id sid tid token lemma pos cord-330553-sukrjl22 1 1 key key NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 1 2 : : : cord-330553-sukrjl22 1 3 cord-330553-sukrjl22 cord-330553-sukrjl22 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 1 4 authors author NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 1 5 : : : cord-330553-sukrjl22 1 6 Stonedahl Stonedahl NNPS cord-330553-sukrjl22 1 7 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 1 8 Sarah Sarah NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 1 9 ; ; : cord-330553-sukrjl22 1 10 Clarke Clarke NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 1 11 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 1 12 Penny Penny NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 1 13 ; ; : cord-330553-sukrjl22 1 14 Tyler Tyler NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 1 15 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 1 16 Kenneth Kenneth NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 1 17 L. L. NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 1 18 title title NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 1 19 : : : cord-330553-sukrjl22 2 1 The the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 2 2 Role role NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 2 3 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 2 4 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 2 5 during during IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 2 6 West West NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 2 7 Nile Nile NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 2 8 Virus Virus NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 2 9 Infection Infection NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 2 10 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 2 11 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 2 12 Central Central NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 2 13 Nervous Nervous NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 2 14 System System NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 2 15 date date NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 2 16 : : : cord-330553-sukrjl22 2 17 2020 2020 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 2 18 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 2 19 08 08 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 2 20 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 2 21 28 28 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 2 22 journal journal NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 2 23 : : : cord-330553-sukrjl22 3 1 Vaccines vaccine NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 3 2 ( ( -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 3 3 Basel Basel NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 3 4 ) ) -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 3 5 DOI DOI NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 3 6 : : : cord-330553-sukrjl22 3 7 10.3390 10.3390 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 3 8 / / SYM cord-330553-sukrjl22 3 9 vaccines8030485 vaccines8030485 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 3 10 sha sha NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 3 11 : : : cord-330553-sukrjl22 3 12 20406e3005ca77a7a43c3d486869e3f740e87cc7 20406e3005ca77a7a43c3d486869e3f740e87cc7 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 3 13 doc_id doc_id NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 3 14 : : : cord-330553-sukrjl22 3 15 330553 330553 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 3 16 cord_uid cord_uid NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 3 17 : : : cord-330553-sukrjl22 4 1 sukrjl22 sukrjl22 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 4 2 Encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 4 3 resulting result VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 4 4 from from IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 4 5 viral viral JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 4 6 infections infection NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 4 7 is be VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 4 8 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 4 9 major major JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 4 10 cause cause NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 4 11 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 4 12 hospitalization hospitalization NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 4 13 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 4 14 death death NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 4 15 worldwide worldwide RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 4 16 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 5 1 West West NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 5 2 Nile Nile NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 5 3 Virus Virus NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 5 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 5 5 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 5 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 5 7 is be VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 5 8 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 5 9 substantial substantial JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 5 10 health health NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 5 11 concern concern NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 5 12 as as IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 5 13 it -PRON- PRP cord-330553-sukrjl22 5 14 is be VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 5 15 one one CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 5 16 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 5 17 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 5 18 leading lead VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 5 19 causes cause NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 5 20 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 5 21 viral viral JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 5 22 encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 5 23 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 5 24 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 5 25 United United NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 5 26 States States NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 5 27 today today NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 5 28 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 6 1 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 6 2 infiltrates infiltrate VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 6 3 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 6 4 central central JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 6 5 nervous nervous JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 6 6 system system NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 6 7 ( ( -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 6 8 CNS CNS NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 6 9 ) ) -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 6 10 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 6 11 where where WRB cord-330553-sukrjl22 6 12 it -PRON- PRP cord-330553-sukrjl22 6 13 directly directly RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 6 14 infects infect VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 6 15 neurons neuron NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 6 16 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 6 17 induces induce VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 6 18 neuronal neuronal JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 6 19 cell cell NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 6 20 death death NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 6 21 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 6 22 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 6 23 part part NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 6 24 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 6 25 via via IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 6 26 activation activation NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 6 27 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 6 28 caspase caspase NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 6 29 3-mediated 3-mediated CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 6 30 apoptosis apoptosis NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 6 31 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 7 1 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 7 2 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 7 3 also also RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 7 4 induces induce VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 7 5 neuroinflammation neuroinflammation NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 7 6 characterized characterize VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 7 7 by by IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 7 8 activation activation NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 7 9 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 7 10 innate innate JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 7 11 immune immune JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 7 12 cells cell NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 7 13 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 7 14 including include VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 7 15 microglia microglia NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 7 16 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 7 17 astrocytes astrocyte NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 7 18 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 7 19 production production NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 7 20 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 7 21 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 7 22 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 7 23 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 7 24 breakdown breakdown NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 7 25 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 7 26 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 7 27 blood blood NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 7 28 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 7 29 brain brain NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 7 30 barrier barrier NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 7 31 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 7 32 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 7 33 infiltration infiltration NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 7 34 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 7 35 peripheral peripheral JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 7 36 leukocytes leukocyte NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 7 37 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 8 1 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 8 2 are be VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 8 3 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 8 4 resident resident JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 8 5 immune immune JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 8 6 cells cell NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 8 7 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 8 8 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 8 9 brain brain NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 8 10 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 8 11 monitor monitor VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 8 12 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 8 13 CNS CNS NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 8 14 for for IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 8 15 signs sign NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 8 16 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 8 17 injury injury NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 8 18 or or CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 8 19 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 8 20 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 9 1 Following follow VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 9 2 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 9 3 with with IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 9 4 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 9 5 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 9 6 microglia microglia NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 9 7 exhibit exhibit VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 9 8 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 9 9 change change NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 9 10 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 9 11 morphology morphology NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 9 12 consistent consistent JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 9 13 with with IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 9 14 activation activation NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 9 15 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 9 16 are be VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 9 17 associated associate VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 9 18 with with IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 9 19 increased increase VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 9 20 expression expression NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 9 21 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 9 22 proinflammatory proinflammatory JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 9 23 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 9 24 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 10 1 Recent recent JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 10 2 research research NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 10 3 has have VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 10 4 focused focus VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 10 5 on on IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 10 6 deciphering decipher VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 10 7 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 10 8 role role NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 10 9 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 10 10 microglia microglia NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 10 11 during during IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 10 12 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 10 13 encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 10 14 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 11 1 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 11 2 play play VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 11 3 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 11 4 protective protective JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 11 5 role role NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 11 6 during during IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 11 7 infections infection NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 11 8 by by IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 11 9 limiting limit VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 11 10 viral viral JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 11 11 growth growth NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 11 12 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 11 13 reducing reduce VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 11 14 mortality mortality NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 11 15 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 11 16 mice mouse NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 11 17 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 12 1 However however RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 12 2 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 12 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-330553-sukrjl22 12 4 also also RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 12 5 appears appear VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 12 6 that that IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 12 7 activated activate VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 12 8 microglia microglia NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 12 9 are be VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 12 10 triggered trigger VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 12 11 by by IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 12 12 T T NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 12 13 cells cell NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 12 14 to to TO cord-330553-sukrjl22 12 15 mediate mediate VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 12 16 synaptic synaptic JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 12 17 elimination elimination NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 12 18 at at IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 12 19 late late JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 12 20 times time NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 12 21 during during IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 12 22 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 12 23 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 12 24 which which WDT cord-330553-sukrjl22 12 25 may may MD cord-330553-sukrjl22 12 26 contribute contribute VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 12 27 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 12 28 long long JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 12 29 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 12 30 term term NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 12 31 neurological neurological JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 12 32 deficits deficit NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 12 33 following follow VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 12 34 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 12 35 neuroinvasive neuroinvasive JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 12 36 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 12 37 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 12 38 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 13 1 This this DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 13 2 review review NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 13 3 will will MD cord-330553-sukrjl22 13 4 discuss discuss VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 13 5 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 13 6 important important JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 13 7 role role NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 13 8 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 13 9 microglia microglia NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 13 10 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 13 11 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 13 12 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 13 13 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 13 14 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 13 15 neuroinvasive neuroinvasive JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 13 16 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 13 17 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 13 18 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 14 1 Knowledge knowledge NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 14 2 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 14 3 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 14 4 precise precise JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 14 5 role role NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 14 6 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 14 7 microglia microglia NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 14 8 during during IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 14 9 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 14 10 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 14 11 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 14 12 may may MD cord-330553-sukrjl22 14 13 lead lead VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 14 14 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 14 15 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 14 16 greater great JJR cord-330553-sukrjl22 14 17 ability ability NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 14 18 to to TO cord-330553-sukrjl22 14 19 treat treat VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 14 20 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 14 21 manage manage VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 14 22 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 14 23 encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 14 24 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 15 1 West West NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 15 2 Nile Nile NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 15 3 Virus Virus NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 15 4 ( ( -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 15 5 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 15 6 ) ) -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 15 7 is be VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 15 8 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 15 9 neurotropic neurotropic NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 15 10 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 15 11 mosquito mosquito NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 15 12 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 15 13 borne bear VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 15 14 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 15 15 single single RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 15 16 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 15 17 stranded strand VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 15 18 RNA RNA NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 15 19 flavivirus flavivirus NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 15 20 maintained maintain VBD cord-330553-sukrjl22 15 21 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 15 22 an an DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 15 23 enzootic enzootic JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 15 24 cycle cycle NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 15 25 between between IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 15 26 mosquitos mosquitos NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 15 27 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 15 28 such such JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 15 29 as as IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 15 30 Culex Culex NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 15 31 pipiens pipien NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 15 32 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 15 33 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 15 34 perching perch VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 15 35 birds bird NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 15 36 ( ( -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 15 37 order order NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 15 38 Passeriformes Passeriformes NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 15 39 ) ) -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 15 40 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 15 41 such such JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 15 42 as as IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 15 43 crows crow NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 15 44 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 15 45 jays jay NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 15 46 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 15 47 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 15 48 finches finch NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 15 49 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 15 50 1 1 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 15 51 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 15 52 2 2 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 15 53 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 15 54 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 16 1 While while IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 16 2 birds bird NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 16 3 are be VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 16 4 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 16 5 natural natural JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 16 6 reservoir reservoir NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 16 7 for for IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 16 8 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 16 9 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 16 10 an an DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 16 11 infected infected JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 16 12 mosquito mosquito NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 16 13 may may MD cord-330553-sukrjl22 16 14 bite bite VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 16 15 other other JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 16 16 mammals mammal NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 16 17 such such JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 16 18 as as IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 16 19 horses horse NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 16 20 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 16 21 humans human NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 16 22 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 16 23 transmit transmit VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 16 24 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 16 25 virus virus NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 16 26 through through IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 16 27 saliva saliva NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 16 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 16 29 2 2 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 16 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 16 31 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 17 1 After after IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 17 2 an an DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 17 3 infected infected JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 17 4 mosquito mosquito NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 17 5 bites bite NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 17 6 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 17 7 human human NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 17 8 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 17 9 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 17 10 virus virus NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 17 11 replicates replicate VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 17 12 within within IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 17 13 dendritic dendritic JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 17 14 cells cell NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 17 15 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 17 16 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 17 17 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 17 18 local local JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 17 19 tissue tissue NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 17 20 near near IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 17 21 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 17 22 site site NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 17 23 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 17 24 inoculation inoculation NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 17 25 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 17 26 subsequently subsequently RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 17 27 spreads spread VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 17 28 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 17 29 regional regional JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 17 30 lymph lymph NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 17 31 nodes node NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 17 32 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 18 1 The the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 18 2 resulting result VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 18 3 viremia viremia NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 18 4 then then RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 18 5 spreads spread VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 18 6 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 18 7 virus virus NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 18 8 throughout throughout IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 18 9 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 18 10 body body NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 18 11 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 18 12 2 2 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 18 13 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 18 14 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 19 1 West West NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 19 2 Nile Nile NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 19 3 Virus Virus NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 19 4 viremia viremia NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 19 5 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 19 6 humans human NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 19 7 is be VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 19 8 not not RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 19 9 high high JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 19 10 enough enough RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 19 11 or or CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 19 12 sustained sustain VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 19 13 enough enough RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 19 14 to to TO cord-330553-sukrjl22 19 15 support support VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 19 16 subsequent subsequent JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 19 17 transmission transmission NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 19 18 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 19 19 mosquitoes mosquito NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 19 20 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 19 21 thus thus RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 19 22 humans human NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 19 23 are be VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 19 24 designated designate VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 19 25 " " `` cord-330553-sukrjl22 19 26 dead dead JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 19 27 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 19 28 end end NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 19 29 " " '' cord-330553-sukrjl22 19 30 hosts host NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 19 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 19 32 1 1 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 19 33 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 19 34 2 2 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 19 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 19 36 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 20 1 West West NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 20 2 Nile Nile NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 20 3 Virus Virus NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 20 4 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 20 5 is be VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 20 6 now now RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 20 7 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 20 8 most most RBS cord-330553-sukrjl22 20 9 common common JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 20 10 cause cause NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 20 11 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 20 12 epidemic epidemic NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 20 13 viral viral JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 20 14 encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 20 15 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 20 16 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 20 17 United United NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 20 18 States States NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 20 19 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 21 1 According accord VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 21 2 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 21 3 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 21 4 Center Center NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 21 5 for for IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 21 6 Disease Disease NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 21 7 Control Control NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 21 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 21 9 CDC CDC NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 21 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 21 11 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 21 12 since since IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 21 13 its -PRON- PRP$ cord-330553-sukrjl22 21 14 introduction introduction NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 21 15 into into IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 21 16 North North NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 21 17 West West NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 21 18 Nile Nile NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 21 19 Virus Virus NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 21 20 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 21 21 induced induce VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 21 22 CNS CNS NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 21 23 disease disease NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 21 24 occurs occur VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 21 25 as as IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 21 26 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 21 27 result result NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 21 28 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 21 29 virus virus NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 21 30 crossing cross VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 21 31 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 21 32 blood blood NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 21 33 brain brain NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 21 34 barrier barrier NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 21 35 ( ( -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 21 36 BBB BBB NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 21 37 ) ) -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 21 38 following follow VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 21 39 systemic systemic JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 21 40 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 21 41 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 22 1 Mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 22 2 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 22 3 viral viral JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 22 4 entry entry NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 22 5 into into IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 22 6 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 22 7 CNS CNS NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 22 8 are be VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 22 9 not not RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 22 10 yet yet RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 22 11 fully fully RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 22 12 understood understand VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 22 13 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 23 1 However however RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 23 2 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 23 3 theories theory NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 23 4 include include VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 23 5 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 23 6 cytokine cytokine NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 23 7 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 23 8 mediated mediate VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 23 9 increase increase NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 23 10 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 23 11 permeability permeability NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 23 12 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 23 13 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 23 14 BBB BBB NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 23 15 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 23 16 hematogenous hematogenous JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 23 17 entry entry NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 23 18 by by IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 23 19 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 23 20 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 23 21 infiltrating infiltrate VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 23 22 immune immune JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 23 23 cells cell NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 23 24 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 23 25 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 23 26 retrograde retrograde JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 23 27 axonal axonal JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 23 28 transport transport NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 23 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 23 30 7 7 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 23 31 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 23 32 16 16 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 23 33 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 23 34 17 17 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 23 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 23 36 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 24 1 The the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 24 2 greatest great JJS cord-330553-sukrjl22 24 3 risk risk NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 24 4 factor factor NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 24 5 for for IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 24 6 developing develop VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 24 7 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 24 8 neuroinvasive neuroinvasive JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 24 9 disease disease NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 24 10 is be VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 24 11 older old JJR cord-330553-sukrjl22 24 12 age age NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 24 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 24 14 > > NFP cord-330553-sukrjl22 24 15 64 64 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 24 16 years year NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 24 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 24 18 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 24 19 while while IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 24 20 other other JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 24 21 risk risk NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 24 22 factors factor NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 24 23 include include VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 24 24 hypertension hypertension NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 24 25 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 24 26 diabetes diabetes NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 24 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 24 28 18 18 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 24 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 24 30 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 25 1 Certain certain JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 25 2 genetic genetic JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 25 3 factors factor NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 25 4 also also RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 25 5 dictate dictate VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 25 6 increased increase VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 25 7 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 25 8 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 25 9 neuroinvasive neuroinvasive JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 25 10 disease disease NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 25 11 including include VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 25 12 single single JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 25 13 nucleotide nucleotide JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 25 14 polymorphisms polymorphism NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 25 15 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 25 16 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 25 17 oligoadenylate oligoadenylate JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 25 18 synthetase synthetase NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 25 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 25 20 OAS OAS NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 25 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 25 22 gene gene NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 25 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 25 24 involved involve VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 25 25 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 25 26 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 25 27 innate innate JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 25 28 immunity immunity NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 25 29 ) ) -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 25 30 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 25 31 genetic genetic JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 25 32 deficiencies deficiency NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 25 33 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 25 34 C C NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 25 35 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 25 36 C C NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 25 37 chemokine chemokine NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 25 38 receptor receptor NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 25 39 type type NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 25 40 5 5 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 25 41 ( ( -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 25 42 CCR5 CCR5 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 25 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 25 44 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 25 45 which which WDT cord-330553-sukrjl22 25 46 inhibit inhibit VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 25 47 lymphocyte lymphocyte NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 25 48 trafficking trafficking NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 25 49 into into IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 25 50 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 25 51 CNS CNS NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 25 52 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 25 53 19 19 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 25 54 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 25 55 20 20 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 25 56 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 25 57 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 26 1 Once once RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 26 2 within within IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 26 3 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 26 4 CNS CNS NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 26 5 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 26 6 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 26 7 directly directly RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 26 8 infects infect VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 26 9 neurons neuron NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 26 10 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 26 11 several several JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 26 12 studies study NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 26 13 demonstrate demonstrate VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 26 14 that that IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 26 15 caspase caspase NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 26 16 3-dependent 3-dependent CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 26 17 apoptosis apoptosis NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 26 18 is be VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 26 19 an an DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 26 20 important important JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 26 21 mechanism mechanism NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 26 22 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 26 23 neuronal neuronal JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 26 24 cell cell NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 26 25 death death NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 26 26 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 26 27 CNS CNS NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 26 28 injury injury NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 26 29 during during IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 26 30 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 26 31 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 26 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 26 33 21 21 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 26 34 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 26 35 22 22 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 26 36 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 26 37 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 27 1 The the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 27 2 pathology pathology NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 27 3 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 27 4 neuroinvasive neuroinvasive JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 27 5 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 27 6 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 27 7 likely likely JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 27 8 results result VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 27 9 from from IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 27 10 both both DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 27 11 apoptosis apoptosis NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 27 12 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 27 13 neurons neuron NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 27 14 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 27 15 secondary secondary JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 27 16 effects effect NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 27 17 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 27 18 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 27 19 neuroinflammatory neuroinflammatory NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 27 20 response response NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 27 21 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 27 22 including include VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 27 23 damage damage NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 27 24 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 27 25 bystander bystander NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 27 26 cells cell NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 27 27 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 27 28 gliosis gliosis NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 27 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 27 30 22 22 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 27 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 27 32 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 28 1 A a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 28 2 critical critical JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 28 3 component component NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 28 4 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 28 5 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 28 6 neuroinflammatory neuroinflammatory NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 28 7 response response NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 28 8 induced induce VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 28 9 by by IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 28 10 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 28 11 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 28 12 is be VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 28 13 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 28 14 activation activation NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 28 15 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 28 16 microglia microglia NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 28 17 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 28 18 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 28 19 innate innate JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 28 20 immune immune JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 28 21 cells cell NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 28 22 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 28 23 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 28 24 CNS CNS NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 28 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 28 26 23 23 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 28 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 28 28 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 29 1 In in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 29 2 this this DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 29 3 review review NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 29 4 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 29 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-330553-sukrjl22 29 6 will will MD cord-330553-sukrjl22 29 7 discuss discuss VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 29 8 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 29 9 role role NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 29 10 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 29 11 microglia microglia NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 29 12 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 29 13 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 29 14 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 29 15 induced induce VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 29 16 CNS CNS NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 29 17 disease disease NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 29 18 as as IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 29 19 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 29 20 contributor contributor NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 29 21 both both DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 29 22 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 29 23 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 29 24 protective protective JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 29 25 innate innate JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 29 26 immune immune JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 29 27 response response NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 29 28 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 