id sid tid token lemma pos cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 1 1 key key JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 1 2 : : : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 1 3 cord-330239-l8fp8cvz cord-330239-l8fp8cvz NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 1 4 authors author NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 1 5 : : : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 1 6 Oyelade Oyelade NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 1 7 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 1 8 O. O. NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 1 9 N. N. NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 1 10 ; ; : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 1 11 Ezugwu Ezugwu NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 1 12 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 1 13 A. A. NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 1 14 E. E. NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 1 15 title title NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 1 16 : : : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 1 17 Deep Deep NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 1 18 Learning Learning NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 1 19 Model Model NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 1 20 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 1 21 Improving improve VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 1 22 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 1 23 Characterization characterization NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 1 24 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 1 25 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 1 26 on on IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 1 27 Chest Chest NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 1 28 X x NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 1 29 - - NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 1 30 ray ray NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 1 31 Images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 1 32 Using use VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 1 33 CNN CNN NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 1 34 date date NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 1 35 : : : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 1 36 2020 2020 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 1 37 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 1 38 11 11 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 1 39 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 1 40 03 03 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 1 41 journal journal NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 1 42 : : : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 2 1 nan nan NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 2 2 DOI DOI NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 2 3 : : : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 2 4 10.1101/2020.10.30.20222786 10.1101/2020.10.30.20222786 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 2 5 sha sha NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 2 6 : : : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 3 1 75ff234a5f0908132c8e69172fe09d84ca62a8e1 75ff234a5f0908132c8e69172fe09d84ca62a8e1 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 3 2 doc_id doc_id CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 3 3 : : : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 3 4 330239 330239 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 3 5 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 3 6 : : : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 4 1 l8fp8cvz l8fp8cvz LS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 4 2 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 4 3 novel novel JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 4 4 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 4 5 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 4 6 also also RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 4 7 known know VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 4 8 as as IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 4 9 Covid19 Covid19 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 4 10 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 4 11 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 4 12 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 4 13 pandemic pandemic NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 4 14 that that WDT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 4 15 has have VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 4 16 weighed weigh VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 4 17 heavily heavily RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 4 18 on on IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 4 19 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 4 20 socio socio JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 4 21 - - JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 4 22 economic economic JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 4 23 affairs affair NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 4 24 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 4 25 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 4 26 world world NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 4 27 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 5 1 Although although IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 5 2 researches research NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 5 3 into into IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 5 4 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 5 5 production production NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 5 6 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 5 7 relevant relevant JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 5 8 vaccine vaccine NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 5 9 are be VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 5 10 being be VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 5 11 advanced advanced JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 5 12 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 5 13 there there EX cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 5 14 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 5 15 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 5 16 however however RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 5 17 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 5 18 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 5 19 need need NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 5 20 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 5 21 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 5 22 computational computational JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 5 23 solution solution NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 5 24 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 5 25 mediate mediate VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 5 26 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 5 27 process process NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 5 28 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 5 29 aiding aid VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 5 30 quick quick JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 5 31 detection detection NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 5 32 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 5 33 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 5 34 disease disease NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 5 35 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 6 1 Different different JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 6 2 computational computational JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 6 3 solutions solution NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 6 4 comprised comprise VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 6 5 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 6 6 natural natural JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 6 7 language language NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 6 8 processing processing NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 6 9 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 6 10 knowledge knowledge NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 6 11 engineering engineering NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 6 12 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 6 13 deep deep JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 6 14 learning learning NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 6 15 have have VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 6 16 been be VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 6 17 adopted adopt VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 6 18 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 6 19 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 6 20 task task NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 6 21 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 7 1 However however RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 7 2 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 7 3 deep deep JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 7 4 learning learning NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 7 5 solutions solution NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 7 6 have have VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 7 7 shown show VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 7 8 interesting interesting JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 7 9 performance performance NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 7 10 compared compare VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 7 11 to to IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 7 12 other other JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 7 13 methods method NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 7 14 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 8 1 This this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 8 2 paper paper NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 8 3 therefore therefore RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 8 4 aims aim VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 8 5 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 8 6 advance advance VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 8 7 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 8 8 application application NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 8 9 deep deep JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 8 10 learning learning NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 8 11 technique technique NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 8 12 to to IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 8 13 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 8 14 problem problem NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 8 15 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 8 16 characterization characterization NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 8 17 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 8 18 detection detection NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 8 19 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 8 20 novel novel JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 8 21 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 8 22 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 9 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 9 2 approach approach NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 9 3 adopted adopt VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 9 4 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 9 5 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 9 6 study study NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 9 7 proposes propose VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 9 8 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 9 9 convolutional convolutional JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 9 10 neural neural JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 9 11 network network NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 9 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 9 13 CNN CNN NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 9 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 9 15 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 9 16 which which WDT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 9 17 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 9 18 further further RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 9 19 enhanced enhance VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 9 20 using use VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 9 21 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 9 22 technique technique NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 9 23 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 9 24 data datum NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 9 25 augmentation augmentation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 9 26 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 10 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 10 2 motive motive NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 10 3 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 10 4 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 10 5 enhancement enhancement NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 10 6 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 10 7 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 10 8 CNN CNN NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 10 9 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 10 10 through through IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 10 11 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 10 12 latter latter JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 10 13 technique technique NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 10 14 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 10 15 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 10 16 investigate investigate VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 10 17 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 10 18 possibility possibility NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 10 19 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 10 20 further further RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 10 21 improving improve VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 10 22 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 10 23 performances performance NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 10 24 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 10 25 deep deep JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 10 26 learning learning NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 10 27 models model NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 10 28 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 10 29 detection detection NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 10 30 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 10 31 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 10 32 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 11 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 11 2 proposed propose VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 11 3 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 11 4 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 11 5 then then RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 11 6 applied apply VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 11 7 to to IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 11 8 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 11 9 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 11 10 X X NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 11 11 - - NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 11 12 ray ray NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 11 13 dataset dataset NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 11 14 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 11 15 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 11 16 study study NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 11 17 which which WDT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 11 18 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 11 19 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 11 20 National National NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 11 21 Institutes Institutes NNPS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 11 22 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 11 23 Health Health NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 11 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 11 25 NIH NIH NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 11 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 12 1 Chest Chest NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 12 2 X X NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 12 3 - - NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 12 4 Ray Ray NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 12 5 dataset dataset NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 12 6 obtained obtain VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 12 7 from from IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 12 8 Kaggle Kaggle NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 12 9 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 12 10 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 12 11 purpose purpose NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 12 12 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 12 13 promoting promote VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 12 14 early early JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 12 15 detection detection NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 12 16 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 12 17 screening screening NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 12 18 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 12 19 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 12 20 disease disease NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 12 21 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 13 1 Results result NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 13 2 obtained obtain VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 13 3 showed show VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 13 4 that that IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 13 5 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 13 6 approach approach NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 13 7 achieved achieve VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 13 8 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 13 9 performance performance NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 13 10 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 13 11 100 100 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 13 12 % % NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 13 13 accuracy accuracy NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 13 14 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 13 15 recall recall NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 13 16 / / SYM cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 13 17 precision precision NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 13 18 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 13 19 0.85 0.85 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 13 20 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 13 21 F f NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 13 22 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 13 23 measure measure NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 13 24 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 13 25 0.9 0.9 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 13 26 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 13 27 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 13 28 specificity specificity NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 13 29 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 13 30 1.0 1.0 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 13 31 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 14 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 14 2 proposed propose VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 14 3 CNN CNN NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 14 4 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 14 5 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 14 6 data data NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 14 7 augmentation augmentation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 14 8 solution solution NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 14 9 may may MD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 14 10 be be VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 14 11 adopted adopt VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 14 12 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 14 13 pre pre JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 14 14 - - JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 14 15 screening screening JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 14 16 suspected suspect VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 14 17 cases case NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 14 18 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 14 19 Covid19 Covid19 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 14 20 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 14 21 provide provide VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 14 22 support support NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 14 23 to to IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 14 24 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 14 25 use use NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 14 26 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 14 27 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 14 28 well well RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 14 29 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 14 30 known know VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 14 31 RT RT NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 14 32 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 14 33 PCR PCR NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 14 34 testing testing NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 14 35 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 15 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 15 2 2019 2019 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 15 3 novel novel NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 15 4 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 15 5 disease disease NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 15 6 presents present VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 15 7 an an DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 15 8 important important JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 15 9 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 15 10 urgent urgent JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 15 11 threat threat NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 15 12 to to IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 15 13 global global JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 15 14 health health NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 15 15 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 15 16 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 15 17 has have VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 15 18 equally equally RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 15 19 exposed expose VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 15 20 to to IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 15 21 an an DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 15 22 extent extent NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 15 23 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 15 24 fragility fragility NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 15 25 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 15 26 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 15 27 most most RBS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 15 28 highly highly RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 15 29 placed place VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 15 30 health health NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 15 31 institutions institution NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 15 32 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 15 33 infrastructures infrastructure NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 15 34 across across IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 15 35 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 15 36 globe globe NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 15 37 [ [ -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 15 38 27 27 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 15 39 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 15 40 28 28 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 15 41 ] ] -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 15 42 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 16 1 Since since IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 16 2 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 16 3 first first JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 16 4 status status NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 16 5 recorded record VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 16 6 case case NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 16 7 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 16 8 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 16 9 was be VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 16 10 identified identify VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 16 11 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 16 12 early early JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 16 13 December December NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 16 14 2019 2019 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 16 15 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 16 16 Wuhan Wuhan NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 16 17 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 16 18 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 16 19 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 16 20 Hubei Hubei NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 16 21 province province NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 16 22 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 16 23 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 16 24 People People NNPS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 16 25 's 's POS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 16 26 Republic Republic NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 16 27 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 16 28 China China NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 16 29 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 16 30 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 16 31 number number NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 16 32 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 16 33 patients patient NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 16 34 confirmed confirm VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 16 35 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 16 36 have have VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 16 37 contracted contract VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 16 38 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 16 39 disease disease NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 16 40 has have VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 16 41 exceeded exceed VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 16 42 35,960,908 35,960,908 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 16 43 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 16 44 214 214 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 16 45 countries country NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 16 46 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 16 47 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 16 48 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 16 49 number number NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 16 50 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 16 51 people people NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 16 52 infected infect VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 16 53 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 16 54 probably probably RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 16 55 much much RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 16 56 higher high JJR cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 16 57 [ [ -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 16 58 29 29 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 16 59 ] ] -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 16 60 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 17 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 17 2 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 17 3 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 17 4 record record NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 17 5 estimate estimate NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 17 6 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 17 7 more more JJR cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 17 8 than than IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 17 9 1,052,310 1,052,310 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 17 10 people people NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 17 11 have have VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 17 12 died die VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 17 13 from from IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 17 14 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 17 15 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 18 1 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 18 2 outbreak outbreak NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 18 3 as as IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 18 4 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 18 5 October October NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 18 6 06 06 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 18 7 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 18 8 2020 2020 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 18 9 [ [ -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 18 10 29 29 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 18 11 ] ] -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 18 12 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 19 1 However however RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 19 2 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 19 3 despite despite IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 19 4 several several JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 19 5 public public JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 19 6 health health NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 19 7 responses response NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 19 8 aimed aim VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 19 9 at at IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 19 10 containing contain VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 19 11 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 19 12 disease disease NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 19 13 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 19 14 delaying delay VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 19 15 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 19 16 spread spread NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 19 17 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 19 18 many many JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 19 19 countries country NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 19 20 have have VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 19 21 now now RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 19 22 been be VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 19 23 confronted confront VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 19 24 with with IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 19 25 critical critical JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 19 26 health health NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 19 27 care care NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 19 28 catastrophes catastrophe NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 19 29 ranging range VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 19 30 from from IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 19 31 limited limited JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 19 32 hospital hospital NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 19 33 beds bed NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 19 34 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 19 35 shortage shortage NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 19 36 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 19 37 medical medical JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 19 38 equipment equipment NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 19 39 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 19 40 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 19 41 contamination contamination NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 19 42 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 19 43 medical medical JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 19 44 frontline frontline JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 19 45 workers worker NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 19 46 [ [ -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 19 47 27 27 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 19 48 ] ] -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 19 49 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 20 1 In in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 20 2 order order NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 20 3 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 20 4 alleviate alleviate VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 20 5 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 20 6 liability liability NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 20 7 placed place VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 20 8 on on IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 20 9 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 20 10 already already RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 20 11 fragile fragile JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 20 12 healthcare healthcare NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 20 13 system system NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 20 14 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 20 15 while while IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 20 16 also also RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 20 17 providing provide VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 20 18 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 20 19 best good JJS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 20 20 possible possible JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 20 21 medical medical JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 20 22 care care NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 20 23 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 20 24 patients patient NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 20 25 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 20 26 efficient efficient JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 20 27 diagnosis diagnosis NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 20 28 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 20 29 treatments treatment NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 20 30 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 20 31 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 20 32 novel novel JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 20 33 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 20 34 disease disease NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 20 35 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 20 36 urgently urgently RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 20 37 needed need VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 20 38 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 21 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 21 2 study study NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 21 3 conducted conduct VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 21 4 by by IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 21 5 Wynants Wynants NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 21 6 et et NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 21 7 al al NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 21 8 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 22 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 22 2 27 27 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 22 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 22 4 revealed reveal VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 22 5 that that IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 22 6 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 22 7 development development NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 22 8 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 22 9 efficient efficient JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 22 10 prediction prediction NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 22 11 models model NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 22 12 that that WDT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 22 13 combine combine VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 22 14 several several JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 22 15 variables variable NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 22 16 or or CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 22 17 features feature VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 22 18 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 22 19 estimate estimate VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 22 20 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 22 21 risk risk NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 22 22 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 22 23 people people NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 22 24 being be VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 22 25 infected infect VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 22 26 by by IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 22 27 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 22 28 disease disease NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 22 29 or or CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 22 30 experiencing experience VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 22 31 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 22 32 poor poor JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 22 33 outcome outcome NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 22 34 from from IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 22 35 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 22 36 infection infection NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 22 37 could could MD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 22 38 assist assist VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 22 39 medical medical JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 22 40 staff staff NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 22 41 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 22 42 triaging triage VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 22 43 patients patient NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 22 44 when when WRB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 22 45 allocating allocate VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 22 46 limited limited JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 22 47 healthcare healthcare NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 22 48 resources resource NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 22 49 [ [ -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 22 50 27 27 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 22 51 ] ] -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 22 52 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 23 1 Several several JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 23 2 advanced advanced JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 23 3 artificial artificial JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 23 4 intelligence intelligence NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 23 5 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 23 6 machine machine NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 23 7 learning learning NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 23 8 models model NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 23 9 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 23 10 specifically specifically RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 23 11 deep deep JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 23 12 learning learning NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 23 13 algorithms algorithm NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 23 14 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 23 15 have have VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 23 16 been be VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 23 17 proposed propose VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 23 18 as as IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 23 19 evidenced evidence VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 23 20 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 23 21 many many JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 23 22 academic academic JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 23 23 databases database NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 23 24 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 23 25 journals journal NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 23 26 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 23 27 response response NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 23 28 to to IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 23 29 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 23 30 call call NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 23 31 by by IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 23 32 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 23 33 WHO WHO NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 23 34 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 23 35 share share VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 23 36 relevant relevant JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 23 37 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 23 38 research research NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 23 39 findings finding NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 23 40 rapidly rapidly RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 23 41 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 23 42 openly openly RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 23 43 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 23 44 inform inform VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 23 45 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 23 46 public public JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 23 47 health health NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 23 48 response response NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 23 49 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 23 50 help help VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 23 51 save save VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 23 52 people people NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 23 53 's 's POS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 23 54 lives life NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 23 55 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 24 1 Singh Singh NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 24 2 et et NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 24 3 al al NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 24 4 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 25 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 25 2 32 32 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 25 3 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 25 4 34 34 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 25 5 ] ] -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 25 6 developed develop VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 25 7 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 25 8 deep deep JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 25 9 convolution convolution NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 25 10 neural neural JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 25 11 network network NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 25 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 25 13 CNN CNN NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 25 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 25 15 that that WDT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 25 16 was be VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 25 17 applied apply VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 25 18 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 25 19 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 25 20 automated automate VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 25 21 diagnosis diagnosis NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 25 22 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 25 23 analysis analysis NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 25 24 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 25 25 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 25 26 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 25 27 infected infected JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 25 28 patients patient NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 25 29 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 26 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 26 2 authors author NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 26 3 ' ' POS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 26 4 proposed propose VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 26 5 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 26 6 involved involve VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 26 7 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 26 8 tuning tuning NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 26 9 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 26 10 Although although IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 26 11 different different JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 26 12 artificial artificial JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 26 13 intelligence intelligence NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 26 14 approaches approach NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 26 15 also also RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 26 16 exist exist VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 26 17 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 26 18 like like IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 26 19 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 26 20 case case NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 26 21 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 26 22 based base VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 26 23 reasoning reasoning NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 26 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 26 25 CBR CBR NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 26 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 26 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 26 28 25 25 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 26 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 26 30 which which WDT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 26 31 have have VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 26 32 been be VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 26 33 applied apply VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 26 34 to to IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 26 35 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 26 36 detection detection NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 26 37 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 26 38 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 26 39 disease disease NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 26 40 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 26 41 CNN CNN NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 26 42 methods method NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 26 43 however however RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 26 44 have have VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 26 45 shown show VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 26 46 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 26 47 be be VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 26 48 more more RBR cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 26 49 effective effective JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 26 50 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 26 51 promising promising JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 26 52 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 27 1 Several several JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 27 2 studies study NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 27 3 [ [ -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 27 4 4 4 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 27 5 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 27 6 5 5 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 27 7 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 27 8 6 6 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 27 9 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 27 10 78 78 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 27 11 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 27 12 26 26 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 27 13 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 27 14 30 30 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 27 15 ] ] -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 27 16 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 27 17 reviews review NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 27 18 which which WDT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 27 19 have have VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 27 20 adapted adapt VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 27 21 CNN CNN NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 27 22 to to IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 27 23 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 27 24 task task NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 27 25 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 27 26 detection detection NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 27 27 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 27 28 classification classification NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 27 29 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 27 30 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 27 31 have have VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 27 32 proven prove VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 27 33 that that IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 27 34 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 27 35 deep deep JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 27 36 learning learning NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 27 37 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 27 38 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 27 39 one one CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 27 40 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 27 41 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 27 42 most most RBS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 27 43 popular popular JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 27 44 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 27 45 effective effective JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 27 46 approaches approach NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 27 47 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 27 48 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 27 49 diagnosis diagnosis NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 27 50 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 27 51 COVD-19 COVD-19 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 27 52 from from IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 27 53 digitized digitized JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 27 54 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 27 55 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 28 1 This this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 28 2 outstanding outstanding JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 28 3 performance performance NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 28 4 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 28 5 CNN CNN NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 28 6 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 28 7 due due JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 28 8 to to IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 28 9 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 28 10 ability ability NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 28 11 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 28 12 learn learn VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 28 13 features feature NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 28 14 automatically automatically RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 28 15 from from IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 28 16 digital digital JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 28 17 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 28 18 as as IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 28 19 has have VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 28 20 been be VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 28 21 applied apply VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 28 22 to to IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 28 23 diagnoses diagnosis NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 28 24 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 28 25 COVID-19 covid-19 NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 28 26 based base VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 28 27 on on IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 28 28 clinical clinical JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 28 29 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 28 30 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 28 31 CT CT NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 28 32 scans scan NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 28 33 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 28 34 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 28 35 X X NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 28 36 - - NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 28 37 rays ray NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 28 38 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 28 39 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 28 40 chest chest NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 28 41 by by IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 28 42 researchers researcher NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 28 43 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 29 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 29 2 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 29 3 considering consider VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 29 4 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 29 5 advantages advantage NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 29 6 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 29 7 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 29 8 several several JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 29 9 automated automate VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 29 10 deep deep JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 29 11 learning learning NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 29 12 solution solution NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 29 13 approaches approach NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 29 14 as as IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 29 15 mentioned mention VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 29 16 above above RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 29 17 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 29 18 curbing curb VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 29 19 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 29 20 spread spread NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 29 21 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 29 22 COVID-19 covid-19 NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 29 23 through through IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 29 24 early early JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 29 25 detection detection NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 29 26 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 29 27 classification classification NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 29 28 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 29 29 isolation isolation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 29 30 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 29 31 treatment treatment NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 29 32 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 29 33 affected affected JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 29 34 persons person NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 29 35 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 29 36 it -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 29 37 would would MD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 29 38 be be VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 29 39 worthwhile worthwhile JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 29 40 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 29 41 further further RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 29 42 investigate investigate VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 29 43 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 29 44 possibility possibility NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 29 45 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 29 46 developing develop VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 29 47 better well JJR cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 29 48 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 29 49 more more RBR cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 29 50 efficient efficient JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 29 51 variants variant NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 29 52 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 29 53 deep deep JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 29 54 machine machine NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 29 55 learning learning NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 29 56 techniques technique NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 29 57 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 30 1 Moreover moreover RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 30 2 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 30 3 as as IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 30 4 revealed reveal VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 30 5 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 30 6 most most JJS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 30 7 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 30 8 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 30 9 literature literature NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 30 10 implementation implementation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 30 11 results result NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 30 12 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 30 13 adapting adapt VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 30 14 computational computational JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 30 15 solutions solution NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 30 16 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 30 17 effectively effectively RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 30 18 extract extract VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 30 19 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 30 20 relevant relevant JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 30 21 information information NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 30 22 inherent inherent JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 30 23 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 30 24 X X NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 30 25 - - NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 30 26 Ray Ray NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 30 27 imaging imaging NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 30 28 can can MD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 30 29 help help VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 30 30 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 30 31 automate automate VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 30 32 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 30 33 process process NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 30 34 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 30 35 speeding speed VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 30 36 up up RP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 30 37 diagnoses diagnosis NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 30 38 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 30 39 SARS SARS NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 30 40 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 30 41 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 30 42 virus virus NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 30 43 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 1 In in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 2 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 3 paper paper NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 4 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 6 propose propose VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 7 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 8 application application NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 9 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 10 deep deep JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 11 learning learning NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 12 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 13 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 14 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 15 category category NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 16 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 17 Convolutional Convolutional NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 18 Neural Neural NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 19 Network Network NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 21 CNN CNN NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 23 techniques technique NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 24 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 25 automate automate VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 26 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 27 process process NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 28 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 29 extracting extract VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 30 important important JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 31 features feature NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 32 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 33 then then RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 34 classification classification NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 35 or or CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 36 detection detection NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 37 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 38 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 39 from from IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 40 digital digital JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 41 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 42 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 43 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 44 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 45 may may MD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 46 eventually eventually RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 47 be be VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 48 supportive supportive JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 49 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 50 overcoming overcome VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 51 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 52 issue issue NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 53 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 54 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 55 shortage shortage NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 56 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 57 trained train VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 58 physicians physician NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 59 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 60 remote remote JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 61 communities community NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 62 [ [ -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 63 24 24 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 64 ] ] -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 31 65 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 32 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 32 2 proposed propose VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 32 3 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 32 4 implementation implementation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 32 5 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 32 6 such such JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 32 7 that that IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 32 8 we -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 32 9 first first RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 32 10 applied apply VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 32 11 some some DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 32 12 selected select VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 32 13 image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 32 14 pre pre JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 32 15 - - JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 32 16 processing processing JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 32 17 techniques technique NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 32 18 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 32 19 reduce reduce VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 32 20 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 32 21 noise noise NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 32 22 on on IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 32 23 CT CT NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 32 24 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 32 25 chest chest NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 32 26 X X NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 32 27 - - NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 32 28 rays ray NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 32 29 digital digital JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 32 30 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 32 31 obtained obtain VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 32 32 from from IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 32 33 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 32 34 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 32 35 X X NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 32 36 - - NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 32 37 ray ray NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 32 38 dataset dataset NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 32 39 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 33 1 All all PDT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 33 2 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 33 3 dataset dataset NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 33 4 used use VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 33 5 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 33 6 validate validate VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 33 7 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 33 8 performance performance NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 33 9 superiority superiority NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 33 10 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 33 11 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 33 12 new new JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 33 13 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 33 14 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 33 15 taken take VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 33 16 from from IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 33 17 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 33 18 National National NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 33 19 Institutes Institutes NNPS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 33 20 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 33 21 Health Health NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 33 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 33 23 NIH NIH NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 33 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 33 25 Chest Chest NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 33 26 X X NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 33 27 - - NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 33 28 Ray Ray NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 33 29 datasets dataset NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 33 30 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 34 1 Specifically specifically RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 34 2 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 34 3 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 34 4 contributions contribution NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 34 5 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 34 6 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 34 7 research research NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 34 8 are be VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 34 9 summarized summarize VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 34 10 as as IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 34 11 follows follow VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 34 12 : : : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 35 1 i. i. NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 35 2 Design Design NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 35 3 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 35 4 development development NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 35 5 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 35 6 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 35 7 new new JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 35 8 CNN CNN NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 35 9 based base VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 35 10 deep deep JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 35 11 learning learning NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 35 12 framework framework NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 35 13 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 35 14 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 35 15 automatic automatic JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 35 16 characterization characterization NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 35 17 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 35 18 accurate accurate JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 35 19 diagnosis diagnosis NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 35 20 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 35 21 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 35 22 cases case NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 35 23 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 36 1 ii ii NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 36 2 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 37 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 37 2 proposed propose VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 37 3 CNN CNN NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 37 4 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 37 5 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 37 6 aimed aim VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 37 7 at at IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 37 8 detecting detect VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 37 9 COVID-19 covid-19 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 37 10 cases case NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 37 11 using use VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 37 12 chest chest NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 37 13 X X NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 37 14 - - NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 37 15 rays ray NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 37 16 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 37 17 from from IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 37 18 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 37 19 combined combine VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 37 20 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 37 21 X x NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 37 22 - - NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 37 23 ray ray NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 37 24 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 37 25 extracted extract VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 37 26 from from IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 37 27 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 37 28 National National NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 37 29 Institutes Institutes NNPS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 37 30 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 37 31 Health Health NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 37 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 37 33 NIH NIH NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 37 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 37 35 Chest Chest NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 37 36 X X NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 37 37 - - NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 37 38 Ray Ray NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 37 39 dataset dataset NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 37 40 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 38 1 iii iii NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 38 2 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 39 1 Experimentation experimentation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 39 2 was be VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 39 3 done do VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 39 4 using use VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 39 5 two two CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 39 6 optimization optimization NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 39 7 algorithms algorithm NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 39 8 namely namely RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 39 9 Adam Adam NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 39 10 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 39 11 Stochastic stochastic JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 39 12 gradient gradient NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 39 13 descent descent NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 39 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 39 15 SGD SGD NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 39 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 39 17 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 40 1 iv iv LS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 40 2 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 41 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 41 2 implemented implement VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 41 3 CNN CNN NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 41 4 based base VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 41 5 deep deep JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 41 6 learning learning NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 41 7 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 41 8 was be VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 41 9 evaluated evaluate VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 41 10 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 41 11 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 41 12 results result NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 41 13 compared compare VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 41 14 with with IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 41 15 existing exist VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 41 16 similar similar JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 41 17 state state NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 41 18 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 41 19 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 41 20 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 41 21 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 41 22 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 41 23 art art NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 41 24 results result NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 41 25 from from IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 41 26 literature literature NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 41 27 using use VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 41 28 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 41 29 following follow VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 41 30 metrics metric NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 41 31 : : : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 41 32 accuracy accuracy NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 41 33 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 41 34 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 41 35 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 41 36 specificity specificity NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 41 37 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 41 38 F1-score F1-score NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 41 39 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 41 40 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 41 41 confusion confusion NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 41 42 matrix matrix NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 41 43 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 41 44 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 41 45 AUC AUC NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 41 46 using use VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 41 47 receiver receiver NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 41 48 operating operating NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 41 49 characteristic characteristic NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 41 50 ( ( -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 41 51 ROC ROC NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 41 52 ) ) -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 41 53 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 42 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 42 2 rest rest NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 42 3 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 42 4 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 42 5 paper paper NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 42 6 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 42 7 structured structure VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 42 8 accordingly accordingly RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 42 9 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 43 1 In in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 43 2 section section NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 43 3 2 2 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 43 4 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 43 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 43 6 explain explain VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 43 7 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 43 8 proposed propose VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 43 9 deep deep JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 43 10 leaning lean VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 43 11 framework framework NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 43 12 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 43 13 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 43 14 characterization characterization NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 43 15 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 43 16 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 43 17 on on IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 43 18 chest chest NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 43 19 X x NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 43 20 - - NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 43 21 ray ray NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 43 22 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 43 23 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 43 24 datasets dataset NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 43 25 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 44 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 44 2 computational computational JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 44 3 results result NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 44 4 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 44 5 different different JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 44 6 experimentations experimentation NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 44 7 are be VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 44 8 reported report VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 44 9 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 44 10 section section NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 44 11 3 3 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 44 12 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 45 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 45 2 interpretation interpretation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 45 3 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 45 4 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 45 5 obtained obtain VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 45 6 experimental experimental JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 45 7 results result NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 45 8 from from IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 45 9 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 45 10 proposed propose VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 45 11 deep deep JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 45 12 learning learning NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 45 13 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 45 14 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 45 15 presented present VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 45 16 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 45 17 section section NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 45 18 4 4 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 45 19 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 46 1 Finally finally RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 46 2 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 46 3 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 46 4 concluding conclude VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 46 5 remarks remark NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 46 6 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 46 7 future future JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 46 8 research research NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 46 9 direction direction NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 46 10 are be VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 46 11 given give VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 46 12 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 46 13 section section NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 46 14 5 5 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 46 15 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 47 1 In in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 47 2 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 47 3 section section NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 47 4 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 47 5 an an DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 47 6 overview overview NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 47 7 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 47 8 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 47 9 deep deep JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 47 10 learning learning NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 47 11 approach approach NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 47 12 proposed propose VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 47 13 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 47 14 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 47 15 study study NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 47 16 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 47 17 presented present VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 47 18 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 48 1 This this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 48 2 overview overview NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 48 3 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 48 4 summarized summarize VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 48 5 through through IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 48 6 an an DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 48 7 architectural architectural JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 48 8 pipeline pipeline NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 48 9 flow flow NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 48 10 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 48 11 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 48 12 concepts concept NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 48 13 comprising comprise VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 48 14 it -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 48 15 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 49 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 49 2 datasets dataset NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 49 3 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 49 4 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 49 5 associated associate VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 49 6 data data NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 49 7 / / SYM cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 49 8 image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 49 9 preprocessing preprocessing NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 49 10 techniques technique NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 49 11 adopted adopt VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 49 12 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 49 13 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 49 14 study study NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 49 15 are be VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 49 16 also also RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 49 17 detailed detail VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 49 18 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 50 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 50 2 choice choice NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 50 3 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 50 4 category category NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 50 5 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 50 6 datasets dataset NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 50 7 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 50 8 application application NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 50 9 to to IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 50 10 any any DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 50 11 CNN CNN NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 50 12 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 50 13 are be VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 50 14 very very RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 50 15 important important JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 50 16 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 50 17 require require VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 50 18 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 50 19 selection selection NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 50 20 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 50 21 an an DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 50 22 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 50 23 dataset dataset NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 50 24 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 51 1 In in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 51 2 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 51 3 study study NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 51 4 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 51 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 51 6 decided decide VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 51 7 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 51 8 apply apply VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 51 9 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 51 10 CNN CNN NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 51 11 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 51 12 to to IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 51 13 chest chest NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 51 14 X X NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 51 15 - - NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 51 16 rays ray NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 51 17 or or CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 51 18 CT CT NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 51 19 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 51 20 which which WDT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 51 21 were be VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 51 22 outcomes outcome NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 51 23 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 51 24 radiological radiological JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 51 25 imaging imaging NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 51 26 which which WDT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 51 27 have have VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 51 28 been be VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 51 29 proven prove VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 51 30 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 51 31 yield yield VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 51 32 better well JJR cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 51 33 diagnosis diagnosis NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 51 34 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 51 35 COVID COVID NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 51 36 [ [ -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 51 37 1 1 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 51 38 ] ] -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 51 39 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 52 1 Two two CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 52 2 categories category NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 52 3 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 52 4 datasets dataset NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 52 5 are be VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 52 6 employed employ VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 52 7 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 52 8 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 52 9 characterization characterization NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 52 10 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 52 11 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 52 12 features feature NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 52 13 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 52 14 classification classification NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 52 15 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 52 16 novel novel JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 52 17 Covid-19 covid-19 NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 52 18 disease disease NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 52 19 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 53 1 These these DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 53 2 databases database NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 53 3 are be VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 53 4 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 53 5 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 53 6 X x NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 53 7 - - NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 53 8 ray ray NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 53 9 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 53 10 [ [ -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 53 11 2 2 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 53 12 ] ] -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 53 13 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 53 14 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 53 15 National National NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 53 16 Institutes Institutes NNPS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 53 17 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 53 18 Health Health NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 53 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 53 20 NIH NIH NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 53 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 53 22 Chest Chest NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 53 23 X X NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 53 24 - - NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 53 25 Ray Ray NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 53 26 Dataset Dataset NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 53 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 53 28 3 3 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 53 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 53 30 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 54 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 54 2 most most RBS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 54 3 frequently frequently RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 54 4 accessed access VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 54 5 imaging imaging NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 54 6 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 54 7 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 54 8 chest chest NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 54 9 X x NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 54 10 - - NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 54 11 ray ray NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 54 12 which which WDT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 54 13 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 54 14 due due JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 54 15 to to IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 54 16 cost cost NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 54 17 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 54 18 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 54 19 although although IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 54 20 it -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 54 21 presents present VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 54 22 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 54 23 more more RBR cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 54 24 challenging challenging JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 54 25 clinical clinical JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 54 26 diagnosis diagnosis NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 54 27 task task NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 54 28 compared compare VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 54 29 with with IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 54 30 chest chest NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 54 31 CT CT NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 54 32 imaging imaging NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 54 33 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 55 1 Hence hence RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 55 2 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 55 3 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 55 4 combined combine VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 55 5 approach approach NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 55 6 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 55 7 chest chest NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 55 8 X X NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 55 9 - - NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 55 10 rays ray NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 55 11 / / SYM cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 55 12 CT CT NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 55 13 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 55 14 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 55 15 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 55 16 use use NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 55 17 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 55 18 publicly publicly RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 55 19 available available JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 55 20 datasets dataset NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 55 21 with with IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 55 22 large large JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 55 23 instances instance NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 55 24 position position VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 55 25 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 55 26 CNN CNN NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 55 27 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 55 28 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 55 29 achieve achieve VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 55 30 clinically clinically RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 55 31 relevant relevant JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 55 32 diagnoses diagnosis NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 55 33 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 56 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 56 2 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 56 3 X X NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 56 4 - - NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 56 5 ray ray NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 56 6 dataset dataset NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 56 7 consists consist VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 56 8 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 56 9 cases case NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 56 10 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 56 11 Covid-19 covid-19 NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 56 12 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 56 13 MERS MERS NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 56 14 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 56 15 SARS SARS NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 56 16 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 56 17 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 56 18 ARDS ARDS NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 56 19 which which WDT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 56 20 are be VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 56 21 all all DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 56 22 represented represent VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 56 23 as as IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 56 24 chest chest NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 56 25 X x NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 56 26 - - NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 56 27 ray ray NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 56 28 or or CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 56 29 CT CT NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 56 30 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 56 31 database database NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 56 32 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 57 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 57 2 database database NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 57 3 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 57 4 accompanied accompany VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 57 5 with with IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 57 6 several several JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 57 7 fields field NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 57 8 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 57 9 each each DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 57 10 instance instance NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 57 11 which which WDT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 57 12 provides provide VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 57 13 further further JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 57 14 details detail NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 57 15 on on IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 57 16 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 57 17 image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 57 18 sample sample NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 57 19 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 1 These these DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 2 fields field NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 3 include include VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 4 number number NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 5 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 6 days day NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 7 since since IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 8 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 9 start start NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 10 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 11 symptoms symptom NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 12 or or CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 13 hospitalization hospitalization NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 14 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 15 patient patient NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 17 necessary necessary JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 18 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 19 tracking track VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 20 multiple multiple JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 21 copies copy NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 22 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 23 image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 24 taken take VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 25 per per IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 26 patient patient NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 28 ; ; : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 29 sex sex NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 30 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 31 age age NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 32 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 33 findings finding NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 34 or or CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 35 outcome outcome NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 36 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 37 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 38 diagnoses diagnosis NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 39 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 40 patient patient JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 41 survival survival NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 42 status status NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 43 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 44 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 45 view view NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 46 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 47 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 48 image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 49 presented present VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 50 ( ( -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 51 PA PA NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 52 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 53 AP AP NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 54 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 55 or or CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 56 L l NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 57 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 58 X X NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 59 - - NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 60 rays ray NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 61 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 62 Axial Axial NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 63 or or CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 64 Coronal Coronal NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 65 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 66 CT CT NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 67 scans scan NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 68 ) ) -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 69 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 70 modality modality NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 71 ( ( -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 72 CT CT NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 73 or or CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 74 X x NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 75 - - NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 76 ray ray NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 77 ) ) -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 78 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 79 clinical clinical JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 80 notes note NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 81 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 82 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 83 other other JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 84 important important JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 85 information information NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 58 86 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 59 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 59 2 obtained obtain VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 59 3 363 363 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 59 4 instances instance NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 59 5 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 59 6 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 59 7 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 59 8 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 59 9 accompanied accompany VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 59 10 metadata metadata NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 59 11 from from IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 59 12 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 59 13 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 59 14 X X NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 59 15 - - NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 59 16 ray ray NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 59 17 database database NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 59 18 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 60 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 60 2 second second JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 60 3 database database NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 60 4 combined combine VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 60 5 with with IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 60 6 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 60 7 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 60 8 X X NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 60 9 - - NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 60 10 ray ray NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 60 11 dataset dataset NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 60 12 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 60 13 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 60 14 study study NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 60 15 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 60 16 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 60 17 National National NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 60 18 Institutes Institutes NNPS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 60 19 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 60 20 Health Health NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 60 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 60 22 NIH NIH NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 60 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 61 1 Chest Chest NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 61 2 X X NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 61 3 - - NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 61 4 Ray Ray NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 61 5 Dataset Dataset NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 61 6 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 62 1 This this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 62 2 database database NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 62 3 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 62 4 comprised comprise VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 62 5 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 62 6 112,120 112,120 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 62 7 X x NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 62 8 - - NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 62 9 ray ray NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 62 10 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 62 11 which which WDT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 62 12 are be VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 62 13 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 62 14 sizes size NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 62 15 1024 1024 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 62 16 x1024 x1024 NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 62 17 with with IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 62 18 disease disease NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 62 19 labels label NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 62 20 from from IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 62 21 30,805 30,805 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 62 22 unique unique JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 62 23 patients patient NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 62 24 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 63 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 63 2 database database NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 63 3 provides provide VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 63 4 samples sample NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 63 5 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 63 6 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 63 7 with with IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 63 8 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 63 9 diseases disease NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 63 10 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 63 11 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 63 12 disease disease NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 63 13 region region NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 63 14 bounding bound VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 63 15 boxes box NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 63 16 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 64 1 Similar similar JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 64 2 to to IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 64 3 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 64 4 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 64 5 X X NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 64 6 - - NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 64 7 ray ray NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 64 8 dataset dataset NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 64 9 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 64 10 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 64 11 database database NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 64 12 also also RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 64 13 provides provide VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 64 14 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 64 15 following following JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 64 16 metadata metadata NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 64 17 about about IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 64 18 each each DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 64 19 instance instance NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 64 20 : : : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 64 21 findings finding NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 64 22 / / SYM cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 64 23 diagnosis diagnosis NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 64 24 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 64 25 type type NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 64 26 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 64 27 disease disease NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 64 28 diagnosed diagnose VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 64 29 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 64 30 age age NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 64 31 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 64 32 gender gender NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 64 33 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 64 34 patient patient NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 64 35 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 64 36 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 64 37 view view NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 64 38 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 64 39 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 64 40 image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 64 41 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 64 42 other other JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 64 43 details detail NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 64 44 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 65 1 In in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 65 2 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 65 3 following follow VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 65 4 figures figure NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 65 5 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 65 6 we -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 65 7 have have VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 65 8 summarized summarize VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 65 9 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 65 10 class class NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 65 11 distributions distribution NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 65 12 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 65 13 sizes size NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 65 14 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 65 15 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 65 16 databases database NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 65 17 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 65 18 also also RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 65 19 present present VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 65 20 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 65 21 combined combined JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 65 22 chart chart NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 65 23 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 65 24 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 65 25 two two CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 65 26 databases database NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 65 27 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 66 1 In in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 66 2 Figure figure NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 66 3 1 1 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 66 4 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 66 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 66 6 show show VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 66 7 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 66 8 number number NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 66 9 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 66 10 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 66 11 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 