectional Analysis date: 2020-09-02 words: 4246 sentences: 245 pages: flesch: 49 cache: ./cache/cord-310027-846vp7ii.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310027-846vp7ii.txt summary: METHODS: We did an electronic search of COVID-19 related clinical studies registered between December 1, 2019 and February 21, 2020 (updated to May 28, 2020) from the ClinicalTrials.gov, and collected registration information, study details, recruitment status, characteristics of the subjects, and relevant information about the trial implementation process. We extracted the following information from registered studies: registration number, registration date, registration title, primary sponsor, funding source, study type, study phase, study objectives, study design, length of the study, intervention, countries of recruitment and research settings, recruiting status, allocation, sample size, participant age, gender, masking, the time and method of sharing individual participant data (IPD), data management committee. Among the 943 interventional studies, 416 studies (44.1%) explored the effectiveness and/or safety of drugs commonly used in preventing and treating COVID-19, such as hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), chloroquine (CQ), immunotherapy (including stem cell therapy, monoclonal antibody, immunoregulation), lopinavir/ritonavir, glucocorticoids, interferon, targeted therapy (Baricitinib, Ruxolitinib, Imatinib), favipiravir, and Remdesivir. abstract: OBJECTIVE: The quality and rationality of many recently registered clinical studies related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) needs to be assessed. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the current status of COVID-19 related registered clinical trial. METHODS: We did an electronic search of COVID-19 related clinical studies registered between December 1, 2019 and February 21, 2020 (updated to May 28, 2020) from the ClinicalTrials.gov, and collected registration information, study details, recruitment status, characteristics of the subjects, and relevant information about the trial implementation process. RESULTS: A total of 1,706 studies were included 10.0% of which (n=171) were from France, 943 (55.3%) used an interventional design, and 600 (35.2%) used an observational design. Most of studies (73.6%) aimed to recruit fewer than 500 people. Interferon was the main prevention program, and antiviral drugs were the main treatment program. Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine (230/943, 24.4%) were widely studied. Some registered clinical trials are incomplete in content, and 37.4% of the 1,706 studies may have had insufficient sample size. CONCLUSION: The quality of COVID-19 related studies needs to be improved by strengthening the registration process and improving the quality of clinical study protocols so that these clinical studies can provide high-quality clinical evidence related to COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.540187 doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.540187 id: cord-316886-qzka2dqm author: Machin, L. L. title: Making the (Business) Case for Clinical Ethics Support in the UK date: 2020-07-21 words: 9311 sentences: 381 pages: flesch: 45 cache: ./cache/cord-316886-qzka2dqm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316886-qzka2dqm.txt summary: This paper provides a series of reflections of an academic socio-ethicist''s (LM) and a senior clinician''s (MW) experiences of making the case for the introduction of Clinical Ethics Support Services (CESS) within a National Health Service (NHS) Trust. The paper will outline the journey of the academic being approached by the clinician to consider setting up a CESS at the Trust, to being faced with the daunting task of completing a business case, to working collaboratively with clinical colleagues to prepare a proposal to the Trust Executive Board. The literature confirmed that healthcare staff need reflective spaces within institutions in which to explore and communicate values and ethical obligations as they undergird goals of patient care (Hamric and Wocial 2016) and the CESS could play a role in creating and designing these spaces, and ensuring they remain "open, accessible and active" (Walker 1993, p. abstract: This paper provides a series of reflections on making the case to senior leaders for the introduction of clinical ethics support services within a UK hospital Trust at a time when clinical ethics committees are dwindling in the UK. The paper provides key considerations for those building a (business) case for clinical ethics support within hospitals by drawing upon published academic literature, and key reports from governmental and professional bodies. We also include extracts from documents relating to, and annual reports of, existing clinical ethics support within UK hospitals, as well as extracts from our own proposal submitted to the Trust Board. We aim for this paper to support other ethicists and/or health care staff contemplating introducing clinical ethics support into hospitals, to facilitate the process of making the case for clinical ethics support, and to contribute to the key debates in the literature around clinical ethics support. We conclude that there is a real need for investment in clinical ethics in the UK in order to build the evidence base required to support the wider introduction of clinical ethics support into UK hospitals. Furthermore, our perceptions of the purpose of, and perceived needs met through, clinical ethics support needs to shift to one of hospitals investing in their staff. Finally, we raise concerns over the optional nature of clinical ethics support available to practitioners within UK hospitals. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10730-020-09416-6 doi: 10.1007/s10730-020-09416-6 id: cord-258049-l55mx4lp author: Mansbach, Jonathan M. title: Hospital course and discharge criteria for children hospitalized with bronchiolitis date: 2015-01-28 words: 3702 sentences: 207 pages: flesch: 46 cache: ./cache/cord-258049-l55mx4lp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258049-l55mx4lp.txt summary: We performed a prospective, multicenter, multiyear study [10] [11] [12] to examine the typical inpatient clinical course of and to develop hospital discharge guidelines for children age <2 years hospitalized with bronchiolitis. A child was considered clinically improved on the earliest date he/she met all of the following criteria: (1) none or mild retractions and improved or stable retractions compared with the previous inpatient day; (2) daily estimated average respiratory rate (RR) <60 breaths per minute for age <6 months, <55 breaths/minute for age 6 to 11 months, and <45 breaths/minute for age 12 months with a decreasing or stable trend over the course of the current day; (3) daily estimated average RAO2 saturation 90%, lowest RAO2 saturation 88% 21 ; and (4) not receiving intravenous (IV) fluids or for children receiving IV fluids a clinician report of the child maintaining oral hydration. abstract: BACKGROUND: For children hospitalized with bronchiolitis, there is uncertainty about the expected inpatient clinical course and when children are safe for discharge. OBJECTIVES: Examine the time to clinical improvement, risk of clinical worsening after improvement, and develop discharge criteria. DESIGN: Prospective multiyear cohort study. SETTING: Sixteen US hospitals. PARTICIPANTS: Consecutive hospitalized children age <2 years with bronchiolitis. MEASUREMENT: We defined clinical improvement using: (1) retraction severity, (2) respiratory rate, (3) room air oxygen saturation, and (4) hydration status. After meeting improvement criteria, children were considered clinically worse based on the inverse of ≥1 of these criteria or need for intensive care. RESULTS: Among 1916 children, the median number of days from onset of difficulty breathing until clinical improvement was 4 (interquartile range, 3–7.5 days). Of the total, 1702 (88%) met clinical improvement criteria, with 4% worsening (3% required intensive care). Children who worsened were age <2 months (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 3.51; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.07‐5.94), gestational age <37 weeks (AOR: 1.94; 95% CI: 1.13‐3.32), and presented with severe retractions (AOR: 5.55; 95% CI: 2.12‐14.50), inadequate oral intake (AOR: 2.54; 95% CI: 1.39‐4.62), or apnea (AOR: 2.87; 95% CI: 1.45‐5.68). Readmissions were similar for children who did and did not worsen. CONCLUSIONS: Although children hospitalized with bronchiolitis had wide‐ranging recovery times, only 4% worsened after initial improvement. Children who worsened were more likely to be younger, premature infants presenting in more severe distress. For children hospitalized with bronchiolitis, these data may help establish more evidence‐based discharge criteria, reduce practice variability, and safely shorten hospital length‐of‐stay. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2015;10:205–211. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25627657/ doi: 10.1002/jhm.2318 id: cord-022520-ebj51v9o author: Marini, Robert P. title: Biology and Diseases of Ferrets date: 2007-09-02 words: 19489 sentences: 1211 pages: flesch: 46 cache: ./cache/cord-022520-ebj51v9o.txt txt: ./txt/cord-022520-ebj51v9o.txt summary: Campylobacter jejuni is a gram-negative, spirally curved microaerophilic bacterium that is recognized as a significant cause of human enteritis and is as-sociated with diarrheic illness in several animal species, including dogs, cats, cows, goats, pigs, mink, ferrets, and sheep (Carter et al., 1995) . Reports of spontaneous cases in ferrets require diagnostic confirmation and differentiation from cases of proliferative bowel disease and other infectious and noninfectious causes of diarrhea. Systemic infection with the bovine strain in ferrets results in disseminated disease with weight loss, anorexia, lethargy, death, and miliary lesions involving the lungs and other viscera (Fox, 1998a) . Clinical disease may occur in kits as young as 1-4 days old or in older animals up to 6 weeks of age. Other potential etiologies that have been considered include two infectious agents that are known to cause chronic immune stimulation in affected ferrets, the Aleutian disease virus (ADV) and Helicobacter mustelae. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7158191/ doi: 10.1016/b978-012263951-7/50016-8 id: cord-315598-qwh72inx author: Mendoza, Jose Luis Accini title: ACTUALIZACION DE LA DECLARACIÓN DE CONSENSO EN MEDICINA CRITICA PARA LA ATENCIÓN MULTIDISCIPLINARIA DEL PACIENTE CON SOSPECHA O CONFIRMACIÓN DIAGNÓSTICA DE COVID-19 date: 2020-10-06 words: 69640 sentences: 6489 pages: flesch: 54 cache: ./cache/cord-315598-qwh72inx.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315598-qwh72inx.txt summary: De otorgarse un Consentimiento Informado amplio, éste debería ser única y exclusivamente para los procesos asociados con COVID-19".(71) AMCI ® Se recomienda considerar la transición del cuidado intensivo al cuidado paliativo en todo paciente con sospecha o diagnóstico de COVID-19 sin mejoría a pesar de las intervenciones óptimas, con empeoramiento progresivo de su pronóstico vital y ante un evidente deterioro; aplicando medidas generales en control de síntomas ( Manejo de secreciones -Tratamiento del dolor -Tratamiento de la disnea -Sedación paliativa), así como apoyo espiritual, siempre acompañando al paciente y nunca abandonarlo en el final de la vida. En cuanto hace referencia a la situación actual de pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 y compromiso pulmonar; Wu y cols, en Marzo de 2.020 realizaron un estudio retrospectivo de 201 pacientes con COVID-19 en China; para aquellos pacientes que desarrollaron SDRA, el tratamiento con metilprednisolona estuvo asociado con una disminución del riesgo de muerte (23/50 [46%] con esteroides vs 21/34 [62%] sin esteroides; HR, 0.38 [IC 95%, 0.20-0.72]), con las limitaciones de los estudios retrospectivo, de un solo centro, con un limitado número de pacientes (400). abstract: Antecedentes y objetivos: La enfermedad por coronavirus de 2019 (COVID-19) es una enfermedad ocasionada por el nuevo coronavirus del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave (SARS-CoV-2). Se identificó por primera vez en diciembre de 2019 en la ciudad de Wuhan, en los meses siguientes se expandió rápidamente a todos los continentes y la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), la reconoció como una pandemia global el 11 de marzo de 2020. La mayoría de los individuos son asintomáticos pero una baja proporción ingresan a cuidados intensivos con una alta morbilidad y mortalidad. Este consenso tiene como objetivo actualizar la declaratoria inicial emitida por la Asociación Colombiana de Medicina Crítica (AMCI) para el manejo del paciente críticamente enfermo con COVID-19 dentro de las áreas críticas de las instituciones de salud. Métodos: Este estudio utilizó dos técnicas de consenso formal para construir las recomendaciones finales: Delphi modificada y grupos nominales. Se construyeron preguntas por la estrategia PICO. 10 grupos nominales desarrollaron recomendaciones para cada unidad temática. El producto del consenso fue evaluado y calificado en una ronda Delphi y se discutió de forma virtual por los relatores de cada núcleo y los representantes de sociedades médicas científicas afines al manejo del paciente con COID-19. Resultados: 80 expertos nacionales participaron en la actualización del consenso AMCI, especialistas en Medicina Critica y Cuidados Intensivos, Nefrología, Neurología, Neumología, bioeticistas, Medicina interna, Anestesia, Cirugía General, Cirugía de cabeza y cuello, Cuidados Paliativos, Enfermeras Especialistas en Medicina crítica, Terapeutas respiratorias especialistas en medicina crítica y Fisioterapia, con experiencia clínica en la atención del paciente críticamente enfermo. La declaratoria emite recomendaciones en los ámbitos más relevantes para la atención en salud de los casos de COVID-19 al interior de las unidades de cuidados intensivos en el contexto nacional de Colombia. Conclusiones: un grupo significativo multidisciplinario de profesionales expertos en medicina crítica emiten mediante técnicas de consenso formal recomendaciones sobre la mejor práctica para la atención del paciente críticamente enfermo con COVID-19. Las recomendaciones deben ser adaptadas a las condiciones específicas, administrativas y estructurales de las distintas unidades de cuidados intensivos del país. Background and objectives: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). It was first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. In the following months it spread quickly to all continents and was recognised as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11th, 2020. Most cases of infection remain asymptomatic, while a low proportion require intensive care, experiencing high morbidity and mortality. This consensus aims to update the initial statement issued by the Colombian Association of Critical Medicine (AMCI) for the management of the critically ill patient with COVID-19 within the critical areas of health institutions. Methods: This study used two formal consensus techniques to construct the final recommendations: modified Delphi and nominal groups. Questions were constructed using the PICO strategy. Recommendations for each thematic unit were developed by 10 nominal groups. The consensus product was evaluated and qualified in a Delphi round, and was discussed virtually by the speaker of each nucleus, as well as the representatives of scientific medical societies related to the management of the patient with COVID-19. Results: A total of 80 national experts participated in the update of the AMCI consensus, all specialists in Critical and Intensive Care Medicine, Nephrologists, Neurologists, Chest physician, bioethicists, Internal medicine specialists, Anaesthetists, General Surgeons, head and neck surgery, palliative care, Nurses Specialised in Critical Medicine, Respiratory therapists specialised in critical medicine and Physiotherapy, with clinical experience in the care of critically ill patients. This update issues recommendations in the most relevant areas for health care of COVID-19 patients within the intensive care units, contextualised for Colombia. Conclusions: A significant multidisciplinary group of professionals, who are experts in critical medicine, reviewed and issued recommendations on best practice for the care of critically ill patients with COVID-19 through formal consensus techniques. Recommendations must be adapted to the specific, administrative, and structural conditions of the different intensive care units in the country. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0122726220300859?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.acci.2020.09.004 id: cord-281391-0qkku2jd author: Miller-Handley, Hilary title: Treatment Options for COVID-19 in Patients with Reduced or Absent Kidney Function date: 2020-09-17 words: 4720 sentences: 276 pages: flesch: 47 cache: ./cache/cord-281391-0qkku2jd.txt txt: ./txt/cord-281391-0qkku2jd.txt summary: COVID-19, the disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, was first identified in the Hubei Province of China in late 2019. Because of these findings, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine were used as early therapies in the treatment of COVID-19, and its use was further propagated by a small, retrospective, biased study from France with 36 patients which showed decrease in viral burden, and improved outcomes in patients treated with hydroxychloroquine [17] . A retrospective study from the Veterans Affairs, looked at hospitalized patients who received hydroxychloroquine and showed no evidence that use of hydroxychloroquine reduced the risk of progression of disease including mechanical ventilation and death [20] . Effect of High vs Low Doses of Chloroquine Diphosphate as Adjunctive Therapy for Patients Hospitalized With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection: A Randomized Clinical Trial abstract: COVID-19, the disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, was first identified in the Hubei Province of China in late 2019. Currently the only role for therapy is treatment of the disease, as opposed to post-exposure prophylaxis, however multiple clinical trials are currently ongoing for both treatment and prophylaxis. Treating COVID-19 relies on two components; the first is inhibition of the viral entrance and replication within the body and the second is inhibition of an exacerbated immune response which can be seen in patients with severe disease. Many drugs have shown in vitro antiviral activity, however clinical trials have not been as promising. Remdesivir has shown a shortening in the time to recovery in hospitalized adults, however currently no mortality benefit demonstrated. Dexamethasone has shown improved mortality in patients requiring respiratory support, but not otherwise. Current research is ongoing in immunomodulation with monoclonal antibodies including interleukin (IL)-6 receptor antagonists and Janus Kinase (JAK) inhibitors. This review summarizes the current data for the most commonly used drugs for COVID-19, and will cover the unique factors that may affect the dosing of these medications in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). While clinical trials are ongoing, most are in patients with normal kidney function. During a pandemic when patients with CKD are at higher risk of both infection and death, it is imperative to include patients these patients in the clinical trials. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1548559520301336?v=s5 doi: 10.1053/j.ackd.2020.09.001 id: cord-327738-i400ynjp author: Milner, Ross title: Is it Ethically Appropriate to Continue Surgical Clinical Trials During the COVID-19 Pandemic? EDITED BY DR SARR date: 2020-04-27 words: 1751 sentences: 81 pages: flesch: 39 cache: ./cache/cord-327738-i400ynjp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-327738-i400ynjp.txt summary: We discuss here the ethics of clinical trial care within the surgical specialties and the the pros and cons of participation in clinical trial during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a specific focus on surgical oncology and vascular surgery. The current need for social distancing and limitations of health care resources has shifted priorities appropriately, but completely halting clinical trials would hinder dramatically the delopment of novel treatment sand leave patients currently enrolled in these trials without access to potentially life-saving medications. Before continuing to enroll patients in surgical trials, we believe that surgeons must carefully consider the type of trial, the institutional status with respect to scarce resources, and the potential risk/benefit ratio to patients and health care workers involved. Medically-necessary, time-sensitive procedures: A scoring system to ethically and efficiently manage resource scarcity and provider risk during the COVID-19 pandemic abstract: COVID-19 has greatly impacted surgical care and decision-making. The status of surgical clinical trials during this pandemic has not been addressed. We provide a framework and recommendations for the management of patients involved in surgical clinical trials. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surg.2020.04.024 doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2020.04.024 id: cord-258029-gyvg7ffa author: Moolasart, Visal title: Favipiravir-based regimen for coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia for a 47-day-old male newborn date: 2020-10-15 words: 1511 sentences: 94 pages: flesch: 48 cache: ./cache/cord-258029-gyvg7ffa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258029-gyvg7ffa.txt summary: title: Favipiravir-based regimen for coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia for a 47-day-old male newborn A 47-day-old, asymptomatic male newborn of coronavirus disease 2019 infected mother tested positive for coronavirus disease 2019 by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) , which emerged in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in mid-December 2019 to become pandemic disease. A 47-day-old, male newborn was asymptomatic but had household contact with his COVID-19 infected mother. A favipiravir-based regimen may be the drug of choice for COVID-19 pneumonia in the newborn, safe and tolerable in short-term use, but more evidence is needed to assess the effects of long-term treatment. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in the newborn is a difficult-to-treat condition. Early clinical signs of pneumonia are nonspecific and present as respiratory distress of varying severity, and tachypnea is a predominant clinical sign. A 47-day-old, asymptomatic male newborn of coronavirus disease 2019 infected mother tested positive for coronavirus disease 2019 by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. During hospitalization, he developed progressive tachypnea, tachycardia, and chest radiography abnormalities, and was diagnosed as coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia. He was treated with favipiravir, hydroxychloroquine, and lopinavir/ritonavir. A favipiravir-based regimen may be the drug of choice for coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in the newborn. url: https://doi.org/10.1177/2050313x20964046 doi: 10.1177/2050313x20964046 id: cord-023165-f6o6owg3 author: NAVARRE, CHRISTINE B. title: Diseases of the Gastrointestinal System date: 2009-05-21 words: 24560 sentences: 1604 pages: flesch: 55 cache: ./cache/cord-023165-f6o6owg3.txt txt: ./txt/cord-023165-f6o6owg3.txt summary: The most important reason for examining feces in sheep and goats is to determine the presence and relative number of nematode parasites infesting an animal or flock. Clinical signs of frothy bloat and free gas bloat from either food intake or physical obstruction of the esophagus are usually more severe and immediately life-threatening than bloat seen from rumen wall diseases and systemic influences. Rumen acidosis usually occurs in animals that have been fed predominantly forage-based rations and are suddenly given access to large amounts of highly fermentable concentrates or concentrated forms of energy. Table 4 -2 lists the agents most likely to cause diarrhea in lambs and kids, tissues or other samples required for diagnosis, and commonly employed test methods. Liver abscesses usually occur as a result of chronic rumenitis in cattle, but they are rare in sheep and goats. F. hepatica infestation usually causes acute disease in sheep and goats but can present as a chronic condition. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7167521/ doi: 10.1016/b0-72-169052-1/50006-5 id: cord-293151-g3758oes author: Nemzek, Jean A. title: Biology and Diseases of Dogs date: 2015-07-10 words: 30297 sentences: 1818 pages: flesch: 46 cache: ./cache/cord-293151-g3758oes.txt txt: ./txt/cord-293151-g3758oes.txt summary: This provides the necessary background to discuss the spontaneous diseases, including infectious and neoplastic conditions, prevalent in purpose bred as well as random source dogs used in biomedical research. Several factors that increase pressure at the site and/or affect the integrity of the skin will predispose an individual to develop pressure sores, including poor hygiene, self-trauma, low-protein diet, preexisting tissue damage, muscle wasting, inadequate bedding, and ill-fitting coaptation devices (Swaim and Angarano, 1990) . Chronic or recurrent corneal ulcers may also be associated with infection or hereditary causes in some breeds of dogs; however, these would be rare in the laboratory setting. Research Complications Treatment of early-stage or low-grade mammary tumors may be rewarding, allowing dogs to continue on study. abstract: Historically, the dog played an important role as a laboratory animal in biomedical research. Although numbers are declining, the use of dogs continues to be common in pharmacokinetics and cardiovascular studies. The normal biology of the dog as both a laboratory and a companion animal has been well studied and reference values are presented here as a clinical and experimental resource. This provides the necessary background to discuss the spontaneous diseases, including infectious and neoplastic conditions, prevalent in purpose bred as well as random source dogs used in biomedical research. In addition, diseases and conditions that arise secondary to the housing and experimental manipulation of dogs is discussed with emphasis on treatment and prevention. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/B9780124095274000122 doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-409527-4.00012-2 id: cord-023367-ujflw19b author: Newcomer, Benjamin W. title: Diseases of the hematologic, immunologic, and lymphatic systems (multisystem diseases) [Image: see text] date: 2020-04-17 words: 33175 sentences: 2065 pages: flesch: 49 cache: ./cache/cord-023367-ujflw19b.txt txt: ./txt/cord-023367-ujflw19b.txt summary: The cause of transformation is usually unknown; in rare cases, especially in flock outbreaks in sheep, it can be linked to exposure to the bovine leukemia virus, which has occurred experimentally and as a result of the administration of whole blood Anaplasma vaccines. C. perfringens type C in older sheep causes the disease known as "struck." Affected animals usually are found dead or with signs of toxemia. The course of the disease is usually very short (0.5-12 hours), so sudden or spontaneous death is a common clinical sign across affected small ruminant species. Additional evidence of systemic toxemia (metabolic acidosis, azotemia, and increases in liver and muscle enzymes) also may be seen; however, diagnosis of black disease is based on characteristic history (endemic liver fluke areas), clinical signs, and postmortem findings and testing. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7169350/ doi: 10.1016/b978-0-323-62463-3.00025-6 id: cord-350793-bftztg0e author: Nizami, Shermeen title: Implementation of Artifact Detection in Critical Care: A Methodological Review date: 2018-04-30 words: 7221 sentences: 443 pages: flesch: 43 cache: ./cache/cord-350793-bftztg0e.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350793-bftztg0e.txt summary: Review results show that most published algorithms: (a) are designed for one specific type of CCU; (b) are validated on data harvested only from one Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) monitor; (c) generate Signal Quality Indicators (SQI) that are not yet formalised for useful integration in clinical workflows; (d) operate either in standalone mode or coupled with CED or PD applications; (e) are rarely evaluated in real-time; and (f) are not implemented in clinical practice. In conclusion, it is recommended that AD algorithms conform to generic input and output interfaces with commonly defined data: (1) type; (2) frequency; (3) length; and (4) SQIs. This shall promote (a) reusability of algorithms across different CCU domains; (b) evaluation on different OEM monitor data; (c) fair comparison through formalised SQIs; (d) meaningful integration with other AD, CED and PD algorithms; and (e) real-time implementation in clinical workflows. abstract: Artifact Detection (AD) techniques minimize the impact of artifacts on physiologic data acquired in Critical Care Units (CCU) by assessing quality of data prior to Clinical Event Detection (CED) and Parameter Derivation (PD). This methodological review introduces unique taxonomies to synthesize over 80 AD algorithms based on these six themes: (1) CCU; (2) Physiologic Data Source; (3) Harvested data; (4) Data Analysis; (5) Clinical Evaluation; and (6) Clinical Implementation. Review results show that most published algorithms: (a) are designed for one specific type of CCU; (b) are validated on data harvested only from one Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) monitor; (c) generate Signal Quality Indicators (SQI) that are not yet formalised for useful integration in clinical workflows; (d) operate either in standalone mode or coupled with CED or PD applications; (e) are rarely evaluated in real-time; and (f) are not implemented in clinical practice. In conclusion, it is recommended that AD algorithms conform to generic input and output interfaces with commonly defined data: (1) type; (2) frequency; (3) length; and (4) SQIs. This shall promote (a) reusability of algorithms across different CCU domains; (b) evaluation on different OEM monitor data; (c) fair comparison through formalised SQIs; (d) meaningful integration with other AD, CED and PD algorithms; and (e) real-time implementation in clinical workflows. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23372087/ doi: 10.1109/rbme.2013.2243724 id: cord-333285-0s6dnm9i author: Noonan, Devon title: Navigating Nonessential Research Trials During COVID19: The Push We Needed For Using Digital Technology To Increase Access For Rural Participants? date: 2020-04-13 words: 1082 sentences: 59 pages: flesch: 33 cache: ./cache/cord-333285-0s6dnm9i.txt txt: ./txt/cord-333285-0s6dnm9i.txt summary: title: Navigating Nonessential Research Trials During COVID19: The Push We Needed For Using Digital Technology To Increase Access For Rural Participants? 1, 2 Thus, despite increased need for effective disease management and health promotion strategies, rural residents are frequently underrepresented in these clinical trials. 3 Second, some rural areas experience systemic barriers to remote clinical trial implementation, such as limited access to Internetenabled mobile devices and requisite bandwidth capacity. When nonessential research activities restart, investigators need to carefully reconsider simply returning to the status quo of solely traditional in-person approaches and develop strategies for implementing protocols, including sample collection, remotely. For example, universities could collaborate with satellite Internet cooperatives to increase access to rural broadband that would support a wide range of public health and clinical care initiatives beyond clinical trial research that would benefit rural areas. Recruitment and participation in clinical trials: socio-demographic, rural/urban, and health care access predictors. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1111/jrh.12446 doi: 10.1111/jrh.12446 id: cord-022034-o27mh4wz author: OLANO, JUAN P. title: Distinguishing Tropical Infectious Diseases from Bioterrorism date: 2009-05-15 words: 10720 sentences: 642 pages: flesch: 41 cache: ./cache/cord-022034-o27mh4wz.txt txt: ./txt/cord-022034-o27mh4wz.txt summary: They include presence of disease outbreaks of the same illness in noncontiguous areas, disease outbreaks with zoonotic impact, different attack rates in different environments (indoor versus outdoor), presence of large epidemics in small populations, increased number of unexplained deaths, unusually high severity of a disease for a particular pathogen, unusual clinical manifestations owing to route of transmission for a given pathogen, presence of a disease (vector-borne or not) in an area not endemic for that particular disease, multiple epidemics with different diseases in the same population, a case of a disease by an uncommon agent (smallpox, viral hemorrhagic fevers, inhalational anthrax), unusual strains of microorganisms when compared to conventional strains circulating in the same affected areas, and genetically homogenous organisms isolated from different locations. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7152372/ doi: 10.1016/b978-0-443-06668-9.50124-1 id: cord-007331-wccmeaep author: Orcutt, Connie J. title: Emergency and Critical Care of Ferrets date: 2017-04-20 words: 9943 sentences: 593 pages: flesch: 45 cache: ./cache/cord-007331-wccmeaep.txt txt: ./txt/cord-007331-wccmeaep.txt summary: Differential diagnoses for the ferret in respiratory distress include pleural effusion (cardiac disease, neoplasia, infection, heartworm disease, hypoproteinemia, metabolic disease); pulmonary edema (cardiac disease, hypoproteinemia, metabolic disease, electrical cord bite); anterior mediastinal mass; pneumonia; pneumothorax; diaphragmatic hernia; tracheal obstruction; metabolic disease (acidosis); and profound weakness (circulatory collapse, hypoglycemia, anemia).21,36 Hyperthermia or pain may also manifest as dyspnea in ferrets. In contrast to the canine patient, diarrhea in the ferret is difficult to classify as being small intestinal or large intestinal in character.26 Differential diagnoses for diarrhea include GI foreign body or trichobezoar, dietary indiscretion, Helicobacter mustelae gastritis, eosinophilic gastroenteritis or other inflammatory bowel disease, neoplasia, metabolic disease (i.e., hepatopathy), clostridial overgrowth subsequent to prolonged antibiotic administration, influenza, rotavirus (usually in very young, unweaned ferrets), eDV (generally accompanied by respiratory signs and a crusting dermatitis), epizootic catarrhal enteritis ("green slime disease"), GI parasitism (i.e., coccidiosis, giardiasis), and proliferative bowel disease. abstract: Ferrets are becoming increasingly popular as pets in the United States. Emergency situations involving ferrets are most often caused by gastrointestinal disease, neoplasia, cardiac disease, or endocrinopathy. Hospitalization and supportive care of the critically ill ferret, emergency treatment techniques, and diagnostic procedures are discussed. Diseases most commonly involved in critical presentations are reviewed along with treatment protocols. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7110464/ doi: 10.1016/s1094-9194(17)30157-3 id: cord-276740-4wwo9tho author: Overholser, James C. title: Roll Out the Red Carpet: The 3rd Annual Awards for the Most Valuable Contributions to Psychotherapy date: 2020-05-20 words: 5332 sentences: 261 pages: flesch: 40 cache: ./cache/cord-276740-4wwo9tho.txt txt: ./txt/cord-276740-4wwo9tho.txt summary: The present article summarizes the results from the 3rd annual psychotherapy award program designed to highlight the valuable contributions made in eleven different categories. It seems important to highlight the contributions being made by psychotherapists each year, recognizing heroes within the field of mental health providers, who work quietly to help improve the lives of their patients. In terms of measures used in the research, psychological assessment in clinical settings often relies on a combination of self-report questionnaires, structured diagnostic interviews, and possibly other sources such as informant reports or observational measures, often completed on several occasions over the course of therapy (Overholser 2014b ). This award highlights the value of a comprehensive approach to psychotherapy, highlighting the contribution made through a published article that encourages an integrative approach to psychological treatments. The present award highlights some useful ideas and innovative strategies that can help clinicians to incorporate contemporary technology to improve their clinical services. abstract: Every spring, media coverage emphasizes the "award season", highlighting contributions made by musicians, actors, and professional athletes. Unfortunately, psychologists are not included in these gala celebrations. It seems appropriate to take time to praise the hard work and dedication that is required to publish in an academic journal. The present article summarizes the results from the 3rd annual psychotherapy award program designed to highlight the valuable contributions made in eleven different categories. A total of 81 academic journals were reviewed for their articles published during 2019, and 150 papers were found useful and relevant to the field of psychotherapy. The list was then shortened to 44 articles that were organized into eleven award categories, and the best paper in each category was selected by a panel from the journal's editorial board. The hope is that all psychotherapists will value the contributions being made in these articles. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32836374/ doi: 10.1007/s10879-020-09459-3 id: cord-352177-05sku8a8 author: Pahus, Laurie title: Patient distrust in pharmaceutical companies: an explanation for women under-representation in respiratory clinical trials? date: 2020-08-13 words: 4115 sentences: 208 pages: flesch: 36 cache: ./cache/cord-352177-05sku8a8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-352177-05sku8a8.txt summary: To additionally explain patient willingness to participate in new-drug studies or research associated with pharmaceutical companies or with public institutions, further models used the same predictive variables as for the first model, plus distrustgroup-membership as an additional explanatory variable. Our study aimed at evaluating variables associated with patient willingness to participate in different categories of clinical trials and at identifying a potential recruitment bias in clinical trials related to patient distrust in the pharmaceutical industry and healthcare systems. Several studies have previously evaluated such rates and highlighted that altruism, hope for personal benefit, contribution to advances in science as well as financial benefit are the main reasons for agreeing to participate, whereas fear of adverse events, impossibility to cope with the logistic constraints accompanying participation, poor knowledge about or negative perception of clinical trials and distrust in pharmaceutical industry are potential barriers [20] [21] [22] [23] . Distrust in pharmaceutical companies is associated with a specific patient profile and with refusal to participate in pre-marketing industry-sponsored drug trials. abstract: BACKGROUND: Patient skepticism concerning medical innovations can have major consequences for current public health and may threaten future progress, which greatly relies on clinical research. The primary objective of this study is to determine the variables associated with patient acceptation or refusal to participate in clinical research. Specifically, we sought to evaluate if distrust in pharmaceutical companies and associated psychosocial factors could represent a recruitment bias in clinical trials and thus threaten the applicability of their results. METHODS: This prospective, multicenter survey consisted in the administration of a self-questionnaire to patients during a pulmonology consultation. The 1025 questionnaires distributed collected demographics, socio-professional and basic health literacy characteristics. Patients were asked to rank their level of trust for pharmaceutical companies and indicate their willingness to participate in different categories of research (pre or post marketing, sponsored by an academic institution or pharmaceutical company). Logistic regression was used to determine factors contributing to “trust” versus “distrust” group membership and willingness to participate in each category of research. RESULTS: One thousand patients completed the survey, corresponding to a response rate of 97.5%. Data from 838 patients were analyzed in this study. 48.3% of respondents declared that they trusted pharmaceutical companies, while 35.5% declared distrust. Being female (p = 0.042), inactive in the employment market(p = 0.007), and not-knowing the name of one’s disease(p = 0.010) are factors related to declared distrust. Distrust-group membership is associated with unwillingness to participate in certain categories of trials such as pre-marketing and industry-sponsored trials. CONCLUSION: Distrust in pharmaceutical companies is associated with a specific patient profile and with refusal to participate in certain subcategories of trials. This potential recruitment bias may explain the under-representation of certain categories of patients such as women in pre-marketing drug trials. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32791969/ doi: 10.1186/s12910-020-00509-y id: cord-315730-fzgxuak7 author: Penman, Sophie L. title: Safety perspectives on presently considered drugs for the treatment of COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-17 words: 12067 sentences: 627 pages: flesch: 42 cache: ./cache/cord-315730-fzgxuak7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-315730-fzgxuak7.txt summary: Owing to their efficacy against viruses (mostly demonstrated in vitro) including influenza, HIV, coronavirus OC43, and SARS-CoV, a large number of clinical trials (>230) have been registered worldwide using chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine alone, or in combination with other drugs (e.g. azithromycin) for the treatment of COVID-19. At the time of writing, the RECOVERY trial (clinical trial identifier NCT04381936) which is the largest randomised control trial so far conducted for the treatment of COVID, has stopped recruiting to the hydroxychloroquine arm (1542 patients compared with 3132 on standard care) because of no beneficial effect either in terms of mortality or hospital stay (P. Assessment of QT Intervals in a Case Series of Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection Treated With Hydroxychloroquine Alone or in Combination With Azithromycin in an Intensive Care Unit Effect of High vs Low Doses of Chloroquine Diphosphate as Adjunctive Therapy for Patients Hospitalized With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection: A Randomized Clinical Trial abstract: Intense effort is underway to evaluate potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of COVID‐19. In order to respond quickly to the crisis, the repurposing of existing drugs is the primary pharmacological strategy. Despite the urgent clinical need for these therapies, it is imperative to consider potential safety issues. This is important due to the harm‐benefit ratios that may be encountered when treating COVID‐19, which can depend on the stage of the disease, when therapy is administered and underlying clinical factors in individual patients. Treatments are currently being trialled for a range of scenarios from prophylaxis (where benefit must greatly exceed risk) to severe life‐threatening disease (where a degree of potential risk may be tolerated if it is exceeded by the potential benefit). In this perspective, we have reviewed some of the most widely‐researched repurposed agents in order to identify potential safety considerations using existing information in the context of COVID‐19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32681537/ doi: 10.1111/bph.15204 id: cord-308421-22rcptor author: Perez-Gracia, Jose Luis title: ESMO Clinical Research Observatory (ECRO): improving the efficiency of clinical research through rationalisation of bureaucracy date: 2020-05-10 words: 3368 sentences: 144 pages: flesch: 31 cache: ./cache/cord-308421-22rcptor.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308421-22rcptor.txt summary: ECRO will aim to provide the views of ESMO on clinical research procedures based on the feedback from clinical investigators, under complete adherence to the Declaration of Helsinki, the GCP guidelines and any other applicable legal regulations, while at the same time showing profound respect for all the stakeholders involved in clinical research. ECRO will aim to provide the views of ESMO on clinical research procedures based on the feedback from clinical investigators, under complete adherence to the Declaration of Helsinki, the GCP guidelines and any other applicable legal regulations, while at the same time showing profound respect for all the stakeholders involved in clinical research. While adherence to the Declaration of Helsinki, GCP guidelines and local regulations remains unquestionable, many experienced investigators believe that their overinterpretation and misinterpretation by Clinical Research Organisations (CROs), and their substitution by their own internal Standard Operating Procedures have significantly increased the administrative burden. abstract: During the last years, there has been a dramatic increase in the administrative and bureaucratic burden associated with clinical research, which has clearly had an impact on its overall efficiency and on the activity of clinical investigators and research teams. Indeed, the supervision of the adherence of clinical research to Good Clinical Practice (GCP) guidelines and legal regulations is of the utmost importance. Yet, while such regulations have remained largely unchanged during recent years, the number of administrative tasks and their complexity have grown markedly, as supported by the results of a survey performed among 940 clinical investigators that we report in this manuscript. Therefore, many investigators believe that it has become necessary to undertake a rigorous analysis of the causes and consequences of this issue, and to create a conduit to channel the advice from experienced investigators regarding clinical research procedures, in order to improve them. Based on these premises, ESMO has launched the ESMO Clinical Research Observatory (ECRO), a task force that will analyse different aspects of clinical research. ECRO will aim to provide the views of ESMO on clinical research procedures based on the feedback from clinical investigators, under complete adherence to the Declaration of Helsinki, the GCP guidelines and any other applicable legal regulations, while at the same time showing profound respect for all the stakeholders involved in clinical research. This manuscript provides the background and rationale for the creation of ECRO, its planned activity and an analysis of the current administrative burden in clinical research with recommendations to rationalise it. Indeed, we expect that this effort shall lead to a relevant improvement in the care of patients and in the development of clinical research. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32393574/ doi: 10.1136/esmoopen-2019-000662 id: cord-326331-g4o3forj author: Rai, Ansaar T title: Neuroendovascular clinical trials disruptions due to COVID-19 potential future challenges and opportunities date: 2020-06-30 words: 3459 sentences: 195 pages: flesch: 43 cache: ./cache/cord-326331-g4o3forj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-326331-g4o3forj.txt summary: METHODS: A survey-based study focused on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and single-arm studies for acute ischemic stroke and cerebral aneurysms was developed by a group of senior neurointerventionalists and sent to sites identified through the clinical trials website (https://clinicaltrials.gov/), study sponsors, and physician investigators. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) published its guidance on the ''Conduct Of Clinical Trials Of Medical Products During COVID19 Pandemic'' for the industry, investigators, and institutional review boards in March 2020 and updated these on April 2, 2020 (https://www. These were identified by the writing group and fell into four categories: general disruption caused by trial suspensions and missed opportunities of enrollment, compromised trial quality due to inability of timely clinical and imaging follow-up, inability to enroll neurologically debilitated patients because legally authorized representatives were not at hand for face to face consent and dated remote consent procedures did not apply and, finally, personal effect of compensation or working conditions on study staff. abstract: To assess the impact of COVID-19 on neurovascular research and deal with the challenges imposed by the pandemic. METHODS: A survey-based study focused on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and single-arm studies for acute ischemic stroke and cerebral aneurysms was developed by a group of senior neurointerventionalists and sent to sites identified through the clinical trials website (https://clinicaltrials.gov/), study sponsors, and physician investigators. RESULTS: The survey was sent to 101 institutions, with 65 responding (64%). Stroke RCTs were being conducted at 40 (62%) sites, aneurysm RCTs at 22 (34%) sites, stroke single-arm studies at 37 (57%) sites, and aneurysm single-arm studies at 43 (66%) sites. Following COVID-19, enrollment was suspended at 51 (78%) sites—completely at 21 (32%) and partially at 30 (46%) sites. Missed trial-related clinics and imaging follow-ups and protocol deviations were reported by 27 (42%), 24 (37%), and 27 (42%) sites, respectively. Negative reimbursements were reported at 17 (26%) sites. The majority of sites, 49 (75%), had put new trials on hold. Of the coordinators, 41 (63%) worked from home and 20 (31%) reported a personal financial impact. Remote consent was possible for some studies at 34 (52%) sites and for all studies at 5 (8%) sites. At sites with suspended trials (n=51), endovascular treatment without enrollment occurred at 31 (61%) sites for stroke and 23 (45%) sites for aneurysms. A total of 277 patients with acute ischemic stroke and 184 with cerebral aneurysms were treated without consideration for trial enrollment. CONCLUSION: Widespread disruption of neuroendovascular trials occurred because of COVID-19. As sites resume clinical research, steps to mitigate similar challenges in the future should be considered. url: https://doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2020-016502 doi: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2020-016502 id: cord-331557-8axi74nn author: Raoult, Didier title: What does the future hold for clinical microbiology? date: 2004 words: 6513 sentences: 328 pages: flesch: 35 cache: ./cache/cord-331557-8axi74nn.txt txt: ./txt/cord-331557-8axi74nn.txt summary: When PCR is used to detect DNA in clinical specimens, microarrays can then be used to identify the amplified products by hybridization to an array that is composed of pathogen-specific probes. Kits are available for the detection and quantification of DNA and RNA in clinical samples, and the technique has been specifically developed to enable the follow-up of patients with HIV and hepatitis C infections (Amplitech AME Bioscience; Bayer Diagnostics; Roche Diagnostics). Mass-spectrometry analysis of base-specific fragmentation patterns of PCRamplified DNA has recently been studied as a technique for the rapid identification of bacterial isolates and for the detection of specific 16S rRNA gene fragments that are amplified from complex environmental samples 35 . These automated microarrays will be suitable both for mass screening of sera in epidemiology studies and in blood banks, and for diagnostics that are carried out on single serum samples in clinical microbiology laboratories. abstract: In the past decade, clinical microbiology laboratories have undergone important changes with the introduction of molecular biology techniques and laboratory automation. In the future, there will be a need for more rapid diagnoses, increased standardization of testing and greater adaptability to cope with new threats from infectious microorganisms, such as agents of bioterrorism and emerging pathogens. The combination of the new tools that are now being developed in research laboratories, the general reorganization of clinical laboratories and improved communication between physicians and clinical microbiologists should lead to profound changes in the way that clinical microbiologists work. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15040262/ doi: 10.1038/nrmicro820 id: cord-312677-rwznqiib author: Razmi, Mahdieh title: Immunomodulatory-Based Therapy as a Potential Promising Treatment Strategy against Severe COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review date: 2020-08-29 words: 6545 sentences: 306 pages: flesch: 39 cache: ./cache/cord-312677-rwznqiib.txt txt: ./txt/cord-312677-rwznqiib.txt summary: Sixty-six publications and 111 clinical trials were recognized as eligible, reporting the efficacy of the immunomodulatory agents, including corticosteroids, hydroxychloroquine, passive and cytokine-targeted therapies, mesenchymal stem cells, and blood-purification therapy, in COVID-19 patients. Various studies have focused on the efficacy of the immunomodulatory agents including corticosteroids, hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine, cytokine-targeted therapies (e.g., anakinra, siltuximab, or tocilizumab), passive immunotherapy (convalescent plasma and intravenous immunoglobulin), mesenchymal stem cells, and bloodpurification therapy, mostly as adjuvant therapy for treatment of the patients with severe COVID-19 and partly have reported promising outcomes. Included clinical studies with 1-63 participants have shown that both antagonists, specially TCZ, are effective in reducing the mortality rate specially in the severely ill patients, improving the symptoms including fever resolution, oxygenation and resolved CT scans, reducing the inflammation markers (ferritin, CRP, and D-dimer), weaning from the ICU hospitalization and ventilation, and dampening the risk of disease progression to ARDS by mitigating the cytokine storm in the NCP patients [60, 62] , as applied for CRS controlling in the CAR-T therapy [90] . abstract: The global panic of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) triggered by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to an urgent requirement for effective therapy. COVID-19 infection, especially in severely ill patients, is likely to be associated with immune dysregulation, prompting the development of novel treatment approaches. Therefore, this systematic review was designed to assess the available data regarding the efficacy of the immunomodulatory drugs used to manage COVID-19. A systematic literature search was carried out up to May 27, 2020, in four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase) and also Clinicaltrials.gov. Sixty-six publications and 111 clinical trials were recognized as eligible, reporting the efficacy of the immunomodulatory agents, including corticosteroids, hydroxychloroquine, passive and cytokine-targeted therapies, mesenchymal stem cells, and blood-purification therapy, in COVID-19 patients. The data were found to be heterogeneous, and the clinical trials were yet to post any findings. Medicines were found to regulate the immune system by boosting the innate responses or suppressing the inflammatory reactions. Passive and cytokine-targeted therapies and mesenchymal stem cells were mostly safe and could regulate the disease much better. These studies underscored the significance of severity profiling in COVID-19 patients, along with appropriate timing, duration, and dosage of the therapies. Therefore, this review indicates that immunomodulatory therapies are potentially effective for COVID-19 and provides comprehensive information for clinicians to fight this outbreak. However, there is no consensus on the optimal therapy for COVID-19, reflecting that the immunomodulatory therapies still warrant further investigations. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32896750/ doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106942 id: cord-353330-j00jj2og author: Rej, Robert title: Clinical Chemistry through Clinical Chemistry: A Journal Timeline date: 2004-12-01 words: 5653 sentences: 393 pages: flesch: 55 cache: ./cache/cord-353330-j00jj2og.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353330-j00jj2og.txt summary: It may be happenstance that their tenures were contemporaneous with reasonably defined advances and achievements in the field: "Managing Editor" Appleton (1955) (1956) (1957) (1958) (1959) (1960) (1961) (1962) (1963) (1964) (1965) (1966) (1967) (1968) (1969) with the period establishing the discipline as we know it today and with the automation of classical chemistry procedures; "Executive Editor" King (1970 King ( -1990 coincided with advances in immunoassay, computer-assisted techniques, and new instrumentation; and our current adjectiveless "Editor" Bruns (1991-) has been coeval with applications of molecular biology and evidence-based medicine. AACC establishes a bimonthly scientific journal-Clinical Chemistry-"to raise the level at which chemistry is practiced in the clinical laboratory; to stimulate the development of new methods for use in the clinical laboratory; to encourage those engaged in this field to pursue advanced studies so as more effectively to render service to the public; and to create and maintain a forum where clinical chemists may exchange ideas and information concerning their scientific, technical and professional problems." The first volume comprises some 430 pages. abstract: The establishment of the modern discipline of clinical chemistry was concurrent with the foundation of the journal Clinical Chemistry and that of the American Association for Clinical Chemistry in the late 1940s and early 1950s. To mark the 50th volume of this Journal, I chronicle and highlight scientific milestones, and those within the discipline, as documented in the pages of Clinical Chemistry. Amazing progress has been made in the field of laboratory diagnostics over these five decades, in many cases paralleling—as well as being bolstered by—the rapid pace in the development of computer technologies. Specific areas of laboratory medicine particularly well represented in Clinical Chemistry include lipids, endocrinology, protein markers, quality of laboratory measurements, molecular diagnostics, and general advances in methodology and instrumentation. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15563498/ doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2004.042820 id: cord-282261-wcmc5mh6 author: Rhodus, Elizabeth K. title: COVID-19 and geriatric clinical trials research date: 2020-09-16 words: 2256 sentences: 104 pages: flesch: 34 cache: ./cache/cord-282261-wcmc5mh6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282261-wcmc5mh6.txt summary: The COVID-19 crisis affects every aspect of clinical trial research engagement including: recruitment and retention; ability to ensure participant safety while engaged in experimental interventions; study procedures, including consideration of remote assessments, impact on populations with health disparities, and generalizability of future results; outcome measures, including biomarker assessment; impact on the clinical trial workforce, including attrition; impact on dissemination of results and scientific collaborations, which move the clinical trial infrastructure forward; current and future funding allocations; and regulatory considerations in regards to management of altered study conduct and change of outcome measures (Fig. 1) . The purpose of this article is to highlight the impact of disasters such as the COVID-19 pandemic on geriatric clinical trials research and propose approaches for the scientific community to continue pushing forward. The vulnerability of older adults to COVID-19 is a critical reminder for the need to prepare for disasters during clinical trial design. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32939681/ doi: 10.1007/s40520-020-01705-x id: cord-346539-kxnrf5g5 author: Riggioni, Carmen title: A compendium answering 150 questions on COVID‐19 and SARS‐CoV‐2 date: 2020-06-14 words: 15760 sentences: 1112 pages: flesch: 48 cache: ./cache/cord-346539-kxnrf5g5.txt txt: ./txt/cord-346539-kxnrf5g5.txt summary: This paper answers pressing questions, formulated by young clinicians and scientists, on SARS‐CoV‐2, COVID‐19 and allergy, focusing on the following topics: virology, immunology, diagnosis, management of patients with allergic disease and asthma, treatment, clinical trials, drug discovery, vaccine development and epidemiology. The first cases of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) , caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), were reported in China in December 2019 1 and rapidly led to pandemic. 40, 41 A seroconversion study in COVID-19 patients has found and association between disease severity and SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA levels. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy may potentiate the low IFN-I and -III levels and moderate IFN-stimulated gene response reported in SARS-CoV-2-infected ferrets and COVID-19 patients. Effect of High vs Low Doses of Chloroquine Diphosphate as Adjunctive Therapy for Patients Hospitalized With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection: A Randomized Clinical Trial abstract: In December 2019, China reported the first cases of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). This disease, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome‐related coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), has developed into a pandemic. To date it has resulted in ~6.5 million confirmed cases and caused almost 400,000 related deaths worldwide. Unequivocally, the COVID‐19 pandemic is the gravest health and socio‐economic crisis of our time. In this context, numerous questions have emerged in demand of basic scientific information and evidence‐based medical advice on SARS‐CoV‐2 and COVID‐19. Although the majority of the patients show a very mild, self‐limiting viral respiratory disease, many clinical manifestations in severe patients are unique to COVID‐19, such as severe lymphopenia and eosinopenia, extensive pneumonia, a “cytokine storm” leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome, endothelitis, thrombo‐embolic complications and multiorgan failure. The epidemiologic features of COVID‐19 are distinctive and have changed throughout the pandemic. Vaccine and drug development studies and clinical trials are rapidly growing at an unprecedented speed. However, basic and clinical research on COVID‐19‐related topics should be based on more coordinated high‐quality studies. This paper answers pressing questions, formulated by young clinicians and scientists, on SARS‐CoV‐2, COVID‐19 and allergy, focusing on the following topics: virology, immunology, diagnosis, management of patients with allergic disease and asthma, treatment, clinical trials, drug discovery, vaccine development and epidemiology. Over 140 questions were answered by experts in the field providing a comprehensive and practical overview of COVID‐19 and allergic disease. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32535955/ doi: 10.1111/all.14449 id: cord-324607-rpwccvqi author: Rojek, Amanda M title: Core Minimal Datasets to Advance Clinical Research for Priority Epidemic Diseases date: 2020-02-15 words: 1260 sentences: 63 pages: flesch: 39 cache: ./cache/cord-324607-rpwccvqi.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324607-rpwccvqi.txt summary: Among the noteworthy successes of vaccine trials, and the commendable efforts to implement clinical treatment trials during Ebola outbreaks, we should also focus on strengthening the collection and curation of epidemiological and observational data that can improve the conception and design of clinical research. Table 1 identifies some key domains that could contribute to a core minimal dataset that informs clinical trial design for each priority pathogen. While these data have their most important benefits in improving patient management (through better recognition of disease complications and informing supportive care) and public health control, patient-based data are also used to determine key parameters for clinical trials, such as the inclusion criteria, the nature and rate of clinically relevant outcomes, and potential confounders. A systematic review and meta-analysis of patient data from the west Africa (2013-16) Ebola virus disease epidemic abstract: The Ebola virus disease outbreak in west Africa has prompted significant progress in responding to the clinical needs of patients affected by emerging infectious disease outbreaks. Among the noteworthy successes of vaccine trials, and the commendable efforts to implement clinical treatment trials during Ebola outbreaks, we should also focus on strengthening the collection and curation of epidemiological and observational data that can improve the conception and design of clinical research. url: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz760 doi: 10.1093/cid/ciz760 id: cord-319933-yp9ofhi8 author: Ruiz, Sara I. title: Chapter 38 Animal Models of Human Viral Diseases date: 2013-12-31 words: 28834 sentences: 1797 pages: flesch: 46 cache: ./cache/cord-319933-yp9ofhi8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319933-yp9ofhi8.txt summary: An experimental study with cell culture-adapted hepatitis Avirus in guinea pigs challenged by oral or intraperitoneal routes did not result in clinical disease, increase in liver enzymes, or seroconversion. 32 NHPs including marmosets, cotton-top tamarins, and rhesus macaques infected with Norwalk virus can be monitored for the extent of viral shedding; however, no clinical disease is observed in these models. 66, 67 Intracerebral and intranasal routes of infection resulted in a fatal disease that was highly dependent on dose, while intradermal and subcutaneous inoculations caused only 50% fatality in mice regardless of the amount of virus. A mouse-adapted (MA) strain of Dengue virus 2 introduced into AG129 mice developed vascular leak syndrome similar to the severe disease seen in humans. [138] [139] [140] [141] [142] [143] [144] Inoculation of WNV into NHPs intracerebrally resulted in the development of either encephalitis, febrile disease, or an asymptomatic infection, depending on the virus strain and dose. abstract: Abstract As the threat of exposure to emerging and reemerging viruses within a naive population increases, it is vital that the basic mechanisms of pathogenesis and immune response be thoroughly investigated. By using animal models in this endeavor, the response to viruses can be studied in a more natural context to identify novel drug targets, and assess the efficacy and safety of new products. This is especially true in the advent of the Food and Drug Administration's animal rule. Although no one animal model is able to recapitulate all the aspects of human disease, understanding the current limitations allows for a more targeted experimental design. Important facets to be considered before an animal study are the route of challenge, species of animals, biomarkers of disease, and a humane endpoint. This chapter covers the current animal models for medically important human viruses, and demonstrates where the gaps in knowledge exist. url: https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/pii/B9780124158948000385 doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-415894-8.00038-5 id: cord-017331-ru7mvfc0 author: Samanta, Indranil title: Infectious Diseases date: 2017-02-25 words: 37735 sentences: 2273 pages: flesch: 45 cache: ./cache/cord-017331-ru7mvfc0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-017331-ru7mvfc0.txt summary: The chapter includes history, etiology, susceptible hosts, transmission, pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, lesion, diagnosis, zoonosis, Treatment and control strategy of Tuberculosis, Salmonellosis, Chlamydiosis, Campylobacteriosis, Lyme disease, other bacterial infection, Newcastle disease, Avian Influenza infection, West Nile Virus infection, Usutu virus infection, Avian Borna Virus infection, Beak and feather disease, other viral infection, Toxoplasmosis, Giardiasis, Cryptosporidiosis, other parasitic infection, Cryptococcosis, Aspergillosis, Other fungal infections. Clinical samples include faeces or cloacal swabs, blood/serum of live birds and affected tissues, such as liver, spleen, heart, intestine/caeca, lung, esophagus/crop, brain and kidney in 10% buffered formalin. Non-specific clinical symptoms such as neurological signs (head between legs), depression, ruffled feathers, and standing at the bottom of the cage are observed in pet birds with AIV infection (Fig. 2.13) . The virus is detected in brain, heart, liver, kidney, lungs, and intestinal tissues of laboratory mice and naturally infected birds. abstract: The chapter describes bacerial, viral, parasitic and fungal infections commonly detected in pet birds. The chapter includes history, etiology, susceptible hosts, transmission, pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, lesion, diagnosis, zoonosis, Treatment and control strategy of Tuberculosis, Salmonellosis, Chlamydiosis, Campylobacteriosis, Lyme disease, other bacterial infection, Newcastle disease, Avian Influenza infection, West Nile Virus infection, Usutu virus infection, Avian Borna Virus infection, Beak and feather disease, other viral infection, Toxoplasmosis, Giardiasis, Cryptosporidiosis, other parasitic infection, Cryptococcosis, Aspergillosis, Other fungal infections. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7121861/ doi: 10.1007/978-981-10-3674-3_2 id: cord-342756-rgm9ffpk author: Senger, Mario Roberto title: COVID-19: molecular targets, drug repurposing and new avenues for drug discovery date: 2020-10-02 words: 16108 sentences: 1024 pages: flesch: 51 cache: ./cache/cord-342756-rgm9ffpk.txt txt: ./txt/cord-342756-rgm9ffpk.txt summary: Here, we aimed at presenting a critical view of ongoing drug repurposing efforts for COVID-19 as well as discussing opportunities for development of new treatments based on current knowledge of the mechanism of infection and potential targets within. In the following topic, we will review SARS-CoV-2 structure and mechanism of infection in order to discuss molecular targets from the virus or its human host that are being considered for drug repurposing and perhaps future development of new drugs. (128) Its role as a functional receptor of SARS-CoV-2 S protein in host cells makes this protein a potential drug target to treat COVID-19. (138) TMPRSS2 has a major role in SARS-CoV-2 cell entry and replication, and thus represents an interesting therapeutic target since its inhibitors could potentially block virus infection in its initial stages. (199) A robust preclinical drug discovery pipeline comprising in vitro, and in vivo models of SARS-CoV-2 infection is particularly important to identify new antivirals for human COVID-19 treatment. abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly contagious infection that may break the healthcare system of several countries. Here, we aimed at presenting a critical view of ongoing drug repurposing efforts for COVID-19 as well as discussing opportunities for development of new treatments based on current knowledge of the mechanism of infection and potential targets within. Finally, we also discuss patent protection issues, cost effectiveness and scalability of synthetic routes for some of the most studied repurposing candidates since these are key aspects to meet global demand for COVID-19 treatment. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33027420/ doi: 10.1590/0074-02760200254 id: cord-316647-jj8anf5g author: Shang, You title: Management of critically ill patients with COVID-19 in ICU: statement from front-line intensive care experts in Wuhan, China date: 2020-06-06 words: 13583 sentences: 668 pages: flesch: 39 cache: ./cache/cord-316647-jj8anf5g.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316647-jj8anf5g.txt summary: RESULTS: A comprehensive document with 46 statements are presented, including protection of medical personnel, etiological treatment, diagnosis and treatment of tissue and organ functional impairment, psychological interventions, immunity therapy, nutritional support, and transportation of critically ill COVID-19 patients. Statement 8 Convalescent plasma therapy should probably be used for severe and critically ill patients with COVID-19 (Grade 2+, weak recommendation). However, critically ill patients with COVID-19 have a longer mechanical ventilation time, and daily sedatives interruption is not suggested for patients receiving deep sedation in order to reduce lung damage during early stage of severe ARDS. Light sedation is suggested for severe COVID-19 patients receiving HFNC oxygen therapy and non-invasive mechanical ventilation, and also for critically ill patients in the recovering stage (expert opinion). Effect of high vs low doses of chloroquine diphosphate as adjunctive therapy for patients hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection: a randomized clinical trial abstract: BACKGROUND: The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) pandemic has swept all over the world, posing a great pressure on critical care resources due to large number of patients needing critical care. Statements from front-line experts in the field of intensive care are urgently needed. METHODS: Sixteen front-line experts in China fighting against the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan were organized to develop an expert statement after 5 rounds of expert seminars and discussions to provide trustworthy recommendation on the management of critically ill COVID-19 patients. Each expert was assigned tasks within their field of expertise to provide draft statements and rationale. Parts of the expert statement are based on epidemiological and clinical evidence, without available scientific evidences. RESULTS: A comprehensive document with 46 statements are presented, including protection of medical personnel, etiological treatment, diagnosis and treatment of tissue and organ functional impairment, psychological interventions, immunity therapy, nutritional support, and transportation of critically ill COVID-19 patients. Among them, 5 recommendations were strong (Grade 1), 21 were weak (Grade 2), and 20 were experts’ opinions. A strong agreement from voting participants was obtained for all recommendations. CONCLUSION: There are still no targeted therapies for COVID-19 patients. Dynamic monitoring and supportive treatment for the restoration of tissue vascularization and organ function are particularly important. url: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13613-020-00689-1 doi: 10.1186/s13613-020-00689-1 id: cord-031188-btrc3k4c author: Shrestha, Sunil title: Clinical Pharmacy Education and Practice in Nepal: A Glimpse into Present Challenges and Potential Solutions date: 2020-08-14 words: 3521 sentences: 212 pages: flesch: 42 cache: ./cache/cord-031188-btrc3k4c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-031188-btrc3k4c.txt summary: However, the education and training for pharmacists provided in the country are not sufficient enough for optimum patient care and for delivering clinical pharmacy services. International collaborations in terms of faculty and student exchanges, preceptor training, and accreditation by international organizations such as Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE), establishment of need-based curriculum, incorporating clinical pharmacy department under the organizational structure of hospitals, etc., may be the right approaches to improve the current status of clinical pharmacy education in the country. 7, 8 Clinical pharmacy service is provided by the pharmacist who possesses specialized advanced education and training and works in collaboration with other health care professionals. Awareness among other health care professionals and hospital management on the importance of clinical pharmacy services should be the starting point of change to achieve excellence in clinical pharmacy practice in Nepal. abstract: This commentary article highlights the challenges in providing clinical pharmacy education in Nepal and suggests a few ways forward. Contrary to other health care professions, clinical pharmacy practice is a new healthcare discipline in the country which is currently undergoing transition. The existing pharmacy curriculum and training in the country can provide competencies needed for pharmacists in industrial settings. Considering the importance of clinical pharmacists in patient care, the Government of Nepal has implemented a policy recommending the recruitment of clinical pharmacists in hospitals. However, the education and training for pharmacists provided in the country are not sufficient enough for optimum patient care and for delivering clinical pharmacy services. International collaborations in terms of faculty and student exchanges, preceptor training, and accreditation by international organizations such as Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE), establishment of need-based curriculum, incorporating clinical pharmacy department under the organizational structure of hospitals, etc., may be the right approaches to improve the current status of clinical pharmacy education in the country. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7439280/ doi: 10.2147/amep.s257351 id: cord-324388-onc441uw author: Siddiqui, Urooj title: Same-Day Consent for Regional Anesthesia Clinical Research Trials: It’s About Time date: 2020-08-12 words: 3586 sentences: 170 pages: flesch: 37 cache: ./cache/cord-324388-onc441uw.txt txt: ./txt/cord-324388-onc441uw.txt summary: Notwithstanding the low-risk nature of participation in most regional anesthesia clinical trials, subject recruitment on the same day as surgery is often prohibited by local research ethics boards (REB) due to their concerns regarding patient autonomy and perceptions of patient vulnerability immediately before surgery that could impact the voluntary nature and the rigor of the informed consent process. abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1213/ane.0000000000005196 doi: 10.1213/ane.0000000000005196 id: cord-319805-b6ypt5d0 author: Siepmann, Timo title: Association of history of cerebrovascular disease with severity of COVID-19 date: 2020-08-06 words: 5096 sentences: 230 pages: flesch: 40 cache: ./cache/cord-319805-b6ypt5d0.txt txt: ./txt/cord-319805-b6ypt5d0.txt summary: We systematically searched electronic databases including MEDLINE (accessed by PubMed), EMBASE and Cochrane Library for identification of all available observational studies that reported on laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients aged ≥18 years with information given on disease severity and past history of CVD. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to explore the predictive value of history of CVD for severity outcomes of COVID-19 including clinical severity according to the classification by the National Health Commission guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of COVID-19, in-hospital death and necessity of intensive care [10]. When considering only published data from Chinese cohorts in pooled analysis (n = 1805), history of CVD was also associated with increased risk of severity of COVID-19 (RR 2.39, 95% CI 1.94-2.94; p < 0.0001) with similar results on sensitivity analyses for study-specific severity outcomes (clinical parameters: RR 1.83, 95% CI 1.28-2.63; p = 0.001; necessity of intensive care: RR 2.9, 95% CI 1.61-5.24; p < 0.0001 and in-hospital death: RR 2.14, 95% CI 1.7-2.7; p < 0.0001). abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a history of cerebrovascular disease (CVD) increases risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: In a retrospective multicenter study, we retrieved individual data from in-patients treated March 1 to April 15, 2020 from COVID-19 registries of three hospitals in Saxony, Germany. We also performed a systematic review and meta-analysis following PRISMA recommendations using PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library databases and bibliographies of identified papers (last search on April 11, 2020) and pooled data with those deriving from our multicenter study. Of 3762 records identified, 11 eligible observational studies of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients were included in quantitative data synthesis. Risk ratios (RR) of severe COVID-19 according to history of CVD were pooled using DerSimonian and Laird random effects model. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran’s Q and I2-statistics. Severity of COVID-19 according to definitions applied in included studies was the main outcome. Sensitivity analyses were conducted for clusters of studies with equal definitions of severity. RESULTS: Pooled analysis included data from 1906 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients (43.9% females, median age ranging from 39 to 76 years). Patients with previous CVD had higher risk of severe COVID-19 than those without [RR 2.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.52–2.81; p < 0.0001]. This association was also observed in clusters of studies that defined severe manifestation of the disease by clinical parameters (RR 1.44, 95% CI 1.22–1.71; p < 0.0001), necessity of intensive care (RR 2.79, 95% CI 1.83–4.24; p < 0.0001) and in-hospital death (RR 2.18, 95% CI 1.75–2.7; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: A history of CVD might constitute an important risk factor of unfavorable clinical course of COVID-19 suggesting a need of tailored infection prevention and clinical management strategies for this population at risk. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00415-020-10121-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32761508/ doi: 10.1007/s00415-020-10121-0 id: cord-308284-r546ypur author: Simpson, Shmona title: Navigating facilitated regulatory pathways during a disease X pandemic date: 2020-10-23 words: 7029 sentences: 338 pages: flesch: 38 cache: ./cache/cord-308284-r546ypur.txt txt: ./txt/cord-308284-r546ypur.txt summary: Several potential regulatory scenarios may exist and co-exist during an epidemic: for example, (a) de-novo candidates requiring rapid development and regulatory assessment (b) de-novo products requiring assessment when the typical package of clinical efficacy data may not be available, (c) approval of de novo or repurposed products for "emergency" use only in specific populations (d) for compassionate use in specific (e.g., "named") individuals of an unauthorized medicine (e) conditional or accelerated authorization before the completion of efficacy studies or, (f) use of a licensed product outside of its approved use (e.g., for another indication, dosage regimen, or population). Conditional term-limited approval 22 FDA''s Expanded Access (EA) is a program designed for patients with an immediately life-threatening disease to access a product that has clinical trial data (putatively showing an acceptable benefit-risk profile)-but does not yet have marketing authorization. abstract: In 2018, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation convened over thirty subject matter experts in clinical development, manufacturing, and regulatory assessment to determine how the development and approval of medical countermeasures could be accelerated in the event of Disease X. Disease X is the result of a presently unknown pathogen with epidemic or pandemic potential. A key opportunity to accelerate the scientific assessment and regulatory approval of medical countermeasures exists within efficient navigation of facilitated regulatory pathways. It was identified that not all stakeholders will be able to skillfully navigate the facilitated pathways offered by the various regulatory agencies during a public health emergency. To democratize this knowledge, we have written an overview of the facilitated approaches which have been developed and refined by Stringent Regulatory Authorities and the World Health Organization for the primary assessment of medical products. We discuss the conditions necessary for use of these approaches, scenarios in which certain pathways may be applicable, and the pros and cons of these approaches. We also address opportunities available to developers in, or developers who wish to access, low-income countries that may have nascent regulatory frameworks. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33110630/ doi: 10.1038/s41541-020-00249-5 id: cord-336554-n8n5ii5k author: Singh, Thakur Uttam title: Drug repurposing approach to fight COVID-19 date: 2020-09-05 words: 13032 sentences: 690 pages: flesch: 44 cache: ./cache/cord-336554-n8n5ii5k.txt txt: ./txt/cord-336554-n8n5ii5k.txt summary: Number of drugs such as remdesivir, favipiravir, ribavirin, lopinavir, ritonavir, darunavir, arbidol, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, tocilizumab and interferons have shown inhibitory effects against the SARS-CoV2 in-vitro as well as in clinical conditions. Outbreaks of novel emerging infections such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) have unique challenges in front of the health professionals to select appropriate therapeutics/pharmacological treatments in the clinical setup with very little time available for the new drug discovery [3] . Currently, with the lack of effective agents against SARS-CoV2 as well as public-health emergency, WHO has identified some therapies which doctors and researchers believe are the most promising, such as a combination of two HIV drugs (lopinavir and ritonavir), anti-malarial drugs (chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine), and an experimental antiviral compound remdesivir. Ribavirin at a dose rate of 500 mg 2-3 times/day in combination with other drugs such as lopinavir/ritonavir or interferon (IFN)-α through intravenous route for not more than 10 days made the SARS-CoV2 infected patients more resistant to respiratory distress syndrome as well as death [41] . abstract: Currently, there are no treatment options available for the deadly contagious disease, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Drug repurposing is a process of identifying new uses for approved or investigational drugs and it is considered as a very effective strategy for drug discovery as it involves less time and cost to find a therapeutic agent in comparison to the de novo drug discovery process. The present review will focus on the repurposing efficacy of the currently used drugs against COVID-19 and their mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, dosing, safety, and their future perspective. Relevant articles with experimental studies conducted in-silico, in-vitro, in-vivo, clinical trials in humans, case reports, and news archives were selected for the review. Number of drugs such as remdesivir, favipiravir, ribavirin, lopinavir, ritonavir, darunavir, arbidol, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, tocilizumab and interferons have shown inhibitory effects against the SARS-CoV2 in-vitro as well as in clinical conditions. These drugs either act through virus-related targets such as RNA genome, polypeptide packing and uptake pathways or target host-related pathways involving angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptors and inflammatory pathways. Using the basic knowledge of viral pathogenesis and pharmacodynamics of drugs as well as using computational tools, many drugs are currently in pipeline to be repurposed. In the current scenario, repositioning of the drugs could be considered the new avenue for the treatment of COVID-19. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43440-020-00155-6 doi: 10.1007/s43440-020-00155-6 id: cord-255746-ir73lpi8 author: Sirimaturos, Michael title: Clinical Outcomes Following Tocilizumab Administration in Mechanically Ventilated Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients date: 2020-10-01 words: 4095 sentences: 205 pages: flesch: 36 cache: ./cache/cord-255746-ir73lpi8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-255746-ir73lpi8.txt summary: CONCLUSIONS: Based on clinical outcomes and mortality rates seen in previous reports of mechanically ventilated patients, tocilizumab, as part of the management strategy for severe coronavirus disease 2019, represents a promising option. While several reports on tocilizumab treatment in COVID-19 patients now exist, data pertaining specifically to tocilizumab use in a large cohort of critically ill patients on invasive ventilation is lacking (11, 12) . Thus, in this report, we describe the 21-day outcomes of mechanically ventilated patients with severe COVID-19 who received tocilizumab as part of their management strategy. Our report of tocilizumab in patients exclusively receiving invasive mechanical ventilation demonstrates a 21-day mortality of 21% and clinical improvement at day 21 in 58% of patients with severe disease. Preliminary data from the placebo-controlled trial of remdesivir, which subsequently led to its emergency use authorization by the FDA for treatment of severe COVID-19, do not demonstrate differences in recovery or mortality rates between the remdesivir and placebo groups among patients on invasive ventilation (21) . abstract: Effective treatments for the critically ill patient with novel coronavirus disease 2019 are desperately needed. Given the role of cytokine release syndrome in the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019-associated respiratory distress, therapies aimed at mitigating cytokine release, such as the interleukin-6 receptor-inhibiting monoclonal antibody tocilizumab, represent potential treatment strategies. Therefore, we examined the outcomes of critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 patients treated with tocilizumab and factors associated with clinical improvement. DESIGN: A retrospective cohort analysis of 21-day outcomes for consecutive mechanically ventilated patients treated with tocilizumab from March 24, 2020, to May 4, 2020. SETTING: Nine ICUs at six hospitals within a hospital system in Houston, Texas, United States. PATIENTS: The first 62 coronavirus disease 2019 patients on invasive mechanical ventilation who were treated with tocilizumab, which was considered for all patients with severe disease. INTERVENTIONS: Tocilizumab was administered either at a weight-based dose of 4–8 mg/kg or at a flat dose of 400 mg, with repeat administration in some patients at the physician’s discretion. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The primary outcomes were mortality and clinical improvement, defined as extubation. By day 21 post-tocilizumab, clinical improvement occurred in 36 patients (58%) and 13 patients (21%) died. In both univariable and multivariable analyses, age less than 60 years was associated with clinical improvement. Transient transaminitis was the most common adverse reaction, occurring in 25 patients (40%). CONCLUSIONS: Based on clinical outcomes and mortality rates seen in previous reports of mechanically ventilated patients, tocilizumab, as part of the management strategy for severe coronavirus disease 2019, represents a promising option. These findings support the need for evaluation of tocilizumab in a randomized controlled trial. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33063035/ doi: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000232 id: cord-354216-4khdcjed author: Sultan, Shahnaz title: AGA Institute Rapid Review of the GI and Liver Manifestations of COVID-19, Meta-Analysis of International Data, and Recommendations for the Consultative Management of Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-05-11 words: 5641 sentences: 336 pages: flesch: 45 cache: ./cache/cord-354216-4khdcjed.txt txt: ./txt/cord-354216-4khdcjed.txt summary: Abstract Background Multiple gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms including diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, and abdominal pain, as well liver enzyme abnormalities have been variably reported in patients with COVID-19. The AGA) Institute Clinical Guideline Committee and Clinical Practice Updates Committee performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of international data on GI and liver manifestations of COVID-19. 4 More recent data from a cohort of 5700 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 within a large healthcare system in New York City revealed common comorbidities including hypertension (56.6%), obesity (41.7%), and diabetes (33.8%), and reported that 373 (14.2%) of patients required treatment in the intensive care unit, and 320 (12.2%) received invasive mechanical ventilation, in whom the mortality was 88.1% (282/320)]. Also, many of the studies in this analysis did not report on how many patients had underlying liver disease and if these patients were at an elevated risk of having increased LFTs in the setting of COVID-19 infection. abstract: Abstract Background Multiple gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms including diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, and abdominal pain, as well liver enzyme abnormalities have been variably reported in patients with COVID-19. The AGA) Institute Clinical Guideline Committee and Clinical Practice Updates Committee performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of international data on GI and liver manifestations of COVID-19. Methods We performed a systematic literature search to identify published and unpublished studies using OVID Medline and pre-print servers (medRxiv, LitCovid, and SSRN) up until April 5 2020; major journal sites were monitored for US publications until April 19 2020. We analyzed the prevalence of diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain as well as LFT abnormalities using a fixed effect model and assessed the certainty of evidence using GRADE. Results We identified 118 studies and used a hierarchal study selection process to identify unique cohorts. We performed a meta-analysis of 47 studies including 10,890 unique patients. Pooled prevalence estimates of GI symptoms was diarrhea 7.7% (95% CI 7.2-8.2), nausea/vomiting 7.8% (95% CI 7.1-8.5), abdominal pain 2.7% (95% CI 2.0-3.4). Most studies reported on hospitalized patients. The pooled prevalence of elevated liver abnormalities was: AST 15.0% (13.6 to 16.5) and ALT 15.0% (13.6 to 16.4). When analyzed comparing data from China to studies from countries other than China, diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, liver abnormalities were more prevalent outside of China with diarrhea reported in 18.3% (16.6 to 20.1). Isolated GI symptoms were rarely reported. We also summarized of the Gl and liver adverse effects of the most commonly utilized medications for COVID19 Conclusions GI symptoms are associated with COVID-19 in less than 10% of patients. In studies outside of China, estimates are higher. Further studies are needed with standardized GI symptoms questionnaires and LFT checks on admission to better quantify and qualify the association of these symptoms with COVID-19. Based on findings from our meta-anlaysis, we make several Best Practice Statements for the consultative management of COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32407808/ doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.05.001 id: cord-262843-i0cy7467 author: Suzumoto, Masaki title: A scoring system for management of acute pharyngo-tonsillitis in adults date: 2008-09-05 words: 3339 sentences: 199 pages: flesch: 46 cache: ./cache/cord-262843-i0cy7467.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262843-i0cy7467.txt summary: Patients with acute pharyngo-tonsillitis were evaluated for causative pathogens and were assessed clinical symptoms and pharyngo-tonsillar finding by a clinical scoring system. CONCLUSION: The current study strongly suggested that the clinical scoring system reflected disease severity well and would be very useful for evaluating clinical course and decision making for the antimicrobial treatment of acute pharyngo-tonisllitis. An appropriate scoring system was also developed and applied for evaluating severities and clinical course of acute pharyngo-tonsillitis. In the current study, we defined causative pathogens and the severity of acute pharyngotonsillitis by a clinical scoring system in adult patients. In this study, the frequencies of viruses in adult acute pharyngo-tonsillitis were lower rather than those reported in children, when we applied PCR/RT-PCR to identify four important viruses such as RS virus, adenovirus, influenza virus, and hMPV from pharyngeal swab. abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a scoring system for the management of acute pharyngo-tonsillitis. METHODS: We conducted a prospective study between May 2004 and June 2005. Patients with acute pharyngo-tonsillitis were evaluated for causative pathogens and were assessed clinical symptoms and pharyngo-tonsillar finding by a clinical scoring system. RESULTS: A total 214 adult patients were enrolled in this study. Streptococcus pyogenes were identified at 13.6%. Thirty-one viruses were also identified by PCR. They were adenovirus (4.8%), influenza virus (1.0%), RS virus (6.3%), and human metapneumovirus (2.9%). Numbers of total white blood cells and levels of C-reactive protein showed a significant positive correlation with clinical scores (p < 0.001) and were also higher in cases with S. pyogenes. The clinical scores rapidly improved after the antimicrobial treatments in moderate cases and severe cases. CONCLUSION: The current study strongly suggested that the clinical scoring system reflected disease severity well and would be very useful for evaluating clinical course and decision making for the antimicrobial treatment of acute pharyngo-tonisllitis. url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anl.2008.07.001 doi: 10.1016/j.anl.2008.07.001 id: cord-316432-xemz7zn9 author: Talaie, Haleh title: Is there any potential management against COVID-19? A systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-08-18 words: 5089 sentences: 261 pages: flesch: 38 cache: ./cache/cord-316432-xemz7zn9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-316432-xemz7zn9.txt summary: METHODS: Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane, and Scholar databases were searched from inception to July 1, 2020, to identify studies reporting the current treatment process and medications (e.g. hydroxychloroquine, antiviral therapy, convalescent plasma, and immunomodulatory agents) for COVID-19. Zhong et al., provided a systematic review and meta-analysis including the therapies for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome (MERS) mainly besides COVID-19 and assessed their safety and efficacy profiles [31] . All types of studies i.e. randomized controlled trials (RCTs), prospective or retrospective cohort studies, and the case series that investigated clinical outcomes and/or viral clearance among adult patients were included to conduct this study. In agreement with previous researches, our meta-analysis results showed that the administration of immunomodulatory agents (especially tocilizumab and anakinra) significantly decreased the mortality rate and ameliorate clinical symptoms in patients with COVID-19 [113, 114] . Virological and clinical cure in COVID-19 patients treated with hydroxychloroquine: a systematic review and meta-analysis abstract: PURPOSE: A recent survey has shown that the COVID-19 pandemic has culminated in dramatical and critical treatment particularly in acute infected patients. In fact, this systematic review-meta-analysis was directly pertained to estimation at the efficient value of some clinical managements to confront the COVID-19 infection. METHODS: Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane, and Scholar databases were searched from inception to July 1, 2020, to identify studies reporting the current treatment process and medications (e.g. hydroxychloroquine, antiviral therapy, convalescent plasma, and immunomodulatory agents) for COVID-19. A random-effects model meta-analysis was performed to calculate the relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The outcomes of this study were the frequency of negative conversion cases, clinical improvements, mechanical ventilation demand, intensive care unit (ICU) entry, and mortality. The standard treatment refers to the published guidelines and specialist experience which varies in different articles, and the proposed treatment refers to the kind of interest suggested in the included studies. RESULTS: A number of 45 articles met the eligibility criteria (out of 6793 articles). Among them, 26 articles involving 3263 patients were included in quantitative analysis. Anti-COVID-19 interventions could significantly increase clinical improvement (RR 1.17, 95% CI 1.08–1.27; I(2) = 49.8%) and reduce the mortality rate (RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.35–0.95; I(2) = 74.8%). Although in terms of negative conversion, ICU entry, and mechanical ventilation demand, clinical intervention had no beneficial effect. The clinical effect of immunomodulatory agents (especially tocilizumab and anakinra) was noticeable compared to other medications with RR of 0.22 (95% CI 0.09–0.53; I(2) = 40.9%) for mortality and 1.25 (95% CI 1.07–1.46; I(2) = 45.4%) for clinical improvement. Moreover, Antivirals (RR 1.13, 95% CI 1.01–1.26; I(2) = 47.0%) and convalescent plasma therapy (RR 1.41, 95% CI 1.01–1.98; I(2) = 66.6%) had significant beneficial effects on clinical improvement. CONCLUSION: Based on our findings, all the included interventions significantly declined the mortality and enhanced clinical improvements with no effect on negative conversion and mechanical ventilation demand. Especially, immunomodulators and plasma therapy showed favorable outcomes. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: [Figure: see text] ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s40199-020-00367-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40199-020-00367-4 doi: 10.1007/s40199-020-00367-4 id: cord-353887-f4yd7guj author: Tang, Yujun title: Cytokine Storm in COVID-19: The Current Evidence and Treatment Strategies date: 2020-07-10 words: 8532 sentences: 461 pages: flesch: 44 cache: ./cache/cord-353887-f4yd7guj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-353887-f4yd7guj.txt summary: Besides, corticosteroids, programmed cell death protein (PD)-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibition, cytokine-adsorption devices, intravenous immunoglobulin, and antimalarial agents could be potentially useful and reliable approaches to counteract cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients. In this review, we referred COVID-19 associated cytokine storm as the patients who are severely ill along with a high concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The innate and adaptive immune responses activated by SARS-CoV-2 infection lead to uncontrolled inflammatory responses and ultimately cause the cytokine storm (14) . MERS-CoV infects the cells mentioned above to induce delayed (but increased) levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-2) and chemokines (e.g., CCL2, CCL3) (27, 30) . Although SARS-CoV is abortive in macrophages and DCs, the virus induces an increase in levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (31, 32) . A comment and a meta-analysis, which mainly bases on the evidence of SARS and MERS (64, 65) , stated that corticosteroid would increase mortality and delayed clearance of viral in coronavirus infection diseases. abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) is the pathogen that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). As of 25 May 2020, the outbreak of COVID-19 has caused 347,192 deaths around the world. The current evidence showed that severely ill patients tend to have a high concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6, compared to those who are moderately ill. The high level of cytokines also indicates a poor prognosis in COVID-19. Besides, excessive infiltration of pro-inflammatory cells, mainly involving macrophages and T-helper 17 cells, has been found in lung tissues of patients with COVID-19 by postmortem examination. Recently, increasing studies indicate that the “cytokine storm” may contribute to the mortality of COVID-19. Here, we summarize the clinical and pathologic features of the cytokine storm in COVID-19. Our review shows that SARS-Cov-2 selectively induces a high level of IL-6 and results in the exhaustion of lymphocytes. The current evidence indicates that tocilizumab, an IL-6 inhibitor, is relatively effective and safe. Besides, corticosteroids, programmed cell death protein (PD)-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibition, cytokine-adsorption devices, intravenous immunoglobulin, and antimalarial agents could be potentially useful and reliable approaches to counteract cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients. url: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01708 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01708 id: cord-277528-t0tglg0a author: Tay, Yi Xiang title: Clinical placements for undergraduate diagnostic radiography students amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore: Preparation, challenges and strategies for safe resumption date: 2020-08-18 words: 3253 sentences: 175 pages: flesch: 50 cache: ./cache/cord-277528-t0tglg0a.txt txt: ./txt/cord-277528-t0tglg0a.txt summary: title: Clinical placements for undergraduate diagnostic radiography students amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore: Preparation, challenges and strategies for safe resumption Coordinated preparation plans and strategies between the university and hospitals were needed to safely resume clinical placements within national and hospitals'' risk control measures against COVID-19 transmission. It is important to put into context how SIT and SGH prepared the students for the 57 challenges and designed strategies for safe resumption of clinical placements. This 80 communique was developed for all SIT Health and Social Science (HSS) students in 81 preparation for their clinical placement resumption and had all elements of risk control 82 measures for students'' compliance. SIT and SGH have collaborated in 304 many aspects of clinical placements, namely managing students'' well-being, meeting 305 learning outcomes and adhering to national and HCIs'' risk control measures through the use 306 abstract: Abstract Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the suspension of clinical training for undergraduate radiography students in Singapore. Coordinated preparation plans and strategies between the university and hospitals were needed to safely resume clinical placements within national and hospitals’ risk control measures against COVID-19 transmission. Methods Singapore Institute of Technology (SIT) and the Radiology Department of Singapore General Hospital (SGH) had collaborated to meet requirements for safe resumption of clinical placements. SIT prepared students by emphasising compliance to all risk measures, addressing concerns of risk transmission, meeting learning objectives, and reassessing infection control competencies. In tandem, SGH prepared an orientation program and used technology for open communication among faculty, clinical educators and students which included monitoring of well-being and rapid dissemination of updates. Of note, SGH reorganised operating procedures and physical spaces to meet national standards of safe physical distancing, restricted movement between treatment areas and teams, and rosters to remain committed to the supervision and education of students. Results Clinical placements resumed 3 months following suspension. Clinical educators faced the challenge of the need for balance between increasing clinical load and student supervision. A solution was frequent engagement and support by faculty, with educators and students via video conferencing platforms. Students’ well-being was frequently checked. There was less variation in cases which simulation training made up for some of the learning objectives. Conclusion Adaptation and commitment to continue active and quality clinical education while ensuring students' safety were vital during a pandemic. Clinical training within stringent precautionary measures may shape the era of the new norm. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1939865420302241?v=s5 doi: 10.1016/j.jmir.2020.08.012 id: cord-309080-1r8t8yxv author: Tay, Yi Xiang title: The needs and concerns of clinical educators in radiography education in the face of COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-19 words: 2532 sentences: 150 pages: flesch: 42 cache: ./cache/cord-309080-1r8t8yxv.txt txt: ./txt/cord-309080-1r8t8yxv.txt summary: Like nursing, midwifery and many allied health education programmes, clinical training is an important cornerstone of radiographer education -equipping students to safely and competently transit into complex healthcare environments 6, 7 . However, as all the overseas students were selffinanced, the potential of additional emotional and psychological challenges had to be considered 12 One of the ways of support for the clinical educators came in the form of encouragement from notes of appreciation and gifts from the public, and the hospital senior managements to all frontline heroes -showing how much their efforts were valued through these gestures of care and appreciation. Indeed, these characteristics of Generation Z students will certainly affect how clinical educators provide education in the COVID-19 pandemic. With the new ratio, clinical educators were able to provide the students with more guidance, frequent immediate feedback and encouragement to learn from their mistakes -meeting the Generation Z students'' learner perspectives [36] [37] . abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmir.2020.10.004 doi: 10.1016/j.jmir.2020.10.004 id: cord-340415-6fte7krp author: Thevarajan, Irani title: Clinical presentation and management of COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-17 words: 4287 sentences: 244 pages: flesch: 43 cache: ./cache/cord-340415-6fte7krp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340415-6fte7krp.txt summary: In the face of high health care demand during the peak of a pandemic, safe management of low risk patients in the community will likely be essential to preserve hospital capacity for the more severely ill. This position is endorsed by the Australasian Society for Infectious Diseases interim guidelines for the clinical management of COVID-19 in adults, 20 guidelines for the clinical care of people with COVID-19, 19 which state that even where conditional recommendations for use of disease modifying agents are made, whenever possible these should be administered in the context of randomised trials with appropriate ethical approval. 37, 38 However, given the current lack of evidence of clinical benefit and reports of significant limitations of supply of hydroxychloroquine for patients with rheumatological conditions, in March 2020, the Pharmaceutical Society of Australia and the Australasian Society for Infectious Diseases called for immediate cessation of prescribing and dispensing of hydroxychloroquine for indications relating to COVID-19, outside use in approved clinical trials. Specific antiviral therapy in the clinical management of acute respiratory infection with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). abstract: The rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 led to the declaration of a global pandemic within 3 months of its emergence. The majority of patients presenting with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) experience a mild illness that can usually be managed in the community. Patients require careful monitoring and early referral to hospital if any signs of clinical deterioration occur. Increased age and the presence of comorbidities are associated with more severe disease and poorer outcomes. Treatment for COVID‐19 is currently predominantly supportive care, focused on appropriate management of respiratory dysfunction. Clinical evidence is emerging for some specific therapies (including antiviral and immune‐modulating agents). Investigational therapies for COVID‐19 should be used in the context of approved randomised controlled trials. Australian clinicians need to be able to recognise, diagnose, manage and appropriately refer patients affected by COVID‐19, with thousands of cases likely to present over the coming years. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32677734/ doi: 10.5694/mja2.50698 id: cord-262784-r9gq2oan author: Tian, Suochen title: Clinical Characteristics and Reasons for Differences in Duration From Symptom Onset to Release From Quarantine Among Patients With COVID-19 in Liaocheng, China date: 2020-05-12 words: 3729 sentences: 183 pages: flesch: 49 cache: ./cache/cord-262784-r9gq2oan.txt txt: ./txt/cord-262784-r9gq2oan.txt summary: title: Clinical Characteristics and Reasons for Differences in Duration From Symptom Onset to Release From Quarantine Among Patients With COVID-19 in Liaocheng, China Methods: We analyzed retrospective data regarding general characteristics, epidemiologic history, underlying chronic diseases, clinical symptoms and complications, chest computed tomography findings, biochemical monitoring, disease severity, treatments, and outcomes among 37 adult patients with COVID-19. Patient diagnosis, release from quarantine, and disease severity among all cases were determined according to the "Protocol for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia" issued by the National Health Commission of the People''s Republic of China and the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (8, 9) . The present study retrospectively analyzed the general characteristics, epidemiological history, chronic underlying diseases, clinical symptoms, complications, chest computed tomography (CT) findings, biochemical features, disease severity, treatment plans, and outcomes of 37 patients. abstract: Objective: This study aimed to identify additional characteristics and features of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) by assessing the clinical courses among COVID-19 patients in a region outside Hubei province. Methods: We analyzed retrospective data regarding general characteristics, epidemiologic history, underlying chronic diseases, clinical symptoms and complications, chest computed tomography findings, biochemical monitoring, disease severity, treatments, and outcomes among 37 adult patients with COVID-19. According to the duration from symptom onset to release from quarantine, the patients were divided into the ≤20 and >20-day groups, and the similarities and differences between them were compared. Results: Among the 37 patients, five had mild disease, 30 had moderate disease, one had severe disease, and one was critically ill. All of the patients were released from quarantine, and no mortality was observed. The average duration from symptom onset to release from quarantine was 20.2 ± 6.6 days. The average duration from symptom onset to hospitalization was 4.1 ± 3.7 days, and the patients were hospitalized for an average of 16.1 ± 6.2 days. The average age was 44.3 ± 1.67 years, and 78.4% of cases were caused by exposure to a patient with confirmed disease or the workplace of a patient with confirmed disease. The main symptoms were cough (67.6%), fever (62.2%), shortness of breath (32.4%), fatigue (24.3%), sore throat (21.6%), vomiting, and diarrhea (21.6%). White blood cell count was decreased in 27.0% of patients, and lymphocyte count was decreased in 62.2% of the patients, among whom 43.5% patients had counts of ≤0.6 × 10(9)/L. On admission, 86.5% of patients showed pneumonia in chest CT scans, including some asymptomatic patients, while 68.8% of patients showed bilateral infiltration. In the >20-day group, the average age was 49.9 ± 1.38 years, and the average duration from symptom onset to hospitalization was 5.5 ± 3.9 days. Compared with the ≤20-day group, patients in the >20-day group were older and the duration was longer (P < 0.05). All of the seven asymptomatic patients belonged to the ≤20-day group. When the 37 patients were released from quarantine, the white blood cell count of 16.2% of the patients was <4.0 × 10(9)/L, the lymphocyte count of 59.5% of the patients was <1.1 × 10(9)/L, and the absolute counts of white blood cells and lymphocytes were 5.02 ± 1.34 × 10(9)/L and 1.03 ± 0.34 × 10(9)/L, respectively, compared with those recorded on admission (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The majority of COVID-19 cases in the study area were mild and moderate, with good clinical outcomes. There were some special characteristics in the clinical course. The reasons for differences in the duration from symptom onset to release from quarantine were complex. There was no significant change in the number of granulocytes at the time of release from quarantine compared to that at the time of admission. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32574322/ doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00210 id: cord-274802-7ioiwsd8 author: Varghese, Praveen Mathews title: Host-pathogen interaction in COVID-19: Pathogenesis, potential therapeutics and vaccination strategies date: 2020-08-19 words: 19657 sentences: 1033 pages: flesch: 42 cache: ./cache/cord-274802-7ioiwsd8.txt txt: ./txt/cord-274802-7ioiwsd8.txt summary: Proteomic and transcriptomic studies on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples from COVID-19 patients have also revealed considerable insights into the expression of SARS-CoV-2 receptors, co-receptors, immune responses, as well as risk factors for severe disease e.g. age and co-morbidities. Furthermore, treatment with a recombinant C5a antibody on 2 male COVID-19 patients aged 54 and 67 years showed significant benefit in suppressing complement hyperactivation, which contributes to the excessive immune response causing aggravated inflammatory lung injury, a hallmark of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and lethality (242) . Consistent with endothelial injury, the significantly elevated levels of von Willebrand factor found in the patient with severe COVID-19 has led to the idea that the infection of the ACE2 expressing endothelium by SARS-CoV-2 induces injury and activates the complement , which sets up a feedback loop that maintains a state of inflammation (243, (268) (269) (270) . Initial clinical studies in China involving 100 SARS-CoV-2 infected patients, who were treated with Chloroquine, showed amelioration of pneumonia, shortened disease progression, increased resolution of lung lesions on CT, and a better virus-negative conversion (313, 314) . abstract: Abstract The current coronavirus pandemic, COVID-19, is the third outbreak of disease caused by the coronavirus family, after Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome. It is an acute infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Virus (SARS-CoV-2). The severe disease is characterised by acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, metabolic acidosis, coagulation dysfunction, and multiple organ dysfunction syndromes. Currently, no drugs or vaccine exist against the disease and the only course of treatment is symptom management involving mechanical ventilation, immune suppressants, and repurposed drugs. As such the severe form of the disease has a relatively high mortality rate. Last 6 months have seen an explosion of information related to the host receptors, virus transmission, virus structure-function relationships, pathophysiology, co-morbidities, immune response, treatment and most promising vaccines. This review takes a critically comprehensive look at various aspects of host-pathogen interaction in COVID-19. We examine genomic aspects of SARS-CoV-2, modulation of innate and adaptive immunity, complement-triggered microangiopathy, and host transmission modalities. We also examine its pathophysiological impact during pregnancy, in addition to various gaps in our knowledge. The lessons learnt from various clinical trials involving repurposed drugs have been summarised. We also highlight the rationale and likely success of the most promising vaccine candidates. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33130519/ doi: 10.1016/j.imbio.2020.152008 id: cord-263936-8yud5o6c author: Wang, Gary X. title: Opportunities for Radiology Trainee Education Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons from an Academic Breast Imaging Program date: 2020-10-03 words: 2814 sentences: 131 pages: flesch: 32 cache: ./cache/cord-263936-8yud5o6c.txt txt: ./txt/cord-263936-8yud5o6c.txt summary: While reduced clinical imaging volume and mandates to maintain physical distancing presented new challenges to traditional medical education during this period, new opportunities developed to support our division in providing high-quality training for residents and fellows. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Core Competencies for Diagnostic Radiology helped guide division leadership in restructuring and reframing breast imaging education during this time of drastic change and persistent uncertainty. Here, we reflect on the educational challenges and opportunities faced by our academic breast imaging division during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic across each of the ACGME Core Competencies. Prior to the pandemic, all fellows participated in daily team huddles held in the diagnostic imaging clinic at 8:00 AM, which were attended in-person by all in-house personnel that day including assistants, technologists, and practice managers. abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic required restructuring of Radiology trainee education across US institutions. While reduced clinical imaging volume and mandates to maintain physical distancing presented new challenges to traditional medical education during this period, new opportunities developed to support our division in providing high-quality training for residents and fellows. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Core Competencies for Diagnostic Radiology helped guide division leadership in restructuring and reframing breast imaging education during this time of drastic change and persistent uncertainty. Here, we reflect on the educational challenges and opportunities faced by our academic breast imaging division during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic across each of the ACGME Core Competencies. We also discuss how systems and processes developed out of necessity during the first peak of the pandemic may continue to support radiology training during phased reopening and beyond. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33036896/ doi: 10.1016/j.acra.2020.09.009 id: cord-282298-8tcw3cll author: Wang, Jie title: Current Situation and Perspectives of Clinical Study in Integrative Medicine in China date: 2012-02-21 words: 8024 sentences: 349 pages: flesch: 36 cache: ./cache/cord-282298-8tcw3cll.txt txt: ./txt/cord-282298-8tcw3cll.txt summary: The clinical achievements mainly include the following three: innovating methodology of disease-syndrome combination, excavating the classical theory in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), preventing and curing refractory diseases. The development ideas and strategies of integrative medicine for future mainly include (a) standing on frontier field of international medicine and improving the capability of preventing and curing refractory diseases; (b) moving prevention and control strategy forward and improving the curative effect of common and frequent disease; (c) excavating the classical theory of TCM and broadening the treatment system of modern medicine; (d) improving the innovation level of new high effective drugs on the basis of classical prescriptions and herbs in TCM; (e) rerecognizing the theory of formula corresponding to syndrome in TCM and enhancing the level of clinical research evidence based on evidence-based medicine. abstract: Integrative medicine is not only an innovative China model in clinical practice, but also the bridge for TCM toward the world. In the past thirty years, great achievements have been made in integrative medicine researches, especially in clinical practice. The clinical achievements mainly include the following three: innovating methodology of disease-syndrome combination, excavating the classical theory in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), preventing and curing refractory diseases. The development ideas and strategies of integrative medicine for future mainly include (a) standing on frontier field of international medicine and improving the capability of preventing and curing refractory diseases; (b) moving prevention and control strategy forward and improving the curative effect of common and frequent disease; (c) excavating the classical theory of TCM and broadening the treatment system of modern medicine; (d) improving the innovation level of new high effective drugs on the basis of classical prescriptions and herbs in TCM; (e) rerecognizing the theory of formula corresponding to syndrome in TCM and enhancing the level of clinical research evidence based on evidence-based medicine. Integrative medicine will do obtain greater achievements in creating new medicine and pharmacology and make more tremendous contributions for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and human health care. url: https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/268542 doi: 10.1155/2012/268542 id: cord-299082-s8bm40vy author: Wang, Yueying title: Cardiac arrhythmias in patients with COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-26 words: 3714 sentences: 247 pages: flesch: 40 cache: ./cache/cord-299082-s8bm40vy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-299082-s8bm40vy.txt summary: 5, 6, 9, 10, [12] [13] [14] [15] Several investigators have reported cardiac function and structural abnormalities in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, including acute heart failure (HF), 3,10,16 takotsubo syndrome, 17 ,18 viral myocarditis, 19 and acute myocardial infarction. In addition to exacerbating the previous cardiomyopathy and conduction disorders, inducing arrhythmia events, SARS-CoV-2 may also induce electrophysiological abnormalities in patients with no previous history of heart disease under a variety of mechanisms. Clinical features and mechanism of heart injury in patients suffered from severe acute respiratory syndrome. Effect of high vs low doses of chloroquine diphosphate as adjunctive therapy for patients hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection: a randomized clinical trial Risk of QT interval prolongation associated with use of hydroxychloroquine with or without concomitant azithromycin among hospitalized patients testing positive for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) abstract: The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has become a major global public health concern. Although SARS‐CoV‐2 causes primarily respiratory problems, concurrent cardiac injury cannot be ignored since it may be an independent predictor for adverse outcomes. Cardiac arrhythmias are often observed in patients with COVID‐19, especially in severe cases, and more likely contribute to the high risk of adverse outcomes. Arrhythmias should be regarded as one of the main complications of COVID‐19. Mechanistically, a number of ion channels can be adversely affected in COVID‐19, leading to alterations in cardiac conduction and/or repolarization properties, as well as calcium handling, which can predispose to cardiac arrhythmogenesis. In addition, several antimicrobials that are currently used as potential therapeutic agents for COVID‐19, such as chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin, have uncertain benefit, and yet may induce electrocardiographic QT prolongation with potential ventricular pro‐arrhythmic effects. Continuous electrocardiogram monitoring, accurate and prompt recognition of arrhythmias are important. The present review focuses on cardiac arrhythmias in patients with COVID‐19, its underlying mechanisms, and proposed preventive and therapeutic strategies. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33024460/ doi: 10.1002/joa3.12405 id: cord-310150-j1mvr9r9 author: Wei, Wei title: Identification of common and severe COVID-19: the value of CT texture analysis and correlation with clinical characteristics date: 2020-07-01 words: 3102 sentences: 225 pages: flesch: 53 cache: ./cache/cord-310150-j1mvr9r9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-310150-j1mvr9r9.txt summary: title: Identification of common and severe COVID-19: the value of CT texture analysis and correlation with clinical characteristics These features were then used to construct a radiomics texture model to discriminate the severe patients using multivariate logistic regression method. (4) The Spearman correlation analysis showed that most textural and clinical features had above-moderate correlations with disease severity (> 0.4). Both the clinical model and radiomics signature showed good performance in discriminating patients with common and severe COVID-19. Both the clinical and radiomics models showed good stability, indicating that the texture analysis was valuable for discriminating common and severe COVID-19 patients, and that the results were not due to overfitting. The strong correlation was found between inflammatory score and partial wavelet transform features and region size matrix GLSZM features (> 0.7), indicating that these image features are closely related to disease severity and can be used for clinical type classification of the COVID-19 patients. abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the value of CT texture analysis (CTTA) for determining coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity. METHODS: The clinical and CT data of 81 patients with COVID-19 were retrospectively analyzed. The texture features were extracted using LK2.1. The two-sample t test or Mann–Whitney U test was used to find the significant features. Minimum redundancy and maximum relevance (MRMR) method was performed to find the features with maximum correlation and minimum redundancy. These features were then used to construct a radiomics texture model to discriminate the severe patients using multivariate logistic regression method. Besides, a clinical model was also built. ROC analyses were conducted to evaluate the performance of two models. The correlations of clinical features and textural features were analyzed using the Spearman correlation analysis. RESULTS: Of the total cases included, 60 were common and 21 were severe. (1) For textural features, 20 radiomics features selected by MRMR showed good performance in discriminating the two groups (AUC > 70%). (2) For clinical features, chi-square tests or Mann–Whitney U tests identified 16 clinical features as significant, and 12 were discriminative (p < 0.05) between two groups analyzed by univariate logistic analysis. Of these, 10 had an AUC > 70%. (3) Prediction models for textural features and clinical features were established, and both showed high predictive accuracy. The AUC values of textural features and clinical features were 0.93 (0.86–1.00) and 0.95 (0.95–0.99), respectively. (4) The Spearman correlation analysis showed that most textural and clinical features had above-moderate correlations with disease severity (> 0.4). CONCLUSION: Texture analysis can provide reliable and objective information for differential diagnosis of COVID-19. KEY POINTS: • CT texture analysis can well differentiate common and severe COVID-19 patients. • Some textural features showed above-moderate correlations with clinical factors. • CT texture analysis can provide useful information to judge the severity of COVID-19. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00330-020-07012-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32613287/ doi: 10.1007/s00330-020-07012-3 id: cord-258281-gxwk8jq9 author: Wenling, Yao title: Pregnancy and COVID-19: management and challenges date: 2020-08-31 words: 5015 sentences: 263 pages: flesch: 46 cache: ./cache/cord-258281-gxwk8jq9.txt txt: ./txt/cord-258281-gxwk8jq9.txt summary: Based on recently published literature and official documents, this review provides an introduction to the pathogenesis, pathology, and clinical features of COVID-19 and has focused on the current researches on clinical features, pregnancy outcomes and placental histopathological analysis from pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 in comparison with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Although there is no unequivocal evidence to support the fetal infection by intrauterine vertical transmission of SARS, MERS and SARS-CoV-2 so far, more and more articles began to report maternal deaths due to COVID-19. There were no cases of vertical transmission identified among pregnant women infected with SARS 44-49 so far, but SARS during pregnancy is associated with high incidences of spontaneous miscarriage, preterm delivery, intrauterine growth restriction, endotracheal intubation and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit [44] [45] [46] . This is a review on pregnant women infected by SARS-CoV-2, SARS, and MERS, including their pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and pregnancy outcomes. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection during pregnancy: report of two cases & review of the literature abstract: The consequences of COVID-19 infecting pregnant women and the potential risks of vertical transmission have become a major issue. Since little is currently known about COVID-19 in pregnancy, the understanding of COVID-19 in this particular group will be updated in time, and a comprehensive review will be useful to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 in pregnancy. Based on recently published literature and official documents, this review provides an introduction to the pathogenesis, pathology, and clinical features of COVID-19 and has focused on the current researches on clinical features, pregnancy outcomes and placental histopathological analysis from pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 in comparison with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. These viruses trigger a cytokine storm in the body, produce a series of immune responses, and cause changes in peripheral leukocytes and immune system cells leading to pregnancy complications that may be associated with viral infections. The expression of ACE2 receptors in the vascular endothelium may explain the histological changes of placentas from pregnant women infected by SARS-CoV-2. Pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia show similar clinical characteristics compared with non-pregnant counterparts. Although there is no unequivocal evidence to support the fetal infection by intrauterine vertical transmission of SARS, MERS and SARS-CoV-2 so far, more and more articles began to report maternal deaths due to COVID-19. In particular, from February 26, 2020 (date of the first COVID-19 case reported in Brazil) until June 18, 2020, Brazil reported 124 maternal deaths. Therefore, pregnant women and neonates require special attention regarding the prevention, diagnosis and management of COVID-19. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32876296/ doi: 10.1590/s1678-9946202062062 id: cord-023528-z9rc0ubj author: Wilkins, Pamela A. title: Disorders of Foals date: 2009-05-18 words: 42569 sentences: 2235 pages: flesch: 44 cache: ./cache/cord-023528-z9rc0ubj.txt txt: ./txt/cord-023528-z9rc0ubj.txt summary: First, restriction of the thorax or the abdomen can result in impaired ventilation, which can occur easily when one restrains a foal and may result in spuriously abnormal arterial blood gas values (see the discussion on arterial blood gas evaluation, Respiratory Diseases Associated with Hypoxemia in the Neonate). Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), currently referred to as neonatal encephalopathy in the human literature, is one systemic manifestation of a broader syndrome of perinatal asphyxia syndrome (PAS), and management of foals with signs consistent with a diagnosis of HIE requires the clinician to examine other body systems fully and to provide therapy directed at treating other involved systems. Therapy for the various manifestations of hypoxiaischemia involves control of seizures, general cerebral support, correction of metabolic abnormalities, maintenance of normal arterial blood gas values, maintenance of tissue perfusion, maintenance of renal function, treatment of gastrointestinal dysfunction, prevention and recognition and early treatment of secondary infections, and general supportive care. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7171908/ doi: 10.1016/b0-72-169777-1/50021-4 id: cord-341801-n11ilz6l author: Wintraub, Lauren title: Wearable technology and live video conferencing: The development of an affordable virtual teaching platform to enhance clinical skills education during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-09-23 words: 1175 sentences: 68 pages: flesch: 45 cache: ./cache/cord-341801-n11ilz6l.txt txt: ./txt/cord-341801-n11ilz6l.txt summary: title: Wearable technology and live video conferencing: The development of an affordable virtual teaching platform to enhance clinical skills education during the COVID-19 pandemic As a result, the University of Toronto''s medical school has pivoted to teaching clinical skills using online modules and pre-recorded e122 videos of physicians taking patient histories and performing physical examinations. In this commentary, we identify an affordable and user-friendly device-accessory pairing compatible with live VC technology that can be adapted for use throughout medical or other healthcare education programs. Tutors who already own smartphones can easily couple them with institution-provided chest straps and Zoom © accounts to resume group teaching of clinical skills. We have demonstrated that the use of a chestmounted smartphone with Zoom © VC technology is an interactive, accessible, cost-effective, and feasible e124 adaptation for virtual clinical skills teaching in real time. Limitations in virtual clinical skills education for medical students during COVID-19 abstract: nan url: https://doi.org/10.36834/cmej.70554 doi: 10.36834/cmej.70554 id: cord-298899-lkrmg5qr author: Xie, Yewei title: Epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory findings of the COVID-19 in the current pandemic: systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-08-31 words: 6242 sentences: 368 pages: flesch: 53 cache: ./cache/cord-298899-lkrmg5qr.txt txt: ./txt/cord-298899-lkrmg5qr.txt summary: To fill the research gaps mentioned above, this review article systematically summarizes global findings on the natural history, clinical spectrum, transmission patterns, laboratory findings, CT results, and risk factors of the COVID-19. Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult in patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study Clinical course and potential predicting factors of pneumonia of adult patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a retrospective observational analysis of 193 confirmed cases in Thailand Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan Epidemiology, risk factors and clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients in a Swiss university hospital: an observational retrospective study abstract: BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the world deeply, with more than 14,000,000 people infected and nearly 600,000 deaths. This review aimed to summarize the epidemiologic traits, clinical spectrum, CT results and laboratory findings of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: We scoped for relevant literatures published during 1st December 2019 to 16th July 2020 based on three databases using English and Chinese languages. We reviewed and analyzed the relevant outcomes. RESULTS: The COVID-19 pandemic was found to have a higher transmission rate compared to SARS and MERS and involved 4 stages of evolution. The basic reproduction number (R(0)) is 3.32 (95% CI:3.24–3.39), the incubation period was 5.24 days (95% CI:3.97–6.50, 5 studies) on average, and the average time for symptoms onset varied by countries. Common clinical spectrums identified included fever (38.1–39.0 °C), cough and fatigue, with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) being the most common complication reported. Body temperatures above 39.0 °C, dyspnea, and anorexia were more common symptoms in severe patients. Aged over 65 years old, having co-morbidities, and developing complications were the commonest high-risk factors associated with severe conditions. Leucopenia and lymphopenia were the most common signs of infection while liver and kidney damage were rare but may cause bad outcomes for patients. The bilateral, multifocal Ground-Glass Opacification (GGO) on peripheral, and the consolidative pulmonary opacity were the most frequent CT results and the tendency of mortality rates differed by region. CONCLUSIONS: We provided a bird’s-eye view of the COVID-19 during the current pandemic, which will help better understanding the key traits of the disease. The findings could be used for disease’s future research, control and prevention. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32867706/ doi: 10.1186/s12879-020-05371-2 id: cord-260993-udajtsmm author: Youssef, Mohanad title: COVID‐19 and Liver Dysfunction: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of retrospective studies date: 2020-05-23 words: 2056 sentences: 148 pages: flesch: 49 cache: ./cache/cord-260993-udajtsmm.txt txt: ./txt/cord-260993-udajtsmm.txt summary: Meta-regression analysis was employed using OpenMeta Analyst software, taking into consideration the following study characteristics; sample size, mean age of patients, percentage of males, city of the hospital, publication date, and quality score. We applied TSA on mortality rate available among all eligible articles of COVID-19 patients with a mild and severe exhibition and indicated that the cumulative Z-curve transverses the monitoring boundaries before reaching the required sample size and achieving considerable significant and so no further studies are necessary (Figure 2 ). Our meta-analysis including 3428 subjects from 20 retrospective studies explored the potential relationship between liver injury and the severity of COVID-19 disease. 32 A recent study reported that the liver injury observed in COVID-19 patients might be caused by lopinavir, which is used as an antiviral for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this meta-analysis, we comprehensively analyzed liver dysfunction in accordance with the severity of clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients. abstract: BACKGROUND: Recently, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic is the most significant global health crisis. In this study, we conducted a meta‐analysis to find the association between liver injuries and the severity of COVID‐19 disease. METHODS: Online databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Science direct, were searched to detect relevant publications up to April 16, 2020. Depending on the heterogeneity between studies, a fixed‐ or random‐effects model was applied to pool data. Publication bias Egger's test was also performed. RESULTS: Meta‐analysis of 20 retrospective studies (3428 patients), identified that patients with a severe manifestation of COVID‐19 exhibited significantly higher levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and bilirubin values with prolonged prothrombin time. Furthermore, lower albumin level was associated with a severe presentation of COVID‐19. CONCLUSION: Liver dysfunction was associated with a severe outcome of COVID‐19 disease. Close monitoring of the occurrence of liver dysfunction is beneficial in early warning of unfavorable outcomes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32445489/ doi: 10.1002/jmv.26055 id: cord-340028-6oicmeam author: Zhavoronkov, Alex title: Geroprotective and senoremediative strategies to reduce the comorbidity, infection rates, severity, and lethality in gerophilic and gerolavic infections date: 2020-03-31 words: 7228 sentences: 366 pages: flesch: 36 cache: ./cache/cord-340028-6oicmeam.txt txt: ./txt/cord-340028-6oicmeam.txt summary: Here we compare the expected benefit of treatments for elderly populations (60 years and older) that are currently in development, including standard preventative strategies such as vaccines and antivirals targeting SARS-CoV-2, and the potential added benefit of speculative geroprotective strategies such as rapalogs, NAD+ boosters, senolytics, and stem cell treatment. People >60 years of age with chronic medical conditions, such as type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease, direct immunosuppression from HIV, posttransplant or biologic treatment, pregnant individuals, or those with BMI>40, are believed to be at higher risk for influenza infection due to a weakened immune response [31] . As discussed in this paper, small clinical studies have shown that several geroprotective and senoremediative interventions, such as treatment with AGING sirolimus and rapalogs, can induce immunopotentiation, increase resistance to infection, and reduce disease severity in the elderly, without severe side effects. abstract: The recently identified SARS-CoV-2 betacoronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic has uncovered the age-associated vulnerability in the burden of disease and put aging research in the spotlight. The limited data available indicates that COVID-19 should be referred to as a gerolavic (from Greek, géros “old man” and epilavís, “harmful”) infection because the infection rates, severity, and lethality are substantially higher in the population aged 60 and older. This is primarily due to comorbidity but may be partially due to immunosenescence, decreased immune function in the elderly, and general loss of function, fitness, and increased frailty associated with aging. Immunosenescence is a major factor affecting vaccination response, as well as the severity and lethality of infectious diseases. While vaccination reduces infection rates, and therapeutic interventions reduce the severity and lethality of infections, these interventions have limitations. Previous studies showed that postulated geroprotectors, such as sirolimus (rapamycin) and its close derivative rapalog everolimus (RAD001), decreased infection rates in a small sample of elderly patients. This article presents a review of the limited literature available on geroprotective and senoremediative interventions that may be investigated to decrease the disease burden of gerolavic infections. This article also highlights a need for rigorous clinical validation of deep aging clocks as surrogate markers of biological age. These could be used to assess the need for, and efficacy of, geroprotective and senoremediative interventions and provide better protection for elderly populations from gerolavic infections. This article does not represent medical advice and the medications described are not yet licensed or recommended as immune system boosters, as they have not undergone clinical evaluation for this purpose. url: https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.102988 doi: 10.18632/aging.102988 id: cord-003878-nmyyt51x author: de Campos, Fernando Peixoto Ferraz title: What does the future hold? date: 2012-03-30 words: 1347 sentences: 91 pages: flesch: 57 cache: ./cache/cord-003878-nmyyt51x.txt txt: ./txt/cord-003878-nmyyt51x.txt summary: The discovery of these discrepancies in the autopsy room is a powerful tool for identifying faults in medical practice and shows the need for clinical audits. Their reasons vary from distaste for the procedure to a belief that the accuracy of modern investigative techniques avoids the need of autopsy in elucidating nothing extra to the clinical picture. Their increasing clinical confidence in the ante-mortem diagnoses supplants their need to request autopsies. Paradoxically, community doctors generally show that they appreciate receiving autopsy reports and that, in a high proportion of cases, the findings are unexpected and could influence their future clinical practice. If clinical autopsy rates continue to decline, the future practice of medicine will be blind to many adverse consequences of clinical actions and omissions. We advocate close communication between pathologists and clinicians in the context of the results of autopsy findings. Post-mortem imaging as an alternative to autopsy in the diagnosis of adult deaths: validation study Death of the teaching autopsy abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6735637/ doi: 10.4322/acr.2012.001 id: cord-000843-e1bn79ui author: nan title: ECR 2011 Book of Abstracts - A - Postgraduate Educational Programme date: 2011-03-01 words: 91224 sentences: 4805 pages: flesch: 41 cache: ./cache/cord-000843-e1bn79ui.txt txt: ./txt/cord-000843-e1bn79ui.txt summary: The role of radiology includes (a) characterisation of sonographically indeterminate adnexal masses, (b) staging as guidance for surgery and treatment planning (including identification of sites of non optimal resectabilty) in suspected ovarian cancer, (c) assessment of recurrent disease, and (d) in selected cases image-guided biopsy. The association of multiple markers of structural and functional imaging (MRI and PET) and the use of advanced computational analysis techniques will allow better management of AD but it needs a broader validation and know the most efficient combination of biomarkers at each stage of the disease, including the preclinical period. Although the basic techniques for DCE-CT have been available for decades, more recently a range of technological advances have contributed to the greater applicability of perfusion CT in the clinical environment including wider CT detectors, shorter gantry rotation times, ''table-toggling'', radiation dose reduction and software corrections for image mis-registration due to respiratory or other patient motion. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3533621/ doi: 10.1007/s13244-011-0078-3 id: cord-001221-due9tloa author: nan title: ECR 2014, Part A date: 2014-02-27 words: 107848 sentences: 5493 pages: flesch: 40 cache: ./cache/cord-001221-due9tloa.txt txt: ./txt/cord-001221-due9tloa.txt summary: In short: obtaining samples for making an accurate diagnosis and also to know more about its specific biology (biomarkers); IR covers any possibility needed for vascular access; percutaneous needle ablation is the best alternative in selected patients; endovascular embolisation with "vehiculisation" of therapies is an outstanding method for selective treatment, and sometimes precise ablation, of different tumors; IR is a unique way to offer palliation in a wide range of tumoral complications, such as embolisation for bleeding, stenting for vein obstructions or drainage of fluid collections. CT may be useful for osteoid osteoma and MRI is the best imaging technique for further diagnosis and staging by displaying tumour composition and extent of bone marrow involvement, including skip lesions, presence and extent of extraosseous soft tissue mass, and involvement of neurovascular bundle, muscle compartments and adjacent joint. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3948175/ doi: 10.1007/s13244-014-0316-6 id: cord-009664-kb9fnbgy author: nan title: Oral presentations date: 2014-12-24 words: 71112 sentences: 3948 pages: flesch: 47 cache: ./cache/cord-009664-kb9fnbgy.txt txt: ./txt/cord-009664-kb9fnbgy.txt summary: Because of the conflicting reports and lack of published data from paediatric patients, we sought to assess possible MIC change over time and to compare results generated by using different methodologies including Etest, agar dilution, and broth microdilution (MicroScan) methods. Recently, in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that NO plays a key role in the eradication of the leishmania parasite Objective: To determine whether a NO donor patch (developed by electrospinning technique) is as effective as meglumine antimoniate in the treatment of CL while causing less adverse events Methods: A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted with 178 patients diagnosed with CL in Santander, Colombia, South-America. To follow the development and spread of the resistance among these strains is difficult, as antibiotic susceptibility testing of clinically relevant anaerobes in different routine laboratories in Europe is less and less frequently carried out due to the fact, that clinicians treat many presumed anaerobic infections empirically. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7162236/ doi: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02857.x id: cord-010980-sizuef1v author: nan title: ECTES Abstracts 2020 date: 2020-05-11 words: 132644 sentences: 8727 pages: flesch: 53 cache: ./cache/cord-010980-sizuef1v.txt txt: ./txt/cord-010980-sizuef1v.txt summary: We hypothesized that presentation to a PTC would yield increased mortality when subspecialty intervention was required and that this would be most pronounced at night when in-house attending coverage is absent at all state PTCs. Materials and methods: A review of the Pennsylvania Trauma Outcome Study (PTOS) database was performed to capture patients aged 12-18 who underwent any non-orthopedic trauma surgery. Traumatic subaxial cervical fractures: functional prognostic factors and survival analysis Introduction: The main goal of this study is to identify the risk factors for poor functional outcomes and to analyze the overall survival (OS) and complications rate in patients with traumatic cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) and subaxial cervical fracture (SACF) treated with open surgical fixation. After applying a multiple imputation on all the study variables, a logistic regression generalized estimating equation after adjustment for age, sex, mechanism of trauma, and the injury severity score as covariates and hospitals as a cluster assessed an association between quartile of patient volume in intensive care unit and hospital mortality. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7223217/ doi: 10.1007/s00068-020-01343-y id: cord-014687-0am4l5ms author: nan title: SPR 2012 date: 2012-03-29 words: 98592 sentences: 5600 pages: flesch: 43 cache: ./cache/cord-014687-0am4l5ms.txt txt: ./txt/cord-014687-0am4l5ms.txt summary: This presentation will focus on recent developments that have lead to a better understanding of the embryopathogenesis for fibropolycystic liver diseases (including choledochal cysts and Caroli disease), histopathological findings that have led to new classification systems for of pediatric vascular anomalies, technological advances and contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging that are useful to characterize and limit the differential diagnosis of hepatic masses. Disclosure: Dr. Annapragada has indicated that he is a stock holder and consultant for Marval Biosciences Inc. Paper #: PA-067 Cardiovascular Image Quality Using a Nanoparticle CT Contrast Agent: Preliminary Studies in a Pig Model Rajesh Krishnamurthy, Radiology, Texas Children''s Hospital, rxkrishn@texaschildrens.org; Ketan Ghaghada, Prakash Masand, Abhay Divekar, Eric Hoffman, Ananth Annapragada Purpose or Case Report: Image quality in a separate study using a long circulating, liposomal-based nanoscale blood pool iodinated contrast agent (NCTX) suggests clinical utility in pediatrics, potentially reducing difficulties in contrast-CT of children with congenital heart disease (CHD) including the size of intravenous cannula, need for accurate timing, inability to simultaneously opacify multiple targets of interest (requiring repeated contrast administration and/or repeated imaging). abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7080092/ doi: 10.1007/s00247-012-2356-8 id: cord-015334-8p124rwp author: nan title: ESCP 36th European Symposium on Clinical Pharmacy ‘Implementing Clinical Pharmacy in Community and Hospital Settings: Sharing the Experience’, Istanbul, Turkey 25–27 October 2007; Abstracts date: 2008-06-11 words: 51143 sentences: 3291 pages: flesch: 51 cache: ./cache/cord-015334-8p124rwp.txt txt: ./txt/cord-015334-8p124rwp.txt summary: Based on the results of the pharmacoeconomic analysis, development of clinical pharmacy and CIVAS for some drugs will be discussed with the paediatric department Background and Objective: Studies show that up to 38% of patients starting treatment with antidepressants fill only a single prescription at the pharmacy, apparently not accepting treatment. Main Outcome Measures: Data collected were: nurses'' profile (age, length of service, competencies'' self-assessment), knowledge on drugs prescribed to their patients (usage, administration, side-effects, drug interactions…), use of existing tools (i.e. drugs database) and possible tools to be developed by the pharmacy ward to help them in their daily practice. The objectives were:(1)To identify the most relevant minor ailments, agreeing on the specific criteria for referral to the GP.(2)To select the non-prescription drugs, with evidence of safety and effectiveness, for the treatment of the identified minor ailments Design: Qualitative study with an expert panel which was made up of 2 primary care physician from SEMFYC and six community pharmacists (two members of SEFAC and four members of GIAF-UGR). abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7102062/ doi: 10.1007/s11096-008-9226-3 id: cord-022555-a7ie82fs author: nan title: Digestive System, Liver, and Abdominal Cavity date: 2011-12-05 words: 66452 sentences: 3846 pages: flesch: 48 cache: ./cache/cord-022555-a7ie82fs.txt txt: ./txt/cord-022555-a7ie82fs.txt summary: One study found that, of cats investigated for gastrointestinal disease, 9 of 33 cats (27%) had no pathology recognized proximal to the jejunum (i.e., the effective length of diagnostic endoscopes would have precluded diagnosis), and other organs were affected in 9 of 10 cats with inflammatory bowel diseases and 7 of 8 cats with intestinal small cell lymphoma. 60, 64 Quantification of serum cobalamin levels is recommended in cats with clinical signs of small bowel diarrhea, ones suspected to have an infiltrative disease of the small intestine (inflammatory bowel disease or gastrointestinal lymphoma), or ones with pancreatic dysfunction. Survey radiographs may be normal in cats with esophagitis and strictures, but are useful to rule out other causes for the clinical signs, such as a foreign body, or to detect related problems, such as aspiration pneumonia. 8, 29 Other non-neoplastic causes reported for gastric or gastroduodenal ulceration in cats include parasites (e.g., Ollulanus tricuspis, Toxocara cati, Aonchotheca putorii, Gnathostoma spp.), bacterial infections, toxins, inflammatory bowel disease, and foreign bodies. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7158306/ doi: 10.1016/b978-1-4377-0660-4.00023-5 id: cord-022754-ehq9qnoo author: nan title: Liver date: 2012-07-25 words: 87886 sentences: 5297 pages: flesch: 39 cache: ./cache/cord-022754-ehq9qnoo.txt txt: ./txt/cord-022754-ehq9qnoo.txt summary: Conversely, in cases of chronic end-stage liver disease, such as cirrhosis, serum hepatic enzyme activities may not be markedly increased, or may even be within the reference interval as a result of the replacement of hepatocytes with fibrous tissue. World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA) Standards for the Clinical and Histological Diagnosis of Canine and Feline Liver Disease suggest that the cytologic evaluation of bile forms part of the minimum diagnostic requirement for cats with extrahepatic cholestasis and for dogs guidance. 32 Hyperglobulinemia can be seen in dogs with cirrhosis, but it remains to be determined whether this corresponds with increased autoantibodies as occurs in humans with autoimmune hepatitis, or whether it reflects nonspecific systemic antibody production in response to antigens from the portal blood which bypass the liver through acquired PSSs. 83 Mild nonregenerative anemia may be a reflection of chronic disease. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7161409/ doi: 10.1016/b978-1-4160-3661-6.00061-4 id: cord-029332-yn603pvb author: nan title: Full Issue PDF date: 2020-07-15 words: 11306 sentences: 633 pages: flesch: 41 cache: ./cache/cord-029332-yn603pvb.txt txt: ./txt/cord-029332-yn603pvb.txt summary: Included are cases of Brugada type I pattern positivization (1) in the context of fever, one of the most common presenting symptoms of the disease (2); electrical ventricular storm (3); transient atrioventricular block in the absence of myocarditis (4); sinus node dysfunction requiring pacemaker implantation (5) ; and finally a provocative report on the use of amiodarone as a possible treatment for COVID-19 (6) . In addition to cases of direct myocardial injury, some with pathological evidence, we also present 2 cases of takotsubo cardiomyopathy (16, 17) Two cases highlight the special circumstances faced by patients with left ventricular assist devices (18, 19) , which include the inability to tolerate prone positioning to augment respiratory support because of the mechanical equipment and the hypothesis that mechanical circulatory support may provide a type of protection against the most serious hemodynamic consequences of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7363418/ doi: 10.1016/s2666-0849(20)30838-x id: cord-034340-3ksfpaf7 author: nan title: Proceedings of the 26th European Paediatric Rheumatology Congress: part 2: Virtual. 23 - 26 September 2020 date: 2020-10-28 words: 35088 sentences: 2148 pages: flesch: 49 cache: ./cache/cord-034340-3ksfpaf7.txt txt: ./txt/cord-034340-3ksfpaf7.txt summary: Objectives: The current study was undertaken to evaluate sociodemographic and sociocultural features, parent behavior, the gestation and breastfeeding period, nutritional status of early childhood in our patients with JIA, and to determine their relationship with disease activity, damage index, remission time, and relapse rate. Methods: In the present study were included data 170 JIA(55 boys and 115 girls)aged from 2 to 17 years,who received scheduled vaccination before the age of 2 years and before JIA onset against measles,parotitis,diphtheria and rubella.Incomplete vaccination means the reduced number of vaccine to age.In all patients the Ig G anti-vaccine antibodies levels were detected with ELISA.JIA categories were:oligoarthritis -73,polyarthritis -61,systemic-16 and enthesitisrelated arthritis-20.Data presented with median and 25%>75% Results: Incomplete vaccination against MMR was in 50 (42%)diphtheria in 85 (50%) of the JIA patients. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7592179/ doi: 10.1186/s12969-020-00470-5 id: cord-350571-6tapkjb6 author: nan title: 45th ESCP-NSF international symposium on clinical pharmacy: clinical pharmacy tackling inequalities and access to health care. Oslo, Norway, 5–7 October 2016 date: 2017-01-10 words: 106013 sentences: 6203 pages: flesch: 48 cache: ./cache/cord-350571-6tapkjb6.txt txt: ./txt/cord-350571-6tapkjb6.txt summary: Possible solutions might be to use shared communication tools like Internet based communication programs and to introduce the patient as a participant at the IMRs. Please specify your abstract type: Research abstract Background and objective: International good pharmacy practice guidelines describe how pharmacists should counsel the patients about their medicines, offer additional services where needed, and intervene at drug related problems. Please specify your abstract type: Descriptive abstract (for projects) Background and objective: In order to improve the medication reconciliation and to implement training programs for the medical team in an associated to general hospital nursing (ASNH) home we measured the discrepancies between pharmacy registered treatments (PRT) and medical prescriptions (MP), and we analysed potentially inappropriate prescriptions according to ''''American Geriatrics Society 2015 Beers Criteria'''' and ''''STOPP-START 2014 criteria. abstract: nan url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28074393/ doi: 10.1007/s11096-016-0404-4 id: cord-318209-llucxztc author: Öztürk, Selçuk title: Therapeutic Applications of Stem Cells and Extracellular Vesicles in Emergency Care: Futuristic Perspectives date: 2020-08-24 words: 13633 sentences: 610 pages: flesch: 35 cache: ./cache/cord-318209-llucxztc.txt txt: ./txt/cord-318209-llucxztc.txt summary: A phase-1 clinical trial investigating autologous BM-derived mononuclear cell (BM-MNC) infusion in pediatric TBI patients indicated that Fig. 1 Main pathological conditions requiring acute emergency care that can benefit from stem cell therapies or extracellular vesicle therapies in the future harvesting and infusion of stem cells is safe in children with no infusion related toxicity or death [30] . The regenerative potential of various types of stem cells, with different sources, dosages, delivery routes, application times and end-points has been investigated in preclinical animal models and human clinical trials with the expectation that these cells would successfully engraft into the damaged brain tissue, differentiate into functional neuronal and vascular system cells and promote full recovery after stroke. A recently published systematic review of 76 studies testing stem cells in rodent ischemic stroke models and 4 randomized human clinical trials encompassing ischemic stroke patients treated with autologous stem cells with at least one year follow-up period demonstrated that stem cell therapies show beneficial effects in terms of behavior and histological outcomes in rodents. abstract: Regenerative medicine (RM) is an interdisciplinary field that aims to repair, replace or regenerate damaged or missing tissue or organs to function as close as possible to its physiological architecture and functions. Stem cells, which are undifferentiated cells retaining self-renewal potential, excessive proliferation and differentiation capacity into offspring or daughter cells that form different lineage cells of an organism, are considered as an important part of the RM approaches. They have been widely investigated in preclinical and clinical studies for therapeutic purposes. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are the vital mediators that regulate the therapeutic effects of stem cells. Besides, they carry various types of cargo between cells which make them a significant contributor of intercellular communication. Given their role in physiological and pathological conditions in living cells, EVs are considered as a new therapeutic alternative solution for a variety of diseases in which there is a high unmet clinical need. This review aims to summarize and identify therapeutic potential of stem cells and EVs in diseases requiring acute emergency care such as trauma, heart diseases, stroke, acute respiratory distress syndrome and burn injury. Diseases that affect militaries or societies including acute radiation syndrome, sepsis and viral pandemics such as novel coronavirus disease 2019 are also discussed. Additionally, featuring and problematic issues that hamper clinical translation of stem cells and EVs are debated in a comparative manner with a futuristic perspective. [Figure: see text] url: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12015-020-10029-2 doi: 10.1007/s12015-020-10029-2 ==== make-pages.sh questions [ERIC WAS HERE] ==== make-pages.sh search /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/make-pages.sh: line 77: /data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/tmp/search.htm: No such file or directory Traceback (most recent call last): File "/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/bin/tsv2htm-search.py", line 51, in with open( TEMPLATE, 'r' ) as handle : htm = handle.read() FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/data-disk/reader-compute/reader-cord/tmp/search.htm' ==== make-pages.sh topic modeling corpus Zipping study carrel