29 29 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 29 30 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 29 31 development development NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 29 32 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 29 33 long long JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 29 34 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 29 35 term term NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 29 36 neurological neurological JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 29 37 damage damage NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 29 38 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 30 1 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 30 2 are be VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 30 3 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 30 4 myeloid myeloid JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 30 5 origin origin NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 30 6 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 30 7 arise arise VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 30 8 from from IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 30 9 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 30 10 yolk yolk NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 30 11 sac sac NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 30 12 during during IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 30 13 early early JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 30 14 development development NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 30 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 30 16 24 24 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 30 17 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 30 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 30 19 25 25 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 30 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 30 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 30 22 26 26 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 30 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 30 24 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 31 1 These these DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 31 2 cells cell NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 31 3 are be VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 31 4 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 31 5 resident resident JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 31 6 mononuclear mononuclear JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 31 7 phagocytic phagocytic JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 31 8 cells cell NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 31 9 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 31 10 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 31 11 CNS CNS NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 31 12 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 31 13 play play VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 31 14 multiple multiple JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 31 15 roles role NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 31 16 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 31 17 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 31 18 CNS CNS NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 31 19 such such JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 31 20 as as IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 31 21 immune immune JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 31 22 defense defense NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 31 23 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 31 24 maintenance maintenance NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 31 25 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 31 26 homeostasis homeostasis NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 31 27 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 31 28 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 31 29 synaptic synaptic JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 31 30 pruning pruning NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 31 31 during during IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 31 32 early early JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 31 33 development development NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 31 34 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 31 35 27 27 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 31 36 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 31 37 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 31 38 28 28 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 31 39 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 31 40 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 31 41 29 29 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 31 42 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 31 43 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 32 1 Importantly importantly RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 32 2 they -PRON- PRP cord-330553-sukrjl22 32 3 continually continually RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 32 4 monitor monitor VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 32 5 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 32 6 CNS CNS NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 32 7 for for IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 32 8 signals signal NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 32 9 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 32 10 injury injury NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 32 11 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 32 12 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 32 13 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 32 14 28 28 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 32 15 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 32 16 30 30 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 32 17 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 32 18 31 31 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 32 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 32 20 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 33 1 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 33 2 express express VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 33 3 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 33 4 spectrum spectrum NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 33 5 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 33 6 activation activation NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 33 7 states state NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 33 8 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 33 9 response response NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 33 10 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 33 11 environmental environmental JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 33 12 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 33 13 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 33 14 cues cue NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 33 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 33 16 32 32 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 33 17 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 33 18 33 33 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 33 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 33 20 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 34 1 Morphological morphological JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 34 2 changes change NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 34 3 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 34 4 activated activate VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 34 5 microglia microglia NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 34 6 include include VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 34 7 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 34 8 shift shift NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 34 9 from from IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 34 10 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 34 11 ramified ramified JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 34 12 state state NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 34 13 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 34 14 characterized characterize VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 34 15 by by IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 34 16 long long JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 34 17 extending extend VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 34 18 processes process NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 34 19 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 34 20 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 34 21 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 34 22 larger large JJR cord-330553-sukrjl22 34 23 more more JJR cord-330553-sukrjl22 34 24 amoeboid amoeboid JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 34 25 phenotype phenotype NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 34 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 34 27 34 34 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 34 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 34 29 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 35 1 In in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 35 2 addition addition NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 35 3 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 35 4 activated activate VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 35 5 microglia microglia NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 35 6 display display NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 35 7 increased increase VBD cord-330553-sukrjl22 35 8 motility motility NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 35 9 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 35 10 proliferation proliferation NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 35 11 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 35 12 production production NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 35 13 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 35 14 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 35 15 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 35 16 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 35 17 chemokines chemokine NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 35 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 35 19 29 29 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 35 20 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 35 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 35 22 35 35 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 35 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 35 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 35 25 36 36 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 35 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 35 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 35 28 37 37 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 35 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 35 30 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 36 1 In in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 36 2 neuroinflammatory neuroinflammatory JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 36 3 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 36 4 neurodegenerative neurodegenerative JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 36 5 conditions condition NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 36 6 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 36 7 microglia microglia NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 36 8 are be VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 36 9 thought think VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 36 10 to to TO cord-330553-sukrjl22 36 11 contribute contribute VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 36 12 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 36 13 pathogenicity pathogenicity NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 36 14 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 36 15 36 36 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 36 16 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 36 17 38 38 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 36 18 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 36 19 39 39 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 36 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 36 21 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 36 22 however however RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 36 23 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 36 24 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 36 25 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 36 26 case case NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 36 27 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 36 28 viral viral JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 36 29 encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 36 30 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 36 31 it -PRON- PRP cord-330553-sukrjl22 36 32 remains remain VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 36 33 unclear unclear JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 36 34 whether whether IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 36 35 microglia microglia NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 36 36 are be VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 36 37 beneficial beneficial JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 36 38 or or CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 36 39 detrimental detrimental JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 36 40 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 36 41 disease disease NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 36 42 outcomes outcome NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 36 43 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 36 44 or or CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 36 45 possibly possibly RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 36 46 both both DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 36 47 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 37 1 Classically classically RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 37 2 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 37 3 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 37 4 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 37 5 microglia microglia NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 37 6 have have VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 37 7 been be VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 37 8 defined define VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 37 9 as as IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 37 10 being be VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 37 11 polarized polarize VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 37 12 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 37 13 meaning mean VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 37 14 they -PRON- PRP cord-330553-sukrjl22 37 15 express express VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 37 16 two two CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 37 17 major major JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 37 18 activation activation NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 37 19 states state NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 37 20 : : : cord-330553-sukrjl22 37 21 pro pro JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 37 22 - - JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 37 23 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 37 24 M1 M1 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 37 25 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 37 26 anti anti JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 37 27 - - JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 37 28 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 37 29 M2 M2 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 37 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 37 31 40 40 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 37 32 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 37 33 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 38 1 While while IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 38 2 some some DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 38 3 individuals individual NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 38 4 feel feel VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 38 5 that that IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 38 6 this this DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 38 7 is be VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 38 8 not not RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 38 9 an an DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 38 10 accurate accurate JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 38 11 description description NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 38 12 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 38 13 microglial microglial JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 38 14 activation activation NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 38 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 38 16 32 32 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 38 17 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 38 18 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 38 19 it -PRON- PRP cord-330553-sukrjl22 38 20 remains remain VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 38 21 important important JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 38 22 to to TO cord-330553-sukrjl22 38 23 consider consider VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 38 24 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 38 25 role role NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 38 26 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 38 27 microglia microglia JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 38 28 polarization polarization NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 38 29 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 38 30 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 38 31 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 38 32 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 38 33 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 38 34 infections infection NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 38 35 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 39 1 The the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 39 2 ability ability NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 39 3 to to TO cord-330553-sukrjl22 39 4 shift shift VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 39 5 phenotypes phenotype NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 39 6 allows allow VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 39 7 microglia microglia NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 39 8 to to TO cord-330553-sukrjl22 39 9 maintain maintain VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 39 10 homeostasis homeostasis NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 39 11 within within IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 39 12 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 39 13 CNS CNS NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 39 14 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 40 1 Following follow VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 40 2 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 40 3 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 40 4 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 40 5 CNS CNS NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 40 6 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 40 7 microglia microglia NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 40 8 express express JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 40 9 markers marker NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 40 10 characteristic characteristic JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 40 11 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 40 12 M1 M1 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 40 13 activation activation NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 40 14 including include VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 40 15 increased increase VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 40 16 expression expression NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 40 17 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 40 18 Iba-1 Iba-1 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 40 19 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 40 20 as as RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 40 21 well well RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 40 22 as as IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 40 23 chemokines chemokine NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 40 24 such such JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 40 25 as as IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 40 26 C C NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 40 27 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 40 28 C C NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 40 29 motif motif NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 40 30 cytokine cytokine NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 40 31 2 2 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 40 32 ( ( -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 40 33 CCL2 CCL2 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 40 34 ) ) -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 40 35 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 40 36 CCL3 CCL3 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 40 37 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 40 38 CCL5 CCL5 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 40 39 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 40 40 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 40 41 CCL7 CCL7 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 40 42 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 40 43 41 41 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 40 44 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 40 45 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 41 1 The the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 41 2 anti anti JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 41 3 - - JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 41 4 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 41 5 drug drug NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 41 6 minocycline minocycline NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 41 7 reduces reduce VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 41 8 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 41 9 expression expression NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 41 10 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 41 11 M1 M1 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 41 12 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 41 13 genes gene NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 41 14 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 41 15 increases increase VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 41 16 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 41 17 expression expression NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 41 18 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 41 19 M2 M2 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 41 20 genes gene NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 41 21 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 41 22 following follow VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 41 23 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 41 24 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 41 25 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 41 26 CNS CNS NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 41 27 tissue tissue NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 41 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 41 29 42 42 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 41 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 41 31 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 42 1 This this DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 42 2 shift shift NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 42 3 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 42 4 microglia microglia NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 42 5 towards towards IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 42 6 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 42 7 more more RBR cord-330553-sukrjl22 42 8 anti anti JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 42 9 - - JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 42 10 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 42 11 M2 M2 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 42 12 state state NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 42 13 was be VBD cord-330553-sukrjl22 42 14 neuroprotective neuroprotective JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 42 15 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 42 16 42 42 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 42 17 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 42 18 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 42 19 suggests suggest VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 42 20 that that IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 42 21 M1 M1 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 42 22 microglia microglia NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 42 23 are be VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 42 24 required require VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 42 25 for for IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 42 26 initial initial JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 42 27 control control NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 42 28 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 42 29 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 42 30 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 42 31 ; ; : cord-330553-sukrjl22 42 32 however however RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 42 33 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 42 34 switching switch VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 42 35 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 42 36 an an DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 42 37 M2 m2 JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 42 38 phenotype phenotype NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 42 39 may may MD cord-330553-sukrjl22 42 40 be be VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 42 41 critical critical JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 42 42 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 42 43 preventing prevent VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 42 44 excessive excessive JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 42 45 damage damage NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 42 46 due due IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 42 47 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 42 48 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 42 49 processes process NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 42 50 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 43 1 For for IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 43 2 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 43 3 purpose purpose NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 43 4 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 43 5 this this DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 43 6 review review NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 43 7 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 43 8 we -PRON- PRP cord-330553-sukrjl22 43 9 will will MD cord-330553-sukrjl22 43 10 mostly mostly RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 43 11 be be VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 43 12 referring refer VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 43 13 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 43 14 M1 M1 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 43 15 microglial microglial JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 43 16 polarization polarization NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 43 17 when when WRB cord-330553-sukrjl22 43 18 discussing discuss VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 43 19 activation activation NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 43 20 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 43 21 microglia microglia NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 43 22 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 1 Several several JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 2 neurotropic neurotropic NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 3 viruses virus NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 4 have have VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 5 been be VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 6 shown show VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 7 to to TO cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 8 induce induce VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 9 microglia microglia JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 10 activation activation NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 11 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 12 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 13 CNS CNS NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 14 following follow VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 15 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 16 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 17 including include VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 18 Japanese japanese JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 19 encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 20 virus virus NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 22 43 43 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 23 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 24 44 44 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 26 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 27 Dengue Dengue NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 28 Virus virus NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 30 45 45 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 32 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 33 Zika Zika NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 34 virus virus NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 35 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 36 46 46 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 38 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 39 Tick tick VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 40 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 41 borne bear VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 42 encephalitis encephalitis JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 43 virus virus NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 44 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 45 47 47 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 46 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 47 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 48 reovirus reovirus NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 49 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 50 48 48 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 51 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 52 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 53 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 54 mouse mouse NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 55 hepatitis hepatitis NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 56 virus virus NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 57 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 58 49 49 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 59 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 60 50 50 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 61 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 44 62 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 45 1 Evidence evidence NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 45 2 that that IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 45 3 microglia microglia NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 45 4 are be VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 45 5 activated activate VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 45 6 during during IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 45 7 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 45 8 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 45 9 induced induce VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 45 10 CNS CNS NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 45 11 disease disease NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 45 12 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 45 13 humans human NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 45 14 includes include VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 45 15 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 45 16 presence presence NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 45 17 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 45 18 microglial microglial JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 45 19 nodules nodule NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 45 20 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 45 21 increased increase VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 45 22 proliferation proliferation NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 45 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 45 24 51 51 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 45 25 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 45 26 52 52 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 45 27 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 45 28 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 46 1 Activated activate VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 46 2 microglia microglia NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 46 3 are be VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 46 4 also also RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 46 5 seen see VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 46 6 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 46 7 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 46 8 CNS CNS NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 46 9 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 46 10 mice mouse NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 46 11 infected infect VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 46 12 with with IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 46 13 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 46 14 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 46 15 53 53 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 46 16 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 47 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 47 2 54 54 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 47 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 48 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 48 2 55 55 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 48 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 48 4 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 48 5 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 48 6 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 48 7 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 48 8 infected infect VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 48 9 ex ex FW cord-330553-sukrjl22 48 10 vivo vivo NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 48 11 brain brain NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 48 12 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 48 13 spinal spinal JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 48 14 cord cord NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 48 15 slice slice NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 48 16 cultures culture NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 48 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 48 18 21 21 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 48 19 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 48 20 41 41 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 48 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 48 22 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 49 1 The the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 49 2 use use NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 49 3 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 49 4 ex ex FW cord-330553-sukrjl22 49 5 vivo vivo NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 49 6 slice slice NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 49 7 cultures culture NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 49 8 allows allow VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 49 9 for for IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 49 10 isolation isolation NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 49 11 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 49 12 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 49 13 CNS CNS NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 49 14 immune immune NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 49 15 system system NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 49 16 from from IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 49 17 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 49 18 peripheral peripheral JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 49 19 immune immune JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 49 20 response response NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 49 21 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 50 1 In in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 50 2 this this DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 50 3 method method NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 50 4 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 50 5 spinal spinal JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 50 6 cords cord NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 50 7 or or CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 50 8 brains brain NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 50 9 are be VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 50 10 harvested harvest VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 50 11 from from IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 50 12 neonatal neonatal JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 50 13 mice mouse NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 50 14 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 50 15 used use VBD cord-330553-sukrjl22 50 16 to to TO cord-330553-sukrjl22 50 17 create create VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 50 18 300-µm 300-µm CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 50 19 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 50 20 thick thick JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 50 21 slice slice NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 50 22 cultures culture NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 50 23 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 50 24 which which WDT cord-330553-sukrjl22 50 25 are be VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 50 26 incubated incubate VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 50 27 on on IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 50 28 culture culture NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 50 29 inserts insert NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 50 30 prior prior RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 50 31 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 50 32 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 50 33 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 51 1 Using use VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 51 2 this this DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 51 3 model model NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 51 4 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 51 5 activated activate VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 51 6 microglia microglia NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 51 7 were be VBD cord-330553-sukrjl22 51 8 identified identify VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 51 9 following follow VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 51 10 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 51 11 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 51 12 by by IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 51 13 increased increase VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 51 14 expression expression NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 51 15 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 51 16 ionized ionized JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 51 17 calcium calcium NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 51 18 binding bind VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 51 19 adaptor adaptor NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 51 20 molecule molecule NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 51 21 1 1 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 51 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 51 23 Iba1 Iba1 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 51 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 51 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 51 26 21 21 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 51 27 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 51 28 41 41 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 51 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 51 30 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 51 31 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 51 32 microglia microglia NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 51 33 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 51 34 specific specific JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 51 35 marker marker NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 51 36 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 51 37 56 56 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 51 38 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 51 39 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 52 1 In in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 52 2 addition addition NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 52 3 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 52 4 microglia microglia NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 52 5 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 52 6 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 52 7 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 52 8 infected infect VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 52 9 ex ex FW cord-330553-sukrjl22 52 10 vivo vivo NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 52 11 slices slice NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 52 12 were be VBD cord-330553-sukrjl22 52 13 increased increase VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 52 14 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 52 15 both both DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 52 16 size size NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 52 17 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 52 18 number number NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 52 19 compared compare VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 52 20 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 52 21 uninfected uninfected JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 52 22 slices slice NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 52 23 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 52 24 displayed display VBD cord-330553-sukrjl22 52 25 an an DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 52 26 amoeboid amoeboid JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 52 27 phenotype phenotype NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 52 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 52 29 21 21 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 52 30 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 52 31 41 41 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 52 32 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 52 33 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 1 Distinct distinct JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 2 microglia microglia JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 3 cell cell NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 4 processes process NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 5 related relate VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 6 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 7 cell cell NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 8 motility motility NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 9 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 10 phagocytosis phagocytosis NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 11 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 12 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 13 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 14 infected infect VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 15 cells cell NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 16 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 17 antigenic antigenic JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 18 debris debris NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 19 were be VBD cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 20 seen see VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 21 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 22 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 23 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 24 infected infect VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 25 ex ex FW cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 26 vivo vivo NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 27 slice slice NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 28 cultures culture NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 30 Figure figure NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 31 1 1 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 33 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 34 including include VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 35 microglial microglial JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 36 cellular cellular JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 37 projections projection NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 38 stretching stretch VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 39 over over IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 40 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 41 range range NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 42 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 43 distances distance NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 44 to to TO cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 45 reach reach VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 46 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 47 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 48 infected infect VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 49 cells cell NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 50 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 51 which which WDT cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 52 were be VBD cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 53 often often RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 54 filopodial filopodial JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 55 / / SYM cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 56 lamellipodial lamellipodial NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 57 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 58 appearance appearance NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 59 ( ( -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 60 Figure figure NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 61 1A 1a NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 62 ) ) -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 63 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 64 reflecting reflect VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 65 microglia microglia NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 66 with with IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 67 amoeboid amoeboid JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 68 morphology morphology NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 69 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 70 41 41 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 71 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 53 72 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 54 1 These these DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 54 2 microglia microglia JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 54 3 cell cell NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 54 4 processes process NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 54 5 were be VBD cord-330553-sukrjl22 54 6 observed observe VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 54 7 contacting contact VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 54 8 infected infected JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 54 9 cells cell NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 54 10 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 54 11 initiating initiate VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 54 12 engulfment engulfment NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 54 13 activity activity NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 54 14 ( ( -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 54 15 Figure figure NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 54 16 1B 1b NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 54 17 -E -E JJS cord-330553-sukrjl22 54 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 54 19 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 55 1 The the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 55 2 formation formation NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 55 3 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 55 4 phagosomes phagosomes NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 55 5 was be VBD cord-330553-sukrjl22 55 6 also also RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 55 7 prevalent prevalent JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 55 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 55 9 Figure figure NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 55 10 1F 1f CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 55 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 55 12 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 56 1 Notably notably RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 56 2 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 56 3 microglia microglia NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 56 4 virtually virtually RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 56 5 never never RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 56 6 appeared appear VBD cord-330553-sukrjl22 56 7 to to TO cord-330553-sukrjl22 56 8 be be VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 56 9 infected infect VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 56 10 themselves -PRON- PRP cord-330553-sukrjl22 56 11 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 56 12 despite despite IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 56 13 taking take VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 56 14 in in RP cord-330553-sukrjl22 56 15 material material NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 56 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 56 17 