66 12 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 66 13 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 66 14 chest chest NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 66 15 X x NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 66 16 - - NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 66 17 ray ray NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 66 18 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 66 19 NIH NIH NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 66 20 Chest Chest NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 66 21 X X NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 66 22 - - NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 66 23 rays ray NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 66 24 databases database NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 66 25 which which WDT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 66 26 are be VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 66 27 363 363 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 66 28 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 66 29 84823 84823 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 66 30 respectively respectively RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 66 31 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 67 1 Figure figure NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 67 2 2 2 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 67 3 reveals reveal VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 67 4 that that IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 67 5 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 67 6 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 67 7 Chest Chest NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 67 8 Xray Xray NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 67 9 consists consist VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 67 10 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 67 11 ten ten CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 67 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 67 13 10 10 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 67 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 67 15 Figure figure NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 67 16 3 3 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 67 17 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 68 1 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 68 2 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 68 3 author author NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 68 4 / / SYM cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 68 5 funder funder NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 68 6 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 68 7 who who WP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 68 8 has have VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 68 9 granted grant VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 68 10 medRxiv medRxiv NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 68 11 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 68 12 license license NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 68 13 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 68 14 display display VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 68 15 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 68 16 preprint preprint NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 68 17 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 68 18 perpetuity perpetuity NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 68 19 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 69 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 69 2 which which WDT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 69 3 was be VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 69 4 not not RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 69 5 certified certify VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 69 6 by by IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 69 7 peer peer NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 69 8 review review NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 69 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 70 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 70 2 copyright copyright NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 70 3 holder holder NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 70 4 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 70 5 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 70 6 preprint preprint NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 70 7 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 70 8 version version NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 70 9 posted post VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 70 10 November November NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 70 11 3 3 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 70 12 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 70 13 2020 2020 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 70 14 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 71 1 In in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 71 2 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 71 3 experimentation experimentation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 71 4 phase phase NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 71 5 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 71 6 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 71 7 combined combined JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 71 8 representation representation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 71 9 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 71 10 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 71 11 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 71 12 from from IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 71 13 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 71 14 two two CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 71 15 datasets dataset NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 71 16 were be VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 71 17 split split VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 71 18 into into IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 71 19 training training NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 71 20 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 71 21 evaluation evaluation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 71 22 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 71 23 testing testing NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 71 24 categories category NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 71 25 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 71 26 yielded yield VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 71 27 63887 63887 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 71 28 samples sample NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 71 29 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 71 30 training training NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 71 31 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 71 32 17034 17034 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 71 33 samples sample NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 71 34 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 71 35 validation validation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 71 36 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 71 37 4265 4265 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 71 38 samples sample NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 71 39 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 71 40 testing testing NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 71 41 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 72 1 This this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 72 2 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 72 3 illustrated illustrate VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 72 4 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 72 5 Figure Figure NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 72 6 4 4 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 72 7 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 73 1 A a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 73 2 joint joint JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 73 3 representation representation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 73 4 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 73 5 class class NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 73 6 distribution distribution NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 73 7 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 73 8 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 73 9 / / SYM cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 73 10 samples sample NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 73 11 across across IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 73 12 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 73 13 two two CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 73 14 databases database NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 73 15 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 73 16 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 73 17 purpose purpose NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 73 18 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 73 19 training training NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 73 20 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 73 21 shown show VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 73 22 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 73 23 Figure figure NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 73 24 5 5 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 73 25 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 74 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 74 2 combination combination NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 74 3 yielded yield VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 74 4 twenty twenty CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 74 5 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 74 6 four four CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 74 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 74 8 24 24 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 74 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 74 10 classes class NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 74 11 with with IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 74 12 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 74 13 following following JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 74 14 number number NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 74 15 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 74 16 samples sample NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 74 17 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 74 18 each each DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 74 19 class class NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 74 20 : : : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 1 No no DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 2 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 3 finding find VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 4 or or CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 5 disease disease NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 6 free free JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 7 samples sample NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 8 has have VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 9 28222 28222 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 10 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 11 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 12 Infiltration infiltration NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 13 has have VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 14 8017 8017 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 15 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 16 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 17 Effusion effusion NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 18 has have VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 19 5701 5701 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 20 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 21 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 22 Atelectasis Atelectasis NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 23 has have VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 24 5373 5373 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 25 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 26 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 27 Nodule Nodule NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 28 has have VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 29 2887 2887 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 30 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 31 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 32 Mass Mass NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 33 has have VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 34 2558 2558 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 35 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 36 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 37 Pneumothorax Pneumothorax NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 38 has have VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 39 2255 2255 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 40 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 41 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 42 Consolidation Consolidation NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 43 has have VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 44 2012 2012 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 45 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 46 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 47 Pleural Pleural NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 48 Thickening thickening NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 49 has have VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 50 1511 1511 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 51 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 52 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 53 Cardiomegaly Cardiomegaly NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 54 has have VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 55 1187 1187 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 56 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 57 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 58 Emphysema emphysema NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 59 has have VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 60 1171 1171 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 61 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 62 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 63 Edema edema NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 64 has have VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 65 1003 1003 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 66 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 67 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 68 Fibrosis Fibrosis NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 69 has have VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 70 968 968 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 71 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 72 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 73 Pneumonia Pneumonia NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 74 has have VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 75 636 636 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 76 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 77 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 78 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 79 has have VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 80 203 203 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 81 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 82 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 83 Hernia Hernia NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 84 has have VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 85 118 118 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 86 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 87 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 88 Streptococcus Streptococcus NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 89 has have VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 90 17 17 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 91 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 92 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 93 ARDS ARDS NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 94 has have VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 95 15 15 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 96 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 97 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 98 Pneumocystis Pneumocystis NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 99 has have VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 100 15 15 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 101 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 102 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 103 SARS SARS NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 104 has have VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 105 11 11 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 106 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 107 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 108 E.coli E.coli NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 109 has have VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 110 4 4 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 111 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 112 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 113 Chlamydophila Chlamydophila NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 114 has have VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 115 2 2 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 116 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 117 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 118 Legionella Legionella NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 119 has have VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 120 2 2 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 121 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 122 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 123 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 124 Klebsiella Klebsiella NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 125 has have VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 126 1 1 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 127 image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 75 128 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 76 1 Meanwhile meanwhile RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 76 2 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 76 3 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 76 4 presentation presentation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 76 5 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 76 6 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 76 7 splitting splitting NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 76 8 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 76 9 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 76 10 datasets dataset NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 76 11 into into IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 76 12 evaluation evaluation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 76 13 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 76 14 testing testing NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 76 15 sets set NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 76 16 are be VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 76 17 captured capture VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 76 18 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 76 19 Figures figure NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 76 20 6 6 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 76 21 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 76 22 7 7 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 76 23 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 77 1 A a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 77 2 combine combine NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 77 3 graphing graphing NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 77 4 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 77 5 distribution distribution NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 77 6 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 77 7 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 77 8 used use VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 77 9 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 77 10 training training NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 77 11 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 77 12 testing testing NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 77 13 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 77 14 validation validation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 77 15 as as IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 77 16 drawn draw VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 77 17 from from IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 77 18 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 77 19 Covid-19 Covid-19 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 77 20 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 77 21 NIH NIH NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 77 22 Chest Chest NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 77 23 X x NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 77 24 - - NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 77 25 ray ray NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 77 26 datasets dataset NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 77 27 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 78 1 CC CC NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 78 2 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 78 3 BY BY NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 78 4 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 78 5 NC NC NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 78 6 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 78 7 ND ND NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 78 8 4.0 4.0 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 78 9 International international JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 78 10 license license NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 79 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 79 2 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 79 3 made make VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 79 4 available available JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 79 5 under under IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 79 6 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 80 1 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 80 2 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 80 3 author author NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 80 4 / / SYM cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 80 5 funder funder NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 80 6 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 80 7 who who WP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 80 8 has have VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 80 9 granted grant VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 80 10 medRxiv medRxiv NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 80 11 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 80 12 license license NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 80 13 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 80 14 display display VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 80 15 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 80 16 preprint preprint NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 80 17 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 80 18 perpetuity perpetuity NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 80 19 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 81 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 81 2 copyright copyright NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 81 3 holder holder NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 81 4 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 81 5 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 81 6 preprint preprint NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 81 7 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 81 8 version version NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 81 9 posted post VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 81 10 November November NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 81 11 3 3 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 81 12 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 81 13 2020 2020 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 81 14 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 81 15 ; ; : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 82 1 Figure figure NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 82 2 5 5 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 82 3 : : : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 82 4 Distribution distribution NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 82 5 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 82 6 training training NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 82 7 samples sample NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 82 8 among among IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 82 9 classes class NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 82 10 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 82 11 disease disease NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 82 12 as as IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 82 13 drawn draw VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 82 14 from from IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 82 15 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 82 16 Covid-19 Covid-19 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 82 17 Chest Chest NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 82 18 X X NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 82 19 - - NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 82 20 ray ray NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 82 21 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 82 22 NIH NIH NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 82 23 Chest Chest NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 82 24 X x NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 82 25 - - NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 82 26 ray ray NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 82 27 datasets dataset NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 82 28 Figure Figure NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 82 29 6 6 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 82 30 : : : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 82 31 Distribution distribution NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 82 32 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 82 33 validation validation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 82 34 samples sample NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 82 35 among among IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 82 36 classes class NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 82 37 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 82 38 disease disease NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 82 39 as as IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 82 40 drawn draw VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 82 41 from from IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 82 42 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 82 43 Covid-19 Covid-19 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 82 44 Chest Chest NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 82 45 X X NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 82 46 - - NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 82 47 ray ray NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 82 48 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 82 49 NIH NIH NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 82 50 Chest Chest NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 82 51 X x NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 82 52 - - NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 82 53 ray ray NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 82 54 datasets dataset NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 82 55 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 83 1 CC CC NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 83 2 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 83 3 BY BY NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 83 4 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 83 5 NC NC NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 83 6 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 83 7 ND ND NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 83 8 4.0 4.0 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 83 9 International international JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 83 10 license license NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 84 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 84 2 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 84 3 made make VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 84 4 available available JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 84 5 under under IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 84 6 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 85 1 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 85 2 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 85 3 author author NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 85 4 / / SYM cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 85 5 funder funder NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 85 6 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 85 7 who who WP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 85 8 has have VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 85 9 granted grant VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 85 10 medRxiv medRxiv NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 85 11 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 85 12 license license NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 85 13 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 85 14 display display VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 85 15 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 85 16 preprint preprint NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 85 17 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 85 18 perpetuity perpetuity NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 85 19 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 86 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 86 2 copyright copyright NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 86 3 holder holder NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 86 4 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 86 5 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 86 6 preprint preprint NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 86 7 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 86 8 version version NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 86 9 posted post VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 86 10 November November NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 86 11 3 3 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 86 12 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 86 13 2020 2020 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 86 14 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 87 1 ; ; : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 87 2 https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.30.20222786 https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.30.20222786 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 87 3 doi doi NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 87 4 : : : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 87 5 medRxiv medRxiv NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 87 6 preprint preprint NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 87 7 Figure figure NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 87 8 7 7 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 87 9 : : : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 87 10 Distribution distribution NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 87 11 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 87 12 testing testing NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 87 13 samples sample NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 87 14 among among IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 87 15 classes class NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 87 16 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 87 17 disease disease NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 87 18 as as IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 87 19 drawn draw VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 87 20 from from IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 87 21 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 87 22 Covid-19 Covid-19 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 87 23 Chest Chest NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 87 24 X X NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 87 25 - - NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 87 26 ray ray NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 87 27 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 87 28 NIH NIH NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 87 29 Chest Chest NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 87 30 X x NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 87 31 - - NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 87 32 ray ray NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 87 33 datasets dataset NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 87 34 Considering consider VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 87 35 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 87 36 level level NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 87 37 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 87 38 noise noise NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 87 39 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 87 40 distortion distortion NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 87 41 or or CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 87 42 anomalies anomaly NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 87 43 that that WDT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 87 44 might may MD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 87 45 be be VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 87 46 associated associate VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 87 47 with with IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 87 48 some some DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 87 49 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 87 50 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 87 51 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 87 52 accessed access VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 87 53 from from IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 87 54 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 87 55 public public JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 87 56 databases database NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 88 1 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 88 2 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 88 3 study study NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 88 4 attempted attempt VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 88 5 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 88 6 pre pre VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 88 7 - - VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 88 8 process process VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 88 9 all all PDT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 88 10 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 88 11 samples sample NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 88 12 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 89 1 This this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 89 2 was be VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 89 3 achieved achieve VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 89 4 by by IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 89 5 applying apply VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 89 6 some some DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 89 7 standard standard JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 89 8 image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 89 9 preprocessing preprocessing NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 89 10 techniques technique NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 89 11 to to IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 89 12 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 89 13 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 89 14 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 90 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 90 2 next next JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 90 3 section section NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 90 4 details detail NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 90 5 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 90 6 approach approach NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 90 7 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 91 1 To to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 91 2 enhance enhance VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 91 3 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 91 4 performance performance NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 91 5 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 91 6 deep deep JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 91 7 learning learning NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 91 8 models model NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 91 9 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 91 10 several several JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 91 11 studies study NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 91 12 [ [ -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 91 13 12 12 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 91 14 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 91 15 13 13 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 91 16 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 91 17 14 14 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 91 18 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 91 19 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 91 20 15 15 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 91 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 91 22 have have VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 91 23 encouraged encourage VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 91 24 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 91 25 application application NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 91 26 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 91 27 inputs input NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 91 28 / / SYM cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 91 29 samples sample NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 91 30 to to IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 91 31 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 91 32 preprocessing preprocessing NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 91 33 techniques technique NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 91 34 / / SYM cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 91 35 algorithms algorithm NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 91 36 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 92 1 Basically basically RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 92 2 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 92 3 image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 92 4 processing processing NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 92 5 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 92 6 which which WDT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 92 7 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 92 8 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 92 9 use use NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 92 10 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 92 11 algorithms algorithm NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 92 12 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 92 13 perform perform VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 92 14 image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 92 15 processing processing NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 92 16 on on IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 92 17 digital digital JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 92 18 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 92 19 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 92 20 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 92 21 categorized categorize VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 92 22 into into IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 92 23 two two CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 92 24 : : : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 92 25 namely namely RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 92 26 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 92 27 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 92 28 analogue analogue JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 92 29 image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 92 30 processing processing NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 92 31 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 92 32 digital digital JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 92 33 image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 92 34 processing processing NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 92 35 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 93 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 93 2 preprocessing preprocessing NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 93 3 techniques technique NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 93 4 are be VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 93 5 aimed aim VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 93 6 at at IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 93 7 improving improve VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 93 8 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 93 9 features feature NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 93 10 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 93 11 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 93 12 image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 93 13 through through IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 93 14 image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 93 15 enhancement enhancement NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 93 16 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 93 17 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 93 18 suppression suppression NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 93 19 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 93 20 unwanted unwanted JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 93 21 distortions distortion NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 93 22 thereby thereby RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 93 23 yielding yield VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 93 24 an an DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 93 25 improved improved JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 93 26 image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 93 27 / / SYM cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 93 28 input input NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 93 29 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 93 30 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 93 31 deep deep JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 93 32 learning learning NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 93 33 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 93 34 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 94 1 In in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 94 2 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 94 3 study study NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 94 4 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 94 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 94 6 applied apply VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 94 7 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 94 8 samples sample NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 94 9 to to IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 94 10 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 94 11 following following JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 94 12 preprocessing preprocessing NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 94 13 techniques technique NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 94 14 after after IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 94 15 reading read VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 94 16 or or CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 94 17 loading load VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 94 18 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 94 19 into into IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 94 20 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 94 21 buffer buffer NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 94 22 / / SYM cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 94 23 memory memory NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 94 24 : : : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 94 25 • • NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 95 1 Image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 95 2 resizing resize VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 96 1 : : : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 96 2 Due due IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 96 3 to to IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 96 4 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 96 5 heterogeneity heterogeneity NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 96 6 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 96 7 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 96 8 databases database NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 96 9 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 96 10 as as IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 96 11 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 96 12 result result NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 96 13 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 96 14 variation variation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 96 15 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 96 16 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 96 17 sizes size NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 96 18 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 96 19 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 96 20 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 96 21 we -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 96 22 resized resize VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 96 23 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 96 24 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 96 25 into into IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 96 26 220x220 220x220 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 96 27 sizes size NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 96 28 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 97 1 Such such JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 97 2 resizing resize VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 97 3 operation operation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 97 4 allows allow VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 97 5 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 97 6 decreasing decrease VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 97 7 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 97 8 total total JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 97 9 number number NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 97 10 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 97 11 pixels pixel NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 97 12 from from IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 97 13 888x882 888x882 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 98 1 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 98 2 1024x1024 1024x1024 NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 98 3 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 98 4 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 98 5 X X NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 98 6 - - NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 98 7 ray ray NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 98 8 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 98 9 NIH NIH NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 98 10 Chest Chest NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 98 11 X X NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 98 12 - - NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 98 13 Ray Ray NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 98 14 datasets dataset NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 98 15 respectively respectively RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 98 16 to to IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 98 17 220x220 220x220 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 99 1 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 99 2 both both DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 99 3 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 100 1 • • NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 101 1 Removal removal NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 101 2 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 101 3 noise noise NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 101 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 101 5 denoise denoise NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 101 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 101 7 : : : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 101 8 Image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 101 9 denoising denoising NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 101 10 can can MD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 101 11 present present VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 101 12 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 101 13 challenging challenging JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 101 14 procedure procedure NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 101 15 arising arise VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 101 16 from from IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 101 17 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 101 18 operation operation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 101 19 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 101 20 estimation estimation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 101 21 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 101 22 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 101 23 original original JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 101 24 image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 101 25 through through IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 101 26 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 101 27 elimination elimination NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 101 28 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 101 29 noise noise NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 101 30 from from IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 101 31 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 101 32 noisy noisy JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 101 33 image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 101 34 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 102 1 For for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 102 2 instance instance NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 102 3 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 102 4 one one PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 102 5 might may MD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 102 6 be be VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 102 7 interested interested JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 102 8 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 102 9 removing remove VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 102 10 any any DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 102 11 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 102 12 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 102 13 following follow VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 102 14 noises noise NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 102 15 from from IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 102 16 an an DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 102 17 image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 102 18 : : : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 102 19 Poisson Poisson NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 102 20 noise noise NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 102 21 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 102 22 salt salt NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 102 23 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 102 24 pepper pepper NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 102 25 noise noise NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 102 26 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 102 27 Gaussian gaussian JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 102 28 noise noise NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 102 29 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 102 30 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 102 31 speckle speckle NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 102 32 noise noise NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 102 33 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 103 1 In in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 103 2 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 103 3 study study NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 103 4 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 103 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 103 6 attempted attempt VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 103 7 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 103 8 eliminate eliminate VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 103 9 / / SYM cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 103 10 remove remove VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 103 11 noise noise NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 103 12 from from IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 103 13 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 103 14 image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 103 15 samples sample NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 103 16 using use VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 103 17 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 103 18 Gaussian Gaussian NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 103 19 Blur Blur NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 103 20 technique technique NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 103 21 since since IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 103 22 study study NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 103 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 103 24 16 16 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 103 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 103 26 showed show VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 103 27 that that IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 103 28 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 103 29 technique technique NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 103 30 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 103 31 relevant relevant JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 103 32 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 103 33 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 103 34 with with IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 103 35 high high JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 103 36 noise noise NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 103 37 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 104 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 104 2 used use VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 104 3 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 104 4 Gaussian gaussian JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 104 5 filter filter NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 104 6 by by IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 104 7 applying apply VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 104 8 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 104 9 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 104 10 to to IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 104 11 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 104 12 function function NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 104 13 cv2.GaussianBlur cv2.GaussianBlur VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 104 14 using use VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 104 15 kernel kernel NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 104 16 size size NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 104 17 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 104 18 5x5 5x5 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 104 19 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 104 20 zero zero CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 104 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 104 22 0 0 NFP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 104 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 104 24 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 104 25 both both CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 104 26 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 104 27 standard standard JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 104 28 deviation deviation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 104 29 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 104 30 both both CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 104 31 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 104 32 x x NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 104 33 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 104 34 y y NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 104 35 directions direction NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 104 36 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 105 1 • • NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 105 2 Morphology morphology NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 105 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 105 4 smoothing smooth VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 105 5 edges edge NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 105 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 