cells cell NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 56 18 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 56 19 debris debris NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 56 20 ) ) -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 56 21 that that WDT cord-330553-sukrjl22 56 22 stained stain VBD cord-330553-sukrjl22 56 23 positive positive JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 56 24 for for IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 56 25 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 56 26 antigens antigen NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 56 27 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 57 1 Intercellular intercellular JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 57 2 communication communication NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 57 3 via via IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 57 4 cytokine cytokine NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 57 5 / / SYM cord-330553-sukrjl22 57 6 chemokine chemokine NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 57 7 signaling signal VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 57 8 drives drive VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 57 9 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 57 10 responses response NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 57 11 during during IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 57 12 viral viral JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 57 13 infections infection NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 57 14 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 57 15 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 57 16 CNS CNS NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 57 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 57 18 40 40 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 57 19 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 57 20 57 57 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 57 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 57 22 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 1 Infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 2 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 3 CNS CNS NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 4 tissue tissue NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 5 with with IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 6 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 7 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 8 vivo vivo NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 9 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 10 21 21 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 11 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 12 58 58 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 13 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 14 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 15 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 16 ex ex FW cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 17 vivo vivo NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 19 41 41 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 21 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 22 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 23 vitro vitro FW cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 25 23 23 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 27 models model NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 28 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 29 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 30 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 31 results result NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 32 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 33 increased increase VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 34 expression expression NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 35 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 36 proinflammatory proinflammatory JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 37 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 38 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 39 chemokines chemokine NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 40 associated associate VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 41 with with IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 42 microglial microglial JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 43 activation activation NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 44 including include VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 45 C C NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 46 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 47 X x NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 48 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 49 C c NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 50 motif motif NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 51 chemokine chemokine NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 52 10 10 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 53 ( ( -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 54 CXCL10 CXCL10 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 55 ) ) -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 56 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 57 CXCL1 CXCL1 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 58 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 59 CCL5 CCL5 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 60 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 61 CCL3 CCL3 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 62 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 63 CCL2 CCL2 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 64 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 65 tumor tumor NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 66 necrosis necrosis NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 67 factor factor NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 68 alpha alpha NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 69 ( ( -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 70 TNF TNF NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 71 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 72 α α NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 73 ) ) -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 74 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 75 TNF tnf NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 76 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 77 related relate VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 78 apoptosis apoptosis NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 79 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 80 inducing induce VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 81 ligand ligand NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 82 ( ( -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 83 TRAIL TRAIL NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 84 ) ) -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 85 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 86 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 58 87 interleukin-6 interleukin-6 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 59 1 ( ( -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 59 2 IL-6 IL-6 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 59 3 ) ) -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 59 4 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 59 5 40 40 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 59 6 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 59 7 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 60 1 These these DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 60 2 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 60 3 are be VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 60 4 involved involve VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 60 5 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 60 6 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 60 7 processes process NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 60 8 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 60 9 activating activate VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 60 10 / / SYM cord-330553-sukrjl22 60 11 recruiting recruit VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 60 12 immune immune JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 60 13 cells cell NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 60 14 such such JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 60 15 as as IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 60 16 T T NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 60 17 cells cell NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 60 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 60 19 59 59 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 60 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 60 21 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 1 Inhibition inhibition NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 2 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 3 these these DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 4 chemokines chemokine NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 5 / / SYM cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 6 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 7 following follow VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 8 treatment treatment NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 9 with with IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 10 minocycline minocycline NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 11 resulted result VBD cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 12 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 13 decreased decrease VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 14 neuronal neuronal JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 15 cell cell NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 16 death death NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 17 following follow VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 18 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 19 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 20 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 21 ex ex FW cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 22 vivo vivo FW cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 23 spinal spinal JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 24 cord cord NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 25 slice slice NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 26 cultures culture NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 28 42 42 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 30 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 31 suggesting suggest VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 32 they -PRON- PRP cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 33 contribute contribute VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 34 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 35 disease disease NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 36 ; ; : cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 37 however however RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 38 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 39 depletion depletion NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 40 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 41 microglia microglia NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 42 did do VBD cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 43 not not RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 44 significantly significantly RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 45 change change VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 46 chemokine chemokine NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 47 / / SYM cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 48 cytokine cytokine NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 49 expression expression NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 50 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 51 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 52 brains brain NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 53 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 54 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 55 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 56 infected infect VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 57 mice mouse NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 58 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 59 60 60 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 60 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 61 so so CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 62 it -PRON- PRP cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 63 is be VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 64 unclear unclear JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 65 what what WDT cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 66 role role NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 67 microglia microglia NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 68 play play VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 69 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 70 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 71 production production NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 72 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 73 these these DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 74 proteins protein NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 61 75 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 62 1 Based base VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 62 2 on on IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 62 3 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 62 4 evidence evidence NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 62 5 presented present VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 62 6 above above RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 62 7 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 62 8 it -PRON- PRP cord-330553-sukrjl22 62 9 can can MD cord-330553-sukrjl22 62 10 be be VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 62 11 concluded conclude VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 62 12 that that IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 62 13 microglia microglia NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 62 14 become become VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 62 15 activated activate VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 62 16 following follow VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 62 17 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 62 18 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 62 19 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 62 20 CNS CNS NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 62 21 with with IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 62 22 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 62 23 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 63 1 These these DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 63 2 activated activate VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 63 3 microglia microglia NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 63 4 can can MD cord-330553-sukrjl22 63 5 initiate initiate VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 63 6 an an DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 63 7 immune immune JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 63 8 response response NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 63 9 that that WDT cord-330553-sukrjl22 63 10 is be VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 63 11 intrinsic intrinsic JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 63 12 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 63 13 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 63 14 CNS CNS NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 63 15 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 63 16 does do VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 63 17 not not RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 63 18 require require VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 63 19 input input NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 63 20 from from IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 63 21 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 63 22 peripheral peripheral JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 63 23 immune immune JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 63 24 system system NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 63 25 as as IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 63 26 seen see VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 63 27 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 63 28 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 63 29 ex ex FW cord-330553-sukrjl22 63 30 vivo vivo NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 63 31 slice slice NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 63 32 culture culture NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 63 33 model model NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 63 34 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 64 1 Activation activation NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 64 2 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 64 3 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 64 4 microglia microglia NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 64 5 is be VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 64 6 characterized characterize VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 64 7 by by IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 64 8 morphological morphological JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 64 9 changes change NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 64 10 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 64 11 is be VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 64 12 associated associate VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 64 13 with with IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 64 14 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 64 15 increased increase VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 64 16 production production NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 64 17 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 64 18 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 64 19 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 64 20 / / SYM cord-330553-sukrjl22 64 21 chemokines chemokine NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 64 22 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 65 1 Based base VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 65 2 on on IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 65 3 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 65 4 evidence evidence NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 65 5 presented present VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 65 6 above above RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 65 7 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 65 8 it -PRON- PRP cord-330553-sukrjl22 65 9 can can MD cord-330553-sukrjl22 65 10 be be VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 65 11 concluded conclude VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 65 12 that that IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 65 13 microglia microglia NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 65 14 become become VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 65 15 activated activate VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 65 16 following follow VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 65 17 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 65 18 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 65 19 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 65 20 CNS CNS NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 65 21 with with IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 65 22 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 65 23 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 66 1 These these DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 66 2 activated activate VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 66 3 microglia microglia NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 66 4 can can MD cord-330553-sukrjl22 66 5 initiate initiate VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 66 6 an an DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 66 7 immune immune JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 66 8 response response NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 66 9 that that WDT cord-330553-sukrjl22 66 10 is be VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 66 11 intrinsic intrinsic JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 66 12 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 66 13 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 66 14 CNS CNS NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 66 15 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 66 16 does do VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 66 17 not not RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 66 18 require require VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 66 19 input input NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 66 20 from from IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 66 21 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 66 22 peripheral peripheral JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 66 23 immune immune JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 66 24 system system NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 66 25 as as IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 66 26 seen see VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 66 27 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 66 28 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 66 29 ex ex FW cord-330553-sukrjl22 66 30 vivo vivo NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 66 31 slice slice NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 66 32 culture culture NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 66 33 model model NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 66 34 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 67 1 Activation activation NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 67 2 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 67 3 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 67 4 microglia microglia NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 67 5 is be VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 67 6 characterized characterize VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 67 7 by by IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 67 8 morphological morphological JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 67 9 changes change NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 67 10 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 67 11 is be VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 67 12 associated associate VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 67 13 with with IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 67 14 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 67 15 increased increase VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 67 16 production production NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 67 17 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 67 18 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 67 19 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 67 20 / / SYM cord-330553-sukrjl22 67 21 chemokines chemokine NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 67 22 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 68 1 Toll toll NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 68 2 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 68 3 Like like JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 68 4 Receptors receptor NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 68 5 ( ( -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 68 6 TLRs TLRs NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 68 7 ) ) -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 68 8 are be VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 68 9 membrane membrane NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 68 10 spanning span VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 68 11 receptors receptor NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 68 12 commonly commonly RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 68 13 expressed express VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 68 14 by by IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 68 15 cells cell NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 68 16 such such JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 68 17 as as IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 68 18 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 68 19 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 68 20 dendritic dendritic JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 68 21 cells cell NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 68 22 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 68 23 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 68 24 microglia microglia NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 68 25 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 68 26 which which WDT cord-330553-sukrjl22 68 27 monitor monitor VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 68 28 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 68 29 body body NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 68 30 for for IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 68 31 signs sign NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 68 32 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 68 33 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 68 34 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 69 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-330553-sukrjl22 69 2 play play VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 69 3 key key JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 69 4 roles role NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 69 5 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 69 6 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 69 7 innate innate JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 69 8 immune immune JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 69 9 system system NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 69 10 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 69 11 61 61 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 69 12 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 69 13 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 69 14 have have VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 69 15 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 69 16 ability ability NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 69 17 to to TO cord-330553-sukrjl22 69 18 recognize recognize VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 69 19 structurally structurally RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 69 20 conserved conserve VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 69 21 pathogen pathogen NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 69 22 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 69 23 associated associate VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 69 24 molecular molecular JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 69 25 patterns pattern NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 69 26 ( ( -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 69 27 PAMPS PAMPS NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 69 28 ) ) -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 69 29 present present JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 69 30 on on IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 69 31 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 69 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 69 33 61 61 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 69 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 69 35 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 69 36 62 62 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 69 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 69 38 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 69 39 63 63 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 69 40 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 69 41 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 70 1 Microglial microglial JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 70 2 expression expression NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 70 3 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 70 4 TLR3 TLR3 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 70 5 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 70 6 which which WDT cord-330553-sukrjl22 70 7 recognizes recognize VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 70 8 double double RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 70 9 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 70 10 stranded strand VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 70 11 viral viral JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 70 12 RNA RNA NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 70 13 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 70 14 is be VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 70 15 thought think VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 70 16 to to TO cord-330553-sukrjl22 70 17 play play VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 70 18 an an DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 70 19 important important JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 70 20 role role NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 70 21 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 70 22 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 70 23 detection detection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 70 24 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 70 25 viruses virus NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 70 26 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 70 27 including include VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 70 28 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 70 29 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 70 30 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 70 31 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 70 32 CNS CNS NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 70 33 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 70 34 64 64 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 70 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 70 36 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 71 1 Several several JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 71 2 studies study NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 71 3 have have VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 71 4 shown show VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 71 5 that that IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 71 6 TLR3 TLR3 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 71 7 signaling signaling NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 71 8 plays play VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 71 9 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 71 10 protective protective JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 71 11 role role NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 71 12 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 71 13 preventing prevent VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 71 14 lethal lethal JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 71 15 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 71 16 encephalitis encephalitis JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 71 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 71 18 54 54 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 71 19 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 71 20 65 65 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 71 21 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 71 22 66 66 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 71 23 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 71 24 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 72 1 For for IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 72 2 example example NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 72 3 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 72 4 mice mouse NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 72 5 deficient deficient JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 72 6 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 72 7 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 72 8 expression expression NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 72 9 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 72 10 TLR3 TLR3 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 72 11 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 72 12 63 63 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 72 13 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 72 14 64 64 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 72 15 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 72 16 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 72 17 Myeloid Myeloid NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 72 18 Differentiation Differentiation NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 72 19 Primary primary JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 72 20 Response Response NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 72 21 88 88 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 72 22 ( ( -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 72 23 MyD88 MyD88 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 72 24 ) ) -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 72 25 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 72 26 which which WDT cord-330553-sukrjl22 72 27 functions function VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 72 28 downstream downstream RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 72 29 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 72 30 TLR3 TLR3 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 72 31 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 72 32 54 54 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 72 33 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 72 34 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 72 35 show show VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 72 36 increased increase VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 72 37 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 72 38 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 72 39 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 72 40 that that WDT cord-330553-sukrjl22 72 41 is be VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 72 42 associated associate VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 72 43 with with IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 72 44 higher high JJR cord-330553-sukrjl22 72 45 viral viral JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 72 46 loads load NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 72 47 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 72 48 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 72 49 brain brain NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 72 50 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 72 51 increased increase VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 72 52 expression expression NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 72 53 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 72 54 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 72 55 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 72 56 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 73 1 While while IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 73 2 these these DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 73 3 studies study NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 73 4 present present VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 73 5 evidence evidence NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 73 6 for for IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 73 7 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 73 8 protective protective JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 73 9 effect effect NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 73 10 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 73 11 TLR3 TLR3 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 73 12 following follow VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 73 13 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 73 14 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 73 15 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 73 16 an an DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 73 17 earlier early JJR cord-330553-sukrjl22 73 18 study study NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 73 19 showed show VBD cord-330553-sukrjl22 73 20 increased increase VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 73 21 survival survival NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 73 22 from from IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 73 23 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 73 24 infections infection NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 73 25 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 73 26 TLR3-deficient tlr3-deficient NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 73 27 mice mouse NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 73 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 73 29 65 65 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 73 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 73 31 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 74 1 In in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 74 2 this this DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 74 3 study study NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 74 4 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 74 5 TLR3-deficient tlr3-deficient NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 74 6 mice mouse NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 74 7 were be VBD cord-330553-sukrjl22 74 8 more more RBR cord-330553-sukrjl22 74 9 resistant resistant JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 74 10 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 74 11 lethal lethal JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 74 12 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 74 13 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 74 14 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 74 15 showed show VBD cord-330553-sukrjl22 74 16 impaired impaired JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 74 17 cytokine cytokine NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 74 18 production production NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 74 19 along along IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 74 20 with with IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 74 21 enhanced enhance VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 74 22 viral viral JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 74 23 load load NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 74 24 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 74 25 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 74 26 periphery periphery NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 74 27 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 75 1 However however RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 75 2 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 75 3 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 75 4 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 75 5 brain brain NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 75 6 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 75 7 viral viral JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 75 8 load load NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 75 9 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 75 10 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 75 11 responses response NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 75 12 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 75 13 neuropathology neuropathology NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 75 14 were be VBD cord-330553-sukrjl22 75 15 reduced reduce VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 75 16 compared compare VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 75 17 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 75 18 wild wild JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 75 19 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 75 20 type type NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 75 21 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 75 22 indicating indicate VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 75 23 TLR3 TLR3 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 75 24 may may MD cord-330553-sukrjl22 75 25 mediate mediate VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 75 26 entry entry NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 75 27 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 75 28 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 75 29 into into IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 75 30 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 75 31 brain brain NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 75 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 75 33 67 67 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 75 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 75 35 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 76 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-330553-sukrjl22 76 2 has have VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 76 3 been be VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 76 4 suggested suggest VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 76 5 that that IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 76 6 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 76 7 difference difference NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 76 8 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 76 9 outcome outcome NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 76 10 seen see VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 76 11 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 76 12 TLR3-deficient tlr3-deficient NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 76 13 mice mouse NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 76 14 could could MD cord-330553-sukrjl22 76 15 be be VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 76 16 explained explain VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 76 17 by by IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 76 18 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 76 19 distinct distinct JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 76 20 route route NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 76 21 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 76 22 inoculation inoculation NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 76 23 ( ( -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 76 24 subcutaneous subcutaneous JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 76 25 versus versus IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 76 26 intraperitoneal intraperitoneal JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 76 27 ) ) -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 76 28 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 76 29 passage passage NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 76 30 history history NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 76 31 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 76 32 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 76 33 virus virus NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 76 34 ( ( -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 76 35 mammalian mammalian JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 76 36 Vero Vero NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 76 37 cell cell NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 76 38 versus versus IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 76 39 insect insect NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 76 40 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 76 41 cell cell NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 76 42 derived derive VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 76 43 ) ) -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 76 44 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 76 45 and/or and/or CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 76 46 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 76 47 virus virus NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 76 48 dose dose VBD cord-330553-sukrjl22 76 49 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 76 50 63 63 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 76 51 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 76 52 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 77 1 More More JJR cord-330553-sukrjl22 77 2 research research NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 77 3 will will MD cord-330553-sukrjl22 77 4 need need VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 77 5 to to TO cord-330553-sukrjl22 77 6 be be VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 77 7 done do VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 77 8 to to TO cord-330553-sukrjl22 77 9 achieve achieve VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 77 10 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 77 11 full full JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 77 12 understanding understanding NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 77 13 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 77 14 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 77 15 role role NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 77 16 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 77 17 TLR3 TLR3 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 77 18 signaling signal VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 77 19 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 77 20 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 77 21 encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 77 22 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 78 1 Retinoic Retinoic NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 78 2 Acid acid NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 78 3 Inducible Inducible NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 78 4 Gene Gene NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 78 5 I i CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 78 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 78 7 RIG rig NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 78 8 - - : cord-330553-sukrjl22 78 9 I i NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 78 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 78 11 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 78 12 Melanoma Melanoma NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 78 13 Differentiation Differentiation NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 78 14 Antigen Antigen NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 78 15 5 5 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 78 16 ( ( -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 78 17 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 78 18 ) ) -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 78 19 are be VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 78 20 cytosolic cytosolic JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 78 21 pattern pattern NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 78 22 recognition recognition NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 78 23 receptors receptor NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 78 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 78 25 PRRs PRRs NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 78 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 78 27 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 78 28 which which WDT cord-330553-sukrjl22 78 29 recognize recognize VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 78 30 viral viral JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 78 31 RNA RNA NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 78 32 products product NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 78 33 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 78 34 including include VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 78 35 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 78 36 genetic genetic JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 78 37 material material NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 78 38 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 78 39 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 78 40 are be VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 78 41 critical critical JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 78 42 for for IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 78 43 initiating initiate VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 78 44 an an DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 78 45 innate innate JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 78 46 immune immune JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 78 47 defense defense NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 78 48 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 78 49 68 68 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 78 50 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 78 51 69 69 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 78 52 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 78 53 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 79 1 Lack lack NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 79 2 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 79 3 either either DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 79 4 RIG rig NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 79 5 - - : cord-330553-sukrjl22 79 6 I I NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 79 7 or or CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 79 8 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 79 9 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 79 10 mice mice NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 79 11 results result NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 79 12 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 79 13 decreased decrease VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 79 14 innate innate JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 79 15 immune immune JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 79 16 signaling signaling NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 79 17 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 79 18 control control NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 79 19 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 79 20 viral viral JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 79 21 growth growth NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 79 22 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 80 1 A a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 80 2 double double JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 80 3 knockout knockout NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 80 4 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 80 5 both both DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 80 6 receptors receptor NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 80 7 leads lead VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 80 8 to to TO cord-330553-sukrjl22 80 9 complete complete VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 80 10 loss loss NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 80 11 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 80 12 innate innate JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 80 13 immunity immunity NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 80 14 gene gene NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 80 15 function function NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 80 16 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 80 17 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 80 18 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 80 19 infected infect VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 80 20 cells cell NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 80 21 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 80 22 severe severe JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 80 23 disease disease NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 80 24 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 80 25 mice mouse NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 80 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 80 27 68 68 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 80 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 80 29 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 81 1 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 81 2 constitutively constitutively RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 81 3 express express VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 81 4 both both DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 81 5 RIG rig NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 81 6 - - : cord-330553-sukrjl22 81 7 I I NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 81 8 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 81 9 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 81 10 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 81 11 70 70 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 81 12 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 81 13 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 82 1 The the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 82 2 downstream downstream JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 82 3 central central JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 82 4 adaptor adaptor NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 82 5 molecule molecule NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 82 6 mitochondrial mitochondrial JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 82 7 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 82 8 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 82 9 signaling signal VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 82 10 protein protein NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 82 11 ( ( -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 82 12 MAVS MAVS NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 82 13 ) ) -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 82 14 is be VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 82 15 also also RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 82 16 essential essential JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 82 17 for for IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 82 18 control control NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 82 19 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 82 20 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 82 21 infections infection NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 82 22 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 83 1 A a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 83 2 deficiency deficiency NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 83 3 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 83 4 MAVS MAVS NNPS cord-330553-sukrjl22 83 5 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 83 6 hematopoietic hematopoietic JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 83 7 cells cell NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 83 8 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 83 9 such such JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 83 10 as as IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 83 11 microglia microglia NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 83 12 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 83 13 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 83 14 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 83 15 leads lead VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 83 16 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 83 17 increased increase VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 83 18 mortality mortality NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 83 19 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 83 20 mice mouse NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 83 21 infected infect VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 83 22 with with IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 83 23 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 83 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 83 25 71 71 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 83 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 83 27 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 84 1 These these DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 84 2 findings finding NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 84 3 indicate indicate VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 84 4 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 84 5 importance importance NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 84 6 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 84 7 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 84 8 MAVS MAVS NNPS cord-330553-sukrjl22 84 9 signaling signal VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 84 10 pathway pathway NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 84 11 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 84 12 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 84 13 microglial microglial JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 84 14 response response NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 84 15 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 84 16 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 84 17 particles particle NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 84 18 within within IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 84 19 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 84 20 CNS CNS NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 84 21 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 85 1 As as IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 85 2 documented document VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 85 3 above above RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 85 4 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 85 5 microglia microglia NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 85 6 recognize recognize VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 85 7 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 85 8 become become VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 85 9 activated activate VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 85 10 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 85 11 response response NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 85 12 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 85 13 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 85 14 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 85 15 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 86 1 However however RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 86 2 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 86 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-330553-sukrjl22 86 4 remains remain VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 86 5 unclear unclear JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 86 6 if if IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 86 7 this this DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 86 8 process process NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 86 9 is be VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 86 10 essential essential JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 86 11 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 86 12 effective effective JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 86 13 host host NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 86 14 protection protection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 86 15 against against IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 86 16 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 86 17 or or CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 86 18 whether whether IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 86 19 activated activate VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 86 20 microglia microglia NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 86 21 contribute contribute VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 86 22 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 86 23 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 86 24 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 87 1 For for IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 87 2 example example NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 87 3 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 87 4 following follow VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 87 5 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 87 6 with with IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 87 7 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 87 8 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 87 9 both both DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 87 10 decreased decrease VBD cord-330553-sukrjl22 87 11 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 87 12 53 53 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 87 13 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 87 14 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 87 15 increased increase VBD cord-330553-sukrjl22 87 16 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 87 17 54 54 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 87 18 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 87 19 64 64 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 87 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 87 21 microglial microglial JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 87 22 activation activation NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 87 23 have have VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 87 24 been be VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 87 25 associated associate VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 87 26 with with IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 87 27 increased increase VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 87 28 neuronal neuronal JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 87 29 death death NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 87 30 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 87 31 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 87 32 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 87 33 disease disease NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 87 34 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 88 1 To to TO cord-330553-sukrjl22 88 2 address address VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 88 3 this this DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 88 4 disparity disparity NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 88 5 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 88 6 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 88 7 effect effect NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 88 8 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 88 9 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 88 10 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 88 11 on on IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 88 12 mice mouse NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 88 13 lacking lack VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 88 14 microglia microglia NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 88 15 has have VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 88 16 been be VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 88 17 investigated investigate VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 88 18 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 89 1 Mice mouse NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 89 2 deficient deficient JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 89 3 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 89 4 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 89 5 expression expression NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 89 6 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 89 7 interleukin interleukin NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 89 8 34 34 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 89 9 ( ( -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 89 10 IL-34 IL-34 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 89 11 ) ) -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 89 12 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 89 13 which which WDT cord-330553-sukrjl22 89 14 lack lack VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 89 15 microglia microglia NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 89 16 but but CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 89 17 retain retain VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 89 18 bone bone NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 89 19 marrow marrow NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 89 20 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 89 21 derived derive VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 89 22 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 89 23 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 89 24 have have VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 89 25 increased increase VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 89 26 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 89 27 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 89 28 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 89 29 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 89 30 suggesting suggest VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 89 31 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 89 32 role role NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 89 33 for for IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 89 34 microglia microglia NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 89 35 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 89 36 antiviral antiviral JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 89 37 defense defense NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 89 38 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 89 39 72 72 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 89 40 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 89 41 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 90 1 In in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 90 2 addition addition NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 90 3 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 90 4 recent recent JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 90 5 studies study NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 90 6 performed perform VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 90 7 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 90 8 mice mouse NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 90 9 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 90 10 which which WDT cord-330553-sukrjl22 90 11 microglia microglia NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 90 12 were be VBD cord-330553-sukrjl22 90 13 depleted deplete VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 90 14 using use VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 90 15 Plexxicon Plexxicon NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 90 16 5622 5622 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 90 17 ( ( -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 90 18 PLX5622 PLX5622 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 90 19 ) ) -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 90 20 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 90 21 an an DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 90 22 inhibitor inhibitor NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 90 23 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 90 24 colony colony NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 90 25 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 90 26 stimulating stimulate VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 90 27 factor factor NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 90 28 1 1 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 90 29 receptor receptor NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 90 30 ( ( -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 90 31 CSF1R CSF1R NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 90 32 ) ) -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 90 33 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 90 34 demonstrated demonstrate VBD cord-330553-sukrjl22 90 35 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 90 36 significant significant JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 90 37 increase increase NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 90 38 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 90 39 susceptibility susceptibility NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 90 40 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 90 41 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 90 42 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 90 43 induced induce VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 90 44 CNS CNS NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 90 45 disease disease NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 90 46 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 90 47 60 60 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 90 48 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 90 49 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 91 1 Colony colony NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 91 2 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 91 3 stimulating stimulate VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 91 4 factor factor NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 91 5 1 1 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 91 6 is be VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 91 7 critical critical JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 91 8 for for IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 91 9 microglia microglia JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 91 10 survival survival NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 91 11 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 91 12 72 72 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 91 13 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 91 14 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 91 15 73 73 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 91 16 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 91 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 91 18 74 74 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 91 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 91 20 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 91 21 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 91 22 PLX5622 PLX5622 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 91 23 has have VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 91 24 been be VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 91 25 shown show VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 91 26 to to TO cord-330553-sukrjl22 91 27 have have VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 91 28 specificity specificity NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 91 29 towards towards IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 91 30 microglia microglia NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 91 31 without without IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 91 32 affecting affect VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 91 33 other other JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 91 34 cell cell NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 91 35 populations population NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 91 36 such such JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 91 37 as as IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 91 38 brain brain NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 91 39 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 91 40 specific specific JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 91 41 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 91 42 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 91 43 peripheral peripheral JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 91 44 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 91 45 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 91 46 or or CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 91 47 lymphocytes lymphocyte NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 91 48 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 91 49 49 49 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 91 50 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 91 51 75 75 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 91 52 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 91 53 76 76 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 91 54 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 91 55 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 92 1 Microglial microglial JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 92 2 depletion depletion NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 92 3 using use VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 92 4 PLX5622 PLX5622 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 92 5 does do VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 92 6 not not RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 92 7 alter alter VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 92 8 brain brain NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 92 9 size size NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 92 10 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 92 11 cognition cognition NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 92 12 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 92 13 or or CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 92 14 motor motor NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 92 15 function function NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 92 16 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 92 17 mice mouse NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 92 18 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 92 19 76 76 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 92 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 92 21 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 93 1 To to TO cord-330553-sukrjl22 93 2 deplete deplete VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 93 3 microglia microglia NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 93 4 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 93 5 mice mouse NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 93 6 were be VBD cord-330553-sukrjl22 93 7 fed feed VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 93 8 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 93 9 diet diet NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 93 10 containing contain VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 93 11 PLX5622 PLX5622 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 93 12 for for IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 93 13 10 10 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 93 14 days day NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 93 15 resulting result VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 93 16 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 93 17 greater great JJR cord-330553-sukrjl22 93 18 than than IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 93 19 80 80 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 93 20 % % NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 93 21 depletion depletion NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 93 22 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 93 23 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-330553-sukrjl22 93 24 microglia microglia JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 93 25 population population NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 93 26 throughout throughout IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 93 27 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 93 28 brain brain NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 93 29 when when WRB cord-330553-sukrjl22 93 30 compared compare VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 93 31 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 93 32 mice mouse NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 93 33 fed feed VBD cord-330553-sukrjl22 93 34 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 93 35 control control NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 93 36 diet diet NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 93 37 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 93 38 60 60 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 93 39 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 93 40 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 94 1 Following follow VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 94 2 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 94 3 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 94 4 PLX5622-treated PLX5622-treated NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 94 5 mice mouse NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 94 6 with with IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 94 7 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 94 8 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 94 9 brain brain NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 94 10 titers titer NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 94 11 were be VBD cord-330553-sukrjl22 94 12 significantly significantly RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 94 13 ( ( -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 94 14 10 10 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 94 15 - - SYM cord-330553-sukrjl22 94 16 100-fold 100-fold CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 94 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 94 18 higher high JJR cord-330553-sukrjl22 94 19 than than IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 94 20 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 94 21 control control NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 94 22 mice mouse NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 94 23 at at IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 94 24 days day NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 94 25 6 6 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 94 26 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 94 27 9 9 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 94 28 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 94 29 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 94 30 10 10 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 94 31 post post NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 94 32 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 94 33 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 95 1 In in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 95 2 addition addition NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 95 3 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 95 4 mortality mortality NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 95 5 dramatically dramatically RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 95 6 increased increase VBD cord-330553-sukrjl22 95 7 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 96 1 Of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 96 2 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 96 3 mice mouse NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 96 4 infected infect VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 96 5 with with IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 96 6 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 96 7 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 96 8 100 100 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 96 9 % % NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 96 10 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 96 11 PLX PLX NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 96 12 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 96 13 treated treat VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 96 14 microglia microglia NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 96 15 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 96 16 depleted deplete VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 96 17 mice mouse NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 96 18 died die VBD cord-330553-sukrjl22 96 19 compared compare VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 96 20 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 96 21 only only RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 96 22 25 25 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 96 23 % % NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 96 24 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 96 25 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 96 26 control control NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 96 27 fed feed VBD cord-330553-sukrjl22 96 28 mice mouse NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 96 29 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 96 30 60 60 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 96 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 96 32 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 97 1 These these DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 97 2 studies study NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 97 3 indicate indicate VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 97 4 that that IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 97 5 microglia microglia NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 97 6 play play VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 97 7 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 97 8 critical critical JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 97 9 role role NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 97 10 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 97 11 controlling control VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 97 12 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 97 13 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 97 14 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 97 15 limiting limit VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 97 16 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 97 17 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 97 18 induced induce VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 97 19 mortality mortality NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 97 20 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 98 1 Results result NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 98 2 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 98 3 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 98 4 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 98 5 infected infect VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 98 6 PLX5622-treated PLX5622-treated NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 98 7 mice mouse NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 98 8 were be VBD cord-330553-sukrjl22 98 9 remarkably remarkably RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 98 10 similar similar JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 98 11 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 98 12 another another DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 98 13 recent recent JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 98 14 study study NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 98 15 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 98 16 which which WDT cord-330553-sukrjl22 98 17 found find VBD cord-330553-sukrjl22 98 18 that that IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 98 19 microglia microglia NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 98 20 are be VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 98 21 crucial crucial JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 98 22 for for IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 98 23 protection protection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 98 24 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 98 25 mice mouse NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 98 26 from from IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 98 27 neurotropic neurotropic NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 98 28 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 98 29 encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 98 30 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 98 31 may may MD cord-330553-sukrjl22 98 32 be be VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 98 33 required require VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 98 34 for for IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 98 35 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 98 36 generation generation NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 98 37 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 98 38 an an DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 98 39 efficient efficient JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 98 40 T t NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 98 41 cell cell NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 98 42 response response NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 98 43 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 98 44 49 49 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 98 45 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 98 46 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 99 1 This this DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 99 2 study study NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 99 3 also also RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 99 4 showed show VBD cord-330553-sukrjl22 99 5 that that IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 99 6 microglial microglial JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 99 7 protection protection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 99 8 was be VBD cord-330553-sukrjl22 99 9 time time NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 99 10 dependent dependent JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 99 11 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 99 12 49 49 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 99 13 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 99 14 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 100 1 Elimination elimination NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 100 2 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 100 3 microglia microglia NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 100 4 using use VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 100 5 PLX5622 PLX5622 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 100 6 between between IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 100 7 days day NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 100 8 0 0 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 100 9 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 100 10 6 6 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 100 11 post post NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 100 12 - - NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 100 13 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 100 14 resulted result VBD cord-330553-sukrjl22 100 15 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 100 16 increased increase VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 100 17 mortality mortality NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 100 18 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 100 19 infected infected JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 100 20 mice mouse NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 101 1 ; ; : cord-330553-sukrjl22 101 2 however however RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 101 3 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 101 4 microglial microglial JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 101 5 depletion depletion NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 101 6 after after IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 101 7 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 101 8 first first JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 101 9 6 6 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 101 10 days day NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 101 11 showed show VBD cord-330553-sukrjl22 101 12 no no DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 101 13 effect effect NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 101 14 on on IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 101 15 mortality mortality NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 101 16 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 101 17 49 49 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 101 18 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 101 19 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 102 1 This this DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 102 2 data data NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 102 3 indicates indicate VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 102 4 that that IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 102 5 microglia microglia NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 102 6 are be VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 102 7 essential essential JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 102 8 for for IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 102 9 limiting limit VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 102 10 viral viral JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 102 11 growth growth NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 102 12 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 102 13 neuronal neuronal JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 102 14 cell cell NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 102 15 death death NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 102 16 during during IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 102 17 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 102 18 initial initial JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 102 19 phase phase NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 102 20 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 102 21 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 102 22 neuroinvasive neuroinvasive JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 102 23 viral viral JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 102 24 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 102 25 but but CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 102 26 become become VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 102 27 less less RBR cord-330553-sukrjl22 102 28 important important JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 102 29 during during IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 102 30 later later JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 102 31 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 102 32 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 102 33 when when WRB cord-330553-sukrjl22 102 34 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 102 35 immune immune JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 102 36 responses response NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 102 37 have have VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 102 38 developed develop VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 102 39 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 103 1 Determination determination NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 103 2 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 103 3 whether whether IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 103 4 microglia microglia NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 103 5 follow follow VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 103 6 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 103 7 similar similar JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 103 8 time time NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 103 9 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 103 10 dependent dependent JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 103 11 role role NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 103 12 following follow VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 103 13 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 103 14 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 103 15 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 103 16 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 103 17 CNS CNS NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 103 18 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 103 19 whether whether IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 103 20 this this DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 103 21 is be VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 103 22 associated associate VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 103 23 with with IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 103 24 changes change NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 103 25 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 103 26 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 103 27 T T NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 103 28 cell cell NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 103 29 response response NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 103 30 remains remain VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 103 31 to to TO cord-330553-sukrjl22 103 32 be be VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 103 33 determined determine VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 103 34 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 104 1 Collectively collectively RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 104 2 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 104 3 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 104 4 studies study NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 104 5 discussed discuss VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 104 6 above above IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 104 7 reveal reveal VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 104 8 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 104 9 critical critical JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 104 10 role role NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 104 11 microglia microglia NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 104 12 play play VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 104 13 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 104 14 protecting protect VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 104 15 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 104 16 host host NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 104 17 from from IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 104 18 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 104 19 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 104 20 induced induce VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 104 21 CNS CNS NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 104 22 disease disease NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 104 23 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 105 1 Elimination elimination NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 105 2 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 105 3 microglia microglia NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 105 4 during during IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 105 5 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 105 6 encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 105 7 led lead VBD cord-330553-sukrjl22 105 8 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 105 9 increased increase VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 105 10 viral viral JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 105 11 titers titer NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 105 12 within within IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 105 13 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 105 14 brain brain NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 105 15 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 105 16 increased increase VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 105 17 mortality mortality NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 105 18 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 105 19 mice mouse NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 105 20 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 106 1 Further further JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 106 2 studies study NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 106 3 are be VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 106 4 needed need VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 106 5 to to TO cord-330553-sukrjl22 106 6 determine determine VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 106 7 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 106 8 mechanism mechanism NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 106 9 by by IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 106 10 which which WDT cord-330553-sukrjl22 106 11 microglia microglia NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 106 12 protect protect VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 106 13 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 106 14 CNS CNS NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 106 15 from from IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 106 16 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 106 17 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 106 18 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 107 1 Potential potential JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 107 2 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 107 3 include include VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 107 4 phagocytosis phagocytosis NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 107 5 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 107 6 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 107 7 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 107 8 infected infect VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 107 9 neurons neuron NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 107 10 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 107 11 production production NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 107 12 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 107 13 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 107 14 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 107 15 / / SYM cord-330553-sukrjl22 107 16 chemokines chemokine NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 107 17 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 107 18 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 107 19 signaling signal VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 107 20 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 107 21 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 107 22 adaptive adaptive JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 107 23 immune immune JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 107 24 system system NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 107 25 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 108 1 Matrix matrix NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 108 2 metalloproteinases metalloproteinase NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 108 3 ( ( -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 108 4 MMPs MMPs NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 108 5 ) ) -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 108 6 are be VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 108 7 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 108 8 family family NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 108 9 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 108 10 proteins protein NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 108 11 whose whose WP$ cord-330553-sukrjl22 108 12 major major JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 108 13 function function NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 108 14 is be VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 108 15 remodeling remodel VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 108 16 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 108 17 extracellular extracellular JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 108 18 complex complex NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 108 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 108 20 EC EC NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 108 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 108 22 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 108 23 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 108 24 BBB BBB NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 108 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 108 26 77 77 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 108 27 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 108 28 78 78 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 108 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 108 30 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 109 1 They -PRON- PRP cord-330553-sukrjl22 109 2 have have VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 109 3 also also RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 109 4 been be VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 109 5 shown show VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 109 6 to to TO cord-330553-sukrjl22 109 7 play play VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 109 8 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 109 9 role role NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 109 10 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 109 11 immunity immunity NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 109 12 by by IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 109 13 modulating modulate VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 109 14 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 109 15 trafficking trafficking NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 109 16 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 109 17 immune immune JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 109 18 cells cell NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 109 19 into into IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 109 20 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 109 21 CNS CNS NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 109 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 109 23 79 79 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 109 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 109 25 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 110 1 MMP9 MMP9 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 110 2 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 110 3 is be VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 110 4 expressed express VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 110 5 by by IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 110 6 microglia microglia NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 110 7 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 110 8 78 78 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 110 9 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 110 10 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 110 11 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 110 12 has have VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 110 13 been be VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 110 14 shown show VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 110 15 to to TO cord-330553-sukrjl22 110 16 be be VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 110 17 important important JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 110 18 for for IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 110 19 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 110 20 entry entry NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 110 21 into into IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 110 22 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 110 23 brain brain NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 110 24 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 110 25 77 77 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 110 26 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 110 27 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 111 1 MMP9 mmp9 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 111 2 knockout knockout NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 111 3 mice mouse NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 111 4 infected infect VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 111 5 with with IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 111 6 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 111 7 show show NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 111 8 decreased decrease VBD cord-330553-sukrjl22 111 9 viral viral JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 111 10 loads load NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 111 11 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 111 12 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 111 13 brain brain NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 111 14 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 111 15 but but CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 111 16 not not RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 111 17 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 111 18 periphery periphery NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 111 19 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 111 20 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 111 21 increased increase VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 111 22 survival survival NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 111 23 when when WRB cord-330553-sukrjl22 111 24 compared compare VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 111 25 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 111 26 wild wild JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 111 27 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 111 28 type type NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 111 29 ( ( -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 111 30 WT WT NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 111 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 111 32 mice mouse NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 111 33 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 111 34 77 77 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 111 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 111 36 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 112 1 Resistance resistance NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 112 2 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 112 3 lethal lethal JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 112 4 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 112 5 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 112 6 coincided coincide VBD cord-330553-sukrjl22 112 7 with with IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 112 8 an an DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 112 9 intact intact JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 112 10 BBB bbb NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 112 11 as as IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 112 12 shown show VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 112 13 by by IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 112 14 reduced reduce VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 112 15 Evan Evan NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 112 16 's 's POS cord-330553-sukrjl22 112 17 Blue Blue NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 112 18 Dye Dye NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 112 19 leakage leakage NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 112 20 into into IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 112 21 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 112 22 brain brain NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 112 23 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 112 24 indicating indicate VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 112 25 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 112 26 role role NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 112 27 for for IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 112 28 MM9P MM9P NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 112 29 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 112 30 altering alter VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 112 31 permeability permeability NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 112 32 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 112 33 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 112 34 BBB BBB NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 112 35 during during IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 112 36 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 112 37 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 112 38 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 112 39 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 112 40 77 77 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 112 41 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 112 42 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 113 1 An an DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 113 2 additional additional JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 113 3 mechanism mechanism NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 113 4 by by IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 113 5 which which WDT cord-330553-sukrjl22 113 6 microglia microglia NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 113 7 may may MD cord-330553-sukrjl22 113 8 contribute contribute VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 113 9 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 113 10 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 113 11 entry entry NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 113 12 into into IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 113 13 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 113 14 brain brain NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 113 15 involves involve VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 113 16 intercellular intercellular JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 113 17 adhesion adhesion NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 113 18 molecule molecule NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 113 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 113 20 ICAM-1 ICAM-1 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 113 21 ) ) -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 113 22 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 113 23 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 113 24 surface surface NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 113 25 glycoprotein glycoprotein NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 113 26 involved involve VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 113 27 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 113 28 cellular cellular JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 113 29 extravasation extravasation NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 113 30 into into IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 113 31 sites site NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 113 32 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 113 33 inflammation inflammation NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 113 34 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 114 1 ICAM-1 ICAM-1 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 114 2 is be VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 114 3 expressed express VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 114 4 by by IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 114 5 several several JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 114 6 cell cell NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 114 7 types type NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 114 8 including include VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 114 9 microglia microglia NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 114 10 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 114 11 80 80 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 114 12 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 114 13 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 115 1 The the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 115 2 expression expression NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 115 3 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 115 4 ICAM-1 icam-1 NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 115 5 on on IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 115 6 microglia microglia NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 115 7 may may MD cord-330553-sukrjl22 115 8 contribute contribute VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 115 9 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 115 10 extravasation extravasation NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 115 11 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 115 12 leukocytes leukocyte NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 115 13 via via IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 115 14 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 115 15 " " `` cord-330553-sukrjl22 115 16 Trojan Trojan NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 115 17 horse horse NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 115 18 " " '' cord-330553-sukrjl22 115 19 method method NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 115 20 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 115 21 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 115 22 which which WDT cord-330553-sukrjl22 115 23 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 115 24 virus virus NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 115 25 gains gain VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 115 26 access access NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 115 27 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 115 28 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 115 29 CNS CNS NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 115 30 through through IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 115 31 infected infected JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 115 32 leukocytes leukocyte NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 115 33 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 115 34 17 17 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 115 35 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 115 36 81 81 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 115 37 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 115 38 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 116 1 Indeed indeed RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 116 2 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 116 3 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 116 4 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 116 5 has have VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 116 6 been be VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 116 7 shown show VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 116 8 to to TO cord-330553-sukrjl22 116 9 induce induce VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 116 10 ICAM-1 icam-1 JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 116 11 expression expression NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 116 12 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 116 13 human human JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 116 14 endothelial endothelial JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 116 15 cells cell NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 116 16 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 116 17 mouse mouse NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 116 18 brains brain NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 116 19 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 116 20 leading lead VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 116 21 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 116 22 disruption disruption NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 116 23 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 116 24 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 116 25 BBB BBB NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 116 26 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 116 27 increased increase VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 116 28 leukocyte leukocyte NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 116 29 infiltration infiltration NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 116 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 116 31 82 82 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 116 32 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 116 33 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 117 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-330553-sukrjl22 117 2 was be VBD cord-330553-sukrjl22 117 3 also also RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 117 4 found find VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 117 5 that that IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 117 6 this this DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 117 7 process process NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 117 8 can can MD cord-330553-sukrjl22 117 9 be be VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 117 10 reversed reverse VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 117 11 through through IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 117 12 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 117 13 use use NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 117 14 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 117 15 blocking block VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 117 16 antibodies antibody NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 117 17 against against IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 117 18 ICAM-1 ICAM-1 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 117 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 117 20 82 82 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 117 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 117 22 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 118 1 Individuals individual NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 118 2 recovering recover VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 118 3 from from IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 118 4 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 118 5 encephalitis encephalitis NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 118 6 may may MD cord-330553-sukrjl22 118 7 experience experience VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 118 8 long long JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 118 9 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 118 10 term term NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 118 11 neurological neurological JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 118 12 deficits deficit NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 118 13 resulting result VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 118 14 from from IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 118 15 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 118 16 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 118 17 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 118 18 3 3 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 118 19 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 118 20 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 119 1 This this DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 119 2 effect effect NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 119 3 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 119 4 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 119 5 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 119 6 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 119 7 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 119 8 CNS CNS NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 119 9 is be VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 119 10 being be VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 119 11 extensively extensively RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 119 12 studied study VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 119 13 as as IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 119 14 an an DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 119 15 increased increase VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 119 16 understanding understanding NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 119 17 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 119 18 why why WRB cord-330553-sukrjl22 119 19 these these DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 119 20 impairments impairment NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 119 21 occur occur VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 119 22 will will MD cord-330553-sukrjl22 119 23 likely likely RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 119 24 lead lead VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 119 25 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 119 26 an an DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 119 27 improvement improvement NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 119 28 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 119 29 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 119 30 long long JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 119 31 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 119 32 term term NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 119 33 outcomes outcome NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 119 34 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 119 35 recovering recover VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 119 36 patients patient NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 119 37 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 120 1 A a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 120 2 predominant predominant JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 120 3 theory theory NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 120 4 is be VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 120 5 that that IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 120 6 microglia microglia NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 120 7 activated activate VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 120 8 by by IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 120 9 memory memory NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 120 10 T T NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 120 11 cells cell NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 120 12 may may MD cord-330553-sukrjl22 120 13 contribute contribute VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 120 14 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 120 15 neuronal neuronal JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 120 16 damage damage NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 120 17 following follow VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 120 18 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 120 19 with with IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 120 20 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 120 21 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 120 22 83 83 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 120 23 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 120 24 84 84 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 120 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 120 26 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 121 1 Following follow VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 121 2 initiation initiation NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 121 3 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 121 4 innate innate JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 121 5 immune immune JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 121 6 responses response NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 121 7 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 121 8 activated activate VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 121 9 microglia microglia NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 121 10 release release NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 121 11 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 121 12 that that WDT cord-330553-sukrjl22 121 13 signal signal VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 121 14 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 121 15 peripheral peripheral JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 121 16 immune immune JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 121 17 cells cell NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 121 18 to to TO cord-330553-sukrjl22 121 19 infiltrate infiltrate VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 121 20 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 121 21 CNS CNS NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 121 22 to to TO cord-330553-sukrjl22 121 23 clear clear VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 121 24 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 121 25 viral viral JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 121 26 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 121 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 121 28 24 24 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 121 29 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 121 30 28 28 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 121 31 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 121 32 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 122 1 CD8 CD8 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 122 2 + + CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 122 3 T T NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 122 4 cells cell NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 122 5 mediate mediate VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 122 6 viral viral JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 122 7 control control NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 122 8 through through IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 122 9 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 122 10 secretion secretion NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 122 11 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 122 12 effector effector NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 122 13 molecules molecule NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 122 14 such such JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 122 15 as as IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 122 16 granzymes granzymes NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 122 17 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 122 18 perforin perforin NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 122 19 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 122 20 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 122 21 interferon interferon NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 122 22 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 122 23 γ γ NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 122 24 ( ( -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 122 25 IFNγ IFNγ NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 122 26 ) ) -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 122 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 122 28 85 85 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 122 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 122 30 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 123 1 While while IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 123 2 CD8 CD8 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 123 3 + + CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 123 4 T T NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 123 5 cells cell NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 123 6 are be VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 123 7 necessary necessary JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 123 8 for for IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 123 9 proper proper JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 123 10 clearance clearance NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 123 11 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 123 12 virus virus NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 123 13 from from IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 123 14 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 123 15 CNS CNS NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 123 16 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 123 17 86 86 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 123 18 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 123 19 87 87 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 123 20 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 123 21 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 123 22 they -PRON- PRP cord-330553-sukrjl22 123 23 also also RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 123 24 seem seem VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 123 25 to to TO cord-330553-sukrjl22 123 26 contribute contribute VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 123 27 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 123 28 neurological neurological JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 123 29 deficits deficit NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 123 30 following follow VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 123 31 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 123 32 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 123 33 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 123 34 83 83 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 123 35 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 123 36 84 84 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 123 37 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 123 38 88 88 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 123 39 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 123 40 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 124 1 Once once RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 124 2 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 124 3 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 124 4 CNS CNS NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 124 5 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 124 6 CD8 CD8 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 124 7 + + CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 124 8 T T NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 124 9 cells cell NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 124 10 will will MD cord-330553-sukrjl22 124 11 differentiate differentiate VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 124 12 into into IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 124 13 brain brain NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 124 14 resident resident NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 124 15 memory memory NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 124 16 T T NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 124 17 cells cell NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 124 18 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 124 19 which which WDT cord-330553-sukrjl22 124 20 are be VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 124 21 important important JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 124 22 for for IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 124 23 protection protection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 124 24 from from IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 124 25 reinfection reinfection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 124 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 124 27 85 85 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 124 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 124 29 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 125 1 These these DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 125 2 T t NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 125 3 cells cell NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 125 4 remain remain VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 125 5 within within IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 125 6 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 125 7 CNS CNS NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 125 8 for for IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 125 9 months month NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 125 10 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 125 11 years year NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 125 12 following follow VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 125 13 neurotropic neurotropic NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 125 14 viral viral JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 125 15 infections infection NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 125 16 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 125 17 studies study NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 125 18 have have VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 125 19 shown show VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 125 20 that that IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 125 21 these these DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 125 22 memory memory NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 125 23 T t NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 125 24 cells cell NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 125 25 promote promote VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 125 26 microglia microglia NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 125 27 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 125 28 mediated mediate VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 125 29 synaptic synaptic JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 125 30 elimination elimination NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 125 31 following follow VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 125 32 neuroinvasive neuroinvasive JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 125 33 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 125 34 infections infection NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 125 35 contributing contribute VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 125 36 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 125 37 cognitive cognitive JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 125 38 impairment impairment NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 125 39 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 126 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 126 2 83 83 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 126 3 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 126 4 88 88 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 126 5 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 126 6 89 89 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 126 7 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 126 8 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 127 1 A a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 127 2 recent recent JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 127 3 study study NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 127 4 used use VBD cord-330553-sukrjl22 127 5 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 127 6 mouse mouse NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 127 7 model model NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 127 8 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 127 9 viral viral JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 127 10 encephalitis encephalitis NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 127 11 to to TO cord-330553-sukrjl22 127 12 show show VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 127 13 that that IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 127 14 T T NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 127 15 cells cell NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 127 16 promote promote VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 127 17 microglia microglia NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 127 18 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 127 19 mediated mediate VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 127 20 loss loss NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 127 21 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 127 22 synapses synapsis NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 127 23 following follow VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 127 24 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 127 25 with with IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 127 26 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 127 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 127 28 83 83 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 127 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 127 30 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 128 1 This this DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 128 2 study study NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 128 3 found find VBD cord-330553-sukrjl22 128 4 an an DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 128 5 increase increase NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 128 6 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 128 7 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 128 8 number number NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 128 9 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 128 10 microglia microglia NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 128 11 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 128 12 expressing express VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 128 13 markers marker NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 128 14 indicative indicative JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 128 15 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 128 16 activation activation NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 128 17 induced induce VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 128 18 by by IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 128 19 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 128 20 T T NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 128 21 cell cell NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 128 22 cytokine cytokine NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 128 23 IFN IFN NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 128 24 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 128 25 γ γ NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 128 26 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 128 27 83 83 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 128 28 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 128 29 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 129 1 Analysis analysis NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 129 2 by by IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 129 3 qPCR qPCR NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 129 4 also also RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 129 5 revealed reveal VBD cord-330553-sukrjl22 129 6 increased increased JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 129 7 expression expression NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 129 8 IFN IFN NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 129 9 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 129 10 γ γ NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 129 11 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 129 12 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 129 13 hippocampus hippocampus NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 129 14 following follow VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 129 15 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 129 16 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 129 17 throughout throughout IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 129 18 recovery recovery NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 129 19 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 130 1 In in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 130 2 addition addition NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 130 3 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 130 4 mice mouse NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 130 5 deficient deficient JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 130 6 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 130 7 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 130 8 expression expression NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 130 9 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 130 10 IFN IFN NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 130 11 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 130 12 γ γ NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 130 13 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 130 14 WT WT NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 130 15 mice mouse NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 130 16 were be VBD cord-330553-sukrjl22 130 17 infected infect VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 130 18 with with IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 130 19 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 130 20 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 131 1 Mice mouse NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 131 2 lacking lack VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 131 3 IFN IFN NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 131 4 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 131 5 γ γ NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 131 6 showed show VBD cord-330553-sukrjl22 131 7 no no DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 131 8 differences difference NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 131 9 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 131 10 survival survival NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 131 11 or or CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 131 12 weight weight NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 131 13 loss loss NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 131 14 when when WRB cord-330553-sukrjl22 131 15 compared compare VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 131 16 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 131 17 WT wt NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 131 18 mice mouse NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 131 19 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 131 20 83 83 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 131 21 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 131 22 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 132 1 However however RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 132 2 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 132 3 WT WT NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 132 4 mice mouse NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 132 5 showed show VBD cord-330553-sukrjl22 132 6 special special JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 132 7 learning learning NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 132 8 deficits deficit NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 132 9 on on IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 132 10 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 132 11 Barnes Barnes NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 132 12 maze maze NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 132 13 test test NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 132 14 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 132 15 while while IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 132 16 Ifngr1-/mice ifngr1-/mice CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 132 17 were be VBD cord-330553-sukrjl22 132 18 protected protect VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 132 19 from from IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 132 20 this this DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 132 21 outcome outcome NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 132 22 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 132 23 83 83 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 132 24 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 132 25 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 133 1 This this DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 133 2 study study NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 133 3 shows show VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 133 4 that that IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 133 5 during during IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 133 6 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 133 7 process process NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 133 8 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 133 9 viral viral JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 133 10 clearance clearance NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 133 11 following follow VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 133 12 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 133 13 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 133 14 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 133 15 IFN IFN NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 133 16 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 133 17 γ γ NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 133 18 produced produce VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 133 19 by by IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 133 20 memory memory NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 133 21 T T NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 133 22 cells cell NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 133 23 can can MD cord-330553-sukrjl22 133 24 alter alter VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 133 25 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 133 26 function function NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 133 27 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 133 28 microglia microglia NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 133 29 leading lead VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 133 30 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 133 31 elimination elimination NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 133 32 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 133 33 synapses synapsis NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 133 34 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 134 1 The the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 134 2 complement complement NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 134 3 cascade cascade NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 134 4 is be VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 134 5 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 134 6 component component NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 134 7 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 134 8 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 134 9 innate innate JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 134 10 immune immune JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 134 11 response response NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 134 12 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 134 13 which which WDT cord-330553-sukrjl22 134 14 plays play VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 134 15 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 134 16 key key JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 134 17 role role NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 134 18 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 134 19 defense defense NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 134 20 from from IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 134 21 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 134 22 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 135 1 During during IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 135 2 early early JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 135 3 development development NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 135 4 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 135 5 microglia microglia NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 135 6 are be VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 135 7 involved involve VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 135 8 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 135 9 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 135 10 process process NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 135 11 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 135 12 synaptic synaptic JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 135 13 pruning pruning NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 135 14 within within IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 135 15 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 135 16 nervous nervous JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 135 17 system system NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 135 18 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 135 19 which which WDT cord-330553-sukrjl22 135 20 is be VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 135 21 dependent dependent JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 135 22 on on IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 135 23 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 135 24 classical classical JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 135 25 complement complement NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 135 26 cascade cascade NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 135 27 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 135 28 90 90 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 135 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 135 30 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 135 31 91 91 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 135 32 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 135 33 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 135 34 92 92 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 135 35 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 136 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 136 2 93 93 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 136 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 136 4 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 137 1 The the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 137 2 mechanism mechanism NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 137 3 by by IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 137 4 which which WDT cord-330553-sukrjl22 137 5 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 137 6 IFN IFN NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 137 7 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 137 8 γ γ NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 137 9 activated activate VBD cord-330553-sukrjl22 137 10 microglia microglia NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 137 11 eliminate eliminate VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 137 12 synapses synapsis NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 137 13 seems seem VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 137 14 to to TO cord-330553-sukrjl22 137 15 be be VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 137 16 dependent dependent JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 137 17 on on IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 137 18 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 137 19 complement complement NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 137 20 system system NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 137 21 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 138 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-330553-sukrjl22 138 2 was be VBD cord-330553-sukrjl22 138 3 found find VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 138 4 that that IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 138 5 brain brain NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 138 6 regions region NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 138 7 retrieved retrieve VBD cord-330553-sukrjl22 138 8 from from IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 138 9 mice mouse NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 138 10 that that WDT cord-330553-sukrjl22 138 11 had have VBD cord-330553-sukrjl22 138 12 recovered recover VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 138 13 from from IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 138 14 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 138 15 showed show VBD cord-330553-sukrjl22 138 16 increased increased JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 138 17 expression expression NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 138 18 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 138 19 genes gene NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 138 20 involved involve VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 138 21 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 138 22 microglial microglial JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 138 23 synaptic synaptic JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 138 24 elimination elimination NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 138 25 by by IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 138 26 components component NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 138 27 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 138 28 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 138 29 complement complement NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 138 30 system system NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 138 31 such such JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 138 32 as as IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 138 33 C1QA C1QA NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 138 34 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 138 35 84 84 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 138 36 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 138 37 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 139 1 Mice mouse NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 139 2 with with IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 139 3 either either CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 139 4 fewer few JJR cord-330553-sukrjl22 139 5 microglia microglia NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 139 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 139 7 due due JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 139 8 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 139 9 lacking lack VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 139 10 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 139 11 CSF1R CSF1R NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 139 12 ligand ligand NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 139 13 IL-34 IL-34 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 139 14 ) ) -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 139 15 or or CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 139 16 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 139 17 deficiency deficiency NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 139 18 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 139 19 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 139 20 C3 C3 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 139 21 complement complement NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 139 22 receptor receptor NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 139 23 showed show VBD cord-330553-sukrjl22 139 24 increased increase VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 139 25 protection protection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 139 26 from from IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 139 27 microglia microglia NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 139 28 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 139 29 mediated mediate VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 139 30 synapse synapse NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 139 31 elimination elimination NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 139 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 139 33 84 84 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 139 34 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 139 35 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 140 1 This this DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 140 2 study study NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 140 3 suggests suggest VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 140 4 that that IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 140 5 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 140 6 complement complement NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 140 7 cascade cascade NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 140 8 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 140 9 especially especially RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 140 10 microglial microglial JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 140 11 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 140 12 C3 C3 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 140 13 is be VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 140 14 responsible responsible JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 140 15 for for IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 140 16 synaptic synaptic JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 140 17 elimination elimination NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 140 18 seen see VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 140 19 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 140 20 mice mouse NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 140 21 following follow VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 140 22 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 140 23 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 140 24 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 140 25 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 140 26 brain brain NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 140 27 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 141 1 Collectively collectively RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 141 2 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 141 3 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 141 4 studies study NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 141 5 discussed discuss VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 141 6 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 141 7 this this DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 141 8 section section NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 141 9 provide provide VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 141 10 evidence evidence NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 141 11 for for IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 141 12 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 141 13 mechanism mechanism NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 141 14 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 141 15 neuronal neuronal JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 141 16 damage damage NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 141 17 following follow VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 141 18 neuroinvasive neuroinvasive JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 141 19 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 141 20 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 141 21 involving involve VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 141 22 interactions interaction NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 141 23 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 141 24 which which WDT cord-330553-sukrjl22 141 25 microglia microglia NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 141 26 are be VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 141 27 promoted promote VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 141 28 by by IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 141 29 memory memory NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 141 30 T T NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 141 31 cells cell NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 141 32 to to TO cord-330553-sukrjl22 141 33 eliminate eliminate VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 141 34 synapses synapsis NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 141 35 that that WDT cord-330553-sukrjl22 141 36 have have VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 141 37 been be VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 141 38 targeted target VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 141 39 by by IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 141 40 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 141 41 complement complement NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 141 42 cascade cascade NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 141 43 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 142 1 Understanding understand VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 142 2 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 142 3 dynamics dynamic NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 142 4 between between IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 142 5 T t NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 142 6 cells cell NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 142 7 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 142 8 microglia microglia NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 142 9 following follow VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 142 10 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 142 11 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 142 12 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 142 13 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 142 14 CNS CNS NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 142 15 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 142 16 how how WRB cord-330553-sukrjl22 142 17 microglia microglia NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 142 18 may may MD cord-330553-sukrjl22 142 19 contribute contribute VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 142 20 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 142 21 neurological neurological JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 142 22 sequalae sequalae NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 142 23 could could MD cord-330553-sukrjl22 142 24 provide provide VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 142 25 important important JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 142 26 insight insight NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 142 27 into into IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 142 28 potential potential JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 142 29 treatments treatment NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 142 30 for for IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 142 31 patients patient NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 142 32 recovering recover VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 142 33 from from IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 142 34 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 142 35 encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 142 36 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 143 1 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 143 2 maintain maintain VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 143 3 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 143 4 variety variety NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 143 5 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 143 6 functions function NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 143 7 within within IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 143 8 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 143 9 CNS CNS NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 143 10 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 143 11 which which WDT cord-330553-sukrjl22 143 12 are be VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 143 13 critical critical JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 143 14 for for IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 143 15 protection protection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 143 16 from from IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 143 17 pathogens pathogen NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 143 18 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 143 19 homeostatic homeostatic JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 143 20 maintenance maintenance NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 143 21 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 143 22 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 143 23 early early JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 143 24 development development NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 143 25 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 143 26 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 143 27 CNS CNS NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 143 28 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 144 1 These these DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 144 2 roles role NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 144 3 are be VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 144 4 summarized summarize VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 144 5 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 144 6 Table Table NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 144 7 1 1 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 144 8 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 145 1 In in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 145 2 this this DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 145 3 review review NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 145 4 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 145 5 we -PRON- PRP cord-330553-sukrjl22 145 6 have have VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 145 7 highlighted highlight VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 145 8 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 145 9 important important JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 145 10 role role NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 145 11 microglia microglia NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 145 12 play play VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 145 13 during during IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 145 14 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 145 15 neuroinvasive neuroinvasive JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 145 16 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 145 17 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 145 18 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 146 1 Although although IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 146 2 it -PRON- PRP cord-330553-sukrjl22 146 3 is be VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 146 4 evident evident JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 146 5 that that IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 146 6 microglia microglia NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 146 7 are be VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 146 8 essential essential JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 146 9 for for IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 146 10 protection protection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 146 11 from from IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 146 12 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 146 13 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 146 14 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 146 15 mechanism mechanism NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 146 16 behind behind IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 146 17 how how WRB cord-330553-sukrjl22 146 18 microglia microglia JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 146 19 limit limit VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 146 20 viral viral JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 146 21 growth growth NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 146 22 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 146 23 mortality mortality NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 146 24 remains remain VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 146 25 unclear unclear JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 146 26 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 147 1 The the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 147 2 multiple multiple JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 147 3 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 147 4 complex complex JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 147 5 roles role NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 147 6 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 147 7 microglia microglia NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 147 8 during during IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 147 9 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 147 10 infections infection NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 147 11 are be VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 147 12 pictured picture VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 147 13 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 147 14 Figure figure NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 147 15 2 2 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 147 16 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 148 1 Future future JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 148 2 studies study NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 148 3 should should MD cord-330553-sukrjl22 148 4 focus focus VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 148 5 on on IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 148 6 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 148 7 precise precise JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 148 8 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 148 9 by by IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 148 10 which which WDT cord-330553-sukrjl22 148 11 microglia microglia NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 148 12 protect protect VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 148 13 from from IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 148 14 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 148 15 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 148 16 enhancing enhance VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 148 17 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 148 18 understanding understanding NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 148 19 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 148 20 neuroinflammatory neuroinflammatory NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 148 21 processes process NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 148 22 that that WDT cord-330553-sukrjl22 148 23 accompany accompany VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 148 24 neuroinvasive neuroinvasive JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 148 25 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 148 26 infections infection NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 148 27 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 149 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-330553-sukrjl22 149 2 still still RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 149 3 remains remain VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 149 4 to to TO cord-330553-sukrjl22 149 5 be be VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 149 6 determined determine VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 149 7 which which WDT cord-330553-sukrjl22 149 8 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 149 9 / / SYM cord-330553-sukrjl22 149 10 chemokines chemokine NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 149 11 are be VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 149 12 produced produce VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 149 13 by by IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 149 14 microglia microglia NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 149 15 during during IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 149 16 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 149 17 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 149 18 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 149 19 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 149 20 why why WRB cord-330553-sukrjl22 149 21 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 149 22 decrease decrease NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 149 23 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 149 24 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 149 25 expression expression NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 149 26 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 149 27 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 149 28 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 149 29 / / SYM cord-330553-sukrjl22 149 30 chemokines chemokine NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 149 31 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 149 32 not not RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 149 33 observed observe VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 149 34 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 149 35 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 149 36 CNS CNS NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 149 37 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 149 38 mice mouse NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 149 39 following follow VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 149 40 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 149 41 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 149 42 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 149 43 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 149 44 presence presence NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 149 45 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 149 46 PLX5622 PLX5622 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 149 47 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 150 1 which which WDT cord-330553-sukrjl22 150 2 may may MD cord-330553-sukrjl22 150 3 lead lead VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 150 4 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 150 5 altered altered JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 150 6 outcomes outcome NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 150 7 when when WRB cord-330553-sukrjl22 150 8 comparing compare VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 150 9 human human NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 150 10 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 150 11 mouse mouse NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 150 12 infections infection NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 150 13 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 150 14 96 96 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 150 15 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 150 16 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 151 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-330553-sukrjl22 151 2 is be VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 151 3 vital vital JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 151 4 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 151 5 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 151 6 complete complete JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 151 7 understanding understanding NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 151 8 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 151 9 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 151 10 role role NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 151 11 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 151 12 microglia microglia NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 151 13 during during IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 151 14 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 151 15 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 151 16 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 151 17 to to TO cord-330553-sukrjl22 151 18 use use VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 151 19 mouse mouse NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 151 20 studies study NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 151 21 as as IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 151 22 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 151 23 compliment compliment NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 151 24 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 151 25 human human JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 151 26 studies study NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 151 27 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 151 28 not not RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 151 29 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 151 30 replacement replacement NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 151 31 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 152 1 Understanding understand VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 152 2 exactly exactly RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 152 3 how how WRB cord-330553-sukrjl22 152 4 microglia microglia JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 152 5 influence influence NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 153 1 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 153 2 progression progression NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 153 3 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 153 4 recovery recovery NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 153 5 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 153 6 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 153 7 neuroinvasive neuroinvasive JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 153 8 infections infection NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 153 9 will will MD cord-330553-sukrjl22 153 10 allow allow VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 153 11 for for IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 153 12 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 153 13 development development NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 153 14 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 153 15 specific specific JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 153 16 treatments treatment NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 153 17 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 153 18 which which WDT cord-330553-sukrjl22 153 19 could could MD cord-330553-sukrjl22 153 20 provide provide VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 153 21 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 153 22 optimal optimal JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 153 23 outcome outcome NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 153 24 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 153 25 patients patient NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 153 26 recovering recover VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 153 27 from from IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 153 28 this this DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 153 29 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 153 30 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 154 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 154 2 3 3 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 154 3 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 154 4 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 155 1 Activated activate VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 155 2 microglia microglia NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 155 3 control control VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 155 4 viral viral JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 155 5 growth growth NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 155 6 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 155 7 reduce reduce VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 155 8 mortality mortality NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 155 9 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 155 10 mice mouse NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 155 11 infected infect VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 155 12 with with IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 155 13 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 155 14 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 155 15 4 4 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 155 16 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 155 17 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 155 18 likely likely RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 155 19 due due IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 155 20 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 155 21 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 155 22 combination combination NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 155 23 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 155 24 microglial microglial JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 155 25 phagocytosis phagocytosis NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 155 26 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 155 27 infected infected JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 155 28 neurons neuron NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 155 29 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 155 30 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 155 31 release release NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 155 32 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 155 33 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 155 34 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 155 35 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 155 36 which which WDT cord-330553-sukrjl22 155 37 contribute contribute VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 155 38 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 155 39 neuroinflammation neuroinflammation NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 155 40 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 155 41 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 155 42 recruitment recruitment NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 155 43 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 155 44 lymphocytes lymphocyte NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 155 45 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 155 46 3 3 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 155 47 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 155 48 5 5 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 155 49 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 155 50 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 156 1 In in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 156 2 some some DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 156 3 cases case NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 156 4 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 156 5 released release VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 156 6 cytokines cytokine NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 156 7 may may MD cord-330553-sukrjl22 156 8 contribute contribute VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 156 9 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 156 10 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 156 11 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 156 12 induced induce VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 156 13 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 156 14 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 157 1 MMP9 MMP9 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 157 2 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 157 3 ICAM-1 icam-1 JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 157 4 expression expression NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 157 5 by by IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 157 6 microglia microglia NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 157 7 may may MD cord-330553-sukrjl22 157 8 enhance enhance VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 157 9 viral viral JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 157 10 entry entry NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 157 11 into into IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 157 12 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 157 13 CNS CNS NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 157 14 through through IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 157 15 breakdown breakdown NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 157 16 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 157 17 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 157 18 BBB BBB NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 157 19 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 157 20 extravasation extravasation NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 157 21 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 157 22 potentially potentially RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 157 23 infected infected JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 157 24 leukocytes leukocyte NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 157 25 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 157 26 6 6 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 157 27 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 157 28 7 7 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 157 29 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 157 30 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 158 1 LONG long JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 158 2 TERM term NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 158 3 EFFECTS effects NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 158 4 : : : cord-330553-sukrjl22 159 1 Following follow VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 159 2 infiltration infiltration NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 159 3 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 159 4 T t NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 159 5 cells cell NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 159 6 into into IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 159 7 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 159 8 CNS CNS NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 159 9 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 159 10 microglia microglia NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 159 11 may may MD cord-330553-sukrjl22 159 12 contribute contribute VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 159 13 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 159 14 synaptic synaptic JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 159 15 damage damage NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 159 16 triggered trigger VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 159 17 by by IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 159 18 IFNγ IFNγ NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 159 19 produced produce VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 159 20 by by IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 159 21 memory memory NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 159 22 CD8 CD8 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 159 23 + + CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 159 24 T T NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 159 25 cells cell NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 159 26 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 159 27 enhanced enhance VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 159 28 by by IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 159 29 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 159 30 complement complement NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 159 31 cascade cascade NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 159 32 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 159 33 8 8 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 159 34 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 159 35 9 9 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 159 36 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 159 37 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 160 1 This this DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 160 2 synaptic synaptic JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 160 3 elimination elimination NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 160 4 leads lead VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 160 5 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 160 6 neurological neurological JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 160 7 damage damage NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 160 8 during during IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 160 9 recovery recovery NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 160 10 from from IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 160 11 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 160 12 encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 160 13 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 160 14 9 9 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 160 15 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 160 16 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 161 1 Green Green NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 161 2 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 161 3 Red red JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 161 4 indicator indicator NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 161 5 arrows arrow NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 161 6 designate designate VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 161 7 protective protective JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 161 8 ( ( -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 161 9 green green JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 161 10 ) ) -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 161 11 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 161 12 non non JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 161 13 - - JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 161 14 protective protective JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 161 15 ( ( -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 161 16 red red JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 161 17 ) ) -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 161 18 microglial microglial JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 161 19 responses response NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 161 20 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 162 1 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 162 2 83 83 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 162 3 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 162 4 84 84 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 162 5 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 163 1 While while IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 163 2 microglia microglia NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 163 3 are be VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 163 4 protective protective JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 163 5 during during IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 163 6 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 163 7 initial initial JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 163 8 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 163 9 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 163 10 vital vital JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 163 11 for for IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 163 12 resolution resolution NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 163 13 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 163 14 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 163 15 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 163 16 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 163 17 potentially potentially RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 163 18 dysregulated dysregulate VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 163 19 microglia microglia JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 163 20 responses response NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 163 21 driven drive VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 163 22 by by IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 163 23 T T NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 163 24 cells cell NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 163 25 may may MD cord-330553-sukrjl22 163 26 contribute contribute VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 163 27 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 163 28 neurological neurological JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 163 29 damage damage NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 163 30 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 163 31 long long JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 163 32 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 163 33 term term NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 163 34 impairment impairment NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 163 35 during during IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 163 36 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 163 37 recovery recovery NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 163 38 stages stage NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 163 39 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 164 1 Targeting target VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 164 2 microglial microglial JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 164 3 responses response NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 164 4 during during IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 164 5 both both CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 164 6 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 164 7 initial initial JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 164 8 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 164 9 late late JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 164 10 stages stage NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 164 11 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 164 12 infections infection NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 164 13 may may MD cord-330553-sukrjl22 164 14 offer offer VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 164 15 new new JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 164 16 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 164 17 options option NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 164 18 for for IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 164 19 human human JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 164 20 patients patient NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 164 21 with with IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 164 22 neuroinvasive neuroinvasive JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 164 23 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 164 24 infections infection NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 164 25 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 165 1 For for IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 165 2 example example NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 165 3 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 165 4 it -PRON- PRP cord-330553-sukrjl22 165 5 may may MD cord-330553-sukrjl22 165 6 be be VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 165 7 beneficial beneficial JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 165 8 to to TO cord-330553-sukrjl22 165 9 enhance enhance VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 165 10 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 165 11 activity activity NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 165 12 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 165 13 microglia microglia NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 165 14 during during IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 165 15 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 165 16 initial initial JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 165 17 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 165 18 to to TO cord-330553-sukrjl22 165 19 provide provide VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 165 20 enhanced enhanced JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 165 21 protection protection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 165 22 but but CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 165 23 then then RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 165 24 limit limit VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 165 25 microglial microglial JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 165 26 activation activation NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 165 27 during during IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 165 28 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 165 29 recovery recovery NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 165 30 stages stage NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 165 31 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 165 32 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 165 33 to to TO cord-330553-sukrjl22 165 34 improve improve VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 165 35 long long JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 165 36 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 165 37 term term NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 165 38 outcomes outcome NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 165 39 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 166 1 One one CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 166 2 promising promising JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 166 3 treatment treatment NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 166 4 that that WDT cord-330553-sukrjl22 166 5 may may MD cord-330553-sukrjl22 166 6 be be VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 166 7 used use VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 166 8 during during IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 166 9 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 166 10 initial initial JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 166 11 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 166 12 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 166 13 to to TO cord-330553-sukrjl22 166 14 improve improve VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 166 15 survival survival NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 166 16 is be VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 166 17 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 166 18 use use NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 166 19 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 166 20 granulocyte granulocyte NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 166 21 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 166 22 macrophage macrophage NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 166 23 colony colony NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 166 24 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 166 25 stimulating stimulate VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 166 26 factor factor NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 166 27 ( ( -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 166 28 GM GM NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 166 29 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 166 30 CSF CSF NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 166 31 ) ) -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 166 32 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 166 33 which which WDT cord-330553-sukrjl22 166 34 promotes promote VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 166 35 growth growth NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 166 36 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 166 37 activation activation NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 166 38 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 166 39 microglia microglia NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 166 40 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 166 41 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 166 42 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 166 43 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 166 44 other other JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 166 45 myeloid myeloid NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 166 46 cells cell NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 166 47 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 166 48 75 75 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 166 49 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 166 50 94 94 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 166 51 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 166 52 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 167 1 This this DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 167 2 drug drug NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 167 3 is be VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 167 4 currently currently RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 167 5 available available JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 167 6 ( ( -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 167 7 Leukine Leukine NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 167 8 ) ) -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 167 9 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 167 10 is be VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 167 11 used use VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 167 12 to to TO cord-330553-sukrjl22 167 13 treat treat VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 167 14 leucopenic leucopenic JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 167 15 patients patient NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 167 16 as as RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 167 17 well well RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 167 18 as as IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 167 19 being be VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 167 20 investigated investigate VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 167 21 as as IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 167 22 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 167 23 treatment treatment NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 167 24 for for IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 167 25 Alzheimer Alzheimer NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 167 26 's 's POS cord-330553-sukrjl22 167 27 disease disease NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 167 28 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 167 29 95 95 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 167 30 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 167 31 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 168 1 Another another DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 168 2 study study NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 168 3 showed show VBD cord-330553-sukrjl22 168 4 that that IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 168 5 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 168 6 anti anti JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 168 7 - - JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 168 8 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 168 9 drug drug NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 168 10 minocycline minocycline NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 168 11 may may MD cord-330553-sukrjl22 168 12 be be VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 168 13 beneficial beneficial JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 168 14 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 168 15 recovery recovery NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 168 16 from from IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 168 17 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 168 18 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 168 19 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 168 20 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 168 21 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 168 22 CNS CNS NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 168 23 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 168 24 42 42 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 168 25 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 168 26 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 169 1 Most Most JJS cord-330553-sukrjl22 169 2 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 169 3 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 169 4 studies study NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 169 5 presented present VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 169 6 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 169 7 this this DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 169 8 review review NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 169 9 utilized utilize VBD cord-330553-sukrjl22 169 10 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 169 11 knockout knockout NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 169 12 mouse mouse NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 169 13 model model NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 169 14 or or CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 169 15 mouse mouse NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 169 16 tissue tissue NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 169 17 model model NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 169 18 to to TO cord-330553-sukrjl22 169 19 investigate investigate VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 169 20 microglia microglia NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 169 21 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 170 1 However however RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 170 2 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 170 3 it -PRON- PRP cord-330553-sukrjl22 170 4 is be VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 170 5 important important JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 170 6 to to TO cord-330553-sukrjl22 170 7 understand understand VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 170 8 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 170 9 limitations limitation NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 