105 7 : : : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 106 1 As as IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 106 2 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 106 3 preprocessing preprocessing NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 106 4 operation operation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 106 5 before before IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 106 6 applying apply VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 106 7 segmentation segmentation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 106 8 to to IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 106 9 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 106 10 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 106 11 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 106 12 we -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 106 13 applied apply VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 106 14 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 106 15 morphology morphology NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 106 16 operation operation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 106 17 to to IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 106 18 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 106 19 samples sample NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 106 20 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 107 1 This this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 107 2 enables enable VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 107 3 us -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 107 4 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 107 5 extract extract VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 107 6 image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 107 7 components component NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 107 8 that that WDT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 107 9 are be VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 107 10 useful useful JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 107 11 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 107 12 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 107 13 representation representation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 107 14 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 107 15 description description NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 107 16 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 107 17 region region NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 107 18 shape shape NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 107 19 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 108 1 This this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 108 2 operation operation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 108 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 108 4 morphological morphological JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 108 5 smoothing smoothing NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 108 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 108 7 was be VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 108 8 aimed aim VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 108 9 at at IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 108 10 removing remove VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 108 11 bright bright JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 108 12 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 108 13 dark dark JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 108 14 artifacts artifact NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 108 15 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 108 16 noise noise NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 108 17 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 108 18 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 108 19 was be VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 108 20 achieved achieve VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 108 21 through through IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 108 22 an an DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 108 23 opening opening NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 108 24 followed follow VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 108 25 by by IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 108 26 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 108 27 closing closing NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 108 28 operation operation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 108 29 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 109 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 109 2 output output NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 109 3 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 109 4 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 109 5 phase phase NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 109 6 yielded yield VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 109 7 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 109 8 whose whose WP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 109 9 edges edge NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 109 10 are be VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 109 11 smoothened smoothen VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 109 12 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 109 13 easy easy JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 109 14 detection detection NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 109 15 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 110 1 • • NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 111 1 Segmentation segmentation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 111 2 : : : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 111 3 It -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 111 4 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 111 5 well well RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 111 6 known know VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 111 7 that that DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 111 8 image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 111 9 segmentation segmentation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 111 10 allows allow VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 111 11 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 111 12 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 111 13 partitioning partitioning NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 111 14 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 111 15 an an DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 111 16 image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 111 17 into into IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 111 18 multiple multiple JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 111 19 image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 111 20 objects object NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 111 21 or or CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 111 22 segments segment NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 111 23 appearing appear VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 111 24 as as IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 111 25 different different JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 111 26 categories category NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 111 27 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 111 28 pixels pixel NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 111 29 such such JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 111 30 that that IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 111 31 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 111 32 similar similar JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 111 33 category category NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 111 34 constitutes constitute VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 111 35 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 111 36 segment segment NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 111 37 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 112 1 This this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 112 2 study study NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 112 3 approached approach VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 112 4 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 112 5 technique technique NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 112 6 with with IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 112 7 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 112 8 aim aim NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 112 9 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 112 10 enhancing enhance VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 112 11 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 112 12 process process NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 112 13 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 112 14 detecting detect VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 112 15 image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 112 16 objects object NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 112 17 which which WDT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 112 18 support support VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 112 19 feature feature NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 112 20 extraction extraction NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 112 21 thereby thereby RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 112 22 obtaining obtain VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 112 23 meaningful meaningful JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 112 24 results result NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 112 25 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 113 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 113 2 achieved achieve VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 113 3 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 113 4 through through IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 113 5 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 113 6 application application NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 113 7 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 113 8 thresholding thresholding NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 113 9 method method NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 113 10 leaving leave VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 113 11 out out RP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 113 12 other other JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 113 13 methods method NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 113 14 such such JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 113 15 as as IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 113 16 edge edge NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 113 17 detection detection NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 113 18 based base VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 113 19 techniques technique NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 113 20 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 113 21 region region NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 113 22 based base VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 113 23 techniques technique NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 113 24 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 113 25 clustering cluster VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 113 26 based base VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 113 27 techniques technique NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 113 28 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 113 29 watershed watershed NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 113 30 based base VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 113 31 techniques technique NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 113 32 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 113 33 partial partial JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 113 34 differential differential JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 113 35 equation equation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 113 36 based base VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 113 37 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 113 38 artificial artificial JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 113 39 neural neural JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 113 40 network network NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 113 41 based base VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 113 42 techniques technique NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 113 43 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 114 1 Using use VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 114 2 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 114 3 thresholding thresholding NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 114 4 method method NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 114 5 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 114 6 we -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 114 7 THRESH_BINARY_INV thresh_binary_inv DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 114 8 thresholding thresholding NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 114 9 style style NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 114 10 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 114 11 opencv opencv NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 114 12 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 114 13 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 114 14 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 114 15 maxVal maxval NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 114 16 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 114 17 255 255 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 114 18 which which WDT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 114 19 represents represent VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 114 20 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 114 21 value value NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 114 22 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 114 23 be be VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 114 24 given give VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 114 25 if if IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 114 26 pixel pixel NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 114 27 value value NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 114 28 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 114 29 more more JJR cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 114 30 than than IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 114 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 114 32 sometimes sometimes RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 114 33 less less JJR cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 114 34 than than IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 114 35 ) ) -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 114 36 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 114 37 threshold threshold NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 114 38 value value NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 114 39 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 115 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 115 2 computation computation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 115 3 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 115 4 THRESH_BINARY_INV THRESH_BINARY_INV NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 115 5 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 115 6 as as IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 115 7 shown show VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 115 8 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 115 9 equation equation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 115 10 1 1 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 115 11 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 116 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 116 2 second second JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 116 3 parameter parameter NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 116 4 to to IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 116 5 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 116 6 maxVal maxval NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 116 7 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 116 8 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 116 9 retVal retval NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 116 10 as as IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 116 11 used use VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 116 12 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 116 13 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 116 14 thresholding thresholding NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 116 15 technique technique NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 116 16 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 117 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 117 2 used use VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 117 3 Otsu Otsu NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 117 4 's 's POS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 117 5 method method NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 117 6 which which WDT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 117 7 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 117 8 widely widely RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 117 9 reported report VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 117 10 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 117 11 yield yield VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 117 12 interesting interesting JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 117 13 results result NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 117 14 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 117 15 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 117 16 also also RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 117 17 suitable suitable JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 117 18 when when WRB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 117 19 there there EX cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 117 20 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 117 21 distinguishable distinguishable JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 117 22 foreground foreground NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 117 23 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 117 24 background background NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 117 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 117 26 17 17 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 117 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 117 28 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 118 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 118 2 use use NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 118 3 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 118 4 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 118 5 method method NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 118 6 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 118 7 inferred infer VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 118 8 from from IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 118 9 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 118 10 value value NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 118 11 we -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 118 12 set set VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 118 13 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 118 14 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 118 15 retVal retval NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 118 16 which which WDT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 118 17 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 118 18 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 118 19 THRESH_OTSU THRESH_OTSU NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 118 20 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 119 1 This this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 119 2 allows allow VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 119 3 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 119 4 automating automate VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 119 5 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 119 6 process process NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 119 7 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 119 8 calculating calculate VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 119 9 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 119 10 threshold threshold NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 119 11 value value NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 119 12 from from IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 119 13 image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 119 14 histogram histogram NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 119 15 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 120 1 Thus thus RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 120 2 far far RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 120 3 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 120 4 we -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 120 5 have have VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 120 6 filtered filter VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 120 7 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 120 8 image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 120 9 samples sample NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 120 10 with with IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 120 11 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 120 12 5x5 5x5 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 120 13 Gaussian gaussian JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 120 14 kernel kernel NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 120 15 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 120 16 remove remove VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 120 17 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 120 18 noise noise NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 120 19 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 120 20 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 120 21 then then RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 120 22 applied apply VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 120 23 Otsu Otsu NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 120 24 thresholding thresholding NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 120 25 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 121 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 121 2 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 121 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 121 4 applied apply VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 121 5 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 121 6 dilate dilate NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 121 7 operation operation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 121 8 on on IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 121 9 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 121 10 image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 121 11 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 121 12 enlarge enlarge VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 121 13 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 121 14 foreground foreground NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 121 15 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 121 16 thereby thereby RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 121 17 find find VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 121 18 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 121 19 sure sure JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 121 20 background background NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 121 21 area area NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 121 22 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 122 1 Also also RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 122 2 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 122 3 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 122 4 find find VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 122 5 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 122 6 sure sure JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 122 7 background background NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 122 8 area area NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 122 9 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 122 10 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 122 11 image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 122 12 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 122 13 we -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 122 14 applied apply VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 122 15 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 122 16 distanceTransform distancetransform NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 122 17 operation operation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 122 18 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 122 19 achieve achieve VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 122 20 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 122 21 representation representation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 122 22 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 122 23 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 122 24 binary binary JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 122 25 image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 122 26 so so IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 122 27 that that IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 122 28 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 122 29 value value NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 122 30 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 122 31 each each DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 122 32 pixelwas pixelwas NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 122 33 replaced replace VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 122 34 by by IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 122 35 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 122 36 distance distance NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 122 37 to to IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 122 38 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 122 39 nearest near JJS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 122 40 background background NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 122 41 pixel pixel NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 122 42 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 123 1 Hence hence RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 123 2 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 123 3 threshold threshold NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 123 4 segmentation segmentation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 123 5 was be VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 123 6 applied apply VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 123 7 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 123 8 divide divide VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 123 9 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 123 10 image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 123 11 into into IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 123 12 regions region NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 123 13 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 123 14 object object NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 123 15 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 123 16 background background NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 123 17 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 124 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 124 2 thresholding thresholding NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 124 3 segmentation segmentation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 124 4 was be VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 124 5 completed complete VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 124 6 through through IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 124 7 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 124 8 application application NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 124 9 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 124 10 global global JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 124 11 thresholding thresholding NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 124 12 which which WDT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 124 13 uses use VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 124 14 any any DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 124 15 appropriate appropriate JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 124 16 threshold threshold NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 124 17 value value NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 124 18 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 124 19 T= T= NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 124 20 kept keep VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 124 21 constant constant JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 124 22 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 124 23 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 124 24 whole whole JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 124 25 image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 124 26 so so IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 124 27 that that IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 124 28 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 124 29 output output NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 124 30 image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 124 31 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 124 32 obtained obtain VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 124 33 from from IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 124 34 original original JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 124 35 image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 124 36 as as IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 124 37 seen see VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 124 38 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 124 39 equation equation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 124 40 2 2 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 124 41 [ [ -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 124 42 18 18 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 124 43 ] ] -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 124 44 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 125 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 125 2 resulting result VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 125 3 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 125 4 from from IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 125 5 all all PDT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 125 6 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 125 7 preprocessing preprocessing NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 125 8 techniques technique NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 125 9 above above RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 125 10 are be VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 125 11 then then RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 125 12 passed pass VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 125 13 as as IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 125 14 input input NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 125 15 into into IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 125 16 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 125 17 CNN CNN NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 125 18 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 125 19 described describe VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 125 20 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 125 21 subsection subsection NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 125 22 3.3 3.3 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 125 23 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 126 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 126 2 proposed propose VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 126 3 CNN CNN NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 126 4 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 126 5 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 126 6 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 126 7 fraction fraction NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 126 8 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 126 9 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 126 10 complete complete JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 126 11 framework framework NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 126 12 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 126 13 Figure figure NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 126 14 8 8 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 126 15 which which WDT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 126 16 represents represent VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 126 17 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 126 18 pipeline pipeline NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 126 19 flow flow NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 126 20 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 126 21 techniques technique NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 126 22 used use VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 126 23 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 126 24 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 126 25 study study NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 126 26 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 127 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 127 2 architectural architectural JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 127 3 pipeline pipeline NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 127 4 shown show VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 127 5 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 127 6 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 127 7 figure figure NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 127 8 below below IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 127 9 first first JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 127 10 reads read NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 127 11 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 127 12 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 127 13 sample sample NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 127 14 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 127 15 from from IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 127 16 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 127 17 buffer buffer NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 127 18 where where WRB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 127 19 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 127 20 combined combined JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 127 21 datasets dataset NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 127 22 from from IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 127 23 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 127 24 two two CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 127 25 databases database NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 127 26 are be VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 127 27 stored store VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 127 28 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 128 1 Thereafter thereafter RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 128 2 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 128 3 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 128 4 preprocessing preprocessing NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 128 5 techniques technique NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 128 6 described describe VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 128 7 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 128 8 Subsection subsection NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 128 9 3.2 3.2 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 128 10 are be VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 128 11 applied apply VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 128 12 sequentially sequentially RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 128 13 on on IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 128 14 them -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 128 15 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 129 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 129 2 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 129 3 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 129 4 resized resize VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 129 5 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 129 6 improved improve VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 129 7 image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 129 8 samples sample NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 129 9 are be VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 129 10 split split VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 129 11 into into IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 129 12 training training NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 129 13 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 129 14 validation validation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 129 15 sets set NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 129 16 based base VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 129 17 on on IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 129 18 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 129 19 illustration illustration NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 129 20 shown show VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 129 21 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 129 22 Subsection Subsection NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 129 23 2.1 2.1 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 129 24 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 130 1 Thereafter thereafter RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 130 2 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 130 3 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 130 4 CNN CNN NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 130 5 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 130 6 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 130 7 applied apply VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 130 8 to to IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 130 9 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 130 10 input input NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 130 11 samples sample NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 130 12 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 130 13 training training NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 130 14 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 130 15 validation validation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 130 16 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 131 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 131 2 trained trained JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 131 3 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 131 4 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 131 5 then then RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 131 6 exposed expose VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 131 7 to to IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 131 8 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 131 9 testing testing NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 131 10 set set NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 131 11 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 131 12 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 131 13 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 131 14 prediction prediction NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 131 15 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 131 16 then then RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 131 17 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 131 18 result result NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 131 19 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 131 20 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 131 21 classification classification NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 131 22 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 131 23 output output NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 131 24 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 131 25 performance performance NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 131 26 evaluation evaluation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 131 27 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 131 28 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 132 1 CC CC NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 132 2 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 132 3 BY BY NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 132 4 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 132 5 NC NC NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 132 6 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 132 7 ND ND NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 132 8 4.0 4.0 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 132 9 International international JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 132 10 license license NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 133 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 133 2 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 133 3 made make VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 133 4 available available JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 133 5 under under IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 133 6 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 134 1 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 134 2 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 134 3 author author NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 134 4 / / SYM cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 134 5 funder funder NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 134 6 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 134 7 who who WP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 134 8 has have VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 134 9 granted grant VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 134 10 medRxiv medRxiv NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 134 11 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 134 12 license license NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 134 13 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 134 14 display display VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 134 15 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 134 16 preprint preprint NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 134 17 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 134 18 perpetuity perpetuity NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 134 19 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 135 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 135 2 copyright copyright NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 135 3 holder holder NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 135 4 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 135 5 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 135 6 preprint preprint NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 135 7 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 135 8 version version NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 135 9 posted post VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 135 10 November November NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 135 11 3 3 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 135 12 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 135 13 2020 2020 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 135 14 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 136 1 ; ; : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 136 2 https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.30.20222786 https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.30.20222786 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 136 3 doi doi NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 136 4 : : : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 137 1 medRxiv medRxiv NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 137 2 preprint preprint NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 137 3 Overfitting Overfitting NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 137 4 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 137 5 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 137 6 situation situation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 137 7 when when WRB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 137 8 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 137 9 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 137 10 learns learn VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 137 11 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 137 12 training training NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 137 13 data datum NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 137 14 excellently excellently RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 137 15 but but CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 137 16 falls fall VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 137 17 short short RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 137 18 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 137 19 generalizing generalize VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 137 20 well well RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 137 21 when when WRB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 137 22 some some DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 137 23 other other JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 137 24 data datum NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 137 25 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 137 26 exposed expose VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 137 27 to to IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 137 28 it -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 137 29 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 138 1 Regularization regularization NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 138 2 techniques technique NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 138 3 such such JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 138 4 as as IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 138 5 L2 L2 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 138 6 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 138 7 L1 L1 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 138 8 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 138 9 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 139 1 CC CC NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 139 2 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 139 3 BY BY NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 139 4 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 139 5 NC NC NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 139 6 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 139 7 ND ND NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 139 8 4.0 4.0 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 139 9 International international JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 139 10 license license NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 140 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 140 2 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 140 3 made make VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 140 4 available available JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 140 5 under under IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 140 6 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 141 1 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 141 2 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 141 3 author author NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 141 4 / / SYM cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 141 5 funder funder NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 141 6 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 141 7 who who WP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 141 8 has have VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 141 9 granted grant VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 141 10 medRxiv medRxiv NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 141 11 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 141 12 license license NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 141 13 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 141 14 display display VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 141 15 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 141 16 preprint preprint NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 141 17 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 141 18 perpetuity perpetuity NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 141 19 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 142 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 142 2 copyright copyright NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 142 3 holder holder NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 142 4 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 142 5 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 142 6 preprint preprint NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 142 7 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 142 8 version version NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 142 9 posted post VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 142 10 November November NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 142 11 3 3 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 142 12 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 142 13 2020 2020 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 142 14 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 143 1 ; ; : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 143 2 https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.30.20222786 https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.30.20222786 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 143 3 doi doi NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 143 4 : : : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 143 5 medRxiv medRxiv NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 143 6 preprint preprint NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 143 7 dropout dropout NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 143 8 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 143 9 data datum NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 143 10 augmentation augmentation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 143 11 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 143 12 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 143 13 early early JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 143 14 stopping stopping NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 143 15 have have VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 143 16 been be VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 143 17 widely widely RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 143 18 reported report VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 143 19 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 143 20 enhance enhance VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 143 21 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 143 22 performance performance NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 143 23 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 143 24 deep deep JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 143 25 learning learning NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 143 26 models model NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 143 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 143 28 19 19 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 143 29 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 143 30 20 20 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 143 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 143 32 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 144 1 This this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 144 2 study study NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 144 3 therefore therefore RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 144 4 experimented experiment VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 144 5 with with IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 144 6 some some DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 144 7 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 144 8 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 144 9 techniques technique NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 144 10 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 144 11 ensure ensure VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 144 12 an an DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 144 13 optimal optimal JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 144 14 performance performance NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 144 15 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 144 16 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 144 17 proposed propose VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 144 18 deep deep JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 144 19 learning learning NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 144 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 144 21 CNN CNN NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 144 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 144 23 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 144 24 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 145 1 Hence hence RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 145 2 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 145 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 145 4 do do VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 145 5 not not RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 145 6 just just RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 145 7 hope hope VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 145 8 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 145 9 improve improve VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 145 10 performance performance NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 145 11 but but CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 145 12 enable enable VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 145 13 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 145 14 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 145 15 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 145 16 generalize generalize VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 145 17 well well RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 145 18 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 146 1 A a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 146 2 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 146 3 failing fail VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 146 4 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 146 5 generalize generalize VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 146 6 well well RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 146 7 will will MD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 146 8 show show VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 146 9 validation validation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 146 10 error error NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 146 11 increases increase VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 146 12 while while IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 146 13 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 146 14 training training NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 146 15 error error NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 146 16 steadily steadily RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 146 17 decreases decrease VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 146 18 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 147 1 In in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 147 2 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 147 3 study study NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 147 4 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 147 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 147 6 applied apply VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 147 7 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 147 8 work work NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 147 9 to to IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 147 10 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 147 11 most most RBS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 147 12 common common JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 147 13 regularization regularization NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 147 14 technique technique NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 147 15 L2 L2 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 147 16 which which WDT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 147 17 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 147 18 also also RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 147 19 referred refer VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 147 20 to to IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 147 21 as as IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 147 22 " " `` cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 147 23 weight weight NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 147 24 decay decay NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 147 25 " " '' cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 147 26 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 148 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 148 2 aimed aim VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 148 3 at at IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 148 4 applying apply VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 148 5 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 148 6 weight weight NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 148 7 regularization regularization NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 148 8 technique technique NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 148 9 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 148 10 reduce reduce VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 148 11 overfitting overfitting NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 148 12 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 149 1 L2 L2 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 149 2 values value NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 149 3 ranges range VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 149 4 between between IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 149 5 0 0 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 149 6 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 149 7 0.1 0.1 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 149 8 with with IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 149 9 examples example NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 149 10 as as IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 149 11 0.1 0.1 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 149 12 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 149 13 0.001 0.001 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 149 14 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 149 15 0.0001 0.0001 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 149 16 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 149 17 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 149 18 are be VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 149 19 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 149 20 logarithmic logarithmic JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 149 21 scale scale NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 149 22 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 150 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 150 2 therefore therefore RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 150 3 hoped hope VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 150 4 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 150 5 reduce reduce VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 150 6 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 150 7 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 150 8 's 's POS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 150 9 training training NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 150 10 error error NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 150 11 [ [ -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 150 12 21 21 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 150 13 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 150 14 22 22 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 150 15 ] ] -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 150 16 by by IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 150 17 applying apply VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 150 18 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 150 19 technique technique NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 150 20 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 151 1 For for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 151 2 instance instance NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 151 3 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 151 4 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 151 5 Inception Inception NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 151 6 V3 V3 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 151 7 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 151 8 experimented experiment VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 151 9 with with IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 151 10 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 151 11 value value NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 151 12 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 151 13 0.00004 0.00004 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 151 14 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 151 15 we -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 151 16 discovered discover VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 151 17 that that IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 151 18 it -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 151 19 was be VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 151 20 suboptimal suboptimal JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 151 21 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 151 22 instead instead RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 151 23 experimented experiment VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 151 24 with with IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 151 25 0.00005 0.00005 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 151 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 151 27 23 23 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 151 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 151 29 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 152 1 In in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 152 2 addition addition NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 152 3 to to IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 152 4 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 152 5 use use NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 152 6 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 152 7 L2 L2 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 152 8 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 152 9 we -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 152 10 also also RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 152 11 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 152 12 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 152 13 use use NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 152 14 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 152 15 early early JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 152 16 stopping stop VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 152 17 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 152 18 stop stop VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 152 19 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 152 20 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 152 21 from from IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 152 22 continuing continue VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 152 23 training training NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 152 24 when when WRB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 152 25 it -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 152 26 had have VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 152 27 attained attain VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 152 28 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 152 29 optimal optimal JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 152 30 performance performance NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 152 31 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 153 1 This this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 153 2 regularization regularization NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 153 3 concept concept NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 153 4 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 153 5 another another DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 153 6 widely widely RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 153 7 used use VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 153 8 technique technique NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 153 9 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 153 10 deep deep JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 153 11 learning learning NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 153 12 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 153 13 stop stop VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 153 14 training training NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 153 15 when when WRB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 153 16 generalization generalization NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 153 17 error error NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 153 18 increases increase NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 153 19 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 154 1 In in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 154 2 addition addition NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 154 3 to to IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 154 4 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 154 5 use use NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 154 6 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 154 7 data datum NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 154 8 augmentation augmentation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 154 9 technique technique NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 154 10 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 154 11 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 154 12 proposed propose VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 154 13 CNN CNN NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 154 14 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 154 15 was be VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 154 16 also also RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 154 17 allowed allow VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 154 18 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 154 19 use use VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 154 20 dropout dropout NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 154 21 layer layer NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 154 22 at at IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 154 23 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 154 24 rate rate NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 154 25 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 154 26 0.5 0.5 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 154 27 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 155 1 In in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 155 2 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 155 3 section section NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 155 4 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 155 5 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 155 6 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 155 7 chest chest NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 155 8 X x NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 155 9 - - NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 155 10 ray ray NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 155 11 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 155 12 NIH NIH NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 155 13 chest chest NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 155 14 X x NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 155 15 - - NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 155 16 ray ray NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 155 17 datasets dataset NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 155 18 described describe VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 155 19 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 155 20 subsection subsection NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 155 21 2.1 2.1 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 155 22 are be VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 155 23 trained train VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 155 24 based base VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 155 25 on on IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 155 26 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 155 27 CNN CNN NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 155 28 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 155 29 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 155 30 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 155 31 performances performance NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 155 32 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 155 33 multiclass multiclass NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 155 34 classification classification NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 155 35 are be VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 155 36 evaluated evaluate VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 155 37 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 156 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 156 2 environment environment NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 156 3 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 156 4 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 156 5 experimentation experimentation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 156 6 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 156 7 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 156 8 outcome outcome NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 156 9 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 156 10 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 156 11 preprocessing preprocessing NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 156 12 techniques technique NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 156 13 are be VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 156 14 also also RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 156 15 described describe VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 156 16 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 156 17 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 156 18 section section NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 156 19 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 157 1 All all DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 157 2 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 157 3 experiments experiment NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 157 4 were be VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 157 5 carried carry VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 157 6 out out RP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 157 7 on on IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 157 8 Google Google NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 157 9 's 's POS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 157 10 Colab Colab NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 157 11 environment environment NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 157 12 with with IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 157 13 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 157 14 following follow VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 157 15 configurations configuration NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 157 16 as as IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 157 17 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 157 18 need need NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 157 19 arose arise VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 157 20 : : : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 158 1 2-core 2-core CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 158 2 Intel(R intel(r NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 158 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 159 1 Xeon(R xeon(r NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 159 2 ) ) -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 160 1 CPU CPU NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 160 2 @ @ NFP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 161 1 2.30GHz 2.30ghz CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 161 2 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 161 3 13 13 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 161 4 GB GB NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 161 5 memory memory NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 161 6 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 161 7 33 33 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 161 8 GB GB NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 161 9 hard hard JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 161 10 drive drive NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 161 11 ; ; : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 161 12 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 161 13 GPU GPU NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 161 14 Tesla Tesla NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 161 15 P100-PCIE-16 P100-PCIE-16 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 161 16 GB GB NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 161 17 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 162 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 162 2 pre pre JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 162 3 - - JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 162 4 processing processing JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 162 5 techniques technique NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 162 6 applied apply VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 162 7 to to IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 162 8 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 162 9 input input NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 162 10 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 162 11 / / SYM cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 162 12 samples sample NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 162 13 were be VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 162 14 extensively extensively RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 162 15 discussed discuss VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 162 16 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 162 17 subsection subsection NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 162 18 2.2 2.2 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 162 19 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 163 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 163 2 we -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 163 3 aim aim VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 163 4 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 163 5 present present VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 163 6 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 163 7 outcome outcome NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 163 8 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 163 9 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 163 10 application application NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 163 11 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 163 12 those those DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 163 13 techniques technique NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 163 14 on on IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 163 15 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 163 16 datasets dataset NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 163 17 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 164 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 164 2 first first JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 164 3 operation operation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 164 4 applied apply VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 164 5 was be VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 164 6 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 164 7 resizing resizing NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 164 8 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 164 9 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 164 10 from from IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 164 11 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 164 12 high high JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 164 13 resolution resolution NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 164 14 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 164 15 888x882 888x882 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 165 1 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 165 2 1024x1024 1024x1024 NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 165 3 to to IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 165 4 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 165 5 collective collective JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 165 6 size size NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 165 7 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 165 8 220x220 220x220 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 165 9 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 166 1 This this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 166 2 was be VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 166 3 necessary necessary JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 166 4 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 166 5 allow allow VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 166 6 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 166 7 datasets dataset NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 166 8 sourced source VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 166 9 from from IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 166 10 different different JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 166 11 platforms platform NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 166 12 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 166 13 feed feed VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 166 14 into into IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 166 15 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 166 16 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 166 17 effectively effectively RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 166 18 as as IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 166 19 fixed fix VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 166 20 size size NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 166 21 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 167 1 In in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 167 2 Figures figure NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 167 3 10 10 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 167 4 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 167 5 11 11 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 167 6 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 167 7 we -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 167 8 show show VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 167 9 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 167 10 original original JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 167 11 image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 167 12 samples sample NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 167 13 from from IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 167 14 Covid-19 covid-19 NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 167 15 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 167 16 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 167 17 NIH NIH NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 167 18 chest chest NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 167 19 X x NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 167 20 - - NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 167 21 ray ray NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 167 22 datasets dataset NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 167 23 respectively respectively RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 167 24 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 167 25 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 167 26 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 167 27 outcome outcome NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 167 28 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 167 29 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 167 30 resizing resizing NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 167 31 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 167 32 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 167 33 operation operation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 167 34 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 167 35 shown show VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 167 36 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 167 37 Figure Figure NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 167 38 12 12 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 167 39 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 168 1 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 168 2 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 168 3 author author NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 168 4 / / SYM cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 168 5 funder funder NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 168 6 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 168 7 who who WP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 168 8 has have VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 168 9 granted grant VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 168 10 medRxiv medRxiv NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 168 11 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 168 12 license license NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 168 13 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 168 14 display display VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 168 15 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 168 16 preprint preprint NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 168 17 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 168 18 perpetuity perpetuity NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 168 19 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 169 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 169 2 copyright copyright NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 169 3 holder holder NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 169 4 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 169 5 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 169 6 preprint preprint NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 169 7 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 169 8 version version NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 169 9 posted post VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 169 10 November November NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 169 11 3 3 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 169 12 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 169 13 2020 2020 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 169 14 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 170 1 ; ; : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 170 2 https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.30.20222786 https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.30.20222786 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 170 3 doi doi NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 170 4 : : : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 170 5 medRxiv medRxiv NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 170 6 preprint preprint NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 170 7 Figure figure NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 170 8 11 11 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 170 9 : : : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 171 1 A a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 171 2 sample sample NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 171 3 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 171 4 raw raw JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 171 5 image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 171 6 labeled label VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 171 7 ' ' `` cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 171 8 No no DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 171 9 Finding finding NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 171 10 ' ' '' cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 171 11 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 171 12 size size NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 171 13 1024x1024 1024x1024 NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 171 14 from from IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 171 15 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 171 16 NIH NIH NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 171 17 Chest Chest NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 171 18 X x NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 171 19 - - NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 171 20 ray ray NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 171 21 dataset dataset NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 171 22 Figure Figure NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 171 23 12 12 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 171 24 : : : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 172 1 A a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 172 2 resized resize VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 172 3 sample sample NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 172 4 from from IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 172 5 888x882 888x882 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 172 6 to to IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 172 7 220x200 220x200 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 173 1 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 173 2 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 173 3 Covid-19 Covid-19 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 173 4 Chest Chest NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 173 5 X X NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 173 6 - - NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 173 7 ray ray NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 173 8 dataset dataset NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 173 9 One one CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 173 10 major major JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 173 11 pre pre JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 173 12 - - JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 173 13 processing processing JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 173 14 operation operation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 173 15 carried carry VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 173 16 out out RP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 173 17 on on IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 173 18 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 173 19 input input NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 173 20 sets set NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 173 21 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 173 22 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 173 23 removal removal NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 173 24 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 173 25 noise noise NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 173 26 as as IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 173 27 described describe VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 173 28 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 173 29 subsection subsection NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 173 30 2.2 2.2 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 173 31 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 174 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 174 2 approach approach NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 174 3 taken take VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 174 4 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 174 5 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 174 6 study study NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 174 7 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 174 8 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 174 9 blur blur VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 174 10 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 174 11 image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 174 12 samples sample NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 174 13 as as IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 174 14 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 174 15 measure measure NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 174 16 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 174 17 clean clean VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 174 18 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 174 19 denoise denoise VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 174 20 it -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 174 21 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 175 1 Hence hence RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 175 2 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 175 3 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 175 4 Figure Figure NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 175 5 13 13 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 175 6 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 175 7 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 175 8 pair pair NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 175 9 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 175 10 samples sample NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 175 11 resulting result VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 175 12 from from IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 175 13 an an DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 175 14 un un NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 175 15 - - JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 175 16 denoised denoise VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 175 17 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 175 18 then then RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 175 19 denoised denoised JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 175 20 image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 175 21 are be VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 175 22 captured capture VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 175 23 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 175 24 shown show VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 175 25 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 176 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 176 2 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 176 3 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 176 4 demonstrate demonstrate VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 176 5 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 176 6 segmentation segmentation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 176 7 operation operation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 176 8 carried carry VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 176 9 out out RP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 176 10 on on IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 176 11 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 176 12 image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 176 13 samples sample NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 176 14 by by IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 176 15 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 176 16 study study NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 176 17 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 176 18 we -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 176 19 have have VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 176 20 also also RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 176 21 presented present VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 176 22 output output NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 176 23 from from IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 176 24 such such JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 176 25 operation operation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 176 26 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 177 1 In in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 177 2 Figures figure NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 177 3 14 14 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 177 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 177 5 a a LS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 177 6 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 177 7 b b NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 177 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 177 9 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 177 10 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 177 11 pair pair NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 177 12 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 177 13 samples sample NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 177 14 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 177 15 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 177 16 whose whose WP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 177 17 segments segment NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 177 18 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 177 19 background background NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 177 20 are be VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 177 21 extracted extract VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 177 22 are be VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 177 23 presented present VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 177 24 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 178 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 178 2 pair pair NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 178 3 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 178 4 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 178 5 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 178 6 Figure figure NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 178 7 14a 14a NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 178 8 shows show VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 178 9 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 178 10 original original JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 178 11 image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 178 12 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 178 13 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 178 14 outcome outcome NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 178 15 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 178 16 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 178 17 segmented segmented JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 178 18 image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 178 19 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 178 20 while while IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 178 21 that that DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 178 22 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 178 23 Figure figure NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 178 24 14b 14b NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 178 25 shows show VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 178 26 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 178 27 original original JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 178 28 image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 178 29 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 178 30 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 178 31 extracted extract VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 178 32 background background NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 178 33 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 179 1 These these DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 179 2 operations operation NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 179 3 allow allow VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 179 4 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 179 5 easier easy JJR cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 179 6 understanding understanding NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 179 7 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 179 8 what what WP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 179 9 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 179 10 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 179 11 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 179 12 image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 179 13 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 179 14 enable enable VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 179 15 easier easy JJR cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 179 16 analysis analysis NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 179 17 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 179 18 each each DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 179 19 part part NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 179 20 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 180 1 In in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 180 2 addition addition NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 180 3 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 180 4 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 180 5 segmentation segmentation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 180 6 operation operation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 180 7 on on IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 180 8 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 180 9 medical medical JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 180 10 X x NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 180 11 - - NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 180 12 ray ray NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 180 13 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 180 14 revealed reveal VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 180 15 objects object NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 180 16 which which WDT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 180 17 were be VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 180 18 unknown unknown JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 180 19 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 180 20 but but CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 180 21 were be VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 180 22 segmented segment VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 180 23 within within IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 180 24 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 180 25 image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 180 26 typically typically RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 180 27 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 180 28 further further JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 180 29 investigation investigation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 180 30 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 180 31 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 181 1 CC CC NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 181 2 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 181 3 BY BY NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 181 4 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 181 5 NC NC NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 181 6 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 181 7 ND ND NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 181 8 4.0 4.0 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 181 9 International international JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 181 10 license license NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 182 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 182 2 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 182 3 made make VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 182 4 available available JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 182 5 under under IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 182 6 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 183 1 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 183 2 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 183 3 author author NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 183 4 / / SYM cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 183 5 funder funder NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 183 6 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 183 7 who who WP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 183 8 has have VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 183 9 granted grant VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 183 10 medRxiv medRxiv NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 183 11 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 183 12 license license NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 183 13 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 183 14 display display VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 183 15 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 183 16 preprint preprint NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 183 17 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 183 18 perpetuity perpetuity NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 183 19 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 184 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 184 2 copyright copyright NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 184 3 holder holder NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 184 4 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 184 5 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 184 6 preprint preprint NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 184 7 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 184 8 version version NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 184 9 posted post VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 184 10 November November NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 184 11 3 3 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 184 12 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 184 13 2020 2020 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 184 14 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 185 1 ; ; : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 185 2 https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.30.20222786 https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.30.20222786 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 185 3 doi doi NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 185 4 : : : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 186 1 medRxiv medRxiv NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 186 2 preprint preprint NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 187 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 187 2 use use NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 187 3 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 187 4 bounding bound VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 187 5 boxes box NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 187 6 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 187 7 one one CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 187 8 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 187 9 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 187 10 most most RBS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 187 11 interesting interesting JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 187 12 operations operation NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 187 13 that that WDT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 187 14 provide provide VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 187 15 support support NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 187 16 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 187 17 image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 187 18 annotation annotation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 187 19 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 187 20 deep deep JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 187 21 learning learning NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 187 22 models model NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 187 23 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 188 1 This this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 188 2 proves prove VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 188 3 useful useful JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 188 4 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 188 5 object object NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 188 6 classification classification NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 188 7 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 188 8 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 188 9 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 188 10 even even RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 188 11 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 188 12 further further JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 188 13 localization localization NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 188 14 tasks task NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 188 15 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 189 1 Whereas whereas IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 189 2 image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 189 3 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 189 4 aimed aim VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 189 5 at at IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 189 6 assigning assign VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 189 7 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 189 8 class class NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 189 9 label label NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 189 10 to to IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 189 11 an an DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 189 12 image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 189 13 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 189 14 object object NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 189 15 localization localization NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 189 16 allows allow VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 189 17 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 189 18 creating create VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 189 19 bounding bound VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 189 20 boxes box NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 189 21 around around IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 189 22 recognizable recognizable JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 189 23 objects object NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 189 24 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 189 25 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 189 26 image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 189 27 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 190 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 190 2 target target NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 190 3 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 190 4 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 190 5 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 190 6 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 190 7 classify classify VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 190 8 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 190 9 also also RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 190 10 obtain obtain VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 190 11 positions position NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 190 12 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 190 13 objects object NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 190 14 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 190 15 image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 190 16 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 190 17 referred refer VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 190 18 to to IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 190 19 as as IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 190 20 object object NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 190 21 detection detection NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 190 22 or or CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 190 23 object object NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 190 24 recognition recognition NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 190 25 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 191 1 Drawing draw VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 191 2 bounding bound VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 191 3 boxes box NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 191 4 can can MD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 191 5 be be VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 191 6 achieved achieve VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 191 7 using use VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 191 8 deep deep JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 191 9 learning learning NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 191 10 models model NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 191 11 or or CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 191 12 other other JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 191 13 algorithms algorithm NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 191 14 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 192 1 For for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 192 2 instance instance NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 192 3 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 192 4 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 192 5 describe describe VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 192 6 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 192 7 location location NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 192 8 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 192 9 some some DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 192 10 targeted target VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 192 11 diseases disease NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 192 12 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 192 13 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 192 14 input input NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 192 15 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 192 16 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 192 17 we -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 192 18 draw draw VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 192 19 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 192 20 bounding bound VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 192 21 box box NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 192 22 as as IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 192 23 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 192 24 rectangular rectangular JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 192 25 box box NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 192 26 that that WDT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 192 27 can can MD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 192 28 be be VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 192 29 determined determine VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 192 30 by by IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 192 31 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 192 32 x x NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 192 33 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 192 34 y y NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 192 35 axis axis NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 192 36 coordinates coordinate VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 192 37 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 192 38 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 192 39 upper upper RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 192 40 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 192 41 left left JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 192 42 corner corner NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 192 43 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 192 44 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 192 45 x x NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 192 46 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 192 47 y y NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 192 48 axis axis NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 192 49 coordinates coordinate VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 192 50 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 192 51 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 192 52 lower low JJR cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 192 53 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 192 54 right right JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 192 55 corner corner NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 192 56 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 192 57 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 192 58 rectangle rectangle NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 192 59 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 193 1 This this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 193 2 operation operation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 193 3 allows allow VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 193 4 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 193 5 easily easily RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 193 6 annotating annotate VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 193 7 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 193 8 samples sample NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 193 9 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 193 10 convenient convenient JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 193 11 recognition recognition NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 193 12 by by IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 193 13 CNN CNN NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 193 14 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 193 15 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 193 16 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 194 1 CC CC NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 194 2 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 194 3 BY BY NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 194 4 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 194 5 NC NC NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 194 6 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 194 7 ND ND NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 194 8 4.0 4.0 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 194 9 International international JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 194 10 license license NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 195 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 195 2 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 195 3 made make VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 195 4 available available JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 195 5 under under IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 195 6 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 196 1 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 196 2 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 196 3 author author NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 196 4 / / SYM cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 196 5 funder funder NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 196 6 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 196 7 who who WP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 196 8 has have VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 196 9 granted grant VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 196 10 medRxiv medRxiv NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 196 11 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 196 12 license license NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 196 13 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 196 14 display display VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 196 15 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 196 16 preprint preprint NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 196 17 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 196 18 perpetuity perpetuity NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 