170 10 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 170 11 using use VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 170 12 mouse mouse NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 170 13 models model NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 170 14 when when WRB cord-330553-sukrjl22 170 15 studying study VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 170 16 microglia microglia NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 170 17 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 170 18 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 170 19 pathology pathology NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 170 20 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 171 1 Human human JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 171 2 microglia microglia NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 171 3 exhibit exhibit VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 171 4 several several JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 171 5 differences difference NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 171 6 to to TO cord-330553-sukrjl22 171 7 mouse mouse VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 171 8 microglia microglia NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 171 9 including include VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 171 10 increased increase VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 171 11 levels level NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 171 12 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 171 13 several several JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 171 14 immune immune JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 171 15 genes gene NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 171 16 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 171 17 being be VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 171 18 longer long RBR cord-330553-sukrjl22 171 19 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 171 20 lived live VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 171 21 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 171 22 which which WDT cord-330553-sukrjl22 171 23 may may MD cord-330553-sukrjl22 171 24 lead lead VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 171 25 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 171 26 altered altered JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 171 27 outcomes outcome NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 171 28 when when WRB cord-330553-sukrjl22 171 29 comparing compare VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 171 30 human human NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 171 31 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 171 32 mouse mouse NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 171 33 infections infection NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 171 34 [ [ -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 171 35 96 96 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 171 36 ] ] -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 171 37 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 172 1 It -PRON- PRP cord-330553-sukrjl22 172 2 is be VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 172 3 vital vital JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 172 4 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 172 5 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 172 6 complete complete JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 172 7 understanding understanding NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 172 8 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 172 9 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 172 10 role role NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 172 11 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 172 12 microglia microglia NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 172 13 during during IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 172 14 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 172 15 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 172 16 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 172 17 to to TO cord-330553-sukrjl22 172 18 use use VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 172 19 mouse mouse NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 172 20 studies study NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 172 21 as as IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 172 22 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 172 23 compliment compliment NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 172 24 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 172 25 human human JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 172 26 studies study NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 172 27 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 172 28 not not RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 172 29 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 172 30 replacement replacement NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 172 31 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 173 1 Understanding understand VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 173 2 exactly exactly RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 173 3 how how WRB cord-330553-sukrjl22 173 4 microglia microglia JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 173 5 influence influence NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 174 1 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 174 2 progression progression NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 174 3 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 174 4 recovery recovery NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 174 5 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 174 6 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 174 7 neuroinvasive neuroinvasive JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 174 8 infections infection NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 174 9 will will MD cord-330553-sukrjl22 174 10 allow allow VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 174 11 for for IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 174 12 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 174 13 development development NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 174 14 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 174 15 specific specific JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 174 16 treatments treatment NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 174 17 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 174 18 which which WDT cord-330553-sukrjl22 174 19 could could MD cord-330553-sukrjl22 174 20 provide provide VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 174 21 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 174 22 optimal optimal JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 174 23 outcome outcome NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 174 24 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 174 25 patients patient NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 174 26 recovering recover VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 174 27 from from IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 174 28 this this DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 174 29 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 174 30 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 175 1 Author Author NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 175 2 Contributions contribution NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 175 3 : : : cord-330553-sukrjl22 175 4 S.S. S.S. NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 175 5 was be VBD cord-330553-sukrjl22 175 6 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 175 7 primary primary JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 175 8 author author NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 175 9 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 175 10 this this DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 175 11 review review NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 175 12 with with IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 175 13 contributions contribution NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 175 14 by by IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 175 15 P.C. P.C. NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 175 16 P.C. P.C. NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 175 17 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 175 18 K.L.T. K.L.T. NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 175 19 were be VBD cord-330553-sukrjl22 175 20 involved involve VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 175 21 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 175 22 reviewing review VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 175 23 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 175 24 editing edit VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 175 25 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 175 26 manuscript manuscript NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 175 27 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 176 1 All all DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 176 2 authors author NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 176 3 have have VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 176 4 read read VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 176 5 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 176 6 agreed agree VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 176 7 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 176 8 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 176 9 published publish VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 176 10 version version NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 176 11 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 176 12 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 176 13 manuscript manuscript NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 176 14 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 177 1 Funding funding NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 177 2 : : : cord-330553-sukrjl22 178 1 This this DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 178 2 research research NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 178 3 was be VBD cord-330553-sukrjl22 178 4 funded fund VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 178 5 by by IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 178 6 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 178 7 National National NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 178 8 Institute Institute NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 178 9 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 178 10 Health Health NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 178 11 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 178 12 grant grant NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 178 13 number number NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 178 14 NS101208 ns101208 IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 178 15 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 178 16 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 178 17 Department Department NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 178 18 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 178 19 Veterans Veterans NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 178 20 Affairs Affairs NNPS cord-330553-sukrjl22 178 21 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 178 22 grant grant NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 178 23 number number NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 178 24 BX000963 bx000963 NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 178 25 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 179 1 Nile Nile NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 179 2 Virus Virus NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 179 3 : : : cord-330553-sukrjl22 179 4 Review Review NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 179 5 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 179 6 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 179 7 Literature Literature NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 179 8 Long Long NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 179 9 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 179 10 Term term NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 179 11 Prognosis prognosis NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 179 12 for for IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 179 13 Clinical Clinical NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 179 14 West West NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 179 15 Nile Nile NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 179 16 Virus virus NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 179 17 Infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 1 The the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 2 Global Global NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 3 Ecology Ecology NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 4 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 5 Epidemiology Epidemiology NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 6 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 7 West West NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 8 Nile Nile NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 9 Virus Virus NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 10 West West NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 11 Nile Nile NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 12 virus virus NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 13 Clinical clinical JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 14 features feature NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 15 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 16 West West NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 17 Nile Nile NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 18 virus virus NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 19 epidemic epidemic NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 20 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 21 Dallas Dallas NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 22 West West NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 23 Nile Nile NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 24 Virus Virus NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 25 Infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 26 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 27 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 28 Central Central NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 29 Nervous Nervous NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 30 System System NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 31 Matrix Matrix NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 32 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 33 M M NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 34 TM TM NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 35 adjuvanted adjuvante VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 36 envelope envelope NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 37 protein protein NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 38 vaccine vaccine NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 39 protects protect VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 40 against against IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 41 lethal lethal JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 42 lineage lineage NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 43 1 1 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 44 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 45 2 2 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 46 West West NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 47 Nile Nile NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 48 virus virus NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 49 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 50 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 51 mice mouse NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 52 Vaccination vaccination NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 53 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 54 Mice Mice NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 55 Using use VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 56 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 57 West West NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 58 Nile Nile NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 59 Virus Virus NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 60 E E NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 61 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 62 Protein Protein NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 63 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 64 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 65 DNA DNA NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 66 Prime Prime NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 67 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 68 Protein Protein NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 69 Boost Boost NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 70 Strategy Strategy NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 71 Stimulates stimulate VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 72 Cell cell NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 73 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 74 Mediated mediate VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 75 Immunity Immunity NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 76 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 77 Protects protect VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 78 Mice mouse NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 79 against against IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 80 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 81 Lethal lethal JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 180 82 Challenge challenge NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 181 1 The the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 181 2 live live JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 181 3 attenuated attenuated JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 181 4 chimeric chimeric JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 181 5 vaccine vaccine NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 181 6 rWN rWN NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 181 7 / / SYM cord-330553-sukrjl22 181 8 DEN4∆30 den4∆30 NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 181 9 is be VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 181 10 well well RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 181 11 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 181 12 tolerated tolerate VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 181 13 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 181 14 immunogenic immunogenic JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 181 15 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 181 16 healthy healthy JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 181 17 flavivirus flavivirus JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 181 18 - - JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 181 19 naïve naïve JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 181 20 adult adult NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 181 21 volunteers volunteer NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 1 A a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 2 Hydrogen Hydrogen NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 3 Peroxide peroxide NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 4 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 5 Inactivated inactivate VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 6 Virus Virus NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 7 Vaccine Vaccine NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 8 Elicits elicit VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 9 Humoral Humoral NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 10 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 11 Cellular Cellular NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 12 Immunity Immunity NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 13 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 14 Protects protect VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 15 against against IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 16 Lethal Lethal NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 17 West West NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 18 Nile Nile NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 19 Virus Virus NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 20 Infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 21 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 22 Aged Aged NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 23 Mice Mice NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 24 Phase Phase NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 25 II II NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 26 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 27 dose dose NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 28 ranging range VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 29 study study NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 30 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 31 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 32 safety safety NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 33 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 34 immunogenicity immunogenicity NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 35 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 36 single single JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 37 dose dose NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 38 West West NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 39 Nile Nile NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 40 vaccine vaccine NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 41 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 42 healthy healthy JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 43 adults adult NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 44 ≥50 ≥50 IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 45 years year NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 46 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 47 age age NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 48 A a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 49 West West NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 50 Nile Nile NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 51 Virus virus NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 52 DNA DNA NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 53 Vaccine Vaccine NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 54 Utilizing utilize VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 55 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 56 Modified modify VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 57 Promoter Promoter NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 58 Induces induce VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 59 Neutralizing neutralize VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 60 Antibody Antibody NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 61 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 62 Younger Younger NNPS cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 63 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 64 Older old JJR cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 65 Healthy Healthy NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 66 Adults Adults NNPS cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 67 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 68 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 182 69 Phase phase NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 183 1 I -PRON- PRP cord-330553-sukrjl22 184 1 Clinical clinical JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 184 2 Trial trial NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 185 1 A a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 185 2 West West NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 185 3 Nile Nile NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 185 4 Virus virus NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 185 5 DNA DNA NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 185 6 Vaccine Vaccine NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 185 7 Induces induce VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 185 8 Neutralizing neutralize VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 185 9 Antibody Antibody NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 185 10 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 185 11 Healthy Healthy NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 185 12 Adults Adults NNPS cord-330553-sukrjl22 185 13 during during IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 185 14 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 185 15 Phase phase NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 185 16 1 1 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 185 17 Clinical Clinical NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 185 18 Trial Trial NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 185 19 A a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 185 20 live live JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 185 21 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 185 22 attenuated attenuated JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 185 23 recombinant recombinant JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 185 24 West West NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 185 25 Nile Nile NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 185 26 virus virus NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 185 27 vaccine vaccine NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 185 28 Viral Viral NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 185 29 Pathogen Pathogen NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 186 1 -Associated -Associated NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 186 2 Molecular Molecular NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 186 3 Patterns Patterns NNPS cord-330553-sukrjl22 186 4 Regulate regulate VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 186 5 Blood blood NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 186 6 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 186 7 Brain Brain NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 186 8 Barrier Barrier NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 186 9 Integrity Integrity NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 186 10 via via IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 186 11 Competing compete VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 186 12 Innate innate JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 186 13 Cytokine cytokine NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 186 14 Signals Signals NNPS cord-330553-sukrjl22 186 15 Mechanism Mechanism NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 186 16 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 186 17 West West NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 186 18 Nile Nile NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 186 19 Virus Virus NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 186 20 Neuroinvasion Neuroinvasion NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 186 21 : : : cord-330553-sukrjl22 187 1 A a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 187 2 Critical Critical NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 187 3 Appraisal Appraisal NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 187 4 Risk Risk NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 187 5 Factors Factors NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 187 6 for for IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 187 7 West West NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 187 8 Nile Nile NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 187 9 Virus Virus NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 187 10 Neuroinvasive Neuroinvasive NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 187 11 Disease Disease NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 187 12 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 187 13 California California NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 187 14 Single Single NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 187 15 Nucleotide Nucleotide NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 187 16 Polymorphisms Polymorphisms NNPS cord-330553-sukrjl22 187 17 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 187 18 Genes Genes NNPS cord-330553-sukrjl22 187 19 for for IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 187 20 2 2 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 187 21 -5 -5 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 188 1 -Oligoadenylate -Oligoadenylate . cord-330553-sukrjl22 189 1 Synthetase Synthetase NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 189 2 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 189 3 RNase RNase NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 189 4 L l NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 189 5 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 189 6 Patients patient NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 189 7 Hospitalized hospitalize VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 189 8 with with IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 189 9 West West NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 189 10 Nile Nile NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 189 11 Virus Virus NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 189 12 Infection Infection NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 189 13 Genetic genetic JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 189 14 Deficiency deficiency NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 189 15 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 189 16 Chemokine Chemokine NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 189 17 Receptor Receptor NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 189 18 CCR5 CCR5 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 189 19 Is be VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 189 20 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 189 21 Strong strong JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 189 22 Risk Risk NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 189 23 Factor factor NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 189 24 for for IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 189 25 Symptomatic symptomatic JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 189 26 West West NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 189 27 Nile Nile NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 189 28 Virus Virus NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 189 29 Infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 189 30 : : : cord-330553-sukrjl22 190 1 A a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 190 2 Meta Meta NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 190 3 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 190 4 Analysis Analysis NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 190 5 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 190 6 4 4 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 190 7 Cohorts Cohorts NNPS cord-330553-sukrjl22 190 8 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 190 9 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 190 10 US US NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 190 11 Epidemic Epidemic NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 190 12 Death Death NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 190 13 Receptor Receptor NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 190 14 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 190 15 Mediated mediate VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 190 16 Apoptotic Apoptotic NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 190 17 Signaling Signaling NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 190 18 Is be VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 190 19 Activated activate VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 190 20 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 190 21 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 190 22 Brain Brain NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 190 23 following follow VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 190 24 Infection Infection NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 190 25 with with IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 190 26 West West NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 190 27 Nile Nile NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 190 28 Virus Virus NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 190 29 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 190 30 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 190 31 Absence absence NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 190 32 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 190 33 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 190 34 Peripheral Peripheral NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 190 35 Immune Immune NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 190 36 Response response NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 190 37 Caspase Caspase NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 190 38 3-Dependent 3-dependent CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 191 1 Cell cell NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 191 2 Death death NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 191 3 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 191 4 Neurons Neurons NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 191 5 Contributes contribute VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 191 6 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 191 7 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 191 8 Pathogenesis Pathogenesis NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 191 9 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 191 10 West West NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 191 11 Nile Nile NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 191 12 Virus Virus NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 191 13 Encephalitis encephalitis NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 191 14 Differential differential JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 191 15 responses response NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 191 16 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 191 17 human human JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 191 18 brain brain NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 191 19 cells cell NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 191 20 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 191 21 West West NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 191 22 Nile Nile NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 191 23 virus virus NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 191 24 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 191 25 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 191 26 across across IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 191 27 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 191 28 lifespan lifespan NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 191 29 : : : cord-330553-sukrjl22 192 1 From from IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 192 2 origin origin NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 192 3 to to TO cord-330553-sukrjl22 192 4 function function VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 192 5 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 192 6 brain brain NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 192 7 development development NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 192 8 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 192 9 plasticity plasticity NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 192 10 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 192 11 cognition cognition NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 192 12 Origin Origin NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 192 13 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 192 14 Functions Functions NNPS cord-330553-sukrjl22 192 15 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 192 16 Tissue tissue NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 192 17 Macrophages Macrophages NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 192 18 Origin Origin NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 192 19 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 192 20 differentiation differentiation NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 192 21 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 192 22 microglia microglia JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 192 23 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 192 24 Development Development NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 192 25 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 192 26 function function VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 192 27 The the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 192 28 Role role NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 192 29 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 192 30 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 192 31 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 192 32 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 192 33 Healthy Healthy NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 192 34 Brain Brain NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 193 1 The the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 193 2 Role role NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 193 3 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 193 4 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 193 5 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 193 6 Central Central NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 193 7 Nervous Nervous NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 193 8 System System NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 193 9 Immunity Immunity NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 193 10 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 193 11 Glioma Glioma NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 193 12 Immunology Immunology NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 193 13 Microglial Microglial NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 193 14 Physiology Physiology NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 193 15 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 193 16 Pathophysiology pathophysiology NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 193 17 : : : cord-330553-sukrjl22 194 1 Insights insight NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 194 2 from from IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 194 3 Genome genome NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 194 4 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 194 5 wide wide JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 194 6 Transcriptional Transcriptional NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 194 7 Profiling Profiling NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 194 8 Features Features NNPS cord-330553-sukrjl22 194 9 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 194 10 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 194 11 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 194 12 Neuroinflammation Neuroinflammation NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 194 13 Relevant relevant JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 194 14 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 194 15 Environmental Environmental NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 194 16 Exposure Exposure NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 194 17 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 195 1 Neurotoxicity Neurotoxicity NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 195 2 A a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 195 3 polarizing polarizing JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 195 4 question question NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 195 5 : : : cord-330553-sukrjl22 195 6 Do Do NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 195 7 M1 M1 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 195 8 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 195 9 M2 M2 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 195 10 microglia microglia NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 195 11 exist exist VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 195 12 ? ? . cord-330553-sukrjl22 196 1 Alternatively alternatively RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 196 2 activated activate VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 196 3 microglia microglia NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 196 4 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 196 5 macrophages macrophage NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 196 6 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 196 7 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 196 8 central central JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 196 9 nervous nervous JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 196 10 system system NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 196 11 Review Review NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 196 12 : : : cord-330553-sukrjl22 196 13 Activation activation NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 196 14 patterns pattern NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 196 15 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 196 16 microglia microglia NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 196 17 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 196 18 their -PRON- PRP$ cord-330553-sukrjl22 196 19 identification identification NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 196 20 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 196 21 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 196 22 human human JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 196 23 brain brain NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 196 24 Sequential Sequential NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 196 25 Activation Activation NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 196 26 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 196 27 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 196 28 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 196 29 Astrocyte Astrocyte NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 196 30 Cytokine Cytokine NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 196 31 Expression expression NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 197 1 Precedes precedes NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 198 1 Increased increase VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 198 2 Iba-1 Iba-1 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 198 3 or or CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 198 4 GFAP GFAP NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 198 5 Immunoreactivity Immunoreactivity NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 198 6 following follow VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 198 7 Systemic Systemic NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 198 8 Immune immune JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 198 9 Challenge challenge NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 198 10 Immune immune JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 198 11 phenotypes phenotype NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 198 12 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 198 13 microglia microglia NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 198 14 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 198 15 human human JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 198 16 neurodegenerative neurodegenerative JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 198 17 disease disease NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 198 18 : : : cord-330553-sukrjl22 198 19 Challenges challenge NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 198 20 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 198 21 detecting detect VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 198 22 microglial microglial JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 198 23 polarization polarization NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 198 24 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 198 25 human human JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 198 26 brains brain NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 199 1 Long Long NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 199 2 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 199 3 Distance distance NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 199 4 Interferon Interferon NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 1 Signaling signal VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 2 within within IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 3 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 4 Brain Brain NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 5 Blocks Blocks NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 6 Virus Virus NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 7 Spread Spread VBD cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 8 Neurophagy Neurophagy NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 9 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 10 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 11 phagocytosis phagocytosis NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 12 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 13 live live JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 14 neurons neuron NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 15 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 16 synapses synapsis NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 17 by by IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 18 glia glia NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 19 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 20 contributes contribute VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 21 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 22 brain brain NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 23 development development NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 24 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 25 disease disease NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 26 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 27 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 28 Mediated mediate VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 29 Inflammation Inflammation NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 30 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 31 Neurodegenerative Neurodegenerative NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 32 Disease Disease NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 33 Microglial Microglial NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 34 M1 M1 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 35 / / SYM cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 36 M2 m2 JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 37 polarization polarization NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 38 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 39 metabolic metabolic JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 40 states state NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 41 Activation Activation NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 42 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 43 Intrinsic Intrinsic NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 44 Immune Immune NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 45 Responses Responses NNPS cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 46 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 47 Microglial Microglial NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 48 Phagocytosis Phagocytosis NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 49 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 50 an an DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 51 Ex Ex NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 52 Vivo Vivo NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 53 Spinal Spinal NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 54 Cord cord NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 55 Slice slice NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 56 Culture Culture NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 57 Model Model NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 58 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 59 West West NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 60 Nile Nile NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 61 Virus Virus NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 62 Infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 200 63 Minocycline Minocycline NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 201 1 Has have VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 201 2 Anti anti JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 201 3 - - JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 201 4 inflammatory inflammatory JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 201 5 Effects effect NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 201 6 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 201 7 Reduces reduce VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 201 8 Cytotoxicity Cytotoxicity NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 201 9 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 201 10 an an DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 201 11 Ex Ex NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 201 12 Vivo Vivo NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 201 13 Spinal Spinal NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 201 14 Cord cord NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 201 15 Slice slice NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 201 16 Culture Culture NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 201 17 Model Model NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 201 18 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 201 19 West West NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 201 20 Nile Nile NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 201 21 Virus Virus NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 201 22 Infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 201 23 Impaired impair VBD cord-330553-sukrjl22 201 24 Autophagy Autophagy NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 201 25 Flux Flux NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 201 26 is be VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 201 27 Associated associate VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 201 28 with with IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 201 29 Proinflammatory Proinflammatory NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 201 30 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 201 31 Activation Activation NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 201 32 Following follow VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 201 33 Japanese japanese JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 201 34 Encephalitis Encephalitis NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 201 35 Virus virus NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 201 36 Infection Infection NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 201 37 Recent Recent NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 201 38 advances advance NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 201 39 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 201 40 understanding understanding NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 202 1 Japanese japanese JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 202 2 encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 202 3 Dengue dengue NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 202 4 virus virus NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 202 5 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 202 6 increases increase VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 202 7 microglial microglial JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 202 8 cell cell NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 202 9 migration migration NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 202 10 Role role NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 202 11 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 202 12 microglia microglia NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 202 13 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 202 14 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 202 15 dissemination dissemination NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 202 16 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 202 17 Zika Zika NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 202 18 virus virus NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 202 19 from from IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 202 20 mother mother NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 202 21 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 202 22 fetal fetal JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 202 23 brain brain NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 203 1 A a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 203 2 Tick tick VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 203 3 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 203 4 Borne Borne NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 203 5 Encephalitis Encephalitis NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 203 6 Model Model NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 203 7 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 203 8 Infant Infant NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 203 9 Rats rat NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 204 1 Infected infect VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 204 2 With with IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 204 3 Langat Langat NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 204 4 Virus Virus NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 204 5 Activation Activation NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 204 6 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 204 7 Innate Innate NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 204 8 Immune Immune NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 204 9 Responses Responses NNPS cord-330553-sukrjl22 204 10 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 204 11 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 204 12 Central Central NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 204 13 Nervous Nervous NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 204 14 System System NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 204 15 during during IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 204 16 Reovirus Reovirus NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 204 17 Myelitis Myelitis NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 204 18 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 204 19 are be VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 204 20 required require VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 204 21 for for IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 204 22 protection protection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 204 23 against against IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 204 24 lethal lethal JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 204 25 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 204 26 encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 204 27 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 204 28 mice mouse NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 205 1 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 205 2 influence influence NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 205 3 host host NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 205 4 defense defense NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 205 5 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 205 6 disease disease NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 205 7 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 205 8 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 205 9 repair repair VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 205 10 following follow VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 205 11 murine murine JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 205 12 coronavirus coronavirus NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 205 13 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 205 14 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 205 15 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 205 16 central central JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 205 17 nervous nervous JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 205 18 system system NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 205 19 Spinal spinal JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 205 20 cord cord NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 205 21 neuropathology neuropathology NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 205 22 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 205 23 human human JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 205 24 West West NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 205 25 Nile Nile NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 205 26 virus virus NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 205 27 infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 205 28 Virology Virology NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 205 29 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 205 30 Pathology Pathology NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 205 31 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 205 32 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 205 33 Clinical Clinical NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 205 34 Manifestations Manifestations NNPS cord-330553-sukrjl22 205 35 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 205 36 West West NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 205 37 Nile Nile NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 205 38 Virus Virus NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 205 39 Disease Disease NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 206 1 The the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 206 2 immune immune JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 206 3 adaptor adaptor NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 206 4 molecule molecule NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 206 5 SARM SARM NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 206 6 modulates modulate VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 206 7 tumor tumor NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 206 8 necrosis necrosis NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 206 9 factor factor NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 206 10 alpha alpha NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 206 11 production production NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 206 12 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 206 13 microglia microglia NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 206 14 activation activation NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 206 15 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 206 16 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 206 17 brainstem brainstem NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 206 18 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 206 19 restricts restrict VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 206 20 West West NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 206 21 Nile Nile NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 206 22 Virus Virus NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 206 23 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 206 24 TLR TLR NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 206 25 signaling signal VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 206 26 controls control NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 206 27 lethal lethal JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 206 28 encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 206 29 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 206 30 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 206 31 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 206 32 infected infect VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 206 33 brain brain NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 207 1 West West NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 207 2 Nile Nile NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 207 3 Virus Virus NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 207 4 spread spread VBD cord-330553-sukrjl22 207 5 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 207 6 differential differential JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 207 7 chemokine chemokine NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 207 8 response response NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 207 9 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 207 10 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 207 11 central central JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 207 12 nervous nervous JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 207 13 system system NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 207 14 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 207 15 mice mouse NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 207 16 : : : cord-330553-sukrjl22 208 1 Role role NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 208 2 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 208 3 pathogenic pathogenic JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 208 4 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 208 5 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 208 6 encephalitis encephalitis JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 208 7 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 208 8 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 208 9 specific specific JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 208 10 localisation localisation NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 208 11 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 208 12 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 208 13 novel novel JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 208 14 calcium calcium NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 208 15 binding bind VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 208 16 protein protein NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 208 17 , , . cord-330553-sukrjl22 209 1 Iba1 Iba1 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 209 2 Intercellular Intercellular NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 209 3 Communication Communication NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 209 4 Is be VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 209 5 Key key JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 209 6 for for IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 209 7 Protective Protective NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 209 8 IFNα/ IFNα/ NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 210 1 β β NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 1 Signaling signal VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 2 during during IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 3 Viral Viral NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 4 Central Central NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 5 Nervous Nervous NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 6 System System NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 7 Infection Infection NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 8 Interleukin Interleukin NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 9 17 17 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 10 Receptor Receptor NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 11 A A NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 12 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 13 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 14 Glutamate glutamate NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 15 Signaling Signaling NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 16 as as RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 17 Well well RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 18 as as IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 19 Flavivirus Flavivirus NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 20 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 21 Specific specific JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 22 Upregulation Upregulation NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 23 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 24 tRNA trna NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 25 Synthetases Synthetases NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 26 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 27 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 28 central central JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 29 nervous nervous JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 30 system system NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 31 repair repair NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 32 after after IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 33 injury injury NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 34 Pharmacologic Pharmacologic NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 35 Depletion Depletion NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 36 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 37 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 38 Increases increase VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 39 Viral Viral NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 40 Load Load NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 41 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 42 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 43 Brain Brain NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 44 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 45 Enhances enhance VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 46 Mortality mortality NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 47 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 48 Murine Murine NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 49 Models Models NNPS cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 50 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 51 Flavivirus Flavivirus NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 52 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 53 Induced Induced NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 54 Encephalitis Encephalitis NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 55 Toll toll NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 56 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 57 like like JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 58 receptors receptor NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 59 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 60 innate innate JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 61 immunity immunity NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 62 Toll toll NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 63 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 64 like like JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 65 receptors receptor NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 66 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 67 health health NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 68 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 69 disease disease NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 70 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 71 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 72 brain brain NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 73 : : : cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 74 Mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 75 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 76 therapeutic therapeutic JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 211 77 potential potential NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 212 1 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 212 2 Recognize recognize VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 212 3 Double Double NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 212 4 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 212 5 Stranded Stranded NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 212 6 RNA RNA NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 212 7 via via IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 212 8 TLR3 TLR3 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 213 1 Toll toll NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 213 2 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 213 3 Like like JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 213 4 Receptor Receptor NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 213 5 3 3 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 213 6 Has have VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 213 7 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 213 8 Protective Protective NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 213 9 Role role NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 213 10 against against IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 213 11 West West NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 213 12 Nile Nile NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 213 13 Virus Virus NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 213 14 Infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 213 15 Role role NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 213 16 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 213 17 NS1 ns1 NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 213 18 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 213 19 TLR3 TLR3 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 213 20 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 213 21 Pathogenesis Pathogenesis NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 213 22 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 213 23 Immunity Immunity NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 213 24 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 213 25 WNV WNV NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 213 26 Toll Toll NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 213 27 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 213 28 like like JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 213 29 receptor receptor NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 213 30 3 3 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 214 1 mediates mediate VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 214 2 West West NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 214 3 Nile Nile NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 214 4 virus virus NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 214 5 entry entry NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 214 6 into into IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 214 7 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 214 8 brain brain NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 214 9 causing cause VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 214 10 lethal lethal JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 214 11 encephalitis encephalitis RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 215 1 The the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 215 2 Essential Essential NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 215 3 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 215 4 Nonredundant Nonredundant NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 215 5 Roles Roles NNPS cord-330553-sukrjl22 215 6 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 215 7 RIG rig NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 215 8 - - : cord-330553-sukrjl22 215 9 I I NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 215 10 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 215 11 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 215 12 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 215 13 Detecting detect VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 215 14 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 215 15 Controlling control VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 215 16 West West NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 215 17 Nile Nile NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 215 18 Virus Virus NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 215 19 Infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 215 20 Distinct Distinct NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 215 21 RIG rig NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 215 22 - - : cord-330553-sukrjl22 215 23 I I NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 215 24 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 215 25 MDA5 MDA5 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 216 1 Signaling signal VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 216 2 by by IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 216 3 RNA RNA NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 216 4 Viruses Viruses NNPS cord-330553-sukrjl22 216 5 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 216 6 Innate Innate NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 216 7 Immunity Immunity NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 216 8 Characterization characterization NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 216 9 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 216 10 retinoic retinoic JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 216 11 acid acid NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 216 12 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 216 13 inducible inducible JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 216 14 gene gene NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 216 15 - - : cord-330553-sukrjl22 216 16 I -PRON- PRP cord-330553-sukrjl22 216 17 expression expression NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 216 18 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 216 19 primary primary JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 216 20 murine murine JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 216 21 glia glia NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 216 22 following follow VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 216 23 exposure exposure NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 216 24 to to IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 216 25 vesicular vesicular JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 216 26 stomatitis stomatitis NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 216 27 virus virus NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 216 28 MAVS MAVS NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 216 29 Expressed express VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 216 30 by by IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 216 31 Hematopoietic Hematopoietic NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 216 32 Cells Cells NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 217 1 Is be VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 217 2 Critical Critical NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 217 3 for for IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 217 4 Control Control NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 217 5 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 217 6 West West NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 217 7 Nile Nile NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 217 8 Virus Virus NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 217 9 Infection Infection NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 217 10 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 217 11 Pathogenesis Pathogenesis NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 218 1 IL-34 IL-34 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 218 2 is be VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 218 3 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 218 4 tissue tissue NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 218 5 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 218 6 restricted restrict VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 218 7 ligand ligand NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 218 8 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 218 9 CSF1R CSF1R NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 218 10 required require VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 218 11 for for IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 218 12 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 218 13 development development NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 218 14 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 218 15 Langerhans Langerhans NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 218 16 cells cell NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 218 17 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 218 18 microglia microglia NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 218 19 CSF1R CSF1R NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 219 1 Ligands Ligands NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 220 1 IL-34 IL-34 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 220 2 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 220 3 CSF1 CSF1 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 220 4 Are be VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 220 5 Differentially differentially RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 220 6 Required require VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 220 7 for for IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 220 8 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 220 9 Development Development NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 220 10 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 220 11 Maintenance Maintenance NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 220 12 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 220 13 White White NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 220 14 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 220 15 Gray Gray NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 220 16 Matter Matter NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 221 1 Brain Brain NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 221 2 Regions Regions NNPS cord-330553-sukrjl22 221 3 CSF-1 CSF-1 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 221 4 controls control VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 221 5 cerebellar cerebellar JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 221 6 microglia microglia NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 221 7 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 221 8 is be VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 221 9 required require VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 221 10 for for IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 222 1 motor motor NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 222 2 function function NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 222 3 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 222 4 social social JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 222 5 interaction interaction NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 222 6 Colony Colony NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 222 7 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 222 8 stimulating stimulate VBG cord-330553-sukrjl22 222 9 factor factor NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 222 10 1 1 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 222 11 receptor receptor NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 222 12 inhibition inhibition NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 222 13 prevents prevent VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 222 14 microglial microglial NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 222 15 plaque plaque NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 222 16 association association NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 222 17 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 222 18 improves improve VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 222 19 cognition cognition NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 222 20 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 222 21 3xTg 3xtg CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 222 22 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 222 23 AD ad NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 222 24 mice mice NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 222 25 CSF1 CSF1 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 222 26 receptor receptor NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 222 27 signaling signaling NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 222 28 is be VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 222 29 necessary necessary JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 222 30 for for IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 222 31 microglia microglia JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 222 32 viability viability NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 222 33 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 222 34 which which WDT cord-330553-sukrjl22 222 35 unmasks unmask VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 222 36 a a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 222 37 cell cell NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 222 38 that that WDT cord-330553-sukrjl22 222 39 rapidly rapidly RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 222 40 repopulates repopulate VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 222 41 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 222 42 microglia microglia NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 222 43 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 222 44 depleted deplete VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 222 45 adult adult NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 222 46 brain brain NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 223 1 Matrix Matrix NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 223 2 Metalloproteinase Metalloproteinase NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 223 3 9 9 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 223 4 Facilitates facilitate VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 223 5 West West NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 223 6 Nile Nile NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 223 7 Virus Virus NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 223 8 Entry Entry NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 223 9 into into IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 223 10 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 223 11 Brain Brain NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 224 1 The the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 224 2 Role role NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 224 3 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 224 4 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 224 5 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 224 6 Matrix Matrix NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 224 7 Metalloproteinases Metalloproteinases NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 224 8 Involvement Involvement NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 224 9 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 224 10 Neuroinflammation Neuroinflammation NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 224 11 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 224 12 Gliomas Gliomas NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 224 13 Matrix Matrix NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 224 14 metalloproteinases metalloproteinase NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 224 15 as as IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 224 16 modulators modulator NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 224 17 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 224 18 inflammation inflammation NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 224 19 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 224 20 innate innate JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 224 21 immunity immunity NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 224 22 Intercellular Intercellular NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 224 23 adhesion adhesion NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 224 24 molecule-1 molecule-1 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 224 25 gene gene NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 224 26 expression expression NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 224 27 by by IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 224 28 glial glial JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 224 29 cells cell NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 224 30 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 225 1 Differential differential JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 225 2 mechanisms mechanism NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 225 3 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 225 4 inhibition inhibition NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 225 5 by by IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 226 1 IL-10 IL-10 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 226 2 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 226 3 IL-6 IL-6 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 226 4 Dual dual JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 226 5 microglia microglia JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 226 6 effects effect NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 226 7 on on IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 226 8 blood blood NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 226 9 brain brain NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 226 10 barrier barrier NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 226 11 permeability permeability NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 226 12 induced induce VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 226 13 by by IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 226 14 systemic systemic JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 226 15 inflammation inflammation NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 226 16 West West NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 226 17 Nile Nile NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 227 1 Virus virus NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 227 2 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 227 3 Induced induce VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 227 4 Cell cell NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 227 5 Adhesion adhesion NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 227 6 Molecules Molecules NNPS cord-330553-sukrjl22 227 7 on on IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 227 8 Human Human NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 227 9 Brain Brain NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 227 10 Microvascular Microvascular NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 227 11 Endothelial endothelial NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 227 12 Cells cell NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 227 13 Regulate regulate VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 227 14 Leukocyte Leukocyte NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 227 15 Adhesion Adhesion NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 227 16 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 227 17 Modulate modulate VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 227 18 Permeability permeability NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 227 19 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 227 20 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 227 21 In in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 227 22 Vitro Vitro NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 227 23 Blood Blood NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 227 24 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 227 25 Brain Brain NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 227 26 Barrier Barrier NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 227 27 Model Model NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 227 28 T T NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 227 29 cells cell NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 227 30 promote promote VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 227 31 microglia microglia NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 227 32 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 227 33 mediated mediate VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 227 34 synaptic synaptic JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 227 35 elimination elimination NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 227 36 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 227 37 cognitive cognitive JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 227 38 dysfunction dysfunction NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 227 39 during during IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 227 40 recovery recovery NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 227 41 from from IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 227 42 neuropathogenic neuropathogenic NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 227 43 flaviviruses flaviviruses NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 228 1 A a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 228 2 complement complement NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 228 3 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 228 4 microglial microglial JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 228 5 axis axis NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 228 6 drives drive VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 228 7 synapse synapse NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 228 8 loss loss NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 228 9 during during IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 228 10 virus virus NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 228 11 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 228 12 induced induce VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 228 13 memory memory NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 228 14 impairment impairment NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 229 1 To to TO cord-330553-sukrjl22 229 2 Go go VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 229 3 or or CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 229 4 Stay stay VB cord-330553-sukrjl22 229 5 : : : cord-330553-sukrjl22 229 6 The the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 229 7 Development Development NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 229 8 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 229 9 Benefit Benefit NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 229 10 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 229 11 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 229 12 Detriment detriment NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 229 13 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 229 14 Tissue tissue NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 229 15 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 229 16 Resident Resident NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 229 17 Memory Memory NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 229 18 CD8 CD8 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 229 19 T T NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 229 20 Cells cell NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 229 21 during during IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 229 22 Central central JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 229 23 Nervous Nervous NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 229 24 System system NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 229 25 Viral viral JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 229 26 Infections Infections NNPS cord-330553-sukrjl22 229 27 Update update VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 229 28 on on IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 229 29 T T NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 229 30 cells cell NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 229 31 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 229 32 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 229 33 virally virally RB cord-330553-sukrjl22 229 34 infected infect VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 229 35 brain brain NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 229 36 : : : cord-330553-sukrjl22 230 1 Friends friend NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 230 2 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 230 3 foes foe NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 230 4 CD4 CD4 NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 230 5 + + CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 230 6 T T NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 230 7 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 230 8 Cell cell NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 230 9 Responses response NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 230 10 Are be VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 230 11 Required require VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 230 12 for for IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 230 13 Clearance Clearance NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 230 14 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 230 15 West West NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 230 16 Nile Nile NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 230 17 Virus Virus NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 230 18 from from IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 230 19 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 230 20 Central Central NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 230 21 Nervous Nervous NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 230 22 System System NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 230 23 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 230 24 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 230 25 Memory memory NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 230 26 Decline Decline NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 230 27 from from IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 230 28 Zika Zika NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 230 29 Virus Virus NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 230 30 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 231 1 West West NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 231 2 Nile Nile NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 231 3 Virus Virus NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 231 4 Infection infection NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 232 1 The the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 232 2 role role NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 232 3 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 232 4 microglia microglia NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 232 5 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 232 6 viral viral JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 232 7 encephalitis encephalitis NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 232 8 : : : cord-330553-sukrjl22 233 1 A a DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 233 2 review review NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 233 3 The the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 233 4 Complement Complement NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 233 5 System System NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 233 6 : : : cord-330553-sukrjl22 233 7 An an DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 233 8 Unexpected unexpected JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 233 9 Role role NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 233 10 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 233 11 Synaptic synaptic JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 233 12 Pruning Pruning NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 233 13 During during IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 233 14 Development Development NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 233 15 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 233 16 Disease Disease NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 234 1 The the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 234 2 Classical Classical NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 234 3 Complement Complement NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 234 4 Cascade Cascade NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 234 5 Mediates mediate VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 235 1 CNS CNS NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 235 2 Synapse Synapse NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 235 3 Elimination Elimination NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 235 4 Microglia Microglia NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 235 5 Sculpt sculpt JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 235 6 Postnatal postnatal JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 235 7 Neural neural JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 235 8 Circuits Circuits NNPS cord-330553-sukrjl22 235 9 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 235 10 an an DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 235 11 Activity Activity NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 235 12 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 235 13 Complement complement NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 235 14 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 235 15 Dependent Dependent NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 235 16 Manner Manner NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 235 17 Chapter Chapter NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 235 18 Two two CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 235 19 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 235 20 Complement Complement NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 235 21 System System NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 235 22 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 235 23 Neural Neural NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 235 24 Synapse Synapse NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 235 25 Elimination Elimination NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 235 26 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 235 27 Development Development NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 235 28 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 235 29 Disease Disease NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 235 30 Granulocyte Granulocyte NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 235 31 Macrophage Macrophage NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 235 32 Colony Colony NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 235 33 Stimulating Stimulating NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 235 34 Factor Factor NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 235 35 Treatment Treatment NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 235 36 is be VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 235 37 Associated associate VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 235 38 with with IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 235 39 Improved Improved NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 235 40 Cognition Cognition NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 235 41 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 235 42 Cancer Cancer NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 235 43 Patients Patients NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 235 44 GM GM NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 235 45 - - HYPH cord-330553-sukrjl22 235 46 CSF CSF NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 235 47 Upregulated Upregulated NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 235 48 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 235 49 Rheumatoid Rheumatoid NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 235 50 Arthritis arthritis NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 235 51 Reverses reverse VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 235 52 Cognitive Cognitive NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 235 53 Impairment Impairment NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 235 54 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 235 55 Amyloidosis Amyloidosis NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 235 56 in in IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 235 57 Alzheimer Alzheimer NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 235 58 Mice Mice NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 236 1 The the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 236 2 Kaleidoscope Kaleidoscope NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 236 3 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 236 4 Microglial Microglial NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 236 5 Phenotypes Phenotypes NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 237 1 This this DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 237 2 article article NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 237 3 is be VBZ cord-330553-sukrjl22 237 4 an an DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 237 5 open open JJ cord-330553-sukrjl22 237 6 access access NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 237 7 article article NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 237 8 distributed distribute VBN cord-330553-sukrjl22 237 9 under under IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 237 10 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 237 11 terms term NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 237 12 and and CC cord-330553-sukrjl22 237 13 conditions condition NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 237 14 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 237 15 the the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 237 16 Creative Creative NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 237 17 Commons Commons NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 237 18 Attribution Attribution NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 237 19 ( ( -LRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 237 20 CC CC NNP cord-330553-sukrjl22 237 21 BY by IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 237 22 ) ) -RRB- cord-330553-sukrjl22 237 23 license license NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 238 1 The the DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 238 2 authors author NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 238 3 declare declare VBP cord-330553-sukrjl22 238 4 no no DT cord-330553-sukrjl22 238 5 conflict conflict NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 238 6 of of IN cord-330553-sukrjl22 238 7 interest interest NN cord-330553-sukrjl22 238 8 . . . cord-330553-sukrjl22 239 1 Vaccines vaccine NNS cord-330553-sukrjl22 239 2 2020 2020 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 239 3 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 239 4 8 8 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 239 5 , , , cord-330553-sukrjl22 239 6 485 485 CD cord-330553-sukrjl22 239 7 _SP