196 19 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 197 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 197 2 copyright copyright NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 197 3 holder holder NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 197 4 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 197 5 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 197 6 preprint preprint NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 197 7 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 197 8 version version NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 197 9 posted post VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 197 10 November November NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 197 11 3 3 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 197 12 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 197 13 2020 2020 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 197 14 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 197 15 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 198 1 CC CC NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 198 2 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 198 3 BY BY NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 198 4 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 198 5 NC NC NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 198 6 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 198 7 ND ND NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 198 8 4.0 4.0 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 198 9 International international JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 198 10 license license NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 199 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 199 2 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 199 3 made make VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 199 4 available available JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 199 5 under under IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 199 6 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 200 1 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 200 2 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 200 3 author author NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 200 4 / / SYM cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 200 5 funder funder NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 200 6 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 200 7 who who WP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 200 8 has have VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 200 9 granted grant VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 200 10 medRxiv medRxiv NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 200 11 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 200 12 license license NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 200 13 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 200 14 display display VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 200 15 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 200 16 preprint preprint NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 200 17 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 200 18 perpetuity perpetuity NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 200 19 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 201 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 201 2 copyright copyright NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 201 3 holder holder NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 201 4 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 201 5 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 201 6 preprint preprint NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 201 7 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 201 8 version version NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 201 9 posted post VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 201 10 November November NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 201 11 3 3 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 201 12 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 201 13 2020 2020 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 201 14 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 202 1 Contours contour NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 202 2 allow allow VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 202 3 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 202 4 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 202 5 identification identification NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 202 6 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 202 7 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 202 8 shapes shape NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 202 9 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 202 10 objects object NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 202 11 within within IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 202 12 an an DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 202 13 image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 202 14 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 202 15 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 202 16 are be VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 202 17 recognized recognize VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 202 18 through through IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 202 19 lines line NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 202 20 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 202 21 curves curve NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 202 22 joining join VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 202 23 all all PDT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 202 24 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 202 25 continuous continuous JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 202 26 points point NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 202 27 with with IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 202 28 similar similar JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 202 29 color color NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 202 30 or or CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 202 31 intensity intensity NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 202 32 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 203 1 This this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 203 2 technique technique NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 203 3 provides provide VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 203 4 support support NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 203 5 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 203 6 object object NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 203 7 detection detection NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 203 8 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 203 9 recognition recognition NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 203 10 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 1 In in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 2 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 3 study study NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 4 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 5 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 6 extract extract VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 7 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 8 contours contour NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 9 as as IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 10 shown show VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 11 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 12 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 13 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 14 below below IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 15 those those DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 16 with with IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 17 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 18 bounding bound VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 19 boxes box NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 20 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 21 we -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 22 carry carry VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 23 out out RP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 24 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 25 following follow VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 26 : : : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 27 we -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 28 first first RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 29 threshold threshold VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 30 each each DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 31 image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 32 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 33 then then RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 34 find find VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 35 all all PDT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 36 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 37 contours contour NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 38 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 39 each each DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 40 image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 41 ; ; : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 42 with with IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 43 each each DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 44 contour contour NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 45 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 46 we -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 47 draw draw VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 48 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 49 bounding bound VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 50 rectangle rectangle NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 51 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 52 green green JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 53 color color NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 54 ; ; : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 55 then then RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 56 get get VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 57 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 58 minimum minimum JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 59 area area NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 60 rectangle rectangle NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 61 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 62 convert convert VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 63 all all DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 64 coordinates coordinate NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 65 floating float VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 66 point point NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 67 values value NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 68 to to IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 69 integer integer NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 70 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 71 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 72 draw draw VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 73 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 74 red red JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 75 ' ' `` cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 76 nghien nghien JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 77 ' ' '' cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 78 rectangle rectangle NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 79 ; ; : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 80 furthermore furthermore RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 81 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 82 we -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 83 get get VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 84 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 85 minimum minimum JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 86 enclosing enclose VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 87 circle circle NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 88 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 89 convert convert VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 90 all all DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 91 values value NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 92 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 93 integer integer VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 94 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 95 draw draw VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 96 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 97 circle circle NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 98 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 99 blue blue JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 100 ; ; : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 101 then then RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 102 finally finally RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 103 draw draw VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 104 all all DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 105 contours contour NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 106 on on IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 107 each each DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 108 image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 204 109 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 205 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 205 2 proposed propose VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 205 3 CNN CNN NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 205 4 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 205 5 receives receive VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 205 6 grayscale grayscale JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 205 7 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 205 8 as as IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 205 9 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 205 10 input input NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 205 11 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 205 12 experiments experiment NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 205 13 are be VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 205 14 performed perform VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 205 15 with with IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 205 16 multiclass multiclass NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 205 17 classifications classification NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 205 18 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 206 1 Table table NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 206 2 1 1 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 206 3 shows show VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 206 4 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 206 5 detection detection NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 206 6 classes class NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 206 7 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 206 8 each each DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 206 9 classification classification NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 206 10 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 206 11 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 206 12 distribution distribution NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 206 13 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 206 14 both both DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 206 15 datasets dataset NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 206 16 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 207 1 Meanwhile meanwhile RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 207 2 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 207 3 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 207 4 each each DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 207 5 experiment experiment NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 207 6 carried carry VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 207 7 out out RP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 207 8 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 207 9 we -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 207 10 train train VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 207 11 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 207 12 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 207 13 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 207 14 50 50 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 207 15 epochs epoch NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 207 16 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 207 17 1310 1310 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 207 18 steps step NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 207 19 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 207 20 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 208 1 CC CC NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 208 2 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 208 3 BY BY NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 208 4 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 208 5 NC NC NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 208 6 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 208 7 ND ND NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 208 8 4.0 4.0 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 208 9 International international JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 208 10 license license NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 209 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 209 2 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 209 3 made make VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 209 4 available available JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 209 5 under under IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 209 6 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 210 1 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 210 2 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 210 3 author author NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 210 4 / / SYM cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 210 5 funder funder NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 210 6 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 210 7 who who WP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 210 8 has have VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 210 9 granted grant VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 210 10 medRxiv medRxiv NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 210 11 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 210 12 license license NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 210 13 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 210 14 display display VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 210 15 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 210 16 preprint preprint NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 210 17 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 210 18 perpetuity perpetuity NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 210 19 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 211 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 211 2 copyright copyright NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 211 3 holder holder NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 211 4 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 211 5 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 211 6 preprint preprint NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 211 7 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 211 8 version version NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 211 9 posted post VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 211 10 November November NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 211 11 3 3 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 211 12 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 211 13 2020 2020 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 211 14 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 212 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 212 2 experimented experiment VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 212 3 with with IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 212 4 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 212 5 proposed propose VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 212 6 CNN CNN NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 212 7 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 212 8 on on IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 212 9 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 212 10 datasets dataset NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 212 11 using use VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 212 12 some some DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 212 13 variation variation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 212 14 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 212 15 hyperparameters hyperparameter NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 212 16 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 213 1 For for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 213 2 instance instance NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 213 3 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 213 4 we -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 213 5 investigated investigate VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 213 6 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 213 7 performance performance NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 213 8 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 213 9 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 213 10 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 213 11 when when WRB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 213 12 SGD SGD NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 213 13 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 213 14 Adam Adam NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 213 15 optimizers optimizer NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 213 16 were be VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 213 17 applied apply VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 213 18 to to IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 213 19 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 213 20 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 213 21 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 213 22 plotted plot VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 213 23 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 213 24 output output NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 213 25 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 213 26 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 213 27 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 213 28 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 214 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 214 2 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 214 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 214 4 experimented experiment VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 214 5 on on IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 214 6 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 214 7 proposed propose VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 214 8 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 214 9 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 214 10 effect effect NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 214 11 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 214 12 two two CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 214 13 different different JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 214 14 values value NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 214 15 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 214 16 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 214 17 L2 L2 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 214 18 ( ( -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 214 19 weight weight NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 214 20 decay decay NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 214 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 214 22 regularization regularization NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 214 23 technique technique NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 214 24 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 215 1 Meanwhile meanwhile RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 215 2 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 215 3 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 215 4 proposed propose VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 215 5 CNN CNN NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 215 6 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 215 7 was be VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 215 8 also also RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 215 9 applied apply VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 215 10 to to IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 215 11 classical classical JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 215 12 data datum NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 215 13 augmentation augmentation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 215 14 technique technique NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 215 15 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 215 16 determine determine VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 215 17 possible possible JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 215 18 improvement improvement NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 215 19 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 215 20 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 215 21 performance performance NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 215 22 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 216 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 216 2 first first JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 216 3 set set NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 216 4 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 216 5 experiments experiment NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 216 6 used use VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 216 7 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 216 8 Adam Adam NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 216 9 optimization optimization NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 216 10 algorithm algorithm NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 216 11 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 216 12 weight weight NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 216 13 decay decay NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 216 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 216 15 L2 L2 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 216 16 ) ) -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 216 17 value value NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 216 18 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 216 19 0.0002 0.0002 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 216 20 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 217 1 Figure figure NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 217 2 _SP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 217 3 17 17 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 217 4 captures capture VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 217 5 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 217 6 performance performance NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 217 7 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 217 8 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 217 9 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 217 10 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 217 11 terms term NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 217 12 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 217 13 loss loss NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 217 14 function function NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 217 15 while while IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 217 16 Figure Figure NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 217 17 18 18 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 217 18 shows show VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 217 19 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 217 20 trajectory trajectory NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 217 21 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 217 22 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 217 23 accuracy accuracy NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 217 24 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 217 25 both both DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 217 26 training training NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 217 27 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 217 28 validation validation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 217 29 cases case NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 217 30 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 218 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 218 2 plotted plot VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 218 3 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 218 4 confusion confusion NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 218 5 matrix matrix NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 218 6 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 218 7 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 218 8 experimentation experimentation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 218 9 after after IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 218 10 carrying carry VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 218 11 out out RP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 218 12 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 218 13 prediction prediction NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 218 14 using use VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 218 15 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 218 16 test test NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 218 17 datasets dataset NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 218 18 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 218 19 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 218 20 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 218 21 shown show VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 218 22 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 218 23 Figure figure NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 218 24 19 19 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 218 25 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 219 1 Note note VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 219 2 that that IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 219 3 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 219 4 configuration configuration NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 219 5 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 219 6 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 219 7 Adam Adam NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 219 8 optimizer optimizer NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 219 9 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 219 10 as as IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 219 11 follows follow VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 219 12 : : : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 219 13 learning learn VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 219 14 rate=0.001 rate=0.001 NNPS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 219 15 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 219 16 beta1=0.9 beta1=0.9 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 219 17 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 219 18 beta2=0.999 beta2=0.999 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 219 19 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 219 20 epsilon=1e-8 epsilon=1e-8 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 219 21 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 220 1 Similarly similarly RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 220 2 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 220 3 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 220 4 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 220 5 second second JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 220 6 experiment experiment NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 220 7 performed perform VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 220 8 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 220 9 we -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 220 10 experimented experiment VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 220 11 using use VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 220 12 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 220 13 SGD SGD NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 220 14 optimizer optimizer NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 220 15 with with IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 220 16 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 220 17 following follow VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 220 18 configuration configuration NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 220 19 : : : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 220 20 learning learn VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 220 21 rate=0.01 rate=0.01 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 220 22 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 220 23 decay=1e-6 decay=1e-6 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 220 24 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 220 25 momentum=0.9 momentum=0.9 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 220 26 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 220 27 nesterov= nesterov= NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 221 1 True true JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 221 2 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 222 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 222 2 value value NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 222 3 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 222 4 0.0005 0.0005 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 222 5 was be VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 222 6 used use VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 222 7 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 222 8 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 222 9 L2 L2 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 222 10 regularization regularization NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 222 11 technique technique NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 222 12 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 223 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 223 2 performance performance NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 223 3 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 223 4 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 223 5 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 223 6 was be VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 223 7 also also RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 223 8 examined examine VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 223 9 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 223 10 we -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 223 11 found find VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 223 12 that that IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 223 13 although although IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 223 14 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 223 15 accuracy accuracy NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 223 16 remained remain VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 223 17 close close JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 223 18 to to IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 223 19 that that DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 223 20 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 223 21 Adam Adam NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 223 22 optimizer optimizer NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 223 23 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 223 24 there there EX cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 223 25 was be VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 223 26 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 223 27 however however RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 223 28 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 223 29 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 223 30 difference difference NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 223 31 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 223 32 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 223 33 loss loss NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 223 34 values value NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 223 35 trajectory trajectory NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 223 36 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 224 1 Figures figure NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 224 2 20 20 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 224 3 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 224 4 21 21 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 224 5 capture capture NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 224 6 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 224 7 performance performance NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 224 8 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 224 9 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 224 10 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 224 11 on on IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 224 12 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 224 13 training training NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 224 14 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 224 15 validation validation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 224 16 datasets dataset NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 224 17 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 224 18 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 224 19 cases case NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 224 20 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 224 21 loss loss NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 224 22 function function NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 224 23 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 224 24 accuracy accuracy NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 224 25 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 225 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 225 2 also also RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 225 3 exposed expose VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 225 4 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 225 5 trained train VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 225 6 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 225 7 to to IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 225 8 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 225 9 test test NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 225 10 dataset dataset NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 225 11 under under IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 225 12 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 225 13 same same JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 225 14 configuration configuration NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 225 15 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 225 16 plotted plot VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 225 17 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 225 18 confusion confusion NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 225 19 matrix matrix NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 225 20 which which WDT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 225 21 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 225 22 shown show VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 225 23 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 225 24 Figure Figure NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 225 25 22 22 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 225 26 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 226 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 226 2 outcome outcome NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 226 3 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 226 4 applying apply VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 226 5 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 226 6 confusion confusion NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 226 7 matrix matrix NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 226 8 operation operation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 226 9 on on IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 226 10 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 226 11 output output NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 226 12 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 226 13 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 226 14 prediction prediction NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 226 15 yielded yield VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 226 16 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 226 17 values value NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 226 18 below below IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 226 19 across across IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 226 20 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 226 21 classes class NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 226 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 226 23 18 18 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 226 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 226 25 found find VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 226 26 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 226 27 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 226 28 test test NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 226 29 datasets dataset NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 226 30 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 227 1 In in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 227 2 Figure figure NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 227 3 22 22 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 227 4 we -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 227 5 present present VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 227 6 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 227 7 graphical graphical JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 227 8 representation representation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 227 9 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 227 10 it -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 227 11 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 228 1 In in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 228 2 subsection subsection NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 228 3 2.3 2.3 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 228 4 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 228 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 228 6 noted note VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 228 7 that that IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 228 8 one one CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 228 9 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 228 10 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 228 11 regularization regularization NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 228 12 techniques technique NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 228 13 applied apply VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 228 14 to to IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 228 15 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 228 16 proposed propose VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 228 17 CNN CNN NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 228 18 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 228 19 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 228 20 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 228 21 Early early JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 228 22 Stopping stopping NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 228 23 technique technique NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 228 24 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 229 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 229 2 found find VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 229 3 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 229 4 application application NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 229 5 useful useful JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 229 6 as as IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 229 7 it -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 229 8 helped help VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 229 9 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 229 10 stop stop VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 229 11 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 229 12 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 229 13 once once IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 229 14 it -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 229 15 recognized recognize VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 229 16 that that DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 229 17 optimal optimal JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 229 18 performance performance NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 229 19 was be VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 229 20 attained attain VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 229 21 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 230 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 230 2 show show VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 230 3 evidence evidence NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 230 4 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 230 5 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 230 6 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 230 7 Figure Figure NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 230 8 23 23 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 230 9 where where WRB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 230 10 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 230 11 training training NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 230 12 was be VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 230 13 terminated terminate VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 230 14 at at IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 230 15 24 24 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 230 16 th th XX cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 230 17 epoch epoch NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 230 18 during during IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 230 19 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 230 20 first first JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 230 21 experiment experiment NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 230 22 where where WRB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 230 23 data datum NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 230 24 augmentation augmentation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 230 25 was be VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 230 26 not not RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 230 27 applied apply VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 230 28 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 231 1 Now now RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 231 2 that that IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 231 3 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 231 4 experimentation experimentation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 231 5 on on IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 231 6 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 231 7 proposed propose VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 231 8 CNN CNN NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 231 9 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 231 10 has have VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 231 11 been be VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 231 12 presented present VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 231 13 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 231 14 we -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 231 15 shall shall MD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 231 16 proceed proceed VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 231 17 to to IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 231 18 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 231 19 next next JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 231 20 section section NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 231 21 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 231 22 discuss discuss VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 231 23 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 231 24 performance performance NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 231 25 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 231 26 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 231 27 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 231 28 compared compare VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 231 29 with with IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 231 30 some some DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 231 31 state state NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 231 32 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 231 33 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 231 34 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 231 35 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 231 36 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 231 37 art art NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 231 38 models model NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 231 39 diagnosing diagnose VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 231 40 Covid-19 covid-19 NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 231 41 disease disease NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 231 42 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 231 43 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 232 1 CC CC NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 232 2 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 232 3 BY BY NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 232 4 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 232 5 NC NC NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 232 6 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 232 7 ND ND NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 232 8 4.0 4.0 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 232 9 International international JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 232 10 license license NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 233 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 233 2 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 233 3 made make VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 233 4 available available JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 233 5 under under IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 233 6 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 234 1 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 234 2 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 234 3 author author NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 234 4 / / SYM cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 234 5 funder funder NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 234 6 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 234 7 who who WP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 234 8 has have VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 234 9 granted grant VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 234 10 medRxiv medRxiv NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 234 11 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 234 12 license license NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 234 13 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 234 14 display display VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 234 15 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 234 16 preprint preprint NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 234 17 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 234 18 perpetuity perpetuity NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 234 19 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 235 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 235 2 copyright copyright NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 235 3 holder holder NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 235 4 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 235 5 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 235 6 preprint preprint NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 235 7 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 235 8 version version NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 235 9 posted post VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 235 10 November November NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 235 11 3 3 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 235 12 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 235 13 2020 2020 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 235 14 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 236 1 ; ; : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 236 2 In in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 236 3 Table table NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 236 4 2 2 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 236 5 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 236 6 we -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 236 7 list list VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 236 8 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 236 9 performance performance NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 236 10 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 236 11 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 236 12 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 236 13 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 236 14 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 236 15 experiments experiment NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 236 16 carried carry VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 236 17 out out RP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 236 18 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 236 19 comparison comparison NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 236 20 with with IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 236 21 similar similar JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 236 22 models model NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 236 23 adapted adapt VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 236 24 to to IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 236 25 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 236 26 purpose purpose NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 236 27 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 236 28 classification classification NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 236 29 Covid-19 covid-19 NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 236 30 disease disease NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 236 31 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 237 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 237 2 result result NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 237 3 obtained obtain VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 237 4 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 237 5 Table Table NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 237 6 2 2 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 237 7 shows show VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 237 8 that that IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 237 9 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 237 10 system system NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 237 11 achieves achieve VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 237 12 1.00 1.00 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 237 13 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 237 14 0.85 0.85 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 237 15 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 237 16 0.85 0.85 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 237 17 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 237 18 0.90 0.90 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 237 19 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 237 20 0.50 0.50 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 237 21 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 237 22 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 237 23 1.00 1.00 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 237 24 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 237 25 specificity specificity NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 237 26 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 237 27 recall recall NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 237 28 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 237 29 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 237 30 precision precision NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 237 31 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 237 32 F f NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 237 33 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 237 34 score score NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 237 35 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 237 36 AUC AUC NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 237 37 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 237 38 accuracy accuracy NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 237 39 respectively respectively RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 237 40 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 237 41 phase phase NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 237 42 one one CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 237 43 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 237 44 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 237 45 first first JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 237 46 experiment experiment NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 237 47 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 238 1 On on IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 238 2 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 238 3 other other JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 238 4 hand hand NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 238 5 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 238 6 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 238 7 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 238 8 second second JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 238 9 experimentation experimentation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 238 10 we -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 238 11 carried carry VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 238 12 out out RP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 238 13 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 238 14 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 238 15 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 238 16 yielded yield VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 238 17 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 238 18 following following NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 238 19 achieves achieve VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 238 20 : : : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 238 21 1.00 1.00 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 238 22 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 238 23 0.85 0.85 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 238 24 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 238 25 0.85 0.85 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 238 26 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 238 27 0.90 0.90 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 238 28 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 238 29 0.50 0.50 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 238 30 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 238 31 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 238 32 1.00 1.00 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 238 33 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 238 34 specificity specificity NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 238 35 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 238 36 recall recall NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 238 37 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 238 38 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 238 39 precision precision NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 238 40 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 238 41 F f NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 238 42 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 238 43 score score NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 238 44 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 238 45 AUC AUC NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 238 46 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 238 47 accuracy accuracy NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 238 48 respectively respectively RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 238 49 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 238 50 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 238 51 phase phase NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 238 52 one one CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 238 53 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 238 54 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 238 55 second second JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 238 56 experiment experiment NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 238 57 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 239 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 239 2 proposed propose VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 239 3 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 239 4 attains attain VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 239 5 an an DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 239 6 85 85 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 239 7 % % NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 239 8 value value NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 239 9 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 239 10 both both CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 239 11 precision precision NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 239 12 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 239 13 recall recall NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 239 14 which which WDT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 239 15 made make VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 239 16 it -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 239 17 useful useful JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 239 18 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 239 19 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 239 20 proposed propose VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 239 21 task task NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 239 22 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 239 23 hence hence RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 239 24 avoiding avoid VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 239 25 unnecessary unnecessary JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 239 26 false false JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 239 27 alarms alarm NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 239 28 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 240 1 F1 f1 NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 240 2 measure measure NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 240 3 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 240 4 relevant relevant JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 240 5 if if IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 240 6 we -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 240 7 are be VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 240 8 looking look VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 240 9 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 240 10 select select VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 240 11 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 240 12 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 240 13 based base VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 240 14 on on IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 240 15 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 240 16 balance balance NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 240 17 between between IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 240 18 precision precision NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 240 19 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 240 20 recall recall NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 240 21 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 240 22 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 240 23 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 240 24 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 240 25 harmonic harmonic JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 240 26 mean mean NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 240 27 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 240 28 precision precision NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 240 29 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 240 30 recall recall NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 240 31 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 240 32 gives give VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 240 33 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 240 34 better well JJR cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 240 35 measure measure NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 240 36 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 240 37 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 240 38 incorrectly incorrectly RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 240 39 classified classify VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 240 40 cases case NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 240 41 than than IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 240 42 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 240 43 accuracy accuracy NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 240 44 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 241 1 As as IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 241 2 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 241 3 result result NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 241 4 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 241 5 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 241 6 value value NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 241 7 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 241 8 0.9 0.9 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 241 9 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 241 10 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 241 11 F1-score F1-score NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 241 12 shows show VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 241 13 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 241 14 performance performance NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 241 15 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 241 16 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 241 17 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 241 18 even even RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 241 19 when when WRB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 241 20 there there EX cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 241 21 are be VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 241 22 imbalanced imbalanced JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 241 23 classes class NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 241 24 as as IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 241 25 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 241 26 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 241 27 case case NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 241 28 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 241 29 most most JJS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 241 30 real real JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 241 31 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 241 32 life life NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 241 33 classification classification NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 241 34 problems problem NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 241 35 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 242 1 Confusion confusion NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 242 2 matrix matrix NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 242 3 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 242 4 well well RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 242 5 known know VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 242 6 as as IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 242 7 an an DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 242 8 unambiguous unambiguous JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 242 9 way way NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 242 10 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 242 11 present present VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 242 12 prediction prediction NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 242 13 results result NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 242 14 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 242 15 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 242 16 classifier classifier NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 242 17 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 242 18 works work VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 242 19 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 242 20 both both CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 242 21 binary binary JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 242 22 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 242 23 multiclass multiclass VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 242 24 classification classification NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 242 25 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 243 1 When when WRB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 243 2 binary binary JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 243 3 classification classification NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 243 4 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 243 5 desired desire VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 243 6 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 243 7 confusion confusion NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 243 8 matrix matrix NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 243 9 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 243 10 usually usually RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 243 11 presented present VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 243 12 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 243 13 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 243 14 2x2 2x2 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 243 15 table table NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 243 16 showing show VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 243 17 true true JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 243 18 positive positive JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 243 19 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 243 20 true true JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 243 21 negative negative JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 243 22 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 243 23 false false JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 243 24 positive positive JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 243 25 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 243 26 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 243 27 false false JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 243 28 negative negative JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 243 29 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 244 1 However however RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 244 2 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 244 3 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 244 4 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 244 5 study study NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 244 6 which which WDT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 244 7 aims aim VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 244 8 at at IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 244 9 multiclass multiclass NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 244 10 classifications classification NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 244 11 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 244 12 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 244 13 table table NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 244 14 has have VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 244 15 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 244 16 size size NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 244 17 equal equal JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 244 18 to to IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 244 19 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 244 20 number number NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 244 21 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 244 22 classes class NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 244 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 244 24 24 24 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 244 25 ) ) -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 244 26 squared square VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 244 27 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 245 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 245 2 confusion confusion NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 245 3 matrix matrix NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 245 4 computed compute VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 245 5 by by IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 245 6 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 245 7 proposed propose VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 245 8 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 245 9 using use VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 245 10 both both CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 245 11 Adam Adam NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 245 12 SGD SGD NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 245 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 245 14 optimizers optimizer NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 245 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 245 16 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 245 17 making make VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 245 18 predictions prediction NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 245 19 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 245 20 different different JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 245 21 classes class NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 245 22 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 245 23 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 245 24 combined combined JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 245 25 dataset dataset NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 245 26 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 245 27 shown show VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 245 28 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 245 29 Figures figure NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 245 30 19 19 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 245 31 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 245 32 22 22 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 245 33 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 246 1 Generally generally RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 246 2 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 246 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 246 4 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 246 5 known know VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 246 6 that that IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 246 7 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 246 8 higher high JJR cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 246 9 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 246 10 number number NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 246 11 on on IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 246 12 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 246 13 diagonal diagonal NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 246 14 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 246 15 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 246 16 confusion confusion NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 246 17 matrix matrix NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 246 18 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 246 19 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 246 20 better well JJR cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 246 21 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 246 22 accuracy accuracy NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 246 23 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 246 24 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 246 25 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 246 26 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 247 1 Evidently evidently RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 247 2 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 247 3 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 247 4 proposed propose VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 247 5 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 247 6 achieved achieve VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 247 7 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 247 8 good good JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 247 9 performance performance NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 247 10 with with IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 247 11 respect respect NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 247 12 to to IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 247 13 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 247 14 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 248 1 One one CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 248 2 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 248 3 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 248 4 most most RBS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 248 5 useful useful JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 248 6 metrics metric NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 248 7 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 248 8 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 248 9 classification_report classification_report NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 248 10 which which WDT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 248 11 combines combine VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 248 12 several several JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 248 13 measures measure NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 248 14 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 248 15 prints print VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 248 16 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 248 17 table table NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 248 18 with with IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 248 19 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 248 20 results result NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 248 21 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 249 1 Further further RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 249 2 to to IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 249 3 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 249 4 presentation presentation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 249 5 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 249 6 comparison comparison NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 249 7 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 249 8 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 249 9 performance performance NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 249 10 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 249 11 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 249 12 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 249 13 using use VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 249 14 metrics metric NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 249 15 like like IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 249 16 specificity specificity NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 249 17 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 249 18 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 249 19 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 249 20 recall recall NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 249 21 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 249 22 precision precision NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 249 23 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 249 24 F f NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 249 25 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 249 26 score score NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 249 27 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 249 28 AUC AUC NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 249 29 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 249 30 others other NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 249 31 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 249 32 we -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 249 33 use use VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 249 34 Table Table NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 249 35 3 3 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 249 36 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 249 37 show show VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 249 38 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 249 39 performance performance NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 249 40 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 249 41 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 249 42 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 249 43 with with IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 249 44 others other NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 249 45 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 249 46 terms term NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 249 47 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 249 48 accuracy accuracy NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 249 49 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 249 50 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 250 1 CC CC NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 250 2 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 250 3 BY BY NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 250 4 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 250 5 NC NC NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 250 6 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 250 7 ND ND NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 250 8 4.0 4.0 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 250 9 International international JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 250 10 license license NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 251 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 251 2 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 251 3 made make VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 251 4 available available JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 251 5 under under IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 251 6 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 252 1 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 252 2 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 252 3 author author NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 252 4 / / SYM cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 252 5 funder funder NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 252 6 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 252 7 who who WP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 252 8 has have VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 252 9 granted grant VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 252 10 medRxiv medRxiv NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 252 11 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 252 12 license license NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 252 13 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 252 14 display display VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 252 15 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 252 16 preprint preprint NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 252 17 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 252 18 perpetuity perpetuity NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 252 19 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 253 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 253 2 which which WDT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 253 3 was be VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 253 4 not not RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 253 5 certified certify VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 253 6 by by IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 253 7 peer peer NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 253 8 review review NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 253 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 254 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 254 2 copyright copyright NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 254 3 holder holder NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 254 4 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 254 5 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 254 6 preprint preprint NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 254 7 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 254 8 version version NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 254 9 posted post VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 254 10 November November NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 254 11 3 3 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 254 12 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 254 13 2020 2020 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 254 14 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 255 1 ; ; : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 255 2 https://doi.org/10.1101/2020 https://doi.org/10.1101/2020 NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 255 3 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 256 1 10 10 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 257 1 Panwar Panwar NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 257 2 et et FW cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 257 3 al al NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 257 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 257 5 11 11 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 257 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 258 1 nCOVnet nCOVnet NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 258 2 Chest Chest NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 258 3 X X NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 258 4 - - NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 258 5 Ray Ray NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 258 6 Images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 258 7 97.00 97.00 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 258 8 % % NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 259 1 Considering consider VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 259 2 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 259 3 performance performance NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 259 4 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 259 5 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 259 6 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 259 7 from from IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 259 8 Table Table NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 259 9 3 3 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 259 10 compared compare VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 259 11 with with IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 259 12 other other JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 259 13 similar similar JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 259 14 studies study NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 259 15 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 259 16 we -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 259 17 conclude conclude VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 259 18 that that IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 259 19 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 259 20 study study NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 259 21 outperforms outperform VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 259 22 state state NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 259 23 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 259 24 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 259 25 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 259 26 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 259 27 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 259 28 art art NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 259 29 deep deep JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 259 30 learning learning NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 259 31 models model NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 259 32 aimed aim VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 259 33 at at IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 259 34 detecting detect VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 259 35 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 259 36 classifying classify VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 259 37 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 259 38 novel novel JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 259 39 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 259 40 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 260 1 This this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 260 2 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 260 3 readily readily RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 260 4 seen see VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 260 5 from from IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 260 6 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 260 7 performances performance NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 260 8 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 260 9 each each DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 260 10 study study NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 260 11 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 261 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 261 2 note note VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 261 3 that that IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 261 4 only only RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 261 5 Ko Ko NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 261 6 et et NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 261 7 al al NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 261 8 [ [ -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 261 9 10 10 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 261 10 ] ] -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 261 11 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 261 12 Panwar Panwar NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 261 13 et et FW cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 261 14 al al NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 261 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 261 16 11 11 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 261 17 ] ] -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 261 18 who who WP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 261 19 used use VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 261 20 fast fast JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 261 21 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 261 22 track track NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 261 23 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 261 24 classification classification NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 261 25 network network NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 261 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 261 27 FCONet FCONet NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 261 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 261 29 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 261 30 nCOVnet ncovnet NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 261 31 respectively respectively RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 261 32 have have VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 261 33 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 261 34 models model NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 261 35 ' ' POS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 261 36 performances performance NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 261 37 competing compete VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 261 38 with with IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 261 39 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 261 40 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 261 41 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 262 1 This this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 262 2 study study NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 262 3 has have VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 262 4 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 262 5 therefore therefore RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 262 6 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 262 7 successfully successfully RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 262 8 advanced advanced JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 262 9 research research NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 262 10 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 262 11 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 262 12 areas area NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 262 13 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 262 14 detection detection NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 262 15 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 262 16 classification classification NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 262 17 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 262 18 COVId-19 COVId-19 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 262 19 using use VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 262 20 deep deep JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 262 21 learning learning NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 262 22 models model NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 262 23 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 263 1 In in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 263 2 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 263 3 paper paper NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 263 4 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 263 5 deep deep JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 263 6 learning learning NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 263 7 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 263 8 based base VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 263 9 on on IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 263 10 CNN CNN NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 263 11 was be VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 263 12 designed design VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 263 13 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 263 14 implemented implement VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 263 15 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 263 16 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 263 17 purpose purpose NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 263 18 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 263 19 detecting detect VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 263 20 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 263 21 classifying classify VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 263 22 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 263 23 presence presence NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 263 24 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 263 25 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 263 26 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 263 27 chest chest NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 263 28 X X NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 263 29 - - NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 263 30 rays ray NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 263 31 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 263 32 CT CT NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 263 33 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 263 34 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 264 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 264 2 applied apply VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 264 3 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 264 4 proposed propose VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 264 5 CNN CNN NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 264 6 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 264 7 to to IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 264 8 two two CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 264 9 publicly publicly RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 264 10 available available JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 264 11 datasets dataset NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 264 12 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 264 13 namely namely RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 264 14 COVID-19 covid-19 VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 264 15 chest chest NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 264 16 X x NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 264 17 - - NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 264 18 ray ray NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 264 19 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 264 20 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 264 21 NIH NIH NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 264 22 chest chest NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 264 23 X x NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 264 24 - - NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 264 25 ray ray NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 264 26 databases database NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 264 27 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 265 1 In in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 265 2 addition addition NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 265 3 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 265 4 we -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 265 5 enhanced enhance VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 265 6 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 265 7 performance performance NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 265 8 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 265 9 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 265 10 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 265 11 by by IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 265 12 applying apply VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 265 13 it -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 265 14 to to IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 265 15 some some DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 265 16 regularization regularization NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 265 17 techniques technique NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 265 18 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 266 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 266 2 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 266 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 266 4 investigated investigate VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 266 5 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 266 6 performance performance NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 266 7 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 266 8 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 266 9 proposed propose VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 266 10 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 266 11 by by IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 266 12 juxtaposing juxtapose VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 266 13 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 266 14 use use NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 266 15 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 266 16 optimizer optimizer NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 266 17 between between IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 266 18 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 266 19 popular popular JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 266 20 Adam Adam NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 266 21 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 266 22 SGD SGD NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 266 23 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 267 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 267 2 result result NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 267 3 obtained obtain VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 267 4 revealed reveal VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 267 5 that that IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 267 6 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 267 7 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 267 8 achieved achieve VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 267 9 100 100 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 267 10 % % NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 267 11 accuracy accuracy NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 267 12 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 267 13 classifying classify VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 267 14 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 267 15 novel novel JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 267 16 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 267 17 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 268 1 With with IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 268 2 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 268 3 exponential exponential JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 268 4 increase increase NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 268 5 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 268 6 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 268 7 reported report VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 268 8 cases case NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 268 9 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 268 10 treatments treatment NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 268 11 around around IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 268 12 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 268 13 globe globe NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 268 14 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 268 15 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 268 16 volume volume NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 268 17 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 268 18 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 268 19 datasets dataset NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 268 20 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 268 21 being be VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 268 22 created create VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 268 23 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 268 24 archived archive VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 268 25 daily daily RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 268 26 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 269 1 Therefore therefore RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 269 2 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 269 3 future future JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 269 4 studies study NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 269 5 could could MD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 269 6 focus focus VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 269 7 on on IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 269 8 advancing advance VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 269 9 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 269 10 architecture architecture NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 269 11 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 269 12 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 269 13 proposed propose VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 269 14 deep deep JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 269 15 learning learning NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 269 16 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 269 17 presented present VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 269 18 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 269 19 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 269 20 paper paper NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 269 21 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 269 22 most most RBS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 269 23 importantly importantly RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 269 24 investing invest VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 269 25 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 269 26 robustness robustness NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 269 27 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 269 28 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 269 29 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 269 30 on on IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 269 31 some some DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 269 32 large large JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 269 33 scale scale NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 269 34 datasets dataset NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 269 35 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 270 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 270 2 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 270 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 270 4 will will MD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 270 5 also also RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 270 6 be be VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 270 7 interesting interesting JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 270 8 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 270 9 see see VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 270 10 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 270 11 deployment deployment NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 270 12 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 270 13 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 270 14 trained train VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 270 15 CNN CNN NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 270 16 based base VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 270 17 deep deep JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 270 18 learning learning NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 270 19 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 270 20 to to IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 270 21 both both DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 270 22 web web NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 270 23 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 270 24 Android Android NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 270 25 applications application NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 270 26 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 270 27 clinical clinical JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 270 28 utilization utilization NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 270 29 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 271 1 Sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 271 2 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 271 3 Chest Chest NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 271 4 CT CT NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 271 5 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 271 6 COVID-19 covid-19 NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 271 7 : : : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 271 8 Comparison comparison NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 271 9 to to IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 271 10 RT RT NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 271 11 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 271 12 PCR PCR NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 271 13 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 271 14 Image Image NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 271 15 Data Data NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 271 16 Collection Collection NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 272 1 : : : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 272 2 Prospective prospective JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 272 3 Predictions prediction NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 272 4 Are be VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 272 5 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 272 6 Future future JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 272 7 ChestX chestx NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 272 8 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 272 9 ray8 ray8 NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 272 10 : : : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 272 11 Hospital hospital NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 272 12 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 272 13 scale scale NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 272 14 Chest chest NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 272 15 X x NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 272 16 - - NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 272 17 ray ray NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 272 18 Database database NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 272 19 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 272 20 Benchmarks Benchmarks NNPS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 272 21 on on IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 272 22 Weakly weakly RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 272 23 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 272 24 Supervised Supervised NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 272 25 Classification Classification NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 272 26 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 272 27 Localization Localization NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 272 28 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 272 29 Common Common NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 272 30 Thorax Thorax NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 272 31 Diseases Diseases NNPS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 272 32 Automated automate VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 272 33 detection detection NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 272 34 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 272 35 COVID19 covid19 NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 272 36 cases case NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 272 37 using use VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 272 38 deep deep JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 272 39 neural neural JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 272 40 networks network NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 272 41 with with IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 272 42 X x NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 272 43 - - NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 272 44 ray ray NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 272 45 images image VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 272 46 COVID COVID NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 272 47 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 272 48 Net net NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 272 49 : : : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 273 1 A a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 273 2 tailored tailor VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 273 3 deep deep JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 273 4 convolutional convolutional NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 273 5 neural neural JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 273 6 network network NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 273 7 design design NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 273 8 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 273 9 detection detection NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 273 10 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 273 11 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 273 12 cases case NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 273 13 from from IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 273 14 chest chest NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 273 15 radiography radiography NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 273 16 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 1 Covid-19 Covid-19 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 2 : : : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 3 automatic automatic JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 4 detection detection NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 5 from from IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 6 x x NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 7 - - NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 8 ray ray NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 9 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 10 utilizing utilize VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 11 transfer transfer NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 12 learning learn VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 13 with with IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 14 convolutional convolutional JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 15 neural neural JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 16 networks network NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 17 Coronet Coronet NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 18 : : : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 19 A a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 20 deep deep JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 21 neural neural JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 22 network network NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 23 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 24 detection detection NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 25 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 26 diagnosis diagnosis NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 27 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 28 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 29 from from IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 30 chest chest NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 31 x x NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 32 - - NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 33 ray ray NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 34 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 35 Unveiling unveil VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 36 COVID-19 covid-19 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 37 from from IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 38 Chest Chest NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 39 X x NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 40 - - NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 41 ray ray NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 42 with with IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 43 deep deep JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 44 learning learning NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 45 : : : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 46 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 47 hurdles hurdle NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 48 race race NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 49 with with IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 50 small small JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 51 data datum NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 52 Deep Deep NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 53 Learning Learning NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 54 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 55 Based Based NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 56 Decision decision NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 57 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 58 Tree Tree NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 59 Classifier Classifier NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 60 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 61 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 62 Diagnosis Diagnosis NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 63 From from IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 64 Chest Chest NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 65 X x NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 66 - - NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 67 ray ray NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 68 Imaging Imaging NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 69 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 70 Pneumonia Pneumonia NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 71 Diagnosis Diagnosis NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 72 Using use VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 73 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 74 Simple simple JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 75 2D 2d NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 76 Deep Deep NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 77 Learning Learning NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 78 Framework Framework NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 79 With with IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 80 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 81 Single Single NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 82 Chest Chest NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 83 CT CT NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 84 Image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 85 : : : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 86 Model Model NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 87 Development Development NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 88 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 89 Validation Validation NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 90 Application Application NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 91 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 92 deep deep JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 93 learning learning NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 94 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 95 fast fast JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 96 detection detection NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 97 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 98 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 99 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 100 X X NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 101 - - NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 102 Rays ray NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 103 using use VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 104 nCOVnet ncovnet NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 274 105 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 1 Chaos chaos NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 2 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 3 Solitons Solitons NNPS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 4 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 5 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 6 Fractals Fractals NNPS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 7 A a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 8 survey survey NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 9 on on IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 10 Image Image NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 11 Data Data NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 12 Augmentation Augmentation NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 13 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 14 Deep Deep NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 15 Learning Learning NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 16 Preprocessing Preprocessing NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 17 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 18 image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 19 classification classification NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 20 by by IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 21 convolutional convolutional JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 22 neural neural JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 23 networks network NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 24 Image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 25 enhancement enhancement NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 26 effect effect NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 27 on on IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 28 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 29 performance performance NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 30 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 31 convolutional convolutional JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 32 neural neural JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 33 networks network NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 34 Image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 35 Processing Processing NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 36 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 37 Computer Computer NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 38 Vision Vision NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 39 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 40 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 41 DeepLearning DeepLearning NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 42 : : : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 43 new new JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 44 approaches approach NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 45 to to IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 46 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 47 analysis analysis NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 48 andphysics andphysic NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 49 interpretation interpretation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 50 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 51 LHC LHC NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 52 events event NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 53 Investigation Investigation NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 54 on on IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 55 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 56 effect effect NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 57 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 58 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 59 Gaussian Gaussian NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 60 Blur Blur NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 61 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 62 image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 63 filtering filtering NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 64 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 65 segmentation segmentation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 66 OVERVIEW overview NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 67 OF of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 68 DIFFERENT different JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 69 THRESHOLDING thresholding NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 70 METHODS methods NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 71 IN in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 72 IMAGE image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 73 PROCESSING processing NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 275 74 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 276 1 TEQIP TEQIP NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 276 2 Sponsored Sponsored NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 276 3 3rd 3rd NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 276 4 National National NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 276 5 Conference Conference NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 276 6 on on IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 276 7 ETACC ETACC NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 276 8 Various various JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 276 9 Image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 276 10 Segmentation segmentation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 276 11 Techniques technique NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 276 12 : : : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 276 13 A a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 276 14 Review Review NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 276 15 Regularization Regularization NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 276 16 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 276 17 Deep deep JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 276 18 Learning learning NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 276 19 : : : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 277 1 A a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 277 2 Taxonomy taxonomy NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 278 1 A a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 278 2 Comparison comparison NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 278 3 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 278 4 Regularization Regularization NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 278 5 Techniques Techniques NNPS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 278 6 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 278 7 Deep deep JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 278 8 Neural Neural NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 278 9 Networks Networks NNPS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 278 10 ImageNet ImageNet NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 278 11 Classification Classification NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 278 12 with with IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 278 13 Deep Deep NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 278 14 Convolutional Convolutional NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 278 15 Neural Neural NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 278 16 Networks Networks NNPS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 279 1 Very very RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 279 2 Deep Deep NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 279 3 Convolutional Convolutional NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 279 4 Networks Networks NNPS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 279 5 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 279 6 Large large JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 279 7 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 279 8 Scale scale NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 279 9 Image image NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 279 10 Recognition recognition NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 279 11 Xception xception NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 279 12 : : : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 280 1 Deep deep JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 280 2 Learning learn VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 280 3 with with IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 280 4 Depthwise Depthwise NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 280 5 Separable Separable NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 280 6 Convolutions Convolutions NNPS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 280 7 COVID COVID NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 280 8 faster fast RBR cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 280 9 R R NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 280 10 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 280 11 CNN CNN NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 280 12 : : : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 281 1 A a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 281 2 novel novel JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 281 3 framework framework NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 281 4 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 281 5 Diagnose diagnose VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 281 6 Novel Novel NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 281 7 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 281 8 Disease Disease NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 281 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 281 10 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 281 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 281 12 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 281 13 X X NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 281 14 - - NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 281 15 Ray Ray NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 281 16 images image VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 281 17 A a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 281 18 case case NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 281 19 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 281 20 based base VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 281 21 reasoning reasoning NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 281 22 framework framework NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 281 23 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 281 24 early early JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 281 25 detection detection NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 281 26 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 281 27 diagnosis diagnosis NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 281 28 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 281 29 novel novel JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 281 30 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 281 31 Classification Classification NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 281 32 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 281 33 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 281 34 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 281 35 chest chest NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 281 36 X x NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 281 37 - - NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 281 38 ray ray NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 281 39 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 281 40 using use VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 281 41 DeTraC DeTraC NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 281 42 deep deep JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 281 43 convolutional convolutional NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 281 44 neural neural JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 281 45 network network NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 281 46 Prediction Prediction NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 281 47 models model NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 281 48 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 281 49 diagnosis diagnosis NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 281 50 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 281 51 prognosis prognosis NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 281 52 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 281 53 covid-19 covid-19 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 281 54 infection infection NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 281 55 : : : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 281 56 systematic systematic JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 281 57 review review NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 281 58 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 281 59 critical critical JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 281 60 appraisal appraisal NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 282 1 An an DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 282 2 interactive interactive JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 282 3 web web NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 282 4 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 282 5 based base VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 282 6 dashboard dashboard NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 282 7 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 282 8 track track VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 282 9 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 282 10 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 282 11 real real JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 282 12 time time NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 282 13 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 283 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 283 2 Lancet Lancet NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 283 3 infectious infectious JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 283 4 diseases disease NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 284 1 A a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 284 2 Machine Machine NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 284 3 Learning Learning NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 284 4 Solution Solution NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 284 5 Framework Framework NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 284 6 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 284 7 Combatting Combatting NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 284 8 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 284 9 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 284 10 Smart Smart NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 284 11 Cities Cities NNPS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 284 12 from from IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 284 13 Multiple Multiple NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 284 14 Dimensions Dimensions NNPS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 284 15 Applications Applications NNPS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 284 16 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 284 17 machine machine NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 284 18 learning learning NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 284 19 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 284 20 artificial artificial JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 284 21 intelligence intelligence NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 284 22 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 284 23 Covid-19 Covid-19 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 284 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 284 25 SARS SARS NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 284 26 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 284 27 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 284 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 284 29 pandemic pandemic NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 284 30 : : : cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 1 A a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 2 review review NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 3 Deep Deep NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 4 Convolutional Convolutional NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 5 Neural Neural NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 6 Networks Networks NNPS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 7 based base VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 8 Classification classification NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 9 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 10 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 11 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 12 Infected Infected NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 13 Patients Patients NNPS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 14 using use VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 15 Chest chest NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 16 X x NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 17 - - NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 18 ray ray NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 19 Images Images NNPS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 20 Classification Classification NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 21 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 22 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 23 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 24 infected infected JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 25 patients patient NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 26 using use VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 27 DenseNet201 DenseNet201 NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 28 based base VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 29 deep deep JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 30 transfer transfer NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 31 learning learn VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 32 Classification Classification NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 33 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 34 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 35 patients patient NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 36 from from IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 37 chest chest NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 38 CT CT NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 39 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 40 using use VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 41 multi multi JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 42 - - JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 43 objective objective JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 44 differential differential JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 45 evolution evolution NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 46 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 47 based base VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 48 convolutional convolutional NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 49 neural neural JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 50 networks network NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 51 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 52 ( ( -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 53 covid-19 covid-19 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 54 ) ) -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 55 classification classification NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 56 using use VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 57 ct ct NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 58 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 59 by by IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 60 machine machine NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 61 learning learning NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 62 methods method NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 63 Automatic Automatic NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 64 Detection Detection NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 65 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 66 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 67 Using use VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 68 X x NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 69 - - NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 70 ray ray NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 71 Images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 72 with with IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 73 Deep Deep NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 74 Convolutional Convolutional NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 75 Neural Neural NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 76 Networks Networks NNPS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 77 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 78 Machine Machine NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 79 Learning Learning NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 80 Classification Classification NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 81 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 82 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 83 from from IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 84 Chest Chest NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 85 X x NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 86 - - NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 87 ray ray NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 88 images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 89 using use VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 90 Deep Deep NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 91 Convolutional Convolutional NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 92 Neural Neural NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 285 93 Networks Networks NNPS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 286 1 Weakly weakly RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 286 2 Supervised supervise VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 286 3 Deep Deep NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 286 4 Learning learn VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 286 5 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 286 6 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 286 7 Infection Infection NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 286 8 Detection Detection NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 286 9 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 286 10 Classification Classification NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 286 11 from from IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 286 12 CT CT NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 286 13 Images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 287 1 Fast Fast NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 287 2 Deep Deep NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 287 3 Learning Learning NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 287 4 Computer Computer NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 287 5 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 287 6 Aided Aided NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 287 7 Diagnosis Diagnosis NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 287 8 against against IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 287 9 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 287 10 Novel Novel NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 287 11 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 287 12 pandemic pandemic NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 287 13 from from IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 287 14 Digital Digital NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 287 15 Chest Chest NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 287 16 X x NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 287 17 - - NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 287 18 ray ray NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 287 19 Images image NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 288 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 288 2 experimental experimental JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 288 3 results result NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 288 4 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 288 5 multiclass multiclass NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 288 6 classification classification NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 288 7 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 288 8 four four CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 288 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 288 10 4 4 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 288 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 288 12 experimental experimental JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 288 13 scenarios scenario NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 288 14 show show VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 288 15 that that IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 288 16 most most JJS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 288 17 scenarios scenario NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 288 18 have have VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 288 19 more more JJR cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 288 20 than than IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 288 21 99 99 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 288 22 % % NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 288 23 accuracy accuracy NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 288 24 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 289 1 To to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 289 2 evaluate evaluate VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 289 3 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 289 4 performance performance NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 289 5 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 289 6 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 289 7 proposed propose VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 289 8 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 289 9 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 289 10 we -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 289 11 calculate calculate VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 289 12 accuracy accuracy NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 289 13 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 289 14 sensitivity sensitivity NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 289 15 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 289 16 specificity specificity NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 289 17 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 289 18 precision precision NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 289 19 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 289 20 recall recall NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 289 21 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 289 22 F1-score F1-score NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 289 23 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 289 24 Cohen Cohen NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 289 25 's 's POS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 289 26 Kappa Kappa NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 289 27 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 289 28 ROC ROC NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 289 29 AUC AUC NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 289 30 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 289 31 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 289 32 confusion confusion NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 289 33 matrix matrix NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 289 34 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 290 1 In in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 290 2 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 290 3 following following JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 290 4 paragraphs paragraph NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 290 5 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 290 6 we -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 290 7 briefly briefly RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 290 8 outline outline VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 290 9 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 290 10 metrics metric NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 290 11 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 290 12 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 290 13 relevance relevance NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 290 14 to to IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 290 15 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 290 16 classification classification NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 290 17 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 290 18 novel novel JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 290 19 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 290 20 disease disease NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 290 21 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 291 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 291 2 computational computational JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 291 3 metric metric JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 291 4 precision precision NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 291 5 checks check NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 291 6 what what WDT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 291 7 proportion proportion NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 291 8 or or CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 291 9 quantity quantity NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 291 10 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 291 11 positive positive JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 291 12 identifications identification NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 291 13 achieved achieve VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 291 14 by by IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 291 15 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 291 16 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 291 17 were be VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 291 18 actually actually RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 291 19 correct correct JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 291 20 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 291 21 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 291 22 given give VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 291 23 by by IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 292 1 equation equation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 292 2 3.On 3.on CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 293 1 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 293 2 other other JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 293 3 hand hand NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 293 4 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 293 5 recall recall VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 293 6 checks check VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 293 7 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 293 8 number number NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 293 9 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 293 10 actual actual JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 293 11 positive positive JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 293 12 cases case NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 293 13 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 293 14 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 293 15 datasets dataset NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 293 16 which which WDT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 293 17 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 293 18 proposed propose VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 293 19 CNN CNN NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 293 20 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 293 21 was be VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 293 22 able able JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 293 23 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 293 24 correctly correctly RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 293 25 identify identify VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 293 26 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 294 1 This this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 294 2 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 294 3 given give VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 294 4 by by IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 294 5 equation equation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 294 6 4.Evaluating 4.evaluate VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 294 7 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 294 8 effectiveness effectiveness NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 294 9 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 294 10 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 294 11 CNN CNN NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 294 12 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 294 13 requires require VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 294 14 that that IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 294 15 we -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 294 16 examine examine VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 294 17 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 294 18 performance performance NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 294 19 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 294 20 terms term NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 294 21 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 294 22 precision precision NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 294 23 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 294 24 recall recall NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 294 25 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 294 26 hence hence RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 294 27 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 294 28 need need NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 294 29 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 294 30 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 294 31 computation computation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 294 32 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 294 33 these these DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 294 34 metrics metric NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 294 35 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 295 1 Furthermore furthermore RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 295 2 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 295 3 we -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 295 4 examined examine VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 295 5 another another DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 295 6 metric metric JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 295 7 known know VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 295 8 as as IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 295 9 F1 F1 NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 295 10 Score Score NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 295 11 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 296 1 This this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 296 2 metric metric NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 296 3 expresses express VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 296 4 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 296 5 balance balance NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 296 6 between between IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 296 7 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 296 8 precision precision NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 296 9 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 296 10 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 296 11 recall recall NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 296 12 described describe VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 296 13 above above RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 296 14 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 296 15 helps help VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 296 16 us -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 296 17 decide decide VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 296 18 whether whether IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 296 19 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 296 20 performance performance NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 296 21 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 296 22 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 296 23 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 296 24 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 296 25 based base VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 296 26 on on IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 296 27 precision precision NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 296 28 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 296 29 recall recall NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 296 30 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 297 1 We -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 297 2 give give VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 297 3 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 297 4 equation equation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 297 5 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 297 6 F1 f1 NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 297 7 score score NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 297 8 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 297 9 equation equation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 297 10 5.In 5.in CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 297 11 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 297 12 study study NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 297 13 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 297 14 we -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 297 15 chose choose VBD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 297 16 an an DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 297 17 under under NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 297 18 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 297 19 utilized utilize VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 297 20 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 297 21 though though IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 297 22 effective effective JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 297 23 at at IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 297 24 multiclass multiclass NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 297 25 classification classification NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 297 26 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 297 27 metric metric JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 297 28 known know VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 297 29 as as IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 297 30 Cohen Cohen NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 297 31 's 's POS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 297 32 Kappa Kappa NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 297 33 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 298 1 This this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 298 2 metric metric NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 298 3 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 298 4 robust robust JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 298 5 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 298 6 handling handle VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 298 7 imbalanced imbalanced JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 298 8 class class NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 298 9 problems problem NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 298 10 as as IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 298 11 may may MD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 298 12 be be VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 298 13 seen see VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 298 14 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 298 15 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 298 16 datasets dataset NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 298 17 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 299 1 In in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 299 2 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 299 3 multiclass multiclass NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 299 4 classification classification NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 299 5 problem problem NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 299 6 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 299 7 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 299 8 metric metric NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 299 9 provides provide VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 299 10 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 299 11 wider wide JJR cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 299 12 view view NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 299 13 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 299 14 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 299 15 performance performance NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 299 16 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 299 17 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 299 18 classification classification NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 299 19 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 299 20 compared compare VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 299 21 to to IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 299 22 accuracy accuracy NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 299 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 299 24 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 299 25 equation equation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 299 26 6 6 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 299 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 299 28 or or CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 299 29 precision precision NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 299 30 / / SYM cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 299 31 recall recall NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 299 32 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 300 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 300 2 metric metric NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 300 3 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 300 4 represented represent VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 300 5 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 300 6 equation equation NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 300 7 7.The 7.the CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 300 8 receiver receiver NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 300 9 operating operating NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 300 10 characteristic characteristic NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 300 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 300 12 ROC ROC NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 300 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 300 14 curve curve NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 300 15 expresses express VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 300 16 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 300 17 performance performance NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 300 18 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 300 19 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 300 20 classification classification NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 300 21 ( ( -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 300 22 CNN CNN NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 300 23 ) ) -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 300 24 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 300 25 using use VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 300 26 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 300 27 graphical graphical JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 300 28 approach approach NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 300 29 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 300 30 does do VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 300 31 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 300 32 at at IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 300 33 all all DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 300 34 classification classification NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 300 35 thresholds threshold NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 300 36 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 301 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 301 2 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 301 3 able able JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 301 4 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 301 5 achieve achieve VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 301 6 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 301 7 by by IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 301 8 graphing graph VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 301 9 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 301 10 True True NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 301 11 Positive positive JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 301 12 Rate rate NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 301 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 301 14 TPR TPR NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 301 15 ) ) -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 301 16 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 301 17 False false JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 301 18 Positive positive JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 301 19 Rate rate NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 301 20 ( ( -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 301 21 FPR FPR NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 301 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 301 23 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 302 1 The the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 302 2 metric metric NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 302 3 gives give VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 302 4 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 302 5 summary summary NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 302 6 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 302 7 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 302 8 performance performance NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 302 9 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 302 10 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 302 11 classifier classifier NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 302 12 over over IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 302 13 all all DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 302 14 possible possible JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 302 15 thresholds threshold NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 302 16 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 303 1 Similar similar JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 303 2 to to IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 303 3 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 303 4 ROC ROC NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 303 5 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 303 6 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 303 7 area area NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 303 8 under under IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 303 9 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 303 10 ROC ROC NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 303 11 curve curve NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 303 12 ( ( -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 303 13 AUC AUC NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 303 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 303 15 which which WDT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 303 16 examines examine VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 303 17 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 303 18 entire entire JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 303 19 two two CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 303 20 - - HYPH cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 303 21 dimensional dimensional JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 303 22 area area NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 303 23 underneath underneath IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 303 24 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 303 25 entire entire JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 303 26 ROC ROC NNP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 303 27 curve curve NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 303 28 which which WDT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 303 29 covers cover VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 303 30 from from IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 303 31 ( ( -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 303 32 0,0 0,0 NFP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 303 33 ) ) -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 303 34 to to IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 303 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 303 36 1 1 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 303 37 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 303 38 1 1 CD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 303 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 303 40 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 304 1 This this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 304 2 metric metric NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 304 3 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 304 4 effective effective JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 304 5 at at IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 304 6 checking check VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 304 7 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 304 8 proper proper JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 304 9 / / SYM cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 304 10 wellness wellness NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 304 11 and and CC cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 304 12 quality quality NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 304 13 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 304 14 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 304 15 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 304 16 's 's POS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 304 17 prediction prediction NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 304 18 performance performance NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 304 19 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 305 1 Finally finally RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 305 2 for for IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 305 3 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 305 4 description description NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 305 5 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 305 6 our -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 305 7 metrics metric NNS cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 305 8 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 305 9 we -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 305 10 have have VBP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 305 11 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 305 12 confusion confusion NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 305 13 matrix matrix NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 305 14 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 306 1 Whereas whereas IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 306 2 accuracy accuracy NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 306 3 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 306 4 a a DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 306 5 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 306 6 may may MD cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 306 7 seem seem VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 306 8 appealing appeal VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 306 9 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 306 10 some some DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 306 11 sense sense NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 306 12 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 306 13 it -PRON- PRP cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 306 14 is be VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 306 15 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 306 16 however however RB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 306 17 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 306 18 limited limit VBN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 306 19 by by IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 306 20 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 306 21 inability inability NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 306 22 to to TO cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 306 23 give give VB cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 306 24 detail detail NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 306 25 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 306 26 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 306 27 performance performance NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 306 28 of of IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 306 29 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 306 30 classification classification NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 306 31 model model NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 306 32 . . . cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 307 1 On on IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 307 2 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 307 3 other other JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 307 4 hand hand NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 307 5 , , , cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 307 6 confusion confusion NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 307 7 matrix matrix NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 307 8 presents present VBZ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 307 9 this this DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 307 10 detail detail NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 307 11 by by IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 307 12 presenting present VBG cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 307 13 the the DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 307 14 prediction prediction NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 307 15 result result NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 307 16 in in IN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 307 17 an an DT cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 307 18 unambiguous unambiguous JJ cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 307 19 manner manner NN cord-330239-l8fp8cvz 307